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"disqusTitle": "Despite Findings of 'Negligent' Care, ICE to Expand Troubled California Detention Center",
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"content": "\u003cp>When a government expert in mental health visited one of the largest immigration detention centers in the U.S. in 2017, she knew the conditions that detainees there sometimes face. A past inspection had found that staff often failed to obtain adequate mental health histories, leading to faulty diagnoses and, in some cases, treatment plans that were incorrect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Report from Department of Homeland Security's Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties\"]'Detainees suffer retaliation, verbal harassment and [are] treated with disrespect.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon arrival at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement processing center in Adelanto, California, a similar pattern emerged. One detainee she observed had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. When she asked an officer about him, she was told that the man \"floods his cell, bangs his head.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She searched the man's medical chart for records from his recent stay at an inpatient psychiatric unit, but they appeared to be missing. He had been placed in what the government refers to as \"segregation,\" a term known more commonly as solitary confinement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, the expert found, he was suffering from \"active auditory hallucinations.\" Moreover, they appeared to worsening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to be alone,\" he told the expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainee's case is detailed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously confidential report\u003c/a> on the Adelanto facility obtained by NPR. Despite the report's findings — and repeated, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/02/653802676/dhs-watchdog-trump-administration-wasnt-ready-for-family-separation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scathing criticism\u003c/a> of the facility from the federal government's own internal watchdogs — ICE decided at the end of 2019 to \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renew \u003c/a>and expand a contract to keep the Adelanto facility open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report dates to late 2017, but attorneys and advocates say the problems identified in the report have persisted. ICE declined to respond to specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many other detention centers, the Adelanto facility is operated by a for-profit company — in this case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.geogroup.com/FacilityDetail/FacilityID/24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the GEO Group\u003c/a>. The U.S. government is GEO's single biggest customer, and the company has made nearly $1 billion in federal contracts over the past 12 months, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usaspending.gov/#/recipient/b5424b33-e5dd-0b6e-cce2-fc25f764206d-P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">government data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's business has been threatened by a new California law that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largely bans\u003c/a> for-profit companies from operating prisons and immigration detention facilities in the state. Findings of inadequate care and treatment of detainees at the Adelanto facility and others were a driving force behind that law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by signing the new 15-year contract before the law could take effect, GEO and the Trump administration effectively circumvented the state of California until 2034. (GEO has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sued \u003c/a>the state in federal court, arguing that the California law is unconstitutional.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates and attorneys for immigrants say the new contract — which also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html#document/p18/a541728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expands \u003c/a>the Adelanto facility by more than 700 detention beds — demonstrates how ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/01/690690056/ice-failed-to-hold-detention-center-contractors-accountable-report-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fails to hold contractors accountable \u003c/a>for major problems in immigration detention centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their concerns are echoed in the report obtained by NPR from the Department of Homeland Security's \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/office-civil-rights-and-civil-liberties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties\u003c/a>, an internal oversight office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the report's findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The facility failed to meet ICE's own standards for using solitary confinement. One detainee, for instance, cumulatively spent nearly 2 1/2 years in solitary.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Staff used pepper spray on immigrants held in detention but did not follow best practices when it came time to remove the spray from detainees — in some cases their efforts intensified the painful \"burning effect.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>It was \"more likely than not\" that problems with medical care \"contributed to medical injuries, including bone deformities and detainee deaths.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>And government experts were so alarmed that they recommended \"immediately\" transferring \"at-risk\" detainees to another facility to protect their health and safety.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The expert DHS inspectors found that, in several cases, ICE and GEO had been either unwilling or unable to fix problems despite repeated warnings over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's findings provide a window into the types of challenges presented by the Trump administration's push to detain more immigrants who are awaiting asylum hearings or deportation proceedings. Under the president's hard-line immigration policies, the number of immigrants in detention has grown to all-time highs, with private companies like GEO playing a central role in that system. While defenders say the crackdown is needed to help stem what they call a crisis on the southern border, immigration advocates say the growing reliance on detention has stretched an already troubled system to the breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'These Reports Never See the Light of Day'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>NPR has sought records regarding the facility for more than a year and obtained this report under the Freedom of Information Act. Sources familiar with the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties say such reports almost always remain confidential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Normally, these reports never see the light of day,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/about/people/nick-schwellenbach/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nick Schwellenbach\u003c/a>, a senior investigator with the nonprofit watchdog group Project on Government Oversight, or POGO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September 2019, POGO \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/09/confidential-report-warned-ice-of-inhumane-use-of-solitary-confinement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released a version\u003c/a> of the report after filing a public records lawsuit. But the government had more heavily redacted critical findings and recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of confounding why they withheld some of this information [from us],\" says Schwellenbach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for GEO said the company would \"defer to ICE\" on any response to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori K. Haley, a spokesperson for ICE, also declined to comment on specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Haley wrote, \"The safety, rights and health of detainees in ICE's care are of paramount concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she noted, the agency \"either did not concur or only partially concurred with roughly half their recommendations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haley declined to say which recommendations ICE agreed with and why, or what actions the agency took in response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers, who regularly visit the facility and represent detainees there, say they have seen little evidence that ICE or GEO has followed through on the recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have reason to believe that many of these reports are being taken as seriously as they should by the facility or by ICE,\" says Pilar Gonzalez of the nonprofit Disability Rights California, which advocates for detainees at the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Jordan, an attorney with the Civil Rights Education and Enforcement Center, says the issues identified in the report have persisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ICE does not demand any sort of accountability from the contractors or force any changes or improvements,\" says Jordan, who is representing current and former Adelanto detainees in a \u003ca href=\"https://creeclaw.org/fraihat-v-immigration-and-customs-enforcement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead, they get rewarded to keep on keeping on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'No Correction Was Made'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Adelanto ICE Processing Center holds nearly 2,000 adult detainees, most of whom have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike prison, immigration detention is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6609612-Adelanto-Detainee-Handbook.html#document/p36/a543360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not meant as punishment\u003c/a>. The government holds people in detention while deciding their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2017, the authors of the report — three DHS experts in health care, corrections and mental health — traveled to Adelanto, California, to inspect the ICE detention facility after a series of complaints. The names of the experts are redacted in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three experts found major problems, but the most serious findings in the documents obtained by NPR come from the report on health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the medical care at the Adelanto facility is inadequate\" and does not meet federal standards, the report found, citing \"incompetent clinical medical leadership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"adelanto\"]The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties had previously visited the facility in 2015 under the Obama administration and detailed \"negligent\" medical care at that time. But rather than seeing improvements in 2017, the experts found that medical care had gotten worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No correction was made,\" the report states, noting that the number of complaints around detainee medical care had actually increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical expert cites multiple examples of poor medical care, including long delays in appointments for broken bones and a failure to provide needed antibiotics and other medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least one case, a detainee's death was \"likely related\" to failures by the facility's medical staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the expert recommended a drastic measure:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At-risk detainees must be immediately removed from the facility (transferred to another facility with a well-functioning medical program).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the problems at the facility, the expert defined \"at-risk\" as any detainee with a chronic medical problem like diabetes, as well as any detainee over 55 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that there's no indication that ICE or GEO actually followed this recommendation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to say whether it made changes to its medical staff in the wake of the report or transferred detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Allegations of 'Verbal Harassment' and 'Retaliation'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The allegations against the Adelanto facility went beyond medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Detainees suffer retaliation, verbal harassment and [are] treated with disrespect,\" the report found. Leadership \"must hold facility staff accountable for substantiated abusive and disrespectful treatment of the detainees,\" the report went on, noting that this problem had not been addressed after previous inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another instance, detainees alleged even harsher measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2017, a group of asylum-seekers from Central America went on hunger strike to protest conditions at the facility. When the group locked arms and refused to move, staff used pepper spray and physically removed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The corrections expert found that the use of pepper spray was \"appropriate given the circumstances.\" But the expert saw a significant problem with the staff's subsequent actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mace.com/blogs/pepper-spray-tips/how-to-get-pepper-spray-out-of-your-eyes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold water\u003c/a> is recommended to safely decontaminate pepper spray. But, the corrections expert found, \"The facility does not have any access to cold water. The facility only provides a mix of cold and hot water through a shower head.\" The expert warned that \"warm water will exacerbate the burning effect of the OC pepper spray.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the group of hunger strikers was placed in showers, they described \"writhing\" in pain as the water reactivated the spray. One detainee, Marvin Josue Grande Rodriguez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584113-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-3.html#document/p315/a543317\">said\u003c/a> that he fainted in the shower, because \"the gas and the heat of the water ... It was far too much for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says the use of a hot shower was a \"significant issue\" and concluded that the facility \"must provide access to a cold-water shower\" in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a lawsuit filed by the group of hunger strikers, lawyers for GEO \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584122-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-1.html#document/p32/a541096\">said \u003c/a>that water \"does reactivate the tingling sensation\" from pepper spray but that it was \"necessary to remove the spray\" and was not intended to cause pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because ICE and GEO declined to answer specific questions, it's unclear if they followed the recommendation on cold-water showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that they were unsure whether any changes had been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it is clear that the facility staff continue to use pepper spray. ICE statistics show that pepper spray has been used more than 25 times since the 2017 inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An 'Inhumane' Use of Solitary Confinement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the government's experts found that the Adelanto facility was failing to meet federal standards for solitary confinement — known in ICE's bureaucratic language as \"segregation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the report found that GEO Group staff had \"no current strategy\" when it came to long-term use of solitary confinement and that people were suffering as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one case, inspectors found, a detainee was held in a \"Special Management Unit,\" or SMU, for 426 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No detainee should be held in the SMU for this amount of time,\" the report states. \"Isolation alone can create physical safety concerns and can result in mental decompensation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The expert inspectors were especially critical of the use of solitary confinement for immigrants with serious mental disorders. They found that about a third of the detainees held in solitary had a \"serious mental illness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of multiple stays, one detainee logged 904 days — or nearly 2 1/2 years — in solitary confinement, which the report calls \"shockingly high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts found that some detainees with serious mental illness were put in solitary confinement simply because it was the only available space where they could be closely watched. The report called that practice \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p32/a542928\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">inhumane\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If strategies are not developed,\" the report warned, \"the mental health and other long-term detainee cases will continue to decompensate, and the population of the SMU will continue to grow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to NPR, an ICE spokesperson wrote that the agency \"is compliant\" with agency standards on the use of solitary confinement, citing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/detention-reform/pdf/segregation_directive.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directive \u003c/a>from 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, critics of ICE say that is not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have these experts ... essentially screaming from the rooftops, 'You need to fix this problem!' \" says Schwellenbach of POGO, which has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/08/isolated-ice-confines-some-detainees-with-mental-illness-in-solitary-for-months/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigated \u003c/a>the use of solitary confinement in ICE detention. \"There's solutions that they're actually putting forward, but they're being ignored.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ongoing Oversight of Immigration Detention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state of California has repeatedly clashed with the Trump administration over immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of California Sen. Kamala Harris, a former Democratic presidential candidate and former state attorney general, reviewed the documents obtained by NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unconscionable to subject detained persons to inhumane conditions,\" Harris's office said in a statement, \"including issues arising from insufficient medical care as well as prolonged isolation and detention at immigrant detention facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criticism of conditions at the Adelanto ICE Processing Center by Harris and others was one factor that led to the recent California \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-prisons/california-bans-private-prisons-and-immigration-detention-centers-idUSKBN1WQ2Q9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">law\u003c/a>, largely banning the use of private contractors in prison and immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"State laws aimed at obstructing federal law enforcement are inappropriate and harmful,\" ICE's Haley wrote to NPR. \"Policy makers who strive to make it more difficult to remove dangerous criminal aliens and aim to stop the cooperation of local officials and business partners, harm the very communities whose welfare they have sworn to protect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their lawsuit against the state, GEO argues that the law is a \"transparent attempt by the State to shut down the Federal Government's detention efforts within California's borders\" and \"a direct assault on the supremacy of federal law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay Democratic Assemblyman Rob Bonta, who championed the law, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RobBontaCA/status/1212030778525138945\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted \u003c/a>that the lawsuit was, \"Exactly what you'd expect fr[om] a collapsing industry in its final death throes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the full internal report \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Despite+Findings+Of+%27Negligent%27+Care%2C+ICE+To+Expand+Troubled+Calif.+Detention+Center&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A previously confidential report obtained by NPR found major failings at the Adelanto ICE Processing Center, one of the nation's largest immigration detention centers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When a government expert in mental health visited one of the largest immigration detention centers in the U.S. in 2017, she knew the conditions that detainees there sometimes face. A past inspection had found that staff often failed to obtain adequate mental health histories, leading to faulty diagnoses and, in some cases, treatment plans that were incorrect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon arrival at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement processing center in Adelanto, California, a similar pattern emerged. One detainee she observed had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. When she asked an officer about him, she was told that the man \"floods his cell, bangs his head.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She searched the man's medical chart for records from his recent stay at an inpatient psychiatric unit, but they appeared to be missing. He had been placed in what the government refers to as \"segregation,\" a term known more commonly as solitary confinement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, the expert found, he was suffering from \"active auditory hallucinations.\" Moreover, they appeared to worsening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to be alone,\" he told the expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainee's case is detailed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously confidential report\u003c/a> on the Adelanto facility obtained by NPR. Despite the report's findings — and repeated, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/02/653802676/dhs-watchdog-trump-administration-wasnt-ready-for-family-separation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scathing criticism\u003c/a> of the facility from the federal government's own internal watchdogs — ICE decided at the end of 2019 to \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renew \u003c/a>and expand a contract to keep the Adelanto facility open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report dates to late 2017, but attorneys and advocates say the problems identified in the report have persisted. ICE declined to respond to specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many other detention centers, the Adelanto facility is operated by a for-profit company — in this case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.geogroup.com/FacilityDetail/FacilityID/24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the GEO Group\u003c/a>. The U.S. government is GEO's single biggest customer, and the company has made nearly $1 billion in federal contracts over the past 12 months, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usaspending.gov/#/recipient/b5424b33-e5dd-0b6e-cce2-fc25f764206d-P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">government data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's business has been threatened by a new California law that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largely bans\u003c/a> for-profit companies from operating prisons and immigration detention facilities in the state. Findings of inadequate care and treatment of detainees at the Adelanto facility and others were a driving force behind that law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by signing the new 15-year contract before the law could take effect, GEO and the Trump administration effectively circumvented the state of California until 2034. (GEO has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sued \u003c/a>the state in federal court, arguing that the California law is unconstitutional.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates and attorneys for immigrants say the new contract — which also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html#document/p18/a541728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expands \u003c/a>the Adelanto facility by more than 700 detention beds — demonstrates how ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/01/690690056/ice-failed-to-hold-detention-center-contractors-accountable-report-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fails to hold contractors accountable \u003c/a>for major problems in immigration detention centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their concerns are echoed in the report obtained by NPR from the Department of Homeland Security's \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/office-civil-rights-and-civil-liberties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties\u003c/a>, an internal oversight office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the report's findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The facility failed to meet ICE's own standards for using solitary confinement. One detainee, for instance, cumulatively spent nearly 2 1/2 years in solitary.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Staff used pepper spray on immigrants held in detention but did not follow best practices when it came time to remove the spray from detainees — in some cases their efforts intensified the painful \"burning effect.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>It was \"more likely than not\" that problems with medical care \"contributed to medical injuries, including bone deformities and detainee deaths.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>And government experts were so alarmed that they recommended \"immediately\" transferring \"at-risk\" detainees to another facility to protect their health and safety.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The expert DHS inspectors found that, in several cases, ICE and GEO had been either unwilling or unable to fix problems despite repeated warnings over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's findings provide a window into the types of challenges presented by the Trump administration's push to detain more immigrants who are awaiting asylum hearings or deportation proceedings. Under the president's hard-line immigration policies, the number of immigrants in detention has grown to all-time highs, with private companies like GEO playing a central role in that system. While defenders say the crackdown is needed to help stem what they call a crisis on the southern border, immigration advocates say the growing reliance on detention has stretched an already troubled system to the breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'These Reports Never See the Light of Day'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>NPR has sought records regarding the facility for more than a year and obtained this report under the Freedom of Information Act. Sources familiar with the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties say such reports almost always remain confidential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Normally, these reports never see the light of day,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/about/people/nick-schwellenbach/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nick Schwellenbach\u003c/a>, a senior investigator with the nonprofit watchdog group Project on Government Oversight, or POGO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September 2019, POGO \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/09/confidential-report-warned-ice-of-inhumane-use-of-solitary-confinement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released a version\u003c/a> of the report after filing a public records lawsuit. But the government had more heavily redacted critical findings and recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of confounding why they withheld some of this information [from us],\" says Schwellenbach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for GEO said the company would \"defer to ICE\" on any response to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori K. Haley, a spokesperson for ICE, also declined to comment on specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Haley wrote, \"The safety, rights and health of detainees in ICE's care are of paramount concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she noted, the agency \"either did not concur or only partially concurred with roughly half their recommendations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haley declined to say which recommendations ICE agreed with and why, or what actions the agency took in response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers, who regularly visit the facility and represent detainees there, say they have seen little evidence that ICE or GEO has followed through on the recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have reason to believe that many of these reports are being taken as seriously as they should by the facility or by ICE,\" says Pilar Gonzalez of the nonprofit Disability Rights California, which advocates for detainees at the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Jordan, an attorney with the Civil Rights Education and Enforcement Center, says the issues identified in the report have persisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ICE does not demand any sort of accountability from the contractors or force any changes or improvements,\" says Jordan, who is representing current and former Adelanto detainees in a \u003ca href=\"https://creeclaw.org/fraihat-v-immigration-and-customs-enforcement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead, they get rewarded to keep on keeping on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'No Correction Was Made'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Adelanto ICE Processing Center holds nearly 2,000 adult detainees, most of whom have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike prison, immigration detention is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6609612-Adelanto-Detainee-Handbook.html#document/p36/a543360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not meant as punishment\u003c/a>. The government holds people in detention while deciding their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2017, the authors of the report — three DHS experts in health care, corrections and mental health — traveled to Adelanto, California, to inspect the ICE detention facility after a series of complaints. The names of the experts are redacted in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three experts found major problems, but the most serious findings in the documents obtained by NPR come from the report on health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the medical care at the Adelanto facility is inadequate\" and does not meet federal standards, the report found, citing \"incompetent clinical medical leadership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties had previously visited the facility in 2015 under the Obama administration and detailed \"negligent\" medical care at that time. But rather than seeing improvements in 2017, the experts found that medical care had gotten worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No correction was made,\" the report states, noting that the number of complaints around detainee medical care had actually increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical expert cites multiple examples of poor medical care, including long delays in appointments for broken bones and a failure to provide needed antibiotics and other medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least one case, a detainee's death was \"likely related\" to failures by the facility's medical staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the expert recommended a drastic measure:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At-risk detainees must be immediately removed from the facility (transferred to another facility with a well-functioning medical program).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the problems at the facility, the expert defined \"at-risk\" as any detainee with a chronic medical problem like diabetes, as well as any detainee over 55 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that there's no indication that ICE or GEO actually followed this recommendation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to say whether it made changes to its medical staff in the wake of the report or transferred detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Allegations of 'Verbal Harassment' and 'Retaliation'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The allegations against the Adelanto facility went beyond medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Detainees suffer retaliation, verbal harassment and [are] treated with disrespect,\" the report found. Leadership \"must hold facility staff accountable for substantiated abusive and disrespectful treatment of the detainees,\" the report went on, noting that this problem had not been addressed after previous inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another instance, detainees alleged even harsher measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2017, a group of asylum-seekers from Central America went on hunger strike to protest conditions at the facility. When the group locked arms and refused to move, staff used pepper spray and physically removed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The corrections expert found that the use of pepper spray was \"appropriate given the circumstances.\" But the expert saw a significant problem with the staff's subsequent actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mace.com/blogs/pepper-spray-tips/how-to-get-pepper-spray-out-of-your-eyes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold water\u003c/a> is recommended to safely decontaminate pepper spray. But, the corrections expert found, \"The facility does not have any access to cold water. The facility only provides a mix of cold and hot water through a shower head.\" The expert warned that \"warm water will exacerbate the burning effect of the OC pepper spray.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the group of hunger strikers was placed in showers, they described \"writhing\" in pain as the water reactivated the spray. One detainee, Marvin Josue Grande Rodriguez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584113-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-3.html#document/p315/a543317\">said\u003c/a> that he fainted in the shower, because \"the gas and the heat of the water ... It was far too much for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says the use of a hot shower was a \"significant issue\" and concluded that the facility \"must provide access to a cold-water shower\" in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a lawsuit filed by the group of hunger strikers, lawyers for GEO \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584122-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-1.html#document/p32/a541096\">said \u003c/a>that water \"does reactivate the tingling sensation\" from pepper spray but that it was \"necessary to remove the spray\" and was not intended to cause pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because ICE and GEO declined to answer specific questions, it's unclear if they followed the recommendation on cold-water showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that they were unsure whether any changes had been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it is clear that the facility staff continue to use pepper spray. ICE statistics show that pepper spray has been used more than 25 times since the 2017 inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An 'Inhumane' Use of Solitary Confinement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the government's experts found that the Adelanto facility was failing to meet federal standards for solitary confinement — known in ICE's bureaucratic language as \"segregation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the report found that GEO Group staff had \"no current strategy\" when it came to long-term use of solitary confinement and that people were suffering as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one case, inspectors found, a detainee was held in a \"Special Management Unit,\" or SMU, for 426 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No detainee should be held in the SMU for this amount of time,\" the report states. \"Isolation alone can create physical safety concerns and can result in mental decompensation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The expert inspectors were especially critical of the use of solitary confinement for immigrants with serious mental disorders. They found that about a third of the detainees held in solitary had a \"serious mental illness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of multiple stays, one detainee logged 904 days — or nearly 2 1/2 years — in solitary confinement, which the report calls \"shockingly high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts found that some detainees with serious mental illness were put in solitary confinement simply because it was the only available space where they could be closely watched. The report called that practice \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p32/a542928\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">inhumane\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If strategies are not developed,\" the report warned, \"the mental health and other long-term detainee cases will continue to decompensate, and the population of the SMU will continue to grow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to NPR, an ICE spokesperson wrote that the agency \"is compliant\" with agency standards on the use of solitary confinement, citing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/detention-reform/pdf/segregation_directive.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directive \u003c/a>from 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, critics of ICE say that is not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have these experts ... essentially screaming from the rooftops, 'You need to fix this problem!' \" says Schwellenbach of POGO, which has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/08/isolated-ice-confines-some-detainees-with-mental-illness-in-solitary-for-months/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigated \u003c/a>the use of solitary confinement in ICE detention. \"There's solutions that they're actually putting forward, but they're being ignored.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ongoing Oversight of Immigration Detention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state of California has repeatedly clashed with the Trump administration over immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of California Sen. Kamala Harris, a former Democratic presidential candidate and former state attorney general, reviewed the documents obtained by NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unconscionable to subject detained persons to inhumane conditions,\" Harris's office said in a statement, \"including issues arising from insufficient medical care as well as prolonged isolation and detention at immigrant detention facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criticism of conditions at the Adelanto ICE Processing Center by Harris and others was one factor that led to the recent California \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-prisons/california-bans-private-prisons-and-immigration-detention-centers-idUSKBN1WQ2Q9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">law\u003c/a>, largely banning the use of private contractors in prison and immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"State laws aimed at obstructing federal law enforcement are inappropriate and harmful,\" ICE's Haley wrote to NPR. \"Policy makers who strive to make it more difficult to remove dangerous criminal aliens and aim to stop the cooperation of local officials and business partners, harm the very communities whose welfare they have sworn to protect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their lawsuit against the state, GEO argues that the law is a \"transparent attempt by the State to shut down the Federal Government's detention efforts within California's borders\" and \"a direct assault on the supremacy of federal law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay Democratic Assemblyman Rob Bonta, who championed the law, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RobBontaCA/status/1212030778525138945\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted \u003c/a>that the lawsuit was, \"Exactly what you'd expect fr[om] a collapsing industry in its final death throes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the full internal report \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Despite+Findings+Of+%27Negligent%27+Care%2C+ICE+To+Expand+Troubled+Calif.+Detention+Center&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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And to use this country to locate Mexican asylum-seekers is cruel and dangerous.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DHS did not respond to requests for more information on who among Mexican nationals will be considered for such transfers, or whether the policy is now being implemented along the California-Mexico border. The plan has been in place in Texas since November, according to BuzzFeed News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move by the Trump administration is the latest in a series of policies aimed at restricting asylum protections and deterring illegal border crossings. 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Immigrants who pass a credible fear interview with asylum officers, are then referred to an immigration judge to pursue their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexican officials expressed “disagreement” with the DHS plan and said it could affect about 900 applicants beginning in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Government of Mexico, together with state and local authorities, will work to offer better options to Mexicans who may be affected by this provision,” said the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs \u003ca href=\"https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-expresses-its-disagreement-with-us-plan-to-send-mexican-asylum-seekers-to-guatemala-to-continue-their-cases-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in a statement\u003c/a>. “The Foreign Ministry will closely monitor compliance with the human rights set forth in the international agreements signed and ratified by both Mexico and the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guatemala remains one of the most dangerous countries in the world, with an “alarmingly high” murder rate driven in part by drug traffickers, criminal gangs and a justice system unable to hold many criminals accountable, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/5f31517e-62bb-4f2c-8956-15f4aeaab930\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of State Overseas Security Advisory Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"asylum\"]Hundreds of clients at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.immdef.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Immigrant Defenders Law Center\u003c/a> are Guatemalan asylum-seekers “often fleeing unspeakable violence,” said Lindsay Toczylowski, executive director of the organization, which has several offices in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that the U.S. government is now going to send asylum-seekers from Mexico and elsewhere to a place that we know to be incredibly dangerous is a stunning betrayal of the commitment to human rights that our country has long aspired to uphold,” Toczylowski said. “This new agreement is further proof of the Trump administration’s intention to completely dismantle the asylum protection system in the U.S. and to close our doors to the most vulnerable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harley Shaiken, who directs the Center for Latin American Studies at UC Berkeley, said the Guatemalan government does not have the ability to ensure a fair and efficient asylum process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It defies logic given the weak institutions and the increasing impunity in Guatemala to think that the government could process Mexicans who are fleeing persecution or evaluate their claims fairly,” Shaiken said. “It’s very dangerous, and the U.S. government is essentially fleeing it’s moral responsibilities but also its legal responsibilities under international agreements that we’ve signed, and even U.S. law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s beyond the pale,\" Shaiken added. \"It’s Orwellian logic run amok ... thousands of Guatemalans are fleeing violence and persecution there. 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"content": "\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Defender’s Office is requesting an immediate hearing to have a transgender woman, who was transferred out of California on Christmas Day, released or returned to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public defender’s office \u003ca href=\"https://sfpublicdefender.org/news/2020/01/sf-public-defenders-file-restraining-order-against-ice-for-christmas-night-transfer-of-transgender-detainee-to-texas-isolation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">filed a motion\u003c/a> on Friday for a temporary restraining order against Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Yuba County Sheriff’s Office on behalf of their client, 41-year old Lexis Avilez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defendants have until noon on Jan. 7 to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nearly 14 months, Avilez has been held at the Yuba County Detention Center while lawyers worked on getting her a bond hearing, according to court documents filed on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the public defender’s office, on Christmas 2019, officials at Yuba led Avilez to believe she was being released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was extremely happy,” said Deputy Public Defender Hector Vega, who represents Avilez. “She called it a ‘Christmas miracle’ and called her family to tell them she was going to be released and be home soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vega said later that night, after she was transferred to the ICE processing facility in Sacramento, officials told her she was, instead, being transferred to the Prairieland Detention Center in Alvarado, Texas, nearly 2,000 miles away from her family and legal counsel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I received no notice of the transfer until it happened,” said Vega.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once Vega finally got in touch with ICE officials, they explained that they moved Avilez to the Texas facility because it was better suited to her needs.[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Lexis Avilez']‘I think this has been so cruel to me. ICE and the other officers know how difficult the last 14 months have been for me and yet have had no compassion for the way they detain me and move me around like I mean nothing.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vega’s concerned that’s not the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that she’s in the new detention center, I’ve been in talks with the new medical staff who have also not provided the hormonal treatment, and have given me no assurances that Ms. Avilez will receive the medication she needs,” said Vega.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public defender’s office also stated in a press release that Avilez is being detained in “segregated confinement, forced to wear male clothes, and denied the ability to call her lawyer at no cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this has been so cruel to me,” said Avilez in a statement. “ICE and the other officers know how difficult the last 14 months have been for me and yet have had no compassion for the way they detain me and move me around like I mean nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avilez has lived in California for the past 40 years after being brought to the United States as a baby. After struggling with her identity for years, she began to identify as female after being taken into ICE custody in 2018. Federal officials are seeking to deport her due to a past felony assault charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2019, during her time at Yuba, Avilez was diagnosed with gender dysphoria. At that time, Avilez’s lawyers began communication with ICE and Yuba officials regarding her healthcare, but she still did not receive necessary medication while there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE officials said they had no comment regarding the case. The Yuba County Sheriff’s Office did not immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defendants have until noon on Jan. 7 to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nearly 14 months, Avilez has been held at the Yuba County Detention Center while lawyers worked on getting her a bond hearing, according to court documents filed on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the public defender’s office, on Christmas 2019, officials at Yuba led Avilez to believe she was being released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was extremely happy,” said Deputy Public Defender Hector Vega, who represents Avilez. “She called it a ‘Christmas miracle’ and called her family to tell them she was going to be released and be home soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vega said later that night, after she was transferred to the ICE processing facility in Sacramento, officials told her she was, instead, being transferred to the Prairieland Detention Center in Alvarado, Texas, nearly 2,000 miles away from her family and legal counsel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I received no notice of the transfer until it happened,” said Vega.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once Vega finally got in touch with ICE officials, they explained that they moved Avilez to the Texas facility because it was better suited to her needs.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection on Tuesday formalized a medical plan formed in the wake of a massive surge of migrant families to the U.S.-Mexico border and a series of deaths in immigration custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal was to increase medical care and efficiency. According to the directive, the codified plan includes a sustainable proposal for triage, plus screenings for respiratory systems, instructions to isolate sick migrants to prevent the spread of disease, vaccines for staff and a supply of face masks and hand sanitizer. More than 500 medical professionals are on contract to help administer care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/5e470e143dcc47bface2354d1a2e4719\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">outcry over medical care\u003c/a> began when two children died in Border Patrol custody in December 2018, followed by the deaths of others this year. A year later, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/f66701c00438b5cdfa78bd9b15f77e19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Homeland Security’s watchdog\u003c/a> found no misconduct or wrongdoing in the deaths of the two Guatemalan children, a 7-year-old girl and an 8-year-old boy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='More Coverage.']At the height of the crisis, tens of thousands of migrant families crossed into the U.S. and were held in cramped, overcrowded conditions. \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/70685d23da774abea1a78561757e4dfd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A flu outbreak in May\u003c/a> sickened more than 30 migrants. A 16-year-old boy died from the illness, and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/7f6b350a313d6071634c33684fcd3eb9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">video later obtained by ProPublica\u003c/a> showed the teen collapsed on the floor for hours, alone, before he died. The video threw into question Border Patrol’s version of the teen’s death. An investigation is ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/b923da1cb2254ad59846a033dd670be7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Over the budget year that ended Sept. 30\u003c/a>, there were 859,510 apprehensions by Border Patrol, plus an additional 110,000 encounters of people who tried to enter legally but were deemed inadmissible. There were nearly 1 million crossings from the early 2000s, but those were mostly single men from Mexico who were easily returned, not families from Central America who require much more care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration officials were involved in more than 20,000 hospital visits this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security worked with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on creating and implementing recommendations. The department set a goal of formalizing the policies by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continue to look at new ways to improve care for those in our temporary custody,” a CBP spokesman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/e8f6a91850434b0e8c15124324bae2c8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crossings have declined steeply since a peak in May\u003c/a>, due in part to a policy that has forced more than 50,000 asylum-seekers back over the border to wait out their claims in Mexico, where dozens have been sickened and subjected to violence in some parts. And agreements with Central American nations are leading to migrants being sent back to Guatemala and eventually Honduras and El Salvador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection on Tuesday formalized a medical plan formed in the wake of a massive surge of migrant families to the U.S.-Mexico border and a series of deaths in immigration custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal was to increase medical care and efficiency. According to the directive, the codified plan includes a sustainable proposal for triage, plus screenings for respiratory systems, instructions to isolate sick migrants to prevent the spread of disease, vaccines for staff and a supply of face masks and hand sanitizer. More than 500 medical professionals are on contract to help administer care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/5e470e143dcc47bface2354d1a2e4719\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">outcry over medical care\u003c/a> began when two children died in Border Patrol custody in December 2018, followed by the deaths of others this year. A year later, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/f66701c00438b5cdfa78bd9b15f77e19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Homeland Security’s watchdog\u003c/a> found no misconduct or wrongdoing in the deaths of the two Guatemalan children, a 7-year-old girl and an 8-year-old boy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At the height of the crisis, tens of thousands of migrant families crossed into the U.S. and were held in cramped, overcrowded conditions. \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/70685d23da774abea1a78561757e4dfd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A flu outbreak in May\u003c/a> sickened more than 30 migrants. A 16-year-old boy died from the illness, and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/7f6b350a313d6071634c33684fcd3eb9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">video later obtained by ProPublica\u003c/a> showed the teen collapsed on the floor for hours, alone, before he died. The video threw into question Border Patrol’s version of the teen’s death. An investigation is ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/b923da1cb2254ad59846a033dd670be7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Over the budget year that ended Sept. 30\u003c/a>, there were 859,510 apprehensions by Border Patrol, plus an additional 110,000 encounters of people who tried to enter legally but were deemed inadmissible. There were nearly 1 million crossings from the early 2000s, but those were mostly single men from Mexico who were easily returned, not families from Central America who require much more care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration officials were involved in more than 20,000 hospital visits this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security worked with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on creating and implementing recommendations. The department set a goal of formalizing the policies by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continue to look at new ways to improve care for those in our temporary custody,” a CBP spokesman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/e8f6a91850434b0e8c15124324bae2c8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crossings have declined steeply since a peak in May\u003c/a>, due in part to a policy that has forced more than 50,000 asylum-seekers back over the border to wait out their claims in Mexico, where dozens have been sickened and subjected to violence in some parts. And agreements with Central American nations are leading to migrants being sent back to Guatemala and eventually Honduras and El Salvador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "U.S. Steps Up Deportations to Iraq, Despite Worsening Violence There",
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"content": "\u003cp>The apartment in Baghdad where Jimmy Aldaoud lived — and died, just two months after being deported from the U.S. — has been cleaned and emptied. But on the windowsill in the bedroom, there's a remnant of the fear he felt about being sent to a country where he'd never been: two plastic toy pistols with orange foam tips and bright pink suction-cup darts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He would sleep with these in his hands,\" says Samir Kada, another deportee from the U.S. who lives next door and looked out for him. \"He said, 'If anybody comes, I'm going to pull it on them. I swear to God.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud, 41, died Aug. 6, two weeks after\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/2228632/videos/10111835012432033/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> making a video\u003c/a> saying he was scared and sick, and begging to go back to the United States. His family and friends say he had diabetes and had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the apartment, next to the toy guns, there's an unused syringe for the insulin Aldaoud would forget to refrigerate and leave out in the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud's death caused an outcry in his Michigan community of Chaldean Christians, a minority that, along with other minorities, has faced discrimination and sometimes persecution and even targeted killings in Iraq. Human rights groups and members of Congress have called for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/2537/text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> to delay deportations.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='Related Coverage.']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration ordered stepped-up deportations of Iraqis convicted of felonies who were in the U.S. legally but had not become citizens. U.S. and international law prevent deportation back to countries where deportees would be under threat. But ICE has continued to deport Iraqis to a country now wracked by anti-government protests and renewed violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the deportees hadn't seen Iraq since they were children, and some had never seen it at all. Most served time for felonies in U.S. prisons years ago, and those convictions have prevented them from becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud was born in Greece to Iraqi refugee parents who came to the U.S. legally in 1979, when he was a baby. He spoke no Arabic and had never been to Iraq when ICE picked him up in Michigan as part of a sweep in 2017. He'd served time for convictions in a series of criminal charges over the course of two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After almost two years in immigration detention, the 41-year-old Christian man was sent to Najaf, a Shiite holy city in southern Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His family called me. They told me, 'Please go pick up Jimmy.' I mean, you know, he ain't got no papers. He ain't got no clothes — nothing, nothing — not even a penny,\" says Kada, another member of Michigan's Chaldean Christian community, deported in 2018. \"Anyways, he came, and he went into a depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kada and others who knew Aldaoud say he was afraid to leave the apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He talked to himself all day — 'God, please take me back home; please, God, I don't know nothing over here. I'm scared. I'm Christian. I'm this, I'm that.' He was walking over here naked, like, with no clothes. I told him, 'We can't do that over here.' Like, he was going crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kada, 39, says ICE deported Aldaoud with a month's worth of insulin and no other medication. Asked by NPR, ICE would say only that it deported him with an adequate supply of medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud called Kada in early August, crying, saying he was on the floor and he couldn't breathe. An ambulance took Aldaoud to the hospital, which discharged him a few hours later. When an Iraqi friend checked on him later that same day, he found Aldaoud lifeless on the floor. The morgue listed Aldaoud's cause of death as heart failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"I don't have anything to prove who I am\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of the deportees have no valid Iraqi identification documents. They are sent from the U.S. with no passport, only a one-way travel document known as a \u003cem>laissez passer,\u003c/em> issued by the Iraqi Embassy in Washington, D.C. With no way to prove who they are, they are subject to arrest at Iraqi checkpoints, can't rent apartments or even receive money via wire transfers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't speak Arabic,\" says Kada. \"We can't read and write. We can't do nothing. We can't go anywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nashat Butris was deported in July with no money and no clothes. He says he stayed with Jimmy Aldaoud for a few days when he arrived. Now he has a bunk in a sparsely furnished room at a shelter run by a church in Baghdad. He has no relatives in Iraq and speaks only broken Arabic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Samir Kada']'We can't read and write. We can't do nothing. We can't go anywhere.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just shocking. Everything is shocking to me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butris' deportation resulted from a conviction for cocaine possession years ago. The\u003cem> laissez passer\u003c/em> issued by the Iraqi Embassy includes a photo of him wearing an orange prison jumpsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This government here, they're not believing in this travel document,\" he says. \"I have no IDs and I'm not allowed to leave this compound because I don't have anything to prove who I am.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kada, who owned businesses in Michigan, is luckier than most. He has money — enough to pay for the Iraqi ID he says cost him $6,000, and which allows him greater freedom of movement than other deportees. But most, like Butris and Aldaoud, have little or nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"We don't want another Jimmy Aldaoud\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the past year, the Iraqi Embassy has issued travel documents for about 140 Iraqis due to be deported, according to a foreign ministry official in Baghdad who asked not to be identified in order to speak with NPR candidly. So far, about 60 of those 140 have been deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Aldaoud's death, the embassy stopped issuing travel documents for those scheduled for deportation but known to have significant health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't want another Jimmy Aldaoud,\" said the foreign ministry source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the deportees agree to be sent to Iraq simply to avoid what ICE tells them could be years in immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Honestly, the pressure that the United States government put on me and what I had to endure, this was the only way to get physical freedom,\" explains Benjamin Rayes, 47, a machine tool autoworker in Michigan who was deported to Iraq in early December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rayes served four years in a U.S. prison for insurance fraud. After his release from a halfway house two years ago, ICE arrested him and placed him in immigration detention before putting him on a plane to Baghdad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Benjamin Rayes']'Honestly, the pressure that the United States government put on me and what I had to endure, this was the only way to get physical freedom'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His life so far in Iraq is tightly constrained. The father of two girls, ages 7 and 10, Rayes says he was interrogated for hours when he landed in Baghdad without an Iraqi ID. His Chaldean Christian family is originally from the north of Iraq, but all of his relatives have emigrated. For now, he's staying with friends of friends in the south of Iraq. Without ID, he can't travel even within the country to apply for the documents he needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to the challenges facing deportees is the worsening violence since anti-government protests began raging in Baghdad and the southern provinces in October. Iranian-backed militias that are believed responsible for killing and abducting protesters blame \"U.S. agents\" for fomenting the protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already in danger of arrest and detention, Iraqis affiliated with the U.S. risk being accused of being U.S. spies. For many deportees, tattoos, American accents and lack of Arabic language skills make them easy targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite intense pressure on Iraq to accept more deportees, Iraq refused until last year to issue travel documents for Iraqi citizens who refuse deportation. That policy changed with a new Iraqi government last year, according to another foreign ministry official, who asked not to be identified because he was not authorized to speak publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"They tell me I'm not welcome\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Almost two years after he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/26/662218863/they-know-i-m-different-deportee-struggles-in-iraq-after-decades-living-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deported\u003c/a>, Naser al-Shimary lives in fear in southern Iraq. He was beaten last year by a group of strangers, and his neighbors were too frightened to help him. Now he sleeps with a kitchen knife next to him for protection. At night, he padlocks himself into the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People refer to me as 'the American,' \" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Samir Kada and other deportees, Shimary has visible tattoos, uncommon in Iraq. He says mosques refuse to let him in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They tell me I'm not welcome because tattoos signify bad character,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He loves his pet dog, but that's caused trouble for him too. People in his neighborhood tell him dogs are religiously unclean and he fears she will be poisoned. \"She is all the friends and family I have here,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shimary, who used to play chess with Jimmy Aldaoud back in the U.S. while they were both in ICE detention, is a U.S.-certified mechanic. But he has struggled to find work in the south and is afraid to take a job in Baghdad or farther north, areas he thinks would be even more dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the U.S., he had an auto body shop. His partner and son, who recently turned 5, are still there. The two visited him in Baghdad last year, but Shimary believes it's too dangerous in Iraq for them to return. He's hoping to find a way to resettle in another country with his family. For now, he relies on video calls to his son — including one to wish him happy birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was like, 'Papa, I saved you a piece of cake. If you want it, you gotta come here and get it,' \" he says. Shimary says he laughed, \"because I can't show weakness,\" but says it hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows he won't be going back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Steps+Up+Deportations+To+Iraq%2C+Despite+Worsening+Violence+There&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The apartment in Baghdad where Jimmy Aldaoud lived — and died, just two months after being deported from the U.S. — has been cleaned and emptied. But on the windowsill in the bedroom, there's a remnant of the fear he felt about being sent to a country where he'd never been: two plastic toy pistols with orange foam tips and bright pink suction-cup darts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He would sleep with these in his hands,\" says Samir Kada, another deportee from the U.S. who lives next door and looked out for him. \"He said, 'If anybody comes, I'm going to pull it on them. I swear to God.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud, 41, died Aug. 6, two weeks after\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/2228632/videos/10111835012432033/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> making a video\u003c/a> saying he was scared and sick, and begging to go back to the United States. His family and friends say he had diabetes and had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the apartment, next to the toy guns, there's an unused syringe for the insulin Aldaoud would forget to refrigerate and leave out in the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud's death caused an outcry in his Michigan community of Chaldean Christians, a minority that, along with other minorities, has faced discrimination and sometimes persecution and even targeted killings in Iraq. Human rights groups and members of Congress have called for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/2537/text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> to delay deportations.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration ordered stepped-up deportations of Iraqis convicted of felonies who were in the U.S. legally but had not become citizens. U.S. and international law prevent deportation back to countries where deportees would be under threat. But ICE has continued to deport Iraqis to a country now wracked by anti-government protests and renewed violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the deportees hadn't seen Iraq since they were children, and some had never seen it at all. Most served time for felonies in U.S. prisons years ago, and those convictions have prevented them from becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud was born in Greece to Iraqi refugee parents who came to the U.S. legally in 1979, when he was a baby. He spoke no Arabic and had never been to Iraq when ICE picked him up in Michigan as part of a sweep in 2017. He'd served time for convictions in a series of criminal charges over the course of two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After almost two years in immigration detention, the 41-year-old Christian man was sent to Najaf, a Shiite holy city in southern Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His family called me. They told me, 'Please go pick up Jimmy.' I mean, you know, he ain't got no papers. He ain't got no clothes — nothing, nothing — not even a penny,\" says Kada, another member of Michigan's Chaldean Christian community, deported in 2018. \"Anyways, he came, and he went into a depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kada and others who knew Aldaoud say he was afraid to leave the apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He talked to himself all day — 'God, please take me back home; please, God, I don't know nothing over here. I'm scared. I'm Christian. I'm this, I'm that.' He was walking over here naked, like, with no clothes. I told him, 'We can't do that over here.' Like, he was going crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kada, 39, says ICE deported Aldaoud with a month's worth of insulin and no other medication. Asked by NPR, ICE would say only that it deported him with an adequate supply of medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud called Kada in early August, crying, saying he was on the floor and he couldn't breathe. An ambulance took Aldaoud to the hospital, which discharged him a few hours later. When an Iraqi friend checked on him later that same day, he found Aldaoud lifeless on the floor. The morgue listed Aldaoud's cause of death as heart failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"I don't have anything to prove who I am\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of the deportees have no valid Iraqi identification documents. They are sent from the U.S. with no passport, only a one-way travel document known as a \u003cem>laissez passer,\u003c/em> issued by the Iraqi Embassy in Washington, D.C. With no way to prove who they are, they are subject to arrest at Iraqi checkpoints, can't rent apartments or even receive money via wire transfers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't speak Arabic,\" says Kada. \"We can't read and write. We can't do nothing. We can't go anywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nashat Butris was deported in July with no money and no clothes. He says he stayed with Jimmy Aldaoud for a few days when he arrived. Now he has a bunk in a sparsely furnished room at a shelter run by a church in Baghdad. He has no relatives in Iraq and speaks only broken Arabic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just shocking. Everything is shocking to me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butris' deportation resulted from a conviction for cocaine possession years ago. The\u003cem> laissez passer\u003c/em> issued by the Iraqi Embassy includes a photo of him wearing an orange prison jumpsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This government here, they're not believing in this travel document,\" he says. \"I have no IDs and I'm not allowed to leave this compound because I don't have anything to prove who I am.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kada, who owned businesses in Michigan, is luckier than most. He has money — enough to pay for the Iraqi ID he says cost him $6,000, and which allows him greater freedom of movement than other deportees. But most, like Butris and Aldaoud, have little or nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"We don't want another Jimmy Aldaoud\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the past year, the Iraqi Embassy has issued travel documents for about 140 Iraqis due to be deported, according to a foreign ministry official in Baghdad who asked not to be identified in order to speak with NPR candidly. So far, about 60 of those 140 have been deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Aldaoud's death, the embassy stopped issuing travel documents for those scheduled for deportation but known to have significant health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't want another Jimmy Aldaoud,\" said the foreign ministry source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the deportees agree to be sent to Iraq simply to avoid what ICE tells them could be years in immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Honestly, the pressure that the United States government put on me and what I had to endure, this was the only way to get physical freedom,\" explains Benjamin Rayes, 47, a machine tool autoworker in Michigan who was deported to Iraq in early December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rayes served four years in a U.S. prison for insurance fraud. After his release from a halfway house two years ago, ICE arrested him and placed him in immigration detention before putting him on a plane to Baghdad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His life so far in Iraq is tightly constrained. The father of two girls, ages 7 and 10, Rayes says he was interrogated for hours when he landed in Baghdad without an Iraqi ID. His Chaldean Christian family is originally from the north of Iraq, but all of his relatives have emigrated. For now, he's staying with friends of friends in the south of Iraq. Without ID, he can't travel even within the country to apply for the documents he needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to the challenges facing deportees is the worsening violence since anti-government protests began raging in Baghdad and the southern provinces in October. Iranian-backed militias that are believed responsible for killing and abducting protesters blame \"U.S. agents\" for fomenting the protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already in danger of arrest and detention, Iraqis affiliated with the U.S. risk being accused of being U.S. spies. For many deportees, tattoos, American accents and lack of Arabic language skills make them easy targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite intense pressure on Iraq to accept more deportees, Iraq refused until last year to issue travel documents for Iraqi citizens who refuse deportation. That policy changed with a new Iraqi government last year, according to another foreign ministry official, who asked not to be identified because he was not authorized to speak publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"They tell me I'm not welcome\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Almost two years after he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/26/662218863/they-know-i-m-different-deportee-struggles-in-iraq-after-decades-living-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deported\u003c/a>, Naser al-Shimary lives in fear in southern Iraq. He was beaten last year by a group of strangers, and his neighbors were too frightened to help him. Now he sleeps with a kitchen knife next to him for protection. At night, he padlocks himself into the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People refer to me as 'the American,' \" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Samir Kada and other deportees, Shimary has visible tattoos, uncommon in Iraq. He says mosques refuse to let him in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They tell me I'm not welcome because tattoos signify bad character,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He loves his pet dog, but that's caused trouble for him too. People in his neighborhood tell him dogs are religiously unclean and he fears she will be poisoned. \"She is all the friends and family I have here,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shimary, who used to play chess with Jimmy Aldaoud back in the U.S. while they were both in ICE detention, is a U.S.-certified mechanic. But he has struggled to find work in the south and is afraid to take a job in Baghdad or farther north, areas he thinks would be even more dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the U.S., he had an auto body shop. His partner and son, who recently turned 5, are still there. The two visited him in Baghdad last year, but Shimary believes it's too dangerous in Iraq for them to return. He's hoping to find a way to resettle in another country with his family. For now, he relies on video calls to his son — including one to wish him happy birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was like, 'Papa, I saved you a piece of cake. If you want it, you gotta come here and get it,' \" he says. Shimary says he laughed, \"because I can't show weakness,\" but says it hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows he won't be going back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Steps+Up+Deportations+To+Iraq%2C+Despite+Worsening+Violence+There&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dec. 30 is the deadline to \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=USCIS-2019-0010-0001\">submit a comment\u003c/a> to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services over a proposed fee hike to access some genealogy files, some of which date back more than 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USCIS wants to increase the fee for obtaining immigration files by 500%, which means some people would have to pay more than $600 for the documents. The move would affect families of the millions of people who immigrated to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is immigration history,\" \u003ca href=\"https://easterneuropeanmutt.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Renée Carl\u003c/a>, a genealogist in Washington, D.C. who works with clients who use the records, tells NPR's David Greene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone is coming from a displaced persons camp in Europe, they would have filled out all this paperwork while still in Europe,\" Carl says. \"Then you get the information on when they come in. You get a photograph if there's a visa file. You almost always get a photograph.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='More Coverage.']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are millions of records held at the agency, Carl says. These include \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/a-files\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">alien registration files\u003c/a>, files for \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-k-chapter-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">certificates of naturalization\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/visa-files-july-1-1924-march-31-1944\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visa files\u003c/a>, if one applied for a visa to come to the United States. \"There might be something called a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/registry-files-image-galleries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">registry file\u003c/a> if, during the process of naturalization, the government couldn't find you on a ship manifest, so they were trying to document how you entered the country in the first place,\" Carl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people trying to trace their family histories, these files can offer critical information, including photos. She says genealogical research goes beyond just wanting to know relatives' names; people want to understand the kind of lives their ancestors lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes you've never seen a picture of your great-grandfather or your grandfather other than as a grandfather, not as a young person,\" Carl says. \"This gives you a way to understand what their lives were like when you can't ask them the questions anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when the files don't contain photos, they almost always include a signature, Carl says, \"which is a way to have that human touch in a record.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS documents can be especially important for populations in the U.S. affected by discriminatory immigration laws, Carl says. These groups include Japanese-born residents who were denied citizenship until after World War II and people of Chinese descent who were subject to immigration and citizenship restrictions between the 1870s and the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl and colleagues have \u003ca href=\"https://www.recordsnotrevenue.com/\">created a website\u003c/a> with more information on the files USCIS has, the proposed fees, as well as how to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she first learned about the value of immigration documents when doing research on her own family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My grandfather came to this country as a child and became a citizen,\" she says. \"But in the 1960s, my grandfather had no idea where his certificate of naturalization was. He wanted a copy of it that had his name on it. And he also needed to prove how old he was to Social Security so he could start collecting his benefits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Renée Carl, genealogist']'This gives you a way to understand what their lives were like when you can't ask them the questions anymore.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'd come from Eastern Europe as a child and Carl's grandfather did not have a birth certificate, so in order to prove his age, Carl found letters in his file from the St. Louis school board saying that he started first grade at age 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It gave the name of the school that he attended. These are little things, but it gave me this insight into a person as a child,\" she says. \"You realize they had this whole life that they lived. So these records are one way to take a peek back into a different part of our immigrant ancestors' lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the fee increases go through, Carl says, it would cost a minimum of $240 to simply put in a search request for records from USCIS. The fee would cover some records, she says, \"But if there is a paper file, they would add on another $385 to the fee. So that's a total of $625 for one file on one person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, it costs about $65 for a search and another $65 to receive the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a huge difference,\" says Carl. \"It's already expensive for records that should be at the National Archives. Many of these records should be at National Archives and free for people to access.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A USCIS \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/news/news-releases/uscis-proposes-adjust-fees-meet-operational-needs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a> says the fees are needed to cover the costs of processing these applications. But Carl says the fees are redundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our immigrant ancestors paid and filed fees when they filled out the forms in the first place. If these records were transferred over to the National Archives, they would be available for research, and these records would then be held in a place that's used to handling records all the time, not in an agency that focuses on immigration and naturalization,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Gisele Grayson and Jon Hamilton produced this story for the Web. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tracing+Your+Family%27s+Roots+May+Soon+Get+A+Lot+More+Expensive+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dec. 30 is the deadline to \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=USCIS-2019-0010-0001\">submit a comment\u003c/a> to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services over a proposed fee hike to access some genealogy files, some of which date back more than 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USCIS wants to increase the fee for obtaining immigration files by 500%, which means some people would have to pay more than $600 for the documents. The move would affect families of the millions of people who immigrated to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is immigration history,\" \u003ca href=\"https://easterneuropeanmutt.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Renée Carl\u003c/a>, a genealogist in Washington, D.C. who works with clients who use the records, tells NPR's David Greene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone is coming from a displaced persons camp in Europe, they would have filled out all this paperwork while still in Europe,\" Carl says. \"Then you get the information on when they come in. You get a photograph if there's a visa file. You almost always get a photograph.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are millions of records held at the agency, Carl says. These include \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/a-files\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">alien registration files\u003c/a>, files for \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-k-chapter-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">certificates of naturalization\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/visa-files-july-1-1924-march-31-1944\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visa files\u003c/a>, if one applied for a visa to come to the United States. \"There might be something called a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/registry-files-image-galleries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">registry file\u003c/a> if, during the process of naturalization, the government couldn't find you on a ship manifest, so they were trying to document how you entered the country in the first place,\" Carl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people trying to trace their family histories, these files can offer critical information, including photos. She says genealogical research goes beyond just wanting to know relatives' names; people want to understand the kind of lives their ancestors lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes you've never seen a picture of your great-grandfather or your grandfather other than as a grandfather, not as a young person,\" Carl says. \"This gives you a way to understand what their lives were like when you can't ask them the questions anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when the files don't contain photos, they almost always include a signature, Carl says, \"which is a way to have that human touch in a record.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS documents can be especially important for populations in the U.S. affected by discriminatory immigration laws, Carl says. These groups include Japanese-born residents who were denied citizenship until after World War II and people of Chinese descent who were subject to immigration and citizenship restrictions between the 1870s and the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl and colleagues have \u003ca href=\"https://www.recordsnotrevenue.com/\">created a website\u003c/a> with more information on the files USCIS has, the proposed fees, as well as how to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she first learned about the value of immigration documents when doing research on her own family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My grandfather came to this country as a child and became a citizen,\" she says. \"But in the 1960s, my grandfather had no idea where his certificate of naturalization was. He wanted a copy of it that had his name on it. And he also needed to prove how old he was to Social Security so he could start collecting his benefits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'd come from Eastern Europe as a child and Carl's grandfather did not have a birth certificate, so in order to prove his age, Carl found letters in his file from the St. Louis school board saying that he started first grade at age 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It gave the name of the school that he attended. These are little things, but it gave me this insight into a person as a child,\" she says. \"You realize they had this whole life that they lived. So these records are one way to take a peek back into a different part of our immigrant ancestors' lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the fee increases go through, Carl says, it would cost a minimum of $240 to simply put in a search request for records from USCIS. The fee would cover some records, she says, \"But if there is a paper file, they would add on another $385 to the fee. So that's a total of $625 for one file on one person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, it costs about $65 for a search and another $65 to receive the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a huge difference,\" says Carl. \"It's already expensive for records that should be at the National Archives. Many of these records should be at National Archives and free for people to access.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A USCIS \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/news/news-releases/uscis-proposes-adjust-fees-meet-operational-needs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a> says the fees are needed to cover the costs of processing these applications. But Carl says the fees are redundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our immigrant ancestors paid and filed fees when they filled out the forms in the first place. If these records were transferred over to the National Archives, they would be available for research, and these records would then be held in a place that's used to handling records all the time, not in an agency that focuses on immigration and naturalization,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Gisele Grayson and Jon Hamilton produced this story for the Web. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tracing+Your+Family%27s+Roots+May+Soon+Get+A+Lot+More+Expensive+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Japanese Latin Americans Interned in WWII See Injustice for Migrants Today",
"title": "Japanese Latin Americans Interned in WWII See Injustice for Migrants Today",
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"content": "\u003cp>Libia Yamamoto has a feel for fashion — even as a young girl in a World War II detention camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent trip back to the place where she was imprisoned for four years as a child, Yamamoto showed me a class photo. She was 10 years old at the time, and in the picture she's smiling at the camera, dark hair swept back in a ribbon, sporting a plaid tailored dress with a flared skirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto is now 84. Her hair is white, but still carefully coiffed. On this cold November day she’s bundled up in a long wool coat as she waits to board a chartered bus. I'm joining her as she travels more than 100 miles from San Antonio to Crystal City, Texas, where she was interned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon we’re rolling down the highway into rural South Texas, in a convoy of buses carrying 170 people who all share some connection to the Crystal City Internment Camp. They are making this pilgrimage to draw attention to a little-known injustice of WWII that seems more relevant than ever: They see a repeat of their own history in the large-scale detention of migrant families in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792556\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Japanese Latin American Libia Yamamoto reunited with others who were interned in Crystal City, Texas, during WWII.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Japanese Latin American Libia Yamamoto reunited with others who were interned in Crystal City, Texas, during WWII. \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto was born in Peru to parents who had immigrated from Japan in the early 1900s. The family owned several thriving businesses in the coastal city of Chiclayo and lived a comfortable life on a hacienda with servants and chauffeurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That life unraveled after the Japanese military bombed Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year after that attack, police in Peru arrested Yamamoto's father and took him to the local jail. Yamamoto and her mother arrived there the next morning just in time to see police load him onto a truck with other men and drive away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto said her mother, who had kept her composure until then, burst into tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto cried too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In between sobs, I would ask my mother, 'Where's he going?'” Yamamoto recalled. “She said she didn't know. I said, 'When is he coming back?' She didn’t know anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that the U.S. government had pressured Latin American governments to turn over legal residents and even citizens of Japanese, German or Italian ancestry, ostensibly to protect the southern hemisphere from invasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792554\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792554\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Japanese Peruvian men in the Panama Canal Zone heading to detention in the U.S., April 2, 1942. Koshio Henry Shima (2nd from right) was a named plaintiff in a 1996 lawsuit against the U.S. government seeking redress.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Japanese Peruvian men in the Panama Canal Zone heading to detention in the U.S., April 2, 1942. Koshio Henry Shima (2nd from right) was a named plaintiff in a 1996 lawsuit against the U.S. government seeking redress. \u003ccite>(National Archives, Courtesy of Japanese Peruvian Oral History Project )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under the pretext of national security, U.S. officials transported supposedly dangerous “enemy aliens” to the United States. Ultimately more than 2,200 people of Japanese ancestry from 13 Latin American countries ended up detained in the United States during WWII. Of those, 1800 were from Peru.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first learned about this history more than 20 years ago from a family friend in Los Angeles who told me, “The U.S. government kidnapped my family and threw us in a concentration camp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"japanese-internment\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was back before I was a journalist. I helped publicize the \u003ca href=\"https://jlacampaignforjustice.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">redress efforts\u003c/a> of some of the surviving Japanese Latin Americans who filed a lawsuit against the U.S. government in 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a month after her father was taken away, Yamamoto told me her family didn’t know where he was or even if he was alive. Then he managed to send a letter for her sister’s birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had enclosed some pressed flowers,” Yamamoto remembered. “He said, ‘I'm sorry, I can't give you any birthday present, so this will have to do.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wrote that he’d been put to work in a U.S. Army camp in Panama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Months later, authorities told the family that if they wanted to see him again, they would have to agree to be shipped to the United States and reunite with him there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in July 1943, Yamamoto, her mother and two siblings joined other wives and children at the port of Callao to board a U.S. ship. She remembers walking up the gangplank, bringing all that they could carry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was so afraid,” Yamamoto said. “We saw the soldiers lined up with guns, and we thought, ‘As soon as we go to high seas, they're going to kill us all!’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turned out, the U.S. planned to use detainees like the Yamamoto's family for prisoner exchanges with Japan and other enemy nations. During the war, the U.S. exchanged 900 Japanese Latin Americans for U.S. citizens held by the Japanese, and then after the war, deported another 800 of them to Japan, a place many of them had never seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. consuls in Latin America were under orders not to issue visas to families like Yamamoto's, and on the ship, U.S. soldiers confiscated the passports of any traveler who had one, according to historian C. Harvey Gardiner, who wrote a book about the prisoner exchange program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Yamamoto's family arrived in New Orleans, after a three week journey, she said immigration agents on the dock asked to see their travel documents. When she couldn't present a visa or passport, her mother was told the family had entered the U.S. “illegally,” and they were being sent to detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto remembered seeing customs agents searching bags and even dumping people’s belongings into the water. But she was allowed to keep her prized possession: a doll her father had given her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Libia Yamamoto\"]\"In between sobs, I would ask my mother, 'Where's he going?’ She said she didn't know. I said, 'When is he coming back?' She didn’t know anything.\"[/pullquote] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the 120,000 American citizens and residents of Japanese ancestry in the U.S. who were detained in internment camps run by the War Relocation Authority, the Latin Americans were detained in facilities run by the Immigration and Naturalization Service. They were largely hidden from the public and the press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 3,000 Latin Americans of Japanese, German and Italian ancestry passed through the Crystal City \u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Crystal_City_(detention_facility)/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">internment camp\u003c/a> for families. A 1945 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=crystal+city+texas+internment+camp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">propaganda film\u003c/a> produced by the U.S. Department of Justice shows hundreds of cabins laid out across dirt roads and enclosed in high fences with watch towers for armed guards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto was seven when she arrived and would spend the next four years there.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Immigrant Families Detained Today\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In January of this year, I traveled to the same part of Texas to report on a new wave of families in detention: thousands of mothers and children seeking refuge from violence in Central America who were taken into custody by Immigration and Customs Enforcement and placed in a privately-run prison, just 45 miles from Crystal City, in a town called Dilley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the facility opened in 2015, the population has fluctuated from a few hundred people up to 2400.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Flood lights illuminate the Immigration and Customs Enforcement family detention facility in Dilley, Texas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flood lights illuminate the Immigration and Customs Enforcement family detention facility in Dilley, Texas. \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>ICE denied my requests to visit the South Texas Family Residential Center, so I asked an immigrant advocate who had worked inside it to drive me to the highway entrance. From there at a distance you can see a large tented area, where immigrant rights advocate Katy Murdza believes people are processed in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can just see the tops of the light posts,” Murdza observed. “There's flood lighting at night, so people say it's even hard to sleep because it's never truly night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those flood lights are so bright you can see them from a mile away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Crystal City camp was also surrounded by barbed wire fences and flood lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When our buses arrive, all that’s visible on the now barren field is a water tower and the cement base of a reservoir that the detainees converted into a swimming pool to escape the scorching Texas summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two girls drowned in that pool — one of them was Yamamoto's good friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto and the other pilgrims gather inside the base of the swimming pool for a ceremony to honor the girls and 15 other people who died at the camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buddhist minister Ron Kobata of San Francisco asks participants to offer incense and white carnations at an altar for their predecessors, “who endured this experience, but not with just pity and resentment, but with determination, so that their offspring will not have to endure that same tragedy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto and other pilgrims participate in the ritual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792545\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792545\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Japanese Latin American Eloy Moaki returns to the site where his family was interned during WWII in Crystal City, Texas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Japanese Latin American Eloy Moaki returns to the site where his family was interned during WWII in Crystal City, Texas. \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Later, they say that a very similar tragedy is unfolding again — for migrant families coming to the U.S. to seek asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day after their visit to Crystal City, they participate in a rally in San Antonio with local immigrant advocates. Yamamoto is invited to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lately when I hear the immigrants getting separated by children and parents, I feel so bad for them!” she tells the crowd of a couple hundred people. She says it brings back the painful memories of her own childhood separation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When my father was kidnapped in January of 1943 and we said goodbye to him, not knowing where he was being taken, and when we ever will see him again,” she says. “It was a very traumatic day for me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792555\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792555\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Japanese Latin Americans rallied in San Antonio, Texas, to protest the Trump administration's family detention policies.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Japanese Latin Americans rallied in San Antonio, Texas, to protest the Trump administration's family detention policies. \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Murdza, the advocate who took me to the family detention center in Dilley earlier this year, also speaks at the rally. She works for an organization that provides legal help to families to get them released from detention to await their hearings in immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Detention harms the physical health, mental health and legal rights of the families,” she tells the former internees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government calls this facility the South Texas Family Residential Center,” Murdza says. “But those of us who know its effects on the mothers and children detained there know that it's a jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Starting Over in the United States\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After about eight months of separation, Yamamoto was finally reunited with her father in Crystal City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the parents learned that the U.S. wanted to deport them to Japan — a place that Yamamoto and her siblings had never been. But the day they were set to sail, Yamamoto’s father became too ill to travel. His health had deteriorated in detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A full two years after the war ended, the family was still being held at Crystal City. Finally, an attorney with the ACLU of Northern California arranged for their release to an aunt in Berkeley who agreed to sponsor them. Yamamoto remembers taking the train to the now defunct Santa Fe station at Acton Street and University Avenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A Japanese minister came to pick us up,” she recalled. “He drove up University and all the neon lights were shining. Wow! We were just amazed at all those beautiful lights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto’s parents lost all their property in Peru, and Peruvian officials would not allow the family to return. She says her parents worked menial jobs in California for the rest of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than a decade after their release, the government continued to consider them \"illegal aliens” subject to deportation. Then in 1954, a change in U.S. immigration law allowed the family to become legal permanent residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, in 1998, Japanese Latin Americans won a historic settlement of $5,000 for each surviving detainee or their family, and a letter of apology signed by President Bill Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many survivors found the offer meager, they thought it was important that the U.S. government officially acknowledged that it had violated their rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize the wrongs of the past and offer our profound regret to those who endured such grave injustice,” the letter stated. “We understand that our nation’s actions were rooted in racial prejudice and wartime hysteria.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto says she’s praying that President Trump will soon realize that his policies on immigrant families are wrong and that children are paying the price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Libia Yamamoto has a feel for fashion — even as a young girl in a World War II detention camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent trip back to the place where she was imprisoned for four years as a child, Yamamoto showed me a class photo. She was 10 years old at the time, and in the picture she's smiling at the camera, dark hair swept back in a ribbon, sporting a plaid tailored dress with a flared skirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto is now 84. Her hair is white, but still carefully coiffed. On this cold November day she’s bundled up in a long wool coat as she waits to board a chartered bus. I'm joining her as she travels more than 100 miles from San Antonio to Crystal City, Texas, where she was interned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon we’re rolling down the highway into rural South Texas, in a convoy of buses carrying 170 people who all share some connection to the Crystal City Internment Camp. They are making this pilgrimage to draw attention to a little-known injustice of WWII that seems more relevant than ever: They see a repeat of their own history in the large-scale detention of migrant families in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792556\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Japanese Latin American Libia Yamamoto reunited with others who were interned in Crystal City, Texas, during WWII.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40590_IMG_1605-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Japanese Latin American Libia Yamamoto reunited with others who were interned in Crystal City, Texas, during WWII. \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto was born in Peru to parents who had immigrated from Japan in the early 1900s. The family owned several thriving businesses in the coastal city of Chiclayo and lived a comfortable life on a hacienda with servants and chauffeurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That life unraveled after the Japanese military bombed Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year after that attack, police in Peru arrested Yamamoto's father and took him to the local jail. Yamamoto and her mother arrived there the next morning just in time to see police load him onto a truck with other men and drive away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto said her mother, who had kept her composure until then, burst into tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto cried too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In between sobs, I would ask my mother, 'Where's he going?'” Yamamoto recalled. “She said she didn't know. I said, 'When is he coming back?' She didn’t know anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that the U.S. government had pressured Latin American governments to turn over legal residents and even citizens of Japanese, German or Italian ancestry, ostensibly to protect the southern hemisphere from invasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792554\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792554\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Japanese Peruvian men in the Panama Canal Zone heading to detention in the U.S., April 2, 1942. Koshio Henry Shima (2nd from right) was a named plaintiff in a 1996 lawsuit against the U.S. government seeking redress.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40547_6A-P04_cropped-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Japanese Peruvian men in the Panama Canal Zone heading to detention in the U.S., April 2, 1942. Koshio Henry Shima (2nd from right) was a named plaintiff in a 1996 lawsuit against the U.S. government seeking redress. \u003ccite>(National Archives, Courtesy of Japanese Peruvian Oral History Project )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under the pretext of national security, U.S. officials transported supposedly dangerous “enemy aliens” to the United States. Ultimately more than 2,200 people of Japanese ancestry from 13 Latin American countries ended up detained in the United States during WWII. Of those, 1800 were from Peru.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first learned about this history more than 20 years ago from a family friend in Los Angeles who told me, “The U.S. government kidnapped my family and threw us in a concentration camp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was back before I was a journalist. I helped publicize the \u003ca href=\"https://jlacampaignforjustice.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">redress efforts\u003c/a> of some of the surviving Japanese Latin Americans who filed a lawsuit against the U.S. government in 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a month after her father was taken away, Yamamoto told me her family didn’t know where he was or even if he was alive. Then he managed to send a letter for her sister’s birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had enclosed some pressed flowers,” Yamamoto remembered. “He said, ‘I'm sorry, I can't give you any birthday present, so this will have to do.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wrote that he’d been put to work in a U.S. Army camp in Panama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Months later, authorities told the family that if they wanted to see him again, they would have to agree to be shipped to the United States and reunite with him there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in July 1943, Yamamoto, her mother and two siblings joined other wives and children at the port of Callao to board a U.S. ship. She remembers walking up the gangplank, bringing all that they could carry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was so afraid,” Yamamoto said. “We saw the soldiers lined up with guns, and we thought, ‘As soon as we go to high seas, they're going to kill us all!’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turned out, the U.S. planned to use detainees like the Yamamoto's family for prisoner exchanges with Japan and other enemy nations. During the war, the U.S. exchanged 900 Japanese Latin Americans for U.S. citizens held by the Japanese, and then after the war, deported another 800 of them to Japan, a place many of them had never seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. consuls in Latin America were under orders not to issue visas to families like Yamamoto's, and on the ship, U.S. soldiers confiscated the passports of any traveler who had one, according to historian C. Harvey Gardiner, who wrote a book about the prisoner exchange program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Yamamoto's family arrived in New Orleans, after a three week journey, she said immigration agents on the dock asked to see their travel documents. When she couldn't present a visa or passport, her mother was told the family had entered the U.S. “illegally,” and they were being sent to detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto remembered seeing customs agents searching bags and even dumping people’s belongings into the water. But she was allowed to keep her prized possession: a doll her father had given her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the 120,000 American citizens and residents of Japanese ancestry in the U.S. who were detained in internment camps run by the War Relocation Authority, the Latin Americans were detained in facilities run by the Immigration and Naturalization Service. They were largely hidden from the public and the press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 3,000 Latin Americans of Japanese, German and Italian ancestry passed through the Crystal City \u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Crystal_City_(detention_facility)/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">internment camp\u003c/a> for families. A 1945 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=crystal+city+texas+internment+camp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">propaganda film\u003c/a> produced by the U.S. Department of Justice shows hundreds of cabins laid out across dirt roads and enclosed in high fences with watch towers for armed guards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto was seven when she arrived and would spend the next four years there.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Immigrant Families Detained Today\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In January of this year, I traveled to the same part of Texas to report on a new wave of families in detention: thousands of mothers and children seeking refuge from violence in Central America who were taken into custody by Immigration and Customs Enforcement and placed in a privately-run prison, just 45 miles from Crystal City, in a town called Dilley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the facility opened in 2015, the population has fluctuated from a few hundred people up to 2400.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Flood lights illuminate the Immigration and Customs Enforcement family detention facility in Dilley, Texas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Flood-Lights-at-ICE-family-detention-facility-Dilley-Tx-RS37048_IMG_8923-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flood lights illuminate the Immigration and Customs Enforcement family detention facility in Dilley, Texas. \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>ICE denied my requests to visit the South Texas Family Residential Center, so I asked an immigrant advocate who had worked inside it to drive me to the highway entrance. From there at a distance you can see a large tented area, where immigrant rights advocate Katy Murdza believes people are processed in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can just see the tops of the light posts,” Murdza observed. “There's flood lighting at night, so people say it's even hard to sleep because it's never truly night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those flood lights are so bright you can see them from a mile away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Crystal City camp was also surrounded by barbed wire fences and flood lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When our buses arrive, all that’s visible on the now barren field is a water tower and the cement base of a reservoir that the detainees converted into a swimming pool to escape the scorching Texas summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two girls drowned in that pool — one of them was Yamamoto's good friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto and the other pilgrims gather inside the base of the swimming pool for a ceremony to honor the girls and 15 other people who died at the camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buddhist minister Ron Kobata of San Francisco asks participants to offer incense and white carnations at an altar for their predecessors, “who endured this experience, but not with just pity and resentment, but with determination, so that their offspring will not have to endure that same tragedy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto and other pilgrims participate in the ritual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792545\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792545\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Japanese Latin American Eloy Moaki returns to the site where his family was interned during WWII in Crystal City, Texas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40586_IMG_1689-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Japanese Latin American Eloy Moaki returns to the site where his family was interned during WWII in Crystal City, Texas. \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Later, they say that a very similar tragedy is unfolding again — for migrant families coming to the U.S. to seek asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day after their visit to Crystal City, they participate in a rally in San Antonio with local immigrant advocates. Yamamoto is invited to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lately when I hear the immigrants getting separated by children and parents, I feel so bad for them!” she tells the crowd of a couple hundred people. She says it brings back the painful memories of her own childhood separation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When my father was kidnapped in January of 1943 and we said goodbye to him, not knowing where he was being taken, and when we ever will see him again,” she says. “It was a very traumatic day for me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792555\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792555\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Japanese Latin Americans rallied in San Antonio, Texas, to protest the Trump administration's family detention policies.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40582_IMG_1781-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Japanese Latin Americans rallied in San Antonio, Texas, to protest the Trump administration's family detention policies. \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Murdza, the advocate who took me to the family detention center in Dilley earlier this year, also speaks at the rally. She works for an organization that provides legal help to families to get them released from detention to await their hearings in immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Detention harms the physical health, mental health and legal rights of the families,” she tells the former internees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government calls this facility the South Texas Family Residential Center,” Murdza says. “But those of us who know its effects on the mothers and children detained there know that it's a jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Starting Over in the United States\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After about eight months of separation, Yamamoto was finally reunited with her father in Crystal City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the parents learned that the U.S. wanted to deport them to Japan — a place that Yamamoto and her siblings had never been. But the day they were set to sail, Yamamoto’s father became too ill to travel. His health had deteriorated in detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A full two years after the war ended, the family was still being held at Crystal City. Finally, an attorney with the ACLU of Northern California arranged for their release to an aunt in Berkeley who agreed to sponsor them. Yamamoto remembers taking the train to the now defunct Santa Fe station at Acton Street and University Avenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A Japanese minister came to pick us up,” she recalled. “He drove up University and all the neon lights were shining. Wow! We were just amazed at all those beautiful lights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto’s parents lost all their property in Peru, and Peruvian officials would not allow the family to return. She says her parents worked menial jobs in California for the rest of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than a decade after their release, the government continued to consider them \"illegal aliens” subject to deportation. Then in 1954, a change in U.S. immigration law allowed the family to become legal permanent residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, in 1998, Japanese Latin Americans won a historic settlement of $5,000 for each surviving detainee or their family, and a letter of apology signed by President Bill Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many survivors found the offer meager, they thought it was important that the U.S. government officially acknowledged that it had violated their rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize the wrongs of the past and offer our profound regret to those who endured such grave injustice,” the letter stated. “We understand that our nation’s actions were rooted in racial prejudice and wartime hysteria.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto says she’s praying that President Trump will soon realize that his policies on immigrant families are wrong and that children are paying the price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "ICE Signs New For-Profit Detention Contracts Days Before California's Ban Begins",
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"headTitle": "ICE Signs New For-Profit Detention Contracts Days Before California’s Ban Begins | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6:30 p.m. Monday, Dec. 23\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has signed new long-term contracts with three private prison companies to operate — and expand — immigration detention in California. The deals, which were published on a federal procurement website late Friday evening, come just days before a new state law takes effect, outlawing for-profit prisons and immigration detention facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.fpds.gov/ezsearch/fpdsportal?s=FPDS.GOV&templateName=1.5.1&indexName=awardfull&q=70CDCR20R00000002\">contracts\u003c/a> total $6.5 billion and extend for as long as 15 years, much longer than typical immigration detention agreements. The three companies currently run four California detention centers for ICE, with a combined total of roughly 5,200 beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The full text of the new contracts was not publicly accessible, but here’s what we know. ICE entered into deals for “security guards and patrol services” as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$679 million with Management & Training Corp., for a facility in Calexico, where the company currently operates the Imperial Regional Detention Center;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$2.1 billion with Core Civic, Inc., for a facility in San Diego, where the company currently operates the Otay Mesa Detention Center;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$2.1 billion with GEO Group, Inc., for a facility in Adelanto (San Bernardino County), where the company currently operates the Adelanto ICE Processing Center;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.6 billion with GEO Group, Inc., for a facility in Bakersfield, where the company currently operates the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Center.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In addition, GEO Group’s contracts incorporate the use of three other California prisons it owns, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\">press release\u003c/a> the company issued Monday announcing its contracts. Those facilities — two in the Central Valley town of McFarland and another in Adelanto — will add an additional 2,150 beds “as facility annexes,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re pleased to have been able to build on our long-standing partnership with ICE to help the agency meet its need for processing center beds in California, which comply with the Federal government’s performance-based national detention standards,” said George C. Zoley, GEO’s chairman and CEO, according to the press statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it expects the contracts to generate more than $200 million a year in revenue and support more than 1,200 jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the contracts come just days before a new state law takes effect, aimed at phasing out for-profit prisons and detention centers, federal authorities could enter into multi-million dollar contracts with private companies to continue jailing thousands of immigrants in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new California law, AB 32, is set to take effect Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California immigrant advocates said ICE is violating the spirit of that law and called on state officials to take action to block the deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These multi-billion dollar contracts represent the corrupt and illicit partnership between ICE, a rogue agency that feels it is above the law, and private corporations with a business model centered on locking up immigrants and people of color,” said Jackie Gonzalez, policy director for Immigrant Defense Advocates. “They have no place in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra’s office declined to comment on whether the attorney general was considering taking action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a separate critique, California’s two U.S. senators and 19 Democratic members of Congress raised their own concerns about ICE’s process to enter into detention contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Nov. 14 \u003ca href=\"https://www.harris.senate.gov/news/press-releases/harris-lofgren-nadler-lead-letter-questioning-ices-move-to-circumvent-ca-law-banning-private-detention-facilities-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to ICE, they wrote that the agency’s Oct. 16 “streamlined” solicitation and 15-year contract term could violate federal procurement laws, which are designed to protect taxpayer dollars by promoting competition among potential vendors, except under narrowly defined circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE has a history of consistently relying on the exceptions to full and open competition, raising concerns as to whether such contracts have been awarded in a proper manner,” wrote the lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about its latest solicitation for detention services in California, ICE spokeswoman Paige Hughes said the agency had followed the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE “remains compliant with federal contract and acquisition regulations as we advertise opportunity notices and subsequently implement the decision process,” said Hughes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"immigration-detention\"]The lawmakers also requested that, within 30 days, ICE provide them with documents related to the solicitation and any communications on AB 32, including messages between federal officials and the companies running ICE detention centers in California: GEO Group Inc; CoreCivic and Management & Training Corporation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this week, U.S. Sen. Kamala Harris (D-CA) and Rep. Zoe Lofgren (D-San Jose) had not yet received such information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Senator Harris will continue to monitor developments and determine potential next steps involving oversight work in the state,” said Meaghan Lynch, a spokeswoman for Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 32 bars for-profit companies from operating immigration detention facilities after their current contracts with ICE expire. The law also prohibits the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation from entering or renewing contracts with private corporations to run prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three for-profit immigration detention centers impacted by AB 32 — Adelanto, in the San Bernardino County town of Adelanto; Imperial Regional, in Calexico; and Mesa Verde, in Bakersfield — have contracts with ICE that end in 2020. The contract of a fourth facility, Otay Mesa, near San Diego, expires in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO Group and MTC did not immediately return requests for comment. A spokeswoman for CoreCivic said questions about contracts should be directed to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local communities in California, such as Adelanto, have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11440627/could-congress-and-california-thwart-trumps-mass-immigration-detention-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">long depended\u003c/a> on the tax revenue and hundreds of jobs generated by detention facilities. State lawmakers whose districts include the Adelanto ICE Processing Center and the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility did not return requests for comment about the new state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752856\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-800x539.jpg\" alt=\"A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his 'segregation cell' back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Facility on Nov. 15, 2013 in Adelanto, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"539\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1200x809.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his ‘segregation cell’ back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Facility on Nov. 15, 2013 in Adelanto, California. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As in previous statements by ICE officials, Hughes warned that AB 32 would likely result in the agency detaining California-based immigrants in other states, further away from their families and loved ones, and questioned the intent of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that a state law can bind the hands of a federal law enforcement agency managing a national network of detention facilities is wrong,” said Hughes. “Policy makers who strive to make it more difficult to remove dangerous criminal aliens and aim to stop the cooperation of local officials and business partners, harm the very communities whose welfare they have sworn to protect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jackie Gonzalez, co-founder of Immigrant Defense Advocates, said the law’s restriction on immigration detention could lead ICE to exercise its discretion and release more immigrants, such as those without criminal records, to await their court hearings at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-criminals accounted for the majority of ICE detentions between 2015 and 2018, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-20-36?utm_source=onepager&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email_hsj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Government Accountability Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rev. Deborah Lee, director of the Interfaith Movement for Human Integrity\"]‘The law to prohibit private prisons and detention centers is a critical step in our state to end the immoral profit-making off of human suffering.’[/pullquote]Gonzalez, who was involved in crafting AB 32, said the new law does not regulate ICE, and the federal government could still take over private detention facilities in the state and run them itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It bans all for-profit detention in the state of California in part because of the inhumane and dangerous conditions which permeate those facilities,” said Gonzalez. “The state has the right to regulate an industry particularly when it does so to protect the health, safety, and welfare of its residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between Oct. 2015 and June 2018, ICE inspectors found thousands of violations of the agency’s own detention standards at facilities throughout the country, including those run by private companies, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-02/OIG-19-18-Jan19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> earlier this year by the Office of the Inspector General at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of holding facilities accountable through financial penalties, ICE issued waivers to facilities with deficient conditions, seeking to exempt them from having to comply with certain detention standards,” reads the OIG report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday, faith leaders, legal service providers and former immigration detainees with the Dignity Not Detention coalition held candles and signs before ICE’s offices in San Francisco, calling for Gov. Newsom and Attorney General Becerra to defend AB 32.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law to prohibit private prisons and detention centers is a critical step in our state to end the immoral profit-making off of human suffering,” said Rev. Deborah Lee, who directs the Interfaith Movement for Human Integrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Immigration Editor Tyche Hendricks contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A statewide coalition of immigrant advocates is calling on Attorney General Xavier Becerra to sue ICE over what they see as an effort to circumvent a new state law aiming to phase-out privately run detention centers.",
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"title": "ICE Signs New For-Profit Detention Contracts Days Before California's Ban Begins | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6:30 p.m. Monday, Dec. 23\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has signed new long-term contracts with three private prison companies to operate — and expand — immigration detention in California. The deals, which were published on a federal procurement website late Friday evening, come just days before a new state law takes effect, outlawing for-profit prisons and immigration detention facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.fpds.gov/ezsearch/fpdsportal?s=FPDS.GOV&templateName=1.5.1&indexName=awardfull&q=70CDCR20R00000002\">contracts\u003c/a> total $6.5 billion and extend for as long as 15 years, much longer than typical immigration detention agreements. The three companies currently run four California detention centers for ICE, with a combined total of roughly 5,200 beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The full text of the new contracts was not publicly accessible, but here’s what we know. ICE entered into deals for “security guards and patrol services” as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$679 million with Management & Training Corp., for a facility in Calexico, where the company currently operates the Imperial Regional Detention Center;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$2.1 billion with Core Civic, Inc., for a facility in San Diego, where the company currently operates the Otay Mesa Detention Center;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$2.1 billion with GEO Group, Inc., for a facility in Adelanto (San Bernardino County), where the company currently operates the Adelanto ICE Processing Center;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.6 billion with GEO Group, Inc., for a facility in Bakersfield, where the company currently operates the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Center.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In addition, GEO Group’s contracts incorporate the use of three other California prisons it owns, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\">press release\u003c/a> the company issued Monday announcing its contracts. Those facilities — two in the Central Valley town of McFarland and another in Adelanto — will add an additional 2,150 beds “as facility annexes,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re pleased to have been able to build on our long-standing partnership with ICE to help the agency meet its need for processing center beds in California, which comply with the Federal government’s performance-based national detention standards,” said George C. Zoley, GEO’s chairman and CEO, according to the press statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it expects the contracts to generate more than $200 million a year in revenue and support more than 1,200 jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the contracts come just days before a new state law takes effect, aimed at phasing out for-profit prisons and detention centers, federal authorities could enter into multi-million dollar contracts with private companies to continue jailing thousands of immigrants in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new California law, AB 32, is set to take effect Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California immigrant advocates said ICE is violating the spirit of that law and called on state officials to take action to block the deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These multi-billion dollar contracts represent the corrupt and illicit partnership between ICE, a rogue agency that feels it is above the law, and private corporations with a business model centered on locking up immigrants and people of color,” said Jackie Gonzalez, policy director for Immigrant Defense Advocates. “They have no place in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra’s office declined to comment on whether the attorney general was considering taking action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a separate critique, California’s two U.S. senators and 19 Democratic members of Congress raised their own concerns about ICE’s process to enter into detention contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Nov. 14 \u003ca href=\"https://www.harris.senate.gov/news/press-releases/harris-lofgren-nadler-lead-letter-questioning-ices-move-to-circumvent-ca-law-banning-private-detention-facilities-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to ICE, they wrote that the agency’s Oct. 16 “streamlined” solicitation and 15-year contract term could violate federal procurement laws, which are designed to protect taxpayer dollars by promoting competition among potential vendors, except under narrowly defined circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE has a history of consistently relying on the exceptions to full and open competition, raising concerns as to whether such contracts have been awarded in a proper manner,” wrote the lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about its latest solicitation for detention services in California, ICE spokeswoman Paige Hughes said the agency had followed the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE “remains compliant with federal contract and acquisition regulations as we advertise opportunity notices and subsequently implement the decision process,” said Hughes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The lawmakers also requested that, within 30 days, ICE provide them with documents related to the solicitation and any communications on AB 32, including messages between federal officials and the companies running ICE detention centers in California: GEO Group Inc; CoreCivic and Management & Training Corporation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this week, U.S. Sen. Kamala Harris (D-CA) and Rep. Zoe Lofgren (D-San Jose) had not yet received such information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Senator Harris will continue to monitor developments and determine potential next steps involving oversight work in the state,” said Meaghan Lynch, a spokeswoman for Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 32 bars for-profit companies from operating immigration detention facilities after their current contracts with ICE expire. The law also prohibits the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation from entering or renewing contracts with private corporations to run prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three for-profit immigration detention centers impacted by AB 32 — Adelanto, in the San Bernardino County town of Adelanto; Imperial Regional, in Calexico; and Mesa Verde, in Bakersfield — have contracts with ICE that end in 2020. The contract of a fourth facility, Otay Mesa, near San Diego, expires in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO Group and MTC did not immediately return requests for comment. A spokeswoman for CoreCivic said questions about contracts should be directed to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local communities in California, such as Adelanto, have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11440627/could-congress-and-california-thwart-trumps-mass-immigration-detention-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">long depended\u003c/a> on the tax revenue and hundreds of jobs generated by detention facilities. State lawmakers whose districts include the Adelanto ICE Processing Center and the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility did not return requests for comment about the new state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752856\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-800x539.jpg\" alt=\"A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his 'segregation cell' back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Facility on Nov. 15, 2013 in Adelanto, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"539\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1200x809.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his ‘segregation cell’ back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Facility on Nov. 15, 2013 in Adelanto, California. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As in previous statements by ICE officials, Hughes warned that AB 32 would likely result in the agency detaining California-based immigrants in other states, further away from their families and loved ones, and questioned the intent of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that a state law can bind the hands of a federal law enforcement agency managing a national network of detention facilities is wrong,” said Hughes. “Policy makers who strive to make it more difficult to remove dangerous criminal aliens and aim to stop the cooperation of local officials and business partners, harm the very communities whose welfare they have sworn to protect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jackie Gonzalez, co-founder of Immigrant Defense Advocates, said the law’s restriction on immigration detention could lead ICE to exercise its discretion and release more immigrants, such as those without criminal records, to await their court hearings at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-criminals accounted for the majority of ICE detentions between 2015 and 2018, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-20-36?utm_source=onepager&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email_hsj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Government Accountability Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Gonzalez, who was involved in crafting AB 32, said the new law does not regulate ICE, and the federal government could still take over private detention facilities in the state and run them itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It bans all for-profit detention in the state of California in part because of the inhumane and dangerous conditions which permeate those facilities,” said Gonzalez. “The state has the right to regulate an industry particularly when it does so to protect the health, safety, and welfare of its residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between Oct. 2015 and June 2018, ICE inspectors found thousands of violations of the agency’s own detention standards at facilities throughout the country, including those run by private companies, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-02/OIG-19-18-Jan19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> earlier this year by the Office of the Inspector General at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of holding facilities accountable through financial penalties, ICE issued waivers to facilities with deficient conditions, seeking to exempt them from having to comply with certain detention standards,” reads the OIG report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday, faith leaders, legal service providers and former immigration detainees with the Dignity Not Detention coalition held candles and signs before ICE’s offices in San Francisco, calling for Gov. Newsom and Attorney General Becerra to defend AB 32.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law to prohibit private prisons and detention centers is a critical step in our state to end the immoral profit-making off of human suffering,” said Rev. Deborah Lee, who directs the Interfaith Movement for Human Integrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Immigration Editor Tyche Hendricks contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Family separations at the border. Anxiety and trauma in young people. Wildfires and power outages. The ever-present fear of the Big One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, we take a look at what you’ve been most interested in reading on KQED — and 2019’s list might initially strike you as a sobering one. Yet amid these serious topics, you also found time to read about personal health and wellness, why artists are underpaid and the very best places to find the ultimate dumpling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our most-read stories on KQED this year:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52994/how-to-help-teenage-girls-reframe-anxiety-and-strengthen-resilience\">How to Help Teenage Girls Reframe Anxiety and Strengthen Resilience\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED’s Mindshift blog (now also a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/mindshift\">podcast\u003c/a>) is consistently one of our most-visited, popular with educators and parents alike for its perspectives on the future of learning. This story from February — the most-read on our site in 2019 — explores how some degree of stress and anxiety is not only normal but essential for human growth, and how we can particularly help adolescent girls through life’s tough times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724799/family-separations-flourish-in-homeland-security-grey-area-despite-ban\">Family Separations Continue in Homeland Security ‘Gray Area’ Despite Ban\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFamily separation at the border was a major concern for KQED readers this year. This story from February reported how hundreds of migrant children have been separated from their parents — even after a federal judge ordered the Trump administration to stop the practice in June 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11722223/toddler-separated-from-family-at-border-is-returned-in-san-francisco\">Toddler Separated From Family at Border Reunited with Mom in San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nGiving a personal insight into how family separation impacts individual families, this affecting story detailed the Bay Area reunion between 23-year-old Sindy Ortiz Flores and her 18-month-old daughter, after the child was taken from her father near Calexico by U.S. Border Patrol agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11791863\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52881/why-mindfulness-and-trauma-informed-teaching-dont-always-go-together\">Why Mindfulness And Trauma-Informed Teaching Don’t Always Go Together\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMindfulness is a fast-growing trend and teachers are turning to the practice as a simple way to restore calm to the classroom — but that might not be as simple as it seems. This story explores how some of the ways mindfulness is practiced — sitting still, eyes closed, in silence — can also be triggers for students who have experienced trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949669/map-of-potential-power-shutoffs-in-northern-california-by-pge\">Map: Current PG&E Power Outages\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn October, the beleaguered utility began its historic shutoff program in an effort to prevent destructive fires, affecting millions of California residents — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11781060/pge-power-safety-shutoffs-could-continue-for-10-years-says-ceo\">PG&E says that’s just the start\u003c/a>. No wonder so many of you were interested in this map showing which areas would be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949911/map-of-the-kincade-fire-in-sonoma-county\">Map of Kincade Fire in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe Kincade Fire, which ignited outside Geyserville in October, destroyed many structures but thankfully took zero lives. Our map showed readers the fire perimeter, evacuation zones, road closures, emergency shelters and more, alongside \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\">a regularly updated list of fire resources from KQED News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A look at some other stories that were hugely popular on KQED this year:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The science stories you read most\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791865\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791865\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists say the Hayward Fault is due for another major earthquake. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\">Map: Here’s Your Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWith wildfires becoming California’s “new normal,” the potentially dangerous impact on air quality was clearly a priority for many of you in fire-adjacent areas. Our resources on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">how to protect yourself from smoke\u003c/a> were also viewed and shared many times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936949/do-little-quakes-mean-the-big-one-is-close-at-hand\">Do Little Earthquakes Mean the Big One Is Close at Hand?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis year brought us several disconcerting shakes, with each one making us think about the terrifying possibilities of a bigger earthquake hitting the Bay Area. It’s unsurprising, therefore, that so many of you wanted this question answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949019/its-about-time-how-to-get-ready-for-the-next-emergency\">Prepping for the Next Big Quake, One Hour a Day\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMore quake concerns: This time, you turned to KQED Science’s comprehensive guide to prepping your family and your home for a potential major emergency. From evacuation planning to earthquake kits and home improvement, there’s never a bad time to read this guide. Seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The arts and culture cuts you loved\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792018\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 801px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11792018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak.png 801w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak-160x102.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak-800x508.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In our interview, rapper Keak Da Sneak worried that California correctional facilities have little compassion for inmates with disabilities. \u003ccite>(Joel Galvan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13849409/keak-da-sneak-heads-to-prison-no-compassion-for-disabilities-he-says\">Keak Da Sneak Heads to Prison; ‘No Compassion’ for Disabilities, He Says\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLongtime Bay Area hip-hop fixture Keak Da Sneak was left disabled by a 2017 shooting that placed him in critical condition. In this interview he detailed his concern about the medical care he would receive during his upcoming prison sentence for firearm possession. After KQED broke the story, the rapper’s sentence was delayed: A decision his manager attributed in part to the coverage this story led to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13857471/artist-passion-exploitation-duke-study\">Why Do Employers Lowball Creatives? A New Study Has Answers\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Artists being asked to work for “exposure” is a long-running complaint in the creative industry — but what if their passion for their craft was actually being used as a justification for their exploitation? We \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13853392/working-for-exposure-audience-survey\">heard from many of you\u003c/a> who read this and shared your experiences, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13865555/thirty-seconds-to-mars-jared-leto-started-a-cult-because-of-course-he-did\">Thirty Seconds to Mars’ Jared Leto Started a Cult—Because of Course He Did\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOne of the frankly weirder stories on our site in 2019, this deep dive into actor and musician Jared Leto’s band Thirty Seconds to Mars and their increasingly cultish activities surrounding their fan communities continues to be one of our most-read articles. When, it wonders, does fan devotion begin to resemble something more disconcerting?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The food stories you ate up\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791868\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791868\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1020\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625-800x490.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What are the best dumplings around the Bay Area? Our list investigated. \u003ccite>(Min Jing/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/134814/a-guide-to-the-bay-areas-favorite-dumplings\">Are These the Best Dumpling Spots in the Bay Area?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/guides-2\">food guides\u003c/a> are some of the most popular pages on our website, and this list of top-notch dumpling restaurants around the Bay Area was no exception. But…did we include your favorite?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/130967/5-bay-area-coffee-shops-you-should-visit-before-they-disappear\">5 Bay Area Coffee Shops You Should Visit Before They Disappear \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA high turnover of beloved cafes, restaurants and bars is one of the Bay Area’s more sobering economic realities, making it no surprise this guide — which celebrates old-fashioned diners — struck a chord with you all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/135303/eat-drink-like-youre-in-the-1920s-two-nights-a-week\">Eat & Drink Like You’re in the 1920s, Two Nights a Week\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSince we’re headed into the 20s (again), it’s perhaps fitting how many of you wanted to read about this 1920s-style spot in San Jose, which boasts an invisible ragtime orchestra and an authentic soda fountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The most popular Forum interviews\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11791869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"804\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture.png 804w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture-160x93.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture-800x464.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101869165/ucsfs-dean-ornish-on-how-to-undo-chronic-diseases\">UCSF’s Dean Ornish on How to ‘Undo’ Chronic Diseases\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAlthough interviews with experts are the backbone of our morning call-in show, health and wellness was a clear theme in 2019 — as evidenced by your interest in this interview with the founder of UCSF’s Preventive Medicine Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101869290/mary-pipher-celebrates-power-of-older-women-in-women-who-row-north\">Mary Pipher Celebrates Power of Older Women in ‘Women Who Row North’\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBest-known for her 1994 bestseller “Reviving Ophelia,” examining the societal pressures on adolescent girls, this interview with author Mary Pipher explores how women contend with aging in a society that often values them less as they get older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101873734/a-doctors-quest-to-heal-her-mysterious-chronic-illness\">A Doctor’s Quest to Heal Her Mysterious, Chronic Illness\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCynthia Li was a successful doctor in her 30s when an autoimmune disease torpedoed her health, with mysterious symptoms that baffled her doctors. She joined us to explain her long journey to understanding her condition and rethinking the way medicine is practiced.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Family separations at the border. Anxiety and trauma in young people. Wildfires and power outages. The ever-present fear of the Big One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, we take a look at what you’ve been most interested in reading on KQED — and 2019’s list might initially strike you as a sobering one. Yet amid these serious topics, you also found time to read about personal health and wellness, why artists are underpaid and the very best places to find the ultimate dumpling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our most-read stories on KQED this year:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52994/how-to-help-teenage-girls-reframe-anxiety-and-strengthen-resilience\">How to Help Teenage Girls Reframe Anxiety and Strengthen Resilience\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED’s Mindshift blog (now also a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/mindshift\">podcast\u003c/a>) is consistently one of our most-visited, popular with educators and parents alike for its perspectives on the future of learning. This story from February — the most-read on our site in 2019 — explores how some degree of stress and anxiety is not only normal but essential for human growth, and how we can particularly help adolescent girls through life’s tough times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724799/family-separations-flourish-in-homeland-security-grey-area-despite-ban\">Family Separations Continue in Homeland Security ‘Gray Area’ Despite Ban\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFamily separation at the border was a major concern for KQED readers this year. This story from February reported how hundreds of migrant children have been separated from their parents — even after a federal judge ordered the Trump administration to stop the practice in June 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11722223/toddler-separated-from-family-at-border-is-returned-in-san-francisco\">Toddler Separated From Family at Border Reunited with Mom in San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nGiving a personal insight into how family separation impacts individual families, this affecting story detailed the Bay Area reunion between 23-year-old Sindy Ortiz Flores and her 18-month-old daughter, after the child was taken from her father near Calexico by U.S. Border Patrol agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11791863\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52881/why-mindfulness-and-trauma-informed-teaching-dont-always-go-together\">Why Mindfulness And Trauma-Informed Teaching Don’t Always Go Together\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMindfulness is a fast-growing trend and teachers are turning to the practice as a simple way to restore calm to the classroom — but that might not be as simple as it seems. This story explores how some of the ways mindfulness is practiced — sitting still, eyes closed, in silence — can also be triggers for students who have experienced trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949669/map-of-potential-power-shutoffs-in-northern-california-by-pge\">Map: Current PG&E Power Outages\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn October, the beleaguered utility began its historic shutoff program in an effort to prevent destructive fires, affecting millions of California residents — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11781060/pge-power-safety-shutoffs-could-continue-for-10-years-says-ceo\">PG&E says that’s just the start\u003c/a>. No wonder so many of you were interested in this map showing which areas would be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949911/map-of-the-kincade-fire-in-sonoma-county\">Map of Kincade Fire in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe Kincade Fire, which ignited outside Geyserville in October, destroyed many structures but thankfully took zero lives. Our map showed readers the fire perimeter, evacuation zones, road closures, emergency shelters and more, alongside \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\">a regularly updated list of fire resources from KQED News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A look at some other stories that were hugely popular on KQED this year:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The science stories you read most\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791865\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791865\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists say the Hayward Fault is due for another major earthquake. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\">Map: Here’s Your Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWith wildfires becoming California’s “new normal,” the potentially dangerous impact on air quality was clearly a priority for many of you in fire-adjacent areas. Our resources on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">how to protect yourself from smoke\u003c/a> were also viewed and shared many times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936949/do-little-quakes-mean-the-big-one-is-close-at-hand\">Do Little Earthquakes Mean the Big One Is Close at Hand?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis year brought us several disconcerting shakes, with each one making us think about the terrifying possibilities of a bigger earthquake hitting the Bay Area. It’s unsurprising, therefore, that so many of you wanted this question answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949019/its-about-time-how-to-get-ready-for-the-next-emergency\">Prepping for the Next Big Quake, One Hour a Day\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMore quake concerns: This time, you turned to KQED Science’s comprehensive guide to prepping your family and your home for a potential major emergency. From evacuation planning to earthquake kits and home improvement, there’s never a bad time to read this guide. Seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The arts and culture cuts you loved\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792018\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 801px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11792018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak.png 801w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak-160x102.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak-800x508.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In our interview, rapper Keak Da Sneak worried that California correctional facilities have little compassion for inmates with disabilities. \u003ccite>(Joel Galvan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13849409/keak-da-sneak-heads-to-prison-no-compassion-for-disabilities-he-says\">Keak Da Sneak Heads to Prison; ‘No Compassion’ for Disabilities, He Says\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLongtime Bay Area hip-hop fixture Keak Da Sneak was left disabled by a 2017 shooting that placed him in critical condition. In this interview he detailed his concern about the medical care he would receive during his upcoming prison sentence for firearm possession. After KQED broke the story, the rapper’s sentence was delayed: A decision his manager attributed in part to the coverage this story led to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13857471/artist-passion-exploitation-duke-study\">Why Do Employers Lowball Creatives? A New Study Has Answers\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Artists being asked to work for “exposure” is a long-running complaint in the creative industry — but what if their passion for their craft was actually being used as a justification for their exploitation? We \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13853392/working-for-exposure-audience-survey\">heard from many of you\u003c/a> who read this and shared your experiences, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13865555/thirty-seconds-to-mars-jared-leto-started-a-cult-because-of-course-he-did\">Thirty Seconds to Mars’ Jared Leto Started a Cult—Because of Course He Did\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOne of the frankly weirder stories on our site in 2019, this deep dive into actor and musician Jared Leto’s band Thirty Seconds to Mars and their increasingly cultish activities surrounding their fan communities continues to be one of our most-read articles. When, it wonders, does fan devotion begin to resemble something more disconcerting?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The food stories you ate up\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791868\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791868\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1020\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625-800x490.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What are the best dumplings around the Bay Area? Our list investigated. \u003ccite>(Min Jing/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/134814/a-guide-to-the-bay-areas-favorite-dumplings\">Are These the Best Dumpling Spots in the Bay Area?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/guides-2\">food guides\u003c/a> are some of the most popular pages on our website, and this list of top-notch dumpling restaurants around the Bay Area was no exception. But…did we include your favorite?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/130967/5-bay-area-coffee-shops-you-should-visit-before-they-disappear\">5 Bay Area Coffee Shops You Should Visit Before They Disappear \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA high turnover of beloved cafes, restaurants and bars is one of the Bay Area’s more sobering economic realities, making it no surprise this guide — which celebrates old-fashioned diners — struck a chord with you all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/135303/eat-drink-like-youre-in-the-1920s-two-nights-a-week\">Eat & Drink Like You’re in the 1920s, Two Nights a Week\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSince we’re headed into the 20s (again), it’s perhaps fitting how many of you wanted to read about this 1920s-style spot in San Jose, which boasts an invisible ragtime orchestra and an authentic soda fountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The most popular Forum interviews\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11791869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"804\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture.png 804w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture-160x93.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture-800x464.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101869165/ucsfs-dean-ornish-on-how-to-undo-chronic-diseases\">UCSF’s Dean Ornish on How to ‘Undo’ Chronic Diseases\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAlthough interviews with experts are the backbone of our morning call-in show, health and wellness was a clear theme in 2019 — as evidenced by your interest in this interview with the founder of UCSF’s Preventive Medicine Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101869290/mary-pipher-celebrates-power-of-older-women-in-women-who-row-north\">Mary Pipher Celebrates Power of Older Women in ‘Women Who Row North’\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBest-known for her 1994 bestseller “Reviving Ophelia,” examining the societal pressures on adolescent girls, this interview with author Mary Pipher explores how women contend with aging in a society that often values them less as they get older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Maria Isabel Bueso and her family have waited months to learn whether they could stay in the country. Bueso has lived in the Bay Area for 16 years under a special immigration status in order to get treatment for a rare genetic disease. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11771386/advocating-for-my-own-life-bay-area-woman-getting-lifesaving-care-faces-deportation\">In August\u003c/a>, she received a letter from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services demanding that she leave the country. But Bueso became a leading advocate on behalf of hundreds of immigrants who received similar letters, and her story highlighted the harm of President Trump’s sweeping immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on Dec. 6, Bueso \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790433/concord-woman-with-rare-disease-granted-reprieve-from-deportation\">got word\u003c/a> that she can stay in the U.S. for at least two more years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guest: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/FaridaJhabvala\">Farida Jhabvala Romero\u003c/a>, KQED immigration reporter\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"c-message_actions__container c-message__actions\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Message actions\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Immigrant advocates sued the Trump administration Tuesday for ending a free hotline that allowed detained immigrants to report concerns about custody conditions after it was featured on the show “Orange Is the New Black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit group \u003ca href=\"https://www.freedomforimmigrants.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Freedom for Immigrants\u003c/a>, which has run the hotline since 2013 with a free phone line provided by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, sued in federal court in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit alleged that the administration yanked the hotline in August after it was featured on the Netflix show, which drew attention to the group’s criticism of detention conditions for immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They cannot shut down this hotline in retaliation for the fact they don’t like what Freedom for Immigrants is saying,” said Moez Kaba, a partner at Hueston Hennigan, which is representing the group. “And they can’t shut down the hotline because they want to prevent Freedom for Immigrants from saying it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration and Customs Enforcement declined to comment on the lawsuit but said the hotline was removed last year from a list of pro bono legal service providers that immigrants can call for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"immigrant-detention-centers\" label=\"Related coverage\"]At the time, the agency notified the group that it had been misusing the hotline, said Bryan Cox, an ICE spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The line was not monitored or recorded so immigrants could find and speak with lawyers, but the group was using it for three-way calling to connect detainees to family, Cox said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency had provided the hotline after a request from the nonprofit and a group of volunteers in Florida who had visited detained immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants in detention centers were then allowed to call for free, enabling the group — which also runs visitation programs at facilities across the country — to monitor custody conditions and help reconnect detainees with loved ones separated at the border, the lawsuit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was also helpful for immigrants to remain in contact with hotline operators as the immigrants were transferred across multiple facilities, especially if they didn’t have family or friends nearby, the suit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hotline received between 600 and 14,500 calls per month, according to the lawsuit. It was limited to use at detention facilities in Florida in 2018 and was shut down entirely in August 2019, the group said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At the time, the agency notified the group that it had been misusing the hotline, said Bryan Cox, an ICE spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The line was not monitored or recorded so immigrants could find and speak with lawyers, but the group was using it for three-way calling to connect detainees to family, Cox said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency had provided the hotline after a request from the nonprofit and a group of volunteers in Florida who had visited detained immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants in detention centers were then allowed to call for free, enabling the group — which also runs visitation programs at facilities across the country — to monitor custody conditions and help reconnect detainees with loved ones separated at the border, the lawsuit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was also helpful for immigrants to remain in contact with hotline operators as the immigrants were transferred across multiple facilities, especially if they didn’t have family or friends nearby, the suit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hotline received between 600 and 14,500 calls per month, according to the lawsuit. It was limited to use at detention facilities in Florida in 2018 and was shut down entirely in August 2019, the group said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"soldout": {
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