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"bio": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.MarkFiore.com\">MarkFiore.com\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/markfiore\">Follow on Twitter\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Mark-Fiore-Animated-Political-Cartoons/94451707396?ref=bookmarks\">Facebook\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"mailto:mark@markfiore.com\">email\u003c/a>\r\n\r\nPulitzer Prize-winner, Mark Fiore, who the Wall Street Journal has called “the undisputed guru of the form,” creates animated political cartoons in San Francisco, where his work has been featured regularly on the San Francisco Chronicle’s web site, SFGate.com. His work has appeared on Newsweek.com, Slate.com, CBSNews.com, MotherJones.com, DailyKos.com and NPR’s web site. Fiore’s political animation has appeared on CNN, Frontline, Bill Moyers Journal, Salon.com and cable and broadcast outlets across the globe.\r\n\r\nBeginning his professional life by drawing traditional political cartoons for newspapers, Fiore’s work appeared in publications ranging from the Washington Post to the Los Angeles Times. In the late 1990s, he began to experiment with animating political cartoons and, after a short stint at the San Jose Mercury News as their staff cartoonist, Fiore devoted all his energies to animation.\r\nGrowing up in California, Fiore also spent a good portion of his life in the backwoods of Idaho. It was this combination that shaped him politically. Mark majored in political science at Colorado College, where, in a perfect send-off for a cartoonist, he received his diploma in 1991 as commencement speaker Dick Cheney smiled approvingly.\r\nMark Fiore was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 2010, a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award in 2004 and has twice received an Online Journalism Award for commentary from the Online News Association (2002, 2008). Fiore has received two awards for his work in new media from the National Cartoonists Society (2001, 2002), and in 2006 received The James Madison Freedom of Information Award from The Society of Professional Journalists.",
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"content": "\u003cp>More and more employers are ordering workers to get vaccinated against the coronavirus without the option of getting tested instead. Now workers are pushing back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, D.C., more than 400 fire and emergency medical workers applied for religious exemptions to the city’s vaccine mandate. In Los Angeles, roughly a quarter of the police department is expected to seek religious exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How many of those requests will ultimately be approved is unknown. Already, some employers are taking a harder line than others. Under the law, employers have a lot of discretion when granting religious exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the answers to some questions that may come up when navigating the process of a religious exemptions. Don’t have time to read the whole guide? Click on the links below to skip to a specific section:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#obligations\">\u003cstrong>What are employer obligations to workers when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#reasonable\">What does “reasonable” mean when it comes to a reasonable accommodation?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#hardship\">\u003cstrong>What’s considered an undue hardship when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#head\">Does it matter what the head of my religion says about the coronavirus vaccines?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#tips\">\u003cstrong>What about all the tips being shared online for getting a religious exemption?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"obligations\">\u003c/a>What are employer obligations to workers when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The right to request a religious exemption stems from Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which protects workers from discrimination on the basis of religion, among other things. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or EEOC, says employers must provide reasonable accommodations for workers who have sincerely held religious beliefs — unless doing so poses an undue hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, employers may probe whether an employee’s religious belief is in fact sincere. They may ask questions about that employee’s vaccination history or church attendance. If the employer determines the belief is not sincere, it may deny the exemption request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if an employee’s religious belief is determined to be sincere, it’s the employer who decides what the reasonable accommodation will be. It does not have to be the accommodation requested by the employee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890327\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11890327 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A handful of people sit at a distance from each other in church pews backed by a brightly lit window.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents sit in the church observation area after receiving their second dose of the Moderna vaccine at Lincoln Memorial Congregational Church UCC on March 12, 2021, in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"reasonable\">\u003c/a>What counts as ‘reasonable’ when it comes to a reasonable accommodation?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What one employer deems to be reasonable, another may not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Conway, Ark., Matt Troup, CEO of Conway Regional Health System, has granted 45 religious exemptions to employees who refused to get a coronavirus vaccine. Their objections were largely based on the employees’ beliefs that vaccines that used fetal cells in research, testing or production should not be put into their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Public health officials say fetal cell lines developed decades ago in the laboratory were used to develop and test the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, a common practice in pharmaceutical research. Other fetal cell lines are being used in the production of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. But the vaccines themselves do not contain any fetal cells.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before granting the religious exemptions, Troup sent the employees a list of 28 commonly used medicines that also used fetal cells in their research, testing or development — a list that includes Tylenol, Motrin, Tums, Ex-Lax and other medicine cabinet staples. He asked employees to attest to not using any of those medicines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to know that if they’re going to be consistent in their beliefs, that applies to a lot of different things other than the COVID vaccine,” Troup says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presented with the list, the employees who had requested religious exemptions still declined the vaccines. So Troup informed them they’d have to undergo regular COVID-19 testing. With 95% of his workforce vaccinated, he felt it was a reasonable accommodation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like we’ve accomplished our goal to protect our staff, our patients and our community,” he says. “We want to respect people’s religious freedoms and their ability to make these decisions to the point that we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some employers have made it clear they will be less accommodating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NBAPR/status/1441550983125889033\">NBA recently denied a religious exemption request\u003c/a> from Golden State Warriors forward Andrew Wiggins, announcing that the athlete will not be able to play at any home games in San Francisco, which has a vaccine mandate for large indoor events, until he fulfills the city’s vaccination requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NBAPR/status/1441550983125889033\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United Airlines has granted religious exemptions to a small number of employees, but the reasonable accommodation the airline has provided is to put the employees on indefinite unpaid leave without regular benefits. A handful of United employees have sued, saying unpaid leave is not a reasonable accommodation but rather an adverse employment action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Román Hernández, a labor and employment attorney with Troutman Pepper in Portland, Oregon, says historically, courts have upheld unpaid leave as a reasonable accommodation in religious exemption cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s probably not the accommodation that those workers wanted, but that is something that the employer is providing,” Hernández says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"hardship\">\u003c/a>What’s considered an undue hardship when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Remember that under the law, employers must provide reasonable accommodations to workers seeking religious exemptions — unless doing so poses an undue hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to look at how the EEOC defines undue hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In religious exemption cases, undue hardship is defined as “more than a \u003cem>de minimis\u003c/em>,” or minimal, cost or burden on the operation of the employer’s business. Hernández points out that an accommodation that involves shift changes could constitute more than a minimal burden to an employer, allowing the employer to deny such an accommodation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its defense, United has argued that allowing unvaccinated employees to continue working in customer-facing roles on-site “would impose extraordinary — not just \u003cem>de minimis\u003c/em> — costs on United and the public.” The airline says it would have to implement a coronavirus testing program at more than 100 domestic airports and offices. Running such a program would cause a heavier workload for vaccinated co-workers — and United notes that 97% of its employees are now vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"head\">\u003c/a>Does it matter what the head of my religion says about the coronavirus vaccines?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Probably not, because religious exemptions ultimately come down to an employee’s personal belief and whether an employer can find a reasonable accommodation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/pontifex/status/1427875189509984261?lang=en\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, no major religion has come out in opposition to the vaccines. In fact, prominent religious leaders are endorsing them. Pope Francis has told Catholics that getting vaccinated is “an act of love,” for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the Christian Science Church, which counsels prayer rather than medical care, says it doesn’t have an official policy on vaccinations. It leaves it up to individuals to make that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"tips\">\u003c/a>What about all the tips being shared online for getting a religious exemption?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='vaccines']Mentions of religious mandates on social media and traditional media outlets have jumped ninefold since June, with most of that spike coming after the White House announced vaccine mandates for federal employees in early September, according to an analysis by media tracking firm Zignal Labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Facebook groups opposed to vaccine mandates, members frequently ask about how to obtain a religious exemption and what to say when petitioning their employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these groups, members regularly cite misleading claims that vaccines contain fetal cells. Others share links to online churches and self-described “consultants” offering signed exemption letters. One company offering these services charges $175 for phone consultations, research, sample forms and a signed letter from a pastor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But keep in mind, the employer really has a lot of discretion in granting these exemptions whether or not you have one of these signed letters. So people should probably think twice about paying for these services.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More and more employers are ordering workers to get vaccinated against the coronavirus without the option of getting tested instead. Now workers are pushing back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, D.C., more than 400 fire and emergency medical workers applied for religious exemptions to the city’s vaccine mandate. In Los Angeles, roughly a quarter of the police department is expected to seek religious exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How many of those requests will ultimately be approved is unknown. Already, some employers are taking a harder line than others. Under the law, employers have a lot of discretion when granting religious exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the answers to some questions that may come up when navigating the process of a religious exemptions. Don’t have time to read the whole guide? Click on the links below to skip to a specific section:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#obligations\">\u003cstrong>What are employer obligations to workers when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#reasonable\">What does “reasonable” mean when it comes to a reasonable accommodation?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#hardship\">\u003cstrong>What’s considered an undue hardship when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#head\">Does it matter what the head of my religion says about the coronavirus vaccines?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#tips\">\u003cstrong>What about all the tips being shared online for getting a religious exemption?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"obligations\">\u003c/a>What are employer obligations to workers when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The right to request a religious exemption stems from Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which protects workers from discrimination on the basis of religion, among other things. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or EEOC, says employers must provide reasonable accommodations for workers who have sincerely held religious beliefs — unless doing so poses an undue hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, employers may probe whether an employee’s religious belief is in fact sincere. They may ask questions about that employee’s vaccination history or church attendance. If the employer determines the belief is not sincere, it may deny the exemption request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if an employee’s religious belief is determined to be sincere, it’s the employer who decides what the reasonable accommodation will be. It does not have to be the accommodation requested by the employee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890327\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11890327 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A handful of people sit at a distance from each other in church pews backed by a brightly lit window.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents sit in the church observation area after receiving their second dose of the Moderna vaccine at Lincoln Memorial Congregational Church UCC on March 12, 2021, in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"reasonable\">\u003c/a>What counts as ‘reasonable’ when it comes to a reasonable accommodation?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What one employer deems to be reasonable, another may not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Conway, Ark., Matt Troup, CEO of Conway Regional Health System, has granted 45 religious exemptions to employees who refused to get a coronavirus vaccine. Their objections were largely based on the employees’ beliefs that vaccines that used fetal cells in research, testing or production should not be put into their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Public health officials say fetal cell lines developed decades ago in the laboratory were used to develop and test the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, a common practice in pharmaceutical research. Other fetal cell lines are being used in the production of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. But the vaccines themselves do not contain any fetal cells.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before granting the religious exemptions, Troup sent the employees a list of 28 commonly used medicines that also used fetal cells in their research, testing or development — a list that includes Tylenol, Motrin, Tums, Ex-Lax and other medicine cabinet staples. He asked employees to attest to not using any of those medicines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to know that if they’re going to be consistent in their beliefs, that applies to a lot of different things other than the COVID vaccine,” Troup says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presented with the list, the employees who had requested religious exemptions still declined the vaccines. So Troup informed them they’d have to undergo regular COVID-19 testing. With 95% of his workforce vaccinated, he felt it was a reasonable accommodation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like we’ve accomplished our goal to protect our staff, our patients and our community,” he says. “We want to respect people’s religious freedoms and their ability to make these decisions to the point that we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some employers have made it clear they will be less accommodating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NBAPR/status/1441550983125889033\">NBA recently denied a religious exemption request\u003c/a> from Golden State Warriors forward Andrew Wiggins, announcing that the athlete will not be able to play at any home games in San Francisco, which has a vaccine mandate for large indoor events, until he fulfills the city’s vaccination requirements.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>United Airlines has granted religious exemptions to a small number of employees, but the reasonable accommodation the airline has provided is to put the employees on indefinite unpaid leave without regular benefits. A handful of United employees have sued, saying unpaid leave is not a reasonable accommodation but rather an adverse employment action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Román Hernández, a labor and employment attorney with Troutman Pepper in Portland, Oregon, says historically, courts have upheld unpaid leave as a reasonable accommodation in religious exemption cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s probably not the accommodation that those workers wanted, but that is something that the employer is providing,” Hernández says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"hardship\">\u003c/a>What’s considered an undue hardship when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Remember that under the law, employers must provide reasonable accommodations to workers seeking religious exemptions — unless doing so poses an undue hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to look at how the EEOC defines undue hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In religious exemption cases, undue hardship is defined as “more than a \u003cem>de minimis\u003c/em>,” or minimal, cost or burden on the operation of the employer’s business. Hernández points out that an accommodation that involves shift changes could constitute more than a minimal burden to an employer, allowing the employer to deny such an accommodation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its defense, United has argued that allowing unvaccinated employees to continue working in customer-facing roles on-site “would impose extraordinary — not just \u003cem>de minimis\u003c/em> — costs on United and the public.” The airline says it would have to implement a coronavirus testing program at more than 100 domestic airports and offices. Running such a program would cause a heavier workload for vaccinated co-workers — and United notes that 97% of its employees are now vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"head\">\u003c/a>Does it matter what the head of my religion says about the coronavirus vaccines?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Probably not, because religious exemptions ultimately come down to an employee’s personal belief and whether an employer can find a reasonable accommodation.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>So far, no major religion has come out in opposition to the vaccines. In fact, prominent religious leaders are endorsing them. Pope Francis has told Catholics that getting vaccinated is “an act of love,” for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the Christian Science Church, which counsels prayer rather than medical care, says it doesn’t have an official policy on vaccinations. It leaves it up to individuals to make that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"tips\">\u003c/a>What about all the tips being shared online for getting a religious exemption?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Mentions of religious mandates on social media and traditional media outlets have jumped ninefold since June, with most of that spike coming after the White House announced vaccine mandates for federal employees in early September, according to an analysis by media tracking firm Zignal Labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Facebook groups opposed to vaccine mandates, members frequently ask about how to obtain a religious exemption and what to say when petitioning their employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these groups, members regularly cite misleading claims that vaccines contain fetal cells. Others share links to online churches and self-described “consultants” offering signed exemption letters. One company offering these services charges $175 for phone consultations, research, sample forms and a signed letter from a pastor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But keep in mind, the employer really has a lot of discretion in granting these exemptions whether or not you have one of these signed letters. So people should probably think twice about paying for these services.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "federal-judge-requires-vaccines-for-california-prison-staff",
"title": "Federal Judge Requires Vaccines for California Prison Staff",
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"headTitle": "Federal Judge Requires Vaccines for California Prison Staff | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge on Monday ordered that all employees entering California prisons be vaccinated or have a religious or medical exemption, as he tries to head off another coronavirus outbreak like the one that killed 28 incarcerated people and a correctional officer at San Quentin State Prison last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incarcerated people who want in-person visits or who work outside prisons, including incarcerated firefighters, must also be fully vaccinated or have a religious or medical exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prison guards union said it may appeal the mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 50,000 people incarcerated in California have been infected and at least 240 have died since the start of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All agree that a mandatory staff vaccination policy would lower the risk of preventable death and serious medical consequences among incarcerated persons,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21069751-plata-vax-ruling\">wrote U.S. District Judge Jon Tigar\u003c/a>. “And no one has identified any remedy that will produce anything close to the same benefit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said state officials “have taken many commendable steps” but he is acting “because they refuse to do what the undisputed evidence requires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar has broad authority to direct medical care within California prisons under a long-running lawsuit over poor health care. He accepted the recommendation of his federal receiver, J. Clark Kelso, who has operational control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once the virus enters a facility, it is very difficult to contain, and the dominant route by which it enters a prison is through infected staff,” the judge reasoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"california-prisons\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Monday, there were 218 active infections in incarcerated people, 129 of them at North Kern State Prison near Bakersfield. Wasco State Prison in the same county had 32 infected incarcerated people, but only one other prison has double-digit infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, there were 357 active employee infections; thirty-nine employees have died, including three this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Correctional Peace Officers Association has said the mandate could create staff shortages if employees refuse to comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve undertaken an aggressive, voluntary vaccination program and we still believe the voluntary approach is the best way forward. We are looking into our legal options to address this order,” union President Glen Stailey said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rita Lomio, an attorney with the nonprofit Prison Law Office that sought the order, said she doesn’t see a plausible ground for the union to appeal the mandate because there is “such a clear factual and legal basis for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think it’s terrific. We think it’s needed,” said Lomio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lomio also said she hopes prison officials will take the order seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to be doing this important work that puts you in close contact with people who are extremely high risk of getting very sick or dying from the disease, you need to be vaccinated,” said Lomio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado, Illinois, Oregon, Massachusetts, Washington, Nevada, New Mexico and all federal prisons already have similar mandates, she said, but California was the first to force a court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Spokeswoman Dana Simas, California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation\"]‘We respectfully disagree with the finding of deliberate indifference, as the department has long embraced [voluntary] vaccinations.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was opposed by the state’s prison agency and Gov. Gavin Newsom, whose administration had ordered vaccinations or testing for all state employees, including correctional employees. Tigar’s order does away with the frequent testing option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is “evaluating the court’s order at this time to determine next steps,” corrections department spokesperson Dana Simas said in an email. “We respectfully disagree with the finding of deliberate indifference, as the department has long embraced [voluntary] vaccinations” and was one of the first to provide them to incarcerated people and staff at the end of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost all of California’s 99,000 incarcerated people have been offered the vaccine and 76% are fully vaccinated, she said. Among employees, 57% are fully vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar said that includes about 42% of correctional officers systemwide, but vaccination rates vary; at one prison, the rate is just 18%. At several prisons, rates among all employees are in the 30% range, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge gave Kelso, the federal receiver, and prison officials two weeks to say how they will comply with his order. He also told Kelso to consider other ways to increase the vaccination rate among incarcerated people, including a possible mandatory vaccination policy for all incarcerated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Alex Emslie contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge on Monday ordered that all employees entering California prisons be vaccinated or have a religious or medical exemption, as he tries to head off another coronavirus outbreak like the one that killed 28 incarcerated people and a correctional officer at San Quentin State Prison last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incarcerated people who want in-person visits or who work outside prisons, including incarcerated firefighters, must also be fully vaccinated or have a religious or medical exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prison guards union said it may appeal the mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 50,000 people incarcerated in California have been infected and at least 240 have died since the start of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All agree that a mandatory staff vaccination policy would lower the risk of preventable death and serious medical consequences among incarcerated persons,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21069751-plata-vax-ruling\">wrote U.S. District Judge Jon Tigar\u003c/a>. “And no one has identified any remedy that will produce anything close to the same benefit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said state officials “have taken many commendable steps” but he is acting “because they refuse to do what the undisputed evidence requires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar has broad authority to direct medical care within California prisons under a long-running lawsuit over poor health care. He accepted the recommendation of his federal receiver, J. Clark Kelso, who has operational control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once the virus enters a facility, it is very difficult to contain, and the dominant route by which it enters a prison is through infected staff,” the judge reasoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Monday, there were 218 active infections in incarcerated people, 129 of them at North Kern State Prison near Bakersfield. Wasco State Prison in the same county had 32 infected incarcerated people, but only one other prison has double-digit infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, there were 357 active employee infections; thirty-nine employees have died, including three this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Correctional Peace Officers Association has said the mandate could create staff shortages if employees refuse to comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve undertaken an aggressive, voluntary vaccination program and we still believe the voluntary approach is the best way forward. We are looking into our legal options to address this order,” union President Glen Stailey said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rita Lomio, an attorney with the nonprofit Prison Law Office that sought the order, said she doesn’t see a plausible ground for the union to appeal the mandate because there is “such a clear factual and legal basis for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think it’s terrific. We think it’s needed,” said Lomio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lomio also said she hopes prison officials will take the order seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to be doing this important work that puts you in close contact with people who are extremely high risk of getting very sick or dying from the disease, you need to be vaccinated,” said Lomio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado, Illinois, Oregon, Massachusetts, Washington, Nevada, New Mexico and all federal prisons already have similar mandates, she said, but California was the first to force a court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We respectfully disagree with the finding of deliberate indifference, as the department has long embraced [voluntary] vaccinations.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was opposed by the state’s prison agency and Gov. Gavin Newsom, whose administration had ordered vaccinations or testing for all state employees, including correctional employees. Tigar’s order does away with the frequent testing option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is “evaluating the court’s order at this time to determine next steps,” corrections department spokesperson Dana Simas said in an email. “We respectfully disagree with the finding of deliberate indifference, as the department has long embraced [voluntary] vaccinations” and was one of the first to provide them to incarcerated people and staff at the end of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost all of California’s 99,000 incarcerated people have been offered the vaccine and 76% are fully vaccinated, she said. Among employees, 57% are fully vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar said that includes about 42% of correctional officers systemwide, but vaccination rates vary; at one prison, the rate is just 18%. At several prisons, rates among all employees are in the 30% range, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge gave Kelso, the federal receiver, and prison officials two weeks to say how they will comply with his order. He also told Kelso to consider other ways to increase the vaccination rate among incarcerated people, including a possible mandatory vaccination policy for all incarcerated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Alex Emslie contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "COVID Vaccine Boosters for All Were Meant to Roll Out This Week. What Happened?",
"title": "COVID Vaccine Boosters for All Were Meant to Roll Out This Week. What Happened?",
"headTitle": "KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Note: Pfizer COVID vaccine booster shots are now available for certain eligible groups. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890031/where-can-i-get-a-pfizer-covid-booster-shot-near-me-heres-whos-eligible\">Find out who can get a Pfizer booster shot, and how to make an appointment near you.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You're not imagining it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in mid-August, U.S. health officials announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885531/covid-booster-shots-to-roll-out-in-september-in-the-u-s-health-officials-say\">plans to offer COVID-19 booster shots to all Americans\u003c/a>, starting as early as this week (Sept. 20).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn't happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the Food and Drug Administration has now \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889660/the-fda-oks-pfizer-biontech-booster-for-people-65-or-at-high-risk-for-severe-covid\">authorized a booster dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus vaccine\u003c/a> for people age 65 and older and certain other groups, with \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-science-health-coronavirus-vaccine-95b8d9a432b60fe0e9713adf75dde0ee\">endorsement from the CDC\u003c/a>, you could be forgiven for wondering: What happened to this previous timeline? When could we actually see booster shots roll out? And who might get them first?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>I thought booster shots for all were starting Sept. 20? What changed?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885531/covid-booster-shots-to-roll-out-in-september-in-the-u-s-health-officials-say\">The original White House booster plan\u003c/a> for the general public, announced on Aug. 18, called for an extra dose eight months after getting the second shot of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11888987/fda-advisers-vote-against-pfizer-covid-booster\">That time frame was since revised\u003c/a> to six months.) The one-shot Johnson & Johnson vaccine was not included in the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the last several weeks since the Biden administration's announcement, a lot has changed. According to The New York Times, the projected September time frame \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/03/us/politics/coronavirus-booster-shots.html\">\"set off alarm bells\"\u003c/a> among officials in the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/03/us/politics/coronavirus-booster-shots.html\">top federal health officials allegedly warned the White House\u003c/a> that it should scale back its booster-shot plan, the NY Times reported. Representatives from the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention purportedly told the Biden administration they would need more time to review all the available data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers have been conducting their own research into the efficacy of booster shots for their particular vaccines. The next stage on the road to booster-shot approval for any particular manufacturer is a review by an advisory panel of experts convened by the FDA. This panel is a part of the FDA's overall evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of a third dose, which is also being reviewed by a CDC advisory panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889483\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889483 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51555_GettyImages-1334915315-qut.jpg\" alt=\"President Biden speaks at a podium.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51555_GettyImages-1334915315-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51555_GettyImages-1334915315-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51555_GettyImages-1334915315-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51555_GettyImages-1334915315-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51555_GettyImages-1334915315-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Aug. 18, 2021, U.S. President Biden announced a plan for Americans to receive a booster shot against COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>But now we have \u003cem>one\u003c/em> approved vaccine booster, right?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yes. On Sept. 22, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889660/the-fda-oks-pfizer-biontech-booster-for-people-65-or-at-high-risk-for-severe-covid\">the FDA authorized a booster dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.\u003c/a> But this booster shot only applies to people who have gotten the Pfizer vaccine for their first two shots, and who:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Are 65 and older\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Are at high risk of experiencing severe COVID-19 symptoms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Have jobs or institutional exposure to the virus that puts them at high risk of contracting COVID-19\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The FDA says that a third shot can be given at least six months after completion of a person's last Pfizer shot. On Sept. 24, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-science-health-coronavirus-vaccine-95b8d9a432b60fe0e9713adf75dde0ee\">the CDC formally signed off on the plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means these eligible groups will be able to get their Pfizer booster shot in California soon. The Western States Scientific Safety Review Workgroup — which represents California, Nevada, Washington and Oregon — will now independently review the FDA and CDC recommendations, and only then can any of the coronavirus vaccine boosters be distributed in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This FDA authorization comes after the organization's advisory panel met Sept. 17 and voted 16-2 \u003cem>against\u003c/em> a plan to use Pfizer boosters for people 16 and older. The same experts did, however, vote 18-0 in support of the FDA authorizing a booster for people 65 and older or at high risk of severe COVID-19. The FDA typically follows the advice of its advisory committees — although they're not required to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 23, the CDC's own advisory panel met to make specific recommendations about use of this Pfizer booster. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/09/23/1040078971/cdc-covid-19-pfizer-boosters-adults-guidance\">The CDC panel aligned with the FDA authorization\u003c/a> in all respects, except for disagreeing with the FDA on the question of people whose jobs are more likely to expose them to COVID, such as health care workers and teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee said that these people should \u003cem>not\u003c/em> yet be allowed to receive an extra Pfizer dose, but stressed that its recommendations could change if new evidence shows more people need a booster. But \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-science-health-coronavirus-vaccine-95b8d9a432b60fe0e9713adf75dde0ee\">CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky ultimately chose not to follow the advisory panel's judgement\u003c/a> on the issue of boosters and high-risk jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How did the thinking on booster shots change?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even before the FDA's advisory panel delivered their judgement on the Pfizer vaccine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1976811/why-some-fda-scientists-are-arguing-against-covid-boosters\">the FDA's own scientists were expressing their skepticism\u003c/a> about the need for booster shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said that \"data indicates that currently US-licensed or authorized COVID-19 vaccines still afford protection against severe COVID-19 disease and death in the United States.\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1976811/why-some-fda-scientists-are-arguing-against-covid-boosters\">As Matthew Herper and Helen Branswell wrote for STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication covering health, medicine and scientific discovery news:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"On one side are drug companies and some researchers, who point to data showing the efficacy of the vaccines to protect all infections is waning and that a third shot will provide additional protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On the other are those who point out that these vaccines are still keeping people out of the hospital and preventing them from dying, indicating that a booster is not needed yet.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Remember, the FDA panel's vote specifically related to whether a third shot of the Pfizer vaccine is necessary for most people. In voting against the plan, the panel was not saying the vaccine itself is unsafe, and was certainly not trying to cast any doubt on the general efficacy of the vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reiterate, yet again, the COVID-19 vaccines work! And while breakthrough cases in vaccinated people do happen, the vaccines vastly reduce the risk of hospitalization or death. If you haven't got your first shots yet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11855623/where-can-i-get-a-covid-19-vaccine-in-the-bay-area-your-questions-answered\">here's how to find a COVID-19 vaccine near you\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11885536\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11885536 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49573_007_PortofOakland_Vaccination_05272021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing purple gloves flicks a needle inserted upside-down into a vial.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49573_007_PortofOakland_Vaccination_05272021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49573_007_PortofOakland_Vaccination_05272021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49573_007_PortofOakland_Vaccination_05272021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49573_007_PortofOakland_Vaccination_05272021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49573_007_PortofOakland_Vaccination_05272021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medical assistant Martha Velasquez from the Alameda Health System prepares a dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Does this mean boosters won't happen for the general public at all?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We just don't know right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/20/1038854813/fauci-on-the-disconnect-between-fda-panels-guidance-and-bidens-booster-plan\">the White House's chief medical adviser, Dr. Anthony Fauci, told NPR\u003c/a> that he expected more data to become available in the next few weeks that would \"actually modify and expand the recommendation\" for the use of boosters to more people. \"But for now we'll go with what the FDA advisory committee has recommended,\" Fauci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more vaccine coverage\" tag=\"covid-19-vaccine\"]Fauci \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/09/19/fauci-says-data-moderna-johnson-johnson-boosters-few-weeks-away-fda-review/\">said last week\u003c/a> that an FDA review of the Moderna and J&J vaccines was \"a few weeks away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the latest booster-related developments is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889227/johnson-johnson-says-its-covid-19-booster-shot-increases-protection-but-health-officials-have-yet-to-approve\">the release of data from Johnson & Johnson on its own COVID-19 vaccine booster shot\u003c/a>. Trials show that people who receive a J&J booster shot are better protected against the coronavirus for a longer period of time than those who just get one shot, according to the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 22, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/science-health-coronavirus-pandemic-coronavirus-vaccine-203d8c288858e815175880753cbc9b8f\">a panel of advisers to the CDC met\u003c/a> to discuss the question of \u003cem>who \u003c/em>should be offered a COVID-19 booster. This panel, officially known as the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), considered implementing a more limited booster initiative specifically targeting older populations or people whose jobs put them at higher risk of catching or spreading the virus — like front-line health care workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members of the CDC panel also questioned whether the existing data sufficiently demonstrated the need for booster shots at all, and advocated for postponing any such booster plans until more evidence was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How quickly might booster shots be more broadly available?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Again, whether it's Pfizer, Moderna or J&J, any COVID-19 vaccine has to first be reviewed by the FDA's advisory panel and decide whether or not to authorize a booster. This is the process that has now resulted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/20/1038854813/fauci-on-the-disconnect-between-fda-panels-guidance-and-bidens-booster-plan\">the FDA's authorization of the Pfizer vaccine for certain groups.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, and a similar CDC review process, the Western States Scientific Safety Review Workgroup — which represents California, Nevada, Washington and Oregon — independently reviews the agencies' recommendations. Only then can any of the COVID-19 vaccine boosters be distributed in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even setting aside the time frame needed for the FDA and the CDC to review all the available data, be aware that scheduling a third shot could be more confounding, in certain ways, than the process of getting the initial ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember that the Biden administration's revised goal was to get booster shots in people's arms six months after receiving their last COVID-19 vaccinations. But because the COVID-19 vaccines rolled out at different times for different groups of people — in California and elsewhere — everyone would then have a different date for receiving their potential third shot based on when they got their previous one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also the matter of which COVID-19 vaccine you originally got. As we're seeing, the process of Pfizer, Moderna and J&J releasing their own trial results — which are then \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11888987/fda-advisers-vote-against-pfizer-covid-booster\">reviewed by FDA and CDC advisory panels \u003c/a>— is not a coordinated one. So there's the possibility that booster shots could be available for one type of COVID-19 vaccine well before another.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nIn addition, the FDA's choice to follow its advisory panel's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11888987/fda-advisers-vote-against-pfizer-covid-booster\">endorsement of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine for people 65 and older\u003c/a>, or those at elevated risk — as opposed to the general public — is a strong indication we'll see a booster rollout that's staggered based on eligibility. And that will likely require complex logistical planning and accessibility considerations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the FDA panel's specific recommendation last week on eligibility, San Francisco Department of Public Health officials said they were already anticipating \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885531/covid-booster-shots-to-roll-out-in-september-in-the-u-s-health-officials-say\">a phased rollout\u003c/a> similar to how the vaccine was initially distributed: prioritizing the most vulnerable, in collaboration with our health care and pharmacy partners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid all this is also the ethical issue of Americans getting third shots of the COVID-19 vaccine while so many other people around the world have been unable to access even their first one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top scientists at the World Health Organization met the White House's August announcement on booster shots with bitter objections. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885531/covid-booster-shots-to-roll-out-in-september-in-the-u-s-health-officials-say\">\"We're planning to hand out extra life jackets to people who already have life jackets\u003c/a>, while we're leaving other people to drown without a single life jacket,\" said Dr. Michael Ryan, executive director of the WHO's emergencies program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889098 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A close-up of the label on a small glass vial, with a silver-colored cap, of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1704\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A vial of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine at a pop-up vaccine clinic in the Arleta neighborhood of Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Aren't third shots already available for some people?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Immunocompromised people who already got two doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine can now get a third shot to boost their protection from COVID-19. This is a separate initiative that predates the Biden administration's proposal on offering booster shots more broadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, only a very small group of people with compromised immune systems qualify for this third dose — many serious conditions, like diabetes or heart disease, are not currently included. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/immuno.html\">Read the CDC's list clarifying exactly who is eligible.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you \u003cem>do\u003c/em> qualify for a booster shot, we have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11855623/where-can-i-get-a-covid-19-vaccine-in-the-bay-area-your-questions-answered#where\">more information on how to make your appointment\u003c/a>, plus \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885225/immunocompromised-and-considering-a-3rd-covid-vaccine-6-things-to-know\">information that immunocompromised people considering the third shot may wish to consider\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "COVID-19 vaccine booster shots were meant to roll out to the general public this week. We look at why this timeline changed — and how soon we might see those third shots after all.",
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"description": "COVID-19 vaccine booster shots were meant to roll out to the general public this week. We look at why this timeline changed — and how soon we might see those third shots after all.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Note: Pfizer COVID vaccine booster shots are now available for certain eligible groups. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890031/where-can-i-get-a-pfizer-covid-booster-shot-near-me-heres-whos-eligible\">Find out who can get a Pfizer booster shot, and how to make an appointment near you.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You're not imagining it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in mid-August, U.S. health officials announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885531/covid-booster-shots-to-roll-out-in-september-in-the-u-s-health-officials-say\">plans to offer COVID-19 booster shots to all Americans\u003c/a>, starting as early as this week (Sept. 20).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn't happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the Food and Drug Administration has now \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889660/the-fda-oks-pfizer-biontech-booster-for-people-65-or-at-high-risk-for-severe-covid\">authorized a booster dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus vaccine\u003c/a> for people age 65 and older and certain other groups, with \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-science-health-coronavirus-vaccine-95b8d9a432b60fe0e9713adf75dde0ee\">endorsement from the CDC\u003c/a>, you could be forgiven for wondering: What happened to this previous timeline? When could we actually see booster shots roll out? And who might get them first?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>I thought booster shots for all were starting Sept. 20? What changed?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885531/covid-booster-shots-to-roll-out-in-september-in-the-u-s-health-officials-say\">The original White House booster plan\u003c/a> for the general public, announced on Aug. 18, called for an extra dose eight months after getting the second shot of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11888987/fda-advisers-vote-against-pfizer-covid-booster\">That time frame was since revised\u003c/a> to six months.) The one-shot Johnson & Johnson vaccine was not included in the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the last several weeks since the Biden administration's announcement, a lot has changed. According to The New York Times, the projected September time frame \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/03/us/politics/coronavirus-booster-shots.html\">\"set off alarm bells\"\u003c/a> among officials in the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/03/us/politics/coronavirus-booster-shots.html\">top federal health officials allegedly warned the White House\u003c/a> that it should scale back its booster-shot plan, the NY Times reported. Representatives from the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention purportedly told the Biden administration they would need more time to review all the available data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers have been conducting their own research into the efficacy of booster shots for their particular vaccines. The next stage on the road to booster-shot approval for any particular manufacturer is a review by an advisory panel of experts convened by the FDA. This panel is a part of the FDA's overall evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of a third dose, which is also being reviewed by a CDC advisory panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889483\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889483 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51555_GettyImages-1334915315-qut.jpg\" alt=\"President Biden speaks at a podium.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51555_GettyImages-1334915315-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51555_GettyImages-1334915315-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51555_GettyImages-1334915315-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51555_GettyImages-1334915315-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51555_GettyImages-1334915315-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Aug. 18, 2021, U.S. President Biden announced a plan for Americans to receive a booster shot against COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>But now we have \u003cem>one\u003c/em> approved vaccine booster, right?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yes. On Sept. 22, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889660/the-fda-oks-pfizer-biontech-booster-for-people-65-or-at-high-risk-for-severe-covid\">the FDA authorized a booster dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.\u003c/a> But this booster shot only applies to people who have gotten the Pfizer vaccine for their first two shots, and who:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Are 65 and older\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Are at high risk of experiencing severe COVID-19 symptoms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Have jobs or institutional exposure to the virus that puts them at high risk of contracting COVID-19\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The FDA says that a third shot can be given at least six months after completion of a person's last Pfizer shot. On Sept. 24, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-science-health-coronavirus-vaccine-95b8d9a432b60fe0e9713adf75dde0ee\">the CDC formally signed off on the plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means these eligible groups will be able to get their Pfizer booster shot in California soon. The Western States Scientific Safety Review Workgroup — which represents California, Nevada, Washington and Oregon — will now independently review the FDA and CDC recommendations, and only then can any of the coronavirus vaccine boosters be distributed in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This FDA authorization comes after the organization's advisory panel met Sept. 17 and voted 16-2 \u003cem>against\u003c/em> a plan to use Pfizer boosters for people 16 and older. The same experts did, however, vote 18-0 in support of the FDA authorizing a booster for people 65 and older or at high risk of severe COVID-19. The FDA typically follows the advice of its advisory committees — although they're not required to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 23, the CDC's own advisory panel met to make specific recommendations about use of this Pfizer booster. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/09/23/1040078971/cdc-covid-19-pfizer-boosters-adults-guidance\">The CDC panel aligned with the FDA authorization\u003c/a> in all respects, except for disagreeing with the FDA on the question of people whose jobs are more likely to expose them to COVID, such as health care workers and teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee said that these people should \u003cem>not\u003c/em> yet be allowed to receive an extra Pfizer dose, but stressed that its recommendations could change if new evidence shows more people need a booster. But \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-science-health-coronavirus-vaccine-95b8d9a432b60fe0e9713adf75dde0ee\">CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky ultimately chose not to follow the advisory panel's judgement\u003c/a> on the issue of boosters and high-risk jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How did the thinking on booster shots change?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even before the FDA's advisory panel delivered their judgement on the Pfizer vaccine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1976811/why-some-fda-scientists-are-arguing-against-covid-boosters\">the FDA's own scientists were expressing their skepticism\u003c/a> about the need for booster shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said that \"data indicates that currently US-licensed or authorized COVID-19 vaccines still afford protection against severe COVID-19 disease and death in the United States.\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1976811/why-some-fda-scientists-are-arguing-against-covid-boosters\">As Matthew Herper and Helen Branswell wrote for STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication covering health, medicine and scientific discovery news:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"On one side are drug companies and some researchers, who point to data showing the efficacy of the vaccines to protect all infections is waning and that a third shot will provide additional protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On the other are those who point out that these vaccines are still keeping people out of the hospital and preventing them from dying, indicating that a booster is not needed yet.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Remember, the FDA panel's vote specifically related to whether a third shot of the Pfizer vaccine is necessary for most people. In voting against the plan, the panel was not saying the vaccine itself is unsafe, and was certainly not trying to cast any doubt on the general efficacy of the vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reiterate, yet again, the COVID-19 vaccines work! And while breakthrough cases in vaccinated people do happen, the vaccines vastly reduce the risk of hospitalization or death. If you haven't got your first shots yet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11855623/where-can-i-get-a-covid-19-vaccine-in-the-bay-area-your-questions-answered\">here's how to find a COVID-19 vaccine near you\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11885536\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11885536 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49573_007_PortofOakland_Vaccination_05272021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing purple gloves flicks a needle inserted upside-down into a vial.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49573_007_PortofOakland_Vaccination_05272021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49573_007_PortofOakland_Vaccination_05272021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49573_007_PortofOakland_Vaccination_05272021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49573_007_PortofOakland_Vaccination_05272021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49573_007_PortofOakland_Vaccination_05272021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medical assistant Martha Velasquez from the Alameda Health System prepares a dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Does this mean boosters won't happen for the general public at all?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We just don't know right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/20/1038854813/fauci-on-the-disconnect-between-fda-panels-guidance-and-bidens-booster-plan\">the White House's chief medical adviser, Dr. Anthony Fauci, told NPR\u003c/a> that he expected more data to become available in the next few weeks that would \"actually modify and expand the recommendation\" for the use of boosters to more people. \"But for now we'll go with what the FDA advisory committee has recommended,\" Fauci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Fauci \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/09/19/fauci-says-data-moderna-johnson-johnson-boosters-few-weeks-away-fda-review/\">said last week\u003c/a> that an FDA review of the Moderna and J&J vaccines was \"a few weeks away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the latest booster-related developments is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889227/johnson-johnson-says-its-covid-19-booster-shot-increases-protection-but-health-officials-have-yet-to-approve\">the release of data from Johnson & Johnson on its own COVID-19 vaccine booster shot\u003c/a>. Trials show that people who receive a J&J booster shot are better protected against the coronavirus for a longer period of time than those who just get one shot, according to the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 22, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/science-health-coronavirus-pandemic-coronavirus-vaccine-203d8c288858e815175880753cbc9b8f\">a panel of advisers to the CDC met\u003c/a> to discuss the question of \u003cem>who \u003c/em>should be offered a COVID-19 booster. This panel, officially known as the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), considered implementing a more limited booster initiative specifically targeting older populations or people whose jobs put them at higher risk of catching or spreading the virus — like front-line health care workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members of the CDC panel also questioned whether the existing data sufficiently demonstrated the need for booster shots at all, and advocated for postponing any such booster plans until more evidence was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How quickly might booster shots be more broadly available?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Again, whether it's Pfizer, Moderna or J&J, any COVID-19 vaccine has to first be reviewed by the FDA's advisory panel and decide whether or not to authorize a booster. This is the process that has now resulted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/20/1038854813/fauci-on-the-disconnect-between-fda-panels-guidance-and-bidens-booster-plan\">the FDA's authorization of the Pfizer vaccine for certain groups.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, and a similar CDC review process, the Western States Scientific Safety Review Workgroup — which represents California, Nevada, Washington and Oregon — independently reviews the agencies' recommendations. Only then can any of the COVID-19 vaccine boosters be distributed in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even setting aside the time frame needed for the FDA and the CDC to review all the available data, be aware that scheduling a third shot could be more confounding, in certain ways, than the process of getting the initial ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember that the Biden administration's revised goal was to get booster shots in people's arms six months after receiving their last COVID-19 vaccinations. But because the COVID-19 vaccines rolled out at different times for different groups of people — in California and elsewhere — everyone would then have a different date for receiving their potential third shot based on when they got their previous one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also the matter of which COVID-19 vaccine you originally got. As we're seeing, the process of Pfizer, Moderna and J&J releasing their own trial results — which are then \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11888987/fda-advisers-vote-against-pfizer-covid-booster\">reviewed by FDA and CDC advisory panels \u003c/a>— is not a coordinated one. So there's the possibility that booster shots could be available for one type of COVID-19 vaccine well before another.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nIn addition, the FDA's choice to follow its advisory panel's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11888987/fda-advisers-vote-against-pfizer-covid-booster\">endorsement of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine for people 65 and older\u003c/a>, or those at elevated risk — as opposed to the general public — is a strong indication we'll see a booster rollout that's staggered based on eligibility. And that will likely require complex logistical planning and accessibility considerations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the FDA panel's specific recommendation last week on eligibility, San Francisco Department of Public Health officials said they were already anticipating \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885531/covid-booster-shots-to-roll-out-in-september-in-the-u-s-health-officials-say\">a phased rollout\u003c/a> similar to how the vaccine was initially distributed: prioritizing the most vulnerable, in collaboration with our health care and pharmacy partners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid all this is also the ethical issue of Americans getting third shots of the COVID-19 vaccine while so many other people around the world have been unable to access even their first one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top scientists at the World Health Organization met the White House's August announcement on booster shots with bitter objections. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885531/covid-booster-shots-to-roll-out-in-september-in-the-u-s-health-officials-say\">\"We're planning to hand out extra life jackets to people who already have life jackets\u003c/a>, while we're leaving other people to drown without a single life jacket,\" said Dr. Michael Ryan, executive director of the WHO's emergencies program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889098 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A close-up of the label on a small glass vial, with a silver-colored cap, of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1704\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234837929-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A vial of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine at a pop-up vaccine clinic in the Arleta neighborhood of Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Aren't third shots already available for some people?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Immunocompromised people who already got two doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine can now get a third shot to boost their protection from COVID-19. This is a separate initiative that predates the Biden administration's proposal on offering booster shots more broadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, only a very small group of people with compromised immune systems qualify for this third dose — many serious conditions, like diabetes or heart disease, are not currently included. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/immuno.html\">Read the CDC's list clarifying exactly who is eligible.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you \u003cem>do\u003c/em> qualify for a booster shot, we have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11855623/where-can-i-get-a-covid-19-vaccine-in-the-bay-area-your-questions-answered#where\">more information on how to make your appointment\u003c/a>, plus \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885225/immunocompromised-and-considering-a-3rd-covid-vaccine-6-things-to-know\">information that immunocompromised people considering the third shot may wish to consider\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11889790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: a retro-looking poster with smiling school kids that reads, \"California, requiring vaccines to attend school, since 1962.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1431\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final-800x596.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final-1020x760.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final-160x119.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final-1536x1145.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified on Wednesday became \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreousdvaccines\">the first school district in Northern California to require a COVID-19 vaccine for students\u003c/a> 12 and up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Health and Human Services Secretary Dr. Mark Ghaly left open the possibility that a statewide mandate may be on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1960s, \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Polio.pdf\">legislators enacted a law that required a polio vaccine to attend school\u003c/a> in the state. They did so only after a campaign to incentivize students to voluntarily get the shot fell short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sound familiar?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11889846\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: an old-timey looking poster with smiling school kids that reads, \"California, requiring vaccines to attend school since 1889.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1431\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final-800x596.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final-1020x760.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final-160x119.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final-1536x1145.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon further research, I found that \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/4/e20192551\">the very first California law that required a vaccine to attend school was way back in 1889\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People battled over these early vaccine mandates in the courts for years, it wasn’t until the 1960s and the polio vaccine that the state mandates really took hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I guess that goes to show you just how effective vaccine mandates are that I forgot about a once prevalent horrible disease called smallpox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11889790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: a retro-looking poster with smiling school kids that reads, \"California, requiring vaccines to attend school, since 1962.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1431\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final-800x596.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final-1020x760.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final-160x119.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_092321_final-1536x1145.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified on Wednesday became \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreousdvaccines\">the first school district in Northern California to require a COVID-19 vaccine for students\u003c/a> 12 and up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Health and Human Services Secretary Dr. Mark Ghaly left open the possibility that a statewide mandate may be on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1960s, \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Polio.pdf\">legislators enacted a law that required a polio vaccine to attend school\u003c/a> in the state. They did so only after a campaign to incentivize students to voluntarily get the shot fell short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sound familiar?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11889846\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: an old-timey looking poster with smiling school kids that reads, \"California, requiring vaccines to attend school since 1889.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1431\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final-800x596.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final-1020x760.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final-160x119.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/requiring_1889_092421_final-1536x1145.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon further research, I found that \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/4/e20192551\">the very first California law that required a vaccine to attend school was way back in 1889\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People battled over these early vaccine mandates in the courts for years, it wasn’t until the 1960s and the polio vaccine that the state mandates really took hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I guess that goes to show you just how effective vaccine mandates are that I forgot about a once prevalent horrible disease called smallpox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Oakland Board of Education voted late Wednesday to require district students 12 and older to be vaccinated against the coronavirus as a prerequisite for attending in-person school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move makes Oakland Unified the first school district in Northern California to adopt a student vaccine requirement. It follows similar mandates imposed earlier this month by Los Angeles Unified, the state’s largest school district, and the smaller Southern California district of Culver City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other school boards in the Bay Area are considering similar measures, including West Contra Costa County Unified and Berkeley Unified, as schools try to navigate in-person instruction amid ongoing concerns over the highly contagious delta variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11889297 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/RS42264_006_KQED_Pittsburg_MaliaJohnson_03242020-qut-1020x680.jpg']The plan in Oakland, which serves about 50,000 students, will require all students age 12 and older to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 unless they are granted medical or “personal belief” exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution does not specify a timeline or say how students’ vaccination status will be tracked. It requires OUSD Superintendent Kyla Johnson-Trammell to “develop recommendations for enforcement of this vaccine requirement” and report them to the board by October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Davis, the school board vice president who \u003ca href=\"https://ousd.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=5126010&GUID=8D190D58-237F-4085-8620-499EFCBB54FC&Options=&Search=\">introduced the vaccine resolution\u003c/a>, cited district data showing that 40% of the \u003ca href=\"https://dashboards.ousd.org/views/COVIDCaseDashboard/SchoolLevelData?%3Aembed=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">positive cases \u003c/a>have involved students in middle and high schools, who are old enough to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that if more students were vaccinated, those numbers would go down really sharply,” he said. “That’s what’s creating the urgency around this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no data on how many students are already vaccinated in Oakland Unified, but in the city of Oakland, 54% of 12- to 17-year-olds are fully vaccinated, and 71% have received at least one dose, according to data cited in the school board’s proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis says the district’s efforts to reach more high school students, including mobile vaccine clinics and free donuts, simply aren’t getting enough traction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he sees the resolution as a starting point. “It just feels like this is an urgent conversation that we need to have,” he said. “And I know it’s a hard conversation, but I don’t want to shy away from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vocal critics of the vaccine mandate — including the school board president, Shanthi Gonzales — say the plan could easily backfire, exposing the district to major litigation and driving a significant number of students out of the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will push more students to distance learning, where we don’t have space for more students,” she said in a statement. “Or worse, to charters or other districts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School board member Mike Hutchinson, who also opposes the new requirement, says any such mandate should come from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re talking about potentially thousands of students being told that you can’t attend school until you get this vaccination,” said Hutchinson. “That makes me nervous that some families will respond by not attending school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some education officials also have questioned the legality of mandating the coronavirus vaccine for students under 16 while it’s still under emergency use authorization. Currently, only the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine has been granted full FDA authorization, and only for those 16 and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California currently requires public school staff to either be vaccinated or submit to weekly testing starting Oct. 15, but there is no similar statewide rule regarding students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked at a Thursday media briefing if the state is considering requiring eligible schoolchildren to be vaccinated to attend in-person classes, Dr. Mark Ghaly, California’s secretary of health and human services, said there is “no definitive action or decision” right now. But he left open the possibility of such a mandate, noting that students have \u003ca href=\"https://www.shotsforschool.org/k-12/\">long been required\u003c/a> to receive vaccinations against other viruses — including polio, hepatitis B, measles and diphtheria — to attend school in person.[aside tag=\"education\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]“We’re watching the experience in Los Angeles, understanding what it means for students and families alike, staff as well, and watching as other counties consider the same,” he said. “So that conversation is happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond has \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/culver-city-unified-mandates-covid-vaccine-for-students-possibly-the-states-first/659929\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expressed support\u003c/a> for mandatory student vaccination, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/fauci-backs-covid-19-vaccine-mandate-us-school-children-2021-08-29/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">as has Dr. Anthony Fauci\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/lifestyle-health-education-coronavirus-pandemic-only-on-ap-0440d83602da918c571d506a3de9f44b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">poll by the Associated Press\u003c/a> found that 6 out of 10 Americans support requiring vaccines for eligible students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Oakland’s new requirement is likely to face significant backlash among students and families who are already on the fence about the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClymonds High School student L’Shawna Fletcher, 14, says she thinks a vaccine mandate will keep more students out of class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody’s just gonna choose to go home instead of getting the vaccine,” she said. “My mom don’t even want me with the vaccine. I would have to do distance learning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For parent advocate Lakisha Young, the resolution also raises equity concerns. “Looking at the data, our families would probably have the most challenges meeting the requirement,” said Young, who runs The Oakland REACH, an organization that helps support the needs of many of the district’s families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Black, Latino, and lower-income residents are \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/projects/california-coronavirus-cases-tracking-outbreak/covid-19-vaccines-distribution/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">significantly less likely\u003c/a> to be vaccinated than white residents, data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I was a board member and I knew these communities were less likely to be vaccinated, I’d be going to them to say, ‘How does this impact you?'” she said. “Why not make sure that you understand and hear from them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes additional reporting from the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Oakland Board of Education voted late Wednesday to require district students 12 and older to be vaccinated against the coronavirus as a prerequisite for attending in-person school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move makes Oakland Unified the first school district in Northern California to adopt a student vaccine requirement. It follows similar mandates imposed earlier this month by Los Angeles Unified, the state’s largest school district, and the smaller Southern California district of Culver City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other school boards in the Bay Area are considering similar measures, including West Contra Costa County Unified and Berkeley Unified, as schools try to navigate in-person instruction amid ongoing concerns over the highly contagious delta variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The plan in Oakland, which serves about 50,000 students, will require all students age 12 and older to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 unless they are granted medical or “personal belief” exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution does not specify a timeline or say how students’ vaccination status will be tracked. It requires OUSD Superintendent Kyla Johnson-Trammell to “develop recommendations for enforcement of this vaccine requirement” and report them to the board by October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Davis, the school board vice president who \u003ca href=\"https://ousd.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=5126010&GUID=8D190D58-237F-4085-8620-499EFCBB54FC&Options=&Search=\">introduced the vaccine resolution\u003c/a>, cited district data showing that 40% of the \u003ca href=\"https://dashboards.ousd.org/views/COVIDCaseDashboard/SchoolLevelData?%3Aembed=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">positive cases \u003c/a>have involved students in middle and high schools, who are old enough to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that if more students were vaccinated, those numbers would go down really sharply,” he said. “That’s what’s creating the urgency around this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no data on how many students are already vaccinated in Oakland Unified, but in the city of Oakland, 54% of 12- to 17-year-olds are fully vaccinated, and 71% have received at least one dose, according to data cited in the school board’s proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis says the district’s efforts to reach more high school students, including mobile vaccine clinics and free donuts, simply aren’t getting enough traction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he sees the resolution as a starting point. “It just feels like this is an urgent conversation that we need to have,” he said. “And I know it’s a hard conversation, but I don’t want to shy away from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vocal critics of the vaccine mandate — including the school board president, Shanthi Gonzales — say the plan could easily backfire, exposing the district to major litigation and driving a significant number of students out of the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will push more students to distance learning, where we don’t have space for more students,” she said in a statement. “Or worse, to charters or other districts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School board member Mike Hutchinson, who also opposes the new requirement, says any such mandate should come from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re talking about potentially thousands of students being told that you can’t attend school until you get this vaccination,” said Hutchinson. “That makes me nervous that some families will respond by not attending school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some education officials also have questioned the legality of mandating the coronavirus vaccine for students under 16 while it’s still under emergency use authorization. Currently, only the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine has been granted full FDA authorization, and only for those 16 and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California currently requires public school staff to either be vaccinated or submit to weekly testing starting Oct. 15, but there is no similar statewide rule regarding students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked at a Thursday media briefing if the state is considering requiring eligible schoolchildren to be vaccinated to attend in-person classes, Dr. Mark Ghaly, California’s secretary of health and human services, said there is “no definitive action or decision” right now. But he left open the possibility of such a mandate, noting that students have \u003ca href=\"https://www.shotsforschool.org/k-12/\">long been required\u003c/a> to receive vaccinations against other viruses — including polio, hepatitis B, measles and diphtheria — to attend school in person.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We’re watching the experience in Los Angeles, understanding what it means for students and families alike, staff as well, and watching as other counties consider the same,” he said. “So that conversation is happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond has \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/culver-city-unified-mandates-covid-vaccine-for-students-possibly-the-states-first/659929\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expressed support\u003c/a> for mandatory student vaccination, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/fauci-backs-covid-19-vaccine-mandate-us-school-children-2021-08-29/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">as has Dr. Anthony Fauci\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/lifestyle-health-education-coronavirus-pandemic-only-on-ap-0440d83602da918c571d506a3de9f44b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">poll by the Associated Press\u003c/a> found that 6 out of 10 Americans support requiring vaccines for eligible students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Oakland’s new requirement is likely to face significant backlash among students and families who are already on the fence about the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClymonds High School student L’Shawna Fletcher, 14, says she thinks a vaccine mandate will keep more students out of class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody’s just gonna choose to go home instead of getting the vaccine,” she said. “My mom don’t even want me with the vaccine. I would have to do distance learning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For parent advocate Lakisha Young, the resolution also raises equity concerns. “Looking at the data, our families would probably have the most challenges meeting the requirement,” said Young, who runs The Oakland REACH, an organization that helps support the needs of many of the district’s families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Black, Latino, and lower-income residents are \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/projects/california-coronavirus-cases-tracking-outbreak/covid-19-vaccines-distribution/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">significantly less likely\u003c/a> to be vaccinated than white residents, data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I was a board member and I knew these communities were less likely to be vaccinated, I’d be going to them to say, ‘How does this impact you?'” she said. “Why not make sure that you understand and hear from them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes additional reporting from the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "a-research-model-predicts-a-steady-decline-in-covid-19-cases-nationwide-but-local-experts-advise-caution",
"title": "A Research Model Predicts a Steady Decline in COVID-19 Cases Nationwide, but Local Experts Advise Caution",
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"headTitle": "A Research Model Predicts a Steady Decline in COVID-19 Cases Nationwide, but Local Experts Advise Caution | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The latest analysis from the \u003ca href=\"https://covid19scenariomodelinghub.org/index.html\">COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub\u003c/a>, a consortium of researchers advising the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, suggests that cases and deaths nationwide likely will decline steadily now through the spring without a significant winter surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modelers developed four potential scenarios, taking into account whether or not childhood vaccinations take off and whether a more infectious new variant should emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hub researchers shared with NPR that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/09/22/1039272244/is-the-worst-over-modelers-predict-a-steady-decline-in-covid-cases-through-march\">the most likely scenario is that children under 12 get vaccinated and no new super-spreading variant emerges\u003c/a>. In that case, the combo model forecasts that new infections would slowly, but fairly continuously, drop from about 140,000 a day now to about 9,000 a day by March 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/covid-delta-model-20210722/cases.html?initialWidth=763&childId=responsive-embed-covid-delta-model-20210722-cases&parentTitle=Modelers%20Project%20A%20Calming%20Of%20The%20Pandemic%20In%20The%20U.S.%20This%20Winter%20%3A%20Shots%20-%20Health%20News%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2021%2F09%2F22%2F1039272244%2Fis-the-worst-over-modelers-predict-a-steady-decline-in-covid-cases-through-march\" width=\"1000\" height=\"780\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deaths from COVID-19 would fall from about 1,500 a day now to fewer than 100 a day by March 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s around the level U.S. cases and deaths were in late March 2020 when the pandemic just started to flare up in the U.S. That scenario is also better compared to this summer when many thought the pandemic was waning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this may provide relief to some, researchers from the modeling hub and public health experts in the Bay Area present a clear caveat: The model makes several assumptions, and multiple existing variables could throw it all off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any of us who have been following this closely, given what happened with delta, are going to be really cautious about too much optimism,” said Justin Lessler, researcher with the University of North Carolina, who helps run the hub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lessler is especially worried about Pennsylvania, for example, and he notes that in some Western states like Idaho and Utah, there’s a risk of resurgence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/covid-delta-model-20210722/deaths.html?initialWidth=763&childId=responsive-embed-covid-delta-model-20210722-deaths&parentTitle=Modelers%20Project%20A%20Calming%20Of%20The%20Pandemic%20In%20The%20U.S.%20This%20Winter%20%3A%20Shots%20-%20Health%20News%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2021%2F09%2F22%2F1039272244%2Fis-the-worst-over-modelers-predict-a-steady-decline-in-covid-cases-through-march\" width=\"1000\" height=\"780\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even California could lose the hard-fought progress it’s made against the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’ve seen at many moments during the pandemic is that California, as a state, is doing better than the country as a whole,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/joshua-salomon\">Dr. Joshua Salomon\u003c/a>, professor of health policy at Stanford, adding that the Bay Area is doing better than the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the CDC, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889417/which-state-has-the-lowest-virus-transmission-rate-in-the-country-california\">California is reporting 94 cases per 100,000 residents \u003c/a>and fits into what the public health agency considers “substantial” coronavirus transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11889417\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306754904-1020x695.jpg\"]Compare that to other large states, like Texas and Florida, that are looking at figures twice, and in some cases three times, as big as California’s. Florida counts approximately 296 cases per 100,000 residents while Texas registers 386 per 100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High vaccination rates and strict public health restrictions are what’s behind these numbers, Salomon says: “In the Bay Area counties, there’s been a little more aggressive policies to try to contain transmission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Salomon is cautious. What this model forecasts — after all — is only a prediction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at how well these long-term predictions have done in the past, there have been some pretty spectacular misses,” he said, adding that the model largely depends on whether enough children get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Sept. 21, no pharmaceutical company has received approval from the federal government to distribute its COVID-19 vaccine to kids under 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/kirsten.bibbins-domingo\">Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo\u003c/a>, professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at UCSF, takes the model’s predictions positively but added that this is not the moment to let one’s guard down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anyone is thinking that the virus magically disappears,” she said. “Don’t look at this model and think, ‘I don’t need to be vaccinated or there will never be a need for masks again.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She lists off three unknowns that could complicate the model: the arrival of winter and the potential surge that colder weather entails, the rise of another highly contagious variant like delta and the disparity of vaccination rates across California and the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wintertime is still a little bit of a danger zone because we tend to go inside during the winter months and the virus seems to like the weather of the cooler months,” she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite seeing new case numbers drop during the fall of last year, infections spiked across the country once winter arrived. On Jan. 9 of this year, \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/#county-statewide\">California reported 28,514 new infections — the highest number of cases in a single day for the state\u003c/a>. Three days later, on Jan. 12, the state reached its highest number of deaths in a single day: 702.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='coronavirus']California has come a long way since then. It now ranks as one of the states with the highest vaccination rates in the country: \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/\">Approximately 69.5% of residents have received both doses.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new variant could appear among the unvaccinated population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As long as the virus is circulating, new variants pop up,” Bibbins-Domingo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is why, she adds, it’s so important public health officials keep prioritizing vaccinations, especially among the areas in California with the lowest vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that in California there is a lot of variation across the state,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our coastal areas, particularly the big cities like San Francisco, have high vaccination rates and have weathered the delta surge fairly well, but the middle of the state, like the San Joaquin Valley, still have a lot of people at the hospital right now and they have lower vaccination rates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County, in the heart of the San Joaquin Valley, is currently reporting \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/#location-kern\">a seven-day average of 34.1 new coronavirus cases per 100,000\u003c/a>, three times \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/#location-san_francisco\">what San Francisco reported\u003c/a> in the same period — 10.8 cases per 100,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, UCSF\"]‘What this means is that vulnerable communities … will still be vulnerable as long as this virus continues to exist in our midst.’[/pullquote]Kern also lags behind urban areas on vaccinations. More than three-quarters of eligible residents in the most populated Bay Area counties — San Francisco, Santa Clara and Alameda — are fully vaccinated. In Kern County, that number remains below 50%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t view that model as saying, ‘The pandemic is over,'” Bibbins-Domingo explains. From her point of view, the vaccination gap between the big cities and rural communities may represent a bigger issue of health inequity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this means is that vulnerable communities, whether that is low-income communities … or communities in the northern part of the state or in the eastern part of the state … will still be vulnerable as long as this virus continues to exist in our midst,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí and NPR’s Rob Stein and Carmel Wroth.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The latest analysis from the \u003ca href=\"https://covid19scenariomodelinghub.org/index.html\">COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub\u003c/a>, a consortium of researchers advising the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, suggests that cases and deaths nationwide likely will decline steadily now through the spring without a significant winter surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modelers developed four potential scenarios, taking into account whether or not childhood vaccinations take off and whether a more infectious new variant should emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hub researchers shared with NPR that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/09/22/1039272244/is-the-worst-over-modelers-predict-a-steady-decline-in-covid-cases-through-march\">the most likely scenario is that children under 12 get vaccinated and no new super-spreading variant emerges\u003c/a>. In that case, the combo model forecasts that new infections would slowly, but fairly continuously, drop from about 140,000 a day now to about 9,000 a day by March 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/covid-delta-model-20210722/cases.html?initialWidth=763&childId=responsive-embed-covid-delta-model-20210722-cases&parentTitle=Modelers%20Project%20A%20Calming%20Of%20The%20Pandemic%20In%20The%20U.S.%20This%20Winter%20%3A%20Shots%20-%20Health%20News%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2021%2F09%2F22%2F1039272244%2Fis-the-worst-over-modelers-predict-a-steady-decline-in-covid-cases-through-march\" width=\"1000\" height=\"780\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deaths from COVID-19 would fall from about 1,500 a day now to fewer than 100 a day by March 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s around the level U.S. cases and deaths were in late March 2020 when the pandemic just started to flare up in the U.S. That scenario is also better compared to this summer when many thought the pandemic was waning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this may provide relief to some, researchers from the modeling hub and public health experts in the Bay Area present a clear caveat: The model makes several assumptions, and multiple existing variables could throw it all off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any of us who have been following this closely, given what happened with delta, are going to be really cautious about too much optimism,” said Justin Lessler, researcher with the University of North Carolina, who helps run the hub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lessler is especially worried about Pennsylvania, for example, and he notes that in some Western states like Idaho and Utah, there’s a risk of resurgence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/covid-delta-model-20210722/deaths.html?initialWidth=763&childId=responsive-embed-covid-delta-model-20210722-deaths&parentTitle=Modelers%20Project%20A%20Calming%20Of%20The%20Pandemic%20In%20The%20U.S.%20This%20Winter%20%3A%20Shots%20-%20Health%20News%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2021%2F09%2F22%2F1039272244%2Fis-the-worst-over-modelers-predict-a-steady-decline-in-covid-cases-through-march\" width=\"1000\" height=\"780\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even California could lose the hard-fought progress it’s made against the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’ve seen at many moments during the pandemic is that California, as a state, is doing better than the country as a whole,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/joshua-salomon\">Dr. Joshua Salomon\u003c/a>, professor of health policy at Stanford, adding that the Bay Area is doing better than the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the CDC, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889417/which-state-has-the-lowest-virus-transmission-rate-in-the-country-california\">California is reporting 94 cases per 100,000 residents \u003c/a>and fits into what the public health agency considers “substantial” coronavirus transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Compare that to other large states, like Texas and Florida, that are looking at figures twice, and in some cases three times, as big as California’s. Florida counts approximately 296 cases per 100,000 residents while Texas registers 386 per 100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High vaccination rates and strict public health restrictions are what’s behind these numbers, Salomon says: “In the Bay Area counties, there’s been a little more aggressive policies to try to contain transmission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Salomon is cautious. What this model forecasts — after all — is only a prediction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at how well these long-term predictions have done in the past, there have been some pretty spectacular misses,” he said, adding that the model largely depends on whether enough children get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Sept. 21, no pharmaceutical company has received approval from the federal government to distribute its COVID-19 vaccine to kids under 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/kirsten.bibbins-domingo\">Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo\u003c/a>, professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at UCSF, takes the model’s predictions positively but added that this is not the moment to let one’s guard down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anyone is thinking that the virus magically disappears,” she said. “Don’t look at this model and think, ‘I don’t need to be vaccinated or there will never be a need for masks again.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She lists off three unknowns that could complicate the model: the arrival of winter and the potential surge that colder weather entails, the rise of another highly contagious variant like delta and the disparity of vaccination rates across California and the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wintertime is still a little bit of a danger zone because we tend to go inside during the winter months and the virus seems to like the weather of the cooler months,” she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite seeing new case numbers drop during the fall of last year, infections spiked across the country once winter arrived. On Jan. 9 of this year, \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/#county-statewide\">California reported 28,514 new infections — the highest number of cases in a single day for the state\u003c/a>. Three days later, on Jan. 12, the state reached its highest number of deaths in a single day: 702.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>California has come a long way since then. It now ranks as one of the states with the highest vaccination rates in the country: \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/\">Approximately 69.5% of residents have received both doses.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new variant could appear among the unvaccinated population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As long as the virus is circulating, new variants pop up,” Bibbins-Domingo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is why, she adds, it’s so important public health officials keep prioritizing vaccinations, especially among the areas in California with the lowest vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that in California there is a lot of variation across the state,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our coastal areas, particularly the big cities like San Francisco, have high vaccination rates and have weathered the delta surge fairly well, but the middle of the state, like the San Joaquin Valley, still have a lot of people at the hospital right now and they have lower vaccination rates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County, in the heart of the San Joaquin Valley, is currently reporting \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/#location-kern\">a seven-day average of 34.1 new coronavirus cases per 100,000\u003c/a>, three times \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/#location-san_francisco\">what San Francisco reported\u003c/a> in the same period — 10.8 cases per 100,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘What this means is that vulnerable communities … will still be vulnerable as long as this virus continues to exist in our midst.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Kern also lags behind urban areas on vaccinations. More than three-quarters of eligible residents in the most populated Bay Area counties — San Francisco, Santa Clara and Alameda — are fully vaccinated. In Kern County, that number remains below 50%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t view that model as saying, ‘The pandemic is over,'” Bibbins-Domingo explains. From her point of view, the vaccination gap between the big cities and rural communities may represent a bigger issue of health inequity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this means is that vulnerable communities, whether that is low-income communities … or communities in the northern part of the state or in the eastern part of the state … will still be vulnerable as long as this virus continues to exist in our midst,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí and NPR’s Rob Stein and Carmel Wroth.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Oakland Unified’s Board of Education is considering a proposal that would require all students 12 and older to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Some say it’s a necessary step to make schools safer, while others worry that it will create another barrier to in-person learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution could be voted on as early as tonight, and if passed, OUSD would become the first district in Northern California to mandate vaccines for students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ousd.org/Page/15597\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">OUSD’s Board of Education meeting today starts at 4 p.m.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guest\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://twitter.com/vanessarancano\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vanessa Rancaño\u003c/a>, KQED education reporter\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3CBwLKx\">Episode transcript\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"embed-code\" class=\"inconsolata\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC3449707158&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Follow \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay\">\u003ci>The Bay\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> to hear more local Bay Area stories like this one. New episodes are released Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 3 a.m. Find The Bay on \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452?mt=2\">\u003ci>Apple Podcasts\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ\">\u003ci>Spotify\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay\">\u003ci>Stitcher\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, NPR One or via \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/KQED-The-Bay-Flash-Briefing/dp/B07H6YYV23\">\u003ci>Alexa\u003c/i>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>People who receive a Johnson & Johnson coronavirus vaccine booster shot are better protected against COVID-19 for a longer period of time, according to the pharmaceutical company’s latest trial results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine has been found to be 66% protective against moderate and severe disease overall worldwide and 72% protective against such cases in the U.S. But when a person receives a booster shot two months after getting the pharmaceutical company’s one-dose vaccine, the protection against COVID-19 increases to 94%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A booster shot at six months provides a 12-fold increase in antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11818312\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS50676_007_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_08172021-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]The company previously shared earlier evidence from this trial that people who received its one-shot vaccine could benefit from a booster shot after six months. The information shared Tuesday was part of the company’s Phase 3 trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our large real-world-evidence and Phase 3 studies confirm that the single-shot Johnson & Johnson vaccine provides strong and long-lasting protection against COVID-19-related hospitalizations. Additionally, our Phase 3 trial data further confirms protection against COVID-19-related death,” said Mathai Mammen, global head of research and development for Janssen, Johnson & Johnson’s pharmaceutical division, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts have said coronavirus boosters will be needed down the road because the efficacy of these vaccines, including the two-dose Pfizer and Moderna shots, wanes over time. Johnson & Johnson’s trial data provides further support that a COVID-19 booster shot could go a long way in providing continued protection from the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our single-shot vaccine generates strong immune responses and long-lasting immune memory. And, when a booster of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine is given, the strength of protection against COVID-19 further increases,” Mammen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer’s own data indicates booster shots can restore its vaccine’s efficacy to 95%. A third dose of the Moderna vaccine, given six months after the initial two doses, also significantly boosts immunity, according to the company’s data.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Health officials have yet to give the green light\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite President Biden’s earlier announcement that the U.S. plans to get booster shots in the arms of already vaccinated Americans, it’s unclear when health officials would approve such a move for the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11885225\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/gettyimages-1234511960_custom-8db10d9e64f2a642bf78df0e5af734fae14aa52d-1020x703.jpg\"]Health officials have already recommended \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11888987/fda-advisers-vote-against-pfizer-covid-booster\">a third shot of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine for a more limited population\u003c/a> — people who are moderately to severely immunocompromised. But last week, the Food and Drug Administration recommended against approval of a booster dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for people 16 years and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ruling didn’t weigh in on a Johnson & Johnson booster shot, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says it has provided available data to the FDA and plans to submit the data to other regulators, the World Health Organization and national immunization technical advisory groups, or NITAGs, worldwide to inform decision-making on vaccine administration strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from Johnson & Johnson’s booster trial showed strong protection against severe COVID-19 infections soon after the second dose was administered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='More on vaccines' tag='coronavirus-vaccine']At least 28 days after a patient received the second Johnson & Johnson shot, data showed at least 75% overall efficacy against severe or critical COVID-19 infections, across all age cohorts and all countries included in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically for the U.S., the company reported a 74% efficacy against critical COVID-19 infections. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The company previously shared earlier evidence from this trial that people who received its one-shot vaccine could benefit from a booster shot after six months. The information shared Tuesday was part of the company’s Phase 3 trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our large real-world-evidence and Phase 3 studies confirm that the single-shot Johnson & Johnson vaccine provides strong and long-lasting protection against COVID-19-related hospitalizations. Additionally, our Phase 3 trial data further confirms protection against COVID-19-related death,” said Mathai Mammen, global head of research and development for Janssen, Johnson & Johnson’s pharmaceutical division, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts have said coronavirus boosters will be needed down the road because the efficacy of these vaccines, including the two-dose Pfizer and Moderna shots, wanes over time. Johnson & Johnson’s trial data provides further support that a COVID-19 booster shot could go a long way in providing continued protection from the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our single-shot vaccine generates strong immune responses and long-lasting immune memory. And, when a booster of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine is given, the strength of protection against COVID-19 further increases,” Mammen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer’s own data indicates booster shots can restore its vaccine’s efficacy to 95%. A third dose of the Moderna vaccine, given six months after the initial two doses, also significantly boosts immunity, according to the company’s data.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/domesticflight_092021_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11889190\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/domesticflight_092021_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: a passenger plane labeled, \"international flight\" with arrows showing vaccinated passengers. The second frame shows a domestic flight with passengers labeled \"vaccinated,\" \"unvaccinated\" and \"on horse dewormer.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1378\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/domesticflight_092021_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/domesticflight_092021_final-800x574.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/domesticflight_092021_final-1020x732.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/domesticflight_092021_final-160x115.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/domesticflight_092021_final-1536x1102.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreign nationals who want to fly to the United States \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fiorevaccinesairtravel\">will be required to show proof of coronavirus vaccination\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, vaccination currently is not required for anyone on a domestic flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I sure hope this will \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/16/1038032203/health-officials-wonder-why-bidens-mandate-didnt-also-require-vaccination-to-tra?utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=npr&utm_term=nprnews&utm_source=twitter.com\">soon be changing\u003c/a>, since it seems pretty silly we’re checking passengers for nail clippers and bottled water — but not for vaccine status as we struggle to fight \u003ca href=\"https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html\">a pandemic that has killed over 675,000 people in this country\u003c/a> alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11887821\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: Kamala Harris \"campaigning for Newsom\" juxtaposed with an image of a COVID character campaigning for GOP candidates who oppose mask & vaccine mandates.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1402\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final-800x584.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final-1020x745.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final-160x117.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final-1536x1122.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the last day to vote in California's recall election less than a week away, Vice President Kamala Harris campaigned for Gov. Gavin Newsom in the Bay Area on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11849397/next-time-order-in\">Newsom was an idiot to attend the infamous French Laundry soirée\u003c/a>, but it would be even more idiotic to elect a replacement governor who would overturn face mask and vaccine mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one likes getting jabbed by a needle or having to wear a face mask — and most of the Republican candidates for governor seem to be counting on that fact while campaigning — but public health should come before winning over an exhausted and annoyed electorate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you haven't voted yet, here is how you can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885994/newsom-recall-election-find-your-early-voting-site-or-ballot-drop-off-location\">cast your ballot either in person or by mail\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11887821\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: Kamala Harris \"campaigning for Newsom\" juxtaposed with an image of a COVID character campaigning for GOP candidates who oppose mask & vaccine mandates.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1402\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final-800x584.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final-1020x745.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final-160x117.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/campaigning_090821_final-1536x1122.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the last day to vote in California's recall election less than a week away, Vice President Kamala Harris campaigned for Gov. Gavin Newsom in the Bay Area on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11849397/next-time-order-in\">Newsom was an idiot to attend the infamous French Laundry soirée\u003c/a>, but it would be even more idiotic to elect a replacement governor who would overturn face mask and vaccine mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one likes getting jabbed by a needle or having to wear a face mask — and most of the Republican candidates for governor seem to be counting on that fact while campaigning — but public health should come before winning over an exhausted and annoyed electorate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you haven't voted yet, here is how you can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885994/newsom-recall-election-find-your-early-voting-site-or-ballot-drop-off-location\">cast your ballot either in person or by mail\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11887291\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final.png\" alt='Cartoon reads, \"vote!\" because they definitely will. An arrow points to a crowd with anti-mask, anti-vaccine signs.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1295\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final-800x540.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final-1020x688.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final-160x108.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final-1536x1036.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886431/democratic-voters-tuning-into-recall-election-poll-finds\">outlook for Gov. Gavin Newsom may be improving according to recent polling\u003c/a>, but it’s still a tight race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fiorerecallballotdrop\">handy tips for finding an early voting location or ballot drop-off location\u003c/a> near you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course not all voters who want to recall Newsom are conspiratorial anti-vaccine, anti-face mask advocates — but polls indicate the vast majority of them support Larry Elder, the leading candidate who says he’ll roll back all vaccine and mask mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Republican candidates, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11872483/the-campaign-bearly-started\">like John Cox (you know, the one with the bear)\u003c/a>, are also campaigning against public health measures that Newsom has enacted during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11887291\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final.png\" alt='Cartoon reads, \"vote!\" because they definitely will. An arrow points to a crowd with anti-mask, anti-vaccine signs.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1295\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final-800x540.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final-1020x688.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final-160x108.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/votebecause_090121_final-1536x1036.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886431/democratic-voters-tuning-into-recall-election-poll-finds\">outlook for Gov. Gavin Newsom may be improving according to recent polling\u003c/a>, but it’s still a tight race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fiorerecallballotdrop\">handy tips for finding an early voting location or ballot drop-off location\u003c/a> near you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course not all voters who want to recall Newsom are conspiratorial anti-vaccine, anti-face mask advocates — but polls indicate the vast majority of them support Larry Elder, the leading candidate who says he’ll roll back all vaccine and mask mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Republican candidates, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11872483/the-campaign-bearly-started\">like John Cox (you know, the one with the bear)\u003c/a>, are also campaigning against public health measures that Newsom has enacted during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "nurse-shortages-in-california-reaching-crisis-point",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the past month, four emergency room nurses — exhausted by the onslaught of patients and emotional turmoil wrought by COVID-19 — have quit at the Eureka hospital where Matt Miele works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miele, who has been a trauma nurse for four years, is actively looking for a less stressful nursing position and has colleagues who are, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the bad days, I think, ‘What am I doing and is this what I want to be doing?'” Miele said. “It’s shifting me to my core.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around California — and the nation — nurses are trading in high-pressure jobs for a career change, early retirement or less demanding assignments, leading to staffing shortages in many hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals are struggling to comply with the state’s nurse staffing requirements as pandemic-induced burnout has exacerbated an already chronic nursing shortage nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But burnout isn’t the only thing compounding California’s nursing shortage: The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/08/california-healthcare-vaccinations-mandate/\">new vaccine mandate for health care workers\u003c/a> is already causing headaches for understaffed hospitals before it is even implemented. Some traveling nurses — who are in high demand nationwide — are turning down California assignments because they don’t want to get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals say they are reaching a crisis point, straining under the dual forces of more people seeking routine care and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2020/04/california-coronavirus-covid-patient-hospitalization-data-icu/\">surging COVID-19 hospitalizations\u003c/a> driven by the delta variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Dr. Tom Sugarman, Emergency Physician\"]‘There’s not enough staff to keep beds open, and patients can languish waiting.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes at hospitals there are long waits and long delays,” said Dr. Tom Sugarman, an emergency physician in the East Bay and senior director of government affairs at Vituity, a physicians’ group. “There’s not enough staff to keep beds open, and patients can languish waiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March 2020, the California Department of Public Health \u003ca href=\"https://files.covid19.ca.gov/pdf/Aya-healthcare-inc-CDPH.pdf\">contracted with Aya Healthcare\u003c/a> — one of the nation’s largest traveling nurse providers — to pay up to $1 billion over six months to help hospitals meet nursing and other clinical staff shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department officials did not respond to multiple requests about the number of hospitals now seeking emergency staffing, and would not release the updated contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/8.16.21-EO-N-12-21.pdf\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> reinstating emergency provisions aimed at ensuring adequate staffing. In part, the order allows health care workers from out of state to work in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Unprecedented staff shortages\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, nursing shortages were common in most areas of the state, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://oshpd.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Registered-Nurse-Shortage-Areas-Report.pdf\">Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the pandemic has stretched resources to a breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals, some with \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/08/california-covid/\">more COVID-19 patients now than during the winter surge\u003c/a>, say they are confronting unprecedented staffing shortages, particularly among nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of our hospitals are saying staffing is a big problem,” said Lois Richardson, attorney for the California Hospital Association. “We have fewer personnel than at the beginning of the pandemic and more patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Lois Richardson, California Hospital Association\"]‘We have fewer personnel than at the beginning of the pandemic and more patients.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The staffing shortage is so severe that Scripps Health is considering temporarily consolidating some of its outpatient centers. Scripps, which has five hospitals and 28 outpatient clinics in the San Diego area, told CalMatters that it is serving nearly 20% more patients on average than before the pandemic. At the same time, job openings at the hospitals have increased 57% since August 2019. For nursing jobs alone, vacancies have increased 96%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had some staff leave the organization or leave the industry as a whole because they’re burned out,” said Eric Cole, corporate senior vice president of human resources for Scripps. “They’ll wake up in the morning and call off the shift. They’ve done as much as they can do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emotional and physical exhaustion is the primary reason nurses are fleeing the bedside, experts say. It has been a long and brutal 18 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought the pandemic would be over soon and could take time later to deal with our emotions,” said Zenei Triunfo-Cortez, president of National Nurses United, the largest nursing union in the country, which has more than 100,000 members in its California association. “Then the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/01/california-hospitals-covid-cases/\">second surge\u003c/a> hit, and the third and now it’s the fourth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Lynn Briggs, an ICU nurse in Bakersfield, said that of the dozens of COVID-19 patients she has treated since the pandemic began, only three have survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some days coming home from the hospital I yell at God, I yell at myself, I yell at COVID and cry. And that’s all before I pull into my driveway,” Briggs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her workplace has lost more staff than they can hire, and that means the ones who are left have to pick up the slack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Mary Lynn Briggs, ICU Nurse\"]‘Some days coming home from the hospital I yell at God, I yell at myself, I yell at COVID and cry. And that’s all before I pull into my driveway.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been multiple nights where I swear I am tired and I need a night off, and then I get a call from somebody saying we’re going to give the nurse three patients, so I go in because I don’t want anyone to work out of ratio,” Briggs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Out of ratio” means that a nurse is assigned too many patients. California is the only state that caps the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/what-does-california-ratios-law-actually-require\">number of patients that can be assigned to a single nurse\u003c/a>. Under state requirements, for instance, an ICU nurse can have no more than two patients and an emergency room nurse, no more than four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, during the winter surge, emergency waivers for the ratios were granted to hospitals throughout the state, allowing ICU nurses to see three patients, for instance. Critics say the conditions threatened patient safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s order last week did not reinstate the waivers of the nurse-patient ratios, which expired on Feb. 8. Individual facilities, however, can still apply for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would not be surprised if they reapply for waivers,” union president Triunfo-Cortez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state health department did not respond to requests seeking information on whether hospitals have applied for staffing waivers in response to the shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Vaccine mandate complicates staffing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hospital administrators worry that the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/08/california-healthcare-vaccinations-mandate/\">vaccine mandate\u003c/a> for health care workers, which goes into effect Sept. 30, could drive some of their workers out. Already, some report resistance among employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One hospital told us they had 474 unvaccinated employees. They did a big education and incentive push. Only 12 people signed up,” said Richardson, the hospital association’s attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=news_11883989,news_11882632,news_11885623]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administrators are particularly concerned about low vaccination rates among support staff like janitors and food service workers. However, some nurses also are wary of the COVID-19 vaccine. Some nurses with large social media followings have participated in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/vaccine-mandates-spread-protests-follow-spurred-nurses-rcna1654\">protests in Southern California\u003c/a>, arguing that the mandates violate their personal freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine order allows only for narrow religious and medical exemptions. Until Sept. 30, unvaccinated workers must undergo weekly COVID-19 testing. The state nursing association issued a statement saying “all eligible people should be vaccinated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California was first in the nation to impose a vaccine mandate for health care workers, other states have since joined in, but their mandates aren’t as broad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cole of Scripps Health said the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2021/07/california-vaccine-requirements-workers/\">testing requirement\u003c/a>, imposed this week, already has discouraged some out-of-state, traveling nurses from taking temporary jobs at California hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they don’t want to get vaccinated, they are turning down California assignments,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Traveling nurses in high demand\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To contend with local shortages, hospitals are increasingly turning to hiring temporary, traveling nurses from around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the past 18 months, Janet Stovall, a traveling ICU nurse for more than 20 years, has worked in hospitals in the Imperial Valley town of Brawley; Visalia; Wichita, Kan.; and now Folsom and Alameda — and all of them have been running on “very lean staffing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last night there were ambulances waiting just to get into the ER to be evaluated … They pulled a nurse from the ICU to help with the ER, and we worked without a charge nurse or a break nurse,” Stovall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stovall said traveling nurses like her are in high demand. At one hospital, “we hadn’t even finished orientation when the VP of patient services called and said, ‘You need to leave right now, test out of orientation, and be at work by 11 p.m.,'” Stovall said. “That’s how desperate they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Sophia Morris, Vice President of Account Management at Aya Healthcare\"]‘In the 16 years I’ve been in this space, I have never seen this high a need.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sophia Morris, vice president of account management at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ayahealthcare.com/\">Aya Healthcare\u003c/a>, said California has the second highest number of positions posted for nurses, exceeded only by Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide more than 52,000 temporary health care jobs are posted, and Aya is only able to fill about 3,000 per week, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the 16 years I’ve been in this space, I have never seen this high a need,” Morris said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That need is creating intense competition for a limited pool of nurses nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nurses are getting paid premiums to work in Texas and Florida where it’s surging right now,” Sugarman said. “Those nurses have to come from somewhere, and I wouldn’t be surprised if some are coming from California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals have been paying twice as much as pre-pandemic times for travelers, Morris said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To entice nurses to come to California, the state Department of Public Health agreed to pay up to $145 per hour for Aya’s ICU nurses and more if a facility had a “critical need.” Stovall, who works for Aya, said between October and December 2020, she was paid $10,000 per week with an additional $2,000 if she picked up an extra shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s working — but not without consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money is pulling full-time staff nurses into traveling positions, further aggravating the staffing shortage nationwide. Stovall, who is based in North Carolina, said her sister-in-law took a week’s vacation from a full-time nursing gig to pick up an $8,000 traveling contract. She also convinced a longtime friend, Candace Brim, to leave her staff position and travel during the height of the pandemic in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everywhere we go people ask, ‘Can we get your recruiter’s number? We’ve given it out 20 times,'” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More Coronavirus Coverage\" tag=\"coronavirus\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traveling has been key to helping them avoid burnout, Brim and Stovall said. It’s rewarding to be able to come in and “save the situation” at hospitals in dire need of extra hands, Brim said, and the money is good enough that they can afford to take weeks off at a time after difficult assignments. Their contracts in Folsom and Alameda last until Thanksgiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the time we finish our contract in November, we will have enough money to sit home the rest of November and December all through the holidays,” Stovall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time off has helped them cope with the somber realities of treating COVID-19 patients in the ICU: In the past seven months, every COVID patient Brim and Stovall treated has died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took care of about 65 COVID patients in Brawley and not a single one made it,” Stovall said. “We coded one every night. Before [COVID-19], you could make a difference in someone’s life. Now I will do anything for a patient, and it does not make a difference …Three days later they don’t make it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will so many nurses burn out and leave the profession that California will face long-term shortages? It’s possible. Pre-pandemic, one projection said California will be \u003ca href=\"https://bhw.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/bureau-health-workforce/data-research/nchwa-hrsa-nursing-report.pdf\">short more than 44,000 nurses\u003c/a> by 2030, while other studies suggested that there will be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.rn.ca.gov/pdfs/forms/forecast2019.pdf\">adequate supply of new graduates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1092px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11886461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/082421_travelingnurses_AW_sized_02-e1630013055384.jpeg\" alt=\"Nurses in scrubs stand in front of a hospital gurney\" width=\"1092\" height=\"728\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the past seven months, every COVID patient that Janet Stovall (left) and Candace Brim treated has died. “We took care of about 65 COVID patients in Brawley and not a single one made it,” Stovall said. “We coded one every night … Before [COVID], you could make a difference in someone’s life. Now I will do anything for a patient, and it does not make a difference.” \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Low staffing stresses out ER nurses\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Humboldt County, all floors are at full capacity at the hospital where ER nurse Miele works. Humboldt is one of the areas experiencing record-setting COVID-19 hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miele has had patients who waited 10 to 12 hours in the emergency room. Sometimes, the patients he checks on at 9:30 p.m. before he leaves are still in the waiting room the next morning when he returns to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me it seems like the lowest staffing levels that I’ve seen at the time we need it the most,” he said, adding that he frequently works at a patient-to-emergency-room-nurse ratio that exceeds the four-to-one required by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are triaged in the waiting room “like a mass casualty patient event,” getting their initial assessments and tests ordered before ever seeing the inside of an examination room. He said he worries because staff are unable to routinely monitor the patients in the waiting rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His hospital hasn’t yet rationed care by prioritizing who gets treated based on who is most likely to survive, but it is being discussed, Miele said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stress is part of the game when you sign up to be an emergency medicine RN,” he said, “but this is another level.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "COVID-19 burnout is driving many nurses to quit, and hospital administrators say the state’s new vaccine mandate is compounding the shortage.",
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"title": "Nurse Shortages in California Reaching Crisis Point | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the past month, four emergency room nurses — exhausted by the onslaught of patients and emotional turmoil wrought by COVID-19 — have quit at the Eureka hospital where Matt Miele works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miele, who has been a trauma nurse for four years, is actively looking for a less stressful nursing position and has colleagues who are, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the bad days, I think, ‘What am I doing and is this what I want to be doing?'” Miele said. “It’s shifting me to my core.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around California — and the nation — nurses are trading in high-pressure jobs for a career change, early retirement or less demanding assignments, leading to staffing shortages in many hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals are struggling to comply with the state’s nurse staffing requirements as pandemic-induced burnout has exacerbated an already chronic nursing shortage nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But burnout isn’t the only thing compounding California’s nursing shortage: The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/08/california-healthcare-vaccinations-mandate/\">new vaccine mandate for health care workers\u003c/a> is already causing headaches for understaffed hospitals before it is even implemented. Some traveling nurses — who are in high demand nationwide — are turning down California assignments because they don’t want to get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals say they are reaching a crisis point, straining under the dual forces of more people seeking routine care and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2020/04/california-coronavirus-covid-patient-hospitalization-data-icu/\">surging COVID-19 hospitalizations\u003c/a> driven by the delta variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘There’s not enough staff to keep beds open, and patients can languish waiting.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes at hospitals there are long waits and long delays,” said Dr. Tom Sugarman, an emergency physician in the East Bay and senior director of government affairs at Vituity, a physicians’ group. “There’s not enough staff to keep beds open, and patients can languish waiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March 2020, the California Department of Public Health \u003ca href=\"https://files.covid19.ca.gov/pdf/Aya-healthcare-inc-CDPH.pdf\">contracted with Aya Healthcare\u003c/a> — one of the nation’s largest traveling nurse providers — to pay up to $1 billion over six months to help hospitals meet nursing and other clinical staff shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department officials did not respond to multiple requests about the number of hospitals now seeking emergency staffing, and would not release the updated contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/8.16.21-EO-N-12-21.pdf\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> reinstating emergency provisions aimed at ensuring adequate staffing. In part, the order allows health care workers from out of state to work in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Unprecedented staff shortages\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, nursing shortages were common in most areas of the state, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://oshpd.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Registered-Nurse-Shortage-Areas-Report.pdf\">Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the pandemic has stretched resources to a breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals, some with \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/08/california-covid/\">more COVID-19 patients now than during the winter surge\u003c/a>, say they are confronting unprecedented staffing shortages, particularly among nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of our hospitals are saying staffing is a big problem,” said Lois Richardson, attorney for the California Hospital Association. “We have fewer personnel than at the beginning of the pandemic and more patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The staffing shortage is so severe that Scripps Health is considering temporarily consolidating some of its outpatient centers. Scripps, which has five hospitals and 28 outpatient clinics in the San Diego area, told CalMatters that it is serving nearly 20% more patients on average than before the pandemic. At the same time, job openings at the hospitals have increased 57% since August 2019. For nursing jobs alone, vacancies have increased 96%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had some staff leave the organization or leave the industry as a whole because they’re burned out,” said Eric Cole, corporate senior vice president of human resources for Scripps. “They’ll wake up in the morning and call off the shift. They’ve done as much as they can do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emotional and physical exhaustion is the primary reason nurses are fleeing the bedside, experts say. It has been a long and brutal 18 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought the pandemic would be over soon and could take time later to deal with our emotions,” said Zenei Triunfo-Cortez, president of National Nurses United, the largest nursing union in the country, which has more than 100,000 members in its California association. “Then the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/01/california-hospitals-covid-cases/\">second surge\u003c/a> hit, and the third and now it’s the fourth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Lynn Briggs, an ICU nurse in Bakersfield, said that of the dozens of COVID-19 patients she has treated since the pandemic began, only three have survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some days coming home from the hospital I yell at God, I yell at myself, I yell at COVID and cry. And that’s all before I pull into my driveway,” Briggs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her workplace has lost more staff than they can hire, and that means the ones who are left have to pick up the slack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Some days coming home from the hospital I yell at God, I yell at myself, I yell at COVID and cry. And that’s all before I pull into my driveway.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been multiple nights where I swear I am tired and I need a night off, and then I get a call from somebody saying we’re going to give the nurse three patients, so I go in because I don’t want anyone to work out of ratio,” Briggs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Out of ratio” means that a nurse is assigned too many patients. California is the only state that caps the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/what-does-california-ratios-law-actually-require\">number of patients that can be assigned to a single nurse\u003c/a>. Under state requirements, for instance, an ICU nurse can have no more than two patients and an emergency room nurse, no more than four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, during the winter surge, emergency waivers for the ratios were granted to hospitals throughout the state, allowing ICU nurses to see three patients, for instance. Critics say the conditions threatened patient safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s order last week did not reinstate the waivers of the nurse-patient ratios, which expired on Feb. 8. Individual facilities, however, can still apply for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would not be surprised if they reapply for waivers,” union president Triunfo-Cortez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state health department did not respond to requests seeking information on whether hospitals have applied for staffing waivers in response to the shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Vaccine mandate complicates staffing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hospital administrators worry that the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/08/california-healthcare-vaccinations-mandate/\">vaccine mandate\u003c/a> for health care workers, which goes into effect Sept. 30, could drive some of their workers out. Already, some report resistance among employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One hospital told us they had 474 unvaccinated employees. They did a big education and incentive push. Only 12 people signed up,” said Richardson, the hospital association’s attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administrators are particularly concerned about low vaccination rates among support staff like janitors and food service workers. However, some nurses also are wary of the COVID-19 vaccine. Some nurses with large social media followings have participated in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/vaccine-mandates-spread-protests-follow-spurred-nurses-rcna1654\">protests in Southern California\u003c/a>, arguing that the mandates violate their personal freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine order allows only for narrow religious and medical exemptions. Until Sept. 30, unvaccinated workers must undergo weekly COVID-19 testing. The state nursing association issued a statement saying “all eligible people should be vaccinated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California was first in the nation to impose a vaccine mandate for health care workers, other states have since joined in, but their mandates aren’t as broad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cole of Scripps Health said the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2021/07/california-vaccine-requirements-workers/\">testing requirement\u003c/a>, imposed this week, already has discouraged some out-of-state, traveling nurses from taking temporary jobs at California hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they don’t want to get vaccinated, they are turning down California assignments,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Traveling nurses in high demand\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To contend with local shortages, hospitals are increasingly turning to hiring temporary, traveling nurses from around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the past 18 months, Janet Stovall, a traveling ICU nurse for more than 20 years, has worked in hospitals in the Imperial Valley town of Brawley; Visalia; Wichita, Kan.; and now Folsom and Alameda — and all of them have been running on “very lean staffing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last night there were ambulances waiting just to get into the ER to be evaluated … They pulled a nurse from the ICU to help with the ER, and we worked without a charge nurse or a break nurse,” Stovall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stovall said traveling nurses like her are in high demand. At one hospital, “we hadn’t even finished orientation when the VP of patient services called and said, ‘You need to leave right now, test out of orientation, and be at work by 11 p.m.,'” Stovall said. “That’s how desperate they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sophia Morris, vice president of account management at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ayahealthcare.com/\">Aya Healthcare\u003c/a>, said California has the second highest number of positions posted for nurses, exceeded only by Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide more than 52,000 temporary health care jobs are posted, and Aya is only able to fill about 3,000 per week, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the 16 years I’ve been in this space, I have never seen this high a need,” Morris said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That need is creating intense competition for a limited pool of nurses nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nurses are getting paid premiums to work in Texas and Florida where it’s surging right now,” Sugarman said. “Those nurses have to come from somewhere, and I wouldn’t be surprised if some are coming from California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals have been paying twice as much as pre-pandemic times for travelers, Morris said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To entice nurses to come to California, the state Department of Public Health agreed to pay up to $145 per hour for Aya’s ICU nurses and more if a facility had a “critical need.” Stovall, who works for Aya, said between October and December 2020, she was paid $10,000 per week with an additional $2,000 if she picked up an extra shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s working — but not without consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money is pulling full-time staff nurses into traveling positions, further aggravating the staffing shortage nationwide. Stovall, who is based in North Carolina, said her sister-in-law took a week’s vacation from a full-time nursing gig to pick up an $8,000 traveling contract. She also convinced a longtime friend, Candace Brim, to leave her staff position and travel during the height of the pandemic in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everywhere we go people ask, ‘Can we get your recruiter’s number? We’ve given it out 20 times,'” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traveling has been key to helping them avoid burnout, Brim and Stovall said. It’s rewarding to be able to come in and “save the situation” at hospitals in dire need of extra hands, Brim said, and the money is good enough that they can afford to take weeks off at a time after difficult assignments. Their contracts in Folsom and Alameda last until Thanksgiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the time we finish our contract in November, we will have enough money to sit home the rest of November and December all through the holidays,” Stovall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time off has helped them cope with the somber realities of treating COVID-19 patients in the ICU: In the past seven months, every COVID patient Brim and Stovall treated has died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took care of about 65 COVID patients in Brawley and not a single one made it,” Stovall said. “We coded one every night. Before [COVID-19], you could make a difference in someone’s life. Now I will do anything for a patient, and it does not make a difference …Three days later they don’t make it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will so many nurses burn out and leave the profession that California will face long-term shortages? It’s possible. Pre-pandemic, one projection said California will be \u003ca href=\"https://bhw.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/bureau-health-workforce/data-research/nchwa-hrsa-nursing-report.pdf\">short more than 44,000 nurses\u003c/a> by 2030, while other studies suggested that there will be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.rn.ca.gov/pdfs/forms/forecast2019.pdf\">adequate supply of new graduates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1092px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11886461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/082421_travelingnurses_AW_sized_02-e1630013055384.jpeg\" alt=\"Nurses in scrubs stand in front of a hospital gurney\" width=\"1092\" height=\"728\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the past seven months, every COVID patient that Janet Stovall (left) and Candace Brim treated has died. “We took care of about 65 COVID patients in Brawley and not a single one made it,” Stovall said. “We coded one every night … Before [COVID], you could make a difference in someone’s life. Now I will do anything for a patient, and it does not make a difference.” \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Low staffing stresses out ER nurses\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Humboldt County, all floors are at full capacity at the hospital where ER nurse Miele works. Humboldt is one of the areas experiencing record-setting COVID-19 hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miele has had patients who waited 10 to 12 hours in the emergency room. Sometimes, the patients he checks on at 9:30 p.m. before he leaves are still in the waiting room the next morning when he returns to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me it seems like the lowest staffing levels that I’ve seen at the time we need it the most,” he said, adding that he frequently works at a patient-to-emergency-room-nurse ratio that exceeds the four-to-one required by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are triaged in the waiting room “like a mass casualty patient event,” getting their initial assessments and tests ordered before ever seeing the inside of an examination room. He said he worries because staff are unable to routinely monitor the patients in the waiting rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His hospital hasn’t yet rationed care by prioritizing who gets treated based on who is most likely to survive, but it is being discussed, Miele said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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