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"content": "\u003cp>Despite his restrictive immigration policies and rhetoric disparaging Mexicans and Central Americans, President Trump gained ground among Latinos this election, according to a survey of thousands of voters of color in California and other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://electioneve2020.com/poll/#/en/demographics/latino/\">American Election Eve Poll\u003c/a> found that an overwhelming majority of Latinos backed the Democratic ticket, as they have in previous elections. But fully 27% supported Trump nationwide, compared to 18% in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reliably blue California, 22% of Latinos voted for the Republican candidate, up from 16% who backed Trump on his first run for the presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think there’s been a shift and the question is, why?” said Gary Segura, senior partner with Latino Decisions, a lead pollster for the survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason for the shift was that Joe Biden was not as well-known among Latino households as the Clinton family was, Segura said. But more importantly, Democrats didn’t do enough to engage these voters in California and other non-battleground states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Gary Segura']‘There’s an important lesson here. I think the one place where President Trump did invest in Latinos is in South Florida, and he was rewarded for that. So investment matters, being on the ground matters.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was little outreach by the Democrats and the Biden campaign,” said Segura, dean of the Luskin School of Public Affairs at UCLA. “And there’s an important lesson here. I think the one place where President Trump did invest in Latinos is in South Florida, and he was rewarded for that. So investment matters, being on the ground matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, 38% of Latinos voted for Trump, including a majority of Cuban Americans, according to the Election Eve Poll. That level of support for Trump’s reelection led to concern among more liberal voters in the hours after the polls closed, as well as reminders on social media that the 60 million Latinos in the U.S. have never been a monolithic group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People look for simple metrics,” said Louis DeSipio, a professor of political science at UC Irvine who has studied Latino voters for decades. “And any community is diverse, not just in national origin, but in terms of generation, the region they live in. That’s reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In previous elections, between a quarter and a third of Latinos have typically voted for Republican presidential candidates nationwide, with the GOP usually getting better results in states like Texas and Florida, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846112\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11846112\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45725_image0000001-1-qut-e1604643595637.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Latino and other voters gather at a recent rally for President Trump in Beverly Hills, California. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of David Hernandez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the millions of Californians who voted to reelect the president was David Hernandez, chair of the Los Angeles Hispanic Republican Club. The retired insurance adjuster and business owner identifies as a third-generation American of Mexican descent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said Trump is a better candidate to promote economic prosperity, as the country experienced in the years before the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some observers point out that Trump inherited a flourishing economy from the Obama administration. But Hernandez believes the president’s fiscal and tax policies contributed to the pre-pandemic growth and should eventually lift the country from its current economic slump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fiscal policies and prosperity over the past almost four years has really been the deciding factor,” said Hernandez, 72. “So I think a lot of the support is because of the policies, not because of the personality of Donald Trump.” [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the top issue for all voters surveyed in the poll, the coronavirus pandemic, Hernandez said he and other Latino Trump supporters agree with the president’s push to reopen the economy faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Latinos can’t work from home, he said, and have experienced financial devastation due to efforts to stop the spread of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While there is a concern over the disease itself, there is a more immediate concern that they’re not going to be able to pay their rent, that they’re not going to be able to take care of their families,” Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"election-2020,2020-election\" label=\"more election coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the poll found that while a majority of white voters supported the Republican ticket nationwide, 70% of Latinos turned out for Biden and his running mate Kamala Harris. That proportion was even higher in California, with 75% of Latino voters supporting the Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Latinos were the only voters, the election results would be blindingly clear,” said Clarissa Martínez-de-Castro, deputy vice president of policy and advocacy at UnidosUS, one of the advocacy and civic engagement nonprofits that sponsored the poll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the vote count continues, Martínez-de-Castro said another takeaway is that meaningful outreach to Latinos remains critical for both parties. Latinos have proven that they are a growing force deciding presidential elections, she said, particularly in competitive states such as Nevada and Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A more solid picture of how Latinos voted this election won’t emerge until months from now, after results are certified and researchers have a chance to estimate voter demographics and preferences. But the American Election Eve Poll, designed to be representative of the Latino community — as well as Black, Native American and Asian American voters — offers a glimpse that is more reliable than exit polls, according to DeSipio and other political scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll interviewed 15,200 voters across the U.S., including 5,300 Latinos, who had already voted or were 100% sure they would vote by Nov. 3. The margin of error was +/-1.4% for nationwide results, and almost 5% for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was little outreach by the Democrats and the Biden campaign,” said Segura, dean of the Luskin School of Public Affairs at UCLA. “And there’s an important lesson here. I think the one place where President Trump did invest in Latinos is in South Florida, and he was rewarded for that. So investment matters, being on the ground matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, 38% of Latinos voted for Trump, including a majority of Cuban Americans, according to the Election Eve Poll. That level of support for Trump’s reelection led to concern among more liberal voters in the hours after the polls closed, as well as reminders on social media that the 60 million Latinos in the U.S. have never been a monolithic group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People look for simple metrics,” said Louis DeSipio, a professor of political science at UC Irvine who has studied Latino voters for decades. “And any community is diverse, not just in national origin, but in terms of generation, the region they live in. That’s reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In previous elections, between a quarter and a third of Latinos have typically voted for Republican presidential candidates nationwide, with the GOP usually getting better results in states like Texas and Florida, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846112\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11846112\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45725_image0000001-1-qut-e1604643595637.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Latino and other voters gather at a recent rally for President Trump in Beverly Hills, California. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of David Hernandez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the millions of Californians who voted to reelect the president was David Hernandez, chair of the Los Angeles Hispanic Republican Club. The retired insurance adjuster and business owner identifies as a third-generation American of Mexican descent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said Trump is a better candidate to promote economic prosperity, as the country experienced in the years before the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some observers point out that Trump inherited a flourishing economy from the Obama administration. But Hernandez believes the president’s fiscal and tax policies contributed to the pre-pandemic growth and should eventually lift the country from its current economic slump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fiscal policies and prosperity over the past almost four years has really been the deciding factor,” said Hernandez, 72. “So I think a lot of the support is because of the policies, not because of the personality of Donald Trump.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the top issue for all voters surveyed in the poll, the coronavirus pandemic, Hernandez said he and other Latino Trump supporters agree with the president’s push to reopen the economy faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Latinos can’t work from home, he said, and have experienced financial devastation due to efforts to stop the spread of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While there is a concern over the disease itself, there is a more immediate concern that they’re not going to be able to pay their rent, that they’re not going to be able to take care of their families,” Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the poll found that while a majority of white voters supported the Republican ticket nationwide, 70% of Latinos turned out for Biden and his running mate Kamala Harris. That proportion was even higher in California, with 75% of Latino voters supporting the Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Latinos were the only voters, the election results would be blindingly clear,” said Clarissa Martínez-de-Castro, deputy vice president of policy and advocacy at UnidosUS, one of the advocacy and civic engagement nonprofits that sponsored the poll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the vote count continues, Martínez-de-Castro said another takeaway is that meaningful outreach to Latinos remains critical for both parties. Latinos have proven that they are a growing force deciding presidential elections, she said, particularly in competitive states such as Nevada and Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A more solid picture of how Latinos voted this election won’t emerge until months from now, after results are certified and researchers have a chance to estimate voter demographics and preferences. But the American Election Eve Poll, designed to be representative of the Latino community — as well as Black, Native American and Asian American voters — offers a glimpse that is more reliable than exit polls, according to DeSipio and other political scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll interviewed 15,200 voters across the U.S., including 5,300 Latinos, who had already voted or were 100% sure they would vote by Nov. 3. The margin of error was +/-1.4% for nationwide results, and almost 5% for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For Henok Welday, an Oakland resident, President Donald Trump’s immigration policies towards asylum seekers and refugees were top of mind when filling out his mail-in ballot at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eritrean immigrant won asylum in the U.S. and became a citizen about six years ago. Because of his experience, Welday said he is upset that the Trump administration has blocked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11801856/9-ways-trump-has-overhauled-immigration-to-the-us\">tens of thousands\u003c/a> of mostly Central American migrants from seeking humanitarian protections at the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are all human beings. I would like the chance that I’ve been given here to be given to other people too,” said Welday, who fled an Eritrean regime accused by the United Nations of crimes against humanity. “People may have no other choice than to leave their countries and seek a better life here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made restricting immigration, both legal and illegal, a central focus of his administration. As millions of Californians cast their ballots ahead of Nov. 3, many of the president’s strict immigration policies are on the minds of many — including the one out of every six registered voters in the state who are immigrants themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, eligible voters who are foreign born have grown to about 10% of the overall electorate, according to estimates by the Pew Research Center. And California has more naturalized U.S. citizens who are eligible to vote than any other state, about 5.5 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11844679\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11844679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45481_029_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A voter approaches an Alameda County Registrar of Voters ballot drop box in Oakland on Oct. 27, 2020.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45481_029_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45481_029_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45481_029_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45481_029_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45481_029_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A voter approaches an Alameda County Registrar of Voters ballot drop box in Oakland on Oct. 27, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Welday voted for the first time this presidential election and said he regretted not casting his ballot in 2016, even though he had the right to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday morning, he brought his six-year old son Nathan with him to drop off his ballot at an official drop box outside the Alameda County Superior Courthouse in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted him to see what’s the right thing to do,” said Welday. “Whatever his choices may be. But it’s always to let your voice be heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glancing at his son, he said he doesn’t want a president that ordered border authorities to separate nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782685/new-tally-totals-over-5500-kids-taken-from-parents-at-the-border\">5,500\u003c/a> migrant children from their parents, including hundreds who have not yet been reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s saddening,” said Welday, shaking his head. “I mean, as a parent, you wouldn’t want to be away from your child for one day. Forget about being in two countries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11844646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11844646\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45488_036_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45488_036_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45488_036_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45488_036_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45488_036_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45488_036_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Naomi Means walks in Oakland’s Chinatown on Oct. 27, 2020. Means, an immigrant from Japan, became a U.S. citizen nearly two decades ago. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Walking the streets of Oakland’s Chinatown, Naomi Means also said the president’s treatment of immigrants was a key factor in her vote for Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Means, a special education teacher, disagreed with Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://publicpool.kinja.com/subject-presidential-determination-on-refugee-admissio-1845502954\">order\u003c/a> to admit only up to 15,000 refugees next year, an all-time low. Previous Republican and Democratic administrations typically set the refugee cap at more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/trump-cuts-refugee-cap/2020/10/01/a5113b62-03ed-11eb-8879-7663b816bfa5_story.html\">70,000\u003c/a> people per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"election-2020\" label=\"Election 2020 Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really feel for them,” said Means, 61, originally from Japan. “I don’t agree with excluding other people. This is a country of immigrants anyway, and except for Native Americans, everybody else came from other parts of this earth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for other naturalized citizens outside of deep-blue Oakland, immigration was not a top issue defining their votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mohamed Elsherbini, an immigrant from Egypt, has owned a tour company in the Bay Area for more than three decades. He said his main concerns this election are national security and the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I understand that California is mainly a blue state, but I believe that Trump has a better chance to lead our country to economic growth and safety and stand up to any dangers, whether from terrorist groups, or stand up for better economic deals with China,” said Elsherbini, 58.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11844779\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11844779\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Elhersbini_v2-1-800x537.jpg\" alt=\"Mohamed Elsherbini, an immigrant from Egypt, poses next to an American flag. Elsherbini is running for a seat on Danville's town council.\" width=\"800\" height=\"537\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Elhersbini_v2-1-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Elhersbini_v2-1-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Elhersbini_v2-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Elhersbini_v2-1-1536x1031.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Elhersbini_v2-1.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mohamed Elsherbini, an immigrant from Egypt, poses next to an American flag. Elsherbini is running for a seat on Danville’s town council. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Mohamed Elsherbini)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After living more than 20 years in Danville, Elsherbini is now a candidate himself, running for town council to support small businesses and help create jobs, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know the city very well, and I know what we need to keep Danville safe, balance the budget and support local businesses,” said Elsherbini, who identifies as a conservative and GOP supporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans represent nearly 20% of the nearly 3.8 million California voters identified as foreign born, according to Political Data, Inc. Meanwhile, Democrats are about half of immigrant voters in the state, and a third have no party preference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsherbini’s friend Muhammed Jawaid, also a Danville resident, said he voted for Trump in 2016. But this year, he cast his vote for Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jawaid, a retired network analyst for tech companies, said he wants the next commander-in-chief to act urgently to solve climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trump doesn’t believe in science,” said Jawaid, 66. “I mean, it’s mind boggling in this day and age. We have the data under our fingertips, and it is showing that it is us humans that are warming the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11844780\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11844780\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Muhammed Jawaid, an immigrant from Pakistan, poses in front of his Danville home by a yard sign supporting his friend Mohamed Elsherbini's campaign for Danville town council.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Muhammed Jawaid, an immigrant from Pakistan, poses in front of his Danville home by a yard sign supporting his friend Mohamed Elsherbini’s campaign for Danville town council. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Muhammed Jawaid)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a Muslim from Pakistan, Jawaid worries the president’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11802728/california-immigrants-grapple-with-trumps-expanded-travel-ban\">travel ban\u003c/a> and rhetoric against non-white immigrants will lead to discrimination, including against his own family. He said he hopes the next U.S. leader will treat all citizens equally, no matter their race or what country they came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re Americans, they are Americans, period. They have taken an oath,” said Jawaid, 66. “But if you start alienating them and you say you’re not equal to a white race, then that can be detrimental in the long run to the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For Henok Welday, an Oakland resident, President Donald Trump’s immigration policies towards asylum seekers and refugees were top of mind when filling out his mail-in ballot at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eritrean immigrant won asylum in the U.S. and became a citizen about six years ago. Because of his experience, Welday said he is upset that the Trump administration has blocked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11801856/9-ways-trump-has-overhauled-immigration-to-the-us\">tens of thousands\u003c/a> of mostly Central American migrants from seeking humanitarian protections at the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are all human beings. I would like the chance that I’ve been given here to be given to other people too,” said Welday, who fled an Eritrean regime accused by the United Nations of crimes against humanity. “People may have no other choice than to leave their countries and seek a better life here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made restricting immigration, both legal and illegal, a central focus of his administration. As millions of Californians cast their ballots ahead of Nov. 3, many of the president’s strict immigration policies are on the minds of many — including the one out of every six registered voters in the state who are immigrants themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, eligible voters who are foreign born have grown to about 10% of the overall electorate, according to estimates by the Pew Research Center. And California has more naturalized U.S. citizens who are eligible to vote than any other state, about 5.5 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11844679\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11844679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45481_029_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A voter approaches an Alameda County Registrar of Voters ballot drop box in Oakland on Oct. 27, 2020.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45481_029_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45481_029_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45481_029_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45481_029_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45481_029_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A voter approaches an Alameda County Registrar of Voters ballot drop box in Oakland on Oct. 27, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Welday voted for the first time this presidential election and said he regretted not casting his ballot in 2016, even though he had the right to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday morning, he brought his six-year old son Nathan with him to drop off his ballot at an official drop box outside the Alameda County Superior Courthouse in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted him to see what’s the right thing to do,” said Welday. “Whatever his choices may be. But it’s always to let your voice be heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glancing at his son, he said he doesn’t want a president that ordered border authorities to separate nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782685/new-tally-totals-over-5500-kids-taken-from-parents-at-the-border\">5,500\u003c/a> migrant children from their parents, including hundreds who have not yet been reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s saddening,” said Welday, shaking his head. “I mean, as a parent, you wouldn’t want to be away from your child for one day. Forget about being in two countries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11844646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11844646\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45488_036_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45488_036_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45488_036_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45488_036_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45488_036_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45488_036_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Naomi Means walks in Oakland’s Chinatown on Oct. 27, 2020. Means, an immigrant from Japan, became a U.S. citizen nearly two decades ago. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Walking the streets of Oakland’s Chinatown, Naomi Means also said the president’s treatment of immigrants was a key factor in her vote for Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Means, a special education teacher, disagreed with Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://publicpool.kinja.com/subject-presidential-determination-on-refugee-admissio-1845502954\">order\u003c/a> to admit only up to 15,000 refugees next year, an all-time low. Previous Republican and Democratic administrations typically set the refugee cap at more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/trump-cuts-refugee-cap/2020/10/01/a5113b62-03ed-11eb-8879-7663b816bfa5_story.html\">70,000\u003c/a> people per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really feel for them,” said Means, 61, originally from Japan. “I don’t agree with excluding other people. This is a country of immigrants anyway, and except for Native Americans, everybody else came from other parts of this earth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for other naturalized citizens outside of deep-blue Oakland, immigration was not a top issue defining their votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mohamed Elsherbini, an immigrant from Egypt, has owned a tour company in the Bay Area for more than three decades. He said his main concerns this election are national security and the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I understand that California is mainly a blue state, but I believe that Trump has a better chance to lead our country to economic growth and safety and stand up to any dangers, whether from terrorist groups, or stand up for better economic deals with China,” said Elsherbini, 58.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11844779\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11844779\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Elhersbini_v2-1-800x537.jpg\" alt=\"Mohamed Elsherbini, an immigrant from Egypt, poses next to an American flag. Elsherbini is running for a seat on Danville's town council.\" width=\"800\" height=\"537\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Elhersbini_v2-1-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Elhersbini_v2-1-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Elhersbini_v2-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Elhersbini_v2-1-1536x1031.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Elhersbini_v2-1.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mohamed Elsherbini, an immigrant from Egypt, poses next to an American flag. Elsherbini is running for a seat on Danville’s town council. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Mohamed Elsherbini)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After living more than 20 years in Danville, Elsherbini is now a candidate himself, running for town council to support small businesses and help create jobs, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know the city very well, and I know what we need to keep Danville safe, balance the budget and support local businesses,” said Elsherbini, who identifies as a conservative and GOP supporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans represent nearly 20% of the nearly 3.8 million California voters identified as foreign born, according to Political Data, Inc. Meanwhile, Democrats are about half of immigrant voters in the state, and a third have no party preference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsherbini’s friend Muhammed Jawaid, also a Danville resident, said he voted for Trump in 2016. But this year, he cast his vote for Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jawaid, a retired network analyst for tech companies, said he wants the next commander-in-chief to act urgently to solve climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trump doesn’t believe in science,” said Jawaid, 66. “I mean, it’s mind boggling in this day and age. We have the data under our fingertips, and it is showing that it is us humans that are warming the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11844780\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11844780\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Muhammed Jawaid, an immigrant from Pakistan, poses in front of his Danville home by a yard sign supporting his friend Mohamed Elsherbini's campaign for Danville town council.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Jawaid_v2-1-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Muhammed Jawaid, an immigrant from Pakistan, poses in front of his Danville home by a yard sign supporting his friend Mohamed Elsherbini’s campaign for Danville town council. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Muhammed Jawaid)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a Muslim from Pakistan, Jawaid worries the president’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11802728/california-immigrants-grapple-with-trumps-expanded-travel-ban\">travel ban\u003c/a> and rhetoric against non-white immigrants will lead to discrimination, including against his own family. He said he hopes the next U.S. leader will treat all citizens equally, no matter their race or what country they came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re Americans, they are Americans, period. They have taken an oath,” said Jawaid, 66. “But if you start alienating them and you say you’re not equal to a white race, then that can be detrimental in the long run to the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration’s family separation policy was marked by “reckless incompetence and intentional cruelty,” according to a \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20400755/the_trump_administration_family_separation_policy_trauma_destruction_and_chaos.pdf\">report\u003c/a> released Thursday by the U.S. House Judiciary Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new report, released as the result of a 21-month investigation, shows that the administration’s plan to separate families at the U.S.-Mexico border began much earlier than many knew: within weeks of President Trump’s inauguration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an outrageous, shameful chapter in America’s history,” said Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-San Jose, who serves on the Judiciary Committee and chairs the House Immigration Subcommittee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rep. Zoe Lofgren\"]‘Either it was an intentional human rights abuse or it was [done] with such a reckless disregard that it might as well have been an intentional human rights abuse.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also found that while a formal process of separations didn’t start until the summer of 2017, that spring saw a spike in family separations. The percentage of children in the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) as a result of family separation jumped from 0.3% in November 2016 to 2.6% in March 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While much of the report details information that has been widespread in the more than three years since separations began, it highlights the lack of communication between agencies under the Department of Homeland Security; particularly U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and ORR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example of this disorganization happened in July 2018, according to the report, after U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw in San Diego ordered the youngest group of separated children to be reunified with their parents. On July 16, 2018, “37 ‘tender age’ children were approved for reunification with their parents at an ICE detention facility.” But, after waiting eight hours at the facility, “ICE still had not processed any of the parents.” ORR officials then took the children back to the buses, where they waited until late in the evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11844497\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1802px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11844497\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Screen-Shot-2020-10-29-at-11.20.29-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1802\" height=\"758\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Screen-Shot-2020-10-29-at-11.20.29-PM.png 1802w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Screen-Shot-2020-10-29-at-11.20.29-PM-800x337.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Screen-Shot-2020-10-29-at-11.20.29-PM-1020x429.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Screen-Shot-2020-10-29-at-11.20.29-PM-160x67.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Screen-Shot-2020-10-29-at-11.20.29-PM-1536x646.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1802px) 100vw, 1802px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to the report, inconsistent guidance — as displayed here — made the separation process “chaotic and even more cruel than necessary.” \u003ccite>(House Judiciary Committee)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lofgren said she was struck by the widespread knowledge of the program and the complicity of people within the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the way from the secretary of Homeland Security to the attorney general to the head of the Border Patrol: They knew that they were taking these children away and they lacked the capacity to track them with their parents or to ever reunite them,” Lofgren said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, court documents detailed that lawyers and advocates were \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843100/parents-of-545-children-separated-at-u-s-mexico-border-still-cant-be-found\">unable to find the parents of hundreds of children\u003c/a> who’d been separated in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the committee’s report, during that initial five-month pilot program in El Paso, Texas, where many of those 545 families were separated, Trump administration officials “discovered that the government was unable to track separated family members in a way that allowed for later reunification of children with their parents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And, knowing that, they went ahead and took thousands of children away from their parents anyway,” Lofgren said. “Either it was an intentional human rights abuse or it was [done] with such a reckless disregard that it might as well have been an intentional human rights abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='family-separation']This week, a group of doctors \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843880/us-treatment-of-migrant-children-falls-under-un-definition-of-torture-doctors-say\">published a paper in the medical journal Pediatrics\u003c/a> alleging that the federal government’s treatment of separated families amounts to torture under international law. Lofgren said she agrees with that assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Children were taken from their parents without even being told what was going on. They never had a chance to even say goodbye to their parents. They were traumatized and removed to remote locations. Really there’s no excuse for it, and it really is torture in some cases,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to redress the policy of family separation, and numerous other issues at the border, Lofgren said she’s working on a comprehensive rewrite of the country’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/laws-and-policy/legislation/immigration-and-nationality-act\">Immigration and Nationality Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The act hasn’t really been rewritten in its entirety since 1965, and it doesn’t well-serve the United States at this point,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lofgren plans to release the new version before the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also found that while a formal process of separations didn’t start until the summer of 2017, that spring saw a spike in family separations. The percentage of children in the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) as a result of family separation jumped from 0.3% in November 2016 to 2.6% in March 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While much of the report details information that has been widespread in the more than three years since separations began, it highlights the lack of communication between agencies under the Department of Homeland Security; particularly U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and ORR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example of this disorganization happened in July 2018, according to the report, after U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw in San Diego ordered the youngest group of separated children to be reunified with their parents. On July 16, 2018, “37 ‘tender age’ children were approved for reunification with their parents at an ICE detention facility.” But, after waiting eight hours at the facility, “ICE still had not processed any of the parents.” ORR officials then took the children back to the buses, where they waited until late in the evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11844497\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1802px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11844497\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Screen-Shot-2020-10-29-at-11.20.29-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1802\" height=\"758\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Screen-Shot-2020-10-29-at-11.20.29-PM.png 1802w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Screen-Shot-2020-10-29-at-11.20.29-PM-800x337.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Screen-Shot-2020-10-29-at-11.20.29-PM-1020x429.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Screen-Shot-2020-10-29-at-11.20.29-PM-160x67.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Screen-Shot-2020-10-29-at-11.20.29-PM-1536x646.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1802px) 100vw, 1802px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to the report, inconsistent guidance — as displayed here — made the separation process “chaotic and even more cruel than necessary.” \u003ccite>(House Judiciary Committee)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lofgren said she was struck by the widespread knowledge of the program and the complicity of people within the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the way from the secretary of Homeland Security to the attorney general to the head of the Border Patrol: They knew that they were taking these children away and they lacked the capacity to track them with their parents or to ever reunite them,” Lofgren said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, court documents detailed that lawyers and advocates were \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843100/parents-of-545-children-separated-at-u-s-mexico-border-still-cant-be-found\">unable to find the parents of hundreds of children\u003c/a> who’d been separated in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the committee’s report, during that initial five-month pilot program in El Paso, Texas, where many of those 545 families were separated, Trump administration officials “discovered that the government was unable to track separated family members in a way that allowed for later reunification of children with their parents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And, knowing that, they went ahead and took thousands of children away from their parents anyway,” Lofgren said. “Either it was an intentional human rights abuse or it was [done] with such a reckless disregard that it might as well have been an intentional human rights abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This week, a group of doctors \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843880/us-treatment-of-migrant-children-falls-under-un-definition-of-torture-doctors-say\">published a paper in the medical journal Pediatrics\u003c/a> alleging that the federal government’s treatment of separated families amounts to torture under international law. Lofgren said she agrees with that assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Children were taken from their parents without even being told what was going on. They never had a chance to even say goodbye to their parents. They were traumatized and removed to remote locations. Really there’s no excuse for it, and it really is torture in some cases,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to redress the policy of family separation, and numerous other issues at the border, Lofgren said she’s working on a comprehensive rewrite of the country’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/laws-and-policy/legislation/immigration-and-nationality-act\">Immigration and Nationality Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The act hasn’t really been rewritten in its entirety since 1965, and it doesn’t well-serve the United States at this point,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lofgren plans to release the new version before the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump was asked at last week’s debate about his policy separating thousands of migrant families at the border — and how the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/21/926031426/parents-of-545-children-separated-at-u-s-mexico-border-still-cant-be-found#:~:text=Live%20Sessions-,Parents%20Of%20545%20Children%20Separated%20At%20U.S.%2DMexico%20Border%20Still,pandemic%2C%20according%20to%20the%20filing.\">more than 500 remaining children\u003c/a> whose parents can’t be located would ever be reunited with them. He didn’t answer the question, then tried to shift attention to an Obama-era border processing center where kids were held in chain-link fenced enclosures, asking repeatedly: “Who built the cages, Joe?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Lisa García Bedolla, UC Berkeley political scientist\"]‘Immigration is a gateway issue, a signal to me of whether you think my family and I should be in this country or not, and deserve full rights or not.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZ9vIzVZjS4\">six minutes of the debate\u003c/a> that NBC moderator Kristen Welker dedicated to immigration that night marked one of the first times the topic has come up in any kind of substantial way during the presidential campaign. That’s striking, since Trump has made restricting immigration a dominant theme of his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for voters in California, where one in four residents was born in another country and immigrants are integral to almost every community and to the state’s economy, U.S. immigration policy —and the president’s stance toward immigrants — deeply matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apjNfkysjbM&feature=youtu.be&t=208\">announced his candidacy\u003c/a> in 2015, saying Mexicans are “bringing drugs, they’re bringing crime, they’re rapists,” he has linked his political fortunes to the idea that immigrants are a threat to the United States and a drain on its resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with laser focus, his administration has pushed through more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/us-immigration-system-changes-trump-presidency\">400 executive actions\u003c/a> on immigration, ranging from sweeping policy directives, such as the travel ban aimed at citizens of mostly Muslim countries, to little-noticed rule changes, including one expanding DNA collection from people in immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contrast between Trump and Democratic nominee Joe Biden could hardly be starker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former vice president has pledged to reverse Trump’s immigration restrictions and raise the cap on refugee admissions to 125,000 (from Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-donald-trump-politics-united-states-immigration-f76797b97e8a0b66150d0269fe4f432b\">recently announced\u003c/a> 15,000 — a record low). Biden says he will push legislation to create “a roadmap to citizenship” for the country’s nearly 11 million undocumented immigrants. And he talks about establishing a “fair and humane” immigration system, that will “enforce our laws without targeting communities, violating due process or tearing apart families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden also pledged on Thursday that, if elected, he would \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PevJComISV0&feature=youtu.be\">set up a task force\u003c/a> focused on reuniting families separated under the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a year defined by the coronavirus pandemic and the resulting economic crisis, as well as protests for racial justice and an onslaught of fierce climate change-driven wildfires and hurricanes, immigration has taken a back seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some observers believe Trump has also downplayed the issue because his policies are not popular. In a commentary published earlier this month in the liberal-leaning \u003ca href=\"https://prospect.org/politics/trump-not-talking-as-much-about-immigrants-this-year/\">American Prospect\u003c/a> magazine, executive editor David Dayen said, “Trump’s full-barreled rhetorical assault on immigrants during the 2018 midterms led to an historic defeat. This year, he’s put that talk aside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent Gallup poll found that more than \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/313106/americans-not-less-immigration-first-time.aspx\">three-fourths of Americans\u003c/a> believe immigration is a good thing for the country. And a UC Berkeley Institute of Governmental Studies Poll from 2019 found that support for immigration is even stronger among Californians, with \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2147v4gd\">82% of the state’s voters\u003c/a> saying immigrants make the U.S. a better place to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s overwhelming support for a path for undocumented people to stay in the country, overwhelming support for DACA, overwhelming opposition to building a wall,” said Mark Baldassare, president of the Public Policy Institute of California, who runs a monthly \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/survey/\">statewide public opinion survey\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attention on immigration in the most recent presidential debate “raised the profile of the issue again and reminded California voters of what the candidates’ positions are, and whose positions are closer to theirs,” Baldassare said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the face of the pandemic, he added, immigration is a low-priority issue for most voters this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet for Latino voters, it remains among a handful of top issues. A \u003ca href=\"https://latinodecisions.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/NALEO-Week-7-Toplines_weekly.pdf\">national poll this month\u003c/a>, conducted by Latino Decisions, asked Latino voters to name the issues they felt were of greatest importance for the next president to address. After listing the coronavirus, the cost of health care and jobs, respondents pointed to issues of immigration reform and protecting immigrants’ rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More immigration coverage\" postID=\"news_11843880,news_11843511,news_11831289,news_11797878\"]“Immigration is a gateway issue, a signal to me of whether you think my family and I should be in this country or not, and deserve full rights or not,” said Lisa García Bedolla, a UC Berkeley political scientist and dean of the university’s graduate division, whose parents were refugees from Cuba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the days before last week’s debate, the president’s controversial family separation policy was again \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843100/parents-of-545-children-separated-at-u-s-mexico-border-still-cant-be-found\">back in the headlines\u003c/a>. A status report to the federal judge overseeing the reunification of thousands of migrant families revealed that the parents of 545 children could not be located, despite \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11831289/how-covid-19-has-impacted-the-search-for-separated-families\">search teams going door-to-door\u003c/a> through Central American cities and towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, court records show that contact hasn’t even been attempted with the parents of another 526 children separated as early as 2017. On top of that, at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11797878/zero-tolerance-an-ongoing-history-of-family-separations-at-the-u-s-mexico-border\">1,142 more children\u003c/a> were taken from their parents at the border after the judge ordered the practice halted, although, so far, they are not protected by the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>García Bedolla contrasted what she called Trump’s lack of empathy for the children taken from their parents (“They are in facilities that are so clean,” he said during the debate) with Biden’s outrage (“It violates every notion of who we are as a country.”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So immigration becomes a moral question,” she said. “Biden was correct: It’s about who we are … To what extent is immigration a reflection of our core values? And the place where we’ve gotten over the past four years is in violation of those values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president’s apparent disdain for many immigrants was also in evidence at the debate when he said, falsely, that fewer than 1% of migrants arrested at the border and released with hearing dates actually appear in court, adding that only “those with the lowest IQ, they might come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/562/\">court data shows\u003c/a> that more than 80% of migrant families released from immigration custody attended all their court hearings as of last year — and among those with lawyers, 99% attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though many of Trump’s policies have been challenged in court, the relentless pace of immigration restrictions over the past four years — mostly accomplished through executive actions — has transformed immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.promiseskept.com/achievement/overview/immigration/#\">has\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Effectively shut down asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Taken aim at local government “sanctuary” policies;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Created bureaucratic hurdles to legal immigration;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Made it harder for foreign students and skilled workers to get visas;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Established a financial means test for legal immigrants seeking green cards;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Attempted to end the deportation protections for DACA recipients ;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Spent billions of dollars to fortify the fence on the border;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Curtailed the independence of immigration judges;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And — until the pandemic — locked up record numbers of people in immigration detention (an average of 55,000 a day in August 2019).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And beginning this spring, the administration used the coronavirus crisis as a rationale to expel asylum seekers and unauthorized migrants at the border without screening them for fears of persecution, as required by law. The executive order, which relies on a 1944 public health statute, has turned away tens of thousands of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump is re-elected, some observers believe his immigration adviser Stephen Miller has \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Haleaziz/status/1310983880187412480\">a raft of executive orders\u003c/a> drafted to further restrict immigration, including policies that may have been considered too extreme for a candidate for re-election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s \u003ca href=\"https://joebiden.com/immigration/#\">immigration plan\u003c/a>, by contrast, proposes to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reform temporary work visas to better protect U.S. and foreign workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Expand protections for undocumented immigrants who report labor violations;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore DACA protections and propose a permanent path to citizenship for Dreamers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Return to Obama-era enforcement priorities that target serious convicted criminals for deportation;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight and professional standards for immigration detention, and end the use of private prisons;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Invest in immigrant integration efforts, including naturalization and English instruction;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Double the number of immigration judges to tackle the 1 million-case backlog in immigration courts;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And address the root causes of migration by fostering economic development and the rule of law in Central American countries.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Some of Biden’s immigration proposals — most notably, creating a path to citizenship for the country’s roughly 11 million undocumented immigrants — will require congressional action, which isn’t likely unless Democrats regain control of the U.S. Senate. Meanwhile, simply undoing Trump’s new rules and executive actions could take years of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if Biden is elected, immigration is not the first or only issue that will compete for his attention, notes immigration scholar and UCLA law professor Hiroshi Motomura.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a practical matter, a Biden presidency would begin with all kinds of demands to do as much as possible, as soon as possible,” Motomura said. “Immigration initiatives will compete with health care and all kinds of other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the urgency of the economic crisis, the pandemic and other priorities, Biden’s pledge on the debate stage to introduce a legalization bill in his first 100 days in office took some immigration observers by surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigrant activists have been lobbying his team for many months, saying that he needed to take a bold position, largely to signal his moving away from Obama-era policies,” which included \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/obama-record-deportations-deporter-chief-or-not\">3 million deportations\u003c/a>, said García Bedolla. “The people I know in the immigrant rights movement weren’t sure that was going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>García Bedolla noted that President Obama also promised an immigration reform bill in his first 100 days, only to focus his attention on recovery from the Great Recession and health care reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People decided to give him that political wiggle room and, at the end, immigrant rights folks were very disappointed,” she said. “So people’s willingness to get in line [if Biden is elected] is going to be much less. It’s a very different moment. And after four years of really draconian immigration policy, people are very clear, we cannot wait.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump was asked at last week’s debate about his policy separating thousands of migrant families at the border — and how the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/21/926031426/parents-of-545-children-separated-at-u-s-mexico-border-still-cant-be-found#:~:text=Live%20Sessions-,Parents%20Of%20545%20Children%20Separated%20At%20U.S.%2DMexico%20Border%20Still,pandemic%2C%20according%20to%20the%20filing.\">more than 500 remaining children\u003c/a> whose parents can’t be located would ever be reunited with them. He didn’t answer the question, then tried to shift attention to an Obama-era border processing center where kids were held in chain-link fenced enclosures, asking repeatedly: “Who built the cages, Joe?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZ9vIzVZjS4\">six minutes of the debate\u003c/a> that NBC moderator Kristen Welker dedicated to immigration that night marked one of the first times the topic has come up in any kind of substantial way during the presidential campaign. That’s striking, since Trump has made restricting immigration a dominant theme of his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for voters in California, where one in four residents was born in another country and immigrants are integral to almost every community and to the state’s economy, U.S. immigration policy —and the president’s stance toward immigrants — deeply matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apjNfkysjbM&feature=youtu.be&t=208\">announced his candidacy\u003c/a> in 2015, saying Mexicans are “bringing drugs, they’re bringing crime, they’re rapists,” he has linked his political fortunes to the idea that immigrants are a threat to the United States and a drain on its resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with laser focus, his administration has pushed through more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/us-immigration-system-changes-trump-presidency\">400 executive actions\u003c/a> on immigration, ranging from sweeping policy directives, such as the travel ban aimed at citizens of mostly Muslim countries, to little-noticed rule changes, including one expanding DNA collection from people in immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contrast between Trump and Democratic nominee Joe Biden could hardly be starker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former vice president has pledged to reverse Trump’s immigration restrictions and raise the cap on refugee admissions to 125,000 (from Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-donald-trump-politics-united-states-immigration-f76797b97e8a0b66150d0269fe4f432b\">recently announced\u003c/a> 15,000 — a record low). Biden says he will push legislation to create “a roadmap to citizenship” for the country’s nearly 11 million undocumented immigrants. And he talks about establishing a “fair and humane” immigration system, that will “enforce our laws without targeting communities, violating due process or tearing apart families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden also pledged on Thursday that, if elected, he would \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PevJComISV0&feature=youtu.be\">set up a task force\u003c/a> focused on reuniting families separated under the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a year defined by the coronavirus pandemic and the resulting economic crisis, as well as protests for racial justice and an onslaught of fierce climate change-driven wildfires and hurricanes, immigration has taken a back seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some observers believe Trump has also downplayed the issue because his policies are not popular. In a commentary published earlier this month in the liberal-leaning \u003ca href=\"https://prospect.org/politics/trump-not-talking-as-much-about-immigrants-this-year/\">American Prospect\u003c/a> magazine, executive editor David Dayen said, “Trump’s full-barreled rhetorical assault on immigrants during the 2018 midterms led to an historic defeat. This year, he’s put that talk aside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent Gallup poll found that more than \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/313106/americans-not-less-immigration-first-time.aspx\">three-fourths of Americans\u003c/a> believe immigration is a good thing for the country. And a UC Berkeley Institute of Governmental Studies Poll from 2019 found that support for immigration is even stronger among Californians, with \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2147v4gd\">82% of the state’s voters\u003c/a> saying immigrants make the U.S. a better place to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s overwhelming support for a path for undocumented people to stay in the country, overwhelming support for DACA, overwhelming opposition to building a wall,” said Mark Baldassare, president of the Public Policy Institute of California, who runs a monthly \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/survey/\">statewide public opinion survey\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attention on immigration in the most recent presidential debate “raised the profile of the issue again and reminded California voters of what the candidates’ positions are, and whose positions are closer to theirs,” Baldassare said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the face of the pandemic, he added, immigration is a low-priority issue for most voters this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet for Latino voters, it remains among a handful of top issues. A \u003ca href=\"https://latinodecisions.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/NALEO-Week-7-Toplines_weekly.pdf\">national poll this month\u003c/a>, conducted by Latino Decisions, asked Latino voters to name the issues they felt were of greatest importance for the next president to address. After listing the coronavirus, the cost of health care and jobs, respondents pointed to issues of immigration reform and protecting immigrants’ rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Immigration is a gateway issue, a signal to me of whether you think my family and I should be in this country or not, and deserve full rights or not,” said Lisa García Bedolla, a UC Berkeley political scientist and dean of the university’s graduate division, whose parents were refugees from Cuba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the days before last week’s debate, the president’s controversial family separation policy was again \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843100/parents-of-545-children-separated-at-u-s-mexico-border-still-cant-be-found\">back in the headlines\u003c/a>. A status report to the federal judge overseeing the reunification of thousands of migrant families revealed that the parents of 545 children could not be located, despite \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11831289/how-covid-19-has-impacted-the-search-for-separated-families\">search teams going door-to-door\u003c/a> through Central American cities and towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, court records show that contact hasn’t even been attempted with the parents of another 526 children separated as early as 2017. On top of that, at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11797878/zero-tolerance-an-ongoing-history-of-family-separations-at-the-u-s-mexico-border\">1,142 more children\u003c/a> were taken from their parents at the border after the judge ordered the practice halted, although, so far, they are not protected by the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>García Bedolla contrasted what she called Trump’s lack of empathy for the children taken from their parents (“They are in facilities that are so clean,” he said during the debate) with Biden’s outrage (“It violates every notion of who we are as a country.”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So immigration becomes a moral question,” she said. “Biden was correct: It’s about who we are … To what extent is immigration a reflection of our core values? And the place where we’ve gotten over the past four years is in violation of those values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president’s apparent disdain for many immigrants was also in evidence at the debate when he said, falsely, that fewer than 1% of migrants arrested at the border and released with hearing dates actually appear in court, adding that only “those with the lowest IQ, they might come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/562/\">court data shows\u003c/a> that more than 80% of migrant families released from immigration custody attended all their court hearings as of last year — and among those with lawyers, 99% attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though many of Trump’s policies have been challenged in court, the relentless pace of immigration restrictions over the past four years — mostly accomplished through executive actions — has transformed immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.promiseskept.com/achievement/overview/immigration/#\">has\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Effectively shut down asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Taken aim at local government “sanctuary” policies;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Created bureaucratic hurdles to legal immigration;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Made it harder for foreign students and skilled workers to get visas;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Established a financial means test for legal immigrants seeking green cards;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Attempted to end the deportation protections for DACA recipients ;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Spent billions of dollars to fortify the fence on the border;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Curtailed the independence of immigration judges;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And — until the pandemic — locked up record numbers of people in immigration detention (an average of 55,000 a day in August 2019).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And beginning this spring, the administration used the coronavirus crisis as a rationale to expel asylum seekers and unauthorized migrants at the border without screening them for fears of persecution, as required by law. The executive order, which relies on a 1944 public health statute, has turned away tens of thousands of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump is re-elected, some observers believe his immigration adviser Stephen Miller has \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Haleaziz/status/1310983880187412480\">a raft of executive orders\u003c/a> drafted to further restrict immigration, including policies that may have been considered too extreme for a candidate for re-election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s \u003ca href=\"https://joebiden.com/immigration/#\">immigration plan\u003c/a>, by contrast, proposes to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reform temporary work visas to better protect U.S. and foreign workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Expand protections for undocumented immigrants who report labor violations;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore DACA protections and propose a permanent path to citizenship for Dreamers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Return to Obama-era enforcement priorities that target serious convicted criminals for deportation;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight and professional standards for immigration detention, and end the use of private prisons;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Invest in immigrant integration efforts, including naturalization and English instruction;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Double the number of immigration judges to tackle the 1 million-case backlog in immigration courts;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And address the root causes of migration by fostering economic development and the rule of law in Central American countries.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Some of Biden’s immigration proposals — most notably, creating a path to citizenship for the country’s roughly 11 million undocumented immigrants — will require congressional action, which isn’t likely unless Democrats regain control of the U.S. Senate. Meanwhile, simply undoing Trump’s new rules and executive actions could take years of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if Biden is elected, immigration is not the first or only issue that will compete for his attention, notes immigration scholar and UCLA law professor Hiroshi Motomura.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a practical matter, a Biden presidency would begin with all kinds of demands to do as much as possible, as soon as possible,” Motomura said. “Immigration initiatives will compete with health care and all kinds of other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the urgency of the economic crisis, the pandemic and other priorities, Biden’s pledge on the debate stage to introduce a legalization bill in his first 100 days in office took some immigration observers by surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigrant activists have been lobbying his team for many months, saying that he needed to take a bold position, largely to signal his moving away from Obama-era policies,” which included \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/obama-record-deportations-deporter-chief-or-not\">3 million deportations\u003c/a>, said García Bedolla. “The people I know in the immigrant rights movement weren’t sure that was going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>García Bedolla noted that President Obama also promised an immigration reform bill in his first 100 days, only to focus his attention on recovery from the Great Recession and health care reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People decided to give him that political wiggle room and, at the end, immigrant rights folks were very disappointed,” she said. “So people’s willingness to get in line [if Biden is elected] is going to be much less. It’s a very different moment. And after four years of really draconian immigration policy, people are very clear, we cannot wait.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The US government’s treatment of migrant children \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorefamilyseparationtorture\">meets the UN definition of torture\u003c/a> and is no different than “if someone was beaten with a truncheon,” according to a UCSF doctor who co-authored a new paper in the medical journal “Pediatrics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week we learned that the effects of the Trump administration’s “zero tolerance” policy of family separation are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843177/ripple-effects-of-zero-tolerance\">still being felt\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m glad doctors are still studying family separation and bringing attention to one of the most horrific policies carried out by the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separated migrant kids and parents don’t need to read this paper to know family separation is (and was intended to be) torture, but it’s a great reminder for everyone who is voting in the current election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The US government’s treatment of migrant children \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorefamilyseparationtorture\">meets the UN definition of torture\u003c/a> and is no different than “if someone was beaten with a truncheon,” according to a UCSF doctor who co-authored a new paper in the medical journal “Pediatrics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week we learned that the effects of the Trump administration’s “zero tolerance” policy of family separation are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843177/ripple-effects-of-zero-tolerance\">still being felt\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m glad doctors are still studying family separation and bringing attention to one of the most horrific policies carried out by the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separated migrant kids and parents don’t need to read this paper to know family separation is (and was intended to be) torture, but it’s a great reminder for everyone who is voting in the current election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "US Treatment of Migrant Children Falls Under UN Definition of 'Torture,' Doctors Say",
"title": "US Treatment of Migrant Children Falls Under UN Definition of 'Torture,' Doctors Say",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new paper, \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2020/10/23/peds.2020-012930\">published on the website of the medical journal \"Pediatrics\"\u003c/a> on Tuesday, calls the federal government's handling of migrant children at the border \"consistent with torture\" and recommends that pediatricians and child health care professionals take action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been a really active dialogue across the country with child health professionals about the difference between: 'Is this child abuse and neglect that's going on in detention centers and foster homes related to those detention centers, or is it torture?'\" said Coleen Kivlahan, a family medicine doctor at UCSF and the co-chair of the UCSF Health and Human Rights Initiative who co-authored the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conclusion, according to the paper, is that the \"treatment of children at the border constitutes cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment that rises to the level of torture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cat.aspx\">United Nations Convention against Torture\u003c/a> defines torture as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The paper argues that the government's treatment of migrant children falls under three criteria from this definition, as well as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.icc-cpi.int/resource-library/documents/rs-eng.pdf\">Rome Statute\u003c/a> of the International Criminal Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Coleen Kivlahan, UCSF\"]'I would describe cages and sleeping on the floor and being forcefully separated from their parents as severe pain or suffering. No different than I would if someone was beaten with a truncheon.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers argue that actions like family separations caused \"severe pain and suffering\" and were inflicted with a specific purpose and with the consent of government officials — oftentimes by order from the president himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would describe cages and sleeping on the floor and being forcefully separated from their parents as severe pain or suffering. No different than I would if someone was beaten with a truncheon,\" Kivlahan explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"'Did in fact that occur for a purpose?' Of course it occurred for a purpose. And there are public statements regarding the purpose, and that is to deter people from crossing the border, and especially from [bringing] your children across. And ... it absolutely is done by people working in an official capacity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aappublications.org/news/2019/01/18/immigration011819\">American Academy of Pediatrics reported that family separation can cause toxic stress in children\u003c/a> and can damage their developing brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Zarin Noor, who also co-authored the paper, has seen these impacts firsthand. A pediatrician in Oakland, Noor said toxic stress can cause medical issues in children like speech delay, anxiety, aggressive behavior and depression, as well as long-term health impacts like diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's not just children who are impacted by these policies. According to Kivlahan, who practices family medicine at UCSF, the impacts can be intergenerational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This becomes a multigenerational story of loss and trauma ... that impacts entire populations and is completely avoidable and preventable by making sure that we never engage in policies like this that can have this level of long-term impact,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11831289 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/child-separations4-1038x576.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A February \u003ca href=\"https://phr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PHR-Report-2020-Family-Separation-Full-Report.pdf\">study\u003c/a> from the nonprofit Physicians for Human Rights found that parents who'd been separated from their children at the border often experienced “pervasive symptoms and behaviors consistent with trauma,” and most met the conditions for “at least one mental health condition,” like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Noor also pointed out that the stress families are experiencing didn't necessarily start at the U.S. border – what happens there may be adding to an already stressful situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Families and children who are fleeing their country ... We know that they're leaving traumatic things. They're fleeing from violence or things that are harmful to them and their family ... so that's one part of the trauma,\" she said. \"And then they have the trauma that they are facing during migration, whether it's walking four miles, whatever it is to get to the border. And then they're dealing with another trauma of being separated from their family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the paper, the authors calls on pediatricians and child health professionals to take action to combat this treatment of children, including by:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Training in \"forensic assessments to identify, document, and disseminate the effects of severe ill treatment on migrant children\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Using the conventions of international law, including the UN Conventions on the Rights of the Child and against Torture, to frame advocacy\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Collaborating with families and cross-disciplinary groups, like Doctors Without Borders and Human Rights Watch, to develop programs, policies and systems \"related to children on the move at the border and globally\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The paper also calls on the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to immediately demand worldwide reunification of separated families, issue a policy statement on torture and child rights and initiate or support a case against the United States in the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, in collaboration with other organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're just children. And I think that we just need to remember that, that they are children and they need our protection,\" Noor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They need ... pediatricians and child health providers, but also [they need] the public to really look at them and say, 'these are children, these are children just like our children, and they need our protection and they have rights just as we do.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new paper, \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2020/10/23/peds.2020-012930\">published on the website of the medical journal \"Pediatrics\"\u003c/a> on Tuesday, calls the federal government's handling of migrant children at the border \"consistent with torture\" and recommends that pediatricians and child health care professionals take action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been a really active dialogue across the country with child health professionals about the difference between: 'Is this child abuse and neglect that's going on in detention centers and foster homes related to those detention centers, or is it torture?'\" said Coleen Kivlahan, a family medicine doctor at UCSF and the co-chair of the UCSF Health and Human Rights Initiative who co-authored the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conclusion, according to the paper, is that the \"treatment of children at the border constitutes cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment that rises to the level of torture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cat.aspx\">United Nations Convention against Torture\u003c/a> defines torture as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The paper argues that the government's treatment of migrant children falls under three criteria from this definition, as well as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.icc-cpi.int/resource-library/documents/rs-eng.pdf\">Rome Statute\u003c/a> of the International Criminal Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'I would describe cages and sleeping on the floor and being forcefully separated from their parents as severe pain or suffering. No different than I would if someone was beaten with a truncheon.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers argue that actions like family separations caused \"severe pain and suffering\" and were inflicted with a specific purpose and with the consent of government officials — oftentimes by order from the president himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would describe cages and sleeping on the floor and being forcefully separated from their parents as severe pain or suffering. No different than I would if someone was beaten with a truncheon,\" Kivlahan explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"'Did in fact that occur for a purpose?' Of course it occurred for a purpose. And there are public statements regarding the purpose, and that is to deter people from crossing the border, and especially from [bringing] your children across. And ... it absolutely is done by people working in an official capacity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aappublications.org/news/2019/01/18/immigration011819\">American Academy of Pediatrics reported that family separation can cause toxic stress in children\u003c/a> and can damage their developing brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Zarin Noor, who also co-authored the paper, has seen these impacts firsthand. A pediatrician in Oakland, Noor said toxic stress can cause medical issues in children like speech delay, anxiety, aggressive behavior and depression, as well as long-term health impacts like diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's not just children who are impacted by these policies. According to Kivlahan, who practices family medicine at UCSF, the impacts can be intergenerational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This becomes a multigenerational story of loss and trauma ... that impacts entire populations and is completely avoidable and preventable by making sure that we never engage in policies like this that can have this level of long-term impact,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A February \u003ca href=\"https://phr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PHR-Report-2020-Family-Separation-Full-Report.pdf\">study\u003c/a> from the nonprofit Physicians for Human Rights found that parents who'd been separated from their children at the border often experienced “pervasive symptoms and behaviors consistent with trauma,” and most met the conditions for “at least one mental health condition,” like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Noor also pointed out that the stress families are experiencing didn't necessarily start at the U.S. border – what happens there may be adding to an already stressful situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Families and children who are fleeing their country ... We know that they're leaving traumatic things. They're fleeing from violence or things that are harmful to them and their family ... so that's one part of the trauma,\" she said. \"And then they have the trauma that they are facing during migration, whether it's walking four miles, whatever it is to get to the border. And then they're dealing with another trauma of being separated from their family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the paper, the authors calls on pediatricians and child health professionals to take action to combat this treatment of children, including by:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Training in \"forensic assessments to identify, document, and disseminate the effects of severe ill treatment on migrant children\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Using the conventions of international law, including the UN Conventions on the Rights of the Child and against Torture, to frame advocacy\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Collaborating with families and cross-disciplinary groups, like Doctors Without Borders and Human Rights Watch, to develop programs, policies and systems \"related to children on the move at the border and globally\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The paper also calls on the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to immediately demand worldwide reunification of separated families, issue a policy statement on torture and child rights and initiate or support a case against the United States in the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, in collaboration with other organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're just children. And I think that we just need to remember that, that they are children and they need our protection,\" Noor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They need ... pediatricians and child health providers, but also [they need] the public to really look at them and say, 'these are children, these are children just like our children, and they need our protection and they have rights just as we do.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Despite a federal judge’s order that the government reunite families who had been separated at the U.S.-Mexico border under the Trump administration’s “zero tolerance” migration policy, the parents of 545 children still can’t be found, according to a court document filed Tuesday by the U.S. Justice Department and the American Civil Liberties Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of families were separated under the policy before the Trump administration ended the practice in 2018. The ACLU successfully sued the government, winning a court order to reunite families. Thousands of parents and children were reunited within weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But about 1,000 families who had been separated in a pilot program in 2017 were not covered by the initial court order — reunification of this group was ordered only last year. The passage of time has made finding both parents and children more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11831289 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/child-separations4-1038x576.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What has happened is horrific,” says Lee Gelernt, deputy director of the ACLU Immigrants’ Rights Project, who has been leading the litigation. “Some of these children were just babies when they were separated. Some of these children may now have been separated for more than half their lives. Almost their whole life, they have not been with their parents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The update on reunification efforts was filed ahead of a status conference scheduled for Thursday before U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filing estimates that two-thirds of the separated parents are believed to have returned to their home countries. Nongovernmental groups appointed by the court have “engaged in time consuming and arduous on-the-ground searches for parents in their respective countries of origin,” according to the filing, but those efforts were halted by the coronavirus pandemic and are only now resuming in limited fashion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Joel Rose reports that the children initially went into a shelter system before being placed with sponsors across the country and that many will likely try to remain in the United States. The ACLU’s Gelernt says about 360 of the children still have not been located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case is \u003cem>Ms. L. v. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement et al\u003c/em>., in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California, 3:18-cv-428. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Parents+Of+545+Children+Separated+At+U.S.-Mexico+Border+Still+Can%27t+Be+Found&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What has happened is horrific,” says Lee Gelernt, deputy director of the ACLU Immigrants’ Rights Project, who has been leading the litigation. “Some of these children were just babies when they were separated. Some of these children may now have been separated for more than half their lives. Almost their whole life, they have not been with their parents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The update on reunification efforts was filed ahead of a status conference scheduled for Thursday before U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filing estimates that two-thirds of the separated parents are believed to have returned to their home countries. Nongovernmental groups appointed by the court have “engaged in time consuming and arduous on-the-ground searches for parents in their respective countries of origin,” according to the filing, but those efforts were halted by the coronavirus pandemic and are only now resuming in limited fashion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Joel Rose reports that the children initially went into a shelter system before being placed with sponsors across the country and that many will likely try to remain in the United States. The ACLU’s Gelernt says about 360 of the children still have not been located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case is \u003cem>Ms. L. v. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement et al\u003c/em>., in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California, 3:18-cv-428. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Parents+Of+545+Children+Separated+At+U.S.-Mexico+Border+Still+Can%27t+Be+Found&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two controversial Trump administration immigration policies that were ruled illegal by federal courts in the San Francisco Bay Area will be decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in coming months, the high court announced Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One case deals with President Donald Trump’s approach to funding the border wall, The other deals with the policy known as “Remain in Mexico,” aimed at keeping asylum seekers out of the United States while they await hearings in immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the wall and the asylum restrictions have been central to the president’s emphasis on halting immigration at the U.S.-Mexico border, and casting immigrants as a threat. The cases also raise the question of how much power the president has to implement his policies without restriction, legal scholars say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the outcome of the Nov. 3 presidential election could affect the future of these border policies more than the Supreme Court. If Democratic nominee and former Vice President Joe Biden wins, he could roll them back, leaving the cases moot.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Looking for Funds for a Border Fence\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump made building “a big, beautiful wall” a central campaign theme in 2016. But Congress granted less than $1.4 billion for border fencing last year, far short of the $5.7 billion the administration sought. So the president announced a state of emergency, alleging that it enabled him to redirect billions of dollars that Congress had appropriated to the Defense Department for other purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Dror Ladin, ACLU senior staff attorney']‘Every lower court that has considered the case has found that the President has no authority to waste billions of taxpayer dollars on construction.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club and the Southern Border Communities Coalition \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/cases/sierra-club-v-trump-challenge-trumps-national-emergency-declaration-construct-border-wall\">sued\u003c/a>, saying that the move violated the separation of powers spelled out in the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the sole right to appropriate funds. And a federal judge in Oakland — U.S. District Judge Haywood Gilliam — ruled in June 2019 that the diversion of funds was illegal. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals agreed, but the U.S. Supreme Court allowed construction to proceed while the case is being decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every lower court that has considered the case has found that the President has no authority to waste billions of taxpayer dollars on construction,” Dror Ladin, a senior staff attorney at the ACLU and lead counsel in the case, said in a statement. “We look forward to making the same case before the Supreme Court and finally putting a stop to the administration’s unconstitutional power grab.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration says it has built 341 miles so far, but almost all of that is new fencing to replace sections of the existing fence, which covers close to 700 miles of the 2,000 mile border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Policy to Deter Asylum Seekers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The second case the high court agreed to hear deals with the 2018 Remain in Mexico policy, formally known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2019/01/24/migrant-protection-protocols\">Migrant Protection Protocols\u003c/a>. The protocols aim to prevent migrants from “gaming” the asylum system for economic opportunity in the U.S. The policy allows U.S. border authorities, after an initial asylum screening, to turn back non-Mexican adults to wait for an immigration court hearing on the Mexican side of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is one of several actions by the administration that have transformed the U.S. asylum system and effectively kept out the increased number of people seeking refuge in this country. Since the start of the coronavirus crisis, federal officials have used emergency pandemic restrictions to expel most migrants at the border without even an asylum screening. [aside tag=\"immigration\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 66,000 asylum seekers have fallen under the Remain in Mexico plan since it began in January of last year, including more than \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/628/\">25,000 with cases pending\u003c/a> in immigration courts. Most have had to shelter in Mexican border cities where cartel and gang violence is rampant, and where it has proven \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/568/\">nearly impossible\u003c/a> for migrants to find U.S. lawyers to guide their cases through an unfamiliar immigration court system. Only a tiny fraction of them — 260 people in total — \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mpp/\">have won asylum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program was \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/cases/innovation-law-lab-v-wolf\">challenged\u003c/a> by 11 asylum seekers and a group of immigrant legal service providers, including several in the Bay Area. Plaintiffs say the protocols do not provide “protection” to migrants, but rather put them in harm’s way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thousands of families remain stranded in increasingly perilous conditions, where many have faced brutal violence and homelessness,” said Blaine Bookey, legal director for the San Francisco-based Center for Gender and Refugee Studies. “We will continue the fight to stop this cruelty once and for all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, U.S. District Judge Richard Seeborg in San Francisco ruled that the policy likely violates the Immigration and Nationality Act, and other legal protections against returning immigrants to “unduly dangerous circumstances.” Again, the 9th Circuit agreed. And, again, the Supreme Court intervened to allow the policy to go forward while the case is litigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Legal and Political Changes Could Affect Cases\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Oral arguments in the two cases will be scheduled for February at the earliest, legal analysts say. And by then, the legal and political landscape may have changed significantly. Judge Amy Coney Barrett may have been confirmed to fill the vacancy left by the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, likely solidifying a conservative majority on the court. And the presidential election will have been decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a more conservative court won’t necessarily rule in Trump’s favor, especially on the border wall funding case, said Kevin R. Johnson, dean of the UC Davis School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I had to guess, I’d say it’s more likely the [border wall] appropriations case will be upheld,” Johnson said. The court “may have a conservative bent, but they do respect the constitutional separation of powers framework.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if Biden is elected, he could simply end the border wall construction and the “Remain in Mexico” policy, which were executive actions to begin with, and dismiss the government’s appeals to the Supreme Court, Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes all the difference who the president is,” he said. “If you wanted these cases to go away\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> you’d vote for a Biden-Harris ticket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Asylum and border cases will go on trial next year, but if Biden is elected he could reverse the policies and make the cases moot",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two controversial Trump administration immigration policies that were ruled illegal by federal courts in the San Francisco Bay Area will be decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in coming months, the high court announced Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One case deals with President Donald Trump’s approach to funding the border wall, The other deals with the policy known as “Remain in Mexico,” aimed at keeping asylum seekers out of the United States while they await hearings in immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the wall and the asylum restrictions have been central to the president’s emphasis on halting immigration at the U.S.-Mexico border, and casting immigrants as a threat. The cases also raise the question of how much power the president has to implement his policies without restriction, legal scholars say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the outcome of the Nov. 3 presidential election could affect the future of these border policies more than the Supreme Court. If Democratic nominee and former Vice President Joe Biden wins, he could roll them back, leaving the cases moot.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Looking for Funds for a Border Fence\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump made building “a big, beautiful wall” a central campaign theme in 2016. But Congress granted less than $1.4 billion for border fencing last year, far short of the $5.7 billion the administration sought. So the president announced a state of emergency, alleging that it enabled him to redirect billions of dollars that Congress had appropriated to the Defense Department for other purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club and the Southern Border Communities Coalition \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/cases/sierra-club-v-trump-challenge-trumps-national-emergency-declaration-construct-border-wall\">sued\u003c/a>, saying that the move violated the separation of powers spelled out in the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the sole right to appropriate funds. And a federal judge in Oakland — U.S. District Judge Haywood Gilliam — ruled in June 2019 that the diversion of funds was illegal. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals agreed, but the U.S. Supreme Court allowed construction to proceed while the case is being decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every lower court that has considered the case has found that the President has no authority to waste billions of taxpayer dollars on construction,” Dror Ladin, a senior staff attorney at the ACLU and lead counsel in the case, said in a statement. “We look forward to making the same case before the Supreme Court and finally putting a stop to the administration’s unconstitutional power grab.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration says it has built 341 miles so far, but almost all of that is new fencing to replace sections of the existing fence, which covers close to 700 miles of the 2,000 mile border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Policy to Deter Asylum Seekers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The second case the high court agreed to hear deals with the 2018 Remain in Mexico policy, formally known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2019/01/24/migrant-protection-protocols\">Migrant Protection Protocols\u003c/a>. The protocols aim to prevent migrants from “gaming” the asylum system for economic opportunity in the U.S. The policy allows U.S. border authorities, after an initial asylum screening, to turn back non-Mexican adults to wait for an immigration court hearing on the Mexican side of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is one of several actions by the administration that have transformed the U.S. asylum system and effectively kept out the increased number of people seeking refuge in this country. Since the start of the coronavirus crisis, federal officials have used emergency pandemic restrictions to expel most migrants at the border without even an asylum screening. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 66,000 asylum seekers have fallen under the Remain in Mexico plan since it began in January of last year, including more than \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/628/\">25,000 with cases pending\u003c/a> in immigration courts. Most have had to shelter in Mexican border cities where cartel and gang violence is rampant, and where it has proven \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/568/\">nearly impossible\u003c/a> for migrants to find U.S. lawyers to guide their cases through an unfamiliar immigration court system. Only a tiny fraction of them — 260 people in total — \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mpp/\">have won asylum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program was \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/cases/innovation-law-lab-v-wolf\">challenged\u003c/a> by 11 asylum seekers and a group of immigrant legal service providers, including several in the Bay Area. Plaintiffs say the protocols do not provide “protection” to migrants, but rather put them in harm’s way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thousands of families remain stranded in increasingly perilous conditions, where many have faced brutal violence and homelessness,” said Blaine Bookey, legal director for the San Francisco-based Center for Gender and Refugee Studies. “We will continue the fight to stop this cruelty once and for all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, U.S. District Judge Richard Seeborg in San Francisco ruled that the policy likely violates the Immigration and Nationality Act, and other legal protections against returning immigrants to “unduly dangerous circumstances.” Again, the 9th Circuit agreed. And, again, the Supreme Court intervened to allow the policy to go forward while the case is litigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Legal and Political Changes Could Affect Cases\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Oral arguments in the two cases will be scheduled for February at the earliest, legal analysts say. And by then, the legal and political landscape may have changed significantly. Judge Amy Coney Barrett may have been confirmed to fill the vacancy left by the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, likely solidifying a conservative majority on the court. And the presidential election will have been decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a more conservative court won’t necessarily rule in Trump’s favor, especially on the border wall funding case, said Kevin R. Johnson, dean of the UC Davis School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I had to guess, I’d say it’s more likely the [border wall] appropriations case will be upheld,” Johnson said. The court “may have a conservative bent, but they do respect the constitutional separation of powers framework.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if Biden is elected, he could simply end the border wall construction and the “Remain in Mexico” policy, which were executive actions to begin with, and dismiss the government’s appeals to the Supreme Court, Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes all the difference who the president is,” he said. “If you wanted these cases to go away\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> you’d vote for a Biden-Harris ticket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Immigrant Workers Power Napa Valley's Economy – But Fires and COVID-19 Are Destroying Jobs",
"title": "Immigrant Workers Power Napa Valley's Economy – But Fires and COVID-19 Are Destroying Jobs",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11842308/los-trabajadores-inmigrantes-impulsan-la-economia-del-valle-de-napa-pero-los-incendios-y-el-covid-19-estan-eliminando-esos-trabajos\">Leer en Español\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Arnulfo Vergara, an evacuee forced to flee from the Glass Fire burning in Napa and Sonoma counties, arrived at an emergency center at Napa Valley College earlier this week with a furrowed brow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vergara, a farmworker for more than two decades, had planned on working the entire harvest season. But the destruction wrought by recent wildfires in the form of scorched vineyards and smoke-damaged grapes has cut short many local vineyard and winery jobs, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s over. The fire came and finished everything,” said Vergara, 59, an immigrant from Mexico who lives at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/467/Housing-Authority\">Calistoga Farmworker Center\u003c/a>. “I’m not going to work the rest of October or November. That’s money that won’t go into my pocket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jenny Ocón, executive director of UpValley Family Centers\"]'It’s just devastating for the community. It’s been one thing after another.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immediate danger to thousands of residents of Calistoga, St. Helena and other Napa Valley communities has subsided as firefighters continue to make progress against the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/9/27/glass-fire/\">Glass Fire\u003c/a>, which has charred over 67,000 acres since igniting on Sept. 27 and is now nearly 75% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many of the region’s Latino immigrant workers – who are key to the local economy – say this year’s wildfires have intensified another danger: income and job losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of the coronavirus pandemic, many local families have struggled financially as shelter-in-place measures hampered tourism, restaurants and wine businesses, said Jenny Ocón, executive director for UpValley Family Centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just devastating for the community. It’s been one thing after another,” she said. “And in particular, the immigrant community is pretty hard-hit because often certain members are not eligible for federal benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undocumented immigrants are ineligible for unemployment insurance, coronavirus aid or other government benefits — even when they pay taxes. And more than half of California’s farmworkers are undocumented, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.doleta.gov/naws/research/data-tables/\">estimates\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of Labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UpValley and other nonprofits in the Napa Valley Community Organizations Active in Disaster (COAD) network have channeled more than $150,000 in private donations to provide evacuees with emergency gift cards for gas, groceries and other basic needs, said Ocón.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she foresees more long-term help will be needed, including rental assistance for vulnerable residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11841621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11841621\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Susana Garcia-Sanchez at UpValley Family Centers holds gift cards for evacuees to purchase food, gas and other basic needs. The nonprofit is part of a network, Napa Valley Community Organizations Active in Disaster, that has distributed more than $150,000 in gift cards to local evacuees. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the Glass Fire destroyed more than 300 homes in Napa County, some low-income families were already struggling to afford rent. This new loss of housing stock could make it even more difficult for them to continue living in the area, Ocón said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think it will displace some families,” she said. “Housing is already really expensive here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The median rent in the city of Napa is more than $2,400 a month, according to \u003ca href=\"https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/city-napa-tenants-need-47-an-hour-to-afford-median-rent/article_5967495b-7352-5c54-a895-e56e49ca113f.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">city officials\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The displacement of workers could spell trouble for restaurants, hotels, wineries and vineyards that rely on low-wage immigrant workers to be competitive, said Sonoma State University economics professor Robert Eyler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once they want to hire workers back in earnest, they might find a labor market that doesn't have as much supply as they used to,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='farmworkers']Eyler estimates that more than 80% of Napa County’s economy is connected in some way to tourism or the wine industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people can’t find work here and other states are opening more quickly and have fewer COVID cases, have fewer fires affecting their agriculture and hospitality, people might move on,” said Eyler, who grew up in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-wage workers facing food insecurity and the inability to pay rent will need more long-term support to hang on in the region, he said, but the pandemic and decreased tax revenues have shrunk local and state budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yalitza Garcia, another evacuee, said she lost her six-year job as a waitress at a restaurant in Yountville during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, she found another position as a server, but the restaurant — which can only seat up to 25% of its capacity indoors — lost customers as the smoky air meant patrons couldn’t sit outdoors either, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really difficult,” said Garcia, the mother of two young children. “My wages have gone down a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is one of nearly 2,000 evacuees the county of Napa has helped shelter in hotel rooms during the Glass Fire, according to county officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia came to the evacuation center with Silvia Arroyo, her sister-in-law, to get boxed lunches for relatives staying at their hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arroyo, a house cleaner, said the fire burnt two houses in St. Helena where she worked. She had already lost clients and income during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both women said they were grateful for the immediate aid of food and hotel rooms to shelter in. But they are also applying for rental assistance from the county, which could keep their families housed until they can make more money, Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we have to wait,” she said. “Because a lot of other people have also applied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources for Immigrant Workers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These organizations offer cash assistance to undocumented immigrants in wine country:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://undocufund.org/\">UndocuFund for Disaster Relief in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upvalleyfamilycenters.org/\">UpValley Relief Fund (includes Napa and Lake counties)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.onthemovebayarea.org/ncrc\">Down Valley Relief Fund (Napa County)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Find a full list of organizations providing assistance in Northern California \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantfundca.org/northern-california\">here\u003c/a> via the California Immigrant Resilience Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find COVID-19-related resources from the state of California for immigrants in Spanish, Vietnamese and other languages \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/guide-immigrant-californians/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11842308/los-trabajadores-inmigrantes-impulsan-la-economia-del-valle-de-napa-pero-los-incendios-y-el-covid-19-estan-eliminando-esos-trabajos\">Leer en Español\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Arnulfo Vergara, an evacuee forced to flee from the Glass Fire burning in Napa and Sonoma counties, arrived at an emergency center at Napa Valley College earlier this week with a furrowed brow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vergara, a farmworker for more than two decades, had planned on working the entire harvest season. But the destruction wrought by recent wildfires in the form of scorched vineyards and smoke-damaged grapes has cut short many local vineyard and winery jobs, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s over. The fire came and finished everything,” said Vergara, 59, an immigrant from Mexico who lives at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/467/Housing-Authority\">Calistoga Farmworker Center\u003c/a>. “I’m not going to work the rest of October or November. That’s money that won’t go into my pocket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'It’s just devastating for the community. It’s been one thing after another.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immediate danger to thousands of residents of Calistoga, St. Helena and other Napa Valley communities has subsided as firefighters continue to make progress against the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/9/27/glass-fire/\">Glass Fire\u003c/a>, which has charred over 67,000 acres since igniting on Sept. 27 and is now nearly 75% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many of the region’s Latino immigrant workers – who are key to the local economy – say this year’s wildfires have intensified another danger: income and job losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of the coronavirus pandemic, many local families have struggled financially as shelter-in-place measures hampered tourism, restaurants and wine businesses, said Jenny Ocón, executive director for UpValley Family Centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just devastating for the community. It’s been one thing after another,” she said. “And in particular, the immigrant community is pretty hard-hit because often certain members are not eligible for federal benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undocumented immigrants are ineligible for unemployment insurance, coronavirus aid or other government benefits — even when they pay taxes. And more than half of California’s farmworkers are undocumented, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.doleta.gov/naws/research/data-tables/\">estimates\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of Labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UpValley and other nonprofits in the Napa Valley Community Organizations Active in Disaster (COAD) network have channeled more than $150,000 in private donations to provide evacuees with emergency gift cards for gas, groceries and other basic needs, said Ocón.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she foresees more long-term help will be needed, including rental assistance for vulnerable residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11841621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11841621\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Susana Garcia-Sanchez at UpValley Family Centers holds gift cards for evacuees to purchase food, gas and other basic needs. The nonprofit is part of a network, Napa Valley Community Organizations Active in Disaster, that has distributed more than $150,000 in gift cards to local evacuees. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the Glass Fire destroyed more than 300 homes in Napa County, some low-income families were already struggling to afford rent. This new loss of housing stock could make it even more difficult for them to continue living in the area, Ocón said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think it will displace some families,” she said. “Housing is already really expensive here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The median rent in the city of Napa is more than $2,400 a month, according to \u003ca href=\"https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/city-napa-tenants-need-47-an-hour-to-afford-median-rent/article_5967495b-7352-5c54-a895-e56e49ca113f.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">city officials\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The displacement of workers could spell trouble for restaurants, hotels, wineries and vineyards that rely on low-wage immigrant workers to be competitive, said Sonoma State University economics professor Robert Eyler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once they want to hire workers back in earnest, they might find a labor market that doesn't have as much supply as they used to,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Eyler estimates that more than 80% of Napa County’s economy is connected in some way to tourism or the wine industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people can’t find work here and other states are opening more quickly and have fewer COVID cases, have fewer fires affecting their agriculture and hospitality, people might move on,” said Eyler, who grew up in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-wage workers facing food insecurity and the inability to pay rent will need more long-term support to hang on in the region, he said, but the pandemic and decreased tax revenues have shrunk local and state budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yalitza Garcia, another evacuee, said she lost her six-year job as a waitress at a restaurant in Yountville during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, she found another position as a server, but the restaurant — which can only seat up to 25% of its capacity indoors — lost customers as the smoky air meant patrons couldn’t sit outdoors either, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really difficult,” said Garcia, the mother of two young children. “My wages have gone down a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is one of nearly 2,000 evacuees the county of Napa has helped shelter in hotel rooms during the Glass Fire, according to county officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia came to the evacuation center with Silvia Arroyo, her sister-in-law, to get boxed lunches for relatives staying at their hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arroyo, a house cleaner, said the fire burnt two houses in St. Helena where she worked. She had already lost clients and income during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both women said they were grateful for the immediate aid of food and hotel rooms to shelter in. But they are also applying for rental assistance from the county, which could keep their families housed until they can make more money, Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we have to wait,” she said. “Because a lot of other people have also applied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources for Immigrant Workers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These organizations offer cash assistance to undocumented immigrants in wine country:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://undocufund.org/\">UndocuFund for Disaster Relief in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upvalleyfamilycenters.org/\">UpValley Relief Fund (includes Napa and Lake counties)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.onthemovebayarea.org/ncrc\">Down Valley Relief Fund (Napa County)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Find a full list of organizations providing assistance in Northern California \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantfundca.org/northern-california\">here\u003c/a> via the California Immigrant Resilience Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find COVID-19-related resources from the state of California for immigrants in Spanish, Vietnamese and other languages \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/guide-immigrant-californians/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Latino and immigrant workers keep the economy of “wine country” going. And while many in the Bay Area sheltered in place at the start of the pandemic, farmworkers in Napa and Sonoma counties continued working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the Glass Fire is threatening their livelihoods. Many workers have evacuated, and likely won’t get much support from the government to help stabilize their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guest\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/faridajhabvala?lang=en\">Farida Jhabvala Romero\u003c/a>, KQED immigration reporter\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These organizations offer cash assistance to undocumented immigrants in Sonoma, Napa and Lake counties:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://undocufund.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UndocuFund for Disaster Relief in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upvalleyfamilycenters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpValley Relief Fund (includes Napa and Lake counties)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.onthemovebayarea.org/ncrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Down Valley Relief Fund (Napa County)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Find a full list of organizations providing assistance in Northern California \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantfundca.org/northern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> via the California Immigrant Resilience Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find COVID-19-related resources from the state of California for immigrants in Spanish, Vietnamese and other languages \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/guide-immigrant-californians/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Latino and immigrant workers keep the economy of “wine country” going. And while many in the Bay Area sheltered in place at the start of the pandemic, farmworkers in Napa and Sonoma counties continued working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the Glass Fire is threatening their livelihoods. Many workers have evacuated, and likely won’t get much support from the government to help stabilize their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guest\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/faridajhabvala?lang=en\">Farida Jhabvala Romero\u003c/a>, KQED immigration reporter\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These organizations offer cash assistance to undocumented immigrants in Sonoma, Napa and Lake counties:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://undocufund.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UndocuFund for Disaster Relief in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upvalleyfamilycenters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpValley Relief Fund (includes Napa and Lake counties)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.onthemovebayarea.org/ncrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Down Valley Relief Fund (Napa County)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Find a full list of organizations providing assistance in Northern California \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantfundca.org/northern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> via the California Immigrant Resilience Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Alton Edmondson is no longer in the custody of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, but the Jamaican construction worker can’t shake off the feeling of being locked up alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As COVID-19 sickened dozens of people at a for-profit immigration detention center in Bakersfield this summer, staffers put Edmondson in isolation for weeks, including placing him in a cell used for disciplinary segregation that detainees call “the hole,” court records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE officials said Edmondson, who repeatedly tested negative for the coronavirus, was being quarantined and housed apart from other detainees for his own protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Elizabeth Jordan, civil rights attorney\"]‘This is really dangerous because it places a serious strain on people’s mental health.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to Edmondson, the three-week isolation he said he experienced amounted to punishing solitary confinement. Officials at the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Center locked him up for about 23 hours per day, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was depressed. I felt helpless,” said Edmondson, who has lived in this country for nearly 20 years and has three U.S.-born sons. “They served me food through a hole in the door. They made me feel like I’m a terrorist or a murderer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmondson’s experience is echoed by other ICE detainees, whose reports to advocates and in court records suggest widespread use of solitary confinement as COVID-19 proliferated in immigration detention centers around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on evidence we’ve gathered, this is the practice that they are allowing their contractors to use,” said Elizabeth Jordan, an attorney with the Civil Rights Education and Enforcement Center in Denver, who represents plaintiffs in \u003ca href=\"https://creeclaw.org/fraihat-v-immigration-and-customs-enforcement/\">Fraihat v. ICE\u003c/a>, a class-action lawsuit challenging ICE detention conditions, including the use of punitive segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really dangerous because it places a serious strain on people’s mental health,” added Jordan, who said those held in solitary confinement conditions include some immigrants who were sick with COVID-19. “It’s not what public health officials have in mind when they suggest separating people out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus has infected more than 6,300 immigrants held by ICE, including hundreds in California, according to the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE requires that immigrants kept in isolation for medical reasons must not be treated as if they are in solitary confinement, even if placed in the same cells used for disciplinary reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But detainees report being locked by themselves for more than 20 hours a day as a means of quarantine during the pandemic, advocates say, and some immigrants refuse to disclose their COVID-19 symptoms out of fear of being thrown in “the hole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Week in a Windowless Cell With No Bed\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 4, at least six men at Mesa Verde’s Dorm B were confirmed to have the coronavirus, and staffers cleared the dorm to house only positive cases. Edmondson expected guards to move him to one of three other dorms in the facility with other detainees who had tested negative. Instead, they took him to an intake cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The windowless room, used by staff to interview new detainees, was very small, with a toilet but no bed, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was horrible. I didn’t want to be there,” Edmondson said. “No fresh air. I’ve never been in a place like that for so long in my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guards brought in a TV and DVD-player for Edmondson to watch movies on. But he was forced to sleep on a mat on the floor and had no access to the commissary, which he depended on to comply with his plant-based, Rastafarian diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People must not be kept in such a hold room for more than 12 hours, according to ICE’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/detention-standards/2011/2-6.pdf\">standards\u003c/a>. But Edmondson said officials left him there for seven days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, guards confined him in a Restricted Housing Unit (known as a RHU) for two more weeks, according to ICE reports to a district court in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmondson said he only had his Bible to read. Sometimes, he stood by a small window on his cell’s metal door to watch a TV in the hall outside, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration officials did not explain why he could not live in a dorm with others who had also tested negative, according to Edmondson and his attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO Group, which owns and operates Mesa Verde, referred questions to ICE. An ICE spokesman declined to comment on Edmondson’s case.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>More ICE Detainees Isolated During Pandemic\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Since June, ICE facilities have been isolating detainees with coronavirus symptoms and placing new arrivals in quarantine for 14 days, according to the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus\">guidance on COVID-19\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But detainees are usually housed in dorms; most detention centers only have a few units where people can be isolated for disciplinary or other reasons, such as medical isolation, according to advocates and researchers who have visited ICE facilities in California and other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mesa Verde, where Edmondson was detained, has at least one medical isolation room and at least one intake cell, and three RHUs that have been generally full since August, when ICE began reporting on the facility’s COVID-19 outbreak to a district court. The facility has a maximum capacity of 400 detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11841232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 840px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS44334_IMG-20200810-WA0001_104405150868869-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11841232 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS44334_IMG-20200810-WA0001_104405150868869-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS44334_IMG-20200810-WA0001_104405150868869-1.jpg 840w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS44334_IMG-20200810-WA0001_104405150868869-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS44334_IMG-20200810-WA0001_104405150868869-1-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drone-captured footage shows detainees on a hunger strike forming a heart in the yard of Mesa Verde ICE Processing Center in April in protest over the facility’s coronavirus response. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kern Youth Abolitionists)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>ICE requires that during the pandemic, individuals quarantined in cells used for solitary confinement get regular visits from medical staff, and have access to mental health services and other benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make efforts to provide similar access to radio, TV, reading materials, personal property, and commissary as would be available in individuals’ regular housing units,” reads the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus/prr\">Pandemic Response Requirements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates say that has not been happening. As part of the Fraihat case, Jordan presented a federal court in Los Angeles with sworn declarations from two men held in solitary confinement during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 28, Oscar Perez Aguirre returned to the Aurora Contract Detention Facility in Colorado from a local hospital where he was treated for COVID-19. He said he was held for two weeks in a solitary confinement unit that was filthy and freezing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez Aguirre said he was so sick he couldn’t stand up, but he was not seen by a doctor or a mental health staffer while in isolation. A nurse did come by daily to take his temperature and blood pressure, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While I was in disciplinary segregation … I felt really down and did not have anything to do,” said Perez Aguirre, 57. “I asked for cards (to pass the time) and was told I could not have any.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruben Mencias Soto had a similar experience in May after he was treated for chest pain at a hospital and returned to California’s largest immigrant detention center in the Inland Empire city of Adelanto. A COVID-19 outbreak at the privately run facility has already infected more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus\">120 detainees\u003c/a> and is growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am locked in a cell by myself approximately 23 hours a day,” said Mencias Soto, 37. “I am very worried that I am going to have more heart issues and I will die without them noticing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the Aurora and Adelanto detention facilities are also run by The GEO Group, the Florida-based private prison firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ICE spokesman declined to comment on the court declarations by Mencias Soto or Perez Aguirre about their quarantine, citing the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement cannot comment further due to pending litigation,” said ICE spokesman Jonathan Moor in a statement. “However, lack of comment should not be construed as agreement with or stipulation to any of the litigation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advocacy group Freedom for Immigrants \u003ca href=\"https://www.freedomforimmigrants.org/covid19\">reports\u003c/a> that dozens of people detained at several ICE facilities have called the organization’s hotline saying they were afraid to disclose COVID-19 symptoms for fear of being isolated. Other callers who tested positive said they were held for 14 days in solitary confinement without appropriate medical care, according to the organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"ice-detention\"]“COVID-19 has exacerbated issues that have long existed within the U.S. immigration detention system, which has had an impact on the mental health of those in custody,” said Rebekah Entralgo, a spokeswoman for the organization, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Resources like phone calls, outside recreational time, and timely meals — which are difficult to come by even under normal circumstances — are severely limited during the pandemic, which adds to the isolation of immigration detention,” Entralgo added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Suicide in Quarantine\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The United Nations has argued that prolonged solitary confinement for more than 15 days should be banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice should never be used on juveniles or people with mental disabilities because it can amount to “cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment,” Juan Méndez, the UN Special Rapporteur on torture, \u003ca href=\"https://news.un.org/en/story/2011/10/392012-solitary-confinement-should-be-banned-most-cases-un-expert-says\">warned in 2011\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stress and suffering of solitary confinement can also lead to the onset or worsening of mental illness, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strain of isolation was particularly detrimental to Choung Woong Ahn, a detainee who committed suicide at the Mesa Verde detention center in May, according to his attorney Trevor Kosmo, with Centro Legal de la Raza in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahn, a 74-year-old man from South Korea, killed himself in the shower of a medical isolation unit while in quarantine after he returned from a hospital. ICE knew Ahn had a history of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/foia/reports/ddrAHNChoungWoong.pdf\">suicide attempts\u003c/a>, Kosmo said, but failed to continuously \u003ca href=\"https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/politics/immigration/2020/08/07/family-asks-newsom-probe-choung-woohn-ahn-suicide-ice-mesa-verde/5504694002/\">monitor him\u003c/a>, as required for at-risk detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that my client, Mr. Ahn, died due to ICE’s negligence,” Kosmo said. “And because they quarantined him in solitary confinement without giving him the one-on-one observation that he was required to have under their own detention standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kosmo, who also represents Alton Edmondson, said ICE does not need to lock up people who are awaiting immigration court hearings, and the pandemic has highlighted long-standing problems with detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s completely inhumane to put people in a windowless room for 23 hours to quarantine them,” he said. “If they can’t properly quarantine them, they need to release everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahn’s family and Edmondson could both sue The GEO Group under a new California law signed last month by Gov. Gavin Newsom. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB3228\">AB 3228\u003c/a> makes it easier for individuals to bring legal charges in state court against private detention companies for failing to abide by the terms of their contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of AB 3228 say the new law provides a path to state-level accountability for violations of ICE’s standards at for-profit facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>ICE’s History With Solitary Confinement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Concerns about ICE’s use of solitary confinement predate the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent congressional \u003ca href=\"https://homeland.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Homeland%20ICE%20facility%20staff%20report.pdf\">investigation\u003c/a> found that ICE regularly contracts with facilities that are “poorly equipped” to meet the agency’s detention guidelines, and that ICE and its parent agency, the Department of Homeland Security, rarely enforce corrections of identified problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report by the House Committee on Homeland Security also found that detainees are often denied adequate medical and mental health care, and that ICE facilities “improperly use segregation as retaliation,” sometimes on detainees who have participated in hunger strikes to protest detention conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, ICE appears to prioritize obtaining bed space over the wellbeing of detainees in its custody,” concluded the committee staffers who visited eight detention centers, including two in California and interviewed more than 400 immigrants held there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ICE spokeswoman defended the agency and said it will review the committee’s report. She added that ICE’s “aggressive inspections program” includes targeted site visits and independent third-party compliance reviews, and that the agency has made improvements to detention conditions based on recommendations by the DHS Office of the Inspector General.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE “is fully committed to the health and safety of those in our care,” said Stacey Daniels, who directs public affairs at the agency. “However, it is clear this one-sided review of our facilities was done to tarnish our agency’s reputation, as opposed to actually reviewing the care detainees receive while in our custody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE refers to the practice of isolating a detainee from the general population as “segregation,” and allows it for disciplinary or other reasons, including for a vulnerable detainee’s own protection. Facility administrators are required to notify ICE field office directors when detainees are segregated for 14 days or longer, according to the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/detention-standards/2011/2-12.pdf\">standards\u003c/a>.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Caitlin Patler, UC Davis sociology professor\"]‘It’s a really, really punitive experience, regardless of the reason for someone’s placement into solitary confinement.’[/pullquote]Between 2013 to 2017, ICE facilities nationwide logged more than 5,300 cases of segregation that lasted two weeks or more, according to Caitlin Patler, an assistant professor of sociology at UC Davis who analyzed the incident reports. One person was isolated for more than two years, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really, really punitive experience, regardless of the reason for someone’s placement into solitary confinement,” Patler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patler was troubled to find that people with mental illness were overrepresented in ICE segregation cases. And immigrants from Africa and the Caribbean — with majority Black populations — experienced a quarter of all the incidents, though they comprised only 4% of the detainee population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There might be some really problematic racialized practices happening within detention facilities where a situation involving a Black detained person results in solitary confinement much more frequently than we would expect based on their portion of the detained population,” said Patler, who co-authored a \u003ca href=\"https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/zdy7f/\">study\u003c/a> on the issue soon to be published in the peer-reviewed journal Punishment and Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ICE spokesman declined to comment on Patler’s findings, saying they haven’t been published yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11841227\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11841227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1294\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his ‘segregation cell’ back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Center. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>ICE is currently jailing about \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-management\">20,000 people\u003c/a> across the country, compared to about 38,000 immigrants who were in custody in late March. About half of those detained have criminal convictions, while the rest have pending criminal charges or have only violated immigration laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>From Plea Deal to Detention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Alton Edmondson had been jailed for 14 months in Nevada County, California, when he pled guilty to a serious felony conviction for assault with a firearm during a robbery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his criminal proceedings, Edmondson, who is Black, insisted that he was wrongly accused of the offense. He maintains his arrest stemmed from a racially-motivated traffic stop in a county where only about 1% of the population is Black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The criminal court had granted him bail, but he and his family could not afford to pay it, he said, and he remained behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole thing was racial profiling,” said Edmondson, who was visiting a friend in California when he was arrested. “I was innocent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrested Edmondson in Nov. 2018, sheriff’s deputies did not find a firearm in the vehicle he was in, and the charges were filed based on a dubious eyewitness identification, according to court documents submitted by San Francisco Public Defender’s Office. The office sued, along with the ACLU and other legal aid nonprofits, to force ICE to release vulnerable detainees from Mesa Verde during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmondson was told that if he lost his criminal trial, he faced up to 12 years of incarceration, but if he took the plea deal, he would be let out in four months, court records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of the racial demographics of the county, and pervasive racial bias among the likely juror pool, his attorney advised that his chances of winning at trial were slim,” according to the request for Edmond’s release from ICE detention filed by Genna Beier, a San Francisco deputy public defender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 26, as Edmondson was released from the Nevada County Jail, ICE officials arrested him and detained him at Mesa Verde.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmondson said he didn’t understand at the time that pleading guilty to the felony would lead to deportation proceedings and losing his green card, which has allowed him to lawfully work and live in the U.S. for nearly 20 years. But ICE disputes that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He signed an agreement acknowledging that he understood the nature of the crimes and allegations and the consequences of his plea,” said agency officials opposing his release, adding that Edmondson had two prior misdemeanor offenses related to marijuana possession and a DUI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Sept. 23, U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria ordered ICE to release Edmondson, who has asthma, along with more than 140 other detainees at Mesa Verde, where COVID-19 has infected nearly 60 detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhabria’s release orders weigh each person’s health risk in detention against the likelihood that he or she will endanger the community or will fail to show up for immigration court proceedings if released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmondson is quarantining at a hotel in Bakersfield until Oct. 7, following the judge’s orders. He then plans to go home to Georgia, where two of his three sons live. The youngest is just 6, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel great, I feel freedom,” he said. “I want to see my kids. Missed them a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmondson said he hopes that talking about his experience of isolation at Mesa Verde will make ICE detention more humane for others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not right the way they treated me,” he said. “I think it’s very important for people to hear my story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Alton Edmondson is no longer in the custody of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, but the Jamaican construction worker can’t shake off the feeling of being locked up alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As COVID-19 sickened dozens of people at a for-profit immigration detention center in Bakersfield this summer, staffers put Edmondson in isolation for weeks, including placing him in a cell used for disciplinary segregation that detainees call “the hole,” court records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE officials said Edmondson, who repeatedly tested negative for the coronavirus, was being quarantined and housed apart from other detainees for his own protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to Edmondson, the three-week isolation he said he experienced amounted to punishing solitary confinement. Officials at the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Center locked him up for about 23 hours per day, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was depressed. I felt helpless,” said Edmondson, who has lived in this country for nearly 20 years and has three U.S.-born sons. “They served me food through a hole in the door. They made me feel like I’m a terrorist or a murderer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmondson’s experience is echoed by other ICE detainees, whose reports to advocates and in court records suggest widespread use of solitary confinement as COVID-19 proliferated in immigration detention centers around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on evidence we’ve gathered, this is the practice that they are allowing their contractors to use,” said Elizabeth Jordan, an attorney with the Civil Rights Education and Enforcement Center in Denver, who represents plaintiffs in \u003ca href=\"https://creeclaw.org/fraihat-v-immigration-and-customs-enforcement/\">Fraihat v. ICE\u003c/a>, a class-action lawsuit challenging ICE detention conditions, including the use of punitive segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really dangerous because it places a serious strain on people’s mental health,” added Jordan, who said those held in solitary confinement conditions include some immigrants who were sick with COVID-19. “It’s not what public health officials have in mind when they suggest separating people out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus has infected more than 6,300 immigrants held by ICE, including hundreds in California, according to the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE requires that immigrants kept in isolation for medical reasons must not be treated as if they are in solitary confinement, even if placed in the same cells used for disciplinary reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But detainees report being locked by themselves for more than 20 hours a day as a means of quarantine during the pandemic, advocates say, and some immigrants refuse to disclose their COVID-19 symptoms out of fear of being thrown in “the hole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Week in a Windowless Cell With No Bed\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 4, at least six men at Mesa Verde’s Dorm B were confirmed to have the coronavirus, and staffers cleared the dorm to house only positive cases. Edmondson expected guards to move him to one of three other dorms in the facility with other detainees who had tested negative. Instead, they took him to an intake cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The windowless room, used by staff to interview new detainees, was very small, with a toilet but no bed, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was horrible. I didn’t want to be there,” Edmondson said. “No fresh air. I’ve never been in a place like that for so long in my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guards brought in a TV and DVD-player for Edmondson to watch movies on. But he was forced to sleep on a mat on the floor and had no access to the commissary, which he depended on to comply with his plant-based, Rastafarian diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People must not be kept in such a hold room for more than 12 hours, according to ICE’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/detention-standards/2011/2-6.pdf\">standards\u003c/a>. But Edmondson said officials left him there for seven days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, guards confined him in a Restricted Housing Unit (known as a RHU) for two more weeks, according to ICE reports to a district court in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmondson said he only had his Bible to read. Sometimes, he stood by a small window on his cell’s metal door to watch a TV in the hall outside, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration officials did not explain why he could not live in a dorm with others who had also tested negative, according to Edmondson and his attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO Group, which owns and operates Mesa Verde, referred questions to ICE. An ICE spokesman declined to comment on Edmondson’s case.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>More ICE Detainees Isolated During Pandemic\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Since June, ICE facilities have been isolating detainees with coronavirus symptoms and placing new arrivals in quarantine for 14 days, according to the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus\">guidance on COVID-19\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But detainees are usually housed in dorms; most detention centers only have a few units where people can be isolated for disciplinary or other reasons, such as medical isolation, according to advocates and researchers who have visited ICE facilities in California and other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mesa Verde, where Edmondson was detained, has at least one medical isolation room and at least one intake cell, and three RHUs that have been generally full since August, when ICE began reporting on the facility’s COVID-19 outbreak to a district court. The facility has a maximum capacity of 400 detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11841232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 840px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS44334_IMG-20200810-WA0001_104405150868869-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11841232 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS44334_IMG-20200810-WA0001_104405150868869-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS44334_IMG-20200810-WA0001_104405150868869-1.jpg 840w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS44334_IMG-20200810-WA0001_104405150868869-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS44334_IMG-20200810-WA0001_104405150868869-1-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drone-captured footage shows detainees on a hunger strike forming a heart in the yard of Mesa Verde ICE Processing Center in April in protest over the facility’s coronavirus response. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kern Youth Abolitionists)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>ICE requires that during the pandemic, individuals quarantined in cells used for solitary confinement get regular visits from medical staff, and have access to mental health services and other benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make efforts to provide similar access to radio, TV, reading materials, personal property, and commissary as would be available in individuals’ regular housing units,” reads the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus/prr\">Pandemic Response Requirements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates say that has not been happening. As part of the Fraihat case, Jordan presented a federal court in Los Angeles with sworn declarations from two men held in solitary confinement during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 28, Oscar Perez Aguirre returned to the Aurora Contract Detention Facility in Colorado from a local hospital where he was treated for COVID-19. He said he was held for two weeks in a solitary confinement unit that was filthy and freezing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez Aguirre said he was so sick he couldn’t stand up, but he was not seen by a doctor or a mental health staffer while in isolation. A nurse did come by daily to take his temperature and blood pressure, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While I was in disciplinary segregation … I felt really down and did not have anything to do,” said Perez Aguirre, 57. “I asked for cards (to pass the time) and was told I could not have any.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruben Mencias Soto had a similar experience in May after he was treated for chest pain at a hospital and returned to California’s largest immigrant detention center in the Inland Empire city of Adelanto. A COVID-19 outbreak at the privately run facility has already infected more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus\">120 detainees\u003c/a> and is growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am locked in a cell by myself approximately 23 hours a day,” said Mencias Soto, 37. “I am very worried that I am going to have more heart issues and I will die without them noticing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the Aurora and Adelanto detention facilities are also run by The GEO Group, the Florida-based private prison firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ICE spokesman declined to comment on the court declarations by Mencias Soto or Perez Aguirre about their quarantine, citing the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement cannot comment further due to pending litigation,” said ICE spokesman Jonathan Moor in a statement. “However, lack of comment should not be construed as agreement with or stipulation to any of the litigation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advocacy group Freedom for Immigrants \u003ca href=\"https://www.freedomforimmigrants.org/covid19\">reports\u003c/a> that dozens of people detained at several ICE facilities have called the organization’s hotline saying they were afraid to disclose COVID-19 symptoms for fear of being isolated. Other callers who tested positive said they were held for 14 days in solitary confinement without appropriate medical care, according to the organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“COVID-19 has exacerbated issues that have long existed within the U.S. immigration detention system, which has had an impact on the mental health of those in custody,” said Rebekah Entralgo, a spokeswoman for the organization, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Resources like phone calls, outside recreational time, and timely meals — which are difficult to come by even under normal circumstances — are severely limited during the pandemic, which adds to the isolation of immigration detention,” Entralgo added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Suicide in Quarantine\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The United Nations has argued that prolonged solitary confinement for more than 15 days should be banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice should never be used on juveniles or people with mental disabilities because it can amount to “cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment,” Juan Méndez, the UN Special Rapporteur on torture, \u003ca href=\"https://news.un.org/en/story/2011/10/392012-solitary-confinement-should-be-banned-most-cases-un-expert-says\">warned in 2011\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stress and suffering of solitary confinement can also lead to the onset or worsening of mental illness, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strain of isolation was particularly detrimental to Choung Woong Ahn, a detainee who committed suicide at the Mesa Verde detention center in May, according to his attorney Trevor Kosmo, with Centro Legal de la Raza in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahn, a 74-year-old man from South Korea, killed himself in the shower of a medical isolation unit while in quarantine after he returned from a hospital. ICE knew Ahn had a history of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/foia/reports/ddrAHNChoungWoong.pdf\">suicide attempts\u003c/a>, Kosmo said, but failed to continuously \u003ca href=\"https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/politics/immigration/2020/08/07/family-asks-newsom-probe-choung-woohn-ahn-suicide-ice-mesa-verde/5504694002/\">monitor him\u003c/a>, as required for at-risk detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that my client, Mr. Ahn, died due to ICE’s negligence,” Kosmo said. “And because they quarantined him in solitary confinement without giving him the one-on-one observation that he was required to have under their own detention standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kosmo, who also represents Alton Edmondson, said ICE does not need to lock up people who are awaiting immigration court hearings, and the pandemic has highlighted long-standing problems with detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s completely inhumane to put people in a windowless room for 23 hours to quarantine them,” he said. “If they can’t properly quarantine them, they need to release everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahn’s family and Edmondson could both sue The GEO Group under a new California law signed last month by Gov. Gavin Newsom. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB3228\">AB 3228\u003c/a> makes it easier for individuals to bring legal charges in state court against private detention companies for failing to abide by the terms of their contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of AB 3228 say the new law provides a path to state-level accountability for violations of ICE’s standards at for-profit facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>ICE’s History With Solitary Confinement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Concerns about ICE’s use of solitary confinement predate the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent congressional \u003ca href=\"https://homeland.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Homeland%20ICE%20facility%20staff%20report.pdf\">investigation\u003c/a> found that ICE regularly contracts with facilities that are “poorly equipped” to meet the agency’s detention guidelines, and that ICE and its parent agency, the Department of Homeland Security, rarely enforce corrections of identified problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report by the House Committee on Homeland Security also found that detainees are often denied adequate medical and mental health care, and that ICE facilities “improperly use segregation as retaliation,” sometimes on detainees who have participated in hunger strikes to protest detention conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, ICE appears to prioritize obtaining bed space over the wellbeing of detainees in its custody,” concluded the committee staffers who visited eight detention centers, including two in California and interviewed more than 400 immigrants held there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ICE spokeswoman defended the agency and said it will review the committee’s report. She added that ICE’s “aggressive inspections program” includes targeted site visits and independent third-party compliance reviews, and that the agency has made improvements to detention conditions based on recommendations by the DHS Office of the Inspector General.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE “is fully committed to the health and safety of those in our care,” said Stacey Daniels, who directs public affairs at the agency. “However, it is clear this one-sided review of our facilities was done to tarnish our agency’s reputation, as opposed to actually reviewing the care detainees receive while in our custody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE refers to the practice of isolating a detainee from the general population as “segregation,” and allows it for disciplinary or other reasons, including for a vulnerable detainee’s own protection. Facility administrators are required to notify ICE field office directors when detainees are segregated for 14 days or longer, according to the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/detention-standards/2011/2-12.pdf\">standards\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘It’s a really, really punitive experience, regardless of the reason for someone’s placement into solitary confinement.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Between 2013 to 2017, ICE facilities nationwide logged more than 5,300 cases of segregation that lasted two weeks or more, according to Caitlin Patler, an assistant professor of sociology at UC Davis who analyzed the incident reports. One person was isolated for more than two years, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really, really punitive experience, regardless of the reason for someone’s placement into solitary confinement,” Patler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patler was troubled to find that people with mental illness were overrepresented in ICE segregation cases. And immigrants from Africa and the Caribbean — with majority Black populations — experienced a quarter of all the incidents, though they comprised only 4% of the detainee population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There might be some really problematic racialized practices happening within detention facilities where a situation involving a Black detained person results in solitary confinement much more frequently than we would expect based on their portion of the detained population,” said Patler, who co-authored a \u003ca href=\"https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/zdy7f/\">study\u003c/a> on the issue soon to be published in the peer-reviewed journal Punishment and Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ICE spokesman declined to comment on Patler’s findings, saying they haven’t been published yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11841227\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11841227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1294\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his ‘segregation cell’ back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Center. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>ICE is currently jailing about \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-management\">20,000 people\u003c/a> across the country, compared to about 38,000 immigrants who were in custody in late March. About half of those detained have criminal convictions, while the rest have pending criminal charges or have only violated immigration laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>From Plea Deal to Detention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Alton Edmondson had been jailed for 14 months in Nevada County, California, when he pled guilty to a serious felony conviction for assault with a firearm during a robbery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his criminal proceedings, Edmondson, who is Black, insisted that he was wrongly accused of the offense. He maintains his arrest stemmed from a racially-motivated traffic stop in a county where only about 1% of the population is Black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The criminal court had granted him bail, but he and his family could not afford to pay it, he said, and he remained behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole thing was racial profiling,” said Edmondson, who was visiting a friend in California when he was arrested. “I was innocent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrested Edmondson in Nov. 2018, sheriff’s deputies did not find a firearm in the vehicle he was in, and the charges were filed based on a dubious eyewitness identification, according to court documents submitted by San Francisco Public Defender’s Office. The office sued, along with the ACLU and other legal aid nonprofits, to force ICE to release vulnerable detainees from Mesa Verde during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmondson was told that if he lost his criminal trial, he faced up to 12 years of incarceration, but if he took the plea deal, he would be let out in four months, court records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of the racial demographics of the county, and pervasive racial bias among the likely juror pool, his attorney advised that his chances of winning at trial were slim,” according to the request for Edmond’s release from ICE detention filed by Genna Beier, a San Francisco deputy public defender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 26, as Edmondson was released from the Nevada County Jail, ICE officials arrested him and detained him at Mesa Verde.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmondson said he didn’t understand at the time that pleading guilty to the felony would lead to deportation proceedings and losing his green card, which has allowed him to lawfully work and live in the U.S. for nearly 20 years. But ICE disputes that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He signed an agreement acknowledging that he understood the nature of the crimes and allegations and the consequences of his plea,” said agency officials opposing his release, adding that Edmondson had two prior misdemeanor offenses related to marijuana possession and a DUI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Sept. 23, U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria ordered ICE to release Edmondson, who has asthma, along with more than 140 other detainees at Mesa Verde, where COVID-19 has infected nearly 60 detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhabria’s release orders weigh each person’s health risk in detention against the likelihood that he or she will endanger the community or will fail to show up for immigration court proceedings if released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmondson is quarantining at a hotel in Bakersfield until Oct. 7, following the judge’s orders. He then plans to go home to Georgia, where two of his three sons live. The youngest is just 6, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel great, I feel freedom,” he said. “I want to see my kids. Missed them a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmondson said he hopes that talking about his experience of isolation at Mesa Verde will make ICE detention more humane for others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not right the way they treated me,” he said. “I think it’s very important for people to hear my story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "wine-country-fires-yet-another-blow-to-farmworkers-reeling-from-covid-19",
"title": "Wine Country Fires Yet Another Blow to Farmworkers Reeling From COVID-19",
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"headTitle": "Wine Country Fires Yet Another Blow to Farmworkers Reeling From COVID-19 | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840531/as-winds-pick-up-firefighters-brace-for-tough-24-hours-ahead-in-glass-fire-battle\">Glass Fire\u003c/a> tore through Sonoma and Napa counties uncontained on Tuesday, Guillermo Herrera and five co-workers hauled equipment onto trucks, preparing to pick a batch of grapes from a nearby vineyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the harvest season in wine country. But Herrera, who manages a crew of up to 100 field workers, said jobs like this are scarce, as this season’s wildfires have drastically cut available work in the vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since heavy smoke exposure can ruin grapes, many growers are leaving potentially smoke-tainted fruit on the vine. That means harvesters are out of work, Herrera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m getting calls left and right, day in, day out, of folks looking to work,” said Herrera, who also runs his own wine company, Herencia del Valle. “Five or six of my clients aren’t going to pick any of their fruit this year. Zero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Glass Fire is the latest in a series of blows to the area’s farmworkers and other low-wage immigrant workers, who were already struggling with income losses and health impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ezequiel Guzman, president of Latinos Unidos del Condado de Sonoma\"]‘People need to understand the hidden devastation these fires have brought on farmworkers economically. How are they going to pay rent? How are they going to feed their families?’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants who are undocumented — including an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11817261/poll-most-california-voters-support-farmworker-protections-during-the-pandemic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">56%\u003c/a> of farmworkers statewide — are not eligible for unemployment insurance, coronavirus relief or other government aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even though their labor is critical to the local economy, many immigrant workers lack a safety net or savings to weather this series of crises, said Gabriel Machabanski, associate director at the Graton Day Labor Center in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the compounding impact of fires on top of a pandemic,” Machabanski said. “Day laborers, domestic workers, farmworkers have seen a significant decrease in the amount of employment opportunities they have… their livelihood is precarious from one week to the next.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11840622\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1620px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11840622\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-20.jpg\" alt=\"Workers harvest grapes at Garton Vineyards in Napa on Sept. 30, 2020.\" width=\"1620\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-20.jpg 1620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-20-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-20-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-20-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-20-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1620px) 100vw, 1620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers harvest grapes at Garton Vineyards in Napa on Sept. 30, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Agricultural workers in particular depend on what they earn during the two-month harvest to survive through the winter, until jobs in the fields pick up again, said Ezequiel Guzman, president of the nonprofit Latinos Unidos del Condado de Sonoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said this week about 350 families in the agricultural town of Cloverdale came to get bags of flour, rice, beans and other staples at an event put on by the Redwood Empire Food Bank, triple the number than in past weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People need to understand the hidden devastation these fires have brought on farmworkers economically,” said Guzman, a longtime advocate for agricultural workers. “How are they going to pay rent? How are they going to feed their families?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who are able to land jobs rescuing grapes that have not yet been damaged by smoke or fire, put their health and safety at risk — from both smoke and COVID-19 — because they need to make a living, said Gervacio Peña Lopez, director of Movimiento Cultural de la Unión Indígena, which supports indigenous immigrants from Mexico, many of them undocumented farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They take the risk because it’s like they have no other choice,” said Peña Lopez, in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11840613\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1620px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11840613\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-23.jpg\" alt=\"Grapes wither on the vine as smoke from the Glass Fire fills the sky at a vineyard near Calistoga on Sept. 30.\" width=\"1620\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-23.jpg 1620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-23-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-23-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-23-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-23-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1620px) 100vw, 1620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grapes wither on the vine as smoke from the Glass Fire fills the sky at a vineyard near Calistoga on Sept. 30. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday afternoon, Peña Lopez drove to KBBF, a radio station in Santa Rosa, to co-host a show with the latest fire information and emergency resources for local families who speak Triqui, Mixteco and Chatino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We try to inform them how to protect themselves, and that they need to make sure to wear a mask,” he added. “But sometimes, that may not be enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peña Lopez said since the pandemic began, many farmworkers have contracted COVID-19 while commuting to work in crowded vehicles, or living in overcrowded housing, which many do because of the high cost of rent in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Gervacio Peña Lopez, director of Movimiento Cultural de la Unión Indígena\"]‘They take the risk because it’s like they have no other choice.’[/pullquote]But people may be afraid of getting tested for the coronavirus, because a positive result would mean spending two weeks in quarantine and without work, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID-19 infected many of the employees at Encanto Vineyards in St. Helena, said Enrique Lopez, owner of the winery. Then his family also became ill in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody got COVID,” he said. “My wife, my little one — she was nine months — my mother-in-law who is here visiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11840629\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1620px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11840629\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Enrique-Lopez-Winery-COVID-Glass-Fire.jpg\" alt=\"Enrique Lopez, of Servin-Lopez Vineyard Management, at Garton Vineyards in Napa on Sept. 30.\" width=\"1620\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Enrique-Lopez-Winery-COVID-Glass-Fire.jpg 1620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Enrique-Lopez-Winery-COVID-Glass-Fire-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Enrique-Lopez-Winery-COVID-Glass-Fire-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Enrique-Lopez-Winery-COVID-Glass-Fire-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Enrique-Lopez-Winery-COVID-Glass-Fire-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1620px) 100vw, 1620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Enrique Lopez, of Servin-Lopez Vineyard Management, at Garton Vineyards in Napa on Sept. 30. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many low-wage workers in the hospitality and agriculture industries who have seen their income drop during the pandemic are now facing further economic losses — as well as evacuations — due to the fires, said Susana Garcia, with the social equity nonprofit On The Move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just very unfortunate to see pretty much the same families getting hit after hit after hit, and to be impacted in this way,” said Garcia, who directs \u003ca href=\"https://www.onthemovebayarea.org/ncrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a program\u003c/a> that has channeled private donations to hundreds of undocumented residents in Napa since the pandemic began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates Peña Lopez, Guzman and Machabanski worry that a population already vulnerable to the respiratory damage of COVID-19, could face another risk from harmful smoke near fires. They all said some farmworkers have reported that their employers have not given them adequate protective equipment for outdoor work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/Worker-Health-and-Safety-in-Wildfire-Regions.html/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">regulations\u003c/a>, if the \u003ca href=\"http://www.airnow.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Air Quality Index\u003c/a> is 151 or higher, employers must provide workers laboring outdoors free respirators, such as an N95 mask, and training on how to use them properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Smith, Sonoma County’s agriculture commissioner said he was not aware of any violation of the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this is happening, that’s not good,” Smith said. “But to my knowledge, there is not a documented case of this happening in Sonoma County. At this point, they are allegations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11840645\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1620px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11840645\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Glass-Fire-Smoke-Vineyard.jpg\" alt=\"The Glass Fire burns behind a vineyard on Highway 29 north of Calistoga on Sept. 30.\" width=\"1620\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Glass-Fire-Smoke-Vineyard.jpg 1620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Glass-Fire-Smoke-Vineyard-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Glass-Fire-Smoke-Vineyard-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Glass-Fire-Smoke-Vineyard-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Glass-Fire-Smoke-Vineyard-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1620px) 100vw, 1620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Glass Fire burns behind a vineyard on Highway 29 north of Calistoga on Sept. 30. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The California Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) is in charge of investigating complaints of violations, and individuals \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/complaint.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">may report\u003c/a> those to the agency, which does not ask about immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Walbridge Fire last month, Smith said his office has helped hundreds of wineries, livestock operators, nurseries and other agricultural businesses to get verified as such, so they can request permission from law enforcement to enter evacuation areas to take care of essential functions such as harvesting grapes or feeding cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they can’t get the work done, they can’t pay their employees, take crops to the market and their business may not survive,” he said. “Farming and agriculture doesn’t stop because there is a declared emergency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said the Agriculture Commissioner’s office issued about 300 “access verifications” during the Walbridge Fire, and has received about 30 additional requests during the Glass Fire so far. His office has a supply of N95 masks available to distribute to workers through community based organizations and businesses, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources for Immigrant Workers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These organizations offer cash assistance to undocumented immigrants in wine country:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://undocufund.org/\">UndocuFund for Disaster Relief in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upvalleyfamilycenters.org/\">UpValley Relief Fund (includes Napa and Lake counties)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.onthemovebayarea.org/ncrc\">Down Valley Relief Fund (Napa County)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Find a full list of organizations providing assistance in Northern California \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantfundca.org/northern-california\">here\u003c/a> via the California Immigrant Resilience Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find COVID-19-related resources from the state of California for immigrants in Spanish, Vietnamese and other languages \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/guide-immigrant-californians/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sam Harnett contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840531/as-winds-pick-up-firefighters-brace-for-tough-24-hours-ahead-in-glass-fire-battle\">Glass Fire\u003c/a> tore through Sonoma and Napa counties uncontained on Tuesday, Guillermo Herrera and five co-workers hauled equipment onto trucks, preparing to pick a batch of grapes from a nearby vineyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the harvest season in wine country. But Herrera, who manages a crew of up to 100 field workers, said jobs like this are scarce, as this season’s wildfires have drastically cut available work in the vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since heavy smoke exposure can ruin grapes, many growers are leaving potentially smoke-tainted fruit on the vine. That means harvesters are out of work, Herrera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m getting calls left and right, day in, day out, of folks looking to work,” said Herrera, who also runs his own wine company, Herencia del Valle. “Five or six of my clients aren’t going to pick any of their fruit this year. Zero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Glass Fire is the latest in a series of blows to the area’s farmworkers and other low-wage immigrant workers, who were already struggling with income losses and health impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants who are undocumented — including an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11817261/poll-most-california-voters-support-farmworker-protections-during-the-pandemic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">56%\u003c/a> of farmworkers statewide — are not eligible for unemployment insurance, coronavirus relief or other government aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even though their labor is critical to the local economy, many immigrant workers lack a safety net or savings to weather this series of crises, said Gabriel Machabanski, associate director at the Graton Day Labor Center in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the compounding impact of fires on top of a pandemic,” Machabanski said. “Day laborers, domestic workers, farmworkers have seen a significant decrease in the amount of employment opportunities they have… their livelihood is precarious from one week to the next.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11840622\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1620px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11840622\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-20.jpg\" alt=\"Workers harvest grapes at Garton Vineyards in Napa on Sept. 30, 2020.\" width=\"1620\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-20.jpg 1620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-20-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-20-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-20-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-20-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1620px) 100vw, 1620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers harvest grapes at Garton Vineyards in Napa on Sept. 30, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Agricultural workers in particular depend on what they earn during the two-month harvest to survive through the winter, until jobs in the fields pick up again, said Ezequiel Guzman, president of the nonprofit Latinos Unidos del Condado de Sonoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said this week about 350 families in the agricultural town of Cloverdale came to get bags of flour, rice, beans and other staples at an event put on by the Redwood Empire Food Bank, triple the number than in past weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People need to understand the hidden devastation these fires have brought on farmworkers economically,” said Guzman, a longtime advocate for agricultural workers. “How are they going to pay rent? How are they going to feed their families?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who are able to land jobs rescuing grapes that have not yet been damaged by smoke or fire, put their health and safety at risk — from both smoke and COVID-19 — because they need to make a living, said Gervacio Peña Lopez, director of Movimiento Cultural de la Unión Indígena, which supports indigenous immigrants from Mexico, many of them undocumented farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They take the risk because it’s like they have no other choice,” said Peña Lopez, in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11840613\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1620px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11840613\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-23.jpg\" alt=\"Grapes wither on the vine as smoke from the Glass Fire fills the sky at a vineyard near Calistoga on Sept. 30.\" width=\"1620\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-23.jpg 1620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-23-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-23-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-23-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Image-from-iOS-23-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1620px) 100vw, 1620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grapes wither on the vine as smoke from the Glass Fire fills the sky at a vineyard near Calistoga on Sept. 30. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday afternoon, Peña Lopez drove to KBBF, a radio station in Santa Rosa, to co-host a show with the latest fire information and emergency resources for local families who speak Triqui, Mixteco and Chatino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We try to inform them how to protect themselves, and that they need to make sure to wear a mask,” he added. “But sometimes, that may not be enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peña Lopez said since the pandemic began, many farmworkers have contracted COVID-19 while commuting to work in crowded vehicles, or living in overcrowded housing, which many do because of the high cost of rent in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But people may be afraid of getting tested for the coronavirus, because a positive result would mean spending two weeks in quarantine and without work, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID-19 infected many of the employees at Encanto Vineyards in St. Helena, said Enrique Lopez, owner of the winery. Then his family also became ill in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody got COVID,” he said. “My wife, my little one — she was nine months — my mother-in-law who is here visiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11840629\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1620px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11840629\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Enrique-Lopez-Winery-COVID-Glass-Fire.jpg\" alt=\"Enrique Lopez, of Servin-Lopez Vineyard Management, at Garton Vineyards in Napa on Sept. 30.\" width=\"1620\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Enrique-Lopez-Winery-COVID-Glass-Fire.jpg 1620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Enrique-Lopez-Winery-COVID-Glass-Fire-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Enrique-Lopez-Winery-COVID-Glass-Fire-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Enrique-Lopez-Winery-COVID-Glass-Fire-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Enrique-Lopez-Winery-COVID-Glass-Fire-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1620px) 100vw, 1620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Enrique Lopez, of Servin-Lopez Vineyard Management, at Garton Vineyards in Napa on Sept. 30. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many low-wage workers in the hospitality and agriculture industries who have seen their income drop during the pandemic are now facing further economic losses — as well as evacuations — due to the fires, said Susana Garcia, with the social equity nonprofit On The Move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just very unfortunate to see pretty much the same families getting hit after hit after hit, and to be impacted in this way,” said Garcia, who directs \u003ca href=\"https://www.onthemovebayarea.org/ncrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a program\u003c/a> that has channeled private donations to hundreds of undocumented residents in Napa since the pandemic began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates Peña Lopez, Guzman and Machabanski worry that a population already vulnerable to the respiratory damage of COVID-19, could face another risk from harmful smoke near fires. They all said some farmworkers have reported that their employers have not given them adequate protective equipment for outdoor work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/Worker-Health-and-Safety-in-Wildfire-Regions.html/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">regulations\u003c/a>, if the \u003ca href=\"http://www.airnow.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Air Quality Index\u003c/a> is 151 or higher, employers must provide workers laboring outdoors free respirators, such as an N95 mask, and training on how to use them properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Smith, Sonoma County’s agriculture commissioner said he was not aware of any violation of the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this is happening, that’s not good,” Smith said. “But to my knowledge, there is not a documented case of this happening in Sonoma County. At this point, they are allegations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11840645\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1620px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11840645\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Glass-Fire-Smoke-Vineyard.jpg\" alt=\"The Glass Fire burns behind a vineyard on Highway 29 north of Calistoga on Sept. 30.\" width=\"1620\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Glass-Fire-Smoke-Vineyard.jpg 1620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Glass-Fire-Smoke-Vineyard-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Glass-Fire-Smoke-Vineyard-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Glass-Fire-Smoke-Vineyard-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Glass-Fire-Smoke-Vineyard-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1620px) 100vw, 1620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Glass Fire burns behind a vineyard on Highway 29 north of Calistoga on Sept. 30. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The California Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) is in charge of investigating complaints of violations, and individuals \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/complaint.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">may report\u003c/a> those to the agency, which does not ask about immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Walbridge Fire last month, Smith said his office has helped hundreds of wineries, livestock operators, nurseries and other agricultural businesses to get verified as such, so they can request permission from law enforcement to enter evacuation areas to take care of essential functions such as harvesting grapes or feeding cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they can’t get the work done, they can’t pay their employees, take crops to the market and their business may not survive,” he said. “Farming and agriculture doesn’t stop because there is a declared emergency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said the Agriculture Commissioner’s office issued about 300 “access verifications” during the Walbridge Fire, and has received about 30 additional requests during the Glass Fire so far. His office has a supply of N95 masks available to distribute to workers through community based organizations and businesses, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources for Immigrant Workers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These organizations offer cash assistance to undocumented immigrants in wine country:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://undocufund.org/\">UndocuFund for Disaster Relief in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upvalleyfamilycenters.org/\">UpValley Relief Fund (includes Napa and Lake counties)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.onthemovebayarea.org/ncrc\">Down Valley Relief Fund (Napa County)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Find a full list of organizations providing assistance in Northern California \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantfundca.org/northern-california\">here\u003c/a> via the California Immigrant Resilience Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find COVID-19-related resources from the state of California for immigrants in Spanish, Vietnamese and other languages \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/guide-immigrant-californians/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sam Harnett contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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