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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump plans to seal off the U.S-Mexico border to migrants under a law intended to protect the country from communicable disease — a move that comes as the U.S. immigration system grinds to a halt in response to the growing coronavirus pandemic. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press conference Wednesday, Trump said the southern border would not close completely. But the move would allow the administration to quickly deport asylum-seekers and other migrants who cross the U.S.-Mexico border illegally without due process. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the U.S. and Canada have\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/03/18/817459237/trump-blames-chinese-virus-as-coronavirus-speads-hurting-economy\"> agreed to close their mutual border\u003c/a> to all “non-essential” traffic, following earlier restrictions imposed by the Trump administration on travel from Europe and China. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dramatic developments on the northern and southern borders come as immigration is being curtailed in other ways, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Citizenship Services, the agency in charge of processing green card and citizenship applications as well as conducting asylum interviews, is closing its field offices to the public. Immigrants fighting deportation are having their cases postponed as some immigration courts are limiting dockets and others are closing. Refugee resettlement is temporarily suspended as well, according to the United Nations, because of the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are about 100 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico, and about 600 in Canada, compared to nearly 8,000 cases in the United States. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant advocates accuse the Trump administration of exploiting the pandemic to advance its crackdown on asylum-seekers, and the partial closure of the southern border where thousands have amassed in Mexico is sure to draw legal challenges. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Trump has been falsely scapegoating immigrant communities in the name of public safety since he came into office,” said Michelle Brané at the Women’s Refugee Commission. “This rule would unquestionably violate both domestic and international law and is an abdication of our moral responsibility to protect vulnerable people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, immigrant advocates and physicians who study detention facilities are calling on U.S. authorities to release detained immigrants who pose no threat to public safety — starting with detainees who have medical conditions that put them at high risk for severe complications from COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In immigration detention, there’s no such thing as social distancing. Detainees often live together, in large rooms with rows of cots. Immigrant advocates say that makes detention centers ideal breeding grounds for the virus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a disaster that is waiting to happen,” said Eunice Cho, a lawyer with the American Civil Liberties Union, which filed a lawsuit this week seeking the release of immigrants with a range of medical conditions who are detained by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in Tacoma, Washington. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Medical [problems] in ICE detention facilities are inadequate in normal times,” Cho said. “These are not normal times, and ICE needs to take stock of that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Coronavirus Coverage' tag='coronavirus']ICE is currently holding \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-management\">more than 37,000 immigrants\u003c/a> in its detention centers. Nearly half have been accused of no crime other than civil immigration violations, and many probably would not have been held under previous administrations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court cases involving ICE detainees will continue, despite \u003ca href=\"https://gothamist.com/news/attorneys-and-government-workers-call-shutting-down-immigration-courts\">calls to suspend all hearings\u003c/a> from the union representing immigration judges, prosecutors and immigration attorneys. Hearings for immigrants who are not in detention have been postponed until April. Immigration courts in New York, Atlanta, Houston and elsewhere will close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, ICE says it is taking precautions to protect detainees. The agency has temporarily suspended social visits at all of its detention centers. As of Tuesday, ICE says, there were no confirmed cases of COVID-19 in its detention facilities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in New Jersey, one staffer at the Elizabeth Detention Center has voluntarily self-quarantined after feeling ill, and has been tested for the COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would seem to be only a matter of time before the virus makes its way into these particular settings,” said Anwen Hughes, an attorney with the nonprofit Human Rights First who represents immigrants being held in Elizabeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s the opposite of social distancing” at the facility, Hughes said. “It’s like social piling on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just immigrant advocates who want to see ICE detainees released. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people think that, well, these are, you know, controlled locked facilities and you just lock them up and seal them off and the virus isn’t going to get in. Well, it’s not that simple,” said Dr. Josiah Rich, an epidemiologist at Brown University who studies infectious disease in correctional facilities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just the detainees who are at risk if there’s an outbreak, Rich says, because an influx of sick detainees could overwhelm local medical facilities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you’ll have a whole group of people that are going to be infected because of rapid spread in that correctional and detention facility,” he said. “And then all of sudden, those people will get sick all at once.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Immigration+Grinds+To+A+Halt+As+President+Trump+Shuts+Borders+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>ICE is currently holding \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-management\">more than 37,000 immigrants\u003c/a> in its detention centers. Nearly half have been accused of no crime other than civil immigration violations, and many probably would not have been held under previous administrations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court cases involving ICE detainees will continue, despite \u003ca href=\"https://gothamist.com/news/attorneys-and-government-workers-call-shutting-down-immigration-courts\">calls to suspend all hearings\u003c/a> from the union representing immigration judges, prosecutors and immigration attorneys. Hearings for immigrants who are not in detention have been postponed until April. Immigration courts in New York, Atlanta, Houston and elsewhere will close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, ICE says it is taking precautions to protect detainees. The agency has temporarily suspended social visits at all of its detention centers. As of Tuesday, ICE says, there were no confirmed cases of COVID-19 in its detention facilities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in New Jersey, one staffer at the Elizabeth Detention Center has voluntarily self-quarantined after feeling ill, and has been tested for the COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would seem to be only a matter of time before the virus makes its way into these particular settings,” said Anwen Hughes, an attorney with the nonprofit Human Rights First who represents immigrants being held in Elizabeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s the opposite of social distancing” at the facility, Hughes said. “It’s like social piling on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just immigrant advocates who want to see ICE detainees released. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people think that, well, these are, you know, controlled locked facilities and you just lock them up and seal them off and the virus isn’t going to get in. Well, it’s not that simple,” said Dr. Josiah Rich, an epidemiologist at Brown University who studies infectious disease in correctional facilities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just the detainees who are at risk if there’s an outbreak, Rich says, because an influx of sick detainees could overwhelm local medical facilities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you’ll have a whole group of people that are going to be infected because of rapid spread in that correctional and detention facility,” he said. “And then all of sudden, those people will get sick all at once.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Immigration+Grinds+To+A+Halt+As+President+Trump+Shuts+Borders+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Justices Allow 'Remain in Mexico' Asylum Policy to Continue",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Supreme Court on Wednesday said it would allow the Trump administration to continue enforcing a policy that makes asylum-seekers wait in Mexico for U.S. court hearings, despite lower court rulings that the policy is probably illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices' order, over a dissenting vote by Justice Sonia Sotomayor, overturns a lower court order that would have blocked the policy, at least for people arriving at the border crossings in Arizona and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lower court order was set to take effect on Thursday. Instead, the \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/remain-in-mexico\">Remain in Mexico\u003c/a>\" policy will remain in force while a lawsuit challenging it plays out in the courts, probably at least through the end of President Trump's term in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are heartbroken that 'Remain in Mexico,' a lethal policy that pushes thousands of vulnerable men, women, and children into dangerous situations without any access to due process, will remain in effect,” Jordan Cunnings, attorney at Innovation Law Lab — the main plaintiffs in the lawsuit challenging the order — said in a statement. [aside tag=\"remain-in-mexico\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The United States has a longstanding tradition of providing safe haven to people fleeing persecution. Through programs like Remain in Mexico, the Trump Administration is abandoning our moral obligations and practically eliminating the rights of refugees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step for the administration is to file a formal appeal with the Supreme Court. But the justices may not even consider the appeal until the fall and, if the case is granted full review, arguments would not be held until early 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high court action is the latest instance of the justices siding with the administration to allow \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11801856/9-ways-trump-has-overhauled-immigration-to-the-us\">Trump's immigration policies\u003c/a> to continue after lower courts had moved to halt them. Other cases include the travel ban on visitors from some largely Muslim countries, construction of the border wall and the \"wealth test\" for people seeking green cards. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco has ruled that the asylum policy, known officially as \"Migrant Protection Protocols,\" probably is illegal under U.S. law to prevent sending people to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened because of their race, religion, nationality, political beliefs or membership in a particular social group. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Attorney Jordan Cunnings']'The United States has a longstanding tradition of providing safe haven to people fleeing persecution. Through programs like 'Remain in Mexico,' the Trump Administration is abandoning our moral obligations and practically eliminating the rights of refugees.'[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60,000 asylum-seekers have been returned to Mexico to wait for their cases to wind through clogged U.S. immigration courts since the policy was introduced in January 2019 in San Diego, and later expanded across the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Court of Appeals unequivocally declared this policy to be illegal. The Supreme Court should as well,\" said Judy Rabinovitz, an American Civil Liberties Union lawyer who represents asylum-seekers and immigrant advocacy groups in the case. \"Asylum-seekers face grave danger and irreversible harm every day this depraved policy remains in effect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department said the high court's order restores \"the government's ability to manage the Southwest border and to work cooperatively with the Mexican government to address illegal immigration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human Rights First, an advocacy group that opposes the policy, said it found more than 1,000 public reports of kidnappings, torture, rape and assaults of asylum-seekers returned to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration said in court papers that more than 36,000 of the 60,000 cases had been resolved in immigration courts. Asylum has been granted in less than 1% of the cases that have been decided. Only 5% are represented by attorneys, many of whom are reluctant to visit clients in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration had argued that thousands of immigrants would rush the border if the high court didn't step in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Farida Jhabvala Romero contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Supreme Court on Wednesday said it would allow the Trump administration to continue enforcing a policy that makes asylum-seekers wait in Mexico for U.S. court hearings, despite lower court rulings that the policy is probably illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices' order, over a dissenting vote by Justice Sonia Sotomayor, overturns a lower court order that would have blocked the policy, at least for people arriving at the border crossings in Arizona and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lower court order was set to take effect on Thursday. Instead, the \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/remain-in-mexico\">Remain in Mexico\u003c/a>\" policy will remain in force while a lawsuit challenging it plays out in the courts, probably at least through the end of President Trump's term in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are heartbroken that 'Remain in Mexico,' a lethal policy that pushes thousands of vulnerable men, women, and children into dangerous situations without any access to due process, will remain in effect,” Jordan Cunnings, attorney at Innovation Law Lab — the main plaintiffs in the lawsuit challenging the order — said in a statement. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60,000 asylum-seekers have been returned to Mexico to wait for their cases to wind through clogged U.S. immigration courts since the policy was introduced in January 2019 in San Diego, and later expanded across the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Court of Appeals unequivocally declared this policy to be illegal. The Supreme Court should as well,\" said Judy Rabinovitz, an American Civil Liberties Union lawyer who represents asylum-seekers and immigrant advocacy groups in the case. \"Asylum-seekers face grave danger and irreversible harm every day this depraved policy remains in effect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department said the high court's order restores \"the government's ability to manage the Southwest border and to work cooperatively with the Mexican government to address illegal immigration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human Rights First, an advocacy group that opposes the policy, said it found more than 1,000 public reports of kidnappings, torture, rape and assaults of asylum-seekers returned to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration said in court papers that more than 36,000 of the 60,000 cases had been resolved in immigration courts. Asylum has been granted in less than 1% of the cases that have been decided. Only 5% are represented by attorneys, many of whom are reluctant to visit clients in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration had argued that thousands of immigrants would rush the border if the high court didn't step in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Farida Jhabvala Romero contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Is a Sanctuary State, But Some Police Aren't Following the Law, Attorneys Say",
"title": "California Is a Sanctuary State, But Some Police Aren't Following the Law, Attorneys Say",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>In Daly City last spring, police handed over an undocumented construction worker to immigration authorities after a routine traffic stop. The officer did not issue a traffic citation, but instead called U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement from his patrol car to report the man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Laguna Beach in 2018, police arrested a college student on suspicion of driving under the influence. They notified ICE and held him in a cell until two immigration agents arrived at the city jail, handcuffed him and drove him away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither man had been convicted of any crimes, and both should have been protected under California’s sanctuary law, said lawyers representing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incidents are among at least a dozen formal complaints alleging police, sheriffs or jail officials violated Senate Bill 54. Attorneys with the ACLU and the Asian Law Caucus say there could be many more cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\">SB 54\u003c/a>, known as the California Values Act, limits local law enforcement’s cooperation with federal immigration authorities to cases of serious convicted criminals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two years after SB 54 took effect, it remains controversial. This week, President Trump said the federal government will begin withholding law enforcement grants from sanctuary cities and states, after an appeals court in Manhattan ruled they have the authority to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, speaking before a sheriffs’ conference, U.S., Attorney General William Barr \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-william-p-barr-delivers-remarks-national-sheriffs-association-winter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced\u003c/a> a “significant escalation” in the federal government’s efforts to crack down on localities refusing to assist immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the Values Act has faced opposition from some local governments and a failed repeal initiative. The law has significantly decreased deportations from the state and protected potentially thousands of immigrants, but local law enforcement agencies don’t always comply, say attorneys tracking its implementation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California residents who are supposed to be protected by the law are not being protected in some cases,” said Jessica Bansal, an attorney with the ACLU of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement officials say they are trying their best to follow the law, but that it’s complex and confusing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Claim Alleges Laguna Beach Police Violated State Law\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Edgar Torres Gutierrez submitted a complaint in the fall of 2018. The college student has Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals that protects him from deportation. But Laguna Beach police unlawfully turned him over to ICE on June 3, 2018, according to the administrative claim he filed with Bansal’s help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres Gutierrez, now 29, had celebrated at the Pride Parade in Laguna Beach, where he lives, before he was arrested by a police officer on suspicion of DUI in the wee hours of the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a few drinks and I made a dumb mistake: I got in my vehicle and headed home,” said Torres Gutierrez, who attends Orange Coast College in Costa Mesa and has lived in the U.S. since age 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres Gutierrez, who had no criminal record at the time, was locked up at the Laguna Beach City Jail for about 15 hours. He expected to be released sooner, but ICE had filed a request for the jail to hold him, so immigration officials could arrest him there, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once two ICE agents arrived, they handcuffed him and drove him away in a van.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was scary. I was overwhelmed. I was confused,” said Torres Gutierrez, who didn’t understand why he was being arrested by ICE and erroneously feared the Trump administration had begun rounding up DACA recipients for deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under SB 54, California law enforcement may not detain people solely in response to a request by immigration authorities, or transfer people to ICE, unless those individuals were convicted of serious felonies or other crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Laguna Beach police held him for hours past the point at which they should have released him,” Bansal said. “Local law enforcement agencies are not allowed to transfer people to ICE with limited exceptions. And none of those exceptions apply in this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ICE agents drove Torres Gutierrez to a federal building in Los Angeles, where he was interrogated, but eventually let go after they realized he had DACA, said Bansal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the city of Laguna Beach \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.uci.edu/news/press-releases/2020/irc-daca-settlement.html\">settled\u003c/a> with Torres Gutierrez, agreeing to pay him $18,750 in damages, and to show all officers in its police department a new training video, approved by the ACLU, for the next two years. The city did not admit to any wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805359\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11805359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edgar Torres Gutierrez, 29, works one of his jobs at a real estate agency in Lake Forest, California, on Feb. 24, 2020. The DACA recipient won a settlement agreement with the city of Laguna Beach over claims that police unlawfully turned him over to ICE. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Robert Fraijo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Laguna Beach Police Chief Laura Farinella declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The terms of the settlement speak for themselves and we have nothing to add at this time,” Farinella said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres Gutierrez pleaded to the misdemeanor of reckless driving, and paid a fine of about $1,500, he said. His DACA status means that — unlike others who allege violations of SB 54 — he is not fighting deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other people might be too scared to even talk about this,” said Torres Gutierrez. “It's important for me to be vocal about this because it could help other people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Daly City Police May Have Violated Sanctuary Law\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Jose Armando Escobar Lopez was not so lucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 11, 2019, the construction worker was driving home with his girlfriend when he was stopped by police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escobar Lopez, a 21-year-old undocumented immigrant from El Salvador, did not have a criminal record, but he did have a pending deportation order that spurred the Daly City police officer to call ICE from his patrol car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 54 prohibits police and other law enforcement agencies from inquiring about a person’s immigration status, or using any resources for immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You're not supposed to be contacting ICE and reporting people you think are undocumented. That's also immigration enforcement,” said Angela Chan, policy director and a senior staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus in San Francisco, who represents Escobar Lopez in his administrative claim against Daly City and its police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police did not issue a traffic citation or explain why they arrested him, according to Escobar Lopez’s complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remained handcuffed at a Daly City police station for about two hours, the complaint said, until an officer transferred him to a room where an ICE agent met him and put chains around his waist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was so anxious I felt like throwing up,” said Escobar Lopez in Spanish. He added that he feared imminent deportation. “I don’t want to say goodbye to my girlfriend, my brother, my mom, my dad. All my family is here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805360\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11805360 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41822_Photo-Armando-by-Angela-Chan-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"349\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41822_Photo-Armando-by-Angela-Chan-qut-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41822_Photo-Armando-by-Angela-Chan-qut-1-160x87.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Armando Escobar Lopez speaks at a rally in San Francisco after his release from immigration detention on Aug. 9, 2019, as girlfriend Krisia Mondoza, his immigration attorney Jessica Yamane (right) and Carl Larsen Santos (left) listen. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Angela Chan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>ICE initially detained him at the Yuba County Jail and later transferred him to the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Center in Bakersfield, where he spent three months. He was released after immigration lawyer Jessica Yamane at Dolores Street Community Services in San Francisco intervened. He is currently fighting deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Daly City Police Department did not return KQED’s requests for comment on the case. But after public outcry, the city announced last summer it would investigate why police had detained Escobar Lopez and turned him over to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are people's lives that have been really significantly disrupted and in some cases ruined by violations of SB 54,” said Chan, who has filed additional complaints in the Bay Area since 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>More Claims Across the State\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In addition to Daly City and Laguna Beach, 10 other administrative claims allege violations of SB 54 by police departments in \u003ca href=\"https://www.pe.com/2019/06/12/aclu-files-1-million-claim-against-corona-police-after-immigrant-is-deported/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Corona\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/aclu_socal_maldonado_aguilar_20200110_huntington_park_claim.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Huntington Park\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/hernandez_roman_tustin_complaint_final_redacted.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tustin\u003c/a>, near Los Angeles; as well as jail deputies in \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/news/aclu-files-complaint-against-madera-county-violating-ca-values-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Madera\u003c/a> County, and sheriff departments in \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/alameda-sheriff-accused-of-violating-state-sanctuary-law/Content?oid=23673089&storyPage=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alameda\u003c/a>, Contra Costa, Marin, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article238039999.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sacramento\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/aclu_socal_hernandez_roman_20200110_oc_complaint_redacted.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Orange\u003c/a> counties. These complaints could be precursors to lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More cases could go unreported. “There could certainly be situations where an individual was turned over to ICE so quickly and deported that we were not alerted,” Chan said. “Unfortunately, there are cases we likely don't know about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the departments facing complaints declined to comment on the cases, sometimes citing pending investigations. But several stated that they followed the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have provided SB 54 protections to several hundred people since the law was passed,” said Ray Kelly, a spokesman with the Alameda County Sheriff’s Office. “We take this law very seriously and do everything possible to make sure those protections stay in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Immigrant Policy Center \u003ca href=\"https://caimmigrant.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Two-Years-of-Sanctuary-How-California-Law-Enforcement-Agencies-Continue-Working-with-ICE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> last year that more than 30 law enforcement agencies across the state continued to collaborate with federal immigration authorities “to facilitate the deportation of individuals who may be protected if the Values Act were thoroughly implemented.” The report found law enforcement officials were still giving immigration agents unfettered access to jails and providing office space for them, in violation of SB 54. The report also found information was being given in other ways — such as publicly posting the release dates of incarcerated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Understanding an 'Extremely Complicated' Law\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Critics of SB 54 say it has made it more difficult for police and sheriff's deputies to protect the public, in part because the law bars them from participating in task force operations with federal agencies if the primary goal is immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to be able to go after criminals, whether they are U.S. citizens or immigrants,” said Brian Marvel, president of the Peace Officers Research Association of California, which has about 75,000 members. “When you start hampering law enforcement's ability to go after predators ... I think that's an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Marvel said officers are not intentionally disregarding the California Values Act, which he said is “extremely complicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law allows officers to hand over people to ICE if they have been convicted of numerous crimes such as assault and child abuse, but only if the person was convicted within the past five years for misdemeanors, and 15 years for felonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unless you have some thorough training and explanation behind what you can and can't do, I think it's difficult to make sure that you follow this thing 100 percent,” said Marvel, a San Diego police officer for 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instructions on how officers should implement SB 54 are left to individual law enforcement agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training, established by the California Legislature in 1959, does not provide any guidance on the California Values Act, and it doesn’t track whether individual officers have received that training, said Meagan Catafi, a spokeswoman for the commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805373\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11805373\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Armando Escobar Lopez speaks with his attorney, Angela Chan, at the Asian Law Caucus in San Francisco, on Jan. 28, 2020. Escobar Lopez filed a complaint against Daly City alleging police violated SB 54 when they handed him over to ICE.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Assemblyman Miguel Santiago, who co-authored SB 54, said law enforcement agencies should be fully compliant by now. If they are not, he said the California attorney general should investigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will not defend any police department who is in violation of SB 54. I mean, the message is very loud and clear. You have to follow the law,” Santiago said. “And quite frankly, if it is determined that there is any wrongdoing ... the A.G. has the ability to enforce that law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Xavier Becerra’s office has issued \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/law_enforcement/dle-18-01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guidance\u003c/a> for law enforcement to comply. The office also collects and reports data from law enforcement agencies on the number of transfers to ICE, and participation on task forces with federal agencies, as required by the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all law enforcement agencies are giving this information to the state’s Department of Justice, according to a\u003ca href=\"https://openjustice.doj.ca.gov/resources/publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> report\u003c/a> by the Attorney General’s Office, released last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Attorney General’s Office declined KQED interview requests and won’t say whether it is investigating cases of alleged violations of SB 54.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Becerra is defending the law in state and federal court, including in a challenge by the Trump administration. Last April, a federal appeals court upheld the law, ruling it does not impede federal immigration enforcement. However, the U.S. Department of Justice asked the U.S. Supreme Court to strike it down. The justices are currently deciding whether to take up the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"immigration, sanctuary\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the 12 complaints filed by the ACLU or Asian Law Caucus attorneys ask cities and counties for monetary damages for the impacted individuals, most of whom are fighting deportation after their transfer to ICE. The complaints also seek changes to departments’ policies or training, said Chan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edgar Torres Gutierrez, the DACA recipient from Laguna Beach, said his experience further eroded his trust in the police. He said he hopes the settlement he achieved leads to changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're all part of this community and we rely on the police to serve and to protect. And that includes serving and protecting immigrants,” Torres Gutierrez said. “It's important that this is fixed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In Daly City last spring, police handed over an undocumented construction worker to immigration authorities after a routine traffic stop. The officer did not issue a traffic citation, but instead called U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement from his patrol car to report the man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Laguna Beach in 2018, police arrested a college student on suspicion of driving under the influence. They notified ICE and held him in a cell until two immigration agents arrived at the city jail, handcuffed him and drove him away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither man had been convicted of any crimes, and both should have been protected under California’s sanctuary law, said lawyers representing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incidents are among at least a dozen formal complaints alleging police, sheriffs or jail officials violated Senate Bill 54. Attorneys with the ACLU and the Asian Law Caucus say there could be many more cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\">SB 54\u003c/a>, known as the California Values Act, limits local law enforcement’s cooperation with federal immigration authorities to cases of serious convicted criminals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two years after SB 54 took effect, it remains controversial. This week, President Trump said the federal government will begin withholding law enforcement grants from sanctuary cities and states, after an appeals court in Manhattan ruled they have the authority to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, speaking before a sheriffs’ conference, U.S., Attorney General William Barr \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-william-p-barr-delivers-remarks-national-sheriffs-association-winter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced\u003c/a> a “significant escalation” in the federal government’s efforts to crack down on localities refusing to assist immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the Values Act has faced opposition from some local governments and a failed repeal initiative. The law has significantly decreased deportations from the state and protected potentially thousands of immigrants, but local law enforcement agencies don’t always comply, say attorneys tracking its implementation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California residents who are supposed to be protected by the law are not being protected in some cases,” said Jessica Bansal, an attorney with the ACLU of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement officials say they are trying their best to follow the law, but that it’s complex and confusing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Claim Alleges Laguna Beach Police Violated State Law\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Edgar Torres Gutierrez submitted a complaint in the fall of 2018. The college student has Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals that protects him from deportation. But Laguna Beach police unlawfully turned him over to ICE on June 3, 2018, according to the administrative claim he filed with Bansal’s help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres Gutierrez, now 29, had celebrated at the Pride Parade in Laguna Beach, where he lives, before he was arrested by a police officer on suspicion of DUI in the wee hours of the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a few drinks and I made a dumb mistake: I got in my vehicle and headed home,” said Torres Gutierrez, who attends Orange Coast College in Costa Mesa and has lived in the U.S. since age 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres Gutierrez, who had no criminal record at the time, was locked up at the Laguna Beach City Jail for about 15 hours. He expected to be released sooner, but ICE had filed a request for the jail to hold him, so immigration officials could arrest him there, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once two ICE agents arrived, they handcuffed him and drove him away in a van.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was scary. I was overwhelmed. I was confused,” said Torres Gutierrez, who didn’t understand why he was being arrested by ICE and erroneously feared the Trump administration had begun rounding up DACA recipients for deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under SB 54, California law enforcement may not detain people solely in response to a request by immigration authorities, or transfer people to ICE, unless those individuals were convicted of serious felonies or other crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Laguna Beach police held him for hours past the point at which they should have released him,” Bansal said. “Local law enforcement agencies are not allowed to transfer people to ICE with limited exceptions. And none of those exceptions apply in this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ICE agents drove Torres Gutierrez to a federal building in Los Angeles, where he was interrogated, but eventually let go after they realized he had DACA, said Bansal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the city of Laguna Beach \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.uci.edu/news/press-releases/2020/irc-daca-settlement.html\">settled\u003c/a> with Torres Gutierrez, agreeing to pay him $18,750 in damages, and to show all officers in its police department a new training video, approved by the ACLU, for the next two years. The city did not admit to any wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805359\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11805359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41823_IMG_6552-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edgar Torres Gutierrez, 29, works one of his jobs at a real estate agency in Lake Forest, California, on Feb. 24, 2020. The DACA recipient won a settlement agreement with the city of Laguna Beach over claims that police unlawfully turned him over to ICE. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Robert Fraijo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Laguna Beach Police Chief Laura Farinella declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The terms of the settlement speak for themselves and we have nothing to add at this time,” Farinella said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres Gutierrez pleaded to the misdemeanor of reckless driving, and paid a fine of about $1,500, he said. His DACA status means that — unlike others who allege violations of SB 54 — he is not fighting deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other people might be too scared to even talk about this,” said Torres Gutierrez. “It's important for me to be vocal about this because it could help other people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Daly City Police May Have Violated Sanctuary Law\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Jose Armando Escobar Lopez was not so lucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 11, 2019, the construction worker was driving home with his girlfriend when he was stopped by police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escobar Lopez, a 21-year-old undocumented immigrant from El Salvador, did not have a criminal record, but he did have a pending deportation order that spurred the Daly City police officer to call ICE from his patrol car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 54 prohibits police and other law enforcement agencies from inquiring about a person’s immigration status, or using any resources for immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You're not supposed to be contacting ICE and reporting people you think are undocumented. That's also immigration enforcement,” said Angela Chan, policy director and a senior staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus in San Francisco, who represents Escobar Lopez in his administrative claim against Daly City and its police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police did not issue a traffic citation or explain why they arrested him, according to Escobar Lopez’s complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remained handcuffed at a Daly City police station for about two hours, the complaint said, until an officer transferred him to a room where an ICE agent met him and put chains around his waist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was so anxious I felt like throwing up,” said Escobar Lopez in Spanish. He added that he feared imminent deportation. “I don’t want to say goodbye to my girlfriend, my brother, my mom, my dad. All my family is here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805360\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11805360 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41822_Photo-Armando-by-Angela-Chan-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"349\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41822_Photo-Armando-by-Angela-Chan-qut-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41822_Photo-Armando-by-Angela-Chan-qut-1-160x87.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Armando Escobar Lopez speaks at a rally in San Francisco after his release from immigration detention on Aug. 9, 2019, as girlfriend Krisia Mondoza, his immigration attorney Jessica Yamane (right) and Carl Larsen Santos (left) listen. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Angela Chan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>ICE initially detained him at the Yuba County Jail and later transferred him to the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Center in Bakersfield, where he spent three months. He was released after immigration lawyer Jessica Yamane at Dolores Street Community Services in San Francisco intervened. He is currently fighting deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Daly City Police Department did not return KQED’s requests for comment on the case. But after public outcry, the city announced last summer it would investigate why police had detained Escobar Lopez and turned him over to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are people's lives that have been really significantly disrupted and in some cases ruined by violations of SB 54,” said Chan, who has filed additional complaints in the Bay Area since 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>More Claims Across the State\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In addition to Daly City and Laguna Beach, 10 other administrative claims allege violations of SB 54 by police departments in \u003ca href=\"https://www.pe.com/2019/06/12/aclu-files-1-million-claim-against-corona-police-after-immigrant-is-deported/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Corona\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/aclu_socal_maldonado_aguilar_20200110_huntington_park_claim.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Huntington Park\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/hernandez_roman_tustin_complaint_final_redacted.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tustin\u003c/a>, near Los Angeles; as well as jail deputies in \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/news/aclu-files-complaint-against-madera-county-violating-ca-values-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Madera\u003c/a> County, and sheriff departments in \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/alameda-sheriff-accused-of-violating-state-sanctuary-law/Content?oid=23673089&storyPage=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alameda\u003c/a>, Contra Costa, Marin, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article238039999.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sacramento\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/aclu_socal_hernandez_roman_20200110_oc_complaint_redacted.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Orange\u003c/a> counties. These complaints could be precursors to lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More cases could go unreported. “There could certainly be situations where an individual was turned over to ICE so quickly and deported that we were not alerted,” Chan said. “Unfortunately, there are cases we likely don't know about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the departments facing complaints declined to comment on the cases, sometimes citing pending investigations. But several stated that they followed the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have provided SB 54 protections to several hundred people since the law was passed,” said Ray Kelly, a spokesman with the Alameda County Sheriff’s Office. “We take this law very seriously and do everything possible to make sure those protections stay in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Immigrant Policy Center \u003ca href=\"https://caimmigrant.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Two-Years-of-Sanctuary-How-California-Law-Enforcement-Agencies-Continue-Working-with-ICE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> last year that more than 30 law enforcement agencies across the state continued to collaborate with federal immigration authorities “to facilitate the deportation of individuals who may be protected if the Values Act were thoroughly implemented.” The report found law enforcement officials were still giving immigration agents unfettered access to jails and providing office space for them, in violation of SB 54. The report also found information was being given in other ways — such as publicly posting the release dates of incarcerated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Understanding an 'Extremely Complicated' Law\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Critics of SB 54 say it has made it more difficult for police and sheriff's deputies to protect the public, in part because the law bars them from participating in task force operations with federal agencies if the primary goal is immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to be able to go after criminals, whether they are U.S. citizens or immigrants,” said Brian Marvel, president of the Peace Officers Research Association of California, which has about 75,000 members. “When you start hampering law enforcement's ability to go after predators ... I think that's an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Marvel said officers are not intentionally disregarding the California Values Act, which he said is “extremely complicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law allows officers to hand over people to ICE if they have been convicted of numerous crimes such as assault and child abuse, but only if the person was convicted within the past five years for misdemeanors, and 15 years for felonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unless you have some thorough training and explanation behind what you can and can't do, I think it's difficult to make sure that you follow this thing 100 percent,” said Marvel, a San Diego police officer for 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instructions on how officers should implement SB 54 are left to individual law enforcement agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training, established by the California Legislature in 1959, does not provide any guidance on the California Values Act, and it doesn’t track whether individual officers have received that training, said Meagan Catafi, a spokeswoman for the commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805373\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11805373\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS41825_IMG_1951-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Armando Escobar Lopez speaks with his attorney, Angela Chan, at the Asian Law Caucus in San Francisco, on Jan. 28, 2020. Escobar Lopez filed a complaint against Daly City alleging police violated SB 54 when they handed him over to ICE.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Assemblyman Miguel Santiago, who co-authored SB 54, said law enforcement agencies should be fully compliant by now. If they are not, he said the California attorney general should investigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will not defend any police department who is in violation of SB 54. I mean, the message is very loud and clear. You have to follow the law,” Santiago said. “And quite frankly, if it is determined that there is any wrongdoing ... the A.G. has the ability to enforce that law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Xavier Becerra’s office has issued \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/law_enforcement/dle-18-01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guidance\u003c/a> for law enforcement to comply. The office also collects and reports data from law enforcement agencies on the number of transfers to ICE, and participation on task forces with federal agencies, as required by the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all law enforcement agencies are giving this information to the state’s Department of Justice, according to a\u003ca href=\"https://openjustice.doj.ca.gov/resources/publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> report\u003c/a> by the Attorney General’s Office, released last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Attorney General’s Office declined KQED interview requests and won’t say whether it is investigating cases of alleged violations of SB 54.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Becerra is defending the law in state and federal court, including in a challenge by the Trump administration. Last April, a federal appeals court upheld the law, ruling it does not impede federal immigration enforcement. However, the U.S. Department of Justice asked the U.S. Supreme Court to strike it down. The justices are currently deciding whether to take up the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the 12 complaints filed by the ACLU or Asian Law Caucus attorneys ask cities and counties for monetary damages for the impacted individuals, most of whom are fighting deportation after their transfer to ICE. The complaints also seek changes to departments’ policies or training, said Chan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edgar Torres Gutierrez, the DACA recipient from Laguna Beach, said his experience further eroded his trust in the police. He said he hopes the settlement he achieved leads to changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're all part of this community and we rely on the police to serve and to protect. And that includes serving and protecting immigrants,” Torres Gutierrez said. “It's important that this is fixed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>An undocumented man was detained by federal immigration authorities this week in front of the San Francisco Hall of Justice, where the criminal courts are located. The arrest was strongly condemned by the city’s public defender and district attorney, who say courthouses should be off limits to immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco resident was on his way to a court hearing at 850 Bryant St. when he was arrested by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents — the first such arrest in the city, said the Public Defender’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This undermines community trust and public safety,” said San Francisco Public Defender Mano Raju. “It does deter people from coming to court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, ICE agents also \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/ICE-arrests-3-at-Sonoma-County-courthouse-local-15067595.php\">detained two men\u003c/a> at the Sonoma County Superior Court. [aside tag=\"immigration\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The courthouse arrests come as the Trump administration has renewed efforts to counter sanctuary jurisdictions, arguing they interfere with federal immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, President Trump said the federal government will begin \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/486078-trump-government-will-start-withholding-funds-from-sanctuary-cities\">withholding grants\u003c/a> from sanctuary cities and states, after an appeals court in Manhattan ruled they have the authority to do so. U.S. Attorney General William Barr \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-william-p-barr-delivers-remarks-national-sheriffs-association-winter\">said\u003c/a> last month that public areas of courthouses must be accessible to federal law enforcement officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A California law that took effect this year, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB668\">Assembly Bill 668\u003c/a>, which prohibits civil arrests in courthouses without a judicial warrant, which the agents did not have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California law explicitly forbids a civil enforcement agency like ICE from making a civil arrest without warrant outside of a courthouse,” Raju said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Trump administration argues that immigration agents have the authority to make courthouse arrests without judicial warrants. While ICE generally avoids immigration enforcement at “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/ero/enforcement/sensitive-loc\">sensitive locations\u003c/a>” such as schools, churches and hospitals, it does not treat courthouses that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The undocumented Mexican national who was detained in San Francisco on Tuesday had three felony convictions for second-degree burglary from 2016, 2017 and 2019, according to ICE. The agency identified him as 43-year-old Alberto Uc Ponce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency said it arrested him near the courthouse because local law enforcement had refused to turn him over to ICE several times. The agency said local jurisdictions that don’t cooperate with ICE are likely to see an increase of arrests in the community, as agents are less able to detain immigrants at jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Jennings, field office director for ICE in San Francisco, blamed sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Criminals like this individual are released to reoffend again and again,” said Jennings in a statement. “A simple phone call to ICE to arrange the secure transfer of such individuals would serve the hard-working residents of the city far more than a misguided sanctuary policy that, as proven here and numerous times in the past, goes to great lengths to protect criminals under the guise of protecting the citizenry.” [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s sanctuary law, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\">Senate Bill 54\u003c/a>, prohibits local police, sheriffs and jail officials from handing over immigrants to ICE, unless they have been convicted of serious felonies or other crimes, including burglary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man’s attorney at the Public Defender’s Office, Emilou MacLean, declined to comment on her client’s criminal history, or whether he was protected by SB 54.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a question of the illegitimacy and the illegality of courthouse arrests — where ICE is essentially stationing itself at the courthouse and ambushing someone who shows up for a court hearing,” said MacLean in an email. [pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Attorney Emilou MacLean']'This is a question of the illegitimacy and the illegality of courthouse arrests — where ICE is essentially stationing itself at the courthouse and ambushing someone who shows up for a court hearing'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco District Attorney Chesa Boudin also called for ICE to stop making arrests at courthouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE actions in or near our courthouses deters people from accessing our justice system, making us all less safe,” Boudin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jennings, the ICE field office director, said federal immigration agents are not bound by California's law against courthouse arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California Assembly Bill 668 cannot and will not govern the conduct of federal officers acting pursuant to duly-enacted laws passed by Congress that provide the authority to make administrative arrests of removable aliens inside the United States,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, D-San Diego, who authored AB 668, said President Trump’s “aggressive immigration policies are making all of our communities less safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people don’t feel safe showing up to court to act as a witness, pay a fine or file papers — the system is broken,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The courthouse arrests come as the Trump administration has renewed efforts to counter sanctuary jurisdictions, arguing they interfere with federal immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, President Trump said the federal government will begin \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/486078-trump-government-will-start-withholding-funds-from-sanctuary-cities\">withholding grants\u003c/a> from sanctuary cities and states, after an appeals court in Manhattan ruled they have the authority to do so. U.S. Attorney General William Barr \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-william-p-barr-delivers-remarks-national-sheriffs-association-winter\">said\u003c/a> last month that public areas of courthouses must be accessible to federal law enforcement officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A California law that took effect this year, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB668\">Assembly Bill 668\u003c/a>, which prohibits civil arrests in courthouses without a judicial warrant, which the agents did not have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California law explicitly forbids a civil enforcement agency like ICE from making a civil arrest without warrant outside of a courthouse,” Raju said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Trump administration argues that immigration agents have the authority to make courthouse arrests without judicial warrants. While ICE generally avoids immigration enforcement at “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/ero/enforcement/sensitive-loc\">sensitive locations\u003c/a>” such as schools, churches and hospitals, it does not treat courthouses that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The undocumented Mexican national who was detained in San Francisco on Tuesday had three felony convictions for second-degree burglary from 2016, 2017 and 2019, according to ICE. The agency identified him as 43-year-old Alberto Uc Ponce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency said it arrested him near the courthouse because local law enforcement had refused to turn him over to ICE several times. The agency said local jurisdictions that don’t cooperate with ICE are likely to see an increase of arrests in the community, as agents are less able to detain immigrants at jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Jennings, field office director for ICE in San Francisco, blamed sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Criminals like this individual are released to reoffend again and again,” said Jennings in a statement. “A simple phone call to ICE to arrange the secure transfer of such individuals would serve the hard-working residents of the city far more than a misguided sanctuary policy that, as proven here and numerous times in the past, goes to great lengths to protect criminals under the guise of protecting the citizenry.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s sanctuary law, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\">Senate Bill 54\u003c/a>, prohibits local police, sheriffs and jail officials from handing over immigrants to ICE, unless they have been convicted of serious felonies or other crimes, including burglary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man’s attorney at the Public Defender’s Office, Emilou MacLean, declined to comment on her client’s criminal history, or whether he was protected by SB 54.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a question of the illegitimacy and the illegality of courthouse arrests — where ICE is essentially stationing itself at the courthouse and ambushing someone who shows up for a court hearing,” said MacLean in an email. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco District Attorney Chesa Boudin also called for ICE to stop making arrests at courthouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE actions in or near our courthouses deters people from accessing our justice system, making us all less safe,” Boudin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jennings, the ICE field office director, said federal immigration agents are not bound by California's law against courthouse arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California Assembly Bill 668 cannot and will not govern the conduct of federal officers acting pursuant to duly-enacted laws passed by Congress that provide the authority to make administrative arrests of removable aliens inside the United States,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, D-San Diego, who authored AB 668, said President Trump’s “aggressive immigration policies are making all of our communities less safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people don’t feel safe showing up to court to act as a witness, pay a fine or file papers — the system is broken,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Where the Democratic Presidential Candidates Stand on Immigration Policy",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last summer, in the first Democratic presidential debate, former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julian Castro and former Texas Rep. Beto O’Rourke got into a heated exchange over whether to decriminalize unauthorized border crossings (Castro in favor, O’Rourke opposed).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate flared in the context of the Trump administration’s “zero tolerance” policy, a widespread effort to crack down on illegal entry into the county by criminally prosecuting all migrants who didn’t present themselves at an official port of entry. The policy resulted in the separation of more than 5,500 migrant children from their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under decriminalization, favored by Castro, unauthorized migrants would still be deported, but they wouldn’t have to first serve time in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That June debate was a rare moment when immigration took center stage in the Democratic primary. In most debates since then, it has been an afterthought — despite the fact that President Trump is likely to make tough-on-immigration policies a centerpiece of his reelection campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"San Jose Rep. Zoe Lofgren\"]‘The immigration laws haven’t been seriously reformed for many decades and they’re not serving the country very well. So top-to-bottom reform is overdue and should be done.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, neither Castro nor O’Rourke remain in the running for the Democratic nomination. But as California voters prepare for the March 3 primary election, the issue of immigration could play an increasingly important role in helping to define the differences between the Democratic candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians rank immigration as one of the top four issues facing the state — after homelessness, the economy and housing costs — and half the state’s residents say they fear someone they know could be deported, according to a September \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-statewide-survey-californians-and-their-government-september-2019.pdf\">poll\u003c/a> by the Public Policy Institute of California. The poll found that Californians also overwhelmingly believe immigrants are a benefit to the state rather than a burden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that California has \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/immigrant-population-state-1990-present?width=1000&height=850&iframe=true\">far more immigrants\u003c/a> than any other state makes it a place where immigrants are familiar and integral to the fabric of most communities, scholars say. Indeed, more than one in four Californians were born in another country, and half of all children in the state have an immigrant parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes immigration “a litmus issue” for voters here, according to USC sociology professor Manuel Pastor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re perceived to be anti-immigrant, you’re not in the running,” Pastor said. “That’s one reason Trump polls so weakly in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11801732\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]With a series of executive actions over the past three years, Trump has restricted the ability of low-income immigrants to get green cards, made it almost impossible for migrants at the southern border to apply for asylum, dramatically increased immigration detention, slashed refugee admissions, moved to end protections for Dreamers and tried to fund a wall along parts of the 2,000-mile border with Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the president has frequently used language to denigrate immigrants, calling them “dangerous,” “criminals” and the source of an “invasion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the Democratic presidential candidates, by contrast, describe immigrants as contributors to the richness and vitality of the United States, and honor the central role of immigration in U.S. history and the country’s future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose Rep. Zoe Lofgren, a Democrat who chairs the House Subcommittee on Immigration, said she expected a Democratic president to set a new tone that treats immigrants with dignity and would provide leadership on a comprehensive overhaul of U.S. immigration laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The immigration laws haven’t been seriously reformed for many decades and they’re not serving the country very well,” said Lofgren. “So top-to-bottom reform is overdue and should be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that could prove tough, even if Democrats win control of the U.S. Senate and retain the House, said UC Riverside political science professor Karthick Ramakrishnan. That’s because the Senate filibuster rule allows the minority party to block legislation unless there are 60 votes. Since Democrats are unlikely to win that many Senate seats, and Republicans are disinclined to support immigration reform, the next president would be limited to using executive authority, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"forum_2010101876034\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]“If a Democrat wins, you’ll see some attempts to restore DACA, roll back the rule on ‘public charge’ and the travel ban, and allow more refugees to come into the country,” said Ramakrishnan. “The past few years have shown there’s a lot the president can do to make life more difficult or less difficult for immigrants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic candidates agree on many aspects of immigration policy — and all would reverse many of Trump’s initiatives. But some consider the issue more of a priority than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are obvious differences between a progressive candidate like Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, whose immigration plan refers to the president as “a racist” and calls for abolishing the Department of Homeland Security, and a moderate like Michael Bloomberg, whose plan speaks about the need for national security and emphasizes that legalization for undocumented immigrants must be “earned” by paying taxes and passing background checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11804611\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Dem_Final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11804611\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Dem_Final.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1598\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Dem_Final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Dem_Final-160x133.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Dem_Final-800x666.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Dem_Final-1020x849.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matthew Green/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of the major Democratic presidential candidates (except Tulsi Gabbard, who has not presented a detailed immigration platform) would:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reverse the Trump administration’s “travel ban” that bars visitors and immigrants from a number of African and Muslim-majority countries;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stop diverting military funds to build a border wall;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reinstate Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program established under President Obama, and create a path to citizenship for DACA recipients;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide a path to citizenship for the 11 million undocumented immigrants in the U.S.;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>End family separation and promptly reunite migrant families;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Raise refugee admissions to at least pre-Trump levels;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Roll back Trump’s expansion of the “public charge” rule restricting low-income immigrants from obtaining permanent legal residence;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>End policies, such as “Remain in Mexico,” that create obstacles for asylum-seekers at the southern border;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore asylum protections for victims of gender-based violence and gang violence;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore aid to Central American countries to improve stability and human rights;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sharply scale back immigration detention and use alternatives such as case management;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>End the use of for-profit prisons for immigration detention\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Impose restrictions on U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement arrests at schools, courthouses, hospitals, places of worship and other “sensitive locations;”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase funding for immigration courts;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Create an “Office of New Americans” to integrate immigrants and encourage citizenship.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Here are some highlights of the Democratic candidates’ positions on immigration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joe Biden\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Implement a four-year, $4 billion strategy, devised under the Obama administration, to address the root causes of migration from Central America by tackling corruption and impunity, and investing in public safety and the economy;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Surge humanitarian resources to the border to assist asylum-seekers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Push to repeal anti-immigrant state laws;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight of ICE and Customs and Border Protection;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore enforcement priorities focused on people who threaten public safety;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Preserve and expand family-based immigration;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase work visas for foreign students and target additional work visas to economically struggling areas;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure labor standards enforcement to protect immigrants and other workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Preserve the “diversity visa” lottery for immigrants from underrepresented countries.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Michael Bloomberg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Stop pushing local police to enforce immigration laws;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight of ICE and Customs and Border Protection;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore enforcement priorities focused on people who threaten public safety;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Modernize U.S. ports of entry and implement an “entry-exit” system to track who is entering and leaving the country;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Allow people displaced by climate change to qualify as refugees;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase work visas for foreign students and target additional work visas to economically struggling areas;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminate “per country” caps and redistribute unused visas, to reduce backlogs;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Preserve family-based immigration and the “diversity visa” lottery for immigrants from underrepresented countries;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure labor standards enforcement to protect immigrants and other workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Respect the Flores agreement, protecting children from prolonged, jail-like detention;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Guarantee legal counsel for minors in immigration proceedings;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Offer grants to communities experiencing a rapid increase in immigrants, to promote cohesion and unity.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pete Buttigieg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Buttigieg has ended his candidacy for president.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Decriminalize unauthorized border crossing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight of ICE and Customs and Border Protection;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore enforcement priorities focused on people who threaten public safety;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase work visas for foreign students, target additional work visas to economically struggling areas and make work visa system more responsive to labor-market demands;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Offer visas to immigrant doctors to work in under-served and rural communities;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure labor standards enforcement to protect immigrants and other workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Allow all immigrants to access health insurance marketplaces;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Allow people displaced by climate change to qualify as refugees;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Extend Special Immigrant Visas to Iraqi and Afghan translators for the U.S. armed forces;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make immigration courts into “Article I” courts, independent of the Justice Department.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tulsi Gabbard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gabbard has not put forward a detailed immigration platform. Like the other candidates she would:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reinstate the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program and create a path to citizenship for DACA recipients;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide a path to citizenship for the 11 million undocumented immigrants in the U.S.;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore aid to Central American countries to improve stability and human rights.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>She would also:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Increase border funding and extend the border fence if experts recommend it;\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Amy Klobuchar\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Klobuchar has ended her candidacy for president.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Expand legal immigration;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Respect the Flores agreement, protecting children from prolonged, jail-like detention;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Allow asylum-seekers from the Northern Triangle countries of Central America to seek asylum in their home countries;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase border security as part of comprehensive immigration reform legislation;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Offer visas to immigrant doctors to work in under-served and rural communities.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bernie Sanders\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Dismantle the Department of Homeland Security, including ICE and CBP, and redistribute its functions to other agencies;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Place a moratorium on deportations, pending an audit of past practices and policies;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure labor standards enforcement to protect immigrants and other workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Preserve and expand family-based immigration;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase funding for U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to hire asylum officers and reduce visa and citizenship backlogs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Decriminalize unauthorized border crossing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stop pushing local police to enforce immigration laws;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Respect the Flores agreement, protecting children from prolonged, jail-like detention;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Allow people displaced by climate change to qualify as refugees;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make immigration courts into “Article I” courts, independent of the Justice Department.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Guarantee access to legal counsel in immigration proceedings;\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Tom Steyer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Steyer has ended his candidacy for president.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Decriminalize unauthorized border crossing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stop pushing local police to enforce immigration laws;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight of ICE and Customs and Border Protection;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Respect the Flores agreement, protecting children from prolonged, jail-like detention;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Prioritize family-based immigration;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase temporary work visas, including for foreign students, and make the programs more flexible;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure labor standards enforcement to protect immigrants and other workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Allow people displaced by climate change to qualify as refugees;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make immigration courts into “Article I” courts, independent of the Justice Department;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Guarantee access to legal counsel in immigration proceedings;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Recognize the importance of the borderlands region, invest in its economy and bi-national communities;\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elizabeth Warren\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Expand legal immigration, with a focus on family-based visas;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Decriminalize unauthorized border crossing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stop pushing local police to enforce immigration laws;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight of ICE and Customs and Border Protection;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Create a task force to investigate allegations of serious abuse of immigrants in custody;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore enforcement priorities focused on people who threaten public safety;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make immigration courts into “Article I” courts independent of the Justice Department;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Guarantee access to legal counsel in immigration proceedings;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure labor standards enforcement to protect immigrants and other workers.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "On immigration, the Democratic candidates all differ dramatically from President Trump, but they also differ from each other in some important ways.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last summer, in the first Democratic presidential debate, former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julian Castro and former Texas Rep. Beto O’Rourke got into a heated exchange over whether to decriminalize unauthorized border crossings (Castro in favor, O’Rourke opposed).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate flared in the context of the Trump administration’s “zero tolerance” policy, a widespread effort to crack down on illegal entry into the county by criminally prosecuting all migrants who didn’t present themselves at an official port of entry. The policy resulted in the separation of more than 5,500 migrant children from their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under decriminalization, favored by Castro, unauthorized migrants would still be deported, but they wouldn’t have to first serve time in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That June debate was a rare moment when immigration took center stage in the Democratic primary. In most debates since then, it has been an afterthought — despite the fact that President Trump is likely to make tough-on-immigration policies a centerpiece of his reelection campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, neither Castro nor O’Rourke remain in the running for the Democratic nomination. But as California voters prepare for the March 3 primary election, the issue of immigration could play an increasingly important role in helping to define the differences between the Democratic candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians rank immigration as one of the top four issues facing the state — after homelessness, the economy and housing costs — and half the state’s residents say they fear someone they know could be deported, according to a September \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-statewide-survey-californians-and-their-government-september-2019.pdf\">poll\u003c/a> by the Public Policy Institute of California. The poll found that Californians also overwhelmingly believe immigrants are a benefit to the state rather than a burden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that California has \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/immigrant-population-state-1990-present?width=1000&height=850&iframe=true\">far more immigrants\u003c/a> than any other state makes it a place where immigrants are familiar and integral to the fabric of most communities, scholars say. Indeed, more than one in four Californians were born in another country, and half of all children in the state have an immigrant parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes immigration “a litmus issue” for voters here, according to USC sociology professor Manuel Pastor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re perceived to be anti-immigrant, you’re not in the running,” Pastor said. “That’s one reason Trump polls so weakly in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>With a series of executive actions over the past three years, Trump has restricted the ability of low-income immigrants to get green cards, made it almost impossible for migrants at the southern border to apply for asylum, dramatically increased immigration detention, slashed refugee admissions, moved to end protections for Dreamers and tried to fund a wall along parts of the 2,000-mile border with Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the president has frequently used language to denigrate immigrants, calling them “dangerous,” “criminals” and the source of an “invasion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the Democratic presidential candidates, by contrast, describe immigrants as contributors to the richness and vitality of the United States, and honor the central role of immigration in U.S. history and the country’s future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose Rep. Zoe Lofgren, a Democrat who chairs the House Subcommittee on Immigration, said she expected a Democratic president to set a new tone that treats immigrants with dignity and would provide leadership on a comprehensive overhaul of U.S. immigration laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The immigration laws haven’t been seriously reformed for many decades and they’re not serving the country very well,” said Lofgren. “So top-to-bottom reform is overdue and should be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that could prove tough, even if Democrats win control of the U.S. Senate and retain the House, said UC Riverside political science professor Karthick Ramakrishnan. That’s because the Senate filibuster rule allows the minority party to block legislation unless there are 60 votes. Since Democrats are unlikely to win that many Senate seats, and Republicans are disinclined to support immigration reform, the next president would be limited to using executive authority, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“If a Democrat wins, you’ll see some attempts to restore DACA, roll back the rule on ‘public charge’ and the travel ban, and allow more refugees to come into the country,” said Ramakrishnan. “The past few years have shown there’s a lot the president can do to make life more difficult or less difficult for immigrants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic candidates agree on many aspects of immigration policy — and all would reverse many of Trump’s initiatives. But some consider the issue more of a priority than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are obvious differences between a progressive candidate like Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, whose immigration plan refers to the president as “a racist” and calls for abolishing the Department of Homeland Security, and a moderate like Michael Bloomberg, whose plan speaks about the need for national security and emphasizes that legalization for undocumented immigrants must be “earned” by paying taxes and passing background checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11804611\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Dem_Final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11804611\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Dem_Final.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1598\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Dem_Final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Dem_Final-160x133.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Dem_Final-800x666.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Dem_Final-1020x849.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matthew Green/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of the major Democratic presidential candidates (except Tulsi Gabbard, who has not presented a detailed immigration platform) would:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reverse the Trump administration’s “travel ban” that bars visitors and immigrants from a number of African and Muslim-majority countries;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stop diverting military funds to build a border wall;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reinstate Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program established under President Obama, and create a path to citizenship for DACA recipients;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide a path to citizenship for the 11 million undocumented immigrants in the U.S.;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>End family separation and promptly reunite migrant families;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Raise refugee admissions to at least pre-Trump levels;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Roll back Trump’s expansion of the “public charge” rule restricting low-income immigrants from obtaining permanent legal residence;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>End policies, such as “Remain in Mexico,” that create obstacles for asylum-seekers at the southern border;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore asylum protections for victims of gender-based violence and gang violence;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore aid to Central American countries to improve stability and human rights;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sharply scale back immigration detention and use alternatives such as case management;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>End the use of for-profit prisons for immigration detention\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Impose restrictions on U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement arrests at schools, courthouses, hospitals, places of worship and other “sensitive locations;”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase funding for immigration courts;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Create an “Office of New Americans” to integrate immigrants and encourage citizenship.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Here are some highlights of the Democratic candidates’ positions on immigration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joe Biden\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Implement a four-year, $4 billion strategy, devised under the Obama administration, to address the root causes of migration from Central America by tackling corruption and impunity, and investing in public safety and the economy;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Surge humanitarian resources to the border to assist asylum-seekers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Push to repeal anti-immigrant state laws;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight of ICE and Customs and Border Protection;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore enforcement priorities focused on people who threaten public safety;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Preserve and expand family-based immigration;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase work visas for foreign students and target additional work visas to economically struggling areas;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure labor standards enforcement to protect immigrants and other workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Preserve the “diversity visa” lottery for immigrants from underrepresented countries.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Michael Bloomberg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Stop pushing local police to enforce immigration laws;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight of ICE and Customs and Border Protection;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore enforcement priorities focused on people who threaten public safety;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Modernize U.S. ports of entry and implement an “entry-exit” system to track who is entering and leaving the country;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Allow people displaced by climate change to qualify as refugees;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase work visas for foreign students and target additional work visas to economically struggling areas;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminate “per country” caps and redistribute unused visas, to reduce backlogs;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Preserve family-based immigration and the “diversity visa” lottery for immigrants from underrepresented countries;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure labor standards enforcement to protect immigrants and other workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Respect the Flores agreement, protecting children from prolonged, jail-like detention;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Guarantee legal counsel for minors in immigration proceedings;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Offer grants to communities experiencing a rapid increase in immigrants, to promote cohesion and unity.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pete Buttigieg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Buttigieg has ended his candidacy for president.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Decriminalize unauthorized border crossing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight of ICE and Customs and Border Protection;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore enforcement priorities focused on people who threaten public safety;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase work visas for foreign students, target additional work visas to economically struggling areas and make work visa system more responsive to labor-market demands;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Offer visas to immigrant doctors to work in under-served and rural communities;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure labor standards enforcement to protect immigrants and other workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Allow all immigrants to access health insurance marketplaces;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Allow people displaced by climate change to qualify as refugees;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Extend Special Immigrant Visas to Iraqi and Afghan translators for the U.S. armed forces;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make immigration courts into “Article I” courts, independent of the Justice Department.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tulsi Gabbard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gabbard has not put forward a detailed immigration platform. Like the other candidates she would:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reinstate the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program and create a path to citizenship for DACA recipients;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide a path to citizenship for the 11 million undocumented immigrants in the U.S.;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore aid to Central American countries to improve stability and human rights.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>She would also:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Increase border funding and extend the border fence if experts recommend it;\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Amy Klobuchar\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Klobuchar has ended her candidacy for president.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Expand legal immigration;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Respect the Flores agreement, protecting children from prolonged, jail-like detention;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Allow asylum-seekers from the Northern Triangle countries of Central America to seek asylum in their home countries;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase border security as part of comprehensive immigration reform legislation;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Offer visas to immigrant doctors to work in under-served and rural communities.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bernie Sanders\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Dismantle the Department of Homeland Security, including ICE and CBP, and redistribute its functions to other agencies;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Place a moratorium on deportations, pending an audit of past practices and policies;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure labor standards enforcement to protect immigrants and other workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Preserve and expand family-based immigration;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase funding for U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to hire asylum officers and reduce visa and citizenship backlogs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Decriminalize unauthorized border crossing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stop pushing local police to enforce immigration laws;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Respect the Flores agreement, protecting children from prolonged, jail-like detention;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Allow people displaced by climate change to qualify as refugees;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make immigration courts into “Article I” courts, independent of the Justice Department.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Guarantee access to legal counsel in immigration proceedings;\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Tom Steyer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Steyer has ended his candidacy for president.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Decriminalize unauthorized border crossing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stop pushing local police to enforce immigration laws;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight of ICE and Customs and Border Protection;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Respect the Flores agreement, protecting children from prolonged, jail-like detention;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Prioritize family-based immigration;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase temporary work visas, including for foreign students, and make the programs more flexible;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure labor standards enforcement to protect immigrants and other workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Allow people displaced by climate change to qualify as refugees;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make immigration courts into “Article I” courts, independent of the Justice Department;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Guarantee access to legal counsel in immigration proceedings;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Recognize the importance of the borderlands region, invest in its economy and bi-national communities;\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elizabeth Warren\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Expand legal immigration, with a focus on family-based visas;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Decriminalize unauthorized border crossing;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stop pushing local police to enforce immigration laws;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight of ICE and Customs and Border Protection;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Create a task force to investigate allegations of serious abuse of immigrants in custody;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore enforcement priorities focused on people who threaten public safety;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make immigration courts into “Article I” courts independent of the Justice Department;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Guarantee access to legal counsel in immigration proceedings;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure labor standards enforcement to protect immigrants and other workers.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Supporters Call on Trump Administration Not to Deport SF City Worker",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dozens of people rallied Tuesday in downtown San Francisco to urge immigration authorities not to deport a 23-year-old UC Berkeley graduate who works with the city’s Office of Civic Engagement and Immigrant Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters called on the Trump administration to drop deportation proceedings against Valeria Suarez Rojas, an asylum-seeker from Peru, using an authority known as prosecutorial discretion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suarez Rojas, who identifies as gender non-binary and uses the pronouns \"they/them,\" fears persecution if sent back to Peru, where they said LGBTQ people face violence and discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I found refuge in my community. I found refuge in other queer migrant folks that show me what home looks like,” Suarez Rojas said into a megaphone with trembling hands. “And the Department of Homeland Security wants to rip that apart from me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803563\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11803563 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Valeria Suarez Rojas, 23, pets a friend’s dog at a rally with supporters in downtown San Francisco on Feb. 25, 2020. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under the Trump administration, immigration authorities have used prosecutorial discretion in fewer cases than under previous administrations, but it remains an option for deportation relief, said Luis Angel Reyes Savalza, the attorney representing Suarez Rojas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the U.S. undocumented population estimated at more than 10 million, immigration officials lack the resources to prosecute every case they encounter and have the authority to dismiss or delay deportation proceedings when they see fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who have long-standing ties to a community, relatives who are U.S. citizens and other characteristics that merit remaining in the country may be granted favorable discretion, according to the nonprofit American Immigration Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suarez Rojas, who arrived in the U.S. with a tourist visa at age 16, pursued a degree in social welfare at UC Berkeley and recently graduated. Their mother and brother are lawful permanent residents in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Suarez Rojas became a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dreamsffellows.org/valeria2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fellow\u003c/a> at Dream SF, a leadership and professional development program with the San Francisco Office of Civic Engagement and Immigrant Affairs. They now work as a consultant and coordinator with the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suarez Rojas also blossomed into a leader in the immigrant community, promoting sanctuary policies and participating in campaigns to stop the deportations of others, said Reyes Savalza, an immigration attorney with Pangea Legal Services in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Valeria is an exceptional person who has been fighting for the community for years,” he said. “And it's for this reason that Valeria has countless letters from professors, elected officials.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803565\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11803565 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edwin Carmona-Cruz, with Pangea Legal Services, speaks at the rally in support of Valeria Suarez Rojas on Feb. 25, 2020. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among those who wrote in support of Suarez Rojas is UC President Janet Napolitano, also a former secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, which oversees immigration enforcement. Napolitano urged the DHS to reconsider deportation efforts against Suarez Rojas, according to a petition for prosecutorial discretion Reyes Savalza submitted on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Valeria deserves our utmost support,” wrote Napolitano. “Valeria has excelled at one of our country’s leading universities and is a valued member of our academic and alumni communities and the broader San Francisco Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge at the San Francisco immigration court is currently considering the case and a hearing will be held in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Janet Napolitano, UC president and former DHS secretary\"]'Domestic travel by a student at a leading university should not have resulted in [DHS] placing Valeria in removal proceedings.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suarez Rojas was arrested by U.S. Customs and Border Protection last June at the airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico, where they had traveled to celebrate their anticipated graduation from UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Suarez Rojas tried to board a flight back to the Bay Area, they could not provide a valid ID and their Peruvian passport had no valid U.S. visa, according to a CBP spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in her letter, Napolitano questioned the need for deportation proceedings in Suarez Rojas' case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Domestic travel by a student at a leading university should not have resulted in the Department placing Valeria in removal proceedings,\" Napolitano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suarez Rojas said CBP officers pressured them to sign a deportation order, alluded they could be detained indefinitely at a detention center in Miami and initially refused to let them speak with an attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those tactics constitute a violation of Suarez Rojas’ constitutional rights and “tainted” the removal proceedings, said Savalza, who argues that’s another reason to dismiss the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DHS and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement did not immediately return requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyes Savalza added that while Suarez Rojas was detained, their plight went viral, and thousands of people nationwide called on officials demanding their release. They were freed in less than 24 hours, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the rally, Suarez Rojas thanked supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The community taught me how to be free, the community freed me, and community will keep me free,” they said to cheers from those present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suarez Rojas called for immigration authorities to use prosecutorial discretion more frequently, particularly in the cases of other queer immigrants who are seeking refuge in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"immigration, deportation\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]“It's not just about one case,” Suarez Rojas said. “It's about defending every single person who's been put in a cage, who's been detained ... for the sake of fleeing violence specifically for their gender and sexuality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was prosecutorial discretion that President Barack Obama invoked in 2012 to refrain from deporting young immigrants who signed up for his Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. Immigration officials under the Obama administration were encouraged to prioritize arresting and deporting non-citizens with criminal convictions or those who had recently crossed the border without inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But President Trump significantly expanded immigration enforcement priorities, limited the use of prosecutorial discretion and took steps to end DACA, a legal fight now being reviewed by the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dozens of people rallied Tuesday in downtown San Francisco to urge immigration authorities not to deport a 23-year-old UC Berkeley graduate who works with the city’s Office of Civic Engagement and Immigrant Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters called on the Trump administration to drop deportation proceedings against Valeria Suarez Rojas, an asylum-seeker from Peru, using an authority known as prosecutorial discretion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suarez Rojas, who identifies as gender non-binary and uses the pronouns \"they/them,\" fears persecution if sent back to Peru, where they said LGBTQ people face violence and discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I found refuge in my community. I found refuge in other queer migrant folks that show me what home looks like,” Suarez Rojas said into a megaphone with trembling hands. “And the Department of Homeland Security wants to rip that apart from me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803563\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11803563 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41585_Image-from-iOS-1-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Valeria Suarez Rojas, 23, pets a friend’s dog at a rally with supporters in downtown San Francisco on Feb. 25, 2020. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under the Trump administration, immigration authorities have used prosecutorial discretion in fewer cases than under previous administrations, but it remains an option for deportation relief, said Luis Angel Reyes Savalza, the attorney representing Suarez Rojas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the U.S. undocumented population estimated at more than 10 million, immigration officials lack the resources to prosecute every case they encounter and have the authority to dismiss or delay deportation proceedings when they see fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who have long-standing ties to a community, relatives who are U.S. citizens and other characteristics that merit remaining in the country may be granted favorable discretion, according to the nonprofit American Immigration Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suarez Rojas, who arrived in the U.S. with a tourist visa at age 16, pursued a degree in social welfare at UC Berkeley and recently graduated. Their mother and brother are lawful permanent residents in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Suarez Rojas became a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dreamsffellows.org/valeria2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fellow\u003c/a> at Dream SF, a leadership and professional development program with the San Francisco Office of Civic Engagement and Immigrant Affairs. They now work as a consultant and coordinator with the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suarez Rojas also blossomed into a leader in the immigrant community, promoting sanctuary policies and participating in campaigns to stop the deportations of others, said Reyes Savalza, an immigration attorney with Pangea Legal Services in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Valeria is an exceptional person who has been fighting for the community for years,” he said. “And it's for this reason that Valeria has countless letters from professors, elected officials.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803565\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11803565 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41587_Image-from-iOS-3-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edwin Carmona-Cruz, with Pangea Legal Services, speaks at the rally in support of Valeria Suarez Rojas on Feb. 25, 2020. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among those who wrote in support of Suarez Rojas is UC President Janet Napolitano, also a former secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, which oversees immigration enforcement. Napolitano urged the DHS to reconsider deportation efforts against Suarez Rojas, according to a petition for prosecutorial discretion Reyes Savalza submitted on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Valeria deserves our utmost support,” wrote Napolitano. “Valeria has excelled at one of our country’s leading universities and is a valued member of our academic and alumni communities and the broader San Francisco Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge at the San Francisco immigration court is currently considering the case and a hearing will be held in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suarez Rojas was arrested by U.S. Customs and Border Protection last June at the airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico, where they had traveled to celebrate their anticipated graduation from UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Suarez Rojas tried to board a flight back to the Bay Area, they could not provide a valid ID and their Peruvian passport had no valid U.S. visa, according to a CBP spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in her letter, Napolitano questioned the need for deportation proceedings in Suarez Rojas' case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Domestic travel by a student at a leading university should not have resulted in the Department placing Valeria in removal proceedings,\" Napolitano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suarez Rojas said CBP officers pressured them to sign a deportation order, alluded they could be detained indefinitely at a detention center in Miami and initially refused to let them speak with an attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those tactics constitute a violation of Suarez Rojas’ constitutional rights and “tainted” the removal proceedings, said Savalza, who argues that’s another reason to dismiss the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DHS and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement did not immediately return requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyes Savalza added that while Suarez Rojas was detained, their plight went viral, and thousands of people nationwide called on officials demanding their release. They were freed in less than 24 hours, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the rally, Suarez Rojas thanked supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The community taught me how to be free, the community freed me, and community will keep me free,” they said to cheers from those present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suarez Rojas called for immigration authorities to use prosecutorial discretion more frequently, particularly in the cases of other queer immigrants who are seeking refuge in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It's not just about one case,” Suarez Rojas said. “It's about defending every single person who's been put in a cage, who's been detained ... for the sake of fleeing violence specifically for their gender and sexuality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was prosecutorial discretion that President Barack Obama invoked in 2012 to refrain from deporting young immigrants who signed up for his Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. Immigration officials under the Obama administration were encouraged to prioritize arresting and deporting non-citizens with criminal convictions or those who had recently crossed the border without inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But President Trump significantly expanded immigration enforcement priorities, limited the use of prosecutorial discretion and took steps to end DACA, a legal fight now being reviewed by the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "I Have DACA. What Happens to Me and My Daughter?",
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"content": "\u003cp>When 15-year-old Guadalupe Garcia thinks about what could happen if the Supreme Court decides to end protections for hundreds of thousands of undocumented immigrants, she feels terrified that her mother could be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If something were to happen to her, I would feel like the air got knocked out of me,” Guadalupe said. “I don’t know what I would do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More coverage\" tag=\"immigration\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guadalupe is one of an estimated 250,000 U.S.-born children nationwide who have parents in the country under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, the federal program that provides temporary protection from deportation and permission to work for people who came to the U.S. as children. An estimated 72,600 children of DACA recipients live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, President Trump announced plans to end DACA, which would subject recipients to possible deportation and revoke their ability to work when their status expires. The University of California and other plaintiffs sued to keep the program in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case is now before the U.S. Supreme Court, where justices will consider whether the Trump administration can legally end DACA. A coalition of children’s advocacy organizations, pediatricians and child development experts submitted a statement to the court, asking the justices to consider the health and well-being of recipients’ children, arguing that ending DACA would hurt their mental and physical health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If DACA is rescinded, you have a risk of greater economic insecurity, food insecurity, housing insecurity and access to health care and other services that may be impacted because a parent won’t have DACA status,” said Mayra Alvarez, president of The Children’s Partnership, a nonprofit children’s advocacy organization based in Los Angeles that signed on to the statement to the court. “Children thrive when they’re with loving parents, loving caregivers. It’s really important to consider that that critical relationship between a parent and a child is something we’re intentionally destroying by eliminating DACA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guadalupe’s mother, Gabriela Garcia, was brought to the United States from Mexico when she was 3 years old. She was 17 when she had her daughter; now she is 33.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11802651\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 845px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11802651\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Gabrielachild.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"845\" height=\"1131\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Gabrielachild.png 845w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Gabrielachild-160x214.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Gabrielachild-800x1071.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 845px) 100vw, 845px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gabriela Garcia (right) at around 3 years old, shortly before moving to the U.S. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Gabriela Garcia.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When former President Barack Obama announced the DACA policy in 2012, it felt like a lifesaver. To apply, immigrants had to be between 15 and 30 years old, have been brought to the U.S. when they were younger than 16 and lived here for at least five years. They also had to either be in school, have graduated from high school or received a GED certificate or be veterans of the Armed Forces or the Coast Guard, and have no convictions for felonies, significant misdemeanors or multiple misdemeanors. Nationwide, nearly 700,000 people are currently protected under DACA, according to the most recent data from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia said DACA has helped her provide for Guadalupe — it allows her to work as an accountant at a computer company, where she has health insurance that has been critical to care for her daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guadalupe was born with a birth defect that affects her kidneys. She has been hospitalized multiple times and has had three surgeries since she was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia doesn’t know how she would have paid all the medical bills without health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just seeing what the bill should have been without the health insurance, it’s crazy. It’s a big responsibility for me to make sure she has health insurance and she’s being taken care of, and we don’t miss anything in terms of her health, because that’s scary,” Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact of ending DACA would go far beyond Guadalupe’s physical health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Gabriela Garcia, DACA recipient\"]'It’s a big responsibility for me to make sure she has health insurance and she’s being taken care of, and we don’t miss anything in terms of her health, because that’s scary.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the two live together in California’s Central Valley with their extended family — Garcia’s sister and her two children, Garcia’s other sister and brother and their parents. During the week, Garcia commutes daily to the San Francisco Bay Area for work. On the weekends, she spends most of her time with Guadalupe. They often walk her 2-year-old cousin to the local park, where he climbs up and down the play structure, calling for “Tita,” his nickname for Guadalupe, to chase him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tight-knit feeling, the family support — it all feels like it could change in an instant for Garcia and her daughter. The Supreme Court may not make a final decision on DACA until June. But the possibility of being separated from her mother already feels real to Guadalupe, already makes her anxious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afraid she might lose her DACA status after Trump became president, Garcia drew up notarized papers making her younger sister, who is a U.S. citizen, the legal guardian of Guadalupe, in case she is deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole atmosphere we’re creating, that somehow it’s OK to threaten to split up a family, is devastating to a kid,” said Ted Lempert, president of Children Now, an advocacy organization based in Oakland that also signed on to the statement submitted to the court. “That uncertainty and fear has a huge impact on a kid’s health and well-being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That assertion is backed up by research that says that when children live with the fear of a parent’s deportation, they are more likely to experience anxiety and depression and perform poorly in school or drop out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guadalupe has plans to attend Cal State Fullerton after high school, then go to medical school in New York. She wants to be a pediatrician. Her mom is proud of her daughter’s dreams. Garcia said she also had good grades in high school, until she realized what it meant that she was undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t think I could go to college, and I kind of like gave up,” Garcia said. “I was a good student, I had good grades, I had a really good GPA. I felt like I hit a wall and I couldn’t go or do anything when I realized I was an [undocumented] immigrant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Ted Lempert, President of Children Now\"]'The whole atmosphere we’re creating, that somehow it’s OK to threaten to split up a family, is devastating to a kid.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia worries that her own immigration status will derail her daughter’s dreams. She’s already heard her daughter say she’ll protect her mom, apply for immigration papers for her, make sure she’s able to stay. But Garcia doesn’t know if that’s even a possibility. Under current immigration law, most undocumented immigrants are barred from even applying for legal residency, even if they have U.S. citizen children or spouses, unless they leave the country for 10 years. Even then there is no guarantee the application would be approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish she didn’t have to worry about this type of thing,” Garcia said. “I wish that this wasn’t a fear that she has. I want her to focus on being a kid, or being a teenager, or making sure she has her life. I don’t want her to feel like she’s responsible for me. She’ll hit a wall like I hit a wall. I don’t want that feeling for her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hugging her daughter close after a Sunday walk to the park, Garcia joked that Guadalupe is almost an adult, that she’ll soon leave home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s OK, Mom, you have three years left. You’re almost done,” Guadalupe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Am I?” Garcia answered, turning serious. “No. Never done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always been her and I,” she said. “We’ve been through a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They leaned into each other, holding on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guadalupe is one of an estimated 250,000 U.S.-born children nationwide who have parents in the country under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, the federal program that provides temporary protection from deportation and permission to work for people who came to the U.S. as children. An estimated 72,600 children of DACA recipients live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, President Trump announced plans to end DACA, which would subject recipients to possible deportation and revoke their ability to work when their status expires. The University of California and other plaintiffs sued to keep the program in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case is now before the U.S. Supreme Court, where justices will consider whether the Trump administration can legally end DACA. A coalition of children’s advocacy organizations, pediatricians and child development experts submitted a statement to the court, asking the justices to consider the health and well-being of recipients’ children, arguing that ending DACA would hurt their mental and physical health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If DACA is rescinded, you have a risk of greater economic insecurity, food insecurity, housing insecurity and access to health care and other services that may be impacted because a parent won’t have DACA status,” said Mayra Alvarez, president of The Children’s Partnership, a nonprofit children’s advocacy organization based in Los Angeles that signed on to the statement to the court. “Children thrive when they’re with loving parents, loving caregivers. It’s really important to consider that that critical relationship between a parent and a child is something we’re intentionally destroying by eliminating DACA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guadalupe’s mother, Gabriela Garcia, was brought to the United States from Mexico when she was 3 years old. She was 17 when she had her daughter; now she is 33.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11802651\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 845px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11802651\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Gabrielachild.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"845\" height=\"1131\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Gabrielachild.png 845w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Gabrielachild-160x214.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Gabrielachild-800x1071.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 845px) 100vw, 845px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gabriela Garcia (right) at around 3 years old, shortly before moving to the U.S. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Gabriela Garcia.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When former President Barack Obama announced the DACA policy in 2012, it felt like a lifesaver. To apply, immigrants had to be between 15 and 30 years old, have been brought to the U.S. when they were younger than 16 and lived here for at least five years. They also had to either be in school, have graduated from high school or received a GED certificate or be veterans of the Armed Forces or the Coast Guard, and have no convictions for felonies, significant misdemeanors or multiple misdemeanors. Nationwide, nearly 700,000 people are currently protected under DACA, according to the most recent data from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia said DACA has helped her provide for Guadalupe — it allows her to work as an accountant at a computer company, where she has health insurance that has been critical to care for her daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guadalupe was born with a birth defect that affects her kidneys. She has been hospitalized multiple times and has had three surgeries since she was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia doesn’t know how she would have paid all the medical bills without health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just seeing what the bill should have been without the health insurance, it’s crazy. It’s a big responsibility for me to make sure she has health insurance and she’s being taken care of, and we don’t miss anything in terms of her health, because that’s scary,” Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact of ending DACA would go far beyond Guadalupe’s physical health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'It’s a big responsibility for me to make sure she has health insurance and she’s being taken care of, and we don’t miss anything in terms of her health, because that’s scary.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the two live together in California’s Central Valley with their extended family — Garcia’s sister and her two children, Garcia’s other sister and brother and their parents. During the week, Garcia commutes daily to the San Francisco Bay Area for work. On the weekends, she spends most of her time with Guadalupe. They often walk her 2-year-old cousin to the local park, where he climbs up and down the play structure, calling for “Tita,” his nickname for Guadalupe, to chase him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tight-knit feeling, the family support — it all feels like it could change in an instant for Garcia and her daughter. The Supreme Court may not make a final decision on DACA until June. But the possibility of being separated from her mother already feels real to Guadalupe, already makes her anxious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afraid she might lose her DACA status after Trump became president, Garcia drew up notarized papers making her younger sister, who is a U.S. citizen, the legal guardian of Guadalupe, in case she is deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole atmosphere we’re creating, that somehow it’s OK to threaten to split up a family, is devastating to a kid,” said Ted Lempert, president of Children Now, an advocacy organization based in Oakland that also signed on to the statement submitted to the court. “That uncertainty and fear has a huge impact on a kid’s health and well-being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That assertion is backed up by research that says that when children live with the fear of a parent’s deportation, they are more likely to experience anxiety and depression and perform poorly in school or drop out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guadalupe has plans to attend Cal State Fullerton after high school, then go to medical school in New York. She wants to be a pediatrician. Her mom is proud of her daughter’s dreams. Garcia said she also had good grades in high school, until she realized what it meant that she was undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t think I could go to college, and I kind of like gave up,” Garcia said. “I was a good student, I had good grades, I had a really good GPA. I felt like I hit a wall and I couldn’t go or do anything when I realized I was an [undocumented] immigrant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia worries that her own immigration status will derail her daughter’s dreams. She’s already heard her daughter say she’ll protect her mom, apply for immigration papers for her, make sure she’s able to stay. But Garcia doesn’t know if that’s even a possibility. Under current immigration law, most undocumented immigrants are barred from even applying for legal residency, even if they have U.S. citizen children or spouses, unless they leave the country for 10 years. Even then there is no guarantee the application would be approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish she didn’t have to worry about this type of thing,” Garcia said. “I wish that this wasn’t a fear that she has. I want her to focus on being a kid, or being a teenager, or making sure she has her life. I don’t want her to feel like she’s responsible for me. She’ll hit a wall like I hit a wall. I don’t want that feeling for her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hugging her daughter close after a Sunday walk to the park, Garcia joked that Guadalupe is almost an adult, that she’ll soon leave home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s OK, Mom, you have three years left. You’re almost done,” Guadalupe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Am I?” Garcia answered, turning serious. “No. Never done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always been her and I,” she said. “We’ve been through a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They leaned into each other, holding on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "9 Ways Trump Has Overhauled Immigration to the US",
"title": "9 Ways Trump Has Overhauled Immigration to the US",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>During President Trump's first term, the transformation of federal immigration policy has been far-reaching and so broad that experts say the effects could last for years — even if he isn't reelected. Here are nine ways he has overhauled immigration in the U.S.:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Trying to build a border wall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s pledge that he would build a wall on the Mexican border (and making Mexico pay for it) galvanized enthusiasm among his supporters, but it has proven difficult — and costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress approved much less money than Trump requested — $1.3 billion in the 2020 spending bill, rather than $8.6 billion. The president declared a state of emergency and channeled billions more from the Defense Department to Homeland Security. Advocates and a group of states led by California sued, and federal judges in California and Texas ruled that Trump was wrong to flout the will of Congress. But conservative court majorities have recently allowed construction to move ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January, the government had built one mile of new barrier and 100 miles of replacement or secondary fencing — at a cost of almost $20 million per mile, NPR reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11729585\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11729585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A border wall prototype is torn down at the U.S.-Mexico border, as seen from Tijuana, Mexico, on Feb. 27, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A border wall prototype is torn down at the U.S.-Mexico border, as seen from Tijuana, Mexico, on Feb. 27, 2019. \u003ccite>(GUILLERMO ARIAS/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Restricting access to asylum\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe administration may not have gotten far with a physical wall, but it has succeeded in erecting a virtual wall of regulations blocking tens of thousands of migrants from requesting asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law says that people who reach the U.S., regardless of how they get here, can be granted asylum if they can prove a well-founded fear of persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2018, Trump issued a federal rule barring people from applying for asylum if they didn’t enter the country at an official port of entry. Federal courts have blocked the rule and the case is currently before the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11773820\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11773820\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"People listen as a man calls out the names on a waiting list whose turn it is to walk to the U.S. border crossing in Tijuana where they will then ask for asylum.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People listen as a man calls out the names on a waiting list whose turn it is to walk to the U.S. border crossing in Tijuana where they will then ask for asylum. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another rule, issued last July, made people ineligible for asylum if they crossed a “third country” on the way to the U.S. but didn’t apply for protection there. The U.S. Supreme Court allowed that policy to take effect while a lower court in California hears a legal challenge. Few migrants from Central America and beyond have pursued asylum claims in Mexico, so they are virtually shut out at the southern border of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador signed agreements to receive and consider asylum-seekers that the U.S. sends them. So far, the Trump administration has flown scores of Hondurans and Salvadorans to Guatemala — despite the fact that 200,000 Guatemalans fled insecurity in their country last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year, Homeland Security officials also sent about 60,000 non-Mexicans back to Mexico to wait while their asylum cases are decided in U.S. immigration courts. People in the so-called Remain in Mexico program have found it next to impossible to obtain U.S. immigration lawyers. Only 187 people in the program — or 0.3% — have won their cases, compared to 30% of all asylum seekers last year, according to researchers at Syracuse University. Currently an estimated 20,000 people are camped in Mexico’s most violent cities, awaiting their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798867\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11798867\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 2-year-old Honduran asylum-seeker cries as her mother is searched and detained near the U.S.-Mexico border on June 12, 2018, in McAllen, Texas. The asylum-seekers had rafted across the Rio Grande from Mexico and were detained by U.S. Border Patrol agents before being sent to a processing center for possible separation. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Separating families and zero tolerance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing migrant children from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border was one of the Trump administration’s most controversial steps. Americans reacted to the sight of sobbing children with a broad, bipartisan backlash in 2018 that led President Trump to reverse the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The separations began quietly in 2017 and increased in April 2018, after then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced a “zero tolerance” policy aimed at criminally prosecuting all adults — including parents — who crossed the border without authorization.\u003cbr>\nIn 2018, a federal judge in San Diego ordered a halt to the separations and the reunification of families. More than 18 months later, perhaps as many as 2,000 of the more than 5,500 separated children still have not been reunited with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11801732 label='the lasting impact of trump' hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_immigration_chaparral-FINAL-08-qut-1020x678.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government never got near its stated goal of “zero tolerance.” At its highest point, in June 2018, Customs and Border Protection referred 33% of unlawful border crossers to the Department of Justice, according to the Migration Policy Institute’s Sarah Pierce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Pushing to end DACA \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals has granted temporary protection from deportation — and permission to work legally — to more than 800,000 young undocumented immigrants who were brought to the U.S. as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration moved to end the program, calling it an overreach of President Barack Obama’s executive power. The University of California, DACA recipients and others sued, and federal judges have kept the program in place for current recipients while the case is appealed. The U.S. Supreme Court is expected to rule this spring on whether the government followed administrative procedures when it tried to end DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement began reopening deportation cases against DACA recipients, according to a CNN investigation. In January, acting ICE director Matthew Albence confirmed the strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently about 650,000 DACA recipients and nearly 200,000 of them live in California, many with children of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782817\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11782817\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut.jpg 1290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sindy Ortiz Flores hugs her toddler for the first time in more than a month at San Francisco International Airport on Jan. 29, 2019, as cameras surround them. The baby, Grethshell Juliet, spent a month under government custody, after immigration authorities separated her from her father at the border. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Broadening immigration enforcement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an executive order in his first days in office, Trump wiped away the immigration enforcement priorities of Obama’s later years, which had focused narrowly on deporting violent criminals and recent border crossers. Instead, Trump made just about any “removable alien” a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the share of immigrants arrested by ICE who had no criminal record increased — from 14% in 2016 to 36% last year, according to the Migration Policy Institute’s Pierce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deportations of people arrested in the interior of the country have not reached Obama’s 2013 peak of more than 133,000. But nearly 86,000 people were deported last year, well above the 65,000 deportations in the last year of Obama’s presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also tried to withhold funding from so called “sanctuary cities” that limit law enforcement cooperation with ICE. The courts rejected that, but earlier in February the administration sued New Jersey and a county in Washington over sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11772090\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11772090\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/ap_18344131910992_custom-f83e75e7ac1321965d24d2dc7e03407867be6324-800x492.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Border Patrol agents stand in front of a secondary fence in San Diego, Calif., looking across the border wall toward Mexico.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Restricting legal immigration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the administration may expand the so-called “public charge” rule, even as the expansion is being challenged in court. The rule is a sweeping effort to restrict lower-income immigrants from becoming permanent U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has long denied green cards to people who used substantial cash assistance from the government. Now the rule applies to immigrants who have used, or might use, a broad range of non-cash benefits, including food stamps and MediCal — even for short periods. San Francisco and Santa Clara counties filed the first challenge to the rule, which some call a “wealth test,” saying it could hurt the U.S. citizen children of immigrants if their parents are afraid to apply for nutrition assistance and health care they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has also proposed almost doubling the fee to apply for citizenship, to $1170, while at the same time eliminating most fee waivers for low-income applicants. In December, a federal judge in San Francisco blocked the fee waiver rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the processing time for green cards and for citizenship has almost doubled between 2015 and 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. Refugee and humanitarian restrictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has slashed the number of refugees the U.S. will admit annually — from 85,000 when he was elected to 18,000 in 2020. That’s by far the lowest level since the Refugee Act was passed in 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has also tried to terminate Temporary Protected Status for citizens of six countries allowed to stay in the U.S. following war or natural disaster. Roughly 400,000 TPS holders could face deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco has temporarily blocked the administration from ending TPS for people from El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua, Sudan, Honduras and Nepal. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals is deciding whether to allow that injunction to stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738686\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11738686\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-800x511.jpg\" alt=\"A Honduran mother stands with her daughters in the migrant shelter where they are currently living near the U.S.-Mexico border on April 4, 2019 in Tijuana. She said they are on the waiting list to apply for asylum in the U.S. and must wait at the shelter for now.\" width=\"800\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-800x511.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-1200x767.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran mother stands with her daughters in the migrant shelter near the U.S.-Mexico border on April 4, 2019 in Tijuana. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8. Aiming to expand detention of children\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in immigration custody — whether they are alone or accompanied by a parent — are protected by a two-decades-old legal settlement, known as the Flores agreement. It says children should be released to an adult sponsor — but if they remain in custody, it must be in a licensed child-care facility, not a jail-like setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a federal judge in Los Angeles ruled that kids must be released promptly from ICE family detention centers, generally within 20 days. Last year, the Trump administration published federal rules aimed at replacing Flores, in order to allow long-term family detention — something the L.A. judge blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Courts also ruled that the government must provide children with soap and water, adequate food and a place to sleep, regardless of crowding in border facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, six migrant children died of illness in federal custody between September 2018 and May 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9. Tightening pressure on immigration courts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11797878,news_11796825,news_11785839]The Trump administration has increasingly used the immigration courts — which are part of the Justice Department — to speed up deportations. In 2018, then-Attorney general Jeff Sessions stripped authority from immigration judges, barring them from dismissing or suspending low-priority cases, and setting a quota requiring every judge to complete 700 cases a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stepped-up immigration enforcement beginning under President George W. Bush has contributed to a historic backlog of more than 1 million cases — and Sessions’ order for judges to re-open administratively closed cases adds another 300,000 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration judges say their limited discretion and the pressure to close cases faster is creating an unbearable work environment and threatening due process for immigrants whose lives are in the balance. Dana Marks, former head of the National Association of Immigration Judges, said that she and her colleagues are asked to decide the equivalent of “death penalty cases in a traffic court setting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "From separating families, pushing to end DACA and limiting access to asylum, President Trump's reshaping of federal immigration policy has been vast.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>During President Trump's first term, the transformation of federal immigration policy has been far-reaching and so broad that experts say the effects could last for years — even if he isn't reelected. Here are nine ways he has overhauled immigration in the U.S.:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Trying to build a border wall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s pledge that he would build a wall on the Mexican border (and making Mexico pay for it) galvanized enthusiasm among his supporters, but it has proven difficult — and costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress approved much less money than Trump requested — $1.3 billion in the 2020 spending bill, rather than $8.6 billion. The president declared a state of emergency and channeled billions more from the Defense Department to Homeland Security. Advocates and a group of states led by California sued, and federal judges in California and Texas ruled that Trump was wrong to flout the will of Congress. But conservative court majorities have recently allowed construction to move ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January, the government had built one mile of new barrier and 100 miles of replacement or secondary fencing — at a cost of almost $20 million per mile, NPR reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11729585\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11729585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A border wall prototype is torn down at the U.S.-Mexico border, as seen from Tijuana, Mexico, on Feb. 27, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A border wall prototype is torn down at the U.S.-Mexico border, as seen from Tijuana, Mexico, on Feb. 27, 2019. \u003ccite>(GUILLERMO ARIAS/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Restricting access to asylum\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe administration may not have gotten far with a physical wall, but it has succeeded in erecting a virtual wall of regulations blocking tens of thousands of migrants from requesting asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law says that people who reach the U.S., regardless of how they get here, can be granted asylum if they can prove a well-founded fear of persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2018, Trump issued a federal rule barring people from applying for asylum if they didn’t enter the country at an official port of entry. Federal courts have blocked the rule and the case is currently before the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11773820\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11773820\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"People listen as a man calls out the names on a waiting list whose turn it is to walk to the U.S. border crossing in Tijuana where they will then ask for asylum.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People listen as a man calls out the names on a waiting list whose turn it is to walk to the U.S. border crossing in Tijuana where they will then ask for asylum. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another rule, issued last July, made people ineligible for asylum if they crossed a “third country” on the way to the U.S. but didn’t apply for protection there. The U.S. Supreme Court allowed that policy to take effect while a lower court in California hears a legal challenge. Few migrants from Central America and beyond have pursued asylum claims in Mexico, so they are virtually shut out at the southern border of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador signed agreements to receive and consider asylum-seekers that the U.S. sends them. So far, the Trump administration has flown scores of Hondurans and Salvadorans to Guatemala — despite the fact that 200,000 Guatemalans fled insecurity in their country last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year, Homeland Security officials also sent about 60,000 non-Mexicans back to Mexico to wait while their asylum cases are decided in U.S. immigration courts. People in the so-called Remain in Mexico program have found it next to impossible to obtain U.S. immigration lawyers. Only 187 people in the program — or 0.3% — have won their cases, compared to 30% of all asylum seekers last year, according to researchers at Syracuse University. Currently an estimated 20,000 people are camped in Mexico’s most violent cities, awaiting their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798867\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11798867\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 2-year-old Honduran asylum-seeker cries as her mother is searched and detained near the U.S.-Mexico border on June 12, 2018, in McAllen, Texas. The asylum-seekers had rafted across the Rio Grande from Mexico and were detained by U.S. Border Patrol agents before being sent to a processing center for possible separation. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Separating families and zero tolerance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing migrant children from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border was one of the Trump administration’s most controversial steps. Americans reacted to the sight of sobbing children with a broad, bipartisan backlash in 2018 that led President Trump to reverse the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The separations began quietly in 2017 and increased in April 2018, after then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced a “zero tolerance” policy aimed at criminally prosecuting all adults — including parents — who crossed the border without authorization.\u003cbr>\nIn 2018, a federal judge in San Diego ordered a halt to the separations and the reunification of families. More than 18 months later, perhaps as many as 2,000 of the more than 5,500 separated children still have not been reunited with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government never got near its stated goal of “zero tolerance.” At its highest point, in June 2018, Customs and Border Protection referred 33% of unlawful border crossers to the Department of Justice, according to the Migration Policy Institute’s Sarah Pierce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Pushing to end DACA \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals has granted temporary protection from deportation — and permission to work legally — to more than 800,000 young undocumented immigrants who were brought to the U.S. as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration moved to end the program, calling it an overreach of President Barack Obama’s executive power. The University of California, DACA recipients and others sued, and federal judges have kept the program in place for current recipients while the case is appealed. The U.S. Supreme Court is expected to rule this spring on whether the government followed administrative procedures when it tried to end DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement began reopening deportation cases against DACA recipients, according to a CNN investigation. In January, acting ICE director Matthew Albence confirmed the strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently about 650,000 DACA recipients and nearly 200,000 of them live in California, many with children of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782817\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11782817\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut.jpg 1290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sindy Ortiz Flores hugs her toddler for the first time in more than a month at San Francisco International Airport on Jan. 29, 2019, as cameras surround them. The baby, Grethshell Juliet, spent a month under government custody, after immigration authorities separated her from her father at the border. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Broadening immigration enforcement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an executive order in his first days in office, Trump wiped away the immigration enforcement priorities of Obama’s later years, which had focused narrowly on deporting violent criminals and recent border crossers. Instead, Trump made just about any “removable alien” a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the share of immigrants arrested by ICE who had no criminal record increased — from 14% in 2016 to 36% last year, according to the Migration Policy Institute’s Pierce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deportations of people arrested in the interior of the country have not reached Obama’s 2013 peak of more than 133,000. But nearly 86,000 people were deported last year, well above the 65,000 deportations in the last year of Obama’s presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also tried to withhold funding from so called “sanctuary cities” that limit law enforcement cooperation with ICE. The courts rejected that, but earlier in February the administration sued New Jersey and a county in Washington over sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11772090\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11772090\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/ap_18344131910992_custom-f83e75e7ac1321965d24d2dc7e03407867be6324-800x492.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Border Patrol agents stand in front of a secondary fence in San Diego, Calif., looking across the border wall toward Mexico.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Restricting legal immigration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the administration may expand the so-called “public charge” rule, even as the expansion is being challenged in court. The rule is a sweeping effort to restrict lower-income immigrants from becoming permanent U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has long denied green cards to people who used substantial cash assistance from the government. Now the rule applies to immigrants who have used, or might use, a broad range of non-cash benefits, including food stamps and MediCal — even for short periods. San Francisco and Santa Clara counties filed the first challenge to the rule, which some call a “wealth test,” saying it could hurt the U.S. citizen children of immigrants if their parents are afraid to apply for nutrition assistance and health care they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has also proposed almost doubling the fee to apply for citizenship, to $1170, while at the same time eliminating most fee waivers for low-income applicants. In December, a federal judge in San Francisco blocked the fee waiver rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the processing time for green cards and for citizenship has almost doubled between 2015 and 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. Refugee and humanitarian restrictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has slashed the number of refugees the U.S. will admit annually — from 85,000 when he was elected to 18,000 in 2020. That’s by far the lowest level since the Refugee Act was passed in 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has also tried to terminate Temporary Protected Status for citizens of six countries allowed to stay in the U.S. following war or natural disaster. Roughly 400,000 TPS holders could face deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco has temporarily blocked the administration from ending TPS for people from El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua, Sudan, Honduras and Nepal. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals is deciding whether to allow that injunction to stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738686\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11738686\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-800x511.jpg\" alt=\"A Honduran mother stands with her daughters in the migrant shelter where they are currently living near the U.S.-Mexico border on April 4, 2019 in Tijuana. She said they are on the waiting list to apply for asylum in the U.S. and must wait at the shelter for now.\" width=\"800\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-800x511.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-1200x767.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran mother stands with her daughters in the migrant shelter near the U.S.-Mexico border on April 4, 2019 in Tijuana. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8. Aiming to expand detention of children\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in immigration custody — whether they are alone or accompanied by a parent — are protected by a two-decades-old legal settlement, known as the Flores agreement. It says children should be released to an adult sponsor — but if they remain in custody, it must be in a licensed child-care facility, not a jail-like setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a federal judge in Los Angeles ruled that kids must be released promptly from ICE family detention centers, generally within 20 days. Last year, the Trump administration published federal rules aimed at replacing Flores, in order to allow long-term family detention — something the L.A. judge blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Courts also ruled that the government must provide children with soap and water, adequate food and a place to sleep, regardless of crowding in border facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, six migrant children died of illness in federal custody between September 2018 and May 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9. Tightening pressure on immigration courts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Trump administration has increasingly used the immigration courts — which are part of the Justice Department — to speed up deportations. In 2018, then-Attorney general Jeff Sessions stripped authority from immigration judges, barring them from dismissing or suspending low-priority cases, and setting a quota requiring every judge to complete 700 cases a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stepped-up immigration enforcement beginning under President George W. Bush has contributed to a historic backlog of more than 1 million cases — and Sessions’ order for judges to re-open administratively closed cases adds another 300,000 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration judges say their limited discretion and the pressure to close cases faster is creating an unbearable work environment and threatening due process for immigrants whose lives are in the balance. Dana Marks, former head of the National Association of Immigration Judges, said that she and her colleagues are asked to decide the equivalent of “death penalty cases in a traffic court setting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "trumps-changes-to-immigration-could-take-years-to-undo-experts-say",
"title": "Trump's Changes to Immigration Could Take Years to Undo — Even With a New President",
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"headTitle": "Trump’s Changes to Immigration Could Take Years to Undo — Even With a New President | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the 2020 presidential contest ramps up, President Trump is doubling down on restricting immigration to the U.S. — a key campaign pledge he made during his first run for the White House and one that he is hoping will earn him a second term. For many voters, immigration could be a defining issue in November — whether they support or oppose his policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his first week in office in January 2017, Trump issued a series of directives to dramatically increase border enforcement, expand detention and deportation of immigrants and halt refugee resettlement. The president often speaks of immigrants as “dangerous” and a threat to Americans, using words like “criminals” and calling a migrant caravan an “invasion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, three years on, the transformation of federal immigration policy has been far-reaching, touching legal immigrants and asylum-seekers as well as immigrants in the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s antagonists, including California political leaders, have filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2019/11/05/all-the-presidents-immigration-lawsuits/#68e55c6a7d8e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scores of lawsuits\u003c/a> blocking many of the administration’s immigration moves — at least temporarily. But judges have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed\u003c/a> other policies to take effect, even as legal challenges work their way through federal courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11801948\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11801948 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement provided this handout of an ICE enforcement operation it said was targeting immigration fugitives and re-entrants, among others, on Feb. 9, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia. (Photo by Bryan Cox/U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trump’s harsh rhetoric and restrictive policies present a stark contrast with the Democratic field of presidential candidates. But analysts say the scope of the changes made by the Trump administration is so broad that the effects are likely to endure for years, even if the president is not reelected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration’s enforcement push comes at a time when illegal immigration at the U.S.-Mexico border is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2020-Jan/U.S.%20Border%20Patrol%20Total%20Apprehensions%20%28FY%201925%20-%20FY%202019%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">far lower\u003c/a> than it was 20 years ago. And most undocumented immigrants have lived in the U.S. for a decade or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, just 577,000 immigrants were granted lawful permanent residence last year, far fewer than any time in the past two decades, when the U.S. issued roughly 1 million \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2018/table1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">green cards\u003c/a> annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘One of the Major Eras of Xenophobia?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some immigration scholars say this presidency is more hostile to immigrants than any in modern history, while advocates who favor tougher immigration policies applaud Trump’s approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis School of Law Dean Kevin R. Johnson contrasted the current era with the 1950s, when more than 1 million Mexicans were rounded up in a mass deportation campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even when he put in place Operation Wetback, President Eisenhower didn’t talk about immigrants the way this president does,” Johnson said. “The talk about race, and the fear created in immigrant communities, are what differentiates this president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Jessica Vaughan, the Center for Immigration Studies']‘Almost every part of our immigration system has been touched.’[/pullquote]“In a historical sense, it represents one of the major eras of xenophobia,” said University of San Francisco law professor Bill Ong Hing, comparing this period to the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Vaughan, director of policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, said that while Trump’s language is “coarse,” she gives him high marks for clamping down “to de-incentivize people streaming up to the border, thinking they’d be released into the interior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost every part of our immigration system has been touched,” added Vaughn, whose center favors reducing immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/1660/immigration.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/12/americans-immigration-policy-priorities-divisions-between-and-within-the-two-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opinion\u003c/a> polls show that most Americans \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/12/americans-immigration-policy-priorities-divisions-between-and-within-the-two-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">support\u003c/a> border security as well as a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, and they favor taking in refugees of war and violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757637\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11757637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/ap_19126782050207_wide-926c85f779a71eddf5da6a166e583dd036c4cd76-800x450.jpg\" alt='Cuban migrants cross a bridge in Mexico to be processed as asylum-seekers in the U.S. The labor union representing asylum officers claims the policy formally known as the Migrant Protection Protocols is a \"widespread violation\" of international and domestic la' width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuban migrants cross a bridge in Mexico to be processed as asylum-seekers in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Christian Torres/AP )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Little Tweaks, Huge Policy Implications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So far, immigration changes under Trump have not been enshrined in new laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he has used his executive authority, like other presidents before him, to accomplish his goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11801856 label='the lasting impact of trump' hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_immigration_girl-qut-1020x642.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Little tweaks have huge policy implications,” said Sarah Pierce, an immigration policy analyst at the nonpartisan Migration Policy Institute in Washington, D.C. “So any future administration that’s more friendly to immigration is going to require decades to reverse this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at what those changes add up to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Trying to build a border wall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump’s pledge to build a wall on the Mexican border galvanized enthusiasm among his supporters, but it has proven difficult — and costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress approved much less money than Trump requested — $1.3 billion in the 2020 spending bill, rather than $8.6 billion. Despite legal challenges, conservative court majorities have recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/09/794969121/appeals-court-allows-trump-to-divert-3-6-billion-in-military-funds-for-border-wa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed construction\u003c/a> to move ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January, the government had built one mile of new barrier and 100 miles of replacement or secondary fencing — at a cost of almost $20 million per mile, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/17/797410228/at-11-billion-and-counting-trumps-border-wall-would-be-the-worlds-most-expensive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Restricting access to asylum\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration may not have gotten far with a physical wall, but it has succeeded in erecting a virtual wall of regulations, blocking tens of thousands of migrants from being considered for asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example: Over the past year, border officials sent about 60,000 non-Mexicans back to Mexico to wait while their asylum cases are decided in U.S. immigration courts. It’s next to impossible for migrants in the so-called Remain in Mexico program to find U.S. immigration lawyers, and fewer than 200 have won their cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/16/2019-15246/asylum-eligibility-and-procedural-modifications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new rule\u003c/a> shut out all asylum-seekers who crossed a “third country” en route to the U.S. but didn’t ask for protection there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal courts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed both policies\u003c/a> to take effect while lower courts hear legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Separating families and zero tolerance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing migrant children from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border was one of the Trump administration’s most controversial steps — and prompted a broad, bipartisan backlash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The separations began after then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced a “zero tolerance” policy aimed at criminally prosecuting all adults — including parents — who cross the border illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, a federal judge in San Diego halted the separations and ordered the reunification of families. More than 18 months later, perhaps as many as 2,000 of the more than 5,500 separated children still have not been reunited with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798878\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11798878\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People demonstrate in Washington, DC, on June 28, 2018, demanding an end to the separation of migrant children from their parents. (Photo credit should read NICHOLAS KAMM/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Pushing to end DACA \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals has granted temporary protection from deportation — and permission to work — to \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-studies/immigration-forms-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 800,000\u003c/a> young undocumented immigrants brought to the U.S. as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration moved to end DACA, calling it an \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-sessions-delivers-remarks-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">overreach\u003c/a> of President Barack Obama’s executive power. The University of California and others sued, and federal judges have kept the program in place while the case is appealed. The U.S. Supreme Court is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785839/u-s-supreme-court-takes-on-daca-and-the-fate-of-nearly-200000-california-dreamers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expected\u003c/a> to rule this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently about 650,000 DACA recipients and nearly 200,000 of them live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Broadening immigration enforcement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-enhancing-public-safety-interior-united-states/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">executive order\u003c/a> in his first days in office, Trump wiped away Obama’s deportation priorities, which had focused on violent criminals and recent border crossers. Instead, Trump made just about any “removable alien” a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the share of immigrants arrested by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement who had no criminal record grew — from 14% in 2016 to 36% last year, according to Pierce of the Migration Policy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Restricting legal immigration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the administration may expand the so-called “public charge” rule, even as that’s being challenged in court. The rule is a sweeping effort to restrict lower-income immigrants from becoming permanent U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has long denied green cards to people who used substantial cash assistance from the government. Now the rule applies to immigrants who have used, or might use, many more non-cash benefits, including food stamps and MediCal — even for short periods. San Francisco and Santa Clara counties filed the first challenge to the rule, saying it could hurt the U.S. citizen children of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Refugee and humanitarian restrictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/us-annual-refugee-resettlement-ceilings-and-number-refugees-admitted-united\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">slashed\u003c/a> the number of refugees the U.S. will admit annually — from 85,000 when he was elected, to a historic low of 18,000 for 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Sarah Pierce, Migration Policy Institute']‘Little tweaks have huge policy implications. So any future administration that’s more friendly to immigration is going to require decades to reverse this.’[/pullquote]The administration has also tried to terminate Temporary Protected Status for citizens of six countries allowed to stay in the U.S. following war or natural disaster. Roughly \u003ca href=\"https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20190329_RS20844_40bba737bf5e4440ac7bebb19757db87fe994fa4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">400,000 TPS holders\u003c/a> could face deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11783511/trump-administration-extends-protections-for-many-salvadorans-living-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the administration from ending TPS for people from El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua, Sudan, Honduras and Nepal. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is deciding whether to allow that injunction to stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Aiming to expand detention of children\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in immigration custody are protected by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aila.org/infonet/flores-v-reno-settlement-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Flores settlement agreement\u003c/a>. It says children should be released to an adult sponsor — but if they remain in custody, it must be in a licensed child care facility, not a jail-like setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a federal judge in Los Angeles ruled that kids must be released promptly from ICE family detention centers, generally within 20 days. Last year, the Trump administration published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769437/whats-in-new-trump-immigration-rule-overriding-flores-agreement-3-key-changes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rules aimed\u003c/a> at replacing Flores and permitting long-term family detention, which the L.A. judge blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, six migrant children \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/six-children-died-in-border-patrol-care-democrats-in-congress-want-to-know-why\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">died\u003c/a> of illness in federal custody between September 2018 and May 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Tightening pressure on immigration courts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department, which oversees immigration courts, has tried to speed up deportations by setting a quota requiring judges to complete 700 cases a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-Attorney General Sessions also stripped authority from immigration judges, barring them from dismissing or suspending low-priority cases. Sessions also ordered judges to reopen more than 300,000 cases that had been administratively closed. That’s on top of a historic backlog of more than 1 million cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration judges say their limited discretion and the pressure to close cases faster is creating an “\u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/mental-health/480165-immigration-judges-are-retiring-and-quitting-early\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unbearable\u003c/a>” work environment and threatening due process for immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11796924\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11796924\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A woman waits to hear her place on a list of people waiting in Tijuana, Mexico, on Nov. 18, 2018, to seek asylum in the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman waits to hear her place on a list of people waiting in Tijuana, Mexico, on Nov. 18, 2018, to seek asylum in the U.S. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Political Implications\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How lasting President Trump’s immigration restrictions prove will largely depend on the 2020 election, and who wins not just the presidency but also control of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his State of the Union speech in early February, Trump emphasized his push to build a border wall, his opposition to sanctuary cities and his agreements that turn back asylum-seekers at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a strategy that Jessica Vaughan, with the conservative Center for Immigration Studies, believes will be popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are insistent that the laws be enforced. That’s a strength for him going into this election and he knows it,” she said. “We’re going to see him keep doing things he thinks are going to play well with voters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11797878,news_11796825,news_11785839]But others believe Trump’s tough-on-immigrants approach could backfire this year, even though it worked for him in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Barreto, a professor of political science at UCLA and co-founder of the Latino Decisions polling firm, said \u003ca href=\"http://publications.unidosus.org/bitstream/handle/123456789/1996/TheStateoftheLatinoVote.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">polls show Latino\u003c/a> and immigrant voters are angry over the president’s racially polarizing language, family separations and the deaths of migrant children in federal custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one’s in favor of putting kids in cages and giving them space blankets,” Barreto said. “It’s a hard thing to sell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robust Latino turnout in 2018 helped flip at least a dozen congressional seats from Republican to Democrat, according to Barreto’s research, and it could play a big role in this year’s general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think on Super Tuesday we’ll get a really big clue,” he said. “We’ll have [primaries in] Texas and California both. If the turnout is really robust we’ll see that people are amped up and ready to participate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump is reelected, Vaughan and others expect him to put forward a major immigration bill crafted by presidential adviser and son-in-law Jared Kushner. The proposal codifies many restrictive enforcement measures and favors high-skilled immigrants over family-based immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For advocates and politicians, immigration is intensely polarizing, said Theresa Cardinal Brown, director of immigration policy at the centrist Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration is now ranking up amongst those insoluble, intractable issues like abortion and gun control,” she said. “There’s no middle ground that people will admit to … And that’s highly problematic for an issue like immigration that has to be legislated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she believes that public opinion is more nuanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People believe in a middle ground,” she said. “They say, ‘Sure we can secure our borders, but we can also have compassion for immigrants. Sure we can tighten our legal immigration system, but that doesn’t mean we have to break up families.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the 2020 presidential contest ramps up, President Trump is doubling down on restricting immigration to the U.S. — a key campaign pledge he made during his first run for the White House and one that he is hoping will earn him a second term. For many voters, immigration could be a defining issue in November — whether they support or oppose his policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his first week in office in January 2017, Trump issued a series of directives to dramatically increase border enforcement, expand detention and deportation of immigrants and halt refugee resettlement. The president often speaks of immigrants as “dangerous” and a threat to Americans, using words like “criminals” and calling a migrant caravan an “invasion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, three years on, the transformation of federal immigration policy has been far-reaching, touching legal immigrants and asylum-seekers as well as immigrants in the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s antagonists, including California political leaders, have filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2019/11/05/all-the-presidents-immigration-lawsuits/#68e55c6a7d8e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scores of lawsuits\u003c/a> blocking many of the administration’s immigration moves — at least temporarily. But judges have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed\u003c/a> other policies to take effect, even as legal challenges work their way through federal courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11801948\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11801948 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement provided this handout of an ICE enforcement operation it said was targeting immigration fugitives and re-entrants, among others, on Feb. 9, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia. (Photo by Bryan Cox/U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trump’s harsh rhetoric and restrictive policies present a stark contrast with the Democratic field of presidential candidates. But analysts say the scope of the changes made by the Trump administration is so broad that the effects are likely to endure for years, even if the president is not reelected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration’s enforcement push comes at a time when illegal immigration at the U.S.-Mexico border is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2020-Jan/U.S.%20Border%20Patrol%20Total%20Apprehensions%20%28FY%201925%20-%20FY%202019%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">far lower\u003c/a> than it was 20 years ago. And most undocumented immigrants have lived in the U.S. for a decade or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, just 577,000 immigrants were granted lawful permanent residence last year, far fewer than any time in the past two decades, when the U.S. issued roughly 1 million \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2018/table1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">green cards\u003c/a> annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘One of the Major Eras of Xenophobia?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some immigration scholars say this presidency is more hostile to immigrants than any in modern history, while advocates who favor tougher immigration policies applaud Trump’s approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis School of Law Dean Kevin R. Johnson contrasted the current era with the 1950s, when more than 1 million Mexicans were rounded up in a mass deportation campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even when he put in place Operation Wetback, President Eisenhower didn’t talk about immigrants the way this president does,” Johnson said. “The talk about race, and the fear created in immigrant communities, are what differentiates this president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Almost every part of our immigration system has been touched.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“In a historical sense, it represents one of the major eras of xenophobia,” said University of San Francisco law professor Bill Ong Hing, comparing this period to the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Vaughan, director of policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, said that while Trump’s language is “coarse,” she gives him high marks for clamping down “to de-incentivize people streaming up to the border, thinking they’d be released into the interior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost every part of our immigration system has been touched,” added Vaughn, whose center favors reducing immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/1660/immigration.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/12/americans-immigration-policy-priorities-divisions-between-and-within-the-two-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opinion\u003c/a> polls show that most Americans \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/12/americans-immigration-policy-priorities-divisions-between-and-within-the-two-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">support\u003c/a> border security as well as a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, and they favor taking in refugees of war and violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757637\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11757637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/ap_19126782050207_wide-926c85f779a71eddf5da6a166e583dd036c4cd76-800x450.jpg\" alt='Cuban migrants cross a bridge in Mexico to be processed as asylum-seekers in the U.S. The labor union representing asylum officers claims the policy formally known as the Migrant Protection Protocols is a \"widespread violation\" of international and domestic la' width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuban migrants cross a bridge in Mexico to be processed as asylum-seekers in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Christian Torres/AP )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Little Tweaks, Huge Policy Implications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So far, immigration changes under Trump have not been enshrined in new laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he has used his executive authority, like other presidents before him, to accomplish his goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Little tweaks have huge policy implications,” said Sarah Pierce, an immigration policy analyst at the nonpartisan Migration Policy Institute in Washington, D.C. “So any future administration that’s more friendly to immigration is going to require decades to reverse this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at what those changes add up to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Trying to build a border wall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump’s pledge to build a wall on the Mexican border galvanized enthusiasm among his supporters, but it has proven difficult — and costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress approved much less money than Trump requested — $1.3 billion in the 2020 spending bill, rather than $8.6 billion. Despite legal challenges, conservative court majorities have recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/09/794969121/appeals-court-allows-trump-to-divert-3-6-billion-in-military-funds-for-border-wa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed construction\u003c/a> to move ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January, the government had built one mile of new barrier and 100 miles of replacement or secondary fencing — at a cost of almost $20 million per mile, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/17/797410228/at-11-billion-and-counting-trumps-border-wall-would-be-the-worlds-most-expensive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Restricting access to asylum\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration may not have gotten far with a physical wall, but it has succeeded in erecting a virtual wall of regulations, blocking tens of thousands of migrants from being considered for asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example: Over the past year, border officials sent about 60,000 non-Mexicans back to Mexico to wait while their asylum cases are decided in U.S. immigration courts. It’s next to impossible for migrants in the so-called Remain in Mexico program to find U.S. immigration lawyers, and fewer than 200 have won their cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/16/2019-15246/asylum-eligibility-and-procedural-modifications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new rule\u003c/a> shut out all asylum-seekers who crossed a “third country” en route to the U.S. but didn’t ask for protection there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal courts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed both policies\u003c/a> to take effect while lower courts hear legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Separating families and zero tolerance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing migrant children from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border was one of the Trump administration’s most controversial steps — and prompted a broad, bipartisan backlash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The separations began after then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced a “zero tolerance” policy aimed at criminally prosecuting all adults — including parents — who cross the border illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, a federal judge in San Diego halted the separations and ordered the reunification of families. More than 18 months later, perhaps as many as 2,000 of the more than 5,500 separated children still have not been reunited with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798878\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11798878\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People demonstrate in Washington, DC, on June 28, 2018, demanding an end to the separation of migrant children from their parents. (Photo credit should read NICHOLAS KAMM/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Pushing to end DACA \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals has granted temporary protection from deportation — and permission to work — to \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-studies/immigration-forms-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 800,000\u003c/a> young undocumented immigrants brought to the U.S. as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration moved to end DACA, calling it an \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-sessions-delivers-remarks-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">overreach\u003c/a> of President Barack Obama’s executive power. The University of California and others sued, and federal judges have kept the program in place while the case is appealed. The U.S. Supreme Court is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785839/u-s-supreme-court-takes-on-daca-and-the-fate-of-nearly-200000-california-dreamers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expected\u003c/a> to rule this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently about 650,000 DACA recipients and nearly 200,000 of them live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Broadening immigration enforcement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-enhancing-public-safety-interior-united-states/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">executive order\u003c/a> in his first days in office, Trump wiped away Obama’s deportation priorities, which had focused on violent criminals and recent border crossers. Instead, Trump made just about any “removable alien” a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the share of immigrants arrested by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement who had no criminal record grew — from 14% in 2016 to 36% last year, according to Pierce of the Migration Policy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Restricting legal immigration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the administration may expand the so-called “public charge” rule, even as that’s being challenged in court. The rule is a sweeping effort to restrict lower-income immigrants from becoming permanent U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has long denied green cards to people who used substantial cash assistance from the government. Now the rule applies to immigrants who have used, or might use, many more non-cash benefits, including food stamps and MediCal — even for short periods. San Francisco and Santa Clara counties filed the first challenge to the rule, saying it could hurt the U.S. citizen children of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Refugee and humanitarian restrictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/us-annual-refugee-resettlement-ceilings-and-number-refugees-admitted-united\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">slashed\u003c/a> the number of refugees the U.S. will admit annually — from 85,000 when he was elected, to a historic low of 18,000 for 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Little tweaks have huge policy implications. So any future administration that’s more friendly to immigration is going to require decades to reverse this.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The administration has also tried to terminate Temporary Protected Status for citizens of six countries allowed to stay in the U.S. following war or natural disaster. Roughly \u003ca href=\"https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20190329_RS20844_40bba737bf5e4440ac7bebb19757db87fe994fa4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">400,000 TPS holders\u003c/a> could face deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11783511/trump-administration-extends-protections-for-many-salvadorans-living-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the administration from ending TPS for people from El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua, Sudan, Honduras and Nepal. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is deciding whether to allow that injunction to stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Aiming to expand detention of children\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in immigration custody are protected by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aila.org/infonet/flores-v-reno-settlement-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Flores settlement agreement\u003c/a>. It says children should be released to an adult sponsor — but if they remain in custody, it must be in a licensed child care facility, not a jail-like setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a federal judge in Los Angeles ruled that kids must be released promptly from ICE family detention centers, generally within 20 days. Last year, the Trump administration published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769437/whats-in-new-trump-immigration-rule-overriding-flores-agreement-3-key-changes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rules aimed\u003c/a> at replacing Flores and permitting long-term family detention, which the L.A. judge blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, six migrant children \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/six-children-died-in-border-patrol-care-democrats-in-congress-want-to-know-why\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">died\u003c/a> of illness in federal custody between September 2018 and May 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Tightening pressure on immigration courts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department, which oversees immigration courts, has tried to speed up deportations by setting a quota requiring judges to complete 700 cases a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-Attorney General Sessions also stripped authority from immigration judges, barring them from dismissing or suspending low-priority cases. Sessions also ordered judges to reopen more than 300,000 cases that had been administratively closed. That’s on top of a historic backlog of more than 1 million cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration judges say their limited discretion and the pressure to close cases faster is creating an “\u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/mental-health/480165-immigration-judges-are-retiring-and-quitting-early\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unbearable\u003c/a>” work environment and threatening due process for immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11796924\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11796924\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A woman waits to hear her place on a list of people waiting in Tijuana, Mexico, on Nov. 18, 2018, to seek asylum in the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman waits to hear her place on a list of people waiting in Tijuana, Mexico, on Nov. 18, 2018, to seek asylum in the U.S. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Political Implications\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How lasting President Trump’s immigration restrictions prove will largely depend on the 2020 election, and who wins not just the presidency but also control of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his State of the Union speech in early February, Trump emphasized his push to build a border wall, his opposition to sanctuary cities and his agreements that turn back asylum-seekers at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a strategy that Jessica Vaughan, with the conservative Center for Immigration Studies, believes will be popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are insistent that the laws be enforced. That’s a strength for him going into this election and he knows it,” she said. “We’re going to see him keep doing things he thinks are going to play well with voters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But others believe Trump’s tough-on-immigrants approach could backfire this year, even though it worked for him in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Barreto, a professor of political science at UCLA and co-founder of the Latino Decisions polling firm, said \u003ca href=\"http://publications.unidosus.org/bitstream/handle/123456789/1996/TheStateoftheLatinoVote.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">polls show Latino\u003c/a> and immigrant voters are angry over the president’s racially polarizing language, family separations and the deaths of migrant children in federal custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one’s in favor of putting kids in cages and giving them space blankets,” Barreto said. “It’s a hard thing to sell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robust Latino turnout in 2018 helped flip at least a dozen congressional seats from Republican to Democrat, according to Barreto’s research, and it could play a big role in this year’s general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think on Super Tuesday we’ll get a really big clue,” he said. “We’ll have [primaries in] Texas and California both. If the turnout is really robust we’ll see that people are amped up and ready to participate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump is reelected, Vaughan and others expect him to put forward a major immigration bill crafted by presidential adviser and son-in-law Jared Kushner. The proposal codifies many restrictive enforcement measures and favors high-skilled immigrants over family-based immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For advocates and politicians, immigration is intensely polarizing, said Theresa Cardinal Brown, director of immigration policy at the centrist Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration is now ranking up amongst those insoluble, intractable issues like abortion and gun control,” she said. “There’s no middle ground that people will admit to … And that’s highly problematic for an issue like immigration that has to be legislated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she believes that public opinion is more nuanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People believe in a middle ground,” she said. “They say, ‘Sure we can secure our borders, but we can also have compassion for immigrants. Sure we can tighten our legal immigration system, but that doesn’t mean we have to break up families.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Immigration Advocates Call Sending Border Patrol Agents to Sanctuary Cities a Scare Tactic",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is planning to send border patrol agents to large sanctuary cities across the United States, like San Francisco, to assist with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some immigration experts think this move is just a scare tactic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the Department of Homeland Security confirmed that border patrol agents would be deployed to assist Immigration and Customs Enforcement, saying \"ICE does not have sufficient resources to effectively manage the sustained increase in non-detained cases which is exacerbated by the rise of sanctuary jurisdictions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But University of San Francisco law professor Bill Ong Hing disagrees with the idea that there aren't enough federal immigration officials to adequately enforce the area. [aside tag=\"immigration\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is likely true that there are fewer, per-capita, arrests in places like San Francisco and Santa Clara County than there are, per-capita, in other cities that are non-sanctuary cities,\" Hing said. \"But it's not because of lack of personnel. It's because the local police are not calling ICE up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are questioning the logic behind the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Reallocating CBP [Customs and Border Protection] agents for interior enforcement seems to suggest that the claimed crisis at the border cannot be the existential threat the administration has claimed it to be,\" said Pratheepan Gulasekaram, a law professor at Santa Clara University. \"Apparently elite CBP units can be spared for other activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/oceia/sanctuary-city-ordinance-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sanctuary ordinance\u003c/a>, passed in 1989, generally prevents city employees from using funds or resources to assist with federal immigration enforcement, unless required by state law. In 2013, the city passed the \"Due Process For All\" ordinance, which \"limits when City law enforcement officers may give ICE advance notice of a person’s release from local jail\" and prevents them from assisting with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detainers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ICE detainers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, then-Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621200/governor-jerry-brown-signs-sanctuary-state-bill-setting-up-standoff-with-trump-adminstration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed similar legislation\u003c/a> into law, making California a so-called \"sanctuary state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has been critical of these laws, arguing that they make the country less safe. In 2018, the federal government filed a legal challenge \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654234/a-g-sessions-to-make-major-announcement-on-sanctuary-policies-in-sacramento\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">against the policy\u003c/a>. And just a few weeks ago, President Trump highlighted sanctuary cities and states during his State of the Union address, calling it an \"outrageous law\" with \"catastrophic results.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, San Francisco Mayor London Breed said the deployment of CBP agents is \"designed to create widespread fear and distrust and will deeply harm our entire community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants rights organizations have also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pangealegal.org/news-and-updates/2020/2/14/press-release-california-immigrant-rights-advocates-condemn-militarized-escalation-against-sanctuary-cities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criticized the action\u003c/a>, calling it \"a calculated maneuver to promote fear and intimidate cities and states that are upholding our values of common humanity and equal justice for everyone, including immigrants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border patrol agents have additional authority within 100 miles of the U.S. border, which includes the cities of \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/other/constitution-100-mile-border-zone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco and Los Angeles\u003c/a>, that allows them to set up vehicle immigration checkpoints. However, agents cannot search a vehicle without a warrant or \"probable cause,\" meaning a\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/probable_cause\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> reasonable suspicion\u003c/a> that a crime has occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials would not confirm where exactly CBP agents would be sent, or how many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is planning to send border patrol agents to large sanctuary cities across the United States, like San Francisco, to assist with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some immigration experts think this move is just a scare tactic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the Department of Homeland Security confirmed that border patrol agents would be deployed to assist Immigration and Customs Enforcement, saying \"ICE does not have sufficient resources to effectively manage the sustained increase in non-detained cases which is exacerbated by the rise of sanctuary jurisdictions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But University of San Francisco law professor Bill Ong Hing disagrees with the idea that there aren't enough federal immigration officials to adequately enforce the area. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is likely true that there are fewer, per-capita, arrests in places like San Francisco and Santa Clara County than there are, per-capita, in other cities that are non-sanctuary cities,\" Hing said. \"But it's not because of lack of personnel. It's because the local police are not calling ICE up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are questioning the logic behind the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Reallocating CBP [Customs and Border Protection] agents for interior enforcement seems to suggest that the claimed crisis at the border cannot be the existential threat the administration has claimed it to be,\" said Pratheepan Gulasekaram, a law professor at Santa Clara University. \"Apparently elite CBP units can be spared for other activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/oceia/sanctuary-city-ordinance-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sanctuary ordinance\u003c/a>, passed in 1989, generally prevents city employees from using funds or resources to assist with federal immigration enforcement, unless required by state law. In 2013, the city passed the \"Due Process For All\" ordinance, which \"limits when City law enforcement officers may give ICE advance notice of a person’s release from local jail\" and prevents them from assisting with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detainers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ICE detainers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, then-Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621200/governor-jerry-brown-signs-sanctuary-state-bill-setting-up-standoff-with-trump-adminstration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed similar legislation\u003c/a> into law, making California a so-called \"sanctuary state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has been critical of these laws, arguing that they make the country less safe. In 2018, the federal government filed a legal challenge \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654234/a-g-sessions-to-make-major-announcement-on-sanctuary-policies-in-sacramento\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">against the policy\u003c/a>. And just a few weeks ago, President Trump highlighted sanctuary cities and states during his State of the Union address, calling it an \"outrageous law\" with \"catastrophic results.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, San Francisco Mayor London Breed said the deployment of CBP agents is \"designed to create widespread fear and distrust and will deeply harm our entire community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants rights organizations have also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pangealegal.org/news-and-updates/2020/2/14/press-release-california-immigrant-rights-advocates-condemn-militarized-escalation-against-sanctuary-cities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criticized the action\u003c/a>, calling it \"a calculated maneuver to promote fear and intimidate cities and states that are upholding our values of common humanity and equal justice for everyone, including immigrants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border patrol agents have additional authority within 100 miles of the U.S. border, which includes the cities of \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/other/constitution-100-mile-border-zone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco and Los Angeles\u003c/a>, that allows them to set up vehicle immigration checkpoints. However, agents cannot search a vehicle without a warrant or \"probable cause,\" meaning a\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/probable_cause\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> reasonable suspicion\u003c/a> that a crime has occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials would not confirm where exactly CBP agents would be sent, or how many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Judge Orders Trump Administration to Quickly Bring Back SF Man Wrongly Deported to Chad",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco told the Trump administration to expedite the return of a gay man who was deported to Chad last year while he was seeking asylum in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer told federal officials, including a representative from the Department of Homeland Security, to speed up the delivery of a boarding document to Abderaman Oumar Yaide that will allow him to return to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if they don't provide that letter before the next court-ordered status conference in two weeks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The government needs to put a boarding letter for a plane in Oumar's hands by that time and, if not, he'll order someone from the State Department to appear in front of him in court,\" said Yaide's lawyer, Sean Lai McMahon with Pangea Legal Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaide came to San Francisco in 2009, seeking political asylum. His case was denied by an immigration judge in 2014, and for years he's been appealing the decision. Since then, Yaide has come out as gay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11801925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11801925\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"Oumar Yaide, pictured with friends in San Francisco, has been in hiding in Chad since he was deported. Yaide's lawyers say he fears for his life in Chad, which outlawed homosexuality in 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oumar Yaide, pictured with friends in San Francisco, has been in hiding in Chad since he was deported. Yaide's lawyers say he fears for his life in Chad, which outlawed homosexuality in 2017. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Pangea Legal Services)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In August 2019, Yaide was arrested by immigration officials and placed in deportation proceedings. He and his lawyers asked the Board of Immigration Appeals to reconsider his asylum claim due to the fact that Chad had \u003ca href=\"https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/chad/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">outlawed homosexuality\u003c/a> in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the appeal was being processed, Yaide was deported back to Chad, in Central Africa, where his lawyers say he fears he will be \"tortured and killed by his own family, clan or the government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, Judge Breyer ordered the federal government to return him to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since being back in Chad, his lawyers said Yaide has been in hiding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the moment, he is not in immediate danger,\" McMahon said. \"But I think that every day that he spends there heightens the risk, and I don't want to keep taking that risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, McMahon reported that Yaide was able to obtain a Chadian passport. He did so with the help of a third party, in part because he’s afraid to go out in public, McMahon said. That brings him one step closer to being able to return to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, during the hearing, the government also said it would appeal the order to return Yaide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's incredibly surprising,” McMahon said. “When the judge issued his order on Dec. 18, he stayed the order, meaning it didn't go into effect in order to give the government time to appeal. So for them to file it now is frustrating for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers with the federal government said they're filing a \"protective appeal,\" a move that reserves the right to appeal the case, whether or not they follow through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems like just another roadblock the government is putting in the way of Oumar's right to come back and seek asylum here,\" McMahon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Breyer ordered the two sides to return to court on Feb. 28 to update him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several politicians have come out in support of Yaide, including U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?id=D71FF193-4D09-4D0D-8E62-F8D94745112D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sen. Dianne Feinstein\u003c/a>. Earlier this month, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors \u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2020/02/417035/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unanimously approved\u003c/a> a resolution supporting his return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen Scott Wiener and Assemblymember David Chiu have also expressed their support on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DavidChiu/status/1227304498684743680?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Scott_Wiener/status/1224011863152910343?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco told the Trump administration to expedite the return of a gay man who was deported to Chad last year while he was seeking asylum in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer told federal officials, including a representative from the Department of Homeland Security, to speed up the delivery of a boarding document to Abderaman Oumar Yaide that will allow him to return to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if they don't provide that letter before the next court-ordered status conference in two weeks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The government needs to put a boarding letter for a plane in Oumar's hands by that time and, if not, he'll order someone from the State Department to appear in front of him in court,\" said Yaide's lawyer, Sean Lai McMahon with Pangea Legal Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaide came to San Francisco in 2009, seeking political asylum. His case was denied by an immigration judge in 2014, and for years he's been appealing the decision. Since then, Yaide has come out as gay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11801925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11801925\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"Oumar Yaide, pictured with friends in San Francisco, has been in hiding in Chad since he was deported. Yaide's lawyers say he fears for his life in Chad, which outlawed homosexuality in 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oumar Yaide, pictured with friends in San Francisco, has been in hiding in Chad since he was deported. Yaide's lawyers say he fears for his life in Chad, which outlawed homosexuality in 2017. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Pangea Legal Services)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In August 2019, Yaide was arrested by immigration officials and placed in deportation proceedings. He and his lawyers asked the Board of Immigration Appeals to reconsider his asylum claim due to the fact that Chad had \u003ca href=\"https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/chad/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">outlawed homosexuality\u003c/a> in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the appeal was being processed, Yaide was deported back to Chad, in Central Africa, where his lawyers say he fears he will be \"tortured and killed by his own family, clan or the government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, Judge Breyer ordered the federal government to return him to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since being back in Chad, his lawyers said Yaide has been in hiding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the moment, he is not in immediate danger,\" McMahon said. \"But I think that every day that he spends there heightens the risk, and I don't want to keep taking that risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, McMahon reported that Yaide was able to obtain a Chadian passport. He did so with the help of a third party, in part because he’s afraid to go out in public, McMahon said. That brings him one step closer to being able to return to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, during the hearing, the government also said it would appeal the order to return Yaide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's incredibly surprising,” McMahon said. “When the judge issued his order on Dec. 18, he stayed the order, meaning it didn't go into effect in order to give the government time to appeal. So for them to file it now is frustrating for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers with the federal government said they're filing a \"protective appeal,\" a move that reserves the right to appeal the case, whether or not they follow through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems like just another roadblock the government is putting in the way of Oumar's right to come back and seek asylum here,\" McMahon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Breyer ordered the two sides to return to court on Feb. 28 to update him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several politicians have come out in support of Yaide, including U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?id=D71FF193-4D09-4D0D-8E62-F8D94745112D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sen. Dianne Feinstein\u003c/a>. Earlier this month, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors \u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2020/02/417035/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unanimously approved\u003c/a> a resolution supporting his return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen Scott Wiener and Assemblymember David Chiu have also expressed their support on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DavidChiu/status/1227304498684743680?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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