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"content": "\u003cp>An immigration judge is considering whether to release a San Francisco man from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention after a federal court ruled that his previous bond hearing violated his constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mario Ixchop Perez, 38, was detained by ICE in 2018 after racking up several convictions for alcohol-related offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a federal lawyer, between 2009 and 2015, Ixchop was pulled over five times for driving under the influence of alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his lawyer with the San Francisco Public Defender's office argues that, since his last arrest in 2015, he's completed \"extensive alcohol rehabilitation\" and has been sober since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop was originally being detained by ICE at the West County Detention Facility in Richmond. After Contra Costa County ended its contract to house ICE detainees, he was transferred to a private prison facility in Aurora, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop and his lawyers requested he be released on bond in 2018, so he could remain with his family while waiting for a separate court decision on whether or not he should be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He made a change for the better and he overcame his addiction, and then immigration detained him,\" said Deputy Public Defender Jennifer Friedman, who represents Ixchop. \"And for the next two years after that, he continued to build upon that solid foundation of sobriety and rehabilitation while he was detained.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge rejected the request, saying that Ixchop had not met his alleged burden of proving he's not dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Jan. 23, U.S. District Judge Edward J. Davila overturned that ruling, agreeing that the federal government had violated Ixchop's right to due process by placing the burden of proof on him to disprove that he was dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge then granted him another bond hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Immigration judges routinely place the burden on the detained non-citizen to prove that they're not a danger and that they're not a flight risk, and essentially holding these often unrepresented non-citizens to the impossible task of proving a negative,\" said Deputy Public Defender Friedman. \"What this judge held was a misinterpretation of federal law and that the constitution and due process require that — even at an initial bond hearing — the government bear the burden of establishing that the continued detention of a non-citizen is necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop has lived in San Francisco since he was 16-years-old, and attended Mission High School. He's married to a U.S. citizen and has three young children, ages 5, 4, and 2-years-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to be released to be with my wife and my three children to support them. I think the judge’s decision is fair. After two years of being detained by ICE, all I’m asking for is another chance,\" said Ixchop in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his second bond hearing on Friday, government lawyers argued that Ixchop shouldn’t be released because his drinking makes him a danger to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ixchop's youngest sister, who attended the hearing, said her brother should be given a second chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know that [he made] mistakes and, I think, they should give him a chance. For him to be with his family, provide for his family,\" Cecilia Ixchop said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge is due to rule on his case on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">A Concord woman with a life threatening condition who fought successfully to regain humanitarian protections for sick immigrants will attend President Trump’s State of the Union address next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Karla Bueso, Maria Isabel's mother\"]‘It’s such an honor for Maria Isabel. That girl has gone through some very difficult times, but she’s also getting to live some pretty exceptional moments.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Isabel Bueso, 24, became a public face of the plight of hundreds of immigrants who faced deportation last year after the Trump administration abruptly stopped issuing the temporary relief waivers they had relied on to stay in the United States and continue receiving medical treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bueso, who was born in Guatemala with a rare genetic disease, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798764/bernie-sanders-pulls-away-from-pack-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified at a congressional hearing\u003c/a> in September, insisting she would die if she were deported. National media outlets covered her story, and public outcry intensified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services reversed its position and resumed considering requests for so-called medical deferred action. In December, the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790433/concord-woman-with-rare-disease-granted-reprieve-from-deportation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">approved\u003c/a> Bueso’s request to remain in the U.S. for another two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the State of the Union on Feb. 4, Bueso will be the guest of Rep. Mark DeSaulnier, D-Concord, who called for the congressional hearing she testified at and later \u003ca href=\"https://desaulnier.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/congressman-desaulnier-announces-private-bill-protect-maria-isabel-bueso\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">introduced a House bill\u003c/a> that would grant legal permanent resident status to Bueso and her immediate family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bueso moved to the U.S. with her family when she was 7 after doctors in the Bay Area invited her to participate in a clinical trial for a new drug to treat her condition — Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial led to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s approval of the drug, which Bueso needs to survive. She receives it through intravenous infusions at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"maria-isabel-bueso\"]“Isabel is one of my personal heroes and she deserves to stay in this country,” DeSaulnier said in a statement. “I am proud to help lead her fight in Congress and am so pleased she is joining me for the State of the Union.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medicine is not available in Guatemala, said her doctor, Paul Harmatz, a pediatrician at the hospital who led the clinical trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disease has left Bueso confined to a wheelchair and dependent on a device implanted in her throat to breathe. But she still excelled in school, graduating summa cum laude from Cal State University, East Bay in 2018. Bueso also became a nationally recognized advocate for people with rare genetic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bueso’s mom, Karla, said she was grateful her daughter would be present at the State of the Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s such an honor for Maria Isabel,” said Karla, from the family’s home in Concord. “That girl has gone through some very difficult times, but she’s also getting to live some pretty exceptional moments.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">A Concord woman with a life threatening condition who fought successfully to regain humanitarian protections for sick immigrants will attend President Trump’s State of the Union address next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘It’s such an honor for Maria Isabel. That girl has gone through some very difficult times, but she’s also getting to live some pretty exceptional moments.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Isabel Bueso, 24, became a public face of the plight of hundreds of immigrants who faced deportation last year after the Trump administration abruptly stopped issuing the temporary relief waivers they had relied on to stay in the United States and continue receiving medical treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bueso, who was born in Guatemala with a rare genetic disease, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798764/bernie-sanders-pulls-away-from-pack-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified at a congressional hearing\u003c/a> in September, insisting she would die if she were deported. National media outlets covered her story, and public outcry intensified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services reversed its position and resumed considering requests for so-called medical deferred action. In December, the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790433/concord-woman-with-rare-disease-granted-reprieve-from-deportation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">approved\u003c/a> Bueso’s request to remain in the U.S. for another two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the State of the Union on Feb. 4, Bueso will be the guest of Rep. Mark DeSaulnier, D-Concord, who called for the congressional hearing she testified at and later \u003ca href=\"https://desaulnier.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/congressman-desaulnier-announces-private-bill-protect-maria-isabel-bueso\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">introduced a House bill\u003c/a> that would grant legal permanent resident status to Bueso and her immediate family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bueso moved to the U.S. with her family when she was 7 after doctors in the Bay Area invited her to participate in a clinical trial for a new drug to treat her condition — Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial led to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s approval of the drug, which Bueso needs to survive. She receives it through intravenous infusions at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Isabel is one of my personal heroes and she deserves to stay in this country,” DeSaulnier said in a statement. “I am proud to help lead her fight in Congress and am so pleased she is joining me for the State of the Union.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medicine is not available in Guatemala, said her doctor, Paul Harmatz, a pediatrician at the hospital who led the clinical trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disease has left Bueso confined to a wheelchair and dependent on a device implanted in her throat to breathe. But she still excelled in school, graduating summa cum laude from Cal State University, East Bay in 2018. Bueso also became a nationally recognized advocate for people with rare genetic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bueso’s mom, Karla, said she was grateful her daughter would be present at the State of the Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s such an honor for Maria Isabel,” said Karla, from the family’s home in Concord. “That girl has gone through some very difficult times, but she’s also getting to live some pretty exceptional moments.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "zero-tolerance-an-ongoing-history-of-family-separations-at-the-u-s-mexico-border",
"title": "Zero Tolerance: An Ongoing History of Family Separations at the US-Mexico Border",
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"content": "\u003cp>Immigration enforcement has been one of President Trump’s central issues. Immediately after taking office three years ago, his administration announced a series of policies designed to limit both legal and illegal immigration, and restrict access to asylum in the United States. Among the most controversial is the practice of migrant family separation, in which border agents have forcibly taken thousands of children away from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border, ostensibly to facilitate the prosecution of adults for crossing the border without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"2018 statement from U.N. human rights experts\"]‘We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice was widely condemned by human rights activists and community leaders in the U.S. and abroad. “Detention of children is punitive, severely hampers their development, and in some cases may amount to torture,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23245&LangID=E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United Nations human rights experts\u003c/a> said in a 2018 statement. “We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, a federal judge in San Diego ordered a stop to the practice and mandated that the government reunite the separated families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, under the judge’s orders, federal officials have been working to identify all of the separated parents and children. And the advocates who sued to halt the family separations have used that information to locate parents, many of whom were deported to Central America, and to make arrangements to reconnect them with their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family separation story is now seldom in the headlines, but many children still have not been reunited with their parents, and new families continue to be separated at the border, albeit in smaller numbers. A recent inspector general’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the agency responsible for unaccompanied migrant children, suggests that it may be impossible to ever know the complete number of families who have been affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the president enters his fourth year in office, KQED looks back at some key moments in the saga of this contentious government initiative and the many legal challenges to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 11, 2017: The First Enforcement Memo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798889\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798889\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Border Patrol agent speaks with Central American migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border fence on Feb. 1, 2019, in El Paso, Texas. The migrants were taken into custody, seeking political asylum in the United States. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Trump took office in 2017, the rate of illegal immigration into the U.S. was at one of its lowest points in the past three decades. However, the number of families with children arriving at the U.S. —Mexico border in search of asylum was rapidly increasing — particularly Central Americans fleeing violent conditions back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to halt the flow of those families, then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions in April 2017 issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/956841/download\">memorandum\u003c/a> asking federal prosecutors to prioritize the prosecution of certain immigration offenses, including “improper entry by an alien” to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/reports/GAO-19-163/#TOC_Letter_Findings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal report\u003c/a> later identified that memo, along with a separate enforcement initiative, as the directive that led the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to separate an increasing number of children from their parents along the El Paso, Texas, section of the border starting in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some government officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/trump-admin-ran-pilot-program-separating-migrant-families-2017-n887616\">have characterized\u003c/a> what happened in \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\">El Paso\u003c/a> as a kind of “pilot program” for the vast increase in family separations that would soon follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Feb. 26, 2018: The Family Separation Lawsuit\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798862\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1160px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11798862 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1160\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg 1160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-800x596.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-1020x760.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1160px) 100vw, 1160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ms. L., a Congolese mother escaping persecution in her homeland, was separated from her daughter after trying to seek refuge in the United States. \u003ccite>(Hope Hall/Courtesy of ACLU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against the federal government — \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/ms-l-v-ice-complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/a> —\u003c/em> on behalf of a Congolese mother who said she and her daughter had fled their home, “fearing certain death,” and were separated at the San Ysidro Port of Entry in San Diego. One month later, Ms. L.’s case became a class-action lawsuit representing all parents whose children were taken away from them at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 6, 2018: ‘Zero Tolerance’ Policy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798864\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions addresses the media during a press conference at Border Field State Park on May 7, 2018 in San Ysidro, California. Sessions was on a visit to the border along with ICE Deputy Director Thomas D. Homan to discuss the immigration enforcement actions of the Trump administration. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Sessions released another \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1049751/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo \u003c/a>establishing the Trump administration’s so-called “zero tolerance” policy, with the goal of criminally prosecuting all adults entering the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably,” Sessions said at a May 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0OvFlS9rQ0\">law enforcement conference\u003c/a> in Arizona. “If you don’t want your child to be separated, then don’t bring them across the border illegally.”[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Then-U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions in May 2018\"]‘If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hard-line policy gave immigration enforcement officials the green light to place thousands of undocumented parents in federal jails. And because minors aren’t allowed to be jailed with adults, their children were treated as “unaccompanied minors.” Children and infants were turned over to the Office of Refugee Resettlement, part of the HHS, which housed most of them in shelters or with foster families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcry against the policy was swift. Lawmakers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680446/faith-leaders-weigh-how-to-address-immigration-with-their-congregations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">religious leaders\u003c/a> and medical professionals condemned it, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678957/from-texas-to-california-older-women-take-to-streets-to-protest-u-s-immigration-policies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">citizen activists\u003c/a> took to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678414/photos-bay-area-cities-join-nationwide-families-belong-together-marches\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">streets\u003c/a> in protest. And at least 10 states, including California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11676317/california-nine-other-states-say-theyll-sue-trump-over-family-separations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threatened legal action\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/StatementOpposingSeparationofChildrenandParents.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issued a statement\u003c/a> forcefully opposing the practice. “Separating children from their parents contradicts everything we stand for as pediatricians — protecting and promoting children’s health,” wrote Colleen Kraft, the academy’s president at the time. “In fact, highly stressful experiences, like family separation, can cause irreparable harm, disrupting a child’s brain architecture and affecting his or her short- and long-term health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 20, 2018: Trump’s Executive Order\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798877\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798877\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters rally near a federal building in San Diego on June 23, 2018, demanding the reunification of thousands of children who were separated from their immigrant parents by border officials under the Trump administration’s controversial zero tolerance policy. \u003ccite>(David McNew/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the overwhelming backlash, President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/affording-congress-opportunity-address-family-separation/\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> on June 20, 2018, affirming that the government planned to continue prosecuting people for “improper entry,” but added that, “It is also the policy of this Administration to maintain family unity, including by detaining alien families together where appropriate and consistent with law and available resources. It is unfortunate that Congress’s failure to act and court orders have put the Administration in the position of separating alien families to effectively enforce the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 26, 2018: Judge Orders Stop to Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798871\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A boy and father from Honduras are taken into custody by U.S. Border Patrol agents near the U.S.-Mexico Border near Mission, Texas, on June 12, 2018. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Less than a week later, U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw, based in San Diego and presiding over the \u003cem>Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/em> case, ordered the government to stop the separations and swiftly reunify families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11677196\" label=\"Filomena's Story\"]“The facts set forth before the Court portray reactive governance — responses to address a chaotic circumstance of the Government’s own making,” Sabraw wrote in his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Sabraw’s supervision, federal officials began working to identify all the separated children in government custody at the time of the judge’s order. It took months, but eventually they tallied 2,815 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776-160x84.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the judge’s blessing, the ACLU formed a committee to track down the parents and find out how they wanted to proceed. Hundreds of parents had given up their asylum claims with the promise of having their children returned, only to be deported without them. Some of these parents decided their kids should stay in the U.S. with a relative to continue seeking asylum on their own. Others asked for their children to be returned to them in their home country. And a smaller number sought permission to return to the U.S. and resume their own petitions for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>March 8, 2019: Judge Orders Search for More Separated Families\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798988\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798988\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-800x522.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-1020x665.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young child is processed by border patrol agents after crossing into the United States from Mexico on June 02, 2019, in Sunland Park, New Mexico. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, the inspector general for HHS released a \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a> of the agency’s internal data on separated children. The report found that staff members had identified many more children who had been taken from their parents but were no longer in the agency’s custody and so were not covered by “the accounting required by the court.” The report concluded that thousands of additional families had potentially been separated without an order to reunite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw\"]‘They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Sabraw \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731845/judge-immigration-must-identify-thousands-more-migrant-kids-separated-from-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in March 2019 expanded the class\u003c/a> of parents covered by the \u003cem>Ms. L.\u003c/em> lawsuit to include those who were separated between July 1, 2017 — when separations reportedly began in El Paso — and June 25, 2018, the day before his original injunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the current class members, they too were separated from their children,” Sabraw wrote in the decision. “They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This group of families was particularly difficult to identify because the children were no longer in the custody of the Refugee Resettlement Office, and Homeland Security officials had not told the agency that those children had been taken from their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of investigating, government officials delivered their findings to the court on Oct. 25, 2019 — 1,556 additional children had been separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798997\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU’s steering committee set out to locate those parents and has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785409/new-search-begins-for-deported-parents-of-separated-migrant-children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">engaged community groups in Central America\u003c/a> to assist. Some participants in the effort have described spending 12 hours walking around remote villages in search of a single parent. The effort is still being conducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>July 30, 2019: ACLU Condemns Ongoing Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798875\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran child plays at the Catholic Charities Humanitarian Respite Center in McAllen, Texas, on June 21, 2018, after recently crossing the U.S.-Mexico border with his father. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Sabraw’s original injunction barring the separation of families at the border, he included an exemption for cases where authorities had deemed the parent unfit or a danger to the child.[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt\"]‘It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents. The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security officials have said they only rarely take such a step and only for the safety of children. But ACLU lawyers said the government had reported hundreds of ongoing separations after Sabraw halted the practice, including for minor criminal infractions, like petty theft or traffic violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the ACLU asked the judge to \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.casd.564097/gov.uscourts.casd.564097.439.0_3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clarify the standard\u003c/a> for when the government is allowed to separate families in order “to ensure that children are not taken away from their parents absent an objective reason to believe that the parent is unfit or a danger to their child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the ACLU, government numbers show that, as of Dec. 21, 2019, 1,142 children had been separated due to this exception, bringing the total of all separated families to at least 5,513, with the government reporting a handful of additional separations each month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents,” ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt said. “The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11799002\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Jan. 13, 2020: Judge Approves Most Ongoing Family Separations\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran mother holds her 2-year-old daughter while being detained by U.S. Border Patrol agents in McAllen, Texas, near the U.S.-Mexico border. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In January, Sabraw responded to the ACLU’s request for clarification as to when family separations at the border are acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://ecf.casd.uscourts.gov/doc1/037115434524\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruling\u003c/a>, he largely sided with the federal government, writing that child welfare standards are not the only consideration (as the ACLU had argued) — national security concerns are also a factor. “In this context, the government interests go well beyond just the fitness and danger that a parent may present to his or her own child,” Sabraw wrote. “Rather, the government interests extend to securing the Nation’s borders and enforcing the Nation’s criminal and immigration laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11711704\" label=\"Yvette's Story\"]He added that the government is entitled to separate children from their parents “based on any criminal history, not just criminal history that bears on a parent’s fitness or danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw also asserted that the court should not “engage in prospective oversight” of family separation decisions, because the executive branch of government has the right to control security at the border. He also pointed out that separations at the border have declined dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Looking Ahead\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798987\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798987\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-1020x688.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seven-year-old Andy is reunited with his mother, Arely, at Baltimore-Washington International Airport on July 23, 2018. Originally from El Salvador, the mother and son were separated upon entering the United States on June 13. Arely was detained at the Port Isabel Detention Center in Texas while Andy was detained in New York. \u003ccite>(Win McNamee/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late 2019, HHS’ inspector general issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> about family separations that was made public in January. It stated that when the government began its zero tolerance policy of prosecuting all adult border crossers, including parents, Homeland Security officials lacked the technology to keep track of the thousands of parents and children they separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January 2020, hundreds — and possibly thousands — of families are still not reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of the first group of 2,815 children identified, 18 separated children are still in the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement — more than a year and a half after Sabraw ordered them returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw\"]‘The unfortunate reality will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the the 1,556 additional families who the government determined had been separated under the zero tolerance policy as far back as July 2017, are still in the early stages. The ACLU’s steering committee has so far made contact with just 364 of those parents — by phone or by tracking them down in person on the ground in Central America. But advocates say those parents are so traumatized from losing their children that it’s hard to build enough trust to begin reuniting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be a real struggle to ensure that the families believe that there can still be a path forward where reunification is even an option,” said Nan Schivone, legal director for the advocacy group Justice in Motion, and a member of the steering committee. “Our defenders are reporting that many deported parents are stuck in an emotional limbo, and it’s kind of hard for them to even process that they’ve been contacted and found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the 1,142 or more children taken from their parents after the judge halted family separations. So far, neither the government nor the ACLU has estimated how many of them have been returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent legal filing, government officials expressed confidence that they’ve identified “substantially all the possible children” separated at the border. But during a December settlement conference, Sabraw voiced concern. “The unfortunate reality,” he said, “will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In 2017, the Trump administration introduced its 'zero tolerance' policy to separate migrant parents seeking asylum from their children, part of an effort to deter the number of immigrants trying to enter the United States. ",
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"title": "Zero Tolerance: An Ongoing History of Family Separations at the US-Mexico Border | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Immigration enforcement has been one of President Trump’s central issues. Immediately after taking office three years ago, his administration announced a series of policies designed to limit both legal and illegal immigration, and restrict access to asylum in the United States. Among the most controversial is the practice of migrant family separation, in which border agents have forcibly taken thousands of children away from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border, ostensibly to facilitate the prosecution of adults for crossing the border without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice was widely condemned by human rights activists and community leaders in the U.S. and abroad. “Detention of children is punitive, severely hampers their development, and in some cases may amount to torture,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23245&LangID=E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United Nations human rights experts\u003c/a> said in a 2018 statement. “We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, a federal judge in San Diego ordered a stop to the practice and mandated that the government reunite the separated families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, under the judge’s orders, federal officials have been working to identify all of the separated parents and children. And the advocates who sued to halt the family separations have used that information to locate parents, many of whom were deported to Central America, and to make arrangements to reconnect them with their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family separation story is now seldom in the headlines, but many children still have not been reunited with their parents, and new families continue to be separated at the border, albeit in smaller numbers. A recent inspector general’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the agency responsible for unaccompanied migrant children, suggests that it may be impossible to ever know the complete number of families who have been affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the president enters his fourth year in office, KQED looks back at some key moments in the saga of this contentious government initiative and the many legal challenges to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 11, 2017: The First Enforcement Memo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798889\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798889\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Border Patrol agent speaks with Central American migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border fence on Feb. 1, 2019, in El Paso, Texas. The migrants were taken into custody, seeking political asylum in the United States. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Trump took office in 2017, the rate of illegal immigration into the U.S. was at one of its lowest points in the past three decades. However, the number of families with children arriving at the U.S. —Mexico border in search of asylum was rapidly increasing — particularly Central Americans fleeing violent conditions back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to halt the flow of those families, then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions in April 2017 issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/956841/download\">memorandum\u003c/a> asking federal prosecutors to prioritize the prosecution of certain immigration offenses, including “improper entry by an alien” to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/reports/GAO-19-163/#TOC_Letter_Findings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal report\u003c/a> later identified that memo, along with a separate enforcement initiative, as the directive that led the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to separate an increasing number of children from their parents along the El Paso, Texas, section of the border starting in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some government officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/trump-admin-ran-pilot-program-separating-migrant-families-2017-n887616\">have characterized\u003c/a> what happened in \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\">El Paso\u003c/a> as a kind of “pilot program” for the vast increase in family separations that would soon follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Feb. 26, 2018: The Family Separation Lawsuit\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798862\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1160px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11798862 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1160\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg 1160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-800x596.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-1020x760.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1160px) 100vw, 1160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ms. L., a Congolese mother escaping persecution in her homeland, was separated from her daughter after trying to seek refuge in the United States. \u003ccite>(Hope Hall/Courtesy of ACLU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against the federal government — \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/ms-l-v-ice-complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/a> —\u003c/em> on behalf of a Congolese mother who said she and her daughter had fled their home, “fearing certain death,” and were separated at the San Ysidro Port of Entry in San Diego. One month later, Ms. L.’s case became a class-action lawsuit representing all parents whose children were taken away from them at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 6, 2018: ‘Zero Tolerance’ Policy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798864\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions addresses the media during a press conference at Border Field State Park on May 7, 2018 in San Ysidro, California. Sessions was on a visit to the border along with ICE Deputy Director Thomas D. Homan to discuss the immigration enforcement actions of the Trump administration. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Sessions released another \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1049751/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo \u003c/a>establishing the Trump administration’s so-called “zero tolerance” policy, with the goal of criminally prosecuting all adults entering the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably,” Sessions said at a May 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0OvFlS9rQ0\">law enforcement conference\u003c/a> in Arizona. “If you don’t want your child to be separated, then don’t bring them across the border illegally.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hard-line policy gave immigration enforcement officials the green light to place thousands of undocumented parents in federal jails. And because minors aren’t allowed to be jailed with adults, their children were treated as “unaccompanied minors.” Children and infants were turned over to the Office of Refugee Resettlement, part of the HHS, which housed most of them in shelters or with foster families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcry against the policy was swift. Lawmakers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680446/faith-leaders-weigh-how-to-address-immigration-with-their-congregations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">religious leaders\u003c/a> and medical professionals condemned it, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678957/from-texas-to-california-older-women-take-to-streets-to-protest-u-s-immigration-policies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">citizen activists\u003c/a> took to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678414/photos-bay-area-cities-join-nationwide-families-belong-together-marches\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">streets\u003c/a> in protest. And at least 10 states, including California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11676317/california-nine-other-states-say-theyll-sue-trump-over-family-separations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threatened legal action\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/StatementOpposingSeparationofChildrenandParents.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issued a statement\u003c/a> forcefully opposing the practice. “Separating children from their parents contradicts everything we stand for as pediatricians — protecting and promoting children’s health,” wrote Colleen Kraft, the academy’s president at the time. “In fact, highly stressful experiences, like family separation, can cause irreparable harm, disrupting a child’s brain architecture and affecting his or her short- and long-term health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 20, 2018: Trump’s Executive Order\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798877\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798877\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters rally near a federal building in San Diego on June 23, 2018, demanding the reunification of thousands of children who were separated from their immigrant parents by border officials under the Trump administration’s controversial zero tolerance policy. \u003ccite>(David McNew/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the overwhelming backlash, President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/affording-congress-opportunity-address-family-separation/\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> on June 20, 2018, affirming that the government planned to continue prosecuting people for “improper entry,” but added that, “It is also the policy of this Administration to maintain family unity, including by detaining alien families together where appropriate and consistent with law and available resources. It is unfortunate that Congress’s failure to act and court orders have put the Administration in the position of separating alien families to effectively enforce the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 26, 2018: Judge Orders Stop to Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798871\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A boy and father from Honduras are taken into custody by U.S. Border Patrol agents near the U.S.-Mexico Border near Mission, Texas, on June 12, 2018. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Less than a week later, U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw, based in San Diego and presiding over the \u003cem>Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/em> case, ordered the government to stop the separations and swiftly reunify families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The facts set forth before the Court portray reactive governance — responses to address a chaotic circumstance of the Government’s own making,” Sabraw wrote in his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Sabraw’s supervision, federal officials began working to identify all the separated children in government custody at the time of the judge’s order. It took months, but eventually they tallied 2,815 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776-160x84.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the judge’s blessing, the ACLU formed a committee to track down the parents and find out how they wanted to proceed. Hundreds of parents had given up their asylum claims with the promise of having their children returned, only to be deported without them. Some of these parents decided their kids should stay in the U.S. with a relative to continue seeking asylum on their own. Others asked for their children to be returned to them in their home country. And a smaller number sought permission to return to the U.S. and resume their own petitions for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>March 8, 2019: Judge Orders Search for More Separated Families\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798988\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798988\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-800x522.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-1020x665.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young child is processed by border patrol agents after crossing into the United States from Mexico on June 02, 2019, in Sunland Park, New Mexico. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, the inspector general for HHS released a \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a> of the agency’s internal data on separated children. The report found that staff members had identified many more children who had been taken from their parents but were no longer in the agency’s custody and so were not covered by “the accounting required by the court.” The report concluded that thousands of additional families had potentially been separated without an order to reunite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Sabraw \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731845/judge-immigration-must-identify-thousands-more-migrant-kids-separated-from-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in March 2019 expanded the class\u003c/a> of parents covered by the \u003cem>Ms. L.\u003c/em> lawsuit to include those who were separated between July 1, 2017 — when separations reportedly began in El Paso — and June 25, 2018, the day before his original injunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the current class members, they too were separated from their children,” Sabraw wrote in the decision. “They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This group of families was particularly difficult to identify because the children were no longer in the custody of the Refugee Resettlement Office, and Homeland Security officials had not told the agency that those children had been taken from their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of investigating, government officials delivered their findings to the court on Oct. 25, 2019 — 1,556 additional children had been separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798997\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU’s steering committee set out to locate those parents and has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785409/new-search-begins-for-deported-parents-of-separated-migrant-children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">engaged community groups in Central America\u003c/a> to assist. Some participants in the effort have described spending 12 hours walking around remote villages in search of a single parent. The effort is still being conducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>July 30, 2019: ACLU Condemns Ongoing Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798875\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran child plays at the Catholic Charities Humanitarian Respite Center in McAllen, Texas, on June 21, 2018, after recently crossing the U.S.-Mexico border with his father. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Sabraw’s original injunction barring the separation of families at the border, he included an exemption for cases where authorities had deemed the parent unfit or a danger to the child.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents. The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security officials have said they only rarely take such a step and only for the safety of children. But ACLU lawyers said the government had reported hundreds of ongoing separations after Sabraw halted the practice, including for minor criminal infractions, like petty theft or traffic violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the ACLU asked the judge to \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.casd.564097/gov.uscourts.casd.564097.439.0_3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clarify the standard\u003c/a> for when the government is allowed to separate families in order “to ensure that children are not taken away from their parents absent an objective reason to believe that the parent is unfit or a danger to their child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the ACLU, government numbers show that, as of Dec. 21, 2019, 1,142 children had been separated due to this exception, bringing the total of all separated families to at least 5,513, with the government reporting a handful of additional separations each month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents,” ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt said. “The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11799002\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Jan. 13, 2020: Judge Approves Most Ongoing Family Separations\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran mother holds her 2-year-old daughter while being detained by U.S. Border Patrol agents in McAllen, Texas, near the U.S.-Mexico border. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In January, Sabraw responded to the ACLU’s request for clarification as to when family separations at the border are acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://ecf.casd.uscourts.gov/doc1/037115434524\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruling\u003c/a>, he largely sided with the federal government, writing that child welfare standards are not the only consideration (as the ACLU had argued) — national security concerns are also a factor. “In this context, the government interests go well beyond just the fitness and danger that a parent may present to his or her own child,” Sabraw wrote. “Rather, the government interests extend to securing the Nation’s borders and enforcing the Nation’s criminal and immigration laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He added that the government is entitled to separate children from their parents “based on any criminal history, not just criminal history that bears on a parent’s fitness or danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw also asserted that the court should not “engage in prospective oversight” of family separation decisions, because the executive branch of government has the right to control security at the border. He also pointed out that separations at the border have declined dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Looking Ahead\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798987\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798987\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-1020x688.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seven-year-old Andy is reunited with his mother, Arely, at Baltimore-Washington International Airport on July 23, 2018. Originally from El Salvador, the mother and son were separated upon entering the United States on June 13. Arely was detained at the Port Isabel Detention Center in Texas while Andy was detained in New York. \u003ccite>(Win McNamee/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late 2019, HHS’ inspector general issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> about family separations that was made public in January. It stated that when the government began its zero tolerance policy of prosecuting all adult border crossers, including parents, Homeland Security officials lacked the technology to keep track of the thousands of parents and children they separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January 2020, hundreds — and possibly thousands — of families are still not reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of the first group of 2,815 children identified, 18 separated children are still in the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement — more than a year and a half after Sabraw ordered them returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Many Latinx writers, including here in the Bay Area, have expressed frustration with \u003cem>American Dirt\u003c/em>, a new book by Jeanine Cummins that has been called the next great American novel. Oprah even selected it for her book club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also been criticized for an inaccurate, stereotypical depiction of migrants who are trying to cross the US-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it had been published and kind of billed as, ‘This is our romanticized view of the border and its just for entertainment,’ there’s room for that on the shelves for whoever wants to read that story,” said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ingrid_rojas_c\">Ingrid Rojas Contreras\u003c/a>, author of \u003cem>Fruit of the Drunken Tree.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To call it the novel of Las Americas and to put this much attention on a book that is actually erasing the politics at the border, I think, does more harm than good,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And all the hype surrounding the novel’s release – including a seven-figure advance for Cummins – has raised questions about which stories about migrants get attention, and which ones don’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look where we’re at,” said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ovillalon\">Oscar Villalon\u003c/a>, managing editor of the journal \u003cem>Zyzzyva. “\u003c/em>If it hasn’t been driven into your skull by now, clearly, not all Americans are valued the same.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guests\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ingrid_rojas_c\">Ingrid Rojas Contreras\u003c/a>, author of \u003cem>Fruit of the Drunken Tree\u003c/em>, and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ovillalon\">Oscar Villalon\u003c/a>, managing editor of the journal \u003cem>Zyzzyva\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb data-stringify-type=\"bold\">Oscar Villalon’s Recommendations:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Devil’s Highway: A True Story” by Luis Alberto Urrea\u003cbr>\n“The Beast: Riding the Rails and Dodging Narcos on the Migrant Trail” by Oscar Martinez\u003cbr>\n“The Distance Between Us: A Memoir” by Reyna Grande\u003cbr>\n“The Faraway Brothers: Two Young Migrants and the Making of an American Life” by Lauren Markham’s\u003cbr>\n“By the Lake of Sleeping Children: The Secret Life of the Mexican Border” by Luis Alberto Urrea\u003cbr>\n“The Death and Life of Aida Hernandez: A Border Story” by Aaron Bobrow-Strain\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb data-stringify-type=\"bold\">Ingrid \u003c/b>\u003cb data-stringify-type=\"bold\">Rojas Contreras’ Recommendations:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tell Me How It Ends: An Essay in Forty Questions” by Valeria Luiselli\u003cbr>\n“Retablos” by Octavio Solis\u003cbr>\n“Unaccompanied” by Javier Zamora\u003cbr>\n“Tears of the Trufflepig” by Francisco Flores\u003cbr>\n“Signs Preceding the End of the World” by Yuri Herrera\u003cbr>\n“Lost Children Archive” by Valeria Luiselli\u003cspan class=\"c-message__edited_label\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-describedby=\"slack-kit-tooltip\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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[aside tag='immigration' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to reconcile because we have two different agendas, but we’re both in the same place, so we’re trying our best,” said Daniel Watman, a Spanish teacher who spearheads the garden for the volunteer group, \u003ca href=\"https://www.friendshippark.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Friends of Friendship Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an art festival in 2005, David Smith Jr., known as “The Human Cannonball,” flashed his passport, lowered himself into a barrel and was shot over the wall on the nearby beach, landing on a net with U.S. Border Patrol agents nearby. In 2017, professional swimmers crossed the border from the U.S. in the Pacific Ocean and landed on the same beach, where a Mexican official greeted them with stamped passports and schoolchildren cheered. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol has been less receptive to events that carry an overtly political message or that, in its view, take things too far. In 2017, it rejected the Dresdner Symphony Orchestra’s plans for a cross-border concert named, “Tear Down This Wall.” It also nixed a “Let Them Hug” signature campaign to allow “touch time” across the border on weekends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agents briefly opened a heavy steel gate several times a year but ended the practice after an American man and Mexican woman wed in a cross-border ceremony in 2017. They were furious to learn later that the groom was a convicted drug smuggler whose criminal record prohibited him from entering Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends of Friendship Park, which advocates for “unrestricted access to this historic meeting place,” said the garden was created in 2007, shortly before a second barrier created a buffer enforcement zone that the Border Patrol opens to the public on weekends only. People can barely touch fingertips through a steel mesh screen during those weekend encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol said in a statement after the garden was bulldozed that it was being used “as cover to hide smuggling activities.” It released photos that showed a padlock on the Mexican side, which smugglers apparently used to keep the roughly 18-inch (46-centimeter) opening to themselves. [pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Daniel Watman']‘It’s hard to reconcile because we have two different agendas, but we’re both in the same place, so we’re trying our best.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walls are often breached. Manny Bayon, president of the National Border Patrol Council union local that represents San Diego-area agents, said some have cut through President Donald Trump’s new wall of high, concrete-filled steel bollards. Smugglers use cordless grinders that cost about $100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends of Friendship Park met Jan. 15 with Douglas Harrison, the Border Patrol’s interim San Diego chief, and settled on a plan to resurrect the garden. Harrison said the intent was to trim, not destroy, it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We take full responsibility, are investigating the event, & look forward to working with (Friends of Friendship Park) on the path forward,” Harrison said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A compromise called for the garden to be set back 4 feet (1.2 meters) from the wall to give agents better visibility with minimal planting on the next 4 feet to better facilitate temporarily removal when construction crews replace the existing barrier with Trump’s wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was last-minute misunderstanding Saturday when Watman said the group’s willingness to set the garden back came with permission to plant over a larger space, which the agents on duty wouldn’t allow. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walls are often breached. Manny Bayon, president of the National Border Patrol Council union local that represents San Diego-area agents, said some have cut through President Donald Trump’s new wall of high, concrete-filled steel bollards. Smugglers use cordless grinders that cost about $100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends of Friendship Park met Jan. 15 with Douglas Harrison, the Border Patrol’s interim San Diego chief, and settled on a plan to resurrect the garden. Harrison said the intent was to trim, not destroy, it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We take full responsibility, are investigating the event, & look forward to working with (Friends of Friendship Park) on the path forward,” Harrison said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A compromise called for the garden to be set back 4 feet (1.2 meters) from the wall to give agents better visibility with minimal planting on the next 4 feet to better facilitate temporarily removal when construction crews replace the existing barrier with Trump’s wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was last-minute misunderstanding Saturday when Watman said the group’s willingness to set the garden back came with permission to plant over a larger space, which the agents on duty wouldn’t allow. Watman agreed to shrink his blueprint and take it up later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things are always up in the air somewhat,” he said. “There’s a little bit of playing it by ear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol released a statement Saturday that said it values “the friendships we have built over the years with the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident that this relationship will continue as we move into a new era of the bi-national garden,” it said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Nine Central American parents who were forcibly separated from their children at the southern border under the Trump administration’s “zero tolerance” policy, and then deported without their kids, landed Wednesday night at Los Angeles International Airport to reunite with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asylum-seekers had permission to be admitted to the United States as a result of a federal court order. While some in the group continued their journey to different U.S. cities, others, like Esvin Fernando Arredondo, passed through the arrival gate at LAX to find their families waiting for them with open arms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arredondo, all smiles, embraced his three daughters and wife, who he hadn’t seen for nearly two years. It was a moment he said he had prayed for during many sleepless nights after U.S. authorities sent him back to Guatemala in August 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday afternoon, as he waited to board his U.S.-bound flight at the airport in Guatemala City, he said the prospect of reuniting with his daughters felt “like a miracle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel completely happy,” said Arredondo, 44. “I want to recover some of the time I lost with my daughters, with my family. All I want to do is be with them, hug them and kiss them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arredondo is one of 11 parents who will also have a chance to pursue their asylum claims in the U.S. after a federal judge in San Diego ordered the government to allow them to return. Two of those parents were not part of the group that arrived together from Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/supportKIND/status/1220367702667251713?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw ruled that U.S. authorities had unlawfully removed these parents. He cited evidence that immigration officers had misled or coerced them into signing deportation orders, and that some parents had agreed to abandon their asylum claims believing it would allow them to get their kids back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782685/new-tally-totals-over-5500-kids-taken-from-parents-at-the-border\">5,500 children were forcibly separated from their parents\u003c/a> at the U.S.-Mexico border before and after the official start of “zero tolerance” in the spring of 2018. At least 471 parents were then deported to Central America without their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a lawsuit seeking to reunite the families, ACLU attorneys for the separated parents said it was unlikely that many more of the deported parents would be allowed by Sabraw to return to the U.S. But Linda Dakin-Grimm, Arredondo’s attorney, said the arriving parents were still making history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s only nine of them, but they are, I hope, a beacon of hope for many, many other people who haven’t had any kind of remedy for what happened to them,” said Dakin-Grimm, a pro bono lawyer with the nonprofit Kids in Need of Defense, who is also representing Arredondo’s wife and children in their asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Family Separations at the Border\" tag=\"family-separation\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to his declaration to the court, Arredondo’s family fled Guatemala in February 2018 after his 17-year-old son, Marco, was murdered by alleged gang members. Arredondo and his wife feared they or their daughters would be next. Police would not protect them, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family sold their home and began the trek to the U.S., Arredondo said, but in Mexico, he and his 11-year-old daughter Andrea were stopped and questioned by authorities, and got separated from the rest of the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arredondo’s wife, Cleivi Jerez, and daughters Keyli and Alison made it to the Texas border and passed an initial asylum screening, known as a “credible fear” interview. They were then allowed to join relatives in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Arredondo and Andrea presented themselves to U.S. border officials in May 2018, he said, a crying Andrea was taken away while he protested. Arredondo was detained for three months, and did not pass his interview to establish a fear of returning to Guatemala, although his reasons were the same as his family’s. He was then deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrea spent about a month in a government-contracted shelter before she was released to her mother, according to Dakin-Grimm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Guatemala City, Arredondo said he was afraid the gang, known as Mara 18, would kill him. He said he couldn’t return to his old part of town, where he had worked as a taxi driver and participated in a neighborhood watch group of friends trying to protect their families. He said he believes that joining the group had made his family a target of the gang. On his return, Arredondo said, he survived on odd jobs, painting homes or doing construction work, while worrying about his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very, very difficult,” he said. “After the deportation, I arrived in Guatemala with no money, no extra clothes, no home, and worst of all — no family. I spent entire nights unable to sleep, just thinking about them, hoping they were alright.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Trump administration has stopped large-scale separations of migrant parents from their children, Department of Homeland Security officials are implementing new policies that have drastically reduced access to asylum for Central American migrants at the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such policy, the Migrant Protection Protocols, has allowed authorities to return more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11796825/one-year-into-trump-remain-in-mexico-policy-congress-increases-scrutiny\">57,000 non-Mexican asylum-seekers\u003c/a> to Mexico to wait while their claims are processed in the U.S. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about 0.2% of the people in the program have won asylum since it began a year ago, compared to 29% of all asylum-seekers last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to his declaration to the court, Arredondo’s family fled Guatemala in February 2018 after his 17-year-old son, Marco, was murdered by alleged gang members. Arredondo and his wife feared they or their daughters would be next. Police would not protect them, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family sold their home and began the trek to the U.S., Arredondo said, but in Mexico, he and his 11-year-old daughter Andrea were stopped and questioned by authorities, and got separated from the rest of the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arredondo’s wife, Cleivi Jerez, and daughters Keyli and Alison made it to the Texas border and passed an initial asylum screening, known as a “credible fear” interview. They were then allowed to join relatives in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Arredondo and Andrea presented themselves to U.S. border officials in May 2018, he said, a crying Andrea was taken away while he protested. Arredondo was detained for three months, and did not pass his interview to establish a fear of returning to Guatemala, although his reasons were the same as his family’s. He was then deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrea spent about a month in a government-contracted shelter before she was released to her mother, according to Dakin-Grimm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Guatemala City, Arredondo said he was afraid the gang, known as Mara 18, would kill him. He said he couldn’t return to his old part of town, where he had worked as a taxi driver and participated in a neighborhood watch group of friends trying to protect their families. He said he believes that joining the group had made his family a target of the gang. On his return, Arredondo said, he survived on odd jobs, painting homes or doing construction work, while worrying about his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very, very difficult,” he said. “After the deportation, I arrived in Guatemala with no money, no extra clothes, no home, and worst of all — no family. I spent entire nights unable to sleep, just thinking about them, hoping they were alright.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Trump administration has stopped large-scale separations of migrant parents from their children, Department of Homeland Security officials are implementing new policies that have drastically reduced access to asylum for Central American migrants at the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such policy, the Migrant Protection Protocols, has allowed authorities to return more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11796825/one-year-into-trump-remain-in-mexico-policy-congress-increases-scrutiny\">57,000 non-Mexican asylum-seekers\u003c/a> to Mexico to wait while their claims are processed in the U.S. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about 0.2% of the people in the program have won asylum since it began a year ago, compared to 29% of all asylum-seekers last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The House Judiciary Committee has stepped up an investigation into a Trump administration policy that has forced more than 57,000 asylum-seekers to wait in Mexico potentially for months — often in extremely dangerous regions — while their claims are processed in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year-old policy, officially called \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2019/01/24/migrant-protection-protocols\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Migrant Protection Protocols\u003c/a>, or MPP, is one of a series of moves by administration officials to fundamentally restructure this country’s asylum system and drastically restrict access to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the Judiciary Committee \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/uploadedfiles/judiciary_objections_to_mpp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">asked \u003c/a>the Department of Homeland Security to turn over documents about how the program, known informally as the “Remain in Mexico” policy, is being implemented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose Rep. Zoe Lofgren, who chairs the Judiciary’s immigration subcommittee, said the administration is trampling the rights of asylum-seekers and making the protections unattainable for people with legitimate claims. Meanwhile, women, children and other vulnerable migrants are being “preyed upon by gangs and criminals” as they wait in Mexico, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current situation is really appalling,” said Lofgren. “The administration is acting without regard to what the law requires ... it's important to note that seeking asylum is provided for under law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By law, anyone who reaches the U.S. and can make a case that they face persecution at home has a right to claim protection, regardless of whether they come to an official port of entry or enter the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Ian Philabaum, director of border programs at Innovation Law Lab\"]'Thousands and thousands of people in Mexico, along the U.S.-Mexico border, are living on the streets, switching shelter to shelter every couple of days … struggling to feed their children.'[/pullquote]Among other things, Lofgren and her colleagues are requesting information on cases where border authorities \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/09/794587498/this-migrant-won-in-immigration-court-and-the-u-s-sent-him-to-mexico-anyway\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">returned people to Mexico\u003c/a> even after they were granted asylum by a U.S. immigration judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The congressional inquiry comes nearly a year after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/29/689819928/trump-administration-begins-remain-in-mexico-policy-sending-asylum-seekers-back\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the first person\u003c/a> was returned to Mexico under MPP. On Jan. 29, 2019, a Honduran man, Carlos Catarlo Gomez, was sent to Tijuana to wait for an assigned court date in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump administration officials say MPP is preventing migrants from “gaming” the asylum system for economic opportunity in the U.S. Officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/assessment_of_the_migrant_protection_protocols_mpp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">argue \u003c/a>the policy has helped \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reduce \u003c/a>unauthorized immigration in recent months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“MPP has been and will continue to be an effective tool to address the ongoing crisis at the southwest border,” a DHS spokesperson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy has transformed how U.S. authorities process asylum-seekers who are not Mexican nationals at the southern border. If they pass an initial screening, adults requesting asylum are now given a notice for a hearing in a U.S. immigration court, with instructions to appear at the port of entry to be transported to the courthouse. Then they are turned back to the Mexican side of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Department of Homeland Security\"]'MPP has been and will continue to be an effective tool to address the ongoing crisis at the southwest border.'[/pullquote]As many as 20,000 people are currently sheltered in northern Mexico awaiting entry into the U.S., according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The U.S. State Department has issued safety advisories for five of the six Mexican states along the border, warning people to reconsider travel or not to travel at all, due to violent crime and gang activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many asylum-seekers coming through Mexico are Central Americans with children, and they often lack resources and become victims of extortion, kidnapping and other crimes, legal advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thousands and thousands of people in Mexico, along the U.S.-Mexico border, are living on the streets, switching shelter to shelter every couple of days … struggling to feed their children,” said Ian Philabaum, director of border programs at Innovation Law Lab. “More often than not, people are forced to discontinue their court proceedings because of the violence they are subjected to or because their children are sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Innovation Law Lab is one of several legal aid groups in California that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11726721/bay-area-legal-groups-challenge-trumps-remain-in-mexico-asylum-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sued \u003c/a>the Trump administration last year to block the Remain in Mexico program, and a federal judge in San Francisco initially halted it. But last May, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals allowed the program to continue while the case is litigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, asylum-seekers who passed “credible fear” screenings waited in the U.S. while their cases were decided, often released into the community. That gave people a chance to get legal support and prepare their cases, as well as reconnect with relatives in this country, said Lindsay Toczylowski, executive director of the Immigrant Defenders Law Center in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for migrants in Mexico, who typically live in shelters or on the street, it’s “nearly impossible” to find U.S. immigration attorneys, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Lindsay Toczylowski executive director of the Immigrant Defenders Law Center\"]'They've created a system that's not designed to adjudicate claims but is designed just to deny people the right to asylum.'[/pullquote]Toczylowski said those in the MPP program with cases pending in the San Diego immigration court are typically summoned at 4 a.m. to the U.S. port of entry in Tijuana to be processed by CBP and then bused to the court. Some of her clients must travel hours from surrounding Mexican cities in the middle of the night to make those appointments, often with small children in tow, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They've created a system that's not designed to adjudicate claims but is designed just to deny people the right to asylum,” Toczylowski said. “It's designed to make sure that people are in no condition and have no ability to actually defend themselves in court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal representation is key to winning asylum, data shows, but the vast majority of asylum-seekers returned to Mexico don’t have an attorney. So far, 117 people in the program — or about 0.2% — have been granted relief, \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mpp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> researchers at Syracuse University. Last year, asylum was granted in roughly \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/asylum/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">30%\u003c/a> of all cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under U.S. law, non-citizens are eligible for asylum if they have a well-founded fear of persecution in their home country because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Jessica Vaughan, Center for Immigration Studies\"]'(Remain in Mexico) removes the incentives that people had to leave their homes and pay a smuggler to come on this dangerous journey … hoping that they would be released into the United States.'[/pullquote]Most of the people arrested last year by Border Patrol agents are Central American families. Many say they are fleeing violence in their home countries and that their governments can’t protect them. The so-called “Northern Triangle” of Central America — Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador — is one of the world’s most dangerous regions outside a war zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates who favor reducing immigration have applauded the MPP program. Jessica Vaughan, who directs policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, said the adoption of Remain in Mexico has been a “major improvement” in the U.S. asylum system. Her group had recommended such a change for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It removes the incentives that people had to leave their homes and pay a smuggler to come on this dangerous journey … hoping that they would be released into the United States,” said Vaughan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed out that people in the program have a shorter wait for their claims to be decided, compared to the \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/588/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three years\u003c/a> on average it takes for an immigration judge to rule on other asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department, which oversees U.S. immigration courts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11770865/san-diego-judges-told-to-speed-up-cases-under-controversial-immigration-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told \u003c/a>judges in San Diego, El Paso and other border cities to prioritize “Remain in Mexico” cases. Hearings are scheduled within two to four months, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/assessment_of_the_migrant_protection_protocols_mpp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> a DHS report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"asylum\"]International law prohibits the U.S. from returning people to countries where they fear persecution or torture. Under the MPP, asylum-seekers who express such a fear about Mexico are entitled to an interview to make a case to stay in the U.S. while their cases are decided. But immigration attorneys have said the government was barring them from attending those interviews with their clients. This week, a federal judge in San Diego \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusandiego.org/judge-grants-preliminary-injunction-in-mpp-suit-rules-asylum-seekers-forced-into-mpp-must-have-access-to-lawyers-for-fear-of-return-to-mexico-interviews/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruled \u003c/a>that all asylum-seekers in the program must have access to legal representation before and during those interviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Remain in Mexico program is one of several steps the Trump administration has taken to restrict asylum. Others include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— On Nov. 9, 2018, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-proclamation-addressing-mass-migration-southern-border-united-states/?utm_source=CLINIC+Mail&utm_campaign=92bfd1c04c-press_release_11_9_2018&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a33179621a-92bfd1c04c-284025717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">presidential proclamation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/11/09/2018-24594/aliens-subject-to-a-bar-on-entry-under-certain-presidential-proclamations-procedures-for-protection?utm_source=CLINIC+Mail&utm_campaign=92bfd1c04c-press_release_11_9_2018&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a33179621a-92bfd1c04c-284025717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rule\u003c/a> barred people from applying for asylum if they did not come to the U.S. through an official port of entry. Federal courts blocked implementation of this rule. The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals is considering the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— On July 16, 2019, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/16/2019-15246/asylum-eligibility-and-procedural-modifications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rule\u003c/a> made people ineligible for asylum if they crossed another country on the way to the U.S. but failed to apply for protection there. The U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed \u003c/a>the administration to implement that policy while lower courts weigh a legal challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— On Nov. 14, 2019, the Trump administration issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11795925/california-ag-slams-trump-plan-restricting-work-permits-for-asylum-seekers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposed federal rule\u003c/a> that would deny work permits to asylum-seekers who didn’t come to the U.S. through an official port of entry, and would make asylum-seekers wait a year for a work permit — rather than the usual five months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— In 2019, the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_1028_opa_factsheet-northern-central-america-agreements_v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed agreements\u003c/a> with Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador that allow the U.S. to send asylum-seekers to those countries to seek protections in those countries instead. Since then, the U.S. has sent dozens of Honduran and Salvadorans to Guatemala under the agreement, according to media reports.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The House Judiciary Committee has stepped up an investigation into a Trump administration policy that has forced more than 57,000 asylum-seekers to wait in Mexico potentially for months — often in extremely dangerous regions — while their claims are processed in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year-old policy, officially called \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2019/01/24/migrant-protection-protocols\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Migrant Protection Protocols\u003c/a>, or MPP, is one of a series of moves by administration officials to fundamentally restructure this country’s asylum system and drastically restrict access to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the Judiciary Committee \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/uploadedfiles/judiciary_objections_to_mpp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">asked \u003c/a>the Department of Homeland Security to turn over documents about how the program, known informally as the “Remain in Mexico” policy, is being implemented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose Rep. Zoe Lofgren, who chairs the Judiciary’s immigration subcommittee, said the administration is trampling the rights of asylum-seekers and making the protections unattainable for people with legitimate claims. Meanwhile, women, children and other vulnerable migrants are being “preyed upon by gangs and criminals” as they wait in Mexico, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current situation is really appalling,” said Lofgren. “The administration is acting without regard to what the law requires ... it's important to note that seeking asylum is provided for under law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By law, anyone who reaches the U.S. and can make a case that they face persecution at home has a right to claim protection, regardless of whether they come to an official port of entry or enter the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'Thousands and thousands of people in Mexico, along the U.S.-Mexico border, are living on the streets, switching shelter to shelter every couple of days … struggling to feed their children.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Among other things, Lofgren and her colleagues are requesting information on cases where border authorities \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/09/794587498/this-migrant-won-in-immigration-court-and-the-u-s-sent-him-to-mexico-anyway\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">returned people to Mexico\u003c/a> even after they were granted asylum by a U.S. immigration judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The congressional inquiry comes nearly a year after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/29/689819928/trump-administration-begins-remain-in-mexico-policy-sending-asylum-seekers-back\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the first person\u003c/a> was returned to Mexico under MPP. On Jan. 29, 2019, a Honduran man, Carlos Catarlo Gomez, was sent to Tijuana to wait for an assigned court date in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump administration officials say MPP is preventing migrants from “gaming” the asylum system for economic opportunity in the U.S. Officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/assessment_of_the_migrant_protection_protocols_mpp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">argue \u003c/a>the policy has helped \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reduce \u003c/a>unauthorized immigration in recent months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“MPP has been and will continue to be an effective tool to address the ongoing crisis at the southwest border,” a DHS spokesperson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy has transformed how U.S. authorities process asylum-seekers who are not Mexican nationals at the southern border. If they pass an initial screening, adults requesting asylum are now given a notice for a hearing in a U.S. immigration court, with instructions to appear at the port of entry to be transported to the courthouse. Then they are turned back to the Mexican side of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As many as 20,000 people are currently sheltered in northern Mexico awaiting entry into the U.S., according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The U.S. State Department has issued safety advisories for five of the six Mexican states along the border, warning people to reconsider travel or not to travel at all, due to violent crime and gang activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many asylum-seekers coming through Mexico are Central Americans with children, and they often lack resources and become victims of extortion, kidnapping and other crimes, legal advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thousands and thousands of people in Mexico, along the U.S.-Mexico border, are living on the streets, switching shelter to shelter every couple of days … struggling to feed their children,” said Ian Philabaum, director of border programs at Innovation Law Lab. “More often than not, people are forced to discontinue their court proceedings because of the violence they are subjected to or because their children are sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Innovation Law Lab is one of several legal aid groups in California that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11726721/bay-area-legal-groups-challenge-trumps-remain-in-mexico-asylum-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sued \u003c/a>the Trump administration last year to block the Remain in Mexico program, and a federal judge in San Francisco initially halted it. But last May, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals allowed the program to continue while the case is litigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, asylum-seekers who passed “credible fear” screenings waited in the U.S. while their cases were decided, often released into the community. That gave people a chance to get legal support and prepare their cases, as well as reconnect with relatives in this country, said Lindsay Toczylowski, executive director of the Immigrant Defenders Law Center in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for migrants in Mexico, who typically live in shelters or on the street, it’s “nearly impossible” to find U.S. immigration attorneys, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Toczylowski said those in the MPP program with cases pending in the San Diego immigration court are typically summoned at 4 a.m. to the U.S. port of entry in Tijuana to be processed by CBP and then bused to the court. Some of her clients must travel hours from surrounding Mexican cities in the middle of the night to make those appointments, often with small children in tow, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They've created a system that's not designed to adjudicate claims but is designed just to deny people the right to asylum,” Toczylowski said. “It's designed to make sure that people are in no condition and have no ability to actually defend themselves in court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal representation is key to winning asylum, data shows, but the vast majority of asylum-seekers returned to Mexico don’t have an attorney. So far, 117 people in the program — or about 0.2% — have been granted relief, \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mpp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> researchers at Syracuse University. Last year, asylum was granted in roughly \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/asylum/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">30%\u003c/a> of all cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under U.S. law, non-citizens are eligible for asylum if they have a well-founded fear of persecution in their home country because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Most of the people arrested last year by Border Patrol agents are Central American families. Many say they are fleeing violence in their home countries and that their governments can’t protect them. The so-called “Northern Triangle” of Central America — Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador — is one of the world’s most dangerous regions outside a war zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates who favor reducing immigration have applauded the MPP program. Jessica Vaughan, who directs policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, said the adoption of Remain in Mexico has been a “major improvement” in the U.S. asylum system. Her group had recommended such a change for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It removes the incentives that people had to leave their homes and pay a smuggler to come on this dangerous journey … hoping that they would be released into the United States,” said Vaughan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed out that people in the program have a shorter wait for their claims to be decided, compared to the \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/588/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three years\u003c/a> on average it takes for an immigration judge to rule on other asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department, which oversees U.S. immigration courts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11770865/san-diego-judges-told-to-speed-up-cases-under-controversial-immigration-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told \u003c/a>judges in San Diego, El Paso and other border cities to prioritize “Remain in Mexico” cases. Hearings are scheduled within two to four months, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/assessment_of_the_migrant_protection_protocols_mpp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> a DHS report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>International law prohibits the U.S. from returning people to countries where they fear persecution or torture. Under the MPP, asylum-seekers who express such a fear about Mexico are entitled to an interview to make a case to stay in the U.S. while their cases are decided. But immigration attorneys have said the government was barring them from attending those interviews with their clients. This week, a federal judge in San Diego \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusandiego.org/judge-grants-preliminary-injunction-in-mpp-suit-rules-asylum-seekers-forced-into-mpp-must-have-access-to-lawyers-for-fear-of-return-to-mexico-interviews/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruled \u003c/a>that all asylum-seekers in the program must have access to legal representation before and during those interviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Remain in Mexico program is one of several steps the Trump administration has taken to restrict asylum. Others include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— On Nov. 9, 2018, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-proclamation-addressing-mass-migration-southern-border-united-states/?utm_source=CLINIC+Mail&utm_campaign=92bfd1c04c-press_release_11_9_2018&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a33179621a-92bfd1c04c-284025717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">presidential proclamation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/11/09/2018-24594/aliens-subject-to-a-bar-on-entry-under-certain-presidential-proclamations-procedures-for-protection?utm_source=CLINIC+Mail&utm_campaign=92bfd1c04c-press_release_11_9_2018&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a33179621a-92bfd1c04c-284025717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rule\u003c/a> barred people from applying for asylum if they did not come to the U.S. through an official port of entry. Federal courts blocked implementation of this rule. The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals is considering the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— On July 16, 2019, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/16/2019-15246/asylum-eligibility-and-procedural-modifications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rule\u003c/a> made people ineligible for asylum if they crossed another country on the way to the U.S. but failed to apply for protection there. The U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed \u003c/a>the administration to implement that policy while lower courts weigh a legal challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— On Nov. 14, 2019, the Trump administration issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11795925/california-ag-slams-trump-plan-restricting-work-permits-for-asylum-seekers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposed federal rule\u003c/a> that would deny work permits to asylum-seekers who didn’t come to the U.S. through an official port of entry, and would make asylum-seekers wait a year for a work permit — rather than the usual five months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— In 2019, the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_1028_opa_factsheet-northern-central-america-agreements_v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed agreements\u003c/a> with Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador that allow the U.S. to send asylum-seekers to those countries to seek protections in those countries instead. Since then, the U.S. has sent dozens of Honduran and Salvadorans to Guatemala under the agreement, according to media reports.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Despite Findings of 'Negligent' Care, ICE to Expand Troubled California Detention Center",
"title": "Despite Findings of 'Negligent' Care, ICE to Expand Troubled California Detention Center",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>When a government expert in mental health visited one of the largest immigration detention centers in the U.S. in 2017, she knew the conditions that detainees there sometimes face. A past inspection had found that staff often failed to obtain adequate mental health histories, leading to faulty diagnoses and, in some cases, treatment plans that were incorrect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Report from Department of Homeland Security's Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties\"]'Detainees suffer retaliation, verbal harassment and [are] treated with disrespect.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon arrival at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement processing center in Adelanto, California, a similar pattern emerged. One detainee she observed had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. When she asked an officer about him, she was told that the man \"floods his cell, bangs his head.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She searched the man's medical chart for records from his recent stay at an inpatient psychiatric unit, but they appeared to be missing. He had been placed in what the government refers to as \"segregation,\" a term known more commonly as solitary confinement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, the expert found, he was suffering from \"active auditory hallucinations.\" Moreover, they appeared to worsening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to be alone,\" he told the expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainee's case is detailed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously confidential report\u003c/a> on the Adelanto facility obtained by NPR. Despite the report's findings — and repeated, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/02/653802676/dhs-watchdog-trump-administration-wasnt-ready-for-family-separation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scathing criticism\u003c/a> of the facility from the federal government's own internal watchdogs — ICE decided at the end of 2019 to \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renew \u003c/a>and expand a contract to keep the Adelanto facility open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report dates to late 2017, but attorneys and advocates say the problems identified in the report have persisted. ICE declined to respond to specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many other detention centers, the Adelanto facility is operated by a for-profit company — in this case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.geogroup.com/FacilityDetail/FacilityID/24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the GEO Group\u003c/a>. The U.S. government is GEO's single biggest customer, and the company has made nearly $1 billion in federal contracts over the past 12 months, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usaspending.gov/#/recipient/b5424b33-e5dd-0b6e-cce2-fc25f764206d-P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">government data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's business has been threatened by a new California law that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largely bans\u003c/a> for-profit companies from operating prisons and immigration detention facilities in the state. Findings of inadequate care and treatment of detainees at the Adelanto facility and others were a driving force behind that law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by signing the new 15-year contract before the law could take effect, GEO and the Trump administration effectively circumvented the state of California until 2034. (GEO has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sued \u003c/a>the state in federal court, arguing that the California law is unconstitutional.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates and attorneys for immigrants say the new contract — which also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html#document/p18/a541728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expands \u003c/a>the Adelanto facility by more than 700 detention beds — demonstrates how ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/01/690690056/ice-failed-to-hold-detention-center-contractors-accountable-report-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fails to hold contractors accountable \u003c/a>for major problems in immigration detention centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their concerns are echoed in the report obtained by NPR from the Department of Homeland Security's \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/office-civil-rights-and-civil-liberties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties\u003c/a>, an internal oversight office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the report's findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The facility failed to meet ICE's own standards for using solitary confinement. One detainee, for instance, cumulatively spent nearly 2 1/2 years in solitary.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Staff used pepper spray on immigrants held in detention but did not follow best practices when it came time to remove the spray from detainees — in some cases their efforts intensified the painful \"burning effect.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>It was \"more likely than not\" that problems with medical care \"contributed to medical injuries, including bone deformities and detainee deaths.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>And government experts were so alarmed that they recommended \"immediately\" transferring \"at-risk\" detainees to another facility to protect their health and safety.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The expert DHS inspectors found that, in several cases, ICE and GEO had been either unwilling or unable to fix problems despite repeated warnings over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's findings provide a window into the types of challenges presented by the Trump administration's push to detain more immigrants who are awaiting asylum hearings or deportation proceedings. Under the president's hard-line immigration policies, the number of immigrants in detention has grown to all-time highs, with private companies like GEO playing a central role in that system. While defenders say the crackdown is needed to help stem what they call a crisis on the southern border, immigration advocates say the growing reliance on detention has stretched an already troubled system to the breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'These Reports Never See the Light of Day'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>NPR has sought records regarding the facility for more than a year and obtained this report under the Freedom of Information Act. Sources familiar with the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties say such reports almost always remain confidential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Normally, these reports never see the light of day,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/about/people/nick-schwellenbach/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nick Schwellenbach\u003c/a>, a senior investigator with the nonprofit watchdog group Project on Government Oversight, or POGO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September 2019, POGO \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/09/confidential-report-warned-ice-of-inhumane-use-of-solitary-confinement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released a version\u003c/a> of the report after filing a public records lawsuit. But the government had more heavily redacted critical findings and recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of confounding why they withheld some of this information [from us],\" says Schwellenbach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for GEO said the company would \"defer to ICE\" on any response to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori K. Haley, a spokesperson for ICE, also declined to comment on specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Haley wrote, \"The safety, rights and health of detainees in ICE's care are of paramount concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she noted, the agency \"either did not concur or only partially concurred with roughly half their recommendations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haley declined to say which recommendations ICE agreed with and why, or what actions the agency took in response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers, who regularly visit the facility and represent detainees there, say they have seen little evidence that ICE or GEO has followed through on the recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have reason to believe that many of these reports are being taken as seriously as they should by the facility or by ICE,\" says Pilar Gonzalez of the nonprofit Disability Rights California, which advocates for detainees at the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Jordan, an attorney with the Civil Rights Education and Enforcement Center, says the issues identified in the report have persisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ICE does not demand any sort of accountability from the contractors or force any changes or improvements,\" says Jordan, who is representing current and former Adelanto detainees in a \u003ca href=\"https://creeclaw.org/fraihat-v-immigration-and-customs-enforcement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead, they get rewarded to keep on keeping on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'No Correction Was Made'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Adelanto ICE Processing Center holds nearly 2,000 adult detainees, most of whom have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike prison, immigration detention is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6609612-Adelanto-Detainee-Handbook.html#document/p36/a543360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not meant as punishment\u003c/a>. The government holds people in detention while deciding their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2017, the authors of the report — three DHS experts in health care, corrections and mental health — traveled to Adelanto, California, to inspect the ICE detention facility after a series of complaints. The names of the experts are redacted in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three experts found major problems, but the most serious findings in the documents obtained by NPR come from the report on health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the medical care at the Adelanto facility is inadequate\" and does not meet federal standards, the report found, citing \"incompetent clinical medical leadership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"adelanto\"]The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties had previously visited the facility in 2015 under the Obama administration and detailed \"negligent\" medical care at that time. But rather than seeing improvements in 2017, the experts found that medical care had gotten worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No correction was made,\" the report states, noting that the number of complaints around detainee medical care had actually increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical expert cites multiple examples of poor medical care, including long delays in appointments for broken bones and a failure to provide needed antibiotics and other medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least one case, a detainee's death was \"likely related\" to failures by the facility's medical staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the expert recommended a drastic measure:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At-risk detainees must be immediately removed from the facility (transferred to another facility with a well-functioning medical program).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the problems at the facility, the expert defined \"at-risk\" as any detainee with a chronic medical problem like diabetes, as well as any detainee over 55 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that there's no indication that ICE or GEO actually followed this recommendation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to say whether it made changes to its medical staff in the wake of the report or transferred detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Allegations of 'Verbal Harassment' and 'Retaliation'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The allegations against the Adelanto facility went beyond medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Detainees suffer retaliation, verbal harassment and [are] treated with disrespect,\" the report found. Leadership \"must hold facility staff accountable for substantiated abusive and disrespectful treatment of the detainees,\" the report went on, noting that this problem had not been addressed after previous inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another instance, detainees alleged even harsher measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2017, a group of asylum-seekers from Central America went on hunger strike to protest conditions at the facility. When the group locked arms and refused to move, staff used pepper spray and physically removed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The corrections expert found that the use of pepper spray was \"appropriate given the circumstances.\" But the expert saw a significant problem with the staff's subsequent actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mace.com/blogs/pepper-spray-tips/how-to-get-pepper-spray-out-of-your-eyes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold water\u003c/a> is recommended to safely decontaminate pepper spray. But, the corrections expert found, \"The facility does not have any access to cold water. The facility only provides a mix of cold and hot water through a shower head.\" The expert warned that \"warm water will exacerbate the burning effect of the OC pepper spray.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the group of hunger strikers was placed in showers, they described \"writhing\" in pain as the water reactivated the spray. One detainee, Marvin Josue Grande Rodriguez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584113-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-3.html#document/p315/a543317\">said\u003c/a> that he fainted in the shower, because \"the gas and the heat of the water ... It was far too much for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says the use of a hot shower was a \"significant issue\" and concluded that the facility \"must provide access to a cold-water shower\" in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a lawsuit filed by the group of hunger strikers, lawyers for GEO \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584122-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-1.html#document/p32/a541096\">said \u003c/a>that water \"does reactivate the tingling sensation\" from pepper spray but that it was \"necessary to remove the spray\" and was not intended to cause pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because ICE and GEO declined to answer specific questions, it's unclear if they followed the recommendation on cold-water showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that they were unsure whether any changes had been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it is clear that the facility staff continue to use pepper spray. ICE statistics show that pepper spray has been used more than 25 times since the 2017 inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An 'Inhumane' Use of Solitary Confinement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the government's experts found that the Adelanto facility was failing to meet federal standards for solitary confinement — known in ICE's bureaucratic language as \"segregation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the report found that GEO Group staff had \"no current strategy\" when it came to long-term use of solitary confinement and that people were suffering as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one case, inspectors found, a detainee was held in a \"Special Management Unit,\" or SMU, for 426 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No detainee should be held in the SMU for this amount of time,\" the report states. \"Isolation alone can create physical safety concerns and can result in mental decompensation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The expert inspectors were especially critical of the use of solitary confinement for immigrants with serious mental disorders. They found that about a third of the detainees held in solitary had a \"serious mental illness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of multiple stays, one detainee logged 904 days — or nearly 2 1/2 years — in solitary confinement, which the report calls \"shockingly high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts found that some detainees with serious mental illness were put in solitary confinement simply because it was the only available space where they could be closely watched. The report called that practice \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p32/a542928\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">inhumane\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If strategies are not developed,\" the report warned, \"the mental health and other long-term detainee cases will continue to decompensate, and the population of the SMU will continue to grow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to NPR, an ICE spokesperson wrote that the agency \"is compliant\" with agency standards on the use of solitary confinement, citing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/detention-reform/pdf/segregation_directive.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directive \u003c/a>from 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, critics of ICE say that is not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have these experts ... essentially screaming from the rooftops, 'You need to fix this problem!' \" says Schwellenbach of POGO, which has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/08/isolated-ice-confines-some-detainees-with-mental-illness-in-solitary-for-months/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigated \u003c/a>the use of solitary confinement in ICE detention. \"There's solutions that they're actually putting forward, but they're being ignored.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ongoing Oversight of Immigration Detention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state of California has repeatedly clashed with the Trump administration over immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of California Sen. Kamala Harris, a former Democratic presidential candidate and former state attorney general, reviewed the documents obtained by NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unconscionable to subject detained persons to inhumane conditions,\" Harris's office said in a statement, \"including issues arising from insufficient medical care as well as prolonged isolation and detention at immigrant detention facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criticism of conditions at the Adelanto ICE Processing Center by Harris and others was one factor that led to the recent California \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-prisons/california-bans-private-prisons-and-immigration-detention-centers-idUSKBN1WQ2Q9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">law\u003c/a>, largely banning the use of private contractors in prison and immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"State laws aimed at obstructing federal law enforcement are inappropriate and harmful,\" ICE's Haley wrote to NPR. \"Policy makers who strive to make it more difficult to remove dangerous criminal aliens and aim to stop the cooperation of local officials and business partners, harm the very communities whose welfare they have sworn to protect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their lawsuit against the state, GEO argues that the law is a \"transparent attempt by the State to shut down the Federal Government's detention efforts within California's borders\" and \"a direct assault on the supremacy of federal law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay Democratic Assemblyman Rob Bonta, who championed the law, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RobBontaCA/status/1212030778525138945\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted \u003c/a>that the lawsuit was, \"Exactly what you'd expect fr[om] a collapsing industry in its final death throes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the full internal report \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Despite+Findings+Of+%27Negligent%27+Care%2C+ICE+To+Expand+Troubled+Calif.+Detention+Center&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A previously confidential report obtained by NPR found major failings at the Adelanto ICE Processing Center, one of the nation's largest immigration detention centers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When a government expert in mental health visited one of the largest immigration detention centers in the U.S. in 2017, she knew the conditions that detainees there sometimes face. A past inspection had found that staff often failed to obtain adequate mental health histories, leading to faulty diagnoses and, in some cases, treatment plans that were incorrect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon arrival at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement processing center in Adelanto, California, a similar pattern emerged. One detainee she observed had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. When she asked an officer about him, she was told that the man \"floods his cell, bangs his head.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She searched the man's medical chart for records from his recent stay at an inpatient psychiatric unit, but they appeared to be missing. He had been placed in what the government refers to as \"segregation,\" a term known more commonly as solitary confinement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, the expert found, he was suffering from \"active auditory hallucinations.\" Moreover, they appeared to worsening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to be alone,\" he told the expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainee's case is detailed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously confidential report\u003c/a> on the Adelanto facility obtained by NPR. Despite the report's findings — and repeated, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/02/653802676/dhs-watchdog-trump-administration-wasnt-ready-for-family-separation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scathing criticism\u003c/a> of the facility from the federal government's own internal watchdogs — ICE decided at the end of 2019 to \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renew \u003c/a>and expand a contract to keep the Adelanto facility open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report dates to late 2017, but attorneys and advocates say the problems identified in the report have persisted. ICE declined to respond to specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many other detention centers, the Adelanto facility is operated by a for-profit company — in this case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.geogroup.com/FacilityDetail/FacilityID/24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the GEO Group\u003c/a>. The U.S. government is GEO's single biggest customer, and the company has made nearly $1 billion in federal contracts over the past 12 months, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usaspending.gov/#/recipient/b5424b33-e5dd-0b6e-cce2-fc25f764206d-P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">government data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's business has been threatened by a new California law that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largely bans\u003c/a> for-profit companies from operating prisons and immigration detention facilities in the state. Findings of inadequate care and treatment of detainees at the Adelanto facility and others were a driving force behind that law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by signing the new 15-year contract before the law could take effect, GEO and the Trump administration effectively circumvented the state of California until 2034. (GEO has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sued \u003c/a>the state in federal court, arguing that the California law is unconstitutional.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates and attorneys for immigrants say the new contract — which also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html#document/p18/a541728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expands \u003c/a>the Adelanto facility by more than 700 detention beds — demonstrates how ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/01/690690056/ice-failed-to-hold-detention-center-contractors-accountable-report-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fails to hold contractors accountable \u003c/a>for major problems in immigration detention centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their concerns are echoed in the report obtained by NPR from the Department of Homeland Security's \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/office-civil-rights-and-civil-liberties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties\u003c/a>, an internal oversight office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the report's findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The facility failed to meet ICE's own standards for using solitary confinement. One detainee, for instance, cumulatively spent nearly 2 1/2 years in solitary.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Staff used pepper spray on immigrants held in detention but did not follow best practices when it came time to remove the spray from detainees — in some cases their efforts intensified the painful \"burning effect.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>It was \"more likely than not\" that problems with medical care \"contributed to medical injuries, including bone deformities and detainee deaths.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>And government experts were so alarmed that they recommended \"immediately\" transferring \"at-risk\" detainees to another facility to protect their health and safety.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The expert DHS inspectors found that, in several cases, ICE and GEO had been either unwilling or unable to fix problems despite repeated warnings over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's findings provide a window into the types of challenges presented by the Trump administration's push to detain more immigrants who are awaiting asylum hearings or deportation proceedings. Under the president's hard-line immigration policies, the number of immigrants in detention has grown to all-time highs, with private companies like GEO playing a central role in that system. While defenders say the crackdown is needed to help stem what they call a crisis on the southern border, immigration advocates say the growing reliance on detention has stretched an already troubled system to the breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'These Reports Never See the Light of Day'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>NPR has sought records regarding the facility for more than a year and obtained this report under the Freedom of Information Act. Sources familiar with the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties say such reports almost always remain confidential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Normally, these reports never see the light of day,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/about/people/nick-schwellenbach/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nick Schwellenbach\u003c/a>, a senior investigator with the nonprofit watchdog group Project on Government Oversight, or POGO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September 2019, POGO \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/09/confidential-report-warned-ice-of-inhumane-use-of-solitary-confinement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released a version\u003c/a> of the report after filing a public records lawsuit. But the government had more heavily redacted critical findings and recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of confounding why they withheld some of this information [from us],\" says Schwellenbach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for GEO said the company would \"defer to ICE\" on any response to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori K. Haley, a spokesperson for ICE, also declined to comment on specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Haley wrote, \"The safety, rights and health of detainees in ICE's care are of paramount concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she noted, the agency \"either did not concur or only partially concurred with roughly half their recommendations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haley declined to say which recommendations ICE agreed with and why, or what actions the agency took in response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers, who regularly visit the facility and represent detainees there, say they have seen little evidence that ICE or GEO has followed through on the recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have reason to believe that many of these reports are being taken as seriously as they should by the facility or by ICE,\" says Pilar Gonzalez of the nonprofit Disability Rights California, which advocates for detainees at the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Jordan, an attorney with the Civil Rights Education and Enforcement Center, says the issues identified in the report have persisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ICE does not demand any sort of accountability from the contractors or force any changes or improvements,\" says Jordan, who is representing current and former Adelanto detainees in a \u003ca href=\"https://creeclaw.org/fraihat-v-immigration-and-customs-enforcement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead, they get rewarded to keep on keeping on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'No Correction Was Made'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Adelanto ICE Processing Center holds nearly 2,000 adult detainees, most of whom have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike prison, immigration detention is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6609612-Adelanto-Detainee-Handbook.html#document/p36/a543360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not meant as punishment\u003c/a>. The government holds people in detention while deciding their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2017, the authors of the report — three DHS experts in health care, corrections and mental health — traveled to Adelanto, California, to inspect the ICE detention facility after a series of complaints. The names of the experts are redacted in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three experts found major problems, but the most serious findings in the documents obtained by NPR come from the report on health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the medical care at the Adelanto facility is inadequate\" and does not meet federal standards, the report found, citing \"incompetent clinical medical leadership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties had previously visited the facility in 2015 under the Obama administration and detailed \"negligent\" medical care at that time. But rather than seeing improvements in 2017, the experts found that medical care had gotten worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No correction was made,\" the report states, noting that the number of complaints around detainee medical care had actually increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical expert cites multiple examples of poor medical care, including long delays in appointments for broken bones and a failure to provide needed antibiotics and other medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least one case, a detainee's death was \"likely related\" to failures by the facility's medical staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the expert recommended a drastic measure:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At-risk detainees must be immediately removed from the facility (transferred to another facility with a well-functioning medical program).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the problems at the facility, the expert defined \"at-risk\" as any detainee with a chronic medical problem like diabetes, as well as any detainee over 55 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that there's no indication that ICE or GEO actually followed this recommendation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to say whether it made changes to its medical staff in the wake of the report or transferred detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Allegations of 'Verbal Harassment' and 'Retaliation'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The allegations against the Adelanto facility went beyond medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Detainees suffer retaliation, verbal harassment and [are] treated with disrespect,\" the report found. Leadership \"must hold facility staff accountable for substantiated abusive and disrespectful treatment of the detainees,\" the report went on, noting that this problem had not been addressed after previous inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another instance, detainees alleged even harsher measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2017, a group of asylum-seekers from Central America went on hunger strike to protest conditions at the facility. When the group locked arms and refused to move, staff used pepper spray and physically removed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The corrections expert found that the use of pepper spray was \"appropriate given the circumstances.\" But the expert saw a significant problem with the staff's subsequent actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mace.com/blogs/pepper-spray-tips/how-to-get-pepper-spray-out-of-your-eyes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold water\u003c/a> is recommended to safely decontaminate pepper spray. But, the corrections expert found, \"The facility does not have any access to cold water. The facility only provides a mix of cold and hot water through a shower head.\" The expert warned that \"warm water will exacerbate the burning effect of the OC pepper spray.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the group of hunger strikers was placed in showers, they described \"writhing\" in pain as the water reactivated the spray. One detainee, Marvin Josue Grande Rodriguez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584113-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-3.html#document/p315/a543317\">said\u003c/a> that he fainted in the shower, because \"the gas and the heat of the water ... It was far too much for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says the use of a hot shower was a \"significant issue\" and concluded that the facility \"must provide access to a cold-water shower\" in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a lawsuit filed by the group of hunger strikers, lawyers for GEO \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584122-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-1.html#document/p32/a541096\">said \u003c/a>that water \"does reactivate the tingling sensation\" from pepper spray but that it was \"necessary to remove the spray\" and was not intended to cause pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because ICE and GEO declined to answer specific questions, it's unclear if they followed the recommendation on cold-water showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that they were unsure whether any changes had been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it is clear that the facility staff continue to use pepper spray. ICE statistics show that pepper spray has been used more than 25 times since the 2017 inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An 'Inhumane' Use of Solitary Confinement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the government's experts found that the Adelanto facility was failing to meet federal standards for solitary confinement — known in ICE's bureaucratic language as \"segregation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the report found that GEO Group staff had \"no current strategy\" when it came to long-term use of solitary confinement and that people were suffering as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one case, inspectors found, a detainee was held in a \"Special Management Unit,\" or SMU, for 426 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No detainee should be held in the SMU for this amount of time,\" the report states. \"Isolation alone can create physical safety concerns and can result in mental decompensation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The expert inspectors were especially critical of the use of solitary confinement for immigrants with serious mental disorders. They found that about a third of the detainees held in solitary had a \"serious mental illness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of multiple stays, one detainee logged 904 days — or nearly 2 1/2 years — in solitary confinement, which the report calls \"shockingly high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts found that some detainees with serious mental illness were put in solitary confinement simply because it was the only available space where they could be closely watched. The report called that practice \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p32/a542928\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">inhumane\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If strategies are not developed,\" the report warned, \"the mental health and other long-term detainee cases will continue to decompensate, and the population of the SMU will continue to grow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to NPR, an ICE spokesperson wrote that the agency \"is compliant\" with agency standards on the use of solitary confinement, citing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/detention-reform/pdf/segregation_directive.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directive \u003c/a>from 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, critics of ICE say that is not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have these experts ... essentially screaming from the rooftops, 'You need to fix this problem!' \" says Schwellenbach of POGO, which has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/08/isolated-ice-confines-some-detainees-with-mental-illness-in-solitary-for-months/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigated \u003c/a>the use of solitary confinement in ICE detention. \"There's solutions that they're actually putting forward, but they're being ignored.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ongoing Oversight of Immigration Detention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state of California has repeatedly clashed with the Trump administration over immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of California Sen. Kamala Harris, a former Democratic presidential candidate and former state attorney general, reviewed the documents obtained by NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unconscionable to subject detained persons to inhumane conditions,\" Harris's office said in a statement, \"including issues arising from insufficient medical care as well as prolonged isolation and detention at immigrant detention facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criticism of conditions at the Adelanto ICE Processing Center by Harris and others was one factor that led to the recent California \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-prisons/california-bans-private-prisons-and-immigration-detention-centers-idUSKBN1WQ2Q9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">law\u003c/a>, largely banning the use of private contractors in prison and immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"State laws aimed at obstructing federal law enforcement are inappropriate and harmful,\" ICE's Haley wrote to NPR. \"Policy makers who strive to make it more difficult to remove dangerous criminal aliens and aim to stop the cooperation of local officials and business partners, harm the very communities whose welfare they have sworn to protect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their lawsuit against the state, GEO argues that the law is a \"transparent attempt by the State to shut down the Federal Government's detention efforts within California's borders\" and \"a direct assault on the supremacy of federal law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay Democratic Assemblyman Rob Bonta, who championed the law, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RobBontaCA/status/1212030778525138945\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted \u003c/a>that the lawsuit was, \"Exactly what you'd expect fr[om] a collapsing industry in its final death throes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the full internal report \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Despite+Findings+Of+%27Negligent%27+Care%2C+ICE+To+Expand+Troubled+Calif.+Detention+Center&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Dr. Wilmer Garcia Ricardo came to the U.S. from Cuba he couldn’t find work as a physician, and he had to figure out the licensing process almost entirely on his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s not the only one. An estimated 450,000 immigrants living in California have a degree but are underemployed. Many have to take on low-wage jobs. So why is it so hard to prevent ‘brain waste’ of highly skilled immigrants, especially in fields where so much help is needed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"c-message_kit__gutter\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"c-message_kit__gutter__right\" data-qa=\"message_content\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"c-message_kit__blocks c-message_kit__blocks--rich_text\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"c-message__message_blocks c-message__message_blocks--rich_text\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"p-block_kit_renderer\" data-qa=\"block-kit-renderer\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"p-block_kit_renderer__block_wrapper p-block_kit_renderer__block_wrapper--first\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"p-rich_text_block\" dir=\"auto\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"p-rich_text_section\">Guest: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/faridajhabvala?lang=en\">Farida Jhabvala Romero\u003c/a>, KQED immigration reporter\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"c-message_actions__container c-message__actions\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Message actions\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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And to use this country to locate Mexican asylum-seekers is cruel and dangerous.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DHS did not respond to requests for more information on who among Mexican nationals will be considered for such transfers, or whether the policy is now being implemented along the California-Mexico border. The plan has been in place in Texas since November, according to BuzzFeed News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move by the Trump administration is the latest in a series of policies aimed at restricting asylum protections and deterring illegal border crossings. 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Immigrants who pass a credible fear interview with asylum officers, are then referred to an immigration judge to pursue their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexican officials expressed “disagreement” with the DHS plan and said it could affect about 900 applicants beginning in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Government of Mexico, together with state and local authorities, will work to offer better options to Mexicans who may be affected by this provision,” said the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs \u003ca href=\"https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-expresses-its-disagreement-with-us-plan-to-send-mexican-asylum-seekers-to-guatemala-to-continue-their-cases-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in a statement\u003c/a>. “The Foreign Ministry will closely monitor compliance with the human rights set forth in the international agreements signed and ratified by both Mexico and the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guatemala remains one of the most dangerous countries in the world, with an “alarmingly high” murder rate driven in part by drug traffickers, criminal gangs and a justice system unable to hold many criminals accountable, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/5f31517e-62bb-4f2c-8956-15f4aeaab930\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of State Overseas Security Advisory Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"asylum\"]Hundreds of clients at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.immdef.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Immigrant Defenders Law Center\u003c/a> are Guatemalan asylum-seekers “often fleeing unspeakable violence,” said Lindsay Toczylowski, executive director of the organization, which has several offices in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that the U.S. government is now going to send asylum-seekers from Mexico and elsewhere to a place that we know to be incredibly dangerous is a stunning betrayal of the commitment to human rights that our country has long aspired to uphold,” Toczylowski said. “This new agreement is further proof of the Trump administration’s intention to completely dismantle the asylum protection system in the U.S. and to close our doors to the most vulnerable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harley Shaiken, who directs the Center for Latin American Studies at UC Berkeley, said the Guatemalan government does not have the ability to ensure a fair and efficient asylum process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It defies logic given the weak institutions and the increasing impunity in Guatemala to think that the government could process Mexicans who are fleeing persecution or evaluate their claims fairly,” Shaiken said. “It’s very dangerous, and the U.S. government is essentially fleeing it’s moral responsibilities but also its legal responsibilities under international agreements that we’ve signed, and even U.S. law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s beyond the pale,\" Shaiken added. \"It’s Orwellian logic run amok ... thousands of Guatemalans are fleeing violence and persecution there. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, U.S. immigration courts decided more than 4,400 asylum cases of Guatemalans who told border officials they had a credible fear of returning to their country, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1111476/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">government figures\u003c/a>. Immigrants who pass a credible fear interview with asylum officers, are then referred to an immigration judge to pursue their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexican officials expressed “disagreement” with the DHS plan and said it could affect about 900 applicants beginning in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Government of Mexico, together with state and local authorities, will work to offer better options to Mexicans who may be affected by this provision,” said the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs \u003ca href=\"https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-expresses-its-disagreement-with-us-plan-to-send-mexican-asylum-seekers-to-guatemala-to-continue-their-cases-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in a statement\u003c/a>. “The Foreign Ministry will closely monitor compliance with the human rights set forth in the international agreements signed and ratified by both Mexico and the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guatemala remains one of the most dangerous countries in the world, with an “alarmingly high” murder rate driven in part by drug traffickers, criminal gangs and a justice system unable to hold many criminals accountable, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/5f31517e-62bb-4f2c-8956-15f4aeaab930\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of State Overseas Security Advisory Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Defender’s Office is requesting an immediate hearing to have a transgender woman, who was transferred out of California on Christmas Day, released or returned to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public defender’s office \u003ca href=\"https://sfpublicdefender.org/news/2020/01/sf-public-defenders-file-restraining-order-against-ice-for-christmas-night-transfer-of-transgender-detainee-to-texas-isolation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">filed a motion\u003c/a> on Friday for a temporary restraining order against Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Yuba County Sheriff’s Office on behalf of their client, 41-year old Lexis Avilez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defendants have until noon on Jan. 7 to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nearly 14 months, Avilez has been held at the Yuba County Detention Center while lawyers worked on getting her a bond hearing, according to court documents filed on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the public defender’s office, on Christmas 2019, officials at Yuba led Avilez to believe she was being released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was extremely happy,” said Deputy Public Defender Hector Vega, who represents Avilez. “She called it a ‘Christmas miracle’ and called her family to tell them she was going to be released and be home soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vega said later that night, after she was transferred to the ICE processing facility in Sacramento, officials told her she was, instead, being transferred to the Prairieland Detention Center in Alvarado, Texas, nearly 2,000 miles away from her family and legal counsel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I received no notice of the transfer until it happened,” said Vega.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once Vega finally got in touch with ICE officials, they explained that they moved Avilez to the Texas facility because it was better suited to her needs.[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Lexis Avilez']‘I think this has been so cruel to me. ICE and the other officers know how difficult the last 14 months have been for me and yet have had no compassion for the way they detain me and move me around like I mean nothing.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vega’s concerned that’s not the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that she’s in the new detention center, I’ve been in talks with the new medical staff who have also not provided the hormonal treatment, and have given me no assurances that Ms. Avilez will receive the medication she needs,” said Vega.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public defender’s office also stated in a press release that Avilez is being detained in “segregated confinement, forced to wear male clothes, and denied the ability to call her lawyer at no cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this has been so cruel to me,” said Avilez in a statement. “ICE and the other officers know how difficult the last 14 months have been for me and yet have had no compassion for the way they detain me and move me around like I mean nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avilez has lived in California for the past 40 years after being brought to the United States as a baby. After struggling with her identity for years, she began to identify as female after being taken into ICE custody in 2018. Federal officials are seeking to deport her due to a past felony assault charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2019, during her time at Yuba, Avilez was diagnosed with gender dysphoria. At that time, Avilez’s lawyers began communication with ICE and Yuba officials regarding her healthcare, but she still did not receive necessary medication while there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE officials said they had no comment regarding the case. The Yuba County Sheriff’s Office did not immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
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