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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/afford_072221_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11882207\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/afford_072221_final.png\" alt='A Mark Fiore cartoon showing the CEOs of Chevron and PBF Energy atop billions of dollars while they look at air pollution devices that cost around $250 million. The Chevron CEO says, \"how will we ever afford them?\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1336\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/afford_072221_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/afford_072221_final-800x557.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/afford_072221_final-1020x710.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/afford_072221_final-160x111.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/afford_072221_final-1536x1069.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air regulators at the Bay Area Air Quality Management District \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fiorerefineryscrubbers\">voted to force Chevron's Richmond refinery and PBF Energy's refinery in Martinez\u003c/a> to dramatically cut down the particulate matter they emit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both corporations, of course, were up in arms about the cost of installing the scrubbing devices that will allow them to meet the new requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air regulators estimated the cost of the wet gas scrubbers to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/san-francisco-nearing-vote-drastically-cut-refinery-pollution-with-new-tech-2021-06-15/\">around $250 million\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a lot of money, unless your annual revenues are measured in the billions: over $94 billion for Chevron and $15 billion for PBF Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That seems like a small price to pay for helping to keep people in the surrounding communities alive and healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bay Area Refineries Must Dramatically Cut Pollution, Air District Says in Historic Vote",
"title": "Bay Area Refineries Must Dramatically Cut Pollution, Air District Says in Historic Vote",
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"content": "\u003cp>Local air regulators moved Wednesday to require two of California's largest oil refineries to significantly reduce the amount of pollution they spew into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board that oversees the Bay Area Air Quality Management District voted 19 to 3 to force Chevron's Richmond refinery and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbfenergy.com/refineries/\">PBF Energy-owned refinery in Martinez\u003c/a> to cut down on the particulate matter emitted by a key part of their plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote came after two separate days of hours-long hearings and threats of a lawsuit from the oil industry, along with pressure from environmentalists, health advocates, refinery workers and labor leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whatever we do we're going to face a legal challenge and that's the name of the game,\" said Nate Miley, a member of the board and an Alameda County supervisor. \"I want history to show, at least my vote, that I was on the side of protecting communities, putting the health of people above cost, above money, above refineries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To satisfy the \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/rules-and-compliance/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units?rule_version=2020%20Amendment#:~:text=Description%3A,precursors%20of%20secondary%20particulate%20matter.,\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new rules\u003c/a>, the two oil companies would most likely need to buy and install air pollution devices known as wet gas scrubbers at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"John Bauters, Bay Area Air Quality Management District board director\"]'Oil and gas companies have built a multi-billion dollar industry at the expense of largely Brown, Black, impoverished or politically under-represented communities for decades. They have externalized hazardous materials, pollution and waste onto the people we as a board collectively represent.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote is the culmination of work started by air district staff in 2019. Dozens of agency workers researched the proposal, worked with outside departments and took comments from the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's hearing was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878624/a-pivotal-moment-for-regulating-the-bay-areas-oil-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second\u003c/a> before the full board on the proposed rule. In early June, so many environmentalists, refinery workers, union officials and local residents offered public comment that the board had to delay the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, more than 300 people spoke during the public comment periods of both meetings, according to the air district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Wednesday's public comment period, board director John Bauters, a member of the Emeryville City Council who chaired the district committee that first approved the rule, implored his colleagues to act aggressively to protect people who live near the region's refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Oil and gas companies have built a multi-billion dollar industry at the expense of largely brown, Black, impoverished or politically underrepresented communities for decades,\" Bauters said. \"They have externalized hazardous materials, pollution and waste onto the people we as a board collectively represent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and health advocates have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11874932/air-regulators-weigh-plan-aimed-at-dramatically-cutting-bay-area-refinery-pollution\">urged\u003c/a> the board to approve the proposal. They emphasized the need to protect the health of residents who live near the refineries, many of whom are low-income people of color in areas with higher rates of respiratory disease. Refineries in other parts of the country use the wet gas scrubbers, they said, and the ones in the Bay Area could easily follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am asking the air district to stand with me for our mothers and our babies and to remain true to their mission,\" said Dr. Teresa Muñoz, an obstetrician-gynecologist in Richmond, at a press conference in late May held a few blocks from the Chevron refinery. \"Please keep your word.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Davina Hurt, Bay Area Air Quality Management District board director\"]'People are being asked to wait. It's very reminiscent to what my parents and their parents have heard living in the South... In this case you need to wait to breathe clean air. 'Wait' almost always means 'never.' '[/pullquote]Some oil executives, labor leaders and refinery workers urged directors to go with a less stringent proposal. They said the one the board approved Wednesday will hurt jobs, raise the cost of gasoline and hurt local airports that rely on the two refineries. They also said the large devices they may need to buy to satisfy the new rule use too much water and won't achieve the environmental gains predicted by the air agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement after the vote, Chevron said it has already reduced its particulate matter releases, argued those reductions were greater than the ones required under the new rule and indicated it might sue the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, rather than rely on actual data from our facility, Air Board Members adopted a rule based on erroneous data that fails to significantly improve local air quality at an extreme cost that could impact Bay Area consumers who rely on affordable energy in their daily lives,\" company spokesman Brian Hubinger said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rule threatens the supply of affordable, reliable and ever-cleaner energy at a time when our regional economy is still struggling to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. In this case, the rulemaking effort is so flawed that we will investigate our legal options to ensure we can meet environmental goals, continue to provide fuels that meet strict environmental standards and save energy jobs in our community,\" Chevron's Hubinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBF Energy executives have told the air district the rule would force them to close down their refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement after Wednesday's hearing, PBF's Western Region President, Paul Davis, said the company expected the vote would come down the way it did and emphasized that the new rule only required emissions reductions, not necessarily the installation of a wet gas scrubber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"PBF has previously planned projects that will be implemented over the coming months that will allow our Martinez refinery to achieve emissions reductions significantly closer to the desired level in the first quarter of 2022,\" Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will continue to work with the BAAQMD to arrive at our mutually desired goal of improving air quality and continuing to provide our vital products to one of the largest fuel markets in the world,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='refineries']A proposal floated during Wednesday's meeting to delay the vote and bring along the other, less-stringent rule to a future hearing lost steam after a growing number of directors indicated they wanted to move forward now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Director Davina Hurt, a Belmont City Council member, likened efforts to delay the vote to the nation's slow pace in responding to calls for racial equality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are being asked to wait. It's very reminiscent to what my parents and their parents have heard living in the South and in Indiana and [which was] prominent during the civil rights movement and even emancipation,\" Hurt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In this case, you need to wait to breathe clean air,\" she said. \"'Wait' almost always means 'never.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule change is aimed at cutting down the amount of particulate matter released into the air from refineries' fluidized catalytic cracking units. Those units use a chemical catalyst to help break down heavy crude oil into lighter components for products like gasoline. During the cracking process, the catalyst is coated with a carbon material called coke, which is then burned off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district said that the procedure emits more particulate matter than any other part of the refining process and makes up a significant portion of each plant's total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air district staff said the rule change will save lives and millions of dollars in health costs. They said agency studies found that the predominantly Latino and Black communities in the areas around the refineries were exposed to particulate matter at a disproportionately higher rate than others in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some directors and others expressed concern about the amount of water wet gas scrubbers use - and that bringing them on in a drought would exacerbate the region's worsening water supply. Air district staff and other supporters of the proposal said the increase in water use is small compared to what the refineries already use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule is set to take effect in five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Local air regulators moved Wednesday to require two of California's largest oil refineries to significantly reduce the amount of pollution they spew into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board that oversees the Bay Area Air Quality Management District voted 19 to 3 to force Chevron's Richmond refinery and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbfenergy.com/refineries/\">PBF Energy-owned refinery in Martinez\u003c/a> to cut down on the particulate matter emitted by a key part of their plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote came after two separate days of hours-long hearings and threats of a lawsuit from the oil industry, along with pressure from environmentalists, health advocates, refinery workers and labor leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whatever we do we're going to face a legal challenge and that's the name of the game,\" said Nate Miley, a member of the board and an Alameda County supervisor. \"I want history to show, at least my vote, that I was on the side of protecting communities, putting the health of people above cost, above money, above refineries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To satisfy the \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/rules-and-compliance/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units?rule_version=2020%20Amendment#:~:text=Description%3A,precursors%20of%20secondary%20particulate%20matter.,\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new rules\u003c/a>, the two oil companies would most likely need to buy and install air pollution devices known as wet gas scrubbers at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote is the culmination of work started by air district staff in 2019. Dozens of agency workers researched the proposal, worked with outside departments and took comments from the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's hearing was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878624/a-pivotal-moment-for-regulating-the-bay-areas-oil-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second\u003c/a> before the full board on the proposed rule. In early June, so many environmentalists, refinery workers, union officials and local residents offered public comment that the board had to delay the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, more than 300 people spoke during the public comment periods of both meetings, according to the air district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Wednesday's public comment period, board director John Bauters, a member of the Emeryville City Council who chaired the district committee that first approved the rule, implored his colleagues to act aggressively to protect people who live near the region's refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Oil and gas companies have built a multi-billion dollar industry at the expense of largely brown, Black, impoverished or politically underrepresented communities for decades,\" Bauters said. \"They have externalized hazardous materials, pollution and waste onto the people we as a board collectively represent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and health advocates have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11874932/air-regulators-weigh-plan-aimed-at-dramatically-cutting-bay-area-refinery-pollution\">urged\u003c/a> the board to approve the proposal. They emphasized the need to protect the health of residents who live near the refineries, many of whom are low-income people of color in areas with higher rates of respiratory disease. Refineries in other parts of the country use the wet gas scrubbers, they said, and the ones in the Bay Area could easily follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am asking the air district to stand with me for our mothers and our babies and to remain true to their mission,\" said Dr. Teresa Muñoz, an obstetrician-gynecologist in Richmond, at a press conference in late May held a few blocks from the Chevron refinery. \"Please keep your word.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some oil executives, labor leaders and refinery workers urged directors to go with a less stringent proposal. They said the one the board approved Wednesday will hurt jobs, raise the cost of gasoline and hurt local airports that rely on the two refineries. They also said the large devices they may need to buy to satisfy the new rule use too much water and won't achieve the environmental gains predicted by the air agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement after the vote, Chevron said it has already reduced its particulate matter releases, argued those reductions were greater than the ones required under the new rule and indicated it might sue the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, rather than rely on actual data from our facility, Air Board Members adopted a rule based on erroneous data that fails to significantly improve local air quality at an extreme cost that could impact Bay Area consumers who rely on affordable energy in their daily lives,\" company spokesman Brian Hubinger said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rule threatens the supply of affordable, reliable and ever-cleaner energy at a time when our regional economy is still struggling to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. In this case, the rulemaking effort is so flawed that we will investigate our legal options to ensure we can meet environmental goals, continue to provide fuels that meet strict environmental standards and save energy jobs in our community,\" Chevron's Hubinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBF Energy executives have told the air district the rule would force them to close down their refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement after Wednesday's hearing, PBF's Western Region President, Paul Davis, said the company expected the vote would come down the way it did and emphasized that the new rule only required emissions reductions, not necessarily the installation of a wet gas scrubber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"PBF has previously planned projects that will be implemented over the coming months that will allow our Martinez refinery to achieve emissions reductions significantly closer to the desired level in the first quarter of 2022,\" Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will continue to work with the BAAQMD to arrive at our mutually desired goal of improving air quality and continuing to provide our vital products to one of the largest fuel markets in the world,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A proposal floated during Wednesday's meeting to delay the vote and bring along the other, less-stringent rule to a future hearing lost steam after a growing number of directors indicated they wanted to move forward now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Director Davina Hurt, a Belmont City Council member, likened efforts to delay the vote to the nation's slow pace in responding to calls for racial equality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are being asked to wait. It's very reminiscent to what my parents and their parents have heard living in the South and in Indiana and [which was] prominent during the civil rights movement and even emancipation,\" Hurt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In this case, you need to wait to breathe clean air,\" she said. \"'Wait' almost always means 'never.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule change is aimed at cutting down the amount of particulate matter released into the air from refineries' fluidized catalytic cracking units. Those units use a chemical catalyst to help break down heavy crude oil into lighter components for products like gasoline. During the cracking process, the catalyst is coated with a carbon material called coke, which is then burned off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district said that the procedure emits more particulate matter than any other part of the refining process and makes up a significant portion of each plant's total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air district staff said the rule change will save lives and millions of dollars in health costs. They said agency studies found that the predominantly Latino and Black communities in the areas around the refineries were exposed to particulate matter at a disproportionately higher rate than others in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some directors and others expressed concern about the amount of water wet gas scrubbers use - and that bringing them on in a drought would exacerbate the region's worsening water supply. Air district staff and other supporters of the proposal said the increase in water use is small compared to what the refineries already use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule is set to take effect in five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11878745\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final.png\" alt=\"A Mark Fiore cartoon showing the choice facing Bay Area air pollution regulators as a vote between pollution: yes or no. The cartoon features refinery smokestacks and pipes and two young children looking on with concern.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1319\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final-800x550.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final-1020x701.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final-160x110.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final-1536x1055.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vote on a proposal by Bay Area air regulators that would \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11874932/air-regulators-weigh-plan-aimed-at-dramatically-cutting-bay-area-refinery-pollution\">dramatically reduce air pollution\u003c/a> and potentially cost oil companies hundreds of millions of dollars \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorethebayrefineries\">was delayed\u003c/a> after a huge outpouring of public comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District board is considering ordering refineries to lower the amount of particulate matter they can emit, which could force Chevron and PBF Energy to install additional equipment to reduce the amount of air pollution they emit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I sure hope that the health of communities surrounding refineries takes precedence over a corporation's bottom line and, yes, jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11878745\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final.png\" alt=\"A Mark Fiore cartoon showing the choice facing Bay Area air pollution regulators as a vote between pollution: yes or no. The cartoon features refinery smokestacks and pipes and two young children looking on with concern.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1319\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final-800x550.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final-1020x701.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final-160x110.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbervote_062121_final-1536x1055.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vote on a proposal by Bay Area air regulators that would \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11874932/air-regulators-weigh-plan-aimed-at-dramatically-cutting-bay-area-refinery-pollution\">dramatically reduce air pollution\u003c/a> and potentially cost oil companies hundreds of millions of dollars \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorethebayrefineries\">was delayed\u003c/a> after a huge outpouring of public comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District board is considering ordering refineries to lower the amount of particulate matter they can emit, which could force Chevron and PBF Energy to install additional equipment to reduce the amount of air pollution they emit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I sure hope that the health of communities surrounding refineries takes precedence over a corporation's bottom line and, yes, jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11876332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final.png\" alt='A Mark Fiore cartoon about Bay Area oil refineries and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District captioned, \"decisions, decisions.\" The cartoon shows a refinery on the left with an \"air pollution scrubber\" and on the right, a community of people of color with asthma, low birth weight, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-800x531.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-1020x677.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-1536x1020.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators are set to vote on a proposal that would \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorerefineryairpollution\">dramatically reduce the amount of pollution\u003c/a> oil refineries are allowed to spew into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chevron and PBF Energy — with refineries in Richmond and Martinez, respectively — have both complained about the cost of installing \"wet gas scrubbers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the anti-pollution devices would apparently cost hundreds of millions of dollars, corporations complaining about financial pain is a tough sell in light of the health impacts communities surrounding the refineries have been suffering for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11876332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final.png\" alt='A Mark Fiore cartoon about Bay Area oil refineries and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District captioned, \"decisions, decisions.\" The cartoon shows a refinery on the left with an \"air pollution scrubber\" and on the right, a community of people of color with asthma, low birth weight, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-800x531.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-1020x677.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-1536x1020.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators are set to vote on a proposal that would \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorerefineryairpollution\">dramatically reduce the amount of pollution\u003c/a> oil refineries are allowed to spew into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chevron and PBF Energy — with refineries in Richmond and Martinez, respectively — have both complained about the cost of installing \"wet gas scrubbers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the anti-pollution devices would apparently cost hundreds of millions of dollars, corporations complaining about financial pain is a tough sell in light of the health impacts communities surrounding the refineries have been suffering for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "air-regulators-weigh-plan-aimed-at-dramatically-cutting-bay-area-refinery-pollution",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators are considering requiring the oil industry to significantly reduce the amount of pollution local refineries spew into the region’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board that oversees the Bay Area Air Quality Management District plans to vote Wednesday on a proposal that could force two of California’s largest refineries — Chevron’s Richmond refinery and the PBF Energy refinery in Martinez — to install air pollution devices at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the proposed rule change, including environmentalists and health and air quality experts, say the change is needed to protect the health of residents who live near the refineries, many of whom are low-income people of color in areas with higher rates of respiratory disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Teresa Muñoz, obstetrician-gynecologist in Richmond\"]‘I am asking the air district to stand with me for our mothers and our babies and to remain true to their mission.’[/pullquote]Advocates argue the board should approve the change, if for no other reason than to honor the agency’s own \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/about-the-air-district/mission-statement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stated mission\u003c/a> of protecting and improving public health and air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am asking the air district to stand with me for our mothers and our babies and to remain true to their mission,” said Dr. Teresa Muñoz, an obstetrician-gynecologist in Richmond, at a press conference last Wednesday held a few blocks from the Chevron refinery. “Please keep your word.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil industry representatives, led by Chevron and PBF Energy, are urging the agency to reject the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBF says if the proposal is approved, it will be forced to shut down its Martinez plant, which it purchased from Shell early last year. Attorneys for Chevron say the data the air district staff used in creating the potential change is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In short, this rulemaking has been procedurally defective, technically inaccurate, and the potential benefits of the proposed amendments are overstated,” Michael Carroll, a partner at Latham & Watkins, wrote on behalf of Chevron in an April 30 \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/comments/20210430_chevron_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to the air district.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cracking Units\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At issue are key refinery components called fluidized catalytic cracking units. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cracking units use a chemical catalyst to help break down heavy crude oil into lighter components for products like gasoline. During the cracking process, the catalyst is coated with a carbon material called coke, which is then burned off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says that procedure, part of normal daily operations at many large refineries, emits more \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics#PM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">particulate matter\u003c/a> than any other part of the refining process and makes up a significant portion of each plant’s total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Proposal: Bring on the Scrubbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The proposal before the 24-member air district board would amend \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/rules-and-compliance/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units?rule_version=2020%20Amendment#:~:text=Description%3A,precursors%20of%20secondary%20particulate%20matter.,\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Regulation 6 Rule 5\u003c/a>, limiting the amount of particulate matter, ammonia and sulfur dioxide the cracking units emit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says the change could cut annual Chevron and PBF emissions of PM10 particulates by an estimated 400 tons — or 72% — from the recently reported level of 554 tons a year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal is not expected to affect Phillips 66 in Rodeo, which does not have a fluid catalytic cracking unit, or Marathon in Martinez, which is currently idled. Both refineries are being converted to produce renewable diesel fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved, the rule would go into effect in five years, requiring Chevron and PBF to buy and install a system called a wet gas scrubber, a unit that Valero’s Benicia refinery already has. The scrubbers capture and remove pollutants by sending exhaust gas through sprays of scrubbing liquid. The district says the scrubbers can significantly reduce the particulate matter released into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Dirty Air\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Particulate matter is essentially what some experts call “dirty air,” which contains things like soot, dust and dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area residents have become more familiar with the air quality concerns associated with particulate matter as a result of massive wildfires in recent years that have fouled the region’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compelling evidence also indicates that fine particulate matter is the most significant air pollution health hazard in the Bay Area,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/documents/20210330_sr_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">air district staff wrote\u003c/a> in the agency’s report on the proposal. “Reducing particulate matter emissions can reduce mortality and increase average life span.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"oil-refineries\"]Fine inhalable particulate matter with diameters that are generally 2.5 micrometers or smaller — known as PM2.5 — can exacerbate conditions for people who have preexisting heart and lung conditions, including children with asthma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research has linked exposure to particulate matter to cardiovascular disease, changes in cognitive function, low birth weight and preterm births, among other health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who gets the heaviest exposures to PM2.5? Low-income communities of color,” said John Balmes, a professor of medicine at UCSF, who sits on the California Air Resources Board. “Where do they put refineries? Usually adjacent to low-income communities of color.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule change before the board also includes a limit on the total amount of PM10 an oil refinery releases, although most of those emissions are understood to be within the PM2.5 size range, an air district representative said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The refineries that surround us in the Bay Area are the largest source of industrial air pollution [in the region], which is dangerous to health” said Dr. Amanda Millstein, a pediatrician in Richmond and co-founder of Climate Health Now, a group of California health professionals pushing to transition away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time to protect health over the financial interests of the fossil fuel industry,” she said. “The air district board needs to fulfill its mission to provide a healthy breathing environment to every Bay Area resident and require the best available retrofit technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Industry Opposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>PBF says a wet gas scrubber would cost too much and that its Martinez refinery doesn’t have enough space for such a unit. The New Jersey-based company says the scrubber would require considerable amounts of fresh water, electricity and natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, according to air district staff, refineries that use wet gas scrubbers use between 120,000 and 430,000 gallons of water a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal “will force us to shut down the Martinez refinery,” Paul Davis, PBF’s western region president, wrote in an April 29 letter to the district. He added that the refinery can work to reduce its particulate matter releases but not by as much as air district staff are recommending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"John Balmes, UCSF professor of medicine and California Air Resources Board member\"]‘Who gets the heaviest exposures to PM2.5? Low-income communities of color. Where do they put refineries? Usually adjacent to low-income communities of color.’[/pullquote]Chevron says it has been steadily reducing its emissions. The San Ramon-based oil giant says its Richmond modernization project, which involved bringing in a new hydrogen plant along with other developments, has brought about a larger reduction in particulate emissions than the district’s proposed change would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron said in a series of letters to the the agency that the district’s research on the proposal was riddled with errors and had not taken into account recent refinery improvements. It also said the district had underestimated the cost of installing and operating a wet gas scrubber and overestimated the projected emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the capital costs will indeed be exorbitant, the public health benefits will be negligible,” Carroll, of Latham & Watkins, \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/comments/20210430_chevron_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> on behalf of Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]Refinery industry executives and some labor leaders say the rule change could also reduce high-quality blue-collar jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But local environmentalists argue the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good for public health and good for the economy,” said Dan Sakaguchi, a researcher for Communities for a Better Environment, a Richmond-based group that has long called for stronger refinery regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This policy would result in significant economic benefits, including creating thousands of community-supporting jobs, through the installation of new technology to reduce pollution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_agenda_060221_rv-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">meeting\u003c/a> will be held on Wednesday at 9:30 a.m. The public can read the agency’s presentation \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_presentations_060221_op-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> and watch the hearing live \u003ca href=\"https://bayareametro.zoom.us/j/82294699509#success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Supporters of the proposed change say the rule would cut particulate emissions from two East Bay refineries by more than 70%.",
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"title": "Air Regulators Weigh Plan Aimed at Dramatically Cutting Bay Area Refinery Pollution | KQED",
"description": "Supporters of the proposed change say the rule would cut particulate emissions from two East Bay refineries by more than 70%.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators are considering requiring the oil industry to significantly reduce the amount of pollution local refineries spew into the region’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board that oversees the Bay Area Air Quality Management District plans to vote Wednesday on a proposal that could force two of California’s largest refineries — Chevron’s Richmond refinery and the PBF Energy refinery in Martinez — to install air pollution devices at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the proposed rule change, including environmentalists and health and air quality experts, say the change is needed to protect the health of residents who live near the refineries, many of whom are low-income people of color in areas with higher rates of respiratory disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I am asking the air district to stand with me for our mothers and our babies and to remain true to their mission.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Advocates argue the board should approve the change, if for no other reason than to honor the agency’s own \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/about-the-air-district/mission-statement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stated mission\u003c/a> of protecting and improving public health and air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am asking the air district to stand with me for our mothers and our babies and to remain true to their mission,” said Dr. Teresa Muñoz, an obstetrician-gynecologist in Richmond, at a press conference last Wednesday held a few blocks from the Chevron refinery. “Please keep your word.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil industry representatives, led by Chevron and PBF Energy, are urging the agency to reject the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBF says if the proposal is approved, it will be forced to shut down its Martinez plant, which it purchased from Shell early last year. Attorneys for Chevron say the data the air district staff used in creating the potential change is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In short, this rulemaking has been procedurally defective, technically inaccurate, and the potential benefits of the proposed amendments are overstated,” Michael Carroll, a partner at Latham & Watkins, wrote on behalf of Chevron in an April 30 \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/comments/20210430_chevron_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to the air district.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cracking Units\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At issue are key refinery components called fluidized catalytic cracking units. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cracking units use a chemical catalyst to help break down heavy crude oil into lighter components for products like gasoline. During the cracking process, the catalyst is coated with a carbon material called coke, which is then burned off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says that procedure, part of normal daily operations at many large refineries, emits more \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics#PM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">particulate matter\u003c/a> than any other part of the refining process and makes up a significant portion of each plant’s total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Proposal: Bring on the Scrubbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The proposal before the 24-member air district board would amend \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/rules-and-compliance/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units?rule_version=2020%20Amendment#:~:text=Description%3A,precursors%20of%20secondary%20particulate%20matter.,\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Regulation 6 Rule 5\u003c/a>, limiting the amount of particulate matter, ammonia and sulfur dioxide the cracking units emit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says the change could cut annual Chevron and PBF emissions of PM10 particulates by an estimated 400 tons — or 72% — from the recently reported level of 554 tons a year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal is not expected to affect Phillips 66 in Rodeo, which does not have a fluid catalytic cracking unit, or Marathon in Martinez, which is currently idled. Both refineries are being converted to produce renewable diesel fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved, the rule would go into effect in five years, requiring Chevron and PBF to buy and install a system called a wet gas scrubber, a unit that Valero’s Benicia refinery already has. The scrubbers capture and remove pollutants by sending exhaust gas through sprays of scrubbing liquid. The district says the scrubbers can significantly reduce the particulate matter released into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Dirty Air\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Particulate matter is essentially what some experts call “dirty air,” which contains things like soot, dust and dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area residents have become more familiar with the air quality concerns associated with particulate matter as a result of massive wildfires in recent years that have fouled the region’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compelling evidence also indicates that fine particulate matter is the most significant air pollution health hazard in the Bay Area,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/documents/20210330_sr_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">air district staff wrote\u003c/a> in the agency’s report on the proposal. “Reducing particulate matter emissions can reduce mortality and increase average life span.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Fine inhalable particulate matter with diameters that are generally 2.5 micrometers or smaller — known as PM2.5 — can exacerbate conditions for people who have preexisting heart and lung conditions, including children with asthma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research has linked exposure to particulate matter to cardiovascular disease, changes in cognitive function, low birth weight and preterm births, among other health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who gets the heaviest exposures to PM2.5? Low-income communities of color,” said John Balmes, a professor of medicine at UCSF, who sits on the California Air Resources Board. “Where do they put refineries? Usually adjacent to low-income communities of color.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule change before the board also includes a limit on the total amount of PM10 an oil refinery releases, although most of those emissions are understood to be within the PM2.5 size range, an air district representative said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The refineries that surround us in the Bay Area are the largest source of industrial air pollution [in the region], which is dangerous to health” said Dr. Amanda Millstein, a pediatrician in Richmond and co-founder of Climate Health Now, a group of California health professionals pushing to transition away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time to protect health over the financial interests of the fossil fuel industry,” she said. “The air district board needs to fulfill its mission to provide a healthy breathing environment to every Bay Area resident and require the best available retrofit technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Industry Opposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>PBF says a wet gas scrubber would cost too much and that its Martinez refinery doesn’t have enough space for such a unit. The New Jersey-based company says the scrubber would require considerable amounts of fresh water, electricity and natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, according to air district staff, refineries that use wet gas scrubbers use between 120,000 and 430,000 gallons of water a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal “will force us to shut down the Martinez refinery,” Paul Davis, PBF’s western region president, wrote in an April 29 letter to the district. He added that the refinery can work to reduce its particulate matter releases but not by as much as air district staff are recommending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Chevron says it has been steadily reducing its emissions. The San Ramon-based oil giant says its Richmond modernization project, which involved bringing in a new hydrogen plant along with other developments, has brought about a larger reduction in particulate emissions than the district’s proposed change would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron said in a series of letters to the the agency that the district’s research on the proposal was riddled with errors and had not taken into account recent refinery improvements. It also said the district had underestimated the cost of installing and operating a wet gas scrubber and overestimated the projected emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the capital costs will indeed be exorbitant, the public health benefits will be negligible,” Carroll, of Latham & Watkins, \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/comments/20210430_chevron_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> on behalf of Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Refinery industry executives and some labor leaders say the rule change could also reduce high-quality blue-collar jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But local environmentalists argue the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good for public health and good for the economy,” said Dan Sakaguchi, a researcher for Communities for a Better Environment, a Richmond-based group that has long called for stronger refinery regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This policy would result in significant economic benefits, including creating thousands of community-supporting jobs, through the installation of new technology to reduce pollution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_agenda_060221_rv-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">meeting\u003c/a> will be held on Wednesday at 9:30 a.m. The public can read the agency’s presentation \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_presentations_060221_op-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> and watch the hearing live \u003ca href=\"https://bayareametro.zoom.us/j/82294699509#success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Fleet Of Cars to Collect Block-by-Block Air Quality Data in Bay Area",
"headTitle": "Fleet Of Cars to Collect Block-by-Block Air Quality Data in Bay Area | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A fleet of Toyota Priuses equipped with sensors to detect greenhouse gases, particulate matter and other pollutants is monitoring air quality across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District announced this month that the hybrids will collect block-by-block data from all nine Bay Area counties, spanning more than 5,000 square miles of public roads. The district will use data collected through this year and early 2021 to create hyper-local air quality maps. Those will be available to the public on the BAAQMD’s website starting later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1955799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Bay Area Air Quality Management District’s fleet of low-emissions cars will measure air quality with a unit of sensors stored in the back. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The air district is partnering with technology company \u003ca href=\"https://aclima.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aclima\u003c/a> to outfit the mobile fleet with sensors that measure pollution in the form of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and fine particulate matter, all detrimental to human health. Aclima will help analyze the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality district executive officer Jack Broadbent says recent wildfires, climate change and federal rollbacks of emission standards have created a need for more precise local air quality tracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we need now, more than ever, are facts,” Broadbent said, adding that his agency is going to use “new technologies and approaches to build upon our air quality data to better inform our actions and protect Bay Area residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has 30 stationary air monitoring stations spread across the region. Data from these stations feeds into the continually updating federal \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_city&cityid=317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AirNow map\u003c/a>. But this data doesn’t reflect the differences in air quality across all Bay Area cities or neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote] The Air Quality District’s chief says the data will “help drive the air quality and climate efforts well into the future.”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study published in \u003cem>Environmental Science & Technology\u003c/em> in 2017 showed that pollution in West Oakland could \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1950648/californians-turn-to-low-cost-sensors-for-highly-local-air-quality-info\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vary significantly from block to block\u003c/a>. The researchers mounted air sensors onto Google Street View cars. Air quality maps that use data from consumer air sensors, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Purple Air\u003c/a>, have painted a similar picture in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1955800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The air intake valve on one of the Air District’s new pollution monitoring cars. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the BAAQMD won’t post the new data in real time, it will be compiled over months and used to create a public map of air pollution and greenhouse levels on every block in the Bay Area. The map will be similar to the \u003ca href=\"https://insights.aclima.io/west-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one\u003c/a> created for West Oakland, according to Aclima.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This new data will help us identify pollution hotspots in order to strengthen and target our actions to reduce emissions … partnering with local governments and communities to protect public health,” said Ranyee Chiang, the BAAQMD’s director of meterology and measurement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadbent says the project will give policymakers accurate data to “help drive the air quality and climate efforts well into the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August the district dispatched the first vehicles to the Richmond-San Pablo area. The fleet has since expanded to San Francisco, Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties. The rollout will be completed in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from BAAQMD and Aclima say the Bay Area fleet will eventually number “dozens” of cars that measure air quality 24 hours a day, seven days a week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A fleet of Toyota Priuses equipped with sensors to detect greenhouse gases, particulate matter and other pollutants is monitoring air quality across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District announced this month that the hybrids will collect block-by-block data from all nine Bay Area counties, spanning more than 5,000 square miles of public roads. The district will use data collected through this year and early 2021 to create hyper-local air quality maps. Those will be available to the public on the BAAQMD’s website starting later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1955799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Bay Area Air Quality Management District’s fleet of low-emissions cars will measure air quality with a unit of sensors stored in the back. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The air district is partnering with technology company \u003ca href=\"https://aclima.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aclima\u003c/a> to outfit the mobile fleet with sensors that measure pollution in the form of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and fine particulate matter, all detrimental to human health. Aclima will help analyze the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality district executive officer Jack Broadbent says recent wildfires, climate change and federal rollbacks of emission standards have created a need for more precise local air quality tracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we need now, more than ever, are facts,” Broadbent said, adding that his agency is going to use “new technologies and approaches to build upon our air quality data to better inform our actions and protect Bay Area residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has 30 stationary air monitoring stations spread across the region. Data from these stations feeds into the continually updating federal \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_city&cityid=317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AirNow map\u003c/a>. But this data doesn’t reflect the differences in air quality across all Bay Area cities or neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": " The Air Quality District’s chief says the data will “help drive the air quality and climate efforts well into the future.”",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study published in \u003cem>Environmental Science & Technology\u003c/em> in 2017 showed that pollution in West Oakland could \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1950648/californians-turn-to-low-cost-sensors-for-highly-local-air-quality-info\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vary significantly from block to block\u003c/a>. The researchers mounted air sensors onto Google Street View cars. Air quality maps that use data from consumer air sensors, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Purple Air\u003c/a>, have painted a similar picture in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1955800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The air intake valve on one of the Air District’s new pollution monitoring cars. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the BAAQMD won’t post the new data in real time, it will be compiled over months and used to create a public map of air pollution and greenhouse levels on every block in the Bay Area. The map will be similar to the \u003ca href=\"https://insights.aclima.io/west-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one\u003c/a> created for West Oakland, according to Aclima.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This new data will help us identify pollution hotspots in order to strengthen and target our actions to reduce emissions … partnering with local governments and communities to protect public health,” said Ranyee Chiang, the BAAQMD’s director of meterology and measurement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadbent says the project will give policymakers accurate data to “help drive the air quality and climate efforts well into the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August the district dispatched the first vehicles to the Richmond-San Pablo area. The fleet has since expanded to San Francisco, Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties. The rollout will be completed in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from BAAQMD and Aclima say the Bay Area fleet will eventually number “dozens” of cars that measure air quality 24 hours a day, seven days a week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "bay-area-air-district-settles-whistleblower-suit-over-trove-of-destroyed-documents",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains \u003ca href=\"#correction\">a correction\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency that enforces air quality laws in the Bay Area has reached a $3.75 million settlement with a former employee who claimed he was fired for raising concerns that the agency deleted, threw away and shredded thousands of public records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement concludes a case in which Michael Bachmann, a former manager in the Bay Area Air Quality Management District’s information services department, and a colleague sued the agency for allegedly retaliating against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bachmann and the other employee, Sarah Steele, filed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Bay-Area-Pollution.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> in Contra Costa County Superior Court against the BAAQMD in 2017. The agency settled with Steele for $250,000 earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They accused the agency of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/clearing-out-the-file-cabinets-but-not-necessarily-the-air/Content?oid=27301158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">taking action against them\u003c/a> after they complained that air quality violation notices and other district communications were deleted from an online database and that reports about flaring at the region’s oil refineries were put in a dumpster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that $4 million speaks loudly,” said their lawyer, J. Gary Gwilliam, in an interview Monday. “They’re heroes. They stood up. Their careers were ruined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district board of directors approved the settlement on Oct. 2, according to agency spokeswoman Kristine Roselius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The air district has denied, and continues to deny, all allegations of wrongdoing,” Roselius said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The board made this decision in the best interests of the communities we serve and to uphold our fiduciary responsibility. We made the decision to settle the complaint rather than consume the air district’s resources on an issue that would have distracted us from our mission to protect the Bay Area’s residents and its climate,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former employees’ lawsuit said that while the district claimed Bachmann was fired for violating the agency’s vehicle use policy, insubordination and dishonesty on his employment application, the real reason he lost his job was retaliation over his complaints involving the public records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bachmann and Steele said the district violated public records and labor laws and demanded compensation for lost wages and benefits, emotional distress and attorneys’ fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public records allegations arose as the air district prepared to move from its previous offices on Ellis Street in San Francisco to the Bay Area Metro Center on Beale Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bachmann was tasked with collecting, storing and creating an inventory for the agency’s public documents. In 2015 he hired Steele to help remove files from the agency’s old office, digitize and store them at a storage site in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit says that in August 2015, Bachmann learned from an agency employee that documents tied to a lawsuit involving a now-closed Berkeley factory were being destroyed, even though they were subject to a court subpoena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit adds that in November 2015, Bachmann told a top district official that agency staff were throwing away notices of violations, flare reports and documents tied to ongoing litigation. The suit claims the district’s chief legal counsel told Bachmann that the agency did not need to document what it was destroying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2015, the suit recounted, Bachmann and Steele discovered that several thousand enforcement records, which included documents about air quality violations and district communication, were deleted from an online database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit claims both employees were subject to a “bogus investigation” after raising concerns the records were being improperly destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steele claimed that in January 2016, flare reports for the Chevron, Tesoro (now called Marathon) and Shell refineries were being discarded in a dumpster. She said after telling district staff she needed to collect and inventory the documents, a top official at the agency blocked her from doing so and complained about her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks later Bachmann was put on administrative leave for violating the district’s vehicle use policy, the suit said. Steele was fired, she was told, because her project was over. The lawsuit claims her job was given to another worker who went on to destroy more agency records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gwilliam says the settlement changes Bachmann’s employment status from “terminated” to “retired.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He likened Bachmann and Steele to the whistleblower who raised concerns about \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Unclassified09.2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the July 25 phone call\u003c/a> between President Trump and the president of Ukraine that led to the current \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11791414/house-slated-to-impeach-trump-this-week-how-it-will-work-and-what-comes-next\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">articles of impeachment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whistleblowers like Michael and Sarah need to be honored and appreciated,” he said. “These are the kinds of people we need to keep organizations, public and nonpublic, honest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca id=\"correction\">\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>Correction:\u003c/strong> Based on statements from Michael Bachmann’s attorney, this story originally reported that Bachmann’s settlement with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District changed his employment status with the agency from “terminated” to “retired” so that he could receive retirement benefits. The attorney’s firm now says that the change in status will not qualify Bachmann for retirement benefits. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains \u003ca href=\"#correction\">a correction\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency that enforces air quality laws in the Bay Area has reached a $3.75 million settlement with a former employee who claimed he was fired for raising concerns that the agency deleted, threw away and shredded thousands of public records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement concludes a case in which Michael Bachmann, a former manager in the Bay Area Air Quality Management District’s information services department, and a colleague sued the agency for allegedly retaliating against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bachmann and the other employee, Sarah Steele, filed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Bay-Area-Pollution.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> in Contra Costa County Superior Court against the BAAQMD in 2017. The agency settled with Steele for $250,000 earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They accused the agency of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/clearing-out-the-file-cabinets-but-not-necessarily-the-air/Content?oid=27301158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">taking action against them\u003c/a> after they complained that air quality violation notices and other district communications were deleted from an online database and that reports about flaring at the region’s oil refineries were put in a dumpster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that $4 million speaks loudly,” said their lawyer, J. Gary Gwilliam, in an interview Monday. “They’re heroes. They stood up. Their careers were ruined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district board of directors approved the settlement on Oct. 2, according to agency spokeswoman Kristine Roselius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The air district has denied, and continues to deny, all allegations of wrongdoing,” Roselius said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The board made this decision in the best interests of the communities we serve and to uphold our fiduciary responsibility. We made the decision to settle the complaint rather than consume the air district’s resources on an issue that would have distracted us from our mission to protect the Bay Area’s residents and its climate,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former employees’ lawsuit said that while the district claimed Bachmann was fired for violating the agency’s vehicle use policy, insubordination and dishonesty on his employment application, the real reason he lost his job was retaliation over his complaints involving the public records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bachmann and Steele said the district violated public records and labor laws and demanded compensation for lost wages and benefits, emotional distress and attorneys’ fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public records allegations arose as the air district prepared to move from its previous offices on Ellis Street in San Francisco to the Bay Area Metro Center on Beale Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bachmann was tasked with collecting, storing and creating an inventory for the agency’s public documents. In 2015 he hired Steele to help remove files from the agency’s old office, digitize and store them at a storage site in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit says that in August 2015, Bachmann learned from an agency employee that documents tied to a lawsuit involving a now-closed Berkeley factory were being destroyed, even though they were subject to a court subpoena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit adds that in November 2015, Bachmann told a top district official that agency staff were throwing away notices of violations, flare reports and documents tied to ongoing litigation. The suit claims the district’s chief legal counsel told Bachmann that the agency did not need to document what it was destroying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2015, the suit recounted, Bachmann and Steele discovered that several thousand enforcement records, which included documents about air quality violations and district communication, were deleted from an online database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit claims both employees were subject to a “bogus investigation” after raising concerns the records were being improperly destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steele claimed that in January 2016, flare reports for the Chevron, Tesoro (now called Marathon) and Shell refineries were being discarded in a dumpster. She said after telling district staff she needed to collect and inventory the documents, a top official at the agency blocked her from doing so and complained about her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks later Bachmann was put on administrative leave for violating the district’s vehicle use policy, the suit said. Steele was fired, she was told, because her project was over. The lawsuit claims her job was given to another worker who went on to destroy more agency records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gwilliam says the settlement changes Bachmann’s employment status from “terminated” to “retired.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He likened Bachmann and Steele to the whistleblower who raised concerns about \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Unclassified09.2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the July 25 phone call\u003c/a> between President Trump and the president of Ukraine that led to the current \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11791414/house-slated-to-impeach-trump-this-week-how-it-will-work-and-what-comes-next\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">articles of impeachment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whistleblowers like Michael and Sarah need to be honored and appreciated,” he said. “These are the kinds of people we need to keep organizations, public and nonpublic, honest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca id=\"correction\">\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>Correction:\u003c/strong> Based on statements from Michael Bachmann’s attorney, this story originally reported that Bachmann’s settlement with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District changed his employment status with the agency from “terminated” to “retired” so that he could receive retirement benefits. The attorney’s firm now says that the change in status will not qualify Bachmann for retirement benefits. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Lone Worker Found Inside NuStar Plant During Massive Blaze Was a Contractor",
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"headTitle": "Lone Worker Found Inside NuStar Plant During Massive Blaze Was a Contractor | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>After responding to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11780224/shelter-in-place-order-issued-for-rodeo-crockett-following-fire-at-nustar-energy-facility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major explosion and fire\u003c/a> at the NuStar Energy plant in Crockett on Tuesday, rescue workers found only one person inside the facility — a contract worker who had been brought in to perform maintenance and was reportedly unable to tell firefighters what material was inside the tanks that were ablaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for California’s Department of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) said the worker was found trapped at the plant and had to be rescued by firefighters in the moments after emergency responders arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Cho, a NuStar representative, confirmed on Friday that the worker was not employed by the energy company, but declined to reveal the name of the worker’s employer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, since the contractor is not our employee, and part of the ongoing investigation, we are not at liberty to release that information. The contractor was at our terminal that day performing scheduled routine maintenance,” Cho said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/52c3efd17595df98882584940076d9f2?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,crockett\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">entry\u003c/a>, added just an hour after the fire, to a California Office of Emergency Services hazardous spills database, described the situation before the worker was rescued.[aside postID=\"news_11780224\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The facility was evacuated but there is one contract employee that could not get out of the building and they are in the back of the facility. Caller stated that the fire department is aware of the contractor location,” the entry stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worker was not seriously injured, Cal/OSHA spokesman Frank Polizzi said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NuStar on Friday afternoon released its \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/CCHS-HazMat-Incident-Notification-Att.-B-submittal-10-18-2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">72-hour follow-up report \u003c/a>to the county. The report notes the cause of the fire, which started at approximately 1:48 p.m. on Tuesday and was abated at about 9 p.m., is still unknown and under investigation. There were less than 3,000 barrels of denatured ethanol in each of the two tanks that caught fire, plus “an unknown quantity of other potential fuels (diesel and jet) released through broken lines,” according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also states that the terminal was evacuated within approximately two minutes, with the exception of the lone contractor, who was rescued within 20 minutes. There were no employee or contractor injuries and one firefighter sustained a minor burn injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s important to understand what training workers, whether they be contractors or employees, went through,” said Contra Costa County Supervisor John Gioia, who said the contractor was unable to give emergency workers any information about the tanks’ contents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A petrochemical facility, he added, needs to have a system in place for people who understand the plant to meet with first responders on arrival during emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s less important whether it’s a contractor or an employee and more about ensuring everybody there, however long they’ve worked there, is sufficiently trained to maximize safety and reduce harm at the facility,” said Gioia, who sits on the board of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District and the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gioia said the front gate of the NuStar facility was locked when firefighters arrived and that its emergency fire suppression system was not activated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NuStar has said there was “initial confusion” about which tanks were involved because the explosion and fire erupted so quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/VallejoFire/status/1184253063185358848?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the intensity of the fire during the first few minutes, they could not get close enough to verify which tanks were on fire,” Cho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company officials say the power at the terminal has been restored. But Cal/OSHA, earlier this week, ordered that operations at the facility be suspended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All movements of product into and out of the terminal are halted, as we assess the damage and develop a plan for repairs,” Cho said, adding that he didn’t know when operations would resume or how much the fire and suspension of operations would cost the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA inspectors issued an order to preserve evidence in the two tanks and the pipes involved in the blaze. They also issued an order to cease operations at the facility “until we can confirm that operations can resume safely,” said Erika Monterroza, another Cal/OSHA representative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cal/OSHA is working expeditiously to identify and correct hazards that may impact workers’ safety at the NuStar Energy facility or that of the surrounding community,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire sent up a huge plume of smoke for hours, prompting a shelter-in-place order for nearby communities and the closure of a section of Interstate 80.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County health officials detected elevated levels of particulate matter at the time of the fire, according to Randy Sawyer, the county’s chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that agency and the Air District have yet to release data on the air quality tests taken during the emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven patients who complained of respiratory distress went to the emergency room at Sutter Solano Medical Center in Vallejo, according to a hospital spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emergency rooms at Kaiser’s Richmond, Oakland and Vallejo hospitals did not see a significant increase in the number of patients as a result of the fire, said Kaiser representative Deniene Erickson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire is under investigation by the Contra Costa County Fire Department, the Air District and Cal/OSHA. However, the Chemical Safety Board, an independent federal agency that investigates serious industrial chemical accidents, confirmed that it was not investigating the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The lone contract worker at the plant had to be rescued by emergency workers and reportedly could not tell firefighters what type of materials were inside the tanks that were on fire.",
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"title": "Lone Worker Found Inside NuStar Plant During Massive Blaze Was a Contractor | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After responding to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11780224/shelter-in-place-order-issued-for-rodeo-crockett-following-fire-at-nustar-energy-facility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major explosion and fire\u003c/a> at the NuStar Energy plant in Crockett on Tuesday, rescue workers found only one person inside the facility — a contract worker who had been brought in to perform maintenance and was reportedly unable to tell firefighters what material was inside the tanks that were ablaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for California’s Department of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) said the worker was found trapped at the plant and had to be rescued by firefighters in the moments after emergency responders arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Cho, a NuStar representative, confirmed on Friday that the worker was not employed by the energy company, but declined to reveal the name of the worker’s employer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, since the contractor is not our employee, and part of the ongoing investigation, we are not at liberty to release that information. The contractor was at our terminal that day performing scheduled routine maintenance,” Cho said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/52c3efd17595df98882584940076d9f2?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,crockett\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">entry\u003c/a>, added just an hour after the fire, to a California Office of Emergency Services hazardous spills database, described the situation before the worker was rescued.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The facility was evacuated but there is one contract employee that could not get out of the building and they are in the back of the facility. Caller stated that the fire department is aware of the contractor location,” the entry stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worker was not seriously injured, Cal/OSHA spokesman Frank Polizzi said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NuStar on Friday afternoon released its \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/CCHS-HazMat-Incident-Notification-Att.-B-submittal-10-18-2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">72-hour follow-up report \u003c/a>to the county. The report notes the cause of the fire, which started at approximately 1:48 p.m. on Tuesday and was abated at about 9 p.m., is still unknown and under investigation. There were less than 3,000 barrels of denatured ethanol in each of the two tanks that caught fire, plus “an unknown quantity of other potential fuels (diesel and jet) released through broken lines,” according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also states that the terminal was evacuated within approximately two minutes, with the exception of the lone contractor, who was rescued within 20 minutes. There were no employee or contractor injuries and one firefighter sustained a minor burn injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s important to understand what training workers, whether they be contractors or employees, went through,” said Contra Costa County Supervisor John Gioia, who said the contractor was unable to give emergency workers any information about the tanks’ contents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A petrochemical facility, he added, needs to have a system in place for people who understand the plant to meet with first responders on arrival during emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s less important whether it’s a contractor or an employee and more about ensuring everybody there, however long they’ve worked there, is sufficiently trained to maximize safety and reduce harm at the facility,” said Gioia, who sits on the board of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District and the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gioia said the front gate of the NuStar facility was locked when firefighters arrived and that its emergency fire suppression system was not activated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NuStar has said there was “initial confusion” about which tanks were involved because the explosion and fire erupted so quickly.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“Given the intensity of the fire during the first few minutes, they could not get close enough to verify which tanks were on fire,” Cho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company officials say the power at the terminal has been restored. But Cal/OSHA, earlier this week, ordered that operations at the facility be suspended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All movements of product into and out of the terminal are halted, as we assess the damage and develop a plan for repairs,” Cho said, adding that he didn’t know when operations would resume or how much the fire and suspension of operations would cost the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA inspectors issued an order to preserve evidence in the two tanks and the pipes involved in the blaze. They also issued an order to cease operations at the facility “until we can confirm that operations can resume safely,” said Erika Monterroza, another Cal/OSHA representative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cal/OSHA is working expeditiously to identify and correct hazards that may impact workers’ safety at the NuStar Energy facility or that of the surrounding community,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire sent up a huge plume of smoke for hours, prompting a shelter-in-place order for nearby communities and the closure of a section of Interstate 80.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County health officials detected elevated levels of particulate matter at the time of the fire, according to Randy Sawyer, the county’s chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that agency and the Air District have yet to release data on the air quality tests taken during the emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven patients who complained of respiratory distress went to the emergency room at Sutter Solano Medical Center in Vallejo, according to a hospital spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emergency rooms at Kaiser’s Richmond, Oakland and Vallejo hospitals did not see a significant increase in the number of patients as a result of the fire, said Kaiser representative Deniene Erickson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire is under investigation by the Contra Costa County Fire Department, the Air District and Cal/OSHA. However, the Chemical Safety Board, an independent federal agency that investigates serious industrial chemical accidents, confirmed that it was not investigating the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Valero's March Pollution Release Exposes Weaknesses in Benicia's Air Monitoring System",
"title": "Valero's March Pollution Release Exposes Weaknesses in Benicia's Air Monitoring System",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>When a major malfunction caused Valero's Benicia refinery to spew out pollution last month, leading city officials to warn residents with respiratory issues to stay indoors, the agency that regulates air in the Bay Area had to send a van to monitor the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Benicia's Valero Refinery\" tag=\"valero-refinery\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because there is no stationary air monitoring device in Benicia's residential areas, even though the city is home to one of the largest refineries in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District took a series of air samples, but none during the height of the emergency that Sunday morning of March 24, when a plume of black smoke filled the air for hours, convincing officials to issue a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735065/problems-at-valeros-benicia-refinery-increase-prompt-health-advisory\">health advisory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several people called 911 to report breathing problems at the time of the refinery breakdown. The air district said it received about a dozen complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also no evidence that Valero monitored the air in those residential areas during the time period when the releases were most extreme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery problems sent soot into the air and followed two weeks of more minor releases that regulators thought were tapering off. The plume that morning eventually led Valero to shut down a large part of its facility, a move that has contributed to the increase in the cost of gas statewide in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several public agencies and companies conducted air monitoring work to measure for a variety of chemicals that may have spewed from the refinery's stacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some local officials say those tests may prove that, for the most part, elevated levels of particulate matter and toxic gases did not waft into nearby residential neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it looks so far like the pollution was not as bad as the extreme release of toxic sulfur dioxide that accompanied \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11681218/cpuc-probe-says-pge-mistakes-led-to-benicia-refinery-outage\">Valero's May 2017 power outage\u003c/a>, one of the Bay Area's worst refinery accidents in years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/TedrickG/status/1109828119693684736\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Benicia's mayor, along with a leading air quality expert and two local environmentalists, say these most recent releases confirm that the small North Bay city needs a more robust and coordinated strategy to measure what gushes out of its largest employer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems that right now, if there's an incident, what happens is folks kind of drive around and see if they can catch the plume,\" said Anthony Wexler, director of the Air Quality Research Center at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Valero's data:\"Questionable until further notice\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735237/valeros-benicia-refinery-now-target-of-several-probes-into-pollution-releases\">Three government agencies are investigating\u003c/a> the most recent malfunction at the Valero refinery. The focus of at least one of those investigations centers on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735870/two-parts-of-valeros-benicia-refinery-under-scrutiny-in-probe-of-pollution-releases\">two key components at the refinery\u003c/a> that experienced problems, allowing petroleum coke, an oil processing residue, to escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery malfunctions began on March 11. Two days later, Valero hired an Arkansas-based consulting firm, the Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health (CTEH), to take air samples around the refinery to test for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During eight consecutive days of testing, the firm detected more than a thousand small readings for particulate matter less than 10 microns wide and 2.5 microns wide, known as PM 10 and PM 2.5, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That work ended when regulators and Valero believed the releases were coming to an end. On March 23, petroleum coke began again belching from the refinery's stacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the CTEH did not restart air sampling until the following afternoon, well after the health advisory had ended and officials told the public the air was OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollin Kretzmann, an attorney with the Oakland-based Center for Biological Diversity, said it's concerning that the CTEH data does not include the time period during the height of the releases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a huge gap of data that we are missing,\" Kretzmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CTEH spokesman referred questions to Valero, which declined to answer questions about the firm’s work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero runs fence line monitors around the refinery, but the \u003ca href=\"https://beniciarefineryairmonitors.org/measurements.html\">site\u003c/a> that publishes its data includes a warning that all of its measurements should be considered \"questionable until further notice\" because several of its parts require adjustments before they can produce reliable and accurate data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Air district monitoring efforts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright noborder\">\u003cstrong>Benicia Air Quality Records\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5816584-Valero-Coke-Sample.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"350\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5816582-2019-Scrubber-Monitoring-Log.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"350\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>On March 24 and 25, BAAQMD inspectors drove the agency's mobile monitoring van near the refinery to measure for hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, as well as benzene, toluene and butadiene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency compared those concentrations for acute, chronic and work-time exposure to state health standards, according to Eric Stevenson, the district's director of meteorology and measurements\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we saw in these results was nothing above those levels,\" Stevenson said. \"That being said, we did them on Sunday after a lot of the worst visual impacts were detected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson said the district did not collect air monitoring data when the health advisory was in effect in order to protect the health of its staff and because county officials did not request it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When the health department declares a shelter in place, we do our best to provide any information that they request. They didn't request any information from us prior to that shelter in place,\" Stevenson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County spokesman Matthew Davis confirmed that the county did not request tests from the air district before it issued the health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>‘\"All of the air readings up to that point, during and afterwards, were 'good' to 'moderate' and at no time did the county or CTEH results show 'unhealthy' levels for sensitive individuals or the general public,\" Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevated particulate levels\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, an air monitoring log from the Benicia Fire Department shows six occurrences when particulate readings were elevated in the early morning hours before the advisory. Fire crews did not take any samples during the hours-long health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fire department's monitoring shows particulate matter pollution repeatedly spiked to very high levels, far higher than what would be considered safe for daily air quality,\" Kretzmann said. \"It raises big concerns for vulnerable people, like kids with asthma.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire department's log also includes several instances in which crews noted moderate to strong petroleum byproduct odors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is concerning since those could be toxic,\" said Wexler, the UC Davis air quality expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time Solano County inspectors restarted tests that morning, at 9:45 a.m., the particulate levels had dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county also tested areas in the refinery on one day to determine whether high levels of heavy metals were in the petroleum coke dust coming from the stacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those tests revealed that the releases did not include elevated levels of heavy metals, according to Jag Sahota, the county's environmental health manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls for change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't fix what you don't know,\" Benicia Mayor Elizabeth Patterson said in an interview on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson said the city needs a stronger air monitoring program, money to run it and expertise to understand it, similar to the one in Richmond, where Chevron's refinery is located. A \u003ca href=\"http://fenceline.org/richmond/index.htm\">program\u003c/a> there provides air quality readings from monitors in three neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not helpful if you don't know the full extent of the public impact,\" said Patterson. \"If you don't have the personnel and you don't have the funds and you don't have a clear path of information, you don't know what's going on. You can't take measures to protect public health and safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wexler agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really need to surround the plant with monitors in the neighborhoods where people are living and breathing,\" he said. \"If the facility can't get control of its situation, it should incur some costs to protect the people who live in the region.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andres Soto, a Benicia resident and organizer for Communities for a Better Environment, said the city has gone too long without an efficient and robust air monitoring program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to have a very comprehensive monitoring system that is looking at both the greenhouse gases as well as the particulate matter,\" Soto said. \"We needed to do that 10 years ago. It's beyond critical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kretzmann, from the Center for Biological Diversity, said the refinery and air district do not have a plan in place to capture the most critical data when pollution threatens Benicia residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no telling what information we're missing, and the community still doesn't know the true extent of danger it’s facing,\" he said. \"The city needs a system that can accurately and comprehensively measure air pollution when dangerous events occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More monitoring on the horizon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district said it’s planning to add monitoring stations to areas near all five of the Bay Area's refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These stations will be sited to help evaluate and track refinery emission impacts in the surrounding communities,\" said air district spokesman Ralph Borrmann, adding that the agency is \"identifying and attempting to secure suitable space for the site in Benicia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero also plans to help fund work on community monitoring devices, as part of a 2003 settlement with a local environmental group. That group, called the Good Neighbor Steering Committee, is planning to hire staff to run a community air monitoring device in the city’s northwest corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might ease the community's concern but not lead to the best data, said Dr. Bela Matyas, Solano County's health officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More monitors would clearly give more refined information,\" Matyas said. \"But in places where that's been done, that does not yield more accurate estimates of risk over the long term over that area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During major incidents, like Valero's recent malfunction, he added, mobile air monitoring is still necessary to capture data that a stationary device would not be able to collect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The refinery and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District did not monitor the air in the hours before a health advisory was issued on March 24. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When a major malfunction caused Valero's Benicia refinery to spew out pollution last month, leading city officials to warn residents with respiratory issues to stay indoors, the agency that regulates air in the Bay Area had to send a van to monitor the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because there is no stationary air monitoring device in Benicia's residential areas, even though the city is home to one of the largest refineries in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District took a series of air samples, but none during the height of the emergency that Sunday morning of March 24, when a plume of black smoke filled the air for hours, convincing officials to issue a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735065/problems-at-valeros-benicia-refinery-increase-prompt-health-advisory\">health advisory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several people called 911 to report breathing problems at the time of the refinery breakdown. The air district said it received about a dozen complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also no evidence that Valero monitored the air in those residential areas during the time period when the releases were most extreme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery problems sent soot into the air and followed two weeks of more minor releases that regulators thought were tapering off. The plume that morning eventually led Valero to shut down a large part of its facility, a move that has contributed to the increase in the cost of gas statewide in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several public agencies and companies conducted air monitoring work to measure for a variety of chemicals that may have spewed from the refinery's stacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some local officials say those tests may prove that, for the most part, elevated levels of particulate matter and toxic gases did not waft into nearby residential neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it looks so far like the pollution was not as bad as the extreme release of toxic sulfur dioxide that accompanied \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11681218/cpuc-probe-says-pge-mistakes-led-to-benicia-refinery-outage\">Valero's May 2017 power outage\u003c/a>, one of the Bay Area's worst refinery accidents in years.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>But Benicia's mayor, along with a leading air quality expert and two local environmentalists, say these most recent releases confirm that the small North Bay city needs a more robust and coordinated strategy to measure what gushes out of its largest employer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems that right now, if there's an incident, what happens is folks kind of drive around and see if they can catch the plume,\" said Anthony Wexler, director of the Air Quality Research Center at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Valero's data:\"Questionable until further notice\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735237/valeros-benicia-refinery-now-target-of-several-probes-into-pollution-releases\">Three government agencies are investigating\u003c/a> the most recent malfunction at the Valero refinery. The focus of at least one of those investigations centers on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735870/two-parts-of-valeros-benicia-refinery-under-scrutiny-in-probe-of-pollution-releases\">two key components at the refinery\u003c/a> that experienced problems, allowing petroleum coke, an oil processing residue, to escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery malfunctions began on March 11. Two days later, Valero hired an Arkansas-based consulting firm, the Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health (CTEH), to take air samples around the refinery to test for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During eight consecutive days of testing, the firm detected more than a thousand small readings for particulate matter less than 10 microns wide and 2.5 microns wide, known as PM 10 and PM 2.5, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That work ended when regulators and Valero believed the releases were coming to an end. On March 23, petroleum coke began again belching from the refinery's stacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the CTEH did not restart air sampling until the following afternoon, well after the health advisory had ended and officials told the public the air was OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollin Kretzmann, an attorney with the Oakland-based Center for Biological Diversity, said it's concerning that the CTEH data does not include the time period during the height of the releases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a huge gap of data that we are missing,\" Kretzmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CTEH spokesman referred questions to Valero, which declined to answer questions about the firm’s work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero runs fence line monitors around the refinery, but the \u003ca href=\"https://beniciarefineryairmonitors.org/measurements.html\">site\u003c/a> that publishes its data includes a warning that all of its measurements should be considered \"questionable until further notice\" because several of its parts require adjustments before they can produce reliable and accurate data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Air district monitoring efforts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright noborder\">\u003cstrong>Benicia Air Quality Records\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5816584-Valero-Coke-Sample.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"350\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5816582-2019-Scrubber-Monitoring-Log.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"350\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>On March 24 and 25, BAAQMD inspectors drove the agency's mobile monitoring van near the refinery to measure for hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, as well as benzene, toluene and butadiene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency compared those concentrations for acute, chronic and work-time exposure to state health standards, according to Eric Stevenson, the district's director of meteorology and measurements\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we saw in these results was nothing above those levels,\" Stevenson said. \"That being said, we did them on Sunday after a lot of the worst visual impacts were detected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson said the district did not collect air monitoring data when the health advisory was in effect in order to protect the health of its staff and because county officials did not request it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When the health department declares a shelter in place, we do our best to provide any information that they request. They didn't request any information from us prior to that shelter in place,\" Stevenson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County spokesman Matthew Davis confirmed that the county did not request tests from the air district before it issued the health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>‘\"All of the air readings up to that point, during and afterwards, were 'good' to 'moderate' and at no time did the county or CTEH results show 'unhealthy' levels for sensitive individuals or the general public,\" Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevated particulate levels\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, an air monitoring log from the Benicia Fire Department shows six occurrences when particulate readings were elevated in the early morning hours before the advisory. Fire crews did not take any samples during the hours-long health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fire department's monitoring shows particulate matter pollution repeatedly spiked to very high levels, far higher than what would be considered safe for daily air quality,\" Kretzmann said. \"It raises big concerns for vulnerable people, like kids with asthma.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire department's log also includes several instances in which crews noted moderate to strong petroleum byproduct odors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is concerning since those could be toxic,\" said Wexler, the UC Davis air quality expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time Solano County inspectors restarted tests that morning, at 9:45 a.m., the particulate levels had dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county also tested areas in the refinery on one day to determine whether high levels of heavy metals were in the petroleum coke dust coming from the stacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those tests revealed that the releases did not include elevated levels of heavy metals, according to Jag Sahota, the county's environmental health manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls for change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't fix what you don't know,\" Benicia Mayor Elizabeth Patterson said in an interview on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson said the city needs a stronger air monitoring program, money to run it and expertise to understand it, similar to the one in Richmond, where Chevron's refinery is located. A \u003ca href=\"http://fenceline.org/richmond/index.htm\">program\u003c/a> there provides air quality readings from monitors in three neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not helpful if you don't know the full extent of the public impact,\" said Patterson. \"If you don't have the personnel and you don't have the funds and you don't have a clear path of information, you don't know what's going on. You can't take measures to protect public health and safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wexler agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really need to surround the plant with monitors in the neighborhoods where people are living and breathing,\" he said. \"If the facility can't get control of its situation, it should incur some costs to protect the people who live in the region.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andres Soto, a Benicia resident and organizer for Communities for a Better Environment, said the city has gone too long without an efficient and robust air monitoring program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to have a very comprehensive monitoring system that is looking at both the greenhouse gases as well as the particulate matter,\" Soto said. \"We needed to do that 10 years ago. It's beyond critical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kretzmann, from the Center for Biological Diversity, said the refinery and air district do not have a plan in place to capture the most critical data when pollution threatens Benicia residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no telling what information we're missing, and the community still doesn't know the true extent of danger it’s facing,\" he said. \"The city needs a system that can accurately and comprehensively measure air pollution when dangerous events occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More monitoring on the horizon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district said it’s planning to add monitoring stations to areas near all five of the Bay Area's refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These stations will be sited to help evaluate and track refinery emission impacts in the surrounding communities,\" said air district spokesman Ralph Borrmann, adding that the agency is \"identifying and attempting to secure suitable space for the site in Benicia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero also plans to help fund work on community monitoring devices, as part of a 2003 settlement with a local environmental group. That group, called the Good Neighbor Steering Committee, is planning to hire staff to run a community air monitoring device in the city’s northwest corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might ease the community's concern but not lead to the best data, said Dr. Bela Matyas, Solano County's health officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More monitors would clearly give more refined information,\" Matyas said. \"But in places where that's been done, that does not yield more accurate estimates of risk over the long term over that area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During major incidents, like Valero's recent malfunction, he added, mobile air monitoring is still necessary to capture data that a stationary device would not be able to collect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Camp Fire Caused Nearly 2 Straight Weeks of Bay Area's Worst Air Quality on Record",
"title": "Camp Fire Caused Nearly 2 Straight Weeks of Bay Area's Worst Air Quality on Record",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]L[/dropcap]ast month's Camp Fire was a record-breaker: the deadliest and most destructive wildfire California has ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze killed 86 people in and around the town of Paradise in Butte County and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">destroyed almost 14,000 homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But data from Bay Area air regulators confirms that the smoke from the 153,000-acre fire made history, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Map: Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934660/no-the-coming-rain-wont-be-toxic-heres-what-to-do-when-the-smoke-clears\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What to Do When Smoke Clears\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For nearly two weeks straight, much of the Bay Area, which sits about 150 miles southwest of Paradise, was blanketed in a thick layer of smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Nov. 8 to Nov. 20, the region was choked by dangerously high levels of fine particulate matter, ranking among the worst periods of hazardous smoke since the \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/a> began keeping such records in 1999. All of the district's 17 monitoring stations — spread through eight Bay Area counties — detected high concentrations of the pollutant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the district, six of its 10 worst days for fine particulate matter, known as PM2.5, occurred during that span. PM2.5 includes inhalable bits of soot, metal and organic compounds no more than 2.5 microns in diameter, or about 30 times smaller than the width of a human hair, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three others days included in the \"worst 10\" for PM2.5 happened during last year's Tubbs Fire in the North Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every site was impacted with high concentrations, and those sites were all impacted for several days,\" said Charles Knoderer, an air quality forecaster at the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/xK12s/3/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1250\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Each of the district's 17 monitoring stations recorded 24-hour average PM2.5 concentrations that significantly exceeded the federal standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter, the agency's data shows. The PM2.5 level in the Bay Area is \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/research-and-modeling/trends-in-bay-area-pm.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">usually under\u003c/a> 9 micrograms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of these numbers are way, way, way above that,\" Knoderer said, noting he had never seen such high levels for so many days in a row in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the district's station in Vallejo detected a 24-hour PM2.5 average concentration of 197 micrograms per cubic meter on Nov. 16, the day the smoke was the worst this year. The Air Quality Index for PM2.5 in Vallejo that day — calculated using the concentration — was 247.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This data, you'd see more commonly in a place like India or in China,\" said Knoderer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Vallejo reading was the highest among 11 Bay Area sites that recorded daily PM2.5 AQIs above 200 on Nov. 16 — in the EPA's \"very unhealthy\" category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, the PM2.5 AQI on \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/current-air-quality/air-monitoring-data?DataViewFormat=daily&DataView=aqi&StartDate=12/17/2018&ParameterId=316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monday\u003c/a> ranged from 10 in Concord to 40 in San Pablo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agency officials say they hope to learn more about what was in the air during that period by conducting a detailed analysis in the coming months, including lab tests on filters that captured some of the air to see exactly what was in the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During those two weeks of foul air quality in November, health officials warned people to stay indoors, school district canceled classes and residents flocked to stores to buy air masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a repeat of October 2017, during the North Bay fires. That's when the air district recorded its highest daily PM2.5 level ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The record: The daily AQI for a monitoring station in Napa on Oct. 13, 2017, was 249.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knoderer points out that the the smoke's effect on the region during the North Bay fires was more isolated than last month's occurrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This year it was hitting every site,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason that smoke from the Camp Fire was especially bad was because of the time of year. In November, the shorter days don't allow for cold and warm air to mix, like they would earlier in the season, Knoderer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the blaze got trapped in a layer of cold air close to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any AQI over 200 is considered harmful to everyone — not just people with compromised respiratory systems, according to John Balmes, a professor of medicine and environmental health at UCSF and UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The index surpassed 200 for at least one Bay Area location on five separate days during the Camp Fire, compared with two days in October 2017 during the North Bay fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a polluted city like Delhi, it's like that all the time,\" said Balmes, who reviewed the air district data for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chronic exposure to that level of poor air quality is harmful to everyone's health, he said, noting that while healthy people may have experienced eye and nose irritation, scratchy throats and coughs, they most likely won't have long-term effects from the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But people with asthma and heart disease, among other respiratory ailments, Balmes noted, can experience exacerbated conditions if they are exposed to such high levels of particulate matter over shorter amounts of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "From Nov. 8 to Nov. 20, the region was choked by dangerously high levels of fine particulate matter, ranking among the worst periods of hazardous smoke since air district started keeping such records in 1999. ",
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"description": "From Nov. 8 to Nov. 20, the region was choked by dangerously high levels of fine particulate matter, ranking among the worst periods of hazardous smoke since air district started keeping such records in 1999. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">L\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ast month's Camp Fire was a record-breaker: the deadliest and most destructive wildfire California has ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze killed 86 people in and around the town of Paradise in Butte County and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">destroyed almost 14,000 homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But data from Bay Area air regulators confirms that the smoke from the 153,000-acre fire made history, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Map: Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934660/no-the-coming-rain-wont-be-toxic-heres-what-to-do-when-the-smoke-clears\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What to Do When Smoke Clears\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For nearly two weeks straight, much of the Bay Area, which sits about 150 miles southwest of Paradise, was blanketed in a thick layer of smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Nov. 8 to Nov. 20, the region was choked by dangerously high levels of fine particulate matter, ranking among the worst periods of hazardous smoke since the \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/a> began keeping such records in 1999. All of the district's 17 monitoring stations — spread through eight Bay Area counties — detected high concentrations of the pollutant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the district, six of its 10 worst days for fine particulate matter, known as PM2.5, occurred during that span. PM2.5 includes inhalable bits of soot, metal and organic compounds no more than 2.5 microns in diameter, or about 30 times smaller than the width of a human hair, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three others days included in the \"worst 10\" for PM2.5 happened during last year's Tubbs Fire in the North Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every site was impacted with high concentrations, and those sites were all impacted for several days,\" said Charles Knoderer, an air quality forecaster at the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/xK12s/3/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1250\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Each of the district's 17 monitoring stations recorded 24-hour average PM2.5 concentrations that significantly exceeded the federal standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter, the agency's data shows. The PM2.5 level in the Bay Area is \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/research-and-modeling/trends-in-bay-area-pm.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">usually under\u003c/a> 9 micrograms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of these numbers are way, way, way above that,\" Knoderer said, noting he had never seen such high levels for so many days in a row in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the district's station in Vallejo detected a 24-hour PM2.5 average concentration of 197 micrograms per cubic meter on Nov. 16, the day the smoke was the worst this year. The Air Quality Index for PM2.5 in Vallejo that day — calculated using the concentration — was 247.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This data, you'd see more commonly in a place like India or in China,\" said Knoderer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Vallejo reading was the highest among 11 Bay Area sites that recorded daily PM2.5 AQIs above 200 on Nov. 16 — in the EPA's \"very unhealthy\" category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, the PM2.5 AQI on \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/current-air-quality/air-monitoring-data?DataViewFormat=daily&DataView=aqi&StartDate=12/17/2018&ParameterId=316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monday\u003c/a> ranged from 10 in Concord to 40 in San Pablo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agency officials say they hope to learn more about what was in the air during that period by conducting a detailed analysis in the coming months, including lab tests on filters that captured some of the air to see exactly what was in the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During those two weeks of foul air quality in November, health officials warned people to stay indoors, school district canceled classes and residents flocked to stores to buy air masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a repeat of October 2017, during the North Bay fires. That's when the air district recorded its highest daily PM2.5 level ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The record: The daily AQI for a monitoring station in Napa on Oct. 13, 2017, was 249.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knoderer points out that the the smoke's effect on the region during the North Bay fires was more isolated than last month's occurrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This year it was hitting every site,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason that smoke from the Camp Fire was especially bad was because of the time of year. In November, the shorter days don't allow for cold and warm air to mix, like they would earlier in the season, Knoderer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the blaze got trapped in a layer of cold air close to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any AQI over 200 is considered harmful to everyone — not just people with compromised respiratory systems, according to John Balmes, a professor of medicine and environmental health at UCSF and UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The index surpassed 200 for at least one Bay Area location on five separate days during the Camp Fire, compared with two days in October 2017 during the North Bay fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a polluted city like Delhi, it's like that all the time,\" said Balmes, who reviewed the air district data for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chronic exposure to that level of poor air quality is harmful to everyone's health, he said, noting that while healthy people may have experienced eye and nose irritation, scratchy throats and coughs, they most likely won't have long-term effects from the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But people with asthma and heart disease, among other respiratory ailments, Balmes noted, can experience exacerbated conditions if they are exposed to such high levels of particulate matter over shorter amounts of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scores of Bay Area school districts \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/kqedairschools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closed schools on Friday\u003c/a> due to unhealthy air quality from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the tragic Butte County fire has spread a hazardous pall over much of California, leading health officials to urge people to stay indoors or wear a respirator mask when outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadliest wildfire in modern California history, it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">45 percent contained\u003c/a> by Friday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday evening, the Butte County Sheriff’s Office revised the list of missing persons up to 631 people from the previous list that totaled 300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Follow KQED’s ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scores of Bay Area school districts \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/kqedairschools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closed schools on Friday\u003c/a> due to unhealthy air quality from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the tragic Butte County fire has spread a hazardous pall over much of California, leading health officials to urge people to stay indoors or wear a respirator mask when outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadliest wildfire in modern California history, it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">45 percent contained\u003c/a> by Friday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday evening, the Butte County Sheriff’s Office revised the list of missing persons up to 631 people from the previous list that totaled 300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Follow KQED’s ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Friday School Closures and Restrictions Announced for the Bay Area",
"title": "Friday School Closures and Restrictions Announced for the Bay Area",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 7 a.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Camp Fire in Butte County has led to unhealthy air quality across the Bay Area. In response, a number of school districts are closing schools Friday or restricting students to indoor activities only. Find out more information from the county offices of education below. A number of Bay Area colleges and universities are also closing their doors Friday. This post will be updated as we learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acoe.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Alameda County public school districts will close Friday, \u003ca href=\"https://mailchi.mp/acoe/school-closures-11-15-18?e=0304f97386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the Alameda County Office of Education\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.acoe.org/Page/404\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See the full list of districts in the county\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-1006311468-1180x803.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Residents in the path of wildfire smoke can take certain precautionary measures to protect their lungs from smoke pollution. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more\u003c/a> about how to protect yourself.\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cccoe.k12.ca.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contra Costa County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Contra Costa County school districts, Contra Costa County Office of Education schools and the CCCOE main office will close Friday. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cccoe.k12.ca.us/district_resources/county_school_districts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See a full list of closures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marinschools.org/mcoe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marin County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Marin County school districts \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinschools.org/cms/lib/CA01001323/Centricity/Domain/154/Press%20Release%20-%20School%20Closures%20Nov%202018.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">will close Friday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.napacoe.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napa County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Napa County Office of Education and all Napa County school districts will be closed on Friday, the district wrote in an email to KQED. The school districts are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nvusd.k12.ca.us/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Napa Valley Unified School District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.sthelena.k12.ca.us/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">St. Helena Unified School District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.calistogaschools.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Calistoga Joint Unified School District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.pvk8.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Pope Valley Union Elementary District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.hmesd.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Howell Mountain Elementary District\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Not all of the Napa County school districts above have posted information regarding the closures, so we've linked to their sites in case they do.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\">MAP: Here's Your Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfusd.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All San Francisco Unified School District schools, central offices and after-school programs will close Friday. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfusd.edu/en/schools/all-schools.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See a full list of schools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.smcoe.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Mateo County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School district leaders in San Mateo County are monitoring air quality and will decide whether to remain open or to close school. Some schools have already made decisions to close Friday, so please \u003ca href=\"http://www.smcoe.org/about-smcoe/special-alert.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">check the San Mateo County Office of Education website to find out their status\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sccoe.org/index/Pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Clara County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Thursday evening, Santa Clara County Office of Education officials said schools \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccoe.org/news/featured/Pages/Santa-Clara-County-Superintendent-Issues-Guidance-Due-to-Air-Quality-Concerns.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">will not close Friday\u003c/a>. SCCOE officials said they are advising all students to remain indoors and will cancel outdoor activities Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.solanocoe.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Solano County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All school districts in Solano County and Solano County Office of Education programs, except for the Juvenile Detention Facility, will be closed Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scoe.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least a handful of Sonoma County schools will be closed on Friday. Per a new policy, most of the county's schools will make their decisions beginning at 5 a.m. the day of. \u003ca href=\"https://www.scoe.org/cs/blank/print/htdocs/storm-update.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Check here for updates\u003c/a> from the Sonoma County Office of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934155/smoke-from-camp-fire-blankets-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\">Bad Air in Bay Area Could Last Until Next Week\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>College and University Closures\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many universities and campuses around the region will shut down Friday, including California State University East Bay, Cañada College, College of San Mateo, College of Marin, Dominican University of California, Foothill College and Foothill College Sunnyvale Center, Foothill De Anza Community College, Mills College, San Francisco State University, San Jose State University, Santa Clara University, Stanford University, UC Berkeley, UC Davis and University of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Camp Fire has contributed to very unhealthy air across the Bay Area, and a number of school districts will shut down completely or restrict outdoor student activities.",
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"description": "The Camp Fire has contributed to very unhealthy air across the Bay Area, and a number of school districts will shut down completely or restrict outdoor student activities.",
"title": "Friday School Closures and Restrictions Announced for the Bay Area | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 7 a.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Camp Fire in Butte County has led to unhealthy air quality across the Bay Area. In response, a number of school districts are closing schools Friday or restricting students to indoor activities only. Find out more information from the county offices of education below. A number of Bay Area colleges and universities are also closing their doors Friday. This post will be updated as we learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acoe.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Alameda County public school districts will close Friday, \u003ca href=\"https://mailchi.mp/acoe/school-closures-11-15-18?e=0304f97386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the Alameda County Office of Education\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.acoe.org/Page/404\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See the full list of districts in the county\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/GettyImages-1006311468-1180x803.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Residents in the path of wildfire smoke can take certain precautionary measures to protect their lungs from smoke pollution. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more\u003c/a> about how to protect yourself.\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cccoe.k12.ca.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contra Costa County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Contra Costa County school districts, Contra Costa County Office of Education schools and the CCCOE main office will close Friday. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cccoe.k12.ca.us/district_resources/county_school_districts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See a full list of closures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marinschools.org/mcoe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marin County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Marin County school districts \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinschools.org/cms/lib/CA01001323/Centricity/Domain/154/Press%20Release%20-%20School%20Closures%20Nov%202018.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">will close Friday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.napacoe.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napa County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Napa County Office of Education and all Napa County school districts will be closed on Friday, the district wrote in an email to KQED. The school districts are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nvusd.k12.ca.us/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Napa Valley Unified School District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.sthelena.k12.ca.us/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">St. Helena Unified School District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.calistogaschools.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Calistoga Joint Unified School District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.pvk8.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Pope Valley Union Elementary District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.hmesd.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Howell Mountain Elementary District\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Not all of the Napa County school districts above have posted information regarding the closures, so we've linked to their sites in case they do.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\">MAP: Here's Your Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfusd.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All San Francisco Unified School District schools, central offices and after-school programs will close Friday. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfusd.edu/en/schools/all-schools.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See a full list of schools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.smcoe.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Mateo County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School district leaders in San Mateo County are monitoring air quality and will decide whether to remain open or to close school. Some schools have already made decisions to close Friday, so please \u003ca href=\"http://www.smcoe.org/about-smcoe/special-alert.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">check the San Mateo County Office of Education website to find out their status\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sccoe.org/index/Pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Clara County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Thursday evening, Santa Clara County Office of Education officials said schools \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccoe.org/news/featured/Pages/Santa-Clara-County-Superintendent-Issues-Guidance-Due-to-Air-Quality-Concerns.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">will not close Friday\u003c/a>. SCCOE officials said they are advising all students to remain indoors and will cancel outdoor activities Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.solanocoe.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Solano County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All school districts in Solano County and Solano County Office of Education programs, except for the Juvenile Detention Facility, will be closed Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scoe.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least a handful of Sonoma County schools will be closed on Friday. Per a new policy, most of the county's schools will make their decisions beginning at 5 a.m. the day of. \u003ca href=\"https://www.scoe.org/cs/blank/print/htdocs/storm-update.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Check here for updates\u003c/a> from the Sonoma County Office of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934155/smoke-from-camp-fire-blankets-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\">Bad Air in Bay Area Could Last Until Next Week\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>College and University Closures\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many universities and campuses around the region will shut down Friday, including California State University East Bay, Cañada College, College of San Mateo, College of Marin, Dominican University of California, Foothill College and Foothill College Sunnyvale Center, Foothill De Anza Community College, Mills College, San Francisco State University, San Jose State University, Santa Clara University, Stanford University, UC Berkeley, UC Davis and University of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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