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"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco Thursday allowed a pair of cases to move ahead that challenge the U.S. government’s approach to issuing visa waivers under the Trump administration's travel ban on citizens of several Muslim-majority countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visa applicants from countries like Syria and Iran say the U.S. government’s decisions — including many denials — are taking place in a black hole, with long delays and little transparency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me, it seems like the waiver is just not really there,\" Fereshteh Abbasi said. \"Or if it's there, it's so inefficient.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbasi, an Iranian national, attended the hearing Thursday to show her solidarity with the plaintiffs in the cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was outside of the United States when the travel ban went into effect and endured a grueling, two-year wait before she was allowed to return to her American husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We kept emailing, and we'd get one sentence backing saying, 'your application is going through administrative processing. We cannot anticipate how long it will take,' \" Abbasi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took several thousand dollars in lawyers' fees and the involvement of the couple's congressman, before they were reunited, Abbasi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the plaintiffs in the two cases — \u003ca href=\"https://dockets.justia.com/docket/california/candce/3:2018cv01587/323833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emami v. Nielsen\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://dockets.justia.com/docket/california/candce/3:2018cv07818/336673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pars Equality Center v. Pompeo\u003c/a> — say the U.S. government has failed to provide adequate information clarifying its processes for issuing or denying visas to the roughly 50,000 applicants from banned Muslim-majority countries who are attempting to obtain the right to visit the U.S. under the waiver program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 6% of these applicants have been cleared for visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a capricious process; it's an arbitrary process,\" said Esther Sung, a lawyer from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Immigration Law Center\u003c/a> representing plaintiffs in the Pars Equality Center case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='More Immigration Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The so-called travel ban bars entry to the United States for most citizens of several majority Muslim countries — Iran, Libya, Somalia, Syria and Yemen — as well as citizens of North Korea and some Venezuelan government officials and their family members. The 2017 presidential proclamation was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court last year, after two previous attempts at a similar ban were struck down by the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hearing Thursday, U.S. District Judge James Donato allowed the plaintiffs' lawyers to go ahead and outline what information they need from the U.S. government in order to pursue their cases, thus rejecting a move by federal lawyers to have the cases thrown out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking outside the courthouse after the hearing, Sirine Shebaya, a \u003ca href=\"https://muslimadvocates.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Muslim Advocates\u003c/a> lawyer representing plaintiffs in the Emami v. Nielsen case, said it's hard to predict how long these types of cases might take to reach a resolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could take anywhere from six months to a year to get fully resolved,\" Shebaya said. \"In the meantime, we are able to continue holding the government accountable, so that there is transparency and an ability to see behind the veil that they've been using to shield this process from view.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice lawyer representing the government at the courthouse, August Flentje, told KQED he did not wish to comment on the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge said he plans to issue a decision in September about how much information federal officials must provide to the plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco Thursday allowed a pair of cases to move ahead that challenge the U.S. government’s approach to issuing visa waivers under the Trump administration's travel ban on citizens of several Muslim-majority countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visa applicants from countries like Syria and Iran say the U.S. government’s decisions — including many denials — are taking place in a black hole, with long delays and little transparency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me, it seems like the waiver is just not really there,\" Fereshteh Abbasi said. \"Or if it's there, it's so inefficient.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbasi, an Iranian national, attended the hearing Thursday to show her solidarity with the plaintiffs in the cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was outside of the United States when the travel ban went into effect and endured a grueling, two-year wait before she was allowed to return to her American husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We kept emailing, and we'd get one sentence backing saying, 'your application is going through administrative processing. We cannot anticipate how long it will take,' \" Abbasi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took several thousand dollars in lawyers' fees and the involvement of the couple's congressman, before they were reunited, Abbasi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the plaintiffs in the two cases — \u003ca href=\"https://dockets.justia.com/docket/california/candce/3:2018cv01587/323833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emami v. Nielsen\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://dockets.justia.com/docket/california/candce/3:2018cv07818/336673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pars Equality Center v. Pompeo\u003c/a> — say the U.S. government has failed to provide adequate information clarifying its processes for issuing or denying visas to the roughly 50,000 applicants from banned Muslim-majority countries who are attempting to obtain the right to visit the U.S. under the waiver program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 6% of these applicants have been cleared for visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a capricious process; it's an arbitrary process,\" said Esther Sung, a lawyer from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Immigration Law Center\u003c/a> representing plaintiffs in the Pars Equality Center case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The so-called travel ban bars entry to the United States for most citizens of several majority Muslim countries — Iran, Libya, Somalia, Syria and Yemen — as well as citizens of North Korea and some Venezuelan government officials and their family members. The 2017 presidential proclamation was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court last year, after two previous attempts at a similar ban were struck down by the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hearing Thursday, U.S. District Judge James Donato allowed the plaintiffs' lawyers to go ahead and outline what information they need from the U.S. government in order to pursue their cases, thus rejecting a move by federal lawyers to have the cases thrown out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking outside the courthouse after the hearing, Sirine Shebaya, a \u003ca href=\"https://muslimadvocates.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Muslim Advocates\u003c/a> lawyer representing plaintiffs in the Emami v. Nielsen case, said it's hard to predict how long these types of cases might take to reach a resolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could take anywhere from six months to a year to get fully resolved,\" Shebaya said. \"In the meantime, we are able to continue holding the government accountable, so that there is transparency and an ability to see behind the veil that they've been using to shield this process from view.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice lawyer representing the government at the courthouse, August Flentje, told KQED he did not wish to comment on the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge said he plans to issue a decision in September about how much information federal officials must provide to the plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Do You Speak Mam? Growth of Oakland’s Guatemalan Community Sparks Interest in Indigenous Language",
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"content": "\u003cp>A handful of adults at an Oakland community college practiced how to say “good afternoon” in Mam, a Mayan language spoken in the western highlands of Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After teacher Henry Sales, a native Mam speaker, wrote “Qal te tiy” on a white board, students took turns repeating the words slowly after him: “Qaaaal te tiy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning even a few words in Mam has already helped Mirtha Ninayahuar break the ice with children at a Sunday preschool where she volunteers. Most of her students speak only Mam, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want them to hear me speak Mam so they see that I’m trying hard to learn a different language because that’s what they are doing,” said Ninayahuar, a retired utility worker. “And even the parents, too. If I greet them in Mam, they smile and I think they feel that I care more about them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s Mam population is estimated at several thousand and growing, as an exodus of Guatemalan migrants fleeing violence and crushing poverty continues to head north. They are joining relatives and friends — from San Juan Atitan, Todos Santos, Santiago Chimaltenango and other rural Guatemalan towns — and meeting on the streets of East Oakland, say several Mam residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the number of students who speak the language in Oakland schools has skyrocketed. And some government agencies and nonprofit organizations have hired Mam speakers to better interact with the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demand for Mam interpreters continues to grow, said Arturo Davila, a Spanish professor at Laney College who coordinates the Latinx Cultural Center where the Mam language class meets. Davila said the center gets requests for Mam interpreters and translators for legal aid and health clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As there are so many newcomers, they're having a great need to serve those people, and what they have found out is that they don't speak Spanish necessarily,” Davila said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763381\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11763381\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tessa Scott (left), Gladiola Aguilar, Mirtha Ninayahuar and Arturo Davila take a Mam class in Oakland on April 13, 2019. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The language lessons at Laney aim to help bridge communication gaps with Mam newcomers who sometimes are not fluent in English or Spanish. The majority of people taking the class are elementary and high school teachers who’ve seen more Mam kids in their classrooms, said Sales, the Mam language instructor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to help the community, that’s the priority. And they want to learn about us,” said 25-year-old Sales, who is a local library aide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11763462' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also works as an interpreter at immigration courts, where Mam became one of the top 10 languages used during hearings, according to U.S. Department of Justice statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the U.S.-Mexico border, Guatemalans represent a third of the 781,000 people arrested by immigration authorities since October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Oakland Unified School District, Guatemala surpassed Mexico as the top country of origin for students who have lived in the U.S. less than three years. Since 2016, the number of students who report speaking Mam at home has doubled to about 1,130, according to district officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that number does not include dozens of charter schools in the city, so the Mam student population is likely much greater, said Nicole Knight, who directs OUSD’s English Learner and Multilingual Achievement office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The teachers and principals are just grappling with what is the best way to support students, not just because of their language needs, but many students are coming very heavily impacted by trauma, and with interrupted schooling,” Knight said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763386\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11763386\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mirtha Ninayahuar writes notes during a Mam language class at Laney College in Oakland on April 13, 2019. Ninayahuar volunteers at a Sunday school where most of the children speak only Mam. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sales arrived in Oakland at age 17 after his parents, who had moved to the city years before, successfully petitioned to get a green card for him, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adapting to a completely new urban environment and learning English from scratch with other recently arrived immigrants at Oakland International High School was very difficult, said Sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I almost gave up,” he said. “But my parents kept telling me — even though they never went to school — ‘just do your best and ... one day you will succeed and you will teach others.’ That really motivated me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first waves of Mam Guatemalans began arriving in Oakland in the 1980s during that country’s bloody civil war. Many were displaced by the Guatemalan army’s counterinsurgency operations that killed hundreds of thousands of civilians and destroyed highlands villages, according to Susanne Jonas, a retired lecturer at UC Santa Cruz who co-wrote the book “Guatemala-U.S. Migration: Transforming Regions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term Oakland resident Francisco Pablo Matias, a Mam interpreter and outreach worker at the nonprofit Street Level Health Project, remembers soldiers streaming into his town of Todos Santos when he was a young man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Soldiers came to kill us, to beat us, to kick us out,” said Matias in Spanish, adding that the violence was coupled with deep-seated discrimination against indigenous people in Guatemala. “The government there doesn’t defend us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He left the potato fields he worked at in Todos Santos in 1984 and made his way to the Bay Area, where he heard from friends who had escaped Guatemala’s civil war. They told Matias that there was a greater chance of fixing their immigration status here compared to other parts of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My countrymen here were already winning political asylum,” said Matias, whose friends in Oakland referred him to an attorney that helped him win his asylum claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11763388\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Francisco Pablo Matias, a Mam outreach worker for Street Level Health Project, attends a meeting at the organization's headquarters in Oakland's Fruitvale neighborhood on May 21, 2019. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood, Mam families with young children are often seen walking along International Boulevard wearing traditional, hand-woven Mayan skirts and blouses, which can now be purchased at stores in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While newcomers struggle with steep housing costs and navigating through work and city services, Sales said in some ways Mam people are finding Oakland more accepting of their indigenous culture than their home country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He learned more about the history of Mam people in Guatemala while attending high school in Oakland, he said. And he wants to help other Mam immigrants be proud of their language and cultural heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Sales organized a free event open to the public in May, featuring traditional Mam dances, art and food to show others their culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love connecting communities,” he said. “Now that I'm here I understand my rights and I understand who we are, and I’ll teach anyone that wants to learn the language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Dream series is a statewide media collaboration of CalMatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio, with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/CADreamBanner-1-800x219.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11759951\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/CADreamBanner-1-800x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/CADreamBanner-1-800x219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/CADreamBanner-1-800x219-160x44.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The city's Mam population is estimated at several thousand and counting, as an exodus of Guatemalan migrants fleeing violence and crushing poverty continues to head north. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A handful of adults at an Oakland community college practiced how to say “good afternoon” in Mam, a Mayan language spoken in the western highlands of Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After teacher Henry Sales, a native Mam speaker, wrote “Qal te tiy” on a white board, students took turns repeating the words slowly after him: “Qaaaal te tiy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning even a few words in Mam has already helped Mirtha Ninayahuar break the ice with children at a Sunday preschool where she volunteers. Most of her students speak only Mam, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want them to hear me speak Mam so they see that I’m trying hard to learn a different language because that’s what they are doing,” said Ninayahuar, a retired utility worker. “And even the parents, too. If I greet them in Mam, they smile and I think they feel that I care more about them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s Mam population is estimated at several thousand and growing, as an exodus of Guatemalan migrants fleeing violence and crushing poverty continues to head north. They are joining relatives and friends — from San Juan Atitan, Todos Santos, Santiago Chimaltenango and other rural Guatemalan towns — and meeting on the streets of East Oakland, say several Mam residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the number of students who speak the language in Oakland schools has skyrocketed. And some government agencies and nonprofit organizations have hired Mam speakers to better interact with the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demand for Mam interpreters continues to grow, said Arturo Davila, a Spanish professor at Laney College who coordinates the Latinx Cultural Center where the Mam language class meets. Davila said the center gets requests for Mam interpreters and translators for legal aid and health clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As there are so many newcomers, they're having a great need to serve those people, and what they have found out is that they don't speak Spanish necessarily,” Davila said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763381\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11763381\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38143_alt_876-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tessa Scott (left), Gladiola Aguilar, Mirtha Ninayahuar and Arturo Davila take a Mam class in Oakland on April 13, 2019. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The language lessons at Laney aim to help bridge communication gaps with Mam newcomers who sometimes are not fluent in English or Spanish. The majority of people taking the class are elementary and high school teachers who’ve seen more Mam kids in their classrooms, said Sales, the Mam language instructor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to help the community, that’s the priority. And they want to learn about us,” said 25-year-old Sales, who is a local library aide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also works as an interpreter at immigration courts, where Mam became one of the top 10 languages used during hearings, according to U.S. Department of Justice statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the U.S.-Mexico border, Guatemalans represent a third of the 781,000 people arrested by immigration authorities since October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Oakland Unified School District, Guatemala surpassed Mexico as the top country of origin for students who have lived in the U.S. less than three years. Since 2016, the number of students who report speaking Mam at home has doubled to about 1,130, according to district officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that number does not include dozens of charter schools in the city, so the Mam student population is likely much greater, said Nicole Knight, who directs OUSD’s English Learner and Multilingual Achievement office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The teachers and principals are just grappling with what is the best way to support students, not just because of their language needs, but many students are coming very heavily impacted by trauma, and with interrupted schooling,” Knight said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763386\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11763386\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38135_alt_875-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mirtha Ninayahuar writes notes during a Mam language class at Laney College in Oakland on April 13, 2019. Ninayahuar volunteers at a Sunday school where most of the children speak only Mam. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sales arrived in Oakland at age 17 after his parents, who had moved to the city years before, successfully petitioned to get a green card for him, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adapting to a completely new urban environment and learning English from scratch with other recently arrived immigrants at Oakland International High School was very difficult, said Sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I almost gave up,” he said. “But my parents kept telling me — even though they never went to school — ‘just do your best and ... one day you will succeed and you will teach others.’ That really motivated me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first waves of Mam Guatemalans began arriving in Oakland in the 1980s during that country’s bloody civil war. Many were displaced by the Guatemalan army’s counterinsurgency operations that killed hundreds of thousands of civilians and destroyed highlands villages, according to Susanne Jonas, a retired lecturer at UC Santa Cruz who co-wrote the book “Guatemala-U.S. Migration: Transforming Regions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term Oakland resident Francisco Pablo Matias, a Mam interpreter and outreach worker at the nonprofit Street Level Health Project, remembers soldiers streaming into his town of Todos Santos when he was a young man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Soldiers came to kill us, to beat us, to kick us out,” said Matias in Spanish, adding that the violence was coupled with deep-seated discrimination against indigenous people in Guatemala. “The government there doesn’t defend us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He left the potato fields he worked at in Todos Santos in 1984 and made his way to the Bay Area, where he heard from friends who had escaped Guatemala’s civil war. They told Matias that there was a greater chance of fixing their immigration status here compared to other parts of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My countrymen here were already winning political asylum,” said Matias, whose friends in Oakland referred him to an attorney that helped him win his asylum claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11763388\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38144_IMG_0977-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Francisco Pablo Matias, a Mam outreach worker for Street Level Health Project, attends a meeting at the organization's headquarters in Oakland's Fruitvale neighborhood on May 21, 2019. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood, Mam families with young children are often seen walking along International Boulevard wearing traditional, hand-woven Mayan skirts and blouses, which can now be purchased at stores in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While newcomers struggle with steep housing costs and navigating through work and city services, Sales said in some ways Mam people are finding Oakland more accepting of their indigenous culture than their home country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He learned more about the history of Mam people in Guatemala while attending high school in Oakland, he said. And he wants to help other Mam immigrants be proud of their language and cultural heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Sales organized a free event open to the public in May, featuring traditional Mam dances, art and food to show others their culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love connecting communities,” he said. “Now that I'm here I understand my rights and I understand who we are, and I’ll teach anyone that wants to learn the language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Dream series is a statewide media collaboration of CalMatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio, with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Migrants Sent Back by US Dumped in Monterrey, Mexico",
"title": "Migrants Sent Back by US Dumped in Monterrey, Mexico",
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"content": "\u003cp>The bus carrying dozens of Central Americans from the Texas border arrived in the northern Mexican city of Monterrey late at night and pulled up next to the station. Men and women disembarked with children in their arms or staggering sleepily by their sides, looked around fearfully and wondered what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had thought they were being taken to a shelter where they could live, look for work and go to school. Instead they found themselves in a bustling metropolis of over 4 million people, dropped off on a street across from sleazy nightclubs and cabarets with signs advertising \"dancers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press witnessed several such busloads in recent days carrying at least 450 Hondurans, Guatemalans and Salvadorans from Nuevo Laredo, bordering Laredo, Texas, to Monterrey, where they have been left to fend for themselves with no support in finding housing, work or schooling for children, who appear to make up about half the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11762786' label='immigration']Mexico has received some 20,000 asylum seekers returned to await U.S. immigration court dates under the program colloquially known as “remain in Mexico.” But there had been no sign of such large-scale moving of people away from the border before now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a request for comment, Mexico's National Immigration Institute, or INM for its initials in Spanish, said in a two-paragraph statement that the agency cooperates with consular authorities and all levels of government to attend to returnees. It said Mexico abides by international law and is working to upgrade shelters and immigration facilities “to improve the conditions in which migrants await their processes in national territory.” The INM did not address specific questions about the AP’s findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maximiliano Reyes, deputy foreign relations secretary, acknowledged last week that migrants were being removed from Nuevo Laredo and said it was for their own safety. He did not explain why they were dropped off in Monterrey or provide any further details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuevo Laredo is located in the state of Tamaulipas, a region plagued by violence and drug cartels, so much so that the U.S. State Department warns against all travel there due to kidnappings and other crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clearly important to move people out of very dangerous Mexican border towns,” said Maureen Meyer, an immigration expert at the Washington Office on Latin America, which advocates for human rights in the region. “But simply busing them somewhere else without any guidance on what’s awaiting them and without having the services available to house asylum-seekers and support them, the Mexican government’s really exposing them to further risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This account is based on in-person interviews with more than 20 migrants who made the two-hour, 130-mile journey south to Monterrey in the week since the new practice began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Jazmin Desir']'They have abandoned us here to get rid of us.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike asylum-seekers who wait in line for months to file claims in the U.S. and are then sent back, all those taken to Monterrey who spoke with the AP said they had crossed illegally and spent several days in U.S. detention centers before being returned with a court date. Some said they had not asked for asylum but rather to be returned to their home countries, but were told that going to Mexico or continued detention were the only options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know why they gave me this [court date] paper when I didn’t ask for it,” said Antonio Herrera, a Honduran policeman, explaining that he had asked U.S. immigration officials to deport him because his 7-year-old daughter was ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Javier Ochoa, who was with his 16-year-old son, did try to request asylum because the boy would be in danger back home for his participation in anti-government protests. He said he was not allowed to make his case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t interview us,” Ochoa said. “Just sign, like it or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The migrants AP spoke to said that U.S. authorities had told them Mexico would offer them work, schooling and health care while they waited. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigrant-detention' label='More Immigration Coverage']President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has promised to provide those things, but the reality in Nuevo Laredo turned out to be different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The returnees were met at the crossing by Mexican immigration officials who handed them documents presumably allowing them to work and move about the country. Without further explanation they were then loaded at an immigration station parking lot onto buses with the logos of private companies with charter contracts with the INM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The migrants were not forced to make the journey but said they didn’t see any other option. They know the dangers in Tamaulipas, where organized crime groups have been known to extort, kidnap and kill vulnerable migrants. In 2010, 72 migrants were massacred in the town of San Fernando.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Monterrey they found a big, unfamiliar city where, unbeknownst to them, shelters were already overflowing, and it quickly became clear they’d have to make do as best they could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some asked the bus driver for advice on where to go. Others asked locals to borrow cellphones to beseech relatives for money or call their “coyotes,” or smugglers, to try to cross illegally again into the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have abandoned us here to get rid of us,” said Jazmin Desir, sitting on the floor of the bus terminal surrounded by her four sleeping children. The hair stylist and her husband, a mechanic, were waiting for relatives to send money for them to get back to Honduras, which they figured would take two years to pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within a half-hour only a handful remained at the terminal. The rest had melted away into the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two days later, with money wired from relatives, a group hired a bus to take them to the southern city of Tapachula, near Guatemala. From there they would make their way home — essentially self-deporting at their own expense, about $100 each for the 1,000-mile (1,700-kilometer) journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After suffering so much, this is what we long for,” said Neftalí Anael Cantillana, a Honduran teacher traveling with her 16-year-old son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one other group arranged a similar trip according to Jorge Pérez, the driver who took them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>López Obrador’s government did not mention the busings on Monday when it presented a report halfway into a 90-day period during which it has agreed to reduce irregular transmigration as part of a deal to head off threatened U.S. tariffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Aarón Méndez, Amar shelter director']'What the United States wants is to get rid of the Central Americans in a legal way, and it does so by handing them those [hearing] documents.'[/pullquote]The flow has fallen by 36% in the last 45 days, according to U.S. Border Patrol detention figures. U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo praised Mexico during a visit Sunday. Foreign Relations Secretary Marcelo Ebrard said Mexico is fulfilling its commitment to human rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics assert that the country has become a de facto dumping ground for people the Trump administration is eager to remove from U.S. soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the United States wants is to get rid of the Central Americans in a legal way, and it does so by handing them those documents,” said Aarón Méndez, director of the Amar shelter in Nuevo Laredo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials in the communities involved say they’re overwhelmed and in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>José Martín Carmona, head of Tamaulipas’ governmental Institute for Migrants, acknowledged that the state had refused to receive more migrants, saying it lacks resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said he was unaware of the buses to Monterrey, even though they depart less than a mile from his offices: “Right now we have zero communication with the INM,” Carmona said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those arriving in Monterrey feel like they’ve been lied to and abandoned by everyone — except, some said, by their coyotes who held up their end of the bargain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexican government says it's studying setting up makeshift shelters at warehouses and other properties to handle returnees to Nuevo Laredo. Meanwhile the “remain in Mexico” approach has gone into effect for another Tamaulipas border city: Matamoros, across from Brownsville, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meyer said the busing policy also raises concerns about how asylum-seekers will be able to access U.S. lawyers to assist with their claims, and who is going to make sure they can get back to Nuevo Laredo for their U.S. appointments in September and October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julio Hernández, who was beaten and threatened in Guatemala for refusing extortion demands by gang members, is one who’s getting by. Left in Monterrey last week, he found work at a food stand and is not giving up on U.S. asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Wednesday he said he was thinking of sending his wife and two kids home:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very dangerous here, too, and I don’t want to put them at risk,” he said. “I’ll stay here, and keep fighting.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The bus carrying dozens of Central Americans from the Texas border arrived in the northern Mexican city of Monterrey late at night and pulled up next to the station. Men and women disembarked with children in their arms or staggering sleepily by their sides, looked around fearfully and wondered what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had thought they were being taken to a shelter where they could live, look for work and go to school. Instead they found themselves in a bustling metropolis of over 4 million people, dropped off on a street across from sleazy nightclubs and cabarets with signs advertising \"dancers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press witnessed several such busloads in recent days carrying at least 450 Hondurans, Guatemalans and Salvadorans from Nuevo Laredo, bordering Laredo, Texas, to Monterrey, where they have been left to fend for themselves with no support in finding housing, work or schooling for children, who appear to make up about half the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Mexico has received some 20,000 asylum seekers returned to await U.S. immigration court dates under the program colloquially known as “remain in Mexico.” But there had been no sign of such large-scale moving of people away from the border before now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a request for comment, Mexico's National Immigration Institute, or INM for its initials in Spanish, said in a two-paragraph statement that the agency cooperates with consular authorities and all levels of government to attend to returnees. It said Mexico abides by international law and is working to upgrade shelters and immigration facilities “to improve the conditions in which migrants await their processes in national territory.” The INM did not address specific questions about the AP’s findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maximiliano Reyes, deputy foreign relations secretary, acknowledged last week that migrants were being removed from Nuevo Laredo and said it was for their own safety. He did not explain why they were dropped off in Monterrey or provide any further details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuevo Laredo is located in the state of Tamaulipas, a region plagued by violence and drug cartels, so much so that the U.S. State Department warns against all travel there due to kidnappings and other crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clearly important to move people out of very dangerous Mexican border towns,” said Maureen Meyer, an immigration expert at the Washington Office on Latin America, which advocates for human rights in the region. “But simply busing them somewhere else without any guidance on what’s awaiting them and without having the services available to house asylum-seekers and support them, the Mexican government’s really exposing them to further risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This account is based on in-person interviews with more than 20 migrants who made the two-hour, 130-mile journey south to Monterrey in the week since the new practice began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike asylum-seekers who wait in line for months to file claims in the U.S. and are then sent back, all those taken to Monterrey who spoke with the AP said they had crossed illegally and spent several days in U.S. detention centers before being returned with a court date. Some said they had not asked for asylum but rather to be returned to their home countries, but were told that going to Mexico or continued detention were the only options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know why they gave me this [court date] paper when I didn’t ask for it,” said Antonio Herrera, a Honduran policeman, explaining that he had asked U.S. immigration officials to deport him because his 7-year-old daughter was ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Javier Ochoa, who was with his 16-year-old son, did try to request asylum because the boy would be in danger back home for his participation in anti-government protests. He said he was not allowed to make his case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t interview us,” Ochoa said. “Just sign, like it or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The migrants AP spoke to said that U.S. authorities had told them Mexico would offer them work, schooling and health care while they waited. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has promised to provide those things, but the reality in Nuevo Laredo turned out to be different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The returnees were met at the crossing by Mexican immigration officials who handed them documents presumably allowing them to work and move about the country. Without further explanation they were then loaded at an immigration station parking lot onto buses with the logos of private companies with charter contracts with the INM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The migrants were not forced to make the journey but said they didn’t see any other option. They know the dangers in Tamaulipas, where organized crime groups have been known to extort, kidnap and kill vulnerable migrants. In 2010, 72 migrants were massacred in the town of San Fernando.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Monterrey they found a big, unfamiliar city where, unbeknownst to them, shelters were already overflowing, and it quickly became clear they’d have to make do as best they could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some asked the bus driver for advice on where to go. Others asked locals to borrow cellphones to beseech relatives for money or call their “coyotes,” or smugglers, to try to cross illegally again into the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have abandoned us here to get rid of us,” said Jazmin Desir, sitting on the floor of the bus terminal surrounded by her four sleeping children. The hair stylist and her husband, a mechanic, were waiting for relatives to send money for them to get back to Honduras, which they figured would take two years to pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within a half-hour only a handful remained at the terminal. The rest had melted away into the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two days later, with money wired from relatives, a group hired a bus to take them to the southern city of Tapachula, near Guatemala. From there they would make their way home — essentially self-deporting at their own expense, about $100 each for the 1,000-mile (1,700-kilometer) journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After suffering so much, this is what we long for,” said Neftalí Anael Cantillana, a Honduran teacher traveling with her 16-year-old son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one other group arranged a similar trip according to Jorge Pérez, the driver who took them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>López Obrador’s government did not mention the busings on Monday when it presented a report halfway into a 90-day period during which it has agreed to reduce irregular transmigration as part of a deal to head off threatened U.S. tariffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The flow has fallen by 36% in the last 45 days, according to U.S. Border Patrol detention figures. U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo praised Mexico during a visit Sunday. Foreign Relations Secretary Marcelo Ebrard said Mexico is fulfilling its commitment to human rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics assert that the country has become a de facto dumping ground for people the Trump administration is eager to remove from U.S. soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the United States wants is to get rid of the Central Americans in a legal way, and it does so by handing them those documents,” said Aarón Méndez, director of the Amar shelter in Nuevo Laredo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials in the communities involved say they’re overwhelmed and in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>José Martín Carmona, head of Tamaulipas’ governmental Institute for Migrants, acknowledged that the state had refused to receive more migrants, saying it lacks resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said he was unaware of the buses to Monterrey, even though they depart less than a mile from his offices: “Right now we have zero communication with the INM,” Carmona said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those arriving in Monterrey feel like they’ve been lied to and abandoned by everyone — except, some said, by their coyotes who held up their end of the bargain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexican government says it's studying setting up makeshift shelters at warehouses and other properties to handle returnees to Nuevo Laredo. Meanwhile the “remain in Mexico” approach has gone into effect for another Tamaulipas border city: Matamoros, across from Brownsville, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meyer said the busing policy also raises concerns about how asylum-seekers will be able to access U.S. lawyers to assist with their claims, and who is going to make sure they can get back to Nuevo Laredo for their U.S. appointments in September and October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julio Hernández, who was beaten and threatened in Guatemala for refusing extortion demands by gang members, is one who’s getting by. Left in Monterrey last week, he found work at a food stand and is not giving up on U.S. asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Wednesday he said he was thinking of sending his wife and two kids home:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very dangerous here, too, and I don’t want to put them at risk,” he said. “I’ll stay here, and keep fighting.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Federal Judge in S.F. Halts New Rule Targeting Central American Asylum-Seekers",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 5:57 p.m. Monday: \u003c/strong>U.S. Attorneys representing the Trump administration filed an appeal of the judge's ruling this afternoon in the Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post:\u003c/strong> A federal judge in San Francisco on Wednesday temporarily blocked a Trump administration rule that bars most Central American asylum-seekers from seeking protection in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='ACLU attorney Lee Gelernt']'If this rule were upheld it would essentially be the end of asylum at the southern border.'[/pullquote]U.S. District Judge Jon Tigar issued a nationwide preliminary injunction halting the rule that would require most migrants to request asylum in another country first. Tigar’s decision came after four California-based immigrant advocate groups sued on the same day the rule went into effect last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his decision, Tigar wrote that the so-called “Third Country” rule is inconsistent with existing U.S. asylum laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the public has a weighty interest in the efficient administration of the immigration laws at the border, it also has a substantial interest in ensuring that the statutes enacted by its representatives are not imperiled by executive fiat,” wrote Tigar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new policy, migrants become ineligible for asylum in the United States if they traveled through another country on their way to the U.S. but did not seek protections there first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration argued it needs the policy to curb the number of people making what it called meritless asylum claims, overwhelming border facilities and clogging immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='asylum-seekers' label='Related Coverage']For migrants from Central America, Mexico would be a likely “third country” in which to seek safety from persecution. But Judge Tigar said the U.S. government failed to show that Mexico offers a full and fair procedure for deciding asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rather, it affirmatively demonstrates that asylum claimants removed to Mexico are likely to be (1) exposed to violence and abuse from third parties and government officials; (2) denied their rights under Mexican and international law, and (3) wrongly returned to countries from which they fled persecution,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing, Tigar said he expected the losing party to appeal his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration argues it needs this new rule — and other recent immigration restrictions — to address what it calls a security and humanitarian crisis due to a surge in Central American migrants crossing the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar's injunction was \"against a lawful and necessary rule that discourages abuse of our asylum system,\" said the White House in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security have “broad discretionary authority” to implement the policy, according to Justice Department attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a hearing in federal court in San Francisco on Wednesday, Tigar pressed Justice Department lawyer Scott Stewart on whether it’s lawful for the government to require people to apply for protection in countries such as Guatemala, which lack an asylum process as robust as the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]The Trump administration argues it needs this new rule — and other recent immigration restrictions — to address what it calls a security and humanitarian crisis due to a surge in Central American migrants crossing the border.[/pullquote]He said that while the government included information about the asylum process in Mexico in its court briefings, he couldn’t find a “scintilla of evidence” about the adequacy of the asylum system in Guatemala, which Salvadoran and Honduran migrants cross before reaching the U.S. border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys with the American Civil Liberties Union, which represents the groups suing, argued that the policy is “arbitrary and capricious,” and violates U.S. immigration law because protections “cannot be categorically denied based on an asylum-seeker's route to the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this rule were upheld it would essentially be the end of asylum at the southern border,” said ACLU attorney Lee Gelernt, who argued the case before Judge Tigar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision came hours after U.S. District Judge Timothy Kelly, in Washington D.C., said he was allowing the “Third Country” asylum policy to stand on a separate legal challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House applauded that decision in a statement as “a victory for Americans concerned about the crisis at our southern border. The court properly rejected the attempt of a few special interest groups to block a rule that discourages abuse of our asylum system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2017 and 2018, asylum applications increased by nearly 70%, according to government figures. The majority of migrants apprehended at the U.S.-Mexico border are Central American families and children, and many say they are fleeing gang violence and poverty in their home countries, as well as government inaction to address these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first eight months of this fiscal year, border authorities arrested nearly 525,000 non-Mexican migrants — nearly twice the number in the prior two years combined, according to government court filings.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new policy, migrants become ineligible for asylum in the United States if they traveled through another country on their way to the U.S. but did not seek protections there first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration argued it needs the policy to curb the number of people making what it called meritless asylum claims, overwhelming border facilities and clogging immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For migrants from Central America, Mexico would be a likely “third country” in which to seek safety from persecution. But Judge Tigar said the U.S. government failed to show that Mexico offers a full and fair procedure for deciding asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rather, it affirmatively demonstrates that asylum claimants removed to Mexico are likely to be (1) exposed to violence and abuse from third parties and government officials; (2) denied their rights under Mexican and international law, and (3) wrongly returned to countries from which they fled persecution,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing, Tigar said he expected the losing party to appeal his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration argues it needs this new rule — and other recent immigration restrictions — to address what it calls a security and humanitarian crisis due to a surge in Central American migrants crossing the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar's injunction was \"against a lawful and necessary rule that discourages abuse of our asylum system,\" said the White House in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security have “broad discretionary authority” to implement the policy, according to Justice Department attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a hearing in federal court in San Francisco on Wednesday, Tigar pressed Justice Department lawyer Scott Stewart on whether it’s lawful for the government to require people to apply for protection in countries such as Guatemala, which lack an asylum process as robust as the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He said that while the government included information about the asylum process in Mexico in its court briefings, he couldn’t find a “scintilla of evidence” about the adequacy of the asylum system in Guatemala, which Salvadoran and Honduran migrants cross before reaching the U.S. border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys with the American Civil Liberties Union, which represents the groups suing, argued that the policy is “arbitrary and capricious,” and violates U.S. immigration law because protections “cannot be categorically denied based on an asylum-seeker's route to the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this rule were upheld it would essentially be the end of asylum at the southern border,” said ACLU attorney Lee Gelernt, who argued the case before Judge Tigar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision came hours after U.S. District Judge Timothy Kelly, in Washington D.C., said he was allowing the “Third Country” asylum policy to stand on a separate legal challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House applauded that decision in a statement as “a victory for Americans concerned about the crisis at our southern border. The court properly rejected the attempt of a few special interest groups to block a rule that discourages abuse of our asylum system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2017 and 2018, asylum applications increased by nearly 70%, according to government figures. The majority of migrants apprehended at the U.S.-Mexico border are Central American families and children, and many say they are fleeing gang violence and poverty in their home countries, as well as government inaction to address these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first eight months of this fiscal year, border authorities arrested nearly 525,000 non-Mexican migrants — nearly twice the number in the prior two years combined, according to government court filings.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration announced on Monday it is expanding fast-track deportation regulations to include the removal of undocumented immigrants who cannot prove they have been in the U.S. continuously for two years or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change dramatically expands the ability of the Department of Homeland Security to quickly deport certain immigrants without any of the due-process protections granted to most other people, including the right to an attorney and to a hearing before a judge. It is set to go into effect Tuesday and is the latest escalation of the Trump administration’s immigration crackdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The effect of that change will be to enhance national security and public safety — while reducing government costs — by facilitating prompt immigration determinations,” DHS said in a \u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-15710.pdf\">notice\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, DHS stated part of the purpose for the policy revision is to “harmonize” existing regulations to apply equally to undocumented immigrants who arrive by land and sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, undocumented immigrants who cross into the U.S. by land can be deported without an immigration hearing if they are arrested within 100 miles of the border during the first 14 days after their arrival. Those who arrive by sea can be deported without legal proceedings if they are unable to prove they have been living in the U.S. for two years or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But under the latest proposal, all geographical limitations would be lifted and rapid removal proceedings would be applied to all undocumented immigrants who have been in the country for less than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move is also designed to mitigate a massive court backlog of immigration cases “and will reduce the significant costs to the government associated with full removal proceedings before an immigration judge.” DHS said that as of June there were 909,034 pending immigration cases. It estimates the average removal proceeding for an undocumented immigrant not being held in detention “has been pending for more than two years before an immigration judge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2017, days after taking office, President Trump issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-border-security-immigration-enforcement-improvements/\">executive order\u003c/a> directing DHS to expand the use of expedited removal. The order designated recent unauthorized arrivals as a top priority for deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='More Immigration Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We plan on challenging the change … speedily,” Anand Balakrishnan, senior staff attorney for the ACLU’s Immigrant Rights Project told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balakrishnan called the policy shift “extremely sweeping,” and said it authorizes any Customs and Border Protection officer to determine whether a person has been in the U.S. the requisite amount of time to trigger legal proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way out of that is for the person to affirmatively prove that they’ve been here for two years or more. To have that evidence on them at all times,” he said. “It puts the burden on every noncitizen to prove their continuous presence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted that deportations could happen within hours of a person’s arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From what we know about the way expedited removals have been administered in the past, it’s been rife with errors,” Balakrishnan said. “U.S. citizens have been ordered deported” and in other cases, people who have lived in the country for more than a decade have also been ejected, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DHS notice stated that unaccompanied children may not be placed in expedited removal under current law. Further, undocumented immigrants can apply for asylum when they are apprehended, potentially delaying an immediate deportation until a credible-fear hearing and a determination is made. People who are deported under expedited removal regulations have no right to appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pro-immigration American Immigration Council estimates \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/primer-expedited-removal\">thousands \u003c/a>of people could be deported as a result of the expansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration announced on Monday it is expanding fast-track deportation regulations to include the removal of undocumented immigrants who cannot prove they have been in the U.S. continuously for two years or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change dramatically expands the ability of the Department of Homeland Security to quickly deport certain immigrants without any of the due-process protections granted to most other people, including the right to an attorney and to a hearing before a judge. It is set to go into effect Tuesday and is the latest escalation of the Trump administration’s immigration crackdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The effect of that change will be to enhance national security and public safety — while reducing government costs — by facilitating prompt immigration determinations,” DHS said in a \u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-15710.pdf\">notice\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, DHS stated part of the purpose for the policy revision is to “harmonize” existing regulations to apply equally to undocumented immigrants who arrive by land and sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, undocumented immigrants who cross into the U.S. by land can be deported without an immigration hearing if they are arrested within 100 miles of the border during the first 14 days after their arrival. Those who arrive by sea can be deported without legal proceedings if they are unable to prove they have been living in the U.S. for two years or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But under the latest proposal, all geographical limitations would be lifted and rapid removal proceedings would be applied to all undocumented immigrants who have been in the country for less than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move is also designed to mitigate a massive court backlog of immigration cases “and will reduce the significant costs to the government associated with full removal proceedings before an immigration judge.” DHS said that as of June there were 909,034 pending immigration cases. It estimates the average removal proceeding for an undocumented immigrant not being held in detention “has been pending for more than two years before an immigration judge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2017, days after taking office, President Trump issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-border-security-immigration-enforcement-improvements/\">executive order\u003c/a> directing DHS to expand the use of expedited removal. The order designated recent unauthorized arrivals as a top priority for deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We plan on challenging the change … speedily,” Anand Balakrishnan, senior staff attorney for the ACLU’s Immigrant Rights Project told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balakrishnan called the policy shift “extremely sweeping,” and said it authorizes any Customs and Border Protection officer to determine whether a person has been in the U.S. the requisite amount of time to trigger legal proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way out of that is for the person to affirmatively prove that they’ve been here for two years or more. To have that evidence on them at all times,” he said. “It puts the burden on every noncitizen to prove their continuous presence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted that deportations could happen within hours of a person’s arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From what we know about the way expedited removals have been administered in the past, it’s been rife with errors,” Balakrishnan said. “U.S. citizens have been ordered deported” and in other cases, people who have lived in the country for more than a decade have also been ejected, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DHS notice stated that unaccompanied children may not be placed in expedited removal under current law. Further, undocumented immigrants can apply for asylum when they are apprehended, potentially delaying an immediate deportation until a credible-fear hearing and a determination is made. People who are deported under expedited removal regulations have no right to appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pro-immigration American Immigration Council estimates \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/primer-expedited-removal\">thousands \u003c/a>of people could be deported as a result of the expansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is planning changes to the U.S. citizenship test. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services says it is revising the test to ensure that \"it continues to serve as an accurate measure of a naturalization applicant's civics knowledge.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test was introduced in 1986 and last revised in 2008. In a USCIS \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/news/news-releases/uscis-announces-plan-improve-naturalization-test\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>, acting Director Ken Cuccinelli said, \"Updating, maintaining, and improving a test that is current and relevant is our responsibility as an agency in order to help potential new citizens fully understand the meaning of U.S. citizenship and the values that unite all Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since assuming office, President Trump has attempted to implement broad changes to U.S. immigration laws and policies. Last week, the Trump administration announced a new rule requiring asylum-seekers to first apply for asylum in at least one country they pass through on their journey to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has also argued for a citizenship \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/u-s-census\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">question\u003c/a> to be added to the 2020 census. NPR's Hansi Lo Wang and Franco Ordonez reported on Trump's recent decision to drop those efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/11/739858115/trump-expected-to-renew-push-for-census-citizenship-question-with-executive-acti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote\u003c/a>, Trump announced he \"would sign an executive order to obtain data about the U.S. citizenship and noncitizenship status of everyone living in the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuccinelli spoke with \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/trump-administration-planning-changes-to-us-citizenship-test/2019/07/19/34bdd65e-a9bc-11e9-a3a6-ab670962db05_story.html?utm_term=.4a87d965cc0d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post\u003c/a> about changes to the U.S. citizenship test, which the USCIS plans to launch in December 2020 or early 2021. \"Isn't everybody always paranoid that this is used for ulterior purposes?\" Cuccinelli said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course, they're going to be sorely disappointed when it just looks like another version of a civics exam. I mean that's pretty much how it's going to look.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the USCIS said it had formed a naturalization test revision working group in December 2018 with \"members from across the agency.\" The USCIS said it is \"soliciting the input of experts in the field of adult education to ensure that this process is fair and transparent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exam currently asks applicants 10 randomly generated questions from a list of 100. The questions focus on three subjects: American government, American history and integrated civics, which includes American geography, symbols and holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applicants for U.S. citizenship must get at least six out of the 10 questions correct to pass the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the USCIS naturalized more than 750,000 people, which the agency says is a five-year high. The USCIS reports a national pass rate of 90% for the citizenship test and says a pilot of its revisions will be rolled out this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-USCIS Director Francis Cissna\u003ca href=\"http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2019/images/07/19/revision_of_the_naturalization_civics_test_d1_signed_5-3-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> first announced \u003c/a>upcoming revisions to the test in May. Cissna wrote, \"Citizenship is the culmination of an immigrant's journey to fully join our nation and live with us in a common bond ... By revising this test every 10 years, we can ensure that the civics education requirements remain a meaningful aspect of the naturalization process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Administration+Revising+U.S.+Citizenship+Test+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is planning changes to the U.S. citizenship test. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services says it is revising the test to ensure that \"it continues to serve as an accurate measure of a naturalization applicant's civics knowledge.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test was introduced in 1986 and last revised in 2008. In a USCIS \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/news/news-releases/uscis-announces-plan-improve-naturalization-test\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>, acting Director Ken Cuccinelli said, \"Updating, maintaining, and improving a test that is current and relevant is our responsibility as an agency in order to help potential new citizens fully understand the meaning of U.S. citizenship and the values that unite all Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since assuming office, President Trump has attempted to implement broad changes to U.S. immigration laws and policies. Last week, the Trump administration announced a new rule requiring asylum-seekers to first apply for asylum in at least one country they pass through on their journey to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has also argued for a citizenship \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/u-s-census\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">question\u003c/a> to be added to the 2020 census. NPR's Hansi Lo Wang and Franco Ordonez reported on Trump's recent decision to drop those efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/11/739858115/trump-expected-to-renew-push-for-census-citizenship-question-with-executive-acti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote\u003c/a>, Trump announced he \"would sign an executive order to obtain data about the U.S. citizenship and noncitizenship status of everyone living in the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuccinelli spoke with \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/trump-administration-planning-changes-to-us-citizenship-test/2019/07/19/34bdd65e-a9bc-11e9-a3a6-ab670962db05_story.html?utm_term=.4a87d965cc0d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post\u003c/a> about changes to the U.S. citizenship test, which the USCIS plans to launch in December 2020 or early 2021. \"Isn't everybody always paranoid that this is used for ulterior purposes?\" Cuccinelli said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course, they're going to be sorely disappointed when it just looks like another version of a civics exam. I mean that's pretty much how it's going to look.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the USCIS said it had formed a naturalization test revision working group in December 2018 with \"members from across the agency.\" The USCIS said it is \"soliciting the input of experts in the field of adult education to ensure that this process is fair and transparent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exam currently asks applicants 10 randomly generated questions from a list of 100. The questions focus on three subjects: American government, American history and integrated civics, which includes American geography, symbols and holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applicants for U.S. citizenship must get at least six out of the 10 questions correct to pass the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the USCIS naturalized more than 750,000 people, which the agency says is a five-year high. The USCIS reports a national pass rate of 90% for the citizenship test and says a pilot of its revisions will be rolled out this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-USCIS Director Francis Cissna\u003ca href=\"http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2019/images/07/19/revision_of_the_naturalization_civics_test_d1_signed_5-3-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> first announced \u003c/a>upcoming revisions to the test in May. Cissna wrote, \"Citizenship is the culmination of an immigrant's journey to fully join our nation and live with us in a common bond ... By revising this test every 10 years, we can ensure that the civics education requirements remain a meaningful aspect of the naturalization process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Administration+Revising+U.S.+Citizenship+Test+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'No Meaningful Oversight': ICE Contractor Overlooked Problems at Detention Centers",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last October, Osny Kidd was arrested outside his Los Angeles apartment and taken to an Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention center in Adelanto, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was in handcuffs from feet to waist to arms. I arrived there in chains,\" Kidd says. Over 76 days, he says, he was strip searched, subject to filthy conditions, denied medications, and briefly placed in solitary confinement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treatment and conditions Kidd describes raise questions of whether the detention facility violated ICE's detention standards, based on a review of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-standards/2011\">ICE manual\u003c/a> that details those standards. The contractor ICE hired to inspect its facilities found no problems at Adelanto in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/facilityInspections/adelantoEastCa_CL_10_11_2018.pdf\">recent years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762117\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11762117\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osny Kidd says he was strip searched, denied medications, and briefly placed in solitary confinement at an Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention center. \u003ccite>(Family photo courtesy of Chance Kidd)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That contractor, a private firm called the Nakamoto Group, has become a lightning rod for criticism. The Department of Homeland Security's Office of the Inspector General has repeatedly criticized the company for cutting corners on its investigations, conducting improper interviews, and producing \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2018-06/OIG-18-67-Jun18.pdf\">inaccurate reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, the government watchdog said \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/Mga/2018/oig-18-86-sep18.pdf\">ICE failed to take seriously the problem of braided bed sheets\u003c/a> hanging in detainee cells. It said similar braided sheets had been used as a noose in one suicide and in several other attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many critics, Nakamoto's failures cited in the government reports help explain why unsanitary, harsh conditions at the detention centers persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/02/738179391/dhs-inspector-general-finds-dangerous-overcrowding-in-border-patrol-facilities\">Public scrutiny of detention \u003c/a>facilities continues to increase. Meanwhile, the population of those detained at ICE's facilities last month reached an \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-management\">all-time high of 54,000\u003c/a>. At the same time, there are persistent questions from the inspector general about whether ICE is properly overseeing the contractors that run a majority of the agency's facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/30/736940431/under-siege-and-largely-secret-businesses-that-serve-immigration-detention\">ICE relies heavily on private industry\u003c/a> in nearly every aspect of its operation. Outside contractors GEO Group and CoreCivic operate most of ICE's adult detention centers. For the last eight years, Nakamoto has been charged with conducting annual inspections of ICE detention centers, including those run by GEO and CoreCivic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really not an exaggeration to say that there is basically no meaningful accountability or oversight for the companies who are involved,\" says Heidi Altman, director of policy at the National Immigrant Justice Center, an immigrant rights group. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DHS inspector general not only \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2018-06/OIG-18-67-Jun18.pdf\">criticized Nakamoto's work\u003c/a>, it also faulted ICE for not properly overseeing Nakamoto. \"ICE does not adequately hold detention facility contractors accountable for not meeting performance standards,\" the inspector general wrote in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-02/OIG-19-18-Jan19.pdf\">latest report in January\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result, critics say, is that detainees are subject to everything from solitary confinement to negligent medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kidd, the 24-year-old former Adelanto detainee, says he filed grievances about his experiences. (Kidd married in December; prior to that his last name was Sorto.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kidd's Honduran mother brought him to the U.S. when he was 9. He was supposed to be protected from deportation under DACA, or the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, but ICE agents arrested him outside his apartment because of a DUI charge that was later expunged from his record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kidd says the treatment at Adelanto was inhumane. One day, during an evacuation, he says a guard screamed obscenities, calling him and his fellow detainees names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, that's when I kind of lost it,\" Kidd says. \"I just said, 'You cannot call me that, you cannot treat us like animals, because we're not.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this, Kidd says he was briefly taken to a solitary confinement room called \"Bravo.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In Bravo, there was nobody watching in there,\" Kidd says. \"You'd see people come out of there with bruises. I saw them come out of there with bruises.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kidd filed grievances under ICE procedures with GEO Group, which ran the facility. He says GEO promised to interview his fellow detainees about the mistreatment, but never did. He says GEO dismissed his complaint. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11736531,news_11728992' label='Coverage of Immigration Detention From KQED']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE did not respond to requests seeking comment about Kidd's claims. GEO referred questions regarding the case to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kidd's attorney, Sabrina Damast, says such treatment and conditions should have alarmed inspectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nakamoto inspectors reported no problems at Adelanto in 2017 and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/facilityInspections/adelantoEastCa_CL_10_11_2018.pdf\">2018\u003c/a>. For the last eight years, the company has held the contract to inspect conditions at more than 100 ICE facilities, including Adelanto. (Nakamoto inspections from previous years have not been made public.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time ICE's own Office of Detention Oversight reviewed Adelanto was \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/foia/odo-compliance-inspections/2014AdelantoJuly.pdf\">in 2014\u003c/a>. That year, ICE's internal review found the facility already fell short in six areas, including how it addressed sexual assault, its handling of detainee grievances and its food service. (Earlier this year, NPR sued the City of Adelanto seeking access to documents regarding conditions at that facility.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined an interview. But its spokeswoman Danielle Bennett says the agency \u003cem>has \u003c/em>improved since the inspector general's reports. In an emailed statement, Bennett said senior ICE officials now accompany Nakamoto investigators during their reviews. ICE, she notes, has multiple layers of oversight, including local staff stationed in each facility. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration-detention' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bennett says the agency is also holding contractors accountable. Between December 2018 and March 2019, she says, financial penalties against the contractors totaled $500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one former senior ICE official told NPR the changes Bennett points out are minor. The bigger problem is ICE has no incentive to acknowledge problems. One of ICE's \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0318_MGMT_CBJ-Annual-Performance-Review-DHS-Overview_0.pdf\">performance goals\u003c/a> is for all of its detention centers to pass inspection — and the former official, who requested anonymity to protect future employment prospects, says Nakamoto is well aware of the pressures to meet that target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nakamoto is a private firm based outside Washington, D.C. Its Japanese American owner, Jennifer Nakamoto, frequently credits her family's experience in World War II internment camps with shaping her company's mission. The company's inspections contract with ICE started in 2011. According to USAspending, the federal government's contracting database, the potential value of Nakamoto's contract was $116 million last fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claudia Valenzuela is an attorney with the American Immigration Council, an immigrant advocacy group. She's filed lawsuits seeking information about ICE and its contractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there should be more public scrutiny of Nakamoto,\" Valenzuela says. \"How did it obtain the contract? How does this company continue to hold that contract?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nakamoto says it stands by its performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Nakamoto Vice President Mark Saunders said, \"we have made it abundantly clear that we are in no way political, and we have no agenda other than to do our work.\" He declined an interview, saying the company has already addressed negative allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, Sen. Elizabeth Warren and other Democrats asked Nakamoto \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2018-11-16%20Letter%20to%20Nakamoto%20Group%20re%20ICE%20Detention%20Facility%20Inspections.pdf\">to respond to problems\u003c/a> raised in the inspector general's reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Attachment%203a%20-%20Response%20Letter%20from%20Nakamoto%20Group.pdf\">In her response\u003c/a>, Jennifer Nakamoto quoted from her own company's report, calling the watchdog investigators inexperienced and their findings an \"embarrassment\" to their office. She disputes many of the facts in the reports. She wrote about her mother's birth in an internment camp, saying she and her family have battled prejudice all their lives. \"Without question,\" she wrote, \"the detained immigrant population as a whole has a better life because of what Nakamoto does.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That response has not mollified critics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Cohen, Warren's oversight and investigations director, says neither Nakamoto nor ICE has shown interest in making changes. He says ICE has also not responded to follow up inquiries sent \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2019-04-15%20Letter%20to%20ICE%20re%20Private%20Immigration%20Contractors%20CoreCivic%20GEO%20Group%20and%20Nakamoto%20Group.pdf\">in April\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2019.06.20%20Letter%20to%20ICE%20regarding%20the%20use%20of%20solitary%20confinement%20at%20immigration%20detention%20facilities.pdf\">June\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we concluded from all this mess is that still, nobody's taken responsibility,\" Cohen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nakamoto's contract with ICE is set to expire in September. ICE declined to comment about whether it would renew it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last October, Osny Kidd was arrested outside his Los Angeles apartment and taken to an Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention center in Adelanto, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was in handcuffs from feet to waist to arms. I arrived there in chains,\" Kidd says. Over 76 days, he says, he was strip searched, subject to filthy conditions, denied medications, and briefly placed in solitary confinement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treatment and conditions Kidd describes raise questions of whether the detention facility violated ICE's detention standards, based on a review of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-standards/2011\">ICE manual\u003c/a> that details those standards. The contractor ICE hired to inspect its facilities found no problems at Adelanto in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/facilityInspections/adelantoEastCa_CL_10_11_2018.pdf\">recent years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762117\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11762117\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/osny-kidd-img_1406_vert-b796f7aef3c3b4729eae089beb4a5574c5d08a44.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osny Kidd says he was strip searched, denied medications, and briefly placed in solitary confinement at an Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention center. \u003ccite>(Family photo courtesy of Chance Kidd)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That contractor, a private firm called the Nakamoto Group, has become a lightning rod for criticism. The Department of Homeland Security's Office of the Inspector General has repeatedly criticized the company for cutting corners on its investigations, conducting improper interviews, and producing \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2018-06/OIG-18-67-Jun18.pdf\">inaccurate reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, the government watchdog said \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/Mga/2018/oig-18-86-sep18.pdf\">ICE failed to take seriously the problem of braided bed sheets\u003c/a> hanging in detainee cells. It said similar braided sheets had been used as a noose in one suicide and in several other attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many critics, Nakamoto's failures cited in the government reports help explain why unsanitary, harsh conditions at the detention centers persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/02/738179391/dhs-inspector-general-finds-dangerous-overcrowding-in-border-patrol-facilities\">Public scrutiny of detention \u003c/a>facilities continues to increase. Meanwhile, the population of those detained at ICE's facilities last month reached an \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-management\">all-time high of 54,000\u003c/a>. At the same time, there are persistent questions from the inspector general about whether ICE is properly overseeing the contractors that run a majority of the agency's facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/30/736940431/under-siege-and-largely-secret-businesses-that-serve-immigration-detention\">ICE relies heavily on private industry\u003c/a> in nearly every aspect of its operation. Outside contractors GEO Group and CoreCivic operate most of ICE's adult detention centers. For the last eight years, Nakamoto has been charged with conducting annual inspections of ICE detention centers, including those run by GEO and CoreCivic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really not an exaggeration to say that there is basically no meaningful accountability or oversight for the companies who are involved,\" says Heidi Altman, director of policy at the National Immigrant Justice Center, an immigrant rights group. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DHS inspector general not only \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2018-06/OIG-18-67-Jun18.pdf\">criticized Nakamoto's work\u003c/a>, it also faulted ICE for not properly overseeing Nakamoto. \"ICE does not adequately hold detention facility contractors accountable for not meeting performance standards,\" the inspector general wrote in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-02/OIG-19-18-Jan19.pdf\">latest report in January\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result, critics say, is that detainees are subject to everything from solitary confinement to negligent medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kidd, the 24-year-old former Adelanto detainee, says he filed grievances about his experiences. (Kidd married in December; prior to that his last name was Sorto.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kidd's Honduran mother brought him to the U.S. when he was 9. He was supposed to be protected from deportation under DACA, or the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, but ICE agents arrested him outside his apartment because of a DUI charge that was later expunged from his record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kidd says the treatment at Adelanto was inhumane. One day, during an evacuation, he says a guard screamed obscenities, calling him and his fellow detainees names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, that's when I kind of lost it,\" Kidd says. \"I just said, 'You cannot call me that, you cannot treat us like animals, because we're not.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this, Kidd says he was briefly taken to a solitary confinement room called \"Bravo.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In Bravo, there was nobody watching in there,\" Kidd says. \"You'd see people come out of there with bruises. I saw them come out of there with bruises.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kidd filed grievances under ICE procedures with GEO Group, which ran the facility. He says GEO promised to interview his fellow detainees about the mistreatment, but never did. He says GEO dismissed his complaint. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE did not respond to requests seeking comment about Kidd's claims. GEO referred questions regarding the case to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kidd's attorney, Sabrina Damast, says such treatment and conditions should have alarmed inspectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nakamoto inspectors reported no problems at Adelanto in 2017 and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/facilityInspections/adelantoEastCa_CL_10_11_2018.pdf\">2018\u003c/a>. For the last eight years, the company has held the contract to inspect conditions at more than 100 ICE facilities, including Adelanto. (Nakamoto inspections from previous years have not been made public.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time ICE's own Office of Detention Oversight reviewed Adelanto was \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/foia/odo-compliance-inspections/2014AdelantoJuly.pdf\">in 2014\u003c/a>. That year, ICE's internal review found the facility already fell short in six areas, including how it addressed sexual assault, its handling of detainee grievances and its food service. (Earlier this year, NPR sued the City of Adelanto seeking access to documents regarding conditions at that facility.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined an interview. But its spokeswoman Danielle Bennett says the agency \u003cem>has \u003c/em>improved since the inspector general's reports. In an emailed statement, Bennett said senior ICE officials now accompany Nakamoto investigators during their reviews. ICE, she notes, has multiple layers of oversight, including local staff stationed in each facility. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bennett says the agency is also holding contractors accountable. Between December 2018 and March 2019, she says, financial penalties against the contractors totaled $500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one former senior ICE official told NPR the changes Bennett points out are minor. The bigger problem is ICE has no incentive to acknowledge problems. One of ICE's \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0318_MGMT_CBJ-Annual-Performance-Review-DHS-Overview_0.pdf\">performance goals\u003c/a> is for all of its detention centers to pass inspection — and the former official, who requested anonymity to protect future employment prospects, says Nakamoto is well aware of the pressures to meet that target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nakamoto is a private firm based outside Washington, D.C. Its Japanese American owner, Jennifer Nakamoto, frequently credits her family's experience in World War II internment camps with shaping her company's mission. The company's inspections contract with ICE started in 2011. According to USAspending, the federal government's contracting database, the potential value of Nakamoto's contract was $116 million last fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claudia Valenzuela is an attorney with the American Immigration Council, an immigrant advocacy group. She's filed lawsuits seeking information about ICE and its contractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there should be more public scrutiny of Nakamoto,\" Valenzuela says. \"How did it obtain the contract? How does this company continue to hold that contract?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nakamoto says it stands by its performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Nakamoto Vice President Mark Saunders said, \"we have made it abundantly clear that we are in no way political, and we have no agenda other than to do our work.\" He declined an interview, saying the company has already addressed negative allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, Sen. Elizabeth Warren and other Democrats asked Nakamoto \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2018-11-16%20Letter%20to%20Nakamoto%20Group%20re%20ICE%20Detention%20Facility%20Inspections.pdf\">to respond to problems\u003c/a> raised in the inspector general's reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Attachment%203a%20-%20Response%20Letter%20from%20Nakamoto%20Group.pdf\">In her response\u003c/a>, Jennifer Nakamoto quoted from her own company's report, calling the watchdog investigators inexperienced and their findings an \"embarrassment\" to their office. She disputes many of the facts in the reports. She wrote about her mother's birth in an internment camp, saying she and her family have battled prejudice all their lives. \"Without question,\" she wrote, \"the detained immigrant population as a whole has a better life because of what Nakamoto does.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That response has not mollified critics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Cohen, Warren's oversight and investigations director, says neither Nakamoto nor ICE has shown interest in making changes. He says ICE has also not responded to follow up inquiries sent \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2019-04-15%20Letter%20to%20ICE%20re%20Private%20Immigration%20Contractors%20CoreCivic%20GEO%20Group%20and%20Nakamoto%20Group.pdf\">in April\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2019.06.20%20Letter%20to%20ICE%20regarding%20the%20use%20of%20solitary%20confinement%20at%20immigration%20detention%20facilities.pdf\">June\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we concluded from all this mess is that still, nobody's taken responsibility,\" Cohen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nakamoto's contract with ICE is set to expire in September. ICE declined to comment about whether it would renew it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Immigrant Groups Sue Over New Trump Rule That Would Bar Most Asylum-Seekers From the U.S.",
"title": "Immigrant Groups Sue Over New Trump Rule That Would Bar Most Asylum-Seekers From the U.S.",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Four immigrant advocacy groups based in California sued the Trump administration on Tuesday in federal court in San Francisco to block a new rule barring migrants from pursuing asylum if they traveled through another country — on their way to the U.S. — without seeking protections there first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys with the American Civil Liberties Union, which represents the groups, argued that what’s known as the third-country rule was “arbitrary and capricious,” and violated U.S. immigration law because protections “cannot be categorically denied based on an asylum-seeker's route to the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Tony, an asylum-seeker from Cameroon']'You can’t say that refugees should apply for asylum in Mexico. Because first of all, they don’t feel protected from the police.'[/pullquote]The departments of Justice and Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2019/07/15/dhs-and-doj-issue-third-country-asylum-rule#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced\u003c/a> the new rule on Monday and it took effect on Tuesday. The policy aims to reduce the influx of Central American migrants seeking refuge at the southern border, which officials say is overwhelming the country's immigration system. Exceptions are included for people who were denied protection claims elsewhere, were victims of human trafficking, or have traveled through countries that have not signed major international treaties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about the lawsuit by KQED, Homeland Security declined to comment and the Justice Department didn't respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The United States is a generous country but is being completely overwhelmed by the burdens associated with apprehending and processing hundreds of thousands of aliens along the southern border,\" Attorney General William Barr said Monday in a statement announcing the new policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top officials with the administration maintain \"loopholes\" in current laws allow asylum-seekers to be released into the U.S. while their claims are decided by a judge — a process that can take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third-country rule comes just days after a widely publicized Immigration and Customs Enforcement operation to arrest and deport 2,000 migrants was set to begin in major cities. Mass arrests have yet to materialize in the San Francisco Bay Area or other California cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='John Eastman, Chapman University law professor']'The Immigration and Nationality Act gives the attorney general very explicit authority to impose such conditions as he thinks are warranted.'[/pullquote]The Trump administration was trying to circumvent the asylum process established by the U.S. Refugee Act, which was passed by Congress in 1980, said Daniel Sharp, legal director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.carecen-la.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central American Resource Center in Los Angeles\u003c/a> — one of the groups suing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an attempt to rewrite four decades of asylum law by a rule that the administration is issuing without even a public comment period,\" said Sharp, adding that his organization has represented thousands of asylum-seekers since its inception in 1983.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But John Eastman, a law professor at Chapman University in Orange, said the changes were lawful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Immigration and Nationality Act gives the attorney general very explicit authority to impose such conditions as he thinks are warranted,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He agreed with Trump administration officials that effectively blocking most asylum claims going forward will help unclog a growing backlog of immigration court cases, and take pressure off border authorities managing overcrowded facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I applaud the administration for trying to take some action to deal with it,\" Eastman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='asylum-seekers' label='More Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2017 and 2018, asylum applications increased by nearly 70%, according to government figures. U.S. border officials arrested significantly more parents with children in the last nine months than at any time since 2013, when the agency began tracking family units. Many of those seeking asylum at the southern border say they are fleeing extreme violence and poverty in their home countries, as well as government inaction in terms of addressing these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most migrants waiting outside the San Ysidro Port of Entry in Tijuana on Monday didn't know about the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony, from Cameroon, who didn’t want to use his last name because he feared for his safety, said refugees wouldn’t want to apply for asylum in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can’t say that refugees should apply for asylum in Mexico,\" he said. \"Because first of all, they don’t feel protected from the police.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Sen. Dianne Feinstein']'Allowing them to seek protection in the United States isn’t a loophole, as the president says and Republicans continue to repeat, it’s a fundamental part of what makes us American.'[/pullquote]Bill Hing, who directs the immigration and deportation clinic at the University of San Francisco, said that with the new rule, the U.S. would violate its responsibilities under international law to protect asylum-seekers who make it to the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>International law does not require migrants to seek protections in a country they don't consider safe, said Hing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The main issue that a federal court is going to decide is: Can they require someone to apply for asylum in a third country before that person gets to apply for asylum in the United States,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security, which oversees Customs and Border Protection, didn't respond to questions about how the rule will be implemented by CBP officers — or whether they'll start turning away asylum-seekers who do not qualify for protections under the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will be implemented in accordance with all applicable laws, regulations and policies, as well as international agreements,\" a DHS official said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Central Americans who seek asylum in the U.S. have to travel to the southern border, said Hing, because it's impossible for them to apply for the protections from their home countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11743145/bay-area-mom-leads-charge-to-help-central-american-minors-join-parents-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ended\u003c/a> an Obama-era program that allowed thousands of minors in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras to apply for humanitarian protections and join their parents in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no such thing as going to the U.S. Embassy in any of those three Northern Triangle countries and applying for asylum now,\" said Hing, adding that U.S. embassies don't have the authority to grant the protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hing added that it's \"unrealistic\" for the U.S. government to require migrants to apply for — and be denied — humanitarian protections in countries like Mexico before pursuing claims in the U.S. An asylum rejection from the Mexican government, Hing said, often comes with a deportation order, so migrants might face additional hurdles to travel to the U.S. border to start another asylum application here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Dianne Feinstein said the new rule was \"not only illegal, it's heartless and cruel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These families are fleeing some of the most violent, dangerous countries in the world such as El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras,\" she said in a statement. \"Allowing them to seek protection in the United States isn’t a loophole, as the president says and Republicans continue to repeat, it’s a fundamental part of what makes us American.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated. KPBS reporter Max Rivlin-Nadler contributed to this report from Tijuana, Mexico.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Four immigrant advocacy groups based in California sued the Trump administration on Tuesday in federal court in San Francisco to block a new rule barring migrants from pursuing asylum if they traveled through another country — on their way to the U.S. — without seeking protections there first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys with the American Civil Liberties Union, which represents the groups, argued that what’s known as the third-country rule was “arbitrary and capricious,” and violated U.S. immigration law because protections “cannot be categorically denied based on an asylum-seeker's route to the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The departments of Justice and Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2019/07/15/dhs-and-doj-issue-third-country-asylum-rule#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced\u003c/a> the new rule on Monday and it took effect on Tuesday. The policy aims to reduce the influx of Central American migrants seeking refuge at the southern border, which officials say is overwhelming the country's immigration system. Exceptions are included for people who were denied protection claims elsewhere, were victims of human trafficking, or have traveled through countries that have not signed major international treaties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about the lawsuit by KQED, Homeland Security declined to comment and the Justice Department didn't respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The United States is a generous country but is being completely overwhelmed by the burdens associated with apprehending and processing hundreds of thousands of aliens along the southern border,\" Attorney General William Barr said Monday in a statement announcing the new policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top officials with the administration maintain \"loopholes\" in current laws allow asylum-seekers to be released into the U.S. while their claims are decided by a judge — a process that can take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third-country rule comes just days after a widely publicized Immigration and Customs Enforcement operation to arrest and deport 2,000 migrants was set to begin in major cities. Mass arrests have yet to materialize in the San Francisco Bay Area or other California cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Trump administration was trying to circumvent the asylum process established by the U.S. Refugee Act, which was passed by Congress in 1980, said Daniel Sharp, legal director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.carecen-la.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central American Resource Center in Los Angeles\u003c/a> — one of the groups suing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an attempt to rewrite four decades of asylum law by a rule that the administration is issuing without even a public comment period,\" said Sharp, adding that his organization has represented thousands of asylum-seekers since its inception in 1983.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But John Eastman, a law professor at Chapman University in Orange, said the changes were lawful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Immigration and Nationality Act gives the attorney general very explicit authority to impose such conditions as he thinks are warranted,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He agreed with Trump administration officials that effectively blocking most asylum claims going forward will help unclog a growing backlog of immigration court cases, and take pressure off border authorities managing overcrowded facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I applaud the administration for trying to take some action to deal with it,\" Eastman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2017 and 2018, asylum applications increased by nearly 70%, according to government figures. U.S. border officials arrested significantly more parents with children in the last nine months than at any time since 2013, when the agency began tracking family units. Many of those seeking asylum at the southern border say they are fleeing extreme violence and poverty in their home countries, as well as government inaction in terms of addressing these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most migrants waiting outside the San Ysidro Port of Entry in Tijuana on Monday didn't know about the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony, from Cameroon, who didn’t want to use his last name because he feared for his safety, said refugees wouldn’t want to apply for asylum in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can’t say that refugees should apply for asylum in Mexico,\" he said. \"Because first of all, they don’t feel protected from the police.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'Allowing them to seek protection in the United States isn’t a loophole, as the president says and Republicans continue to repeat, it’s a fundamental part of what makes us American.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Bill Hing, who directs the immigration and deportation clinic at the University of San Francisco, said that with the new rule, the U.S. would violate its responsibilities under international law to protect asylum-seekers who make it to the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>International law does not require migrants to seek protections in a country they don't consider safe, said Hing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The main issue that a federal court is going to decide is: Can they require someone to apply for asylum in a third country before that person gets to apply for asylum in the United States,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security, which oversees Customs and Border Protection, didn't respond to questions about how the rule will be implemented by CBP officers — or whether they'll start turning away asylum-seekers who do not qualify for protections under the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will be implemented in accordance with all applicable laws, regulations and policies, as well as international agreements,\" a DHS official said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Central Americans who seek asylum in the U.S. have to travel to the southern border, said Hing, because it's impossible for them to apply for the protections from their home countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11743145/bay-area-mom-leads-charge-to-help-central-american-minors-join-parents-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ended\u003c/a> an Obama-era program that allowed thousands of minors in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras to apply for humanitarian protections and join their parents in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no such thing as going to the U.S. Embassy in any of those three Northern Triangle countries and applying for asylum now,\" said Hing, adding that U.S. embassies don't have the authority to grant the protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hing added that it's \"unrealistic\" for the U.S. government to require migrants to apply for — and be denied — humanitarian protections in countries like Mexico before pursuing claims in the U.S. An asylum rejection from the Mexican government, Hing said, often comes with a deportation order, so migrants might face additional hurdles to travel to the U.S. border to start another asylum application here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Dianne Feinstein said the new rule was \"not only illegal, it's heartless and cruel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These families are fleeing some of the most violent, dangerous countries in the world such as El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras,\" she said in a statement. \"Allowing them to seek protection in the United States isn’t a loophole, as the president says and Republicans continue to repeat, it’s a fundamental part of what makes us American.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated. KPBS reporter Max Rivlin-Nadler contributed to this report from Tijuana, Mexico.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Several members of Congress from California over the weekend visited detention facilities holding migrants in the Texas border cities of McAllen and Brownsville. Among them was Bay Area Rep. Jackie Speier, D-Hillsborough, who documented the visit on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepSpeier?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter\u003c/a>. One of her photos shows a minor behind caged fencing holding a toddler in a onesie. Another image captures a group of young men behind glass with their hands clasped together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speier spoke about the trip with KQED’s Mina Kim on Monday. Here is an excerpt of their conversation and photos from Speier's Twitter feed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mina Kim\u003c/strong>: That image of the young men behind glass at a holding station in McAllen — what were they trying to communicate with you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jackie Speier\u003c/strong>: Well, one of the images is of them with their hands in prayer asking for relief. I mean, these are men who have been apprehended, have been there as much as 60 days in very small, cramped cells that normally house, I'd say, five to 10 people. And now there were 40 men. They were taking turns lying on the concrete floor to rest. But they had been there for 40 days without a shower and without a toothbrush to brush their teeth. And I must say that I found it so subhuman, and as I looked at them I realized that if we had dogs kenneled in those cells, the American Humane Society would shut it down instantly because it is so repugnant of everything we believe in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/RepSpeier/status/1150767820558479360\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/RepSpeier/status/1150769502612787201\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kim\u003c/strong>: Vice President Mike Pence also went to McAllen, Texas, and visited a Border Patrol station there. He told reporters he couldn't be more proud of the agents at the facility and that every American should be proud and that he wasn't surprised by what he was seeing, that it was tough stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Speier\u003c/strong>: Well, it is tough stuff. But I can't imagine any American looking at the photos that I've posted thinking that they're proud of what we are doing to these people. It is reprehensible. Meanwhile, we're spending $24 billion a year on these services now for immigration enforcement. It is 34% more than all the money we're spending on services like the FBI, the Drug Enforcement Agency, the Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agency, the Secret Service and the U.S. Marshals Service. So most of these people could be sent with ankle bracelets to their family members somewhere in the United States waiting for their asylum hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/RepSpeier/status/1150122304497733637\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/RepSpeier/status/1150127768413331467\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/RepSpeier/status/1150807279920451584\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kim\u003c/strong>: Is that how we fix this? Is that the solution to these overcrowded conditions?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Speier\u003c/strong>: Well, we have to fix it by creating an environment where people aren't treated like animals. We have to then expedite the process by which their asylum hearings are being held. There's an 800,000 case backlog right now [and] we don't have sufficient immigration judges. And even though we have passed emergency supplemental funds for immigration enforcement, one of the guards told me that it will take eight months before the first new additional member will be hired because of the time it takes to process those who come forward and apply for these jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/RepSpeier/status/1150516189824737285\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/RepSpeier/status/1150486503765811200\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration’s latest attempt to end asylum protections for Central American migrants bears close resemblance to a formal agreement the U.S. has with only one other country: Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/15/741769333/u-s-sets-new-asylum-rule-telling-potential-refugees-to-apply-elsewhere\">new rule\u003c/a>, which took effect Tuesday, aims to make asylum claims ineligible if an asylum-seeker passes through another country first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Until Congress can act, this interim rule will help reduce a major pull factor driving irregular migration to the United States,” Homeland Security Acting Secretary Kevin K. McAleenan said in a statement about the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Lee Gelernt, ACLU attorney']‘When you have an agreement with another country, you can require people to apply for asylum in those countries if and only if that country can provide a safe, effective and meaningful asylum hearing.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Canada-U.S. Safe Third Country Agreement, which the two nations signed in 2002, requires \u003ca href=\"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/mandate/policies-operational-instructions-agreements/agreements/safe-third-country-agreement.html\">\u003cstrong>most\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> asylum-seekers to request protection in the first of those safe countries in which they arrive, either the U.S. or Canada. Once they’ve begun the asylum process in one country, they can’t start it in the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the administration is doing is trying a back door around safe third country agreements,” attorney Lee Gelernt said Monday. Gelernt is deputy director of the Immigrants’ Rights Project at the American Civil Liberties Union, which on Tuesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11761508/can-trump-turn-away-most-asylum-seekers-to-the-u-s-courts-likely-to-weigh-in-on-new-policy\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">sued\u003c/a> the administration over the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Gelernt successfully persuaded \u003ca href=\"https://www.cand.uscourts.gov/jst\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. District Judge Jon Tigar\u003c/a> to halt another Trump administration policy aimed at blocking migrants from seeking asylum if they entered the U.S. from Mexico in between official border crossings. Department of Justice attorneys argued that allowing that policy would help the administration’s ongoing attempts to broker a safe third-party country agreement with Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='asylum-seekers' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gelernt says that even if the administration had managed to broker safe third country agreements with Mexico or Guatemala, the ACLU could challenge them on the grounds that, for asylum-seekers, those nations are not safe like Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have an agreement with another country, you can require people to apply for asylum in those countries if and only if that country can provide a safe, effective and meaningful asylum hearing,” Gelernt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Canada, Mexico and Guatemala lack the legal infrastructure to provide protections to asylum-seekers looking for a safe haven, scholars say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Guatemala’s legal infrastructure is weak, to say the least. Mexico has offered very limited legal protections for Central Americans,” said Dean Kevin Johnson of the UC Davis School of Law. “That makes it very different from the safe third country agreement with Canada. Few would dispute that Canada has an asylum system that’s efficient, generous and fair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Origins of the Canada-U.S. Safe Third Country Agreement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Canada and the U.S. began discussions about a safe third country agreement less than two months after the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the U.S., when both nations agreed to coordinate more on safety along their shared border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Canada-U.S. Safe Third Country Agreement took effect in December 2004, one stated purpose was to protect refugees by creating a framework to govern how the two countries would share responsibility for hearing asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Kevin K. McAleenan, Homeland Security acting Secretary ']‘Until Congress can act, this interim rule will help reduce a major ‘pull’ factor driving irregular migration to the United States.’[/pullquote]A 2006 U.S. government review of the deal \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/unassigned/executive-summary\">cites\u003c/a> a finding by the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees that cooperation between nations could “enhance the international protection of refugees by ensuring the orderly handling of asylum applications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the report, the global growth of migration is cited as one reason for the deal, as well as the need to crack down on abuse by bad actors, including smugglers and traffickers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/unassigned/chapter-1-introduction\">The report also\u003c/a> says some refugees may pass up earlier opportunities to obtain asylum in one country “in order to claim refugee protection in a country of their choice” — for reasons that having nothing to do with the need for protection from persecution or torture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Third Party Agreement Is Problematic Under Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even with its robust immigration system, Canada has encountered domestic political fallout from the safe third country agreement since President Trump took office in 2017. That’s due to a loophole in the agreement, which allows asylum-seekers to start the process anew in a second country by crossing between ports of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s exactly what started happening en masse shortly after the Trump administration’s travel ban was announced in January 2017. The ban prompted a wave of asylum-seekers streaming north from the U.S. into Canada illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captivating images of Canadian Mounties rescuing helpless migrants in the dead of winter made the rounds on social media. At the time, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau sealed his role as foil to President Trump when he tweeted the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/justintrudeau/status/825438460265762816?lang=en\">#WelcomeToCanada\u003c/a> as he made it clear that his nation’s doors were open to immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That open-door policy would go on to cause headaches for Trudeau, who is preparing for the next national election in October. The masses of refugees that headed into Canada as Trump took office have put pressure on municipalities like Montreal and Toronto, which have struggled to figure out how to house migrants escaping what they would have once considered a safe country: the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Canada-U.S. Safe Third Country Agreement, which the two nations signed in 2002, requires \u003ca href=\"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/mandate/policies-operational-instructions-agreements/agreements/safe-third-country-agreement.html\">\u003cstrong>most\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> asylum-seekers to request protection in the first of those safe countries in which they arrive, either the U.S. or Canada. Once they’ve begun the asylum process in one country, they can’t start it in the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the administration is doing is trying a back door around safe third country agreements,” attorney Lee Gelernt said Monday. Gelernt is deputy director of the Immigrants’ Rights Project at the American Civil Liberties Union, which on Tuesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11761508/can-trump-turn-away-most-asylum-seekers-to-the-u-s-courts-likely-to-weigh-in-on-new-policy\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">sued\u003c/a> the administration over the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Gelernt successfully persuaded \u003ca href=\"https://www.cand.uscourts.gov/jst\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. District Judge Jon Tigar\u003c/a> to halt another Trump administration policy aimed at blocking migrants from seeking asylum if they entered the U.S. from Mexico in between official border crossings. Department of Justice attorneys argued that allowing that policy would help the administration’s ongoing attempts to broker a safe third-party country agreement with Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gelernt says that even if the administration had managed to broker safe third country agreements with Mexico or Guatemala, the ACLU could challenge them on the grounds that, for asylum-seekers, those nations are not safe like Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have an agreement with another country, you can require people to apply for asylum in those countries if and only if that country can provide a safe, effective and meaningful asylum hearing,” Gelernt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Canada, Mexico and Guatemala lack the legal infrastructure to provide protections to asylum-seekers looking for a safe haven, scholars say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Guatemala’s legal infrastructure is weak, to say the least. Mexico has offered very limited legal protections for Central Americans,” said Dean Kevin Johnson of the UC Davis School of Law. “That makes it very different from the safe third country agreement with Canada. Few would dispute that Canada has an asylum system that’s efficient, generous and fair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Origins of the Canada-U.S. Safe Third Country Agreement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Canada and the U.S. began discussions about a safe third country agreement less than two months after the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the U.S., when both nations agreed to coordinate more on safety along their shared border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Canada-U.S. Safe Third Country Agreement took effect in December 2004, one stated purpose was to protect refugees by creating a framework to govern how the two countries would share responsibility for hearing asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Third Party Agreement Is Problematic Under Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even with its robust immigration system, Canada has encountered domestic political fallout from the safe third country agreement since President Trump took office in 2017. That’s due to a loophole in the agreement, which allows asylum-seekers to start the process anew in a second country by crossing between ports of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s exactly what started happening en masse shortly after the Trump administration’s travel ban was announced in January 2017. The ban prompted a wave of asylum-seekers streaming north from the U.S. into Canada illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captivating images of Canadian Mounties rescuing helpless migrants in the dead of winter made the rounds on social media. At the time, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau sealed his role as foil to President Trump when he tweeted the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/justintrudeau/status/825438460265762816?lang=en\">#WelcomeToCanada\u003c/a> as he made it clear that his nation’s doors were open to immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That open-door policy would go on to cause headaches for Trudeau, who is preparing for the next national election in October. The masses of refugees that headed into Canada as Trump took office have put pressure on municipalities like Montreal and Toronto, which have struggled to figure out how to house migrants escaping what they would have once considered a safe country: the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 12:35 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is moving forward with a tough new asylum rule in its campaign to slow the flow of Central American migrants crossing the U.S.-Mexico border. Asylum-seeking immigrants who pass through a third country en route to the U.S. must first apply for refugee status in that country rather than at the U.S. border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restriction will likely face court challenges, opening a new front in the battle over U.S. immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-15246.pdf\">interim final rule\u003c/a> will take effect immediately after it is published in the Federal Register on Tuesday, according to the departments of Justice and Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"asylum-seekers\"]The new policy applies specifically to the U.S.-Mexico border, saying that \"an alien who enters or attempts to enter the United States across the southern border after failing to apply for protection in a third country outside the alien's country of citizenship, nationality, or last lawful habitual residence through which the alien transited en route to the United States is ineligible for asylum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Until Congress can act, this interim rule will help reduce a major 'pull' factor driving irregular migration to the United States,\" Homeland Security acting Secretary Kevin K. McAleenan said in a statement about the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy shift would likely bring new pressures and official burdens on Mexico and Guatemala, countries through which migrants and refugees often pass on their way to the U.S. On Sunday, Guatemala's government \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GuatemalaGob/status/1150425042163044353\">pulled out of a meeting\u003c/a> between President Jimmy Morales and Trump that had been scheduled for Monday, citing ongoing legal questions over whether the country could be deemed a \"safe third country\" for migrants who want to reach the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule would set \"a new bar to eligibility\" for anyone seeking asylum in the U.S., according to a DHS news release. It also allows exceptions in three limited cases:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"1) an alien who demonstrates that he or she applied for protection from persecution or torture in at least one of the countries through which the alien transited en route to the United States, and the alien received a final judgment denying the alien protection in such country;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"(2) an alien who demonstrates that he or she satisfies the definition of 'victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons' provided in 8 C.F.R. § 214.11; or,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"(3) an alien who has transited en route to the United States through only a country or countries that were not parties to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, the 1967 Protocol, or the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The DHS release describes asylum as \" a discretionary benefit offered by the United States Government to those fleeing persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union said it planned to file a lawsuit to try to stop the rule from taking effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This new rule is patently unlawful and we will sue swiftly,\" Lee Gelernt, deputy director of the ACLU's national Immigrants' Rights Project, said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/aclu-comment-new-trump-asylum-restrictions\">a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gelernt accused the Trump administration of \"trying to unilaterally reverse our country's legal and moral commitment to protect those fleeing danger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The departments of Justice and Homeland Security are publishing the 58-page asylum rule as the Trump administration faces criticism over \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/24/735552011/migrant-children-moved-from-border-patrol-center-after-outcry\">conditions at migrant detention centers\u003c/a> at the southern border, as well as its \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/10/740159720/under-trump-policy-migrants-seeking-asylum-must-wait-in-mexico\">\"remain in Mexico\" policy\u003c/a> that requires asylum-seekers who are waiting for a U.S. court date to do so in Mexico rather than in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement about the new rule, U.S. Attorney General William Barr said that current U.S. asylum rules have been abused, and that the large number of people trying to enter the country has put a strain on the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barr said the number of cases referred to the Department of Justice for proceedings before an immigration judge \"has risen exponentially, more than tripling between 2013 and 2018.\" The attorney general added, \"Only a small minority of these individuals, however, are ultimately granted asylum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 12:35 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is moving forward with a tough new asylum rule in its campaign to slow the flow of Central American migrants crossing the U.S.-Mexico border. Asylum-seeking immigrants who pass through a third country en route to the U.S. must first apply for refugee status in that country rather than at the U.S. border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restriction will likely face court challenges, opening a new front in the battle over U.S. immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-15246.pdf\">interim final rule\u003c/a> will take effect immediately after it is published in the Federal Register on Tuesday, according to the departments of Justice and Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The new policy applies specifically to the U.S.-Mexico border, saying that \"an alien who enters or attempts to enter the United States across the southern border after failing to apply for protection in a third country outside the alien's country of citizenship, nationality, or last lawful habitual residence through which the alien transited en route to the United States is ineligible for asylum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Until Congress can act, this interim rule will help reduce a major 'pull' factor driving irregular migration to the United States,\" Homeland Security acting Secretary Kevin K. McAleenan said in a statement about the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy shift would likely bring new pressures and official burdens on Mexico and Guatemala, countries through which migrants and refugees often pass on their way to the U.S. On Sunday, Guatemala's government \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GuatemalaGob/status/1150425042163044353\">pulled out of a meeting\u003c/a> between President Jimmy Morales and Trump that had been scheduled for Monday, citing ongoing legal questions over whether the country could be deemed a \"safe third country\" for migrants who want to reach the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule would set \"a new bar to eligibility\" for anyone seeking asylum in the U.S., according to a DHS news release. It also allows exceptions in three limited cases:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"1) an alien who demonstrates that he or she applied for protection from persecution or torture in at least one of the countries through which the alien transited en route to the United States, and the alien received a final judgment denying the alien protection in such country;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"(2) an alien who demonstrates that he or she satisfies the definition of 'victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons' provided in 8 C.F.R. § 214.11; or,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"(3) an alien who has transited en route to the United States through only a country or countries that were not parties to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, the 1967 Protocol, or the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The DHS release describes asylum as \" a discretionary benefit offered by the United States Government to those fleeing persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union said it planned to file a lawsuit to try to stop the rule from taking effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This new rule is patently unlawful and we will sue swiftly,\" Lee Gelernt, deputy director of the ACLU's national Immigrants' Rights Project, said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/aclu-comment-new-trump-asylum-restrictions\">a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gelernt accused the Trump administration of \"trying to unilaterally reverse our country's legal and moral commitment to protect those fleeing danger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The departments of Justice and Homeland Security are publishing the 58-page asylum rule as the Trump administration faces criticism over \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/24/735552011/migrant-children-moved-from-border-patrol-center-after-outcry\">conditions at migrant detention centers\u003c/a> at the southern border, as well as its \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/10/740159720/under-trump-policy-migrants-seeking-asylum-must-wait-in-mexico\">\"remain in Mexico\" policy\u003c/a> that requires asylum-seekers who are waiting for a U.S. court date to do so in Mexico rather than in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement about the new rule, U.S. Attorney General William Barr said that current U.S. asylum rules have been abused, and that the large number of people trying to enter the country has put a strain on the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barr said the number of cases referred to the Department of Justice for proceedings before an immigration judge \"has risen exponentially, more than tripling between 2013 and 2018.\" The attorney general added, \"Only a small minority of these individuals, however, are ultimately granted asylum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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