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[aside postID=\"news_11858202\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Black Student Union organized the rally and press conference in an effort to hold the administration accountable for the most recent events, which they said was one moment in a long history of systemic racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11859101\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11859101\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Lowell Black Student Union co-president Shavonne Hines-Foster speaks during a rally held at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021, to address recent racist incidents at the school.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lowell Black Student Union co-president Shavonne Hines-Foster speaks during a rally held at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021, to address recent racist incidents at the school. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We are here today to not only denounce the attacks made on our Black and Jewish communities two weeks ago, but also to denounce Lowell High School’s long-standing history of upholding the effects of systemic racism,” said student body Secretary Viviana Ojeda. “The Lowell administration efforts have been largely performative, to say the least.” [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kathya Correa Almanza, student\"]‘When these walls opened in the 1800s they were only open for white students. Now, those same doors exist except they call it an admissions policy.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the racist and pornographic messages bombarded the virtual classroom in late January, Lowell administrators initially wrote an email to parents and students saying that the lesson had been hacked – but in a later statement changed course, saying it was “highly likely” the posts were made by a student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, Tsia Blacksher, then BSU co-president, led a walkout in protest of similar racist attacks. “These countless stories of racism we have heard from students and alumni have dated decades back. And it’s about time we demand change now,” said student speaker Agnes Liang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11859102\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11859102\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Student delegate Kathya Correa Almanza speaks during a rally at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021, against recent racist incidents at the school.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Student delegate Kathya Correa Almanza speaks during a rally at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021 against recent racist incidents at the school. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CJ Lu Sing, a fellow Lowell student in the Multicultural Club said that despite BSU’s efforts and demands in 2016, “there has been minimal progress fulfilled with promises made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BSU members also voiced support for a plan to eliminate the current admissions process, which is based on grades and test scores — in favor of a lottery system. The school board will vote Tuesday on the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“History is not a thing of the past. It’s something that lives among us,” said student Kathya Correa Almanza, “Waiting for someone with courage to call it out. When these walls opened in the 1800s they were only open for white students. Now, those same doors exist, except they call it an admissions policy.” Correa-Almanza highlighted the lack of representation for Black students. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/sites/default/files/2021-01/sarc2020-Lowell%20HS-697_English.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">At Lowell\u003c/a> there are close to 3,000 students, made up of 2% Black student (districtwide there are 8% Black students), 11% Hispanic/Latino, 18% white and 50% Asian.[aside tag=\"education\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With roughly 100 students, teachers and alumni in the crowd, Shavonne Hines-Foster, Lowell High School senior and BSU leader, pointed out that only one administrator came out to the press conference, but quickly left in the middle of the event. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes when we hold these events talking about race they [the administration] don’t show up,” Hines-Foster said. “Or if they do show up they’re quietly in the back which doesn’t show active engagement in dealing with this issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our children are hurting. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the racist and pornographic messages bombarded the virtual classroom in late January, Lowell administrators initially wrote an email to parents and students saying that the lesson had been hacked – but in a later statement changed course, saying it was “highly likely” the posts were made by a student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, Tsia Blacksher, then BSU co-president, led a walkout in protest of similar racist attacks. “These countless stories of racism we have heard from students and alumni have dated decades back. And it’s about time we demand change now,” said student speaker Agnes Liang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11859102\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11859102\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Student delegate Kathya Correa Almanza speaks during a rally at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021, against recent racist incidents at the school.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/010_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Student delegate Kathya Correa Almanza speaks during a rally at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021 against recent racist incidents at the school. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CJ Lu Sing, a fellow Lowell student in the Multicultural Club said that despite BSU’s efforts and demands in 2016, “there has been minimal progress fulfilled with promises made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BSU members also voiced support for a plan to eliminate the current admissions process, which is based on grades and test scores — in favor of a lottery system. The school board will vote Tuesday on the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“History is not a thing of the past. It’s something that lives among us,” said student Kathya Correa Almanza, “Waiting for someone with courage to call it out. When these walls opened in the 1800s they were only open for white students. Now, those same doors exist, except they call it an admissions policy.” Correa-Almanza highlighted the lack of representation for Black students. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/sites/default/files/2021-01/sarc2020-Lowell%20HS-697_English.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">At Lowell\u003c/a> there are close to 3,000 students, made up of 2% Black student (districtwide there are 8% Black students), 11% Hispanic/Latino, 18% white and 50% Asian.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With roughly 100 students, teachers and alumni in the crowd, Shavonne Hines-Foster, Lowell High School senior and BSU leader, pointed out that only one administrator came out to the press conference, but quickly left in the middle of the event. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes when we hold these events talking about race they [the administration] don’t show up,” Hines-Foster said. “Or if they do show up they’re quietly in the back which doesn’t show active engagement in dealing with this issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our children are hurting. And as their parents we are, too,” said one member of the SFUSD African American Parent Advisory Council.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>California Sen. Alex Padilla\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a one-on-one with Democrat Alex Padilla,\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s newly-appointed U.S. Senator, we talk with him about COVID-19 relief funding, vaccine rollout, immigration and the upcoming Senate impeachment trial of former President Donald Trump. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guest:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sen. Alex Padilla, D-California\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>This Week in California Politics\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our political experts break down the top stories of the week — from San Francisco suing its own school board, to a challenger officially filing papers to battle Gov. Gavin Newsom for the governor’s seat.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Heather Knight, San Francisco Chronicle columnist\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scott Shafer, KQED politics and government desk senior editor\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: Bay Area Zoos\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Oakland Zoo reopened this week and the San Francisco Zoo is open, too. They set the scene for this week’s look at Something Beautiful. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco sued its own school board this week as the \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorereopenschools\">pressure to get students and teachers back into classrooms\u003c/a> here and across the state increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reopening schools has been much more difficult than reopening restaurants and shopping centers, in part because of a tangle of issues ranging from economic and racial inequality to powerful teachers' unions to parents just struggling to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Online learning via Zoom might be the absolute safest route from a public health perspective, but it is definitely not the best path to a good education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more affluent communities go back to in-person learning at private and parochial schools, students at public schools largely continue online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The longer this two-track educational path continues, the wider the achievement gap becomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "As Battle Over Reopening San Francisco Schools Turns Ugly, Equity Emerges as Fault Line",
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"content": "\u003cp>By suing its own school board and school district, San Francisco has transformed a painful and emotional argument over how to bring students back into classrooms into a legal battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, stakeholders — from parents to teachers to elected officials — are citing differing sets of statistics and experiences in support of their positions, with the issue of equity emerging as a fault line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, the city filed a petition for a court order directing San Francisco Unified School District to prepare to bring students back into classrooms \"now that it is possible to do so safely,\" City Attorney Dennis Herrera's office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're asking the court to order the school board and the school district to put in place a plan, a viable plan, to reopen safely,\" Herrera said at a joint news conference with Mayor London Breed. \"If that plan is followed, schools will reopen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit was blasted by SFUSD's superintendent, its school board president and the president of the teachers union, who said the lawsuit has been filed at the wrong time and for the wrong reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFUSD President Vincent Matthews said the central complaint of the lawsuit, that the district doesn't have a legally required plan to reopen schools, is false. [pullquote size=\"large\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Tia Ghose, San Francisco parent\"]'The schools needed to be reopened yesterday.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We absolutely have a comprehensive plan,\" he said at a press conference after the court action was announced. \"And this plan has specific steps around health and safety guidelines, and what our processes would be and what in-person learning would look like for our ... student populations to return as soon as we can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthews said the city is working with the health department to approve school sites for \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/services/health-wellness/covid-19-coronavirus-resources-families-students/faqs/inperson-hybrid-learning-plans-faqs/reopening-school-buildings\">reopening\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither the district nor the city can unilaterally reopen schools, even with health department approval. The teachers union must also agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Susan Solomon, president of \u003ca href=\"https://uesf.org/\">United Educators of San Francisco\u003c/a>, the district and the union had been \"getting closer to an agreement\" on reopening, she said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s unfortunate there is the distraction of this lawsuit,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Breed, who has been sharply critical of SFUSD for not bringing back students after nearly a year of educating them through distance learning, said the city had no choice but to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Families right now aren't able to plan for their futures, they can't decide whether to accept a job offer because they don't know when they're going to be able to once again have their kids returned to the classroom,\" she said at the press conference Wednesday. \"This is paralyzing our city and our residents, and I know that this is a drastic step, but I feel we are out of options at this point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What's the Holdup?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Proponents of physically returning students and teachers to schools say there is little justification for further delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the press conference, Herrera ticked off reasons for SFUSD to invite its 54,000 students out from behind their home computers and back into schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited assessments by city and state health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that schools can safely reopen, and he held up in-person learning currently taking place at 113 private and parochial schools in the city as something that should be possible for public schools as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Almost 16,000 students have returned to in-person school, and less than five cases of in-school transmission have been reported,\" Herrera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data showing a widening achievement gap in the student population was also driving the city's decision to act, he stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Black, Latino and other students of color in San Francisco, as well as those from low- income families, have lost significant academic ground compared with wealthier and white students during the pandemic,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFUSD's\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/about/news/current-news/sf-board-education-approves-resolution-safe-return-person-learning\"> Return to School Safely\u003c/a> plan originally envisioned a phased timeline for kids to come back, with the first wave of campuses reopening Jan. 25. But the plan was put on hold because, the district said, the union had made “significant new requests” that went beyond the safety protocols set by the city's Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101881772/bay-area-parents-students-eager-to-know-when-schools-will-reopen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appearance\u003c/a> on KQED's \"Forum\" radio program last week, Solomon, from the teachers union, defended that position, citing issues of equity.\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Pecolia Manigo, Oakland parent\"]'It's not in their families, is not in their neighborhood ... It's an amorphous kind of idea and a threat. It's not even seen as a potential threat ... We are hearing families testing positive every week. And so it just feels different for us.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\"[W]e know that in San Francisco as well as in surrounding counties, the families and communities who are hardest hit by COVID — namely Black and brown communities — are seeing much higher rates [than] the rest of the neighborhoods and communities,\" Solomon said. \"And we are emphasizing a lower community spread [before returning to schools] so that we can mitigate the effects of people being together who are in multigenerational households, who are experiencing ... higher rates of COVID.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tara Ramos, a teacher-librarian at Sanchez Elementary School who has a 7-year-old daughter in a San Francisco school, says pointing to private school reopenings as a reason for public schools to follow suit is illogical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Students from private schools are not coming from communities where [coronavirus] spread is so high,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the pandemic has dragged on, with little sign that children will see the inside of a classroom this school year, many parents have reached the end of their tether. The group Open Schools California has united parents from San Diego to Davis in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11857557/parents-unite-from-all-over-california-to-press-for-schools-reopening-unions-are-pushing-back\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">attempt to pressure stakeholders\u003c/a> who have the power to take action to pull the trigger on reopening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After 11 months of school closures and a lack of political will from some state and local leaders to do what's best for school children, it is encouraging to see the City of San Francisco acknowledge the science and stand up for what's right and what we've known all along,\" said Megan Bacigalupi, an organizer with the group, in a statement responding to the lawsuit. \"That schools can be reopened safely for students and teachers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tia Ghose, a journalist who lives in San Francisco's Castro neighborhood, says her two children have struggled with online learning. She and her husband recently pulled their third-grader out of public school and are now paying for in-person learning at a private school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The schools needed to be reopened yesterday,\" Ghose said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11848013/for-some-kids-distance-learning-is-rough-for-others-its-excruciating\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not alone\u003c/a> among Bay Area parents in reporting their kids struggling with going to school only online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p7\">\"We see high levels of anxiety,” Saun-Toy Trotter, a psychotherapist at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital in Oakland, told KQED in November. “High levels of depression.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p7\">Her school-based clinic recorded more youth suicide attempts in the first four weeks of the pandemic than it did in the entire previous year, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not every parent agrees that a return to in-person instruction is a no-brainer. On Forum, Solomon pointed to an SFUSD survey that found relatively more Black and brown parents reporting they don't feel safe sending their kids back into classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dynamic is playing out in other communities with high coronavirus transmission rates. Pecolia Manigo, a parent of three OUSD students and executive director of the Bay Area Parent Action Leadership Network, told KQED recently that many parents who are pushing for schools to reopen have not felt the effect of the pandemic the way that communities of color have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not in their families, is not in their neighborhood,\" said Manigo, who is Black. \"It's an amorphous kind of idea and a threat. It's not even seen as a potential threat ... We are hearing families testing positive every week. And so it just feels different for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafael Moreno, a \"third-generation-deep\" Mission District native with a 5-year-old daughter attending elementary school in the neighborhood, said that schools need to bring kids back, \"but they need to open when it’s safe for our students, our teachers and our community members. And that means vaccines for teachers and the support staff who make up the school community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Figuring out different plans for students of diverse needs, including impoverished students and those with disabilities, can be \"extremely resource-consuming,\" said Megan Caluza, a behavior analyst for SFUSD. One of the handful of educators on the district's working group on reopening, she says resumption of in-person learning requires more planning than people might realize.\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"City Attorney Dennis Herrera\"]'Almost 16,000 students have returned to in-person school, and less than five cases of in-school transmission have been reported.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public health guidelines for reopening, she said, \"aren't focused on equity, they're focused on broad public health understanding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Cacophany of Opinions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Still, while there are health disparities surrounding COVID-19 between different racial and economic groups, unequal responses to remote learning exist as well. As Herrera alluded to Wednesday, San Francisco public schools during the pandemic have experienced a higher rate of absenteeism and learning loss among Black, Latino, Asian and low-income students compared to those who are white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, during a Board of Supervisors' debate, outgoing Supervisor Sandra Lee Fewer became irate over the city's lack of progress in bringing students back into classrooms, calling it racist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[F]or those of you who are currently public school parents, it is great that you have internet access. It is great that you have a home for your children, and a place for them to do online learning and distance learning,\" Fewer shouted. \"But man, you talk to some of these parents, and you talk to some of these children, and you go to those community learning hubs, it would break your heart. This is a disservice. This is racist, and this is a disservice. It is one thing to say 'Black lives matter,' it's another thing to be saying 'while they're alive.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid this cacophony of opinions comes the lawsuit by the city. Will it succeed? Bill Koski, a professor of law and education at Stanford Law School, says courts are often hesitant to intervene on matters of school policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he added, the city's petition may represent uncharted territory.[pullquote size=\"large\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rafael Moreno, SF Mission District parent\"]'They need to open when it’s safe for our students, our teachers and our community members. And that means vaccines for teachers and the support staff who make up the school community.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To my knowledge, this is a first, where a city has taken the step of filing a lawsuit against the local public schools in order to have them reopen during the pandemic,\" Koski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Solomon, from the teachers union, was asked if she thought the city and district were close enough in negotiations to see a return to in-person learning this year, she said, \"I think we can get an agreement, yes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's unclear how the lawsuit will affect those talks. (\u003cem>Update Feb. 6\u003c/em>: On Friday, school unions announced a proposal that would restart in-person classes when San Francisco is categorized under the red tier of the state's COVID-19 risk-assessment system, provided vaccines are made available to all staff who work in district buildings, among other additional safety measures. If vaccines are not available, the unions would return once the city enters the orange tier, one level up from red in terms of indicating transmission risk. San Francisco is currently in the purple tier, the level designating the most risk.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the city's aggressive action has generated some bitterness among teachers. \"I already have low pay in what is one of the most expensive cities in the world,\" said Max Raynard, who teaches at Clarendon Elementary School. He said the lawsuit made him think San Francisco leadership doesn't support teachers. \"My raise each year is lower than the rate of inflation, which means I'm getting a pay cut each year. So I am doing this out of love of teaching and the students. And now people want to risk my life and the life of my loved ones?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramos, the teacher at Sanchez Elementary who supports waiting to reopen, acknowledges her daughter has had trouble adapting to online classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It hasn't been easy for us to keep her focused on what her teacher is asking us to do,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But little moments of wonder still occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She's been inspired by the way she's learning from her teachers and recording her own tutorials on the computer,\" Ramos said. She recalls her daughter exclaiming, \"'Here's how to make a book, everybody!'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All involved have one thing in common, at least. They wish for moments like that for every student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Katie Orr, Julia McEvoy and Lesley McClurg contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By suing its own school board and school district, San Francisco has transformed a painful and emotional argument over how to bring students back into classrooms into a legal battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, stakeholders — from parents to teachers to elected officials — are citing differing sets of statistics and experiences in support of their positions, with the issue of equity emerging as a fault line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, the city filed a petition for a court order directing San Francisco Unified School District to prepare to bring students back into classrooms \"now that it is possible to do so safely,\" City Attorney Dennis Herrera's office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're asking the court to order the school board and the school district to put in place a plan, a viable plan, to reopen safely,\" Herrera said at a joint news conference with Mayor London Breed. \"If that plan is followed, schools will reopen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit was blasted by SFUSD's superintendent, its school board president and the president of the teachers union, who said the lawsuit has been filed at the wrong time and for the wrong reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFUSD President Vincent Matthews said the central complaint of the lawsuit, that the district doesn't have a legally required plan to reopen schools, is false. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We absolutely have a comprehensive plan,\" he said at a press conference after the court action was announced. \"And this plan has specific steps around health and safety guidelines, and what our processes would be and what in-person learning would look like for our ... student populations to return as soon as we can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthews said the city is working with the health department to approve school sites for \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/services/health-wellness/covid-19-coronavirus-resources-families-students/faqs/inperson-hybrid-learning-plans-faqs/reopening-school-buildings\">reopening\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither the district nor the city can unilaterally reopen schools, even with health department approval. The teachers union must also agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Susan Solomon, president of \u003ca href=\"https://uesf.org/\">United Educators of San Francisco\u003c/a>, the district and the union had been \"getting closer to an agreement\" on reopening, she said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s unfortunate there is the distraction of this lawsuit,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Breed, who has been sharply critical of SFUSD for not bringing back students after nearly a year of educating them through distance learning, said the city had no choice but to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Families right now aren't able to plan for their futures, they can't decide whether to accept a job offer because they don't know when they're going to be able to once again have their kids returned to the classroom,\" she said at the press conference Wednesday. \"This is paralyzing our city and our residents, and I know that this is a drastic step, but I feel we are out of options at this point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What's the Holdup?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Proponents of physically returning students and teachers to schools say there is little justification for further delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the press conference, Herrera ticked off reasons for SFUSD to invite its 54,000 students out from behind their home computers and back into schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited assessments by city and state health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that schools can safely reopen, and he held up in-person learning currently taking place at 113 private and parochial schools in the city as something that should be possible for public schools as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Almost 16,000 students have returned to in-person school, and less than five cases of in-school transmission have been reported,\" Herrera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data showing a widening achievement gap in the student population was also driving the city's decision to act, he stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Black, Latino and other students of color in San Francisco, as well as those from low- income families, have lost significant academic ground compared with wealthier and white students during the pandemic,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFUSD's\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/about/news/current-news/sf-board-education-approves-resolution-safe-return-person-learning\"> Return to School Safely\u003c/a> plan originally envisioned a phased timeline for kids to come back, with the first wave of campuses reopening Jan. 25. But the plan was put on hold because, the district said, the union had made “significant new requests” that went beyond the safety protocols set by the city's Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101881772/bay-area-parents-students-eager-to-know-when-schools-will-reopen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appearance\u003c/a> on KQED's \"Forum\" radio program last week, Solomon, from the teachers union, defended that position, citing issues of equity.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'It's not in their families, is not in their neighborhood ... It's an amorphous kind of idea and a threat. It's not even seen as a potential threat ... We are hearing families testing positive every week. And so it just feels different for us.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\"[W]e know that in San Francisco as well as in surrounding counties, the families and communities who are hardest hit by COVID — namely Black and brown communities — are seeing much higher rates [than] the rest of the neighborhoods and communities,\" Solomon said. \"And we are emphasizing a lower community spread [before returning to schools] so that we can mitigate the effects of people being together who are in multigenerational households, who are experiencing ... higher rates of COVID.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tara Ramos, a teacher-librarian at Sanchez Elementary School who has a 7-year-old daughter in a San Francisco school, says pointing to private school reopenings as a reason for public schools to follow suit is illogical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Students from private schools are not coming from communities where [coronavirus] spread is so high,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the pandemic has dragged on, with little sign that children will see the inside of a classroom this school year, many parents have reached the end of their tether. The group Open Schools California has united parents from San Diego to Davis in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11857557/parents-unite-from-all-over-california-to-press-for-schools-reopening-unions-are-pushing-back\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">attempt to pressure stakeholders\u003c/a> who have the power to take action to pull the trigger on reopening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After 11 months of school closures and a lack of political will from some state and local leaders to do what's best for school children, it is encouraging to see the City of San Francisco acknowledge the science and stand up for what's right and what we've known all along,\" said Megan Bacigalupi, an organizer with the group, in a statement responding to the lawsuit. \"That schools can be reopened safely for students and teachers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tia Ghose, a journalist who lives in San Francisco's Castro neighborhood, says her two children have struggled with online learning. She and her husband recently pulled their third-grader out of public school and are now paying for in-person learning at a private school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The schools needed to be reopened yesterday,\" Ghose said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11848013/for-some-kids-distance-learning-is-rough-for-others-its-excruciating\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not alone\u003c/a> among Bay Area parents in reporting their kids struggling with going to school only online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p7\">\"We see high levels of anxiety,” Saun-Toy Trotter, a psychotherapist at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital in Oakland, told KQED in November. “High levels of depression.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p7\">Her school-based clinic recorded more youth suicide attempts in the first four weeks of the pandemic than it did in the entire previous year, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not every parent agrees that a return to in-person instruction is a no-brainer. On Forum, Solomon pointed to an SFUSD survey that found relatively more Black and brown parents reporting they don't feel safe sending their kids back into classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dynamic is playing out in other communities with high coronavirus transmission rates. Pecolia Manigo, a parent of three OUSD students and executive director of the Bay Area Parent Action Leadership Network, told KQED recently that many parents who are pushing for schools to reopen have not felt the effect of the pandemic the way that communities of color have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not in their families, is not in their neighborhood,\" said Manigo, who is Black. \"It's an amorphous kind of idea and a threat. It's not even seen as a potential threat ... We are hearing families testing positive every week. And so it just feels different for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafael Moreno, a \"third-generation-deep\" Mission District native with a 5-year-old daughter attending elementary school in the neighborhood, said that schools need to bring kids back, \"but they need to open when it’s safe for our students, our teachers and our community members. And that means vaccines for teachers and the support staff who make up the school community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Figuring out different plans for students of diverse needs, including impoverished students and those with disabilities, can be \"extremely resource-consuming,\" said Megan Caluza, a behavior analyst for SFUSD. One of the handful of educators on the district's working group on reopening, she says resumption of in-person learning requires more planning than people might realize.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public health guidelines for reopening, she said, \"aren't focused on equity, they're focused on broad public health understanding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Cacophany of Opinions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Still, while there are health disparities surrounding COVID-19 between different racial and economic groups, unequal responses to remote learning exist as well. As Herrera alluded to Wednesday, San Francisco public schools during the pandemic have experienced a higher rate of absenteeism and learning loss among Black, Latino, Asian and low-income students compared to those who are white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, during a Board of Supervisors' debate, outgoing Supervisor Sandra Lee Fewer became irate over the city's lack of progress in bringing students back into classrooms, calling it racist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[F]or those of you who are currently public school parents, it is great that you have internet access. It is great that you have a home for your children, and a place for them to do online learning and distance learning,\" Fewer shouted. \"But man, you talk to some of these parents, and you talk to some of these children, and you go to those community learning hubs, it would break your heart. This is a disservice. This is racist, and this is a disservice. It is one thing to say 'Black lives matter,' it's another thing to be saying 'while they're alive.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid this cacophony of opinions comes the lawsuit by the city. Will it succeed? Bill Koski, a professor of law and education at Stanford Law School, says courts are often hesitant to intervene on matters of school policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he added, the city's petition may represent uncharted territory.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To my knowledge, this is a first, where a city has taken the step of filing a lawsuit against the local public schools in order to have them reopen during the pandemic,\" Koski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Solomon, from the teachers union, was asked if she thought the city and district were close enough in negotiations to see a return to in-person learning this year, she said, \"I think we can get an agreement, yes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's unclear how the lawsuit will affect those talks. (\u003cem>Update Feb. 6\u003c/em>: On Friday, school unions announced a proposal that would restart in-person classes when San Francisco is categorized under the red tier of the state's COVID-19 risk-assessment system, provided vaccines are made available to all staff who work in district buildings, among other additional safety measures. If vaccines are not available, the unions would return once the city enters the orange tier, one level up from red in terms of indicating transmission risk. San Francisco is currently in the purple tier, the level designating the most risk.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the city's aggressive action has generated some bitterness among teachers. \"I already have low pay in what is one of the most expensive cities in the world,\" said Max Raynard, who teaches at Clarendon Elementary School. He said the lawsuit made him think San Francisco leadership doesn't support teachers. \"My raise each year is lower than the rate of inflation, which means I'm getting a pay cut each year. So I am doing this out of love of teaching and the students. And now people want to risk my life and the life of my loved ones?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramos, the teacher at Sanchez Elementary who supports waiting to reopen, acknowledges her daughter has had trouble adapting to online classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It hasn't been easy for us to keep her focused on what her teacher is asking us to do,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But little moments of wonder still occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She's been inspired by the way she's learning from her teachers and recording her own tutorials on the computer,\" Ramos said. She recalls her daughter exclaiming, \"'Here's how to make a book, everybody!'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All involved have one thing in common, at least. They wish for moments like that for every student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Katie Orr, Julia McEvoy and Lesley McClurg contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>This Week in California Politics\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We talk through the week’s biggest political stories: the governor’s sudden lifting of statewide stay-at-home orders amid a growing movement to recall him, newly confirmed Secretary of State Shirley Weber, newly appointed U.S. Sen. Alex Padilla and the decision by the San Francisco Board of Education to rename 44 schools in the name of social justice — even though most schools remain shuttered.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Joe Garofoli, San Francisco Chronicle senior political writer \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marisa Lagos, KQED politics and government correspondent\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Climate Change and Lake Tahoe\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lake Tahoe received several feet of snowfall this week, but a conference of climate change experts who gathered for the Operation Sierra Snowstorm Conference have a dire long-term prediction. At the current rate of warming, they say, many ski resorts will be seeing rain instead of snow at elevations of 5,000, 6,000 or even 7,000 feet in the decades to come.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dorian Fougères, California Tahoe Conservancy acting deputy director\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Daniel Swain, UCLA \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Institute of the Environment and Sustainability \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">climate scientist\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: California Coastline\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s coastline winds for more than 3,000 miles along the western edge of the United States. Videographer Jim McKee captured just a portion of its splendor in this week’s look at something beautiful.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>The head of California schools said Wednesday his office is working to re-imagine the role of police officers at the state’s 10,000 public schools but that some schools would still need officers on campus to protect students’ safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond said the officers would be needed to protect students from dangers, including school shootings or bomb threats, but officers would no longer be called upon to discipline misbehaving students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a former school board member, I spent four years working very closely with school resource officers,” Thurmond said. “But I’ve already seen data that shows when there’s police on campus, this results in more suspensions and arrests, particularly for African American students and other students of color.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thurmond’s announcement came a day after the San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) Board of Education voted to cut ties with city police as protests against police brutality continue across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFUSD board voted unanimously Tuesday to end an agreement with the San Francisco Police Department involving 12 armed police officers assigned to respond to calls at schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution deems schools as sanctuary spaces from law enforcement and directs staff and schools Superintendent Vincent Matthews to not cooperate or facilitate in the criminalization of a student, their family member or staff on campus by state, federal and local law enforcement agencies. Additionally, armed officers won’t be allowed on school grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board’s resolution also calls for $46,000 in school district funds previously used to pay law enforcement to be reallocated toward student support services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the board’s vote, San Francisco Police spokesman Sgt. Michael Andraychak said in an email, “The department has not made any decisions regarding the [school resource officer] program. We look forward to having conversations with Superintendent Matthews regarding how we implement a thoughtful transition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thurmond said schools that still need a police presence would get officers who choose to be there and who have been trained on implicit bias. He said officers won’t be assigned to campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said his office has convened a task force that includes legislators, researchers, law enforcement officials and advocacy groups that will look at how to address security issues at public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11823933,news_11823958,news_11823140 label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools throughout the nation are grappling with how to address demands to get police officers out of schools amid protests against police brutality following the death of George Floyd, a Black man who died after a white Minneapolis police officer pressed a knee to his neck for nearly eight minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Unified School District Board is expected to vote Wednesday on whether to eliminate its police department, which has an annual budget of $6 million and a force of 10 sworn officers and 50 unarmed campus security guards. It is one of 19 school districts in California with its own police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board of United Teachers Los Angeles, the powerful teachers union, recently voted to call for defunding the school police department and using $63 million of its $70 million budget for counseling and other student services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Tuesday, the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD), the second-largest in the nation, rejected a proposal to defund campus police. Some district board members said they wouldn’t want to defund police unless there was another plan for guaranteeing the safety of the district’s 735,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional reporting contributed by Bay City News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools throughout the nation are grappling with how to address demands to get police officers out of schools amid protests against police brutality following the death of George Floyd, a Black man who died after a white Minneapolis police officer pressed a knee to his neck for nearly eight minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Unified School District Board is expected to vote Wednesday on whether to eliminate its police department, which has an annual budget of $6 million and a force of 10 sworn officers and 50 unarmed campus security guards. It is one of 19 school districts in California with its own police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board of United Teachers Los Angeles, the powerful teachers union, recently voted to call for defunding the school police department and using $63 million of its $70 million budget for counseling and other student services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Tuesday, the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD), the second-largest in the nation, rejected a proposal to defund campus police. Some district board members said they wouldn’t want to defund police unless there was another plan for guaranteeing the safety of the district’s 735,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional reporting contributed by Bay City News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Darryl Lester was at his mom’s place in Tacoma, Washington, when a letter he’d been waiting for arrived in the mail. At 40, he was destitute, in pain and out of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Darryl Lester, lead plaintiff in landmark special education lawsuit in California']‘My dream is to be able to pick up a book and read it by myself.’[/pullquote]The letter delivered good news: Lester would be getting disability benefits after blowing out his back in a sheet metal accident. But he crumpled it up and threw it in the trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? Because he couldn’t read it. From first through seventh grades, Lester had attended three public schools in San Francisco. At each, he struggled with reading and didn’t get the help he needed for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What he didn’t know until last year: His reading difficulties had made him the lead plaintiff — under the pseudonym Larry P. — in a landmark lawsuit that changed special education for black students across California. October marks the 40th anniversary of the judge’s ruling, which was supposed to help fix a system he had deemed discriminatory. But many educators, black parents and advocates for black students say plenty remains broken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Educable Mentally Retarded’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Larry P. case, California education code \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/495/926/2007878/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">required\u003c/a> school districts to use IQ scores when assessing students for special education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on the test results, black students statewide — young Darryl included — wound up categorized as “educable mentally retarded” at disproportionate rates: 27% labeled that way in 1968 were black — even though black students made up less than 9% of the student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same year, a group of black psychologists broke off from the American Psychological Association in protest over black community concerns that they believed the larger organization was too slow to address. Their top priority was to stop districts from using IQ tests, which they thought were culturally biased, to decide who belonged in special education, said one of the breakaway group’s founders, Harold Dent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Bay Area chapter of the Association of Black Psychologists learned of complaints from black parents in San Francisco, they teamed up with civil rights lawyers and sued in 1971.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a group, African Americans across the country scored lower on IQ tests. The \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/495/926/2007878/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lawsuit\u003c/a> alleged that was because the tests were biased toward Eurocentric culture. Questions like, ”Who wrote Romeo and Juliet,” they argued, didn’t assess a student’s innate capacity to learn. It tested knowledge that some – and not others — had acquired at home or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Robert Peckham agreed, calling the tests “racially and culturally biased” and “discriminatory.” He ordered a permanent ban on IQ testing of black students across California for purposes of special education placement. Today, California is the only state that has such a ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students who landed in classes for the “educable mentally retarded,” Peckham wrote, were doomed to fall “farther and farther behind,” because — instead of academics — the classes emphasized “personal hygiene and grooming” and “basic home and community living skills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darryl Lester remembers those classes: lots of recess time and plenty of field trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I walked to school and cried all the way,” he said. “I just didn’t like it, you know, because they wasn’t teaching us nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The District Labeled Her Son Mentally Retarded — and Didn’t Tell Her\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester and his mom and older brothers moved from Marietta, Georgia, to San Francisco in 1965, he said, because “she didn’t want to find us dead one day hanging by a tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Darryl Lester, lead plaintiff in landmark special education lawsuit in California']‘I walked to school and cried all the way. I just didn’t like it, you know, because they wasn’t teaching us nothing.’[/pullquote]Their first home was a Victorian in the Fillmore District. Lester said he learned his way around the “gorgeous” city by bus and bicycle. Life was pretty good, except in school. Although he was “very good at math,” Lester said, he had a hard time with reading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester said he remembers a teacher telling him he was looking at words backwards as he sought to pronounce them. People with dyslexia see words the same way as everyone else — but have a neurobiological language processing disorder that’s often responsive to intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether Lester has dyslexia is unclear. What is clear is that instead of getting help with his reading, he got teased, into fights and suspended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would get frustrated, agitated, upset, and then I’d get sent to the principal’s office,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester’s mom, Lucille Lester, didn’t learn that the school district had labeled her son “mentally retarded” until one of the black psychologists visited their home to evaluate Darryl and go through some tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After he talked to Darryl, he turns to me and says, ‘Well, there is nothing wrong with this child,’ ” she testified in court in 1977.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, she said, is when he told her what kind of classes Darryl had been attending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Naturally I didn’t feel good about it, and I got angry about it,” she told the court. “This is when I really found out what was really going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781040\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Family photos adorn the walls of Darryl and Cecilia Lester’s home in Tacoma, Washington. On the right is Darryl’s mother, Lucille Lester, now 91.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1200x899.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut.jpg 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Family photos adorn the walls of Darryl and Cecilia Lester’s home in Tacoma, Washington. On the right is Darryl’s mother, Lucille Lester, now 91. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not long after, Lucille Lester packed up the family and headed to Tacoma, where an older son was serving on a nearby military base. There, Darryl continued to struggle, because as Judge Peckham had predicted, he had fallen behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His new high school placed him in a half-day special education program. The other half, he spent at Safeway. Every morning, Lester said, he reported at 7:30 a.m. to the grocery store, where he worked for high school credits — but no pay — until 11 a.m. before attending a few classes in the back of the campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his family protested, the school put him in with the other kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tried hard, going to “summer school, night classes, hardly getting any sleep,” but fell two credits short of a high school diploma, Lester said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To this day, Lester, now 60, can barely read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester knew he was part of a lawsuit. His mom had joined it on his behalf in 1971 — the year it was filed and when the family moved to Tacoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until a reporter tracked him down last year, he never knew his pseudonym was “Larry P.” And he knew nothing of the ruling’s lasting impact on California schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 1977 trip to the courthouse, Lester, then 18, recalled: “I asked my momma, ‘Are we done?’ And she said, ‘Yes son, we done.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They never spoke of it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781037\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-800x472.jpg\" alt=\"Darryl Lester gets ready to share his experiences on a March 2019 panel of black San Francisco parents who are navigating the special education system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-800x472.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-1020x601.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-1200x708.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Darryl Lester gets ready to share his experiences on a March 2019 panel of black San Francisco parents who are navigating the special education system. \u003ccite>(Joe Goyos/Support for Families of Children With Disabilities)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Special Education Today\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Larry P. judge made California school districts reassess all black students who’d been designated “educable mentally retarded” — without IQ tests — and the numbers dropped. He banned the use of the tests specifically for black students. In time, more subtle special education categories replaced the old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time the judge ruled in 1979, a new \u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal law\u003c/a> enacted in 1975 guaranteed students with disabilities equal access to public education. Today, each special education student gets an Individualized Education Program, or IEP, which spells out their struggles and the support they’ll get at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Jean Robertson, chief of special education services for San Francisco Unified School District, on deciding who belongs in special education and who requires other types of support']‘That’s the crux of my tension in this work. That is with me every single day, particularly for black children.’[/pullquote]But \u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/programs/osepidea/618-data/LEA-racial-ethnic-disparities-tables/disproportionality-analysis-by-state-analysis-category.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a> released in 2016 show that black students nationwide are still being placed disproportionately in special education — particularly in categories like “emotional disturbance,” which are tied to behavior. They’re underassessed in categories such as autism spectrum disorder. And some who need special education don’t get assessed for anything. That, parents and special education advocates say, is because some teachers expect so little of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those risks, plenty of black parents want their kids in special education because it gives families a legal avenue to hold schools accountable. Last year, a group of black parents gathered at a San Francisco school to talk about their struggles getting their kids assessed and making sure they receive the support guaranteed under the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many black families find themselves navigating the system because nearly one in three black students in San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) is in special education — compared to one in eight non-black students, district data \u003ca href=\"//drive.google.com/open?id=13EX-vu62Ie1EcPO0VcoM-lI2lp-eEmwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shows\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That overrepresentation is highest in special education categories dealing with behavior. And educators, \u003ca href=\"http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/racial-disproportionality-in-school-discipline-implicit-bias-is-heavily-implicated/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies show\u003c/a>, are more likely to perceive the behavior of black boys as aggressive or defiant. That’s why black boys routinely post the highest rates of suspensions and expulsions in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mauricha Robinson said it’s not just boys: Her daughter Zariah excelled in school until sixth grade — when the curriculum got more complex. She tanked in her studies for the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of seeking to assess Zariah for special needs, Robinson said, the school was kicking her out of class, sending her home or to the principal’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just, ‘How do we curb the behavior, behavior, behavior,’ ” she said. “And it was all punitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all districts in California, SFUSD is working to reduce the disproportionately high numbers of black students in special education. Robinson speculates maybe that’s why no one in Zariah’s school sought to have her assessed, “to avoid stigmatizing another black child with a special education label.” But she thinks stereotypes played in, too, “of her being a black girl. Aggressive, ‘adultifying’ her, or ‘she’s sassy’ or ‘she’s outspoken.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Darryl Lester, lead plaintiff in landmark special education lawsuit in California']‘If you’re a kid that can’t read something, it’s embarrassing.’[/pullquote]That’s also common: \u003ca href=\"https://www.aecf.org/blog/new-study-the-adultification-of-black-girls/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> has shown that adults at school often treat black girls “as less innocent and more adult-like than white girls of the same age” and punish them more harshly as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Robinson got some advice: If she requested her daughter get assessed, she’d be inoculated against expulsion. And she did: The assessment showed Zariah has a learning disability — a cognitive processing disorder that affects short-term memory and comprehension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For eighth grade, Robinson moved Zariah into a regular class in a new school with some special assistance. It’s called “full inclusion” and aims to keep special education students from being singled out. Zariah’s grades shot up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jean Robertson, chief of special education services for SFUSD, said the push for “full inclusion” is among many changes the district has been implementing since a 2010 audit found black students were more likely to be segregated from the mainstream student population in special classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ApjCq-tEsycdkQD9UkeUkik-8owoQsCwXtrs0P6Cw8w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">audit\u003c/a> also found black students were significantly overrepresented in several special education categories, like “emotional disturbance”: They were 8.5 times more likely than non-black students to be designated “emotionally disturbed.” Today, that number is down to about four times more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781036\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781036\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"In 2010, black students at SF Unified School District were 8.5 times more likely than non-black students to be labeled “emotionally disturbed.” Today, that’s down to about four times more likely.\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-800x543.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-1020x692.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-1200x814.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut.jpg 1802w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2010, black students at SFUSD were 8.5 times more likely than non-black students to be labeled “emotionally disturbed.” Today, that’s down to about four times more likely. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Unified School District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California Department of Education data received in response to a public records request show 28 of the state’s nearly 1,000 school districts faring worse for black students in that category. The relatively low number of 28 is not surprising since many districts serve a very small number of black students, or none at all. At the high end, the data showed that one Southern California district is 12 times more likely to categorize black students as “emotionally disturbed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other changes SFUSD has made over the past decade include working to support students early on so they don’t land in special education, doing deeper assessments and better tailoring services to each special education student instead of putting them in cookie-cutter programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But deciding who belongs in special education and who requires other types of support remains a huge challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the crux of my tension in this work,” Robertson said. “That is with me every single day, particularly for black children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Putting an IQ Label on Students Is Like ‘Walking Around With Dynamite’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IQ testing ban at the heart of the Larry P. ruling has created tensions of its own. The California Association of School Psychologists wants it lifted, noting that the persistent overrepresentation of black students in special education shows the ban hasn’t served its purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Mauricha Robinson, on trying to get help for her daughter, Zariah, an SFUSD student']“It was just, ‘How do we curb the behavior, behavior, behavior. And it was all punitive.’ “[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many advocates for black students want the ban to remain in place, saying so many other biases still exist in the educational system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Affeldt, a managing attorney at Public Advocates, one of the civil rights firms that filed the Larry P. lawsuit, acknowledged IQ tests have improved since then — but not by enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting an intelligence label on a student is “like walking around with dynamite,” he said. “It’s not going to blow up for every kid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it does, the cost is simply too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened to Darryl Lester. His lack of an education, inability to read and the shame he carried cost him. He struggled with addiction and low-wage jobs before hard physical labor left him disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester said he has worked hard to rise above all that. He has been sober for 18 years now, happily married for 14. He and his wife, Cecilia Lester, now live in a redeveloped Tacoma housing project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cecilia sometimes finds him alone, crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It hurts on the inside, but you have to swallow your pride and look over it and just find some strength somewhere and say, ‘Hey, come on, you can do this. I’m better than this,’ and that gets me through the day,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"Darryl Lester at Fisherman’s Wharf in March 2019 on his first visit to San Francisco since he testified in the “Larry P.” trial in 1977.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-1044x783.jpeg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-536x402.jpeg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Darryl Lester at Fisherman’s Wharf in March 2019 on his first visit to San Francisco since he testified in the “Larry P.” trial in 1977. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘To Be Able to Pick Up a Book and Read it by Myself’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Larry P. case remains the subject of \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=%22larry+p%22+%22special+education%22&btnG=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">academic articles\u003c/a>, online tutorials and plenty of debate. But for decades, the identity of Larry P. — and what happened to him — remained a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s no longer true, and Darryl Lester said he wants some good to come of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='schools' label='Related Coverage']Revisiting his schooling and the burden he carried into adulthood has been painful, he said. But it has driven him to share his experience in hopes that it might help today’s black students who aren’t getting the support they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last spring, Lester returned to San Francisco for the first time since he testified. He was the guest of honor on a panel that included mothers of current black special education students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a teacher’s not helping you, that is not good,” Lester told the gathering of educators, disability rights advocates and black parents, his voice cracking. “You’ve got other kids that will make fun of you. And if you’re a kid that can’t read something, it’s embarrassing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the few students who attended the event, Lester said he had a special message: They should fight for an education and never feel ashamed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week, he’ll tell his story again at the convention of the California Association of School Psychologists, the organization trying to lift that Larry P. ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the grassroots group Decoding Dyslexia CA and the Northern California branch of the International Dyslexia Association are fundraising to create a “Larry P.” scholarship for African American students in Northern California who are struggling to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decoding Dyslexia CA has also found a tutor in Tacoma to teach Lester to read. Lester knows it will be hard work, but he said: “My dream is to be able to pick up a book and read it by myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.kalw.org/post/legacy-mistreatment-san-francisco-s-black-special-ed-students#stream/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earlier version\u003c/a> of this story aired on KALW’s news magazine, Crosscurrents. This story was reported with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">support\u003c/a> of the Fund for Journalism on Child Well-Being, a program of the University of Southern California Center for Health Journalism.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A landmark ruling in 1977 changed special education for black students across California. But many educators, black parents and advocates for black students say plenty remains broken.",
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"title": "A Landmark Lawsuit Aimed to Fix Special Ed for California's Black Students. It Didn’t. | KQED",
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"headline": "A Landmark Lawsuit Aimed to Fix Special Ed for California's Black Students. It Didn’t.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Darryl Lester was at his mom’s place in Tacoma, Washington, when a letter he’d been waiting for arrived in the mail. At 40, he was destitute, in pain and out of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The letter delivered good news: Lester would be getting disability benefits after blowing out his back in a sheet metal accident. But he crumpled it up and threw it in the trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? Because he couldn’t read it. From first through seventh grades, Lester had attended three public schools in San Francisco. At each, he struggled with reading and didn’t get the help he needed for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What he didn’t know until last year: His reading difficulties had made him the lead plaintiff — under the pseudonym Larry P. — in a landmark lawsuit that changed special education for black students across California. October marks the 40th anniversary of the judge’s ruling, which was supposed to help fix a system he had deemed discriminatory. But many educators, black parents and advocates for black students say plenty remains broken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Educable Mentally Retarded’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Larry P. case, California education code \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/495/926/2007878/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">required\u003c/a> school districts to use IQ scores when assessing students for special education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on the test results, black students statewide — young Darryl included — wound up categorized as “educable mentally retarded” at disproportionate rates: 27% labeled that way in 1968 were black — even though black students made up less than 9% of the student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same year, a group of black psychologists broke off from the American Psychological Association in protest over black community concerns that they believed the larger organization was too slow to address. Their top priority was to stop districts from using IQ tests, which they thought were culturally biased, to decide who belonged in special education, said one of the breakaway group’s founders, Harold Dent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Bay Area chapter of the Association of Black Psychologists learned of complaints from black parents in San Francisco, they teamed up with civil rights lawyers and sued in 1971.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a group, African Americans across the country scored lower on IQ tests. The \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/495/926/2007878/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lawsuit\u003c/a> alleged that was because the tests were biased toward Eurocentric culture. Questions like, ”Who wrote Romeo and Juliet,” they argued, didn’t assess a student’s innate capacity to learn. It tested knowledge that some – and not others — had acquired at home or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Robert Peckham agreed, calling the tests “racially and culturally biased” and “discriminatory.” He ordered a permanent ban on IQ testing of black students across California for purposes of special education placement. Today, California is the only state that has such a ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students who landed in classes for the “educable mentally retarded,” Peckham wrote, were doomed to fall “farther and farther behind,” because — instead of academics — the classes emphasized “personal hygiene and grooming” and “basic home and community living skills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darryl Lester remembers those classes: lots of recess time and plenty of field trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I walked to school and cried all the way,” he said. “I just didn’t like it, you know, because they wasn’t teaching us nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The District Labeled Her Son Mentally Retarded — and Didn’t Tell Her\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester and his mom and older brothers moved from Marietta, Georgia, to San Francisco in 1965, he said, because “she didn’t want to find us dead one day hanging by a tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Their first home was a Victorian in the Fillmore District. Lester said he learned his way around the “gorgeous” city by bus and bicycle. Life was pretty good, except in school. Although he was “very good at math,” Lester said, he had a hard time with reading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester said he remembers a teacher telling him he was looking at words backwards as he sought to pronounce them. People with dyslexia see words the same way as everyone else — but have a neurobiological language processing disorder that’s often responsive to intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether Lester has dyslexia is unclear. What is clear is that instead of getting help with his reading, he got teased, into fights and suspended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would get frustrated, agitated, upset, and then I’d get sent to the principal’s office,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester’s mom, Lucille Lester, didn’t learn that the school district had labeled her son “mentally retarded” until one of the black psychologists visited their home to evaluate Darryl and go through some tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After he talked to Darryl, he turns to me and says, ‘Well, there is nothing wrong with this child,’ ” she testified in court in 1977.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, she said, is when he told her what kind of classes Darryl had been attending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Naturally I didn’t feel good about it, and I got angry about it,” she told the court. “This is when I really found out what was really going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781040\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Family photos adorn the walls of Darryl and Cecilia Lester’s home in Tacoma, Washington. On the right is Darryl’s mother, Lucille Lester, now 91.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1200x899.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut.jpg 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Family photos adorn the walls of Darryl and Cecilia Lester’s home in Tacoma, Washington. On the right is Darryl’s mother, Lucille Lester, now 91. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not long after, Lucille Lester packed up the family and headed to Tacoma, where an older son was serving on a nearby military base. There, Darryl continued to struggle, because as Judge Peckham had predicted, he had fallen behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His new high school placed him in a half-day special education program. The other half, he spent at Safeway. Every morning, Lester said, he reported at 7:30 a.m. to the grocery store, where he worked for high school credits — but no pay — until 11 a.m. before attending a few classes in the back of the campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his family protested, the school put him in with the other kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tried hard, going to “summer school, night classes, hardly getting any sleep,” but fell two credits short of a high school diploma, Lester said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To this day, Lester, now 60, can barely read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester knew he was part of a lawsuit. His mom had joined it on his behalf in 1971 — the year it was filed and when the family moved to Tacoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until a reporter tracked him down last year, he never knew his pseudonym was “Larry P.” And he knew nothing of the ruling’s lasting impact on California schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 1977 trip to the courthouse, Lester, then 18, recalled: “I asked my momma, ‘Are we done?’ And she said, ‘Yes son, we done.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They never spoke of it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781037\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-800x472.jpg\" alt=\"Darryl Lester gets ready to share his experiences on a March 2019 panel of black San Francisco parents who are navigating the special education system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-800x472.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-1020x601.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-1200x708.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Darryl Lester gets ready to share his experiences on a March 2019 panel of black San Francisco parents who are navigating the special education system. \u003ccite>(Joe Goyos/Support for Families of Children With Disabilities)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Special Education Today\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Larry P. judge made California school districts reassess all black students who’d been designated “educable mentally retarded” — without IQ tests — and the numbers dropped. He banned the use of the tests specifically for black students. In time, more subtle special education categories replaced the old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time the judge ruled in 1979, a new \u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal law\u003c/a> enacted in 1975 guaranteed students with disabilities equal access to public education. Today, each special education student gets an Individualized Education Program, or IEP, which spells out their struggles and the support they’ll get at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/programs/osepidea/618-data/LEA-racial-ethnic-disparities-tables/disproportionality-analysis-by-state-analysis-category.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a> released in 2016 show that black students nationwide are still being placed disproportionately in special education — particularly in categories like “emotional disturbance,” which are tied to behavior. They’re underassessed in categories such as autism spectrum disorder. And some who need special education don’t get assessed for anything. That, parents and special education advocates say, is because some teachers expect so little of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those risks, plenty of black parents want their kids in special education because it gives families a legal avenue to hold schools accountable. Last year, a group of black parents gathered at a San Francisco school to talk about their struggles getting their kids assessed and making sure they receive the support guaranteed under the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many black families find themselves navigating the system because nearly one in three black students in San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) is in special education — compared to one in eight non-black students, district data \u003ca href=\"//drive.google.com/open?id=13EX-vu62Ie1EcPO0VcoM-lI2lp-eEmwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shows\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That overrepresentation is highest in special education categories dealing with behavior. And educators, \u003ca href=\"http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/racial-disproportionality-in-school-discipline-implicit-bias-is-heavily-implicated/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies show\u003c/a>, are more likely to perceive the behavior of black boys as aggressive or defiant. That’s why black boys routinely post the highest rates of suspensions and expulsions in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mauricha Robinson said it’s not just boys: Her daughter Zariah excelled in school until sixth grade — when the curriculum got more complex. She tanked in her studies for the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of seeking to assess Zariah for special needs, Robinson said, the school was kicking her out of class, sending her home or to the principal’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just, ‘How do we curb the behavior, behavior, behavior,’ ” she said. “And it was all punitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all districts in California, SFUSD is working to reduce the disproportionately high numbers of black students in special education. Robinson speculates maybe that’s why no one in Zariah’s school sought to have her assessed, “to avoid stigmatizing another black child with a special education label.” But she thinks stereotypes played in, too, “of her being a black girl. Aggressive, ‘adultifying’ her, or ‘she’s sassy’ or ‘she’s outspoken.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s also common: \u003ca href=\"https://www.aecf.org/blog/new-study-the-adultification-of-black-girls/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> has shown that adults at school often treat black girls “as less innocent and more adult-like than white girls of the same age” and punish them more harshly as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Robinson got some advice: If she requested her daughter get assessed, she’d be inoculated against expulsion. And she did: The assessment showed Zariah has a learning disability — a cognitive processing disorder that affects short-term memory and comprehension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For eighth grade, Robinson moved Zariah into a regular class in a new school with some special assistance. It’s called “full inclusion” and aims to keep special education students from being singled out. Zariah’s grades shot up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jean Robertson, chief of special education services for SFUSD, said the push for “full inclusion” is among many changes the district has been implementing since a 2010 audit found black students were more likely to be segregated from the mainstream student population in special classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ApjCq-tEsycdkQD9UkeUkik-8owoQsCwXtrs0P6Cw8w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">audit\u003c/a> also found black students were significantly overrepresented in several special education categories, like “emotional disturbance”: They were 8.5 times more likely than non-black students to be designated “emotionally disturbed.” Today, that number is down to about four times more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781036\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781036\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"In 2010, black students at SF Unified School District were 8.5 times more likely than non-black students to be labeled “emotionally disturbed.” Today, that’s down to about four times more likely.\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-800x543.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-1020x692.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-1200x814.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut.jpg 1802w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2010, black students at SFUSD were 8.5 times more likely than non-black students to be labeled “emotionally disturbed.” Today, that’s down to about four times more likely. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Unified School District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California Department of Education data received in response to a public records request show 28 of the state’s nearly 1,000 school districts faring worse for black students in that category. The relatively low number of 28 is not surprising since many districts serve a very small number of black students, or none at all. At the high end, the data showed that one Southern California district is 12 times more likely to categorize black students as “emotionally disturbed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other changes SFUSD has made over the past decade include working to support students early on so they don’t land in special education, doing deeper assessments and better tailoring services to each special education student instead of putting them in cookie-cutter programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But deciding who belongs in special education and who requires other types of support remains a huge challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the crux of my tension in this work,” Robertson said. “That is with me every single day, particularly for black children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Putting an IQ Label on Students Is Like ‘Walking Around With Dynamite’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IQ testing ban at the heart of the Larry P. ruling has created tensions of its own. The California Association of School Psychologists wants it lifted, noting that the persistent overrepresentation of black students in special education shows the ban hasn’t served its purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many advocates for black students want the ban to remain in place, saying so many other biases still exist in the educational system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Affeldt, a managing attorney at Public Advocates, one of the civil rights firms that filed the Larry P. lawsuit, acknowledged IQ tests have improved since then — but not by enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting an intelligence label on a student is “like walking around with dynamite,” he said. “It’s not going to blow up for every kid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it does, the cost is simply too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened to Darryl Lester. His lack of an education, inability to read and the shame he carried cost him. He struggled with addiction and low-wage jobs before hard physical labor left him disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester said he has worked hard to rise above all that. He has been sober for 18 years now, happily married for 14. He and his wife, Cecilia Lester, now live in a redeveloped Tacoma housing project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cecilia sometimes finds him alone, crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It hurts on the inside, but you have to swallow your pride and look over it and just find some strength somewhere and say, ‘Hey, come on, you can do this. I’m better than this,’ and that gets me through the day,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"Darryl Lester at Fisherman’s Wharf in March 2019 on his first visit to San Francisco since he testified in the “Larry P.” trial in 1977.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-1044x783.jpeg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-536x402.jpeg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Darryl Lester at Fisherman’s Wharf in March 2019 on his first visit to San Francisco since he testified in the “Larry P.” trial in 1977. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘To Be Able to Pick Up a Book and Read it by Myself’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Larry P. case remains the subject of \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=%22larry+p%22+%22special+education%22&btnG=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">academic articles\u003c/a>, online tutorials and plenty of debate. But for decades, the identity of Larry P. — and what happened to him — remained a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s no longer true, and Darryl Lester said he wants some good to come of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Revisiting his schooling and the burden he carried into adulthood has been painful, he said. But it has driven him to share his experience in hopes that it might help today’s black students who aren’t getting the support they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last spring, Lester returned to San Francisco for the first time since he testified. He was the guest of honor on a panel that included mothers of current black special education students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a teacher’s not helping you, that is not good,” Lester told the gathering of educators, disability rights advocates and black parents, his voice cracking. “You’ve got other kids that will make fun of you. And if you’re a kid that can’t read something, it’s embarrassing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the few students who attended the event, Lester said he had a special message: They should fight for an education and never feel ashamed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week, he’ll tell his story again at the convention of the California Association of School Psychologists, the organization trying to lift that Larry P. ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the grassroots group Decoding Dyslexia CA and the Northern California branch of the International Dyslexia Association are fundraising to create a “Larry P.” scholarship for African American students in Northern California who are struggling to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decoding Dyslexia CA has also found a tutor in Tacoma to teach Lester to read. Lester knows it will be hard work, but he said: “My dream is to be able to pick up a book and read it by myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.kalw.org/post/legacy-mistreatment-san-francisco-s-black-special-ed-students#stream/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earlier version\u003c/a> of this story aired on KALW’s news magazine, Crosscurrents. This story was reported with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">support\u003c/a> of the Fund for Journalism on Child Well-Being, a program of the University of Southern California Center for Health Journalism.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "S.F. Mayor Offers $10 Million in Stipends in Bid to Keep Teachers at Highest-Need Schools",
"title": "S.F. Mayor Offers $10 Million in Stipends in Bid to Keep Teachers at Highest-Need Schools",
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"content": "\u003cp>Teachers at San Francisco's hardest-to-staff schools began the school year with news of a much-welcomed bonus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1,000 teachers at San Francisco Unified's so-called \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfusd.edu/en/employment/certificated-careers/teaching-careers/why-teach-with-sfusd/where-we-need-you-most.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high-potential schools\u003c/a>, which predominantly serve lower-income students of color, will receive an additional $3,000 stipend this year. The funding comes from a new $10 million, two-year pilot program, announced Monday — on the first day of school — by San Francisco Mayor London Breed, in an effort to retain educators at schools with high teacher turnover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Latrice Simmons, educator at Dr. George Washington Carver Elementary School\"]'A lot of us are having a hard time staying in the neighborhoods we teach in.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes in addition to the $2,000 annual stipends that teachers at these schools already receive on top of their base salaries, a bump stemming from a 2008 voter-approved bond. In the coming fiscal year, those educators will also receive an additional $2,500, bringing their total stipend amount to $7,500, the mayor's office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Students in San Francisco deserve a high-quality education, regardless of where they live or go to school,\" Breed said in a statement. \"San Francisco is an expensive place to live and we hope that these stipends will help our educators afford the cost of living so that they can be part of the community in which they work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's housing crisis has taken a particularly tough toll on the state's educators, particularly those living and working in expensive coastal regions, where average teaching salaries have generally failed to keep pace with skyrocketing rents or home prices and other living costs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#property\">[Check out the interactive teacher-housing cost calulator tool below.]\u003c/a>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>Almost nowhere is this more apparent than in notoriously expensive San Francisco. Here, the average SFUSD teacher makes nearly $84,000, according to the district, a salary that's slightly higher than the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/databases/article3187034.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">average for teachers statewide\u003c/a> but still hardly enough to cover expenses in a city where rents alone typically exceed $3,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Relatively low pay, on top of a full-fledged housing crisis is a big reason why teachers leave the district,\" said Jenny Lam, a San Francisco Board of Education commissioner, who also serves as Breed's education adviser. \"We see that the turnover rate at high-potential schools is higher. So this is an opportunity to focus in on [those] schools. ... The goal is to continue building retention over time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed's new stipend plan comes on the heels of recent efforts by her administration to create more affordable housing for teachers in the city. One \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Breed-supervisors-strike-a-deal-over-dueling-14123003.php?psid=9kEMi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">upcoming ballot measure \u003c/a>would allow 100% affordable and educator housing to be built on parcels of public land that are over 10,000 square feet (not including parks).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At San Francisco’s 25 high-potential schools, nearly all of which are in the city's Bayview, Mission and southeastern neighborhoods, roughly a third of educators are first- or second-year teachers, and the turnover rate is 27%, as compared to the districtwide rate of 21%, according to the mayor's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related stories\" tag=\"teachers\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is fantastic for schools like ours,\" said Emmanuel S. Stewart, principal of Dr. George Washington Carver Elementary School in the Bayview-Hunter's Point neighborhood. \"It's something they should've been paying us for a long time. ... Our educators very seldom get the full compensation they deserve.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 70% of his school's staff lives outside of San Francisco, Stewart said, noting that an increasing number of his students have also moved out of the city but are still enrolled and now commute to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the three years Stewart has been principal at Carver, at least 10 teachers have departed, many for jobs in higher-paying districts, he said. Last year, three of his young teachers accepted positions at higher-income schools in Palo Alto, taking with them \"the [teaching] knowledge that we gave them,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart said he hopes similar financial incentives will be offered to his school's classified staff, including the custodians, food-service workers and instructional assistants, who typically make less than teachers and often face even greater financial strain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm hoping they'll really consider everyone who’s dedicated time to our community,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latrice Simmons, an educator at Carver, said she moved out of San Francisco several years ago, and now commutes from Daly City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can’t afford to live in the city. It just got so expensive I couldn’t continue,” she said. \"A lot of us are having a hard time staying in the neighborhoods we teach in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extra cash the district is offering is a much-needed boost, but still not enough for most teachers to be able to continue living in San Francisco, Simmons said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’ll be honest. We kind of need more,\" she said. \"The typical studio apartment starts at about $3,000. There's not too much left over at that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that all aside, she added, \"I'm committed to staying in San Francisco, and specifically staying in schools where people look like me. I want to make sure brown and black children have access to a quality education.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"property\">\u003c/a>How much housing can California teachers afford?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>An interactive tool from \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2019/how-much-housing-can-california-teachers-afford/611235\">EdSource\u003c/a>, produced by Yuxuan Xie, Daniel J. Willis and Justin Allen.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>(Note: salary data based on 2017-18 California Department of Education figures.)\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://edsource.org/dataviz/ca-teachers-housing/index.html\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>KQED's Holly McDede contributed reporting to this article.\u003c/i>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Teachers at San Francisco's hardest-to-staff schools began the school year with news of a much-welcomed bonus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1,000 teachers at San Francisco Unified's so-called \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfusd.edu/en/employment/certificated-careers/teaching-careers/why-teach-with-sfusd/where-we-need-you-most.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high-potential schools\u003c/a>, which predominantly serve lower-income students of color, will receive an additional $3,000 stipend this year. The funding comes from a new $10 million, two-year pilot program, announced Monday — on the first day of school — by San Francisco Mayor London Breed, in an effort to retain educators at schools with high teacher turnover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes in addition to the $2,000 annual stipends that teachers at these schools already receive on top of their base salaries, a bump stemming from a 2008 voter-approved bond. In the coming fiscal year, those educators will also receive an additional $2,500, bringing their total stipend amount to $7,500, the mayor's office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Students in San Francisco deserve a high-quality education, regardless of where they live or go to school,\" Breed said in a statement. \"San Francisco is an expensive place to live and we hope that these stipends will help our educators afford the cost of living so that they can be part of the community in which they work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's housing crisis has taken a particularly tough toll on the state's educators, particularly those living and working in expensive coastal regions, where average teaching salaries have generally failed to keep pace with skyrocketing rents or home prices and other living costs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#property\">[Check out the interactive teacher-housing cost calulator tool below.]\u003c/a>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>Almost nowhere is this more apparent than in notoriously expensive San Francisco. Here, the average SFUSD teacher makes nearly $84,000, according to the district, a salary that's slightly higher than the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/databases/article3187034.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">average for teachers statewide\u003c/a> but still hardly enough to cover expenses in a city where rents alone typically exceed $3,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Relatively low pay, on top of a full-fledged housing crisis is a big reason why teachers leave the district,\" said Jenny Lam, a San Francisco Board of Education commissioner, who also serves as Breed's education adviser. \"We see that the turnover rate at high-potential schools is higher. So this is an opportunity to focus in on [those] schools. ... The goal is to continue building retention over time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed's new stipend plan comes on the heels of recent efforts by her administration to create more affordable housing for teachers in the city. One \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Breed-supervisors-strike-a-deal-over-dueling-14123003.php?psid=9kEMi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">upcoming ballot measure \u003c/a>would allow 100% affordable and educator housing to be built on parcels of public land that are over 10,000 square feet (not including parks).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At San Francisco’s 25 high-potential schools, nearly all of which are in the city's Bayview, Mission and southeastern neighborhoods, roughly a third of educators are first- or second-year teachers, and the turnover rate is 27%, as compared to the districtwide rate of 21%, according to the mayor's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is fantastic for schools like ours,\" said Emmanuel S. Stewart, principal of Dr. George Washington Carver Elementary School in the Bayview-Hunter's Point neighborhood. \"It's something they should've been paying us for a long time. ... Our educators very seldom get the full compensation they deserve.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 70% of his school's staff lives outside of San Francisco, Stewart said, noting that an increasing number of his students have also moved out of the city but are still enrolled and now commute to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the three years Stewart has been principal at Carver, at least 10 teachers have departed, many for jobs in higher-paying districts, he said. Last year, three of his young teachers accepted positions at higher-income schools in Palo Alto, taking with them \"the [teaching] knowledge that we gave them,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart said he hopes similar financial incentives will be offered to his school's classified staff, including the custodians, food-service workers and instructional assistants, who typically make less than teachers and often face even greater financial strain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm hoping they'll really consider everyone who’s dedicated time to our community,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latrice Simmons, an educator at Carver, said she moved out of San Francisco several years ago, and now commutes from Daly City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can’t afford to live in the city. It just got so expensive I couldn’t continue,” she said. \"A lot of us are having a hard time staying in the neighborhoods we teach in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extra cash the district is offering is a much-needed boost, but still not enough for most teachers to be able to continue living in San Francisco, Simmons said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’ll be honest. We kind of need more,\" she said. \"The typical studio apartment starts at about $3,000. There's not too much left over at that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that all aside, she added, \"I'm committed to staying in San Francisco, and specifically staying in schools where people look like me. I want to make sure brown and black children have access to a quality education.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"property\">\u003c/a>How much housing can California teachers afford?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>An interactive tool from \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2019/how-much-housing-can-california-teachers-afford/611235\">EdSource\u003c/a>, produced by Yuxuan Xie, Daniel J. Willis and Justin Allen.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>(Note: salary data based on 2017-18 California Department of Education figures.)\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://edsource.org/dataviz/ca-teachers-housing/index.html\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>KQED's Holly McDede contributed reporting to this article.\u003c/i>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A controversial mural at a San Francisco high school is not going away quite yet after the San Francisco Unified School District’s board reversed an earlier decision to paint over the mural in a 4-3 vote Tuesday night. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11765093\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFUSD Board meeting was packed, with attendees voicing opinions on the 13-panel mural at George Washington High School. At times things became heated with boos and shouting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1,600 square-foot “Life of Washington” was painted by Victor Arnautoff in 1936, and depicts scenes from Washington’s life. One of the panels features Washington directing white men westward over the body of an apparently slain Native American. Another shows Washington among his slaves at Mount Vernon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the Board \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13860237/this-is-reparations-s-f-school-board-votes-to-paint-over-controversial-high-school-mural\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">voted to paint over the mural\u003c/a>. But SFUSD Board President Stevon Cook decided there should be another vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After hearing much more input from the public and a lot of sentiment around destroying the art, I decided to bring the item back,” Cook said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook admitted intensifying criticism made him reconsider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did have outreach from people in favor of the decision, but we did get a lot of outreach from people against it … those emails haven’t stopped,” Cook said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/katewolffe/status/1161481784321691648\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move came after critics insisted destroying the mural would amount historical censorship, and a loss to art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Work will now begin to cover up the murals using solid panels instead of paint. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arianna Antone-Ramirez, a member of the Tohono O’odham Nation and board member of the American Indian Cultural Center of San Francisco, said that while she’s glad the mural will be covered up, she’s frustrated by the reversal of the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"From KQED Arts\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13860237/this-is-reparations-s-f-school-board-votes-to-paint-over-controversial-high-school-mural,S.F. School Board Votes to Paint Over Controversial High School Mural\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t be surprised if we’re back here in 20 years trying to advocate again to try to cover up this mural,” Anton-Ramirez said. “I won’t be surprised if a future board of education takes the panel down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students returning to class next week will see the mural at least until a required environmental impact report is completed and the panels installed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost to cover the mural is expected to run into the hundreds of thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed reporting to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "S.F. School Board Votes to Cover Controversial Mural Instead of Painting Over It",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A controversial mural at a San Francisco high school is not going away quite yet after the San Francisco Unified School District’s board reversed an earlier decision to paint over the mural in a 4-3 vote Tuesday night. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFUSD Board meeting was packed, with attendees voicing opinions on the 13-panel mural at George Washington High School. At times things became heated with boos and shouting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1,600 square-foot “Life of Washington” was painted by Victor Arnautoff in 1936, and depicts scenes from Washington’s life. One of the panels features Washington directing white men westward over the body of an apparently slain Native American. Another shows Washington among his slaves at Mount Vernon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the Board \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13860237/this-is-reparations-s-f-school-board-votes-to-paint-over-controversial-high-school-mural\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">voted to paint over the mural\u003c/a>. But SFUSD Board President Stevon Cook decided there should be another vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After hearing much more input from the public and a lot of sentiment around destroying the art, I decided to bring the item back,” Cook said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook admitted intensifying criticism made him reconsider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did have outreach from people in favor of the decision, but we did get a lot of outreach from people against it … those emails haven’t stopped,” Cook said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The move came after critics insisted destroying the mural would amount historical censorship, and a loss to art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Work will now begin to cover up the murals using solid panels instead of paint. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arianna Antone-Ramirez, a member of the Tohono O’odham Nation and board member of the American Indian Cultural Center of San Francisco, said that while she’s glad the mural will be covered up, she’s frustrated by the reversal of the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"link1": "https://www.kqed.org/arts/13860237/this-is-reparations-s-f-school-board-votes-to-paint-over-controversial-high-school-mural,S.F. School Board Votes to Paint Over Controversial High School Mural"
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t be surprised if we’re back here in 20 years trying to advocate again to try to cover up this mural,” Anton-Ramirez said. “I won’t be surprised if a future board of education takes the panel down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students returning to class next week will see the mural at least until a required environmental impact report is completed and the panels installed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost to cover the mural is expected to run into the hundreds of thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed reporting to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Outrage Over Sick Teachers Paying for Their Own Substitutes Sparks Calls for Reform",
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"headTitle": "Outrage Over Sick Teachers Paying for Their Own Substitutes Sparks Calls for Reform | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A 40-year-old law requiring public school teachers on extended sick leave to pay for their substitutes is under scrutiny by some state lawmakers after KQED reported on the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s absolutely outrageous and leaves you in a state of desperation, when your cancer diagnosis already has taken your hope away.’\u003ccite>Heather Burns, San Francisco teacher\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11743992/should-california-teachers-who-get-seriously-ill-have-to-pay-for-their-own-subs\">KQED\u003c/a> found that a San Francisco Unified elementary school teacher had to pay the cost of her own substitute — amounting to nearly half of her paycheck — while she underwent extended cancer treatment. Since the story published, more public school teachers have reached out to describe similar hardships.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Obscure Law, Major Impact\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Unlike many other employees, public school teachers in California don’t pay into the state disability insurance program (SDI) and can’t draw benefits from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=44977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Education Code\u003c/a>, teachers get 10 sick days a year, after which they receive 100 days of extended sick leave. It’s during this latter period that the cost of a substitute teacher is deducted from their salary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Heins, president of the California Teachers Association, said fixing the problem could be as simple as eliminating that part of the education code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747411\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 244px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11747411\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Connie_Leyva_2015-800x1225.jpg\" alt=\"State Sen. Connie Leyva, D-Chino, said she is looking into changing a 1976 law in the California Education Code that requires teachers to pay for their substitutes while on extended sick leave.\" width=\"244\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Connie_Leyva_2015.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Connie_Leyva_2015-160x245.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Connie_Leyva_2015-784x1200.jpg 784w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 244px) 100vw, 244px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Connie Leyva, D-Chino, said she is looking into changing a 1976 law in the California Education Code that requires teachers to pay for their substitutes while on extended sick leave. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California Air Resources Board)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Some of our advocates in Sacramento are talking with both the governor’s office and with [state Sen.] Connie Leyva and others who have expressed interest as this continues to go viral,” Heins said. “There’s a lot of discussion about it and outrage and, you know, you can say rightfully so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Heins added that scrapping the 1976 law would strain already cash-strapped districts, and noted that extra state funding would first be necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leyva, D-Chino, who chairs the Senate Education Committee, offered an apology to teachers who have had to pay for their substitutes while facing catastrophic illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sorry we don’t have a better system in place,” she said in a recent interview with KQED. “We couldn’t help you, but we’re going to try and fix it for future teachers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Leyva said that fix will likely have to wait until the next legislative session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re finding is that it’s a little more complicated than we thought it was,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leyva has also raised concerns with a rule in the education code that requires teachers to exhaust their extended sick leave days before they can receive donated sick days from their colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that teachers have to wait months before other teachers can donate time to them,” she said. “Teachers should be able to draw on that bank earlier rather than later. You know 100 days, five months … that’s a long time for people to have to wait and be out on leave and not have money to pay their bills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leyva said she was planning to explore the issue with the CTA before proposing reforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is receiving some national attention this week, with Bernie Sanders, Vermont senator and 2020 Democratic presidential candidate, weighing in via Facebook on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fberniesanders%2Fposts%2F2274464709275187&width=500\" width=\"800\" height=\"605\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allow=\"encrypted-media\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Surprisingly Small Paycheck\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Any of those reforms would have helped Heather Burns, who was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2016 while teaching fifth grade at Sheridan Elementary School in San Francisco. She and her husband had just had a child and purchased a new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While receiving treatment on extended sick leave, Burns began receiving her paychecks, which she said came to less than half of her regular pay after the cost of the substitute had been deducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s absolutely outrageous and leaves you in a state of desperation when your cancer diagnosis already has taken your hope away,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747580\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747580\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Heather-Burns-In-Classroom-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Heather Burns at Martin Elementary School in South San Francisco, where she now teaches third grade. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Heather-Burns-In-Classroom-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Heather-Burns-In-Classroom-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Heather-Burns-In-Classroom-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Heather-Burns-In-Classroom-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Heather-Burns-In-Classroom.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heather Burns at Martin Elementary School in South San Francisco, where she now teaches third grade. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Burns worried she and her husband wouldn’t be able to make mortgage payments on their home, and had to ultimately rely on help from her parents. She said she was also never told there was a sick-leave bank of donated days from other teachers available, which she might have been able to draw from after using up her own extended leave at partial pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was never contacted,” she said. “I was never told. I know that my principal wasn’t either, because she would have definitely let me know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her significantly diminished paycheck added insult to injury, Burns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sick. I just had surgery. I’ve just gotten diagnosed with breast cancer. My world is falling apart and they just send me my paycheck,” she said. “And I literally had to figure out with my husband how we were gonna make things work, get my treatment over the summer and go back to work so I didn’t have to pay for a sub.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Burns’ doctor advised her not to return to work, she said she couldn’t afford to stay home. Still sick and exhausted from her radiation treatment, she reluctantly returned to her fifth-grade classroom at Sheridan Elementary School at the beginning of the following school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On her first day back, Burns said, her principal apologetically informed her that she would have 41 students in her class. At that point, she began looking to move to another district and is now teaching third grade in South San Francisco, where her classes are notably smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burns contacted KQED after reading the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11743992/should-california-teachers-who-get-seriously-ill-have-to-pay-for-their-own-subs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">account of the first San Francisco teacher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"substitute-teachers\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought, ‘Wow that was me,’ ” she said. “And I thought it was just crazy that someone else was going through this exact same experience. And I thought, ‘Why didn’t I say anything or do anything earlier?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burns thinks one reason why this law has gone unnoticed for so long is that when teachers like herself are dealing with catastrophic illness, they are too preoccupied to contest the issue with their district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your first priority is getting better, staying healthy and taking care of your loved ones,” she said. “I completely understand why teachers in this situation are up in arms while they’re in this situation. It’s inhumane to expect that they would be able to have any space to advocate for better and more fair policies while they’re going through what’s probably the worst time in their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, SFUSD said it was unaware of any employers, public or private, that pay employees their full salary while on extended sick leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to note that teachers, unlike most workers, are not required to pay into any disability insurance,” SFUSD spokeswoman Laura Dudnick said in an email. “All other civil service employees — including paraprofessionals — do pay into state disability, regardless of whether they ever use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dudnick added that the district “offers one of the most competitive benefits packages in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California does not mandate paid extended sick leave, and the cost to most employers would be prohibitive, said Jenn Protas, an employment lawyer with Hoge Fenton in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1976 education code provision was, at the time, likely considered a benefit to teachers, Protas added, by guaranteeing 100 days of extended sick leave at partial pay, while protecting their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers from across the state plan to march on Sacramento on May 22 to demand more funding for schools. CTA’s Heins said that kind of public support is what it will take to drive change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole thing around differential pay — it’s been around 50 years — and now as the awareness has come to the forefront, suddenly everybody’s like, ‘Oh my God, this is really horrible! How can this happen?’ ” Heins said. “I think that it’s about changing the narrative around funding for public education so that it’s not just business as usual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A 40-year-old law requiring public school teachers on extended sick leave to pay for their substitutes is under scrutiny by some state lawmakers after KQED reported on the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s absolutely outrageous and leaves you in a state of desperation, when your cancer diagnosis already has taken your hope away.’\u003ccite>Heather Burns, San Francisco teacher\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11743992/should-california-teachers-who-get-seriously-ill-have-to-pay-for-their-own-subs\">KQED\u003c/a> found that a San Francisco Unified elementary school teacher had to pay the cost of her own substitute — amounting to nearly half of her paycheck — while she underwent extended cancer treatment. Since the story published, more public school teachers have reached out to describe similar hardships.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Obscure Law, Major Impact\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Unlike many other employees, public school teachers in California don’t pay into the state disability insurance program (SDI) and can’t draw benefits from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=44977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Education Code\u003c/a>, teachers get 10 sick days a year, after which they receive 100 days of extended sick leave. It’s during this latter period that the cost of a substitute teacher is deducted from their salary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Heins, president of the California Teachers Association, said fixing the problem could be as simple as eliminating that part of the education code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747411\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 244px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11747411\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Connie_Leyva_2015-800x1225.jpg\" alt=\"State Sen. Connie Leyva, D-Chino, said she is looking into changing a 1976 law in the California Education Code that requires teachers to pay for their substitutes while on extended sick leave.\" width=\"244\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Connie_Leyva_2015.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Connie_Leyva_2015-160x245.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Connie_Leyva_2015-784x1200.jpg 784w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 244px) 100vw, 244px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Connie Leyva, D-Chino, said she is looking into changing a 1976 law in the California Education Code that requires teachers to pay for their substitutes while on extended sick leave. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California Air Resources Board)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Some of our advocates in Sacramento are talking with both the governor’s office and with [state Sen.] Connie Leyva and others who have expressed interest as this continues to go viral,” Heins said. “There’s a lot of discussion about it and outrage and, you know, you can say rightfully so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Heins added that scrapping the 1976 law would strain already cash-strapped districts, and noted that extra state funding would first be necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leyva, D-Chino, who chairs the Senate Education Committee, offered an apology to teachers who have had to pay for their substitutes while facing catastrophic illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sorry we don’t have a better system in place,” she said in a recent interview with KQED. “We couldn’t help you, but we’re going to try and fix it for future teachers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Leyva said that fix will likely have to wait until the next legislative session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re finding is that it’s a little more complicated than we thought it was,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leyva has also raised concerns with a rule in the education code that requires teachers to exhaust their extended sick leave days before they can receive donated sick days from their colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that teachers have to wait months before other teachers can donate time to them,” she said. “Teachers should be able to draw on that bank earlier rather than later. You know 100 days, five months … that’s a long time for people to have to wait and be out on leave and not have money to pay their bills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leyva said she was planning to explore the issue with the CTA before proposing reforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is receiving some national attention this week, with Bernie Sanders, Vermont senator and 2020 Democratic presidential candidate, weighing in via Facebook on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fberniesanders%2Fposts%2F2274464709275187&width=500\" width=\"800\" height=\"605\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allow=\"encrypted-media\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Surprisingly Small Paycheck\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Any of those reforms would have helped Heather Burns, who was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2016 while teaching fifth grade at Sheridan Elementary School in San Francisco. She and her husband had just had a child and purchased a new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While receiving treatment on extended sick leave, Burns began receiving her paychecks, which she said came to less than half of her regular pay after the cost of the substitute had been deducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s absolutely outrageous and leaves you in a state of desperation when your cancer diagnosis already has taken your hope away,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747580\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747580\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Heather-Burns-In-Classroom-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Heather Burns at Martin Elementary School in South San Francisco, where she now teaches third grade. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Heather-Burns-In-Classroom-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Heather-Burns-In-Classroom-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Heather-Burns-In-Classroom-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Heather-Burns-In-Classroom-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Heather-Burns-In-Classroom.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heather Burns at Martin Elementary School in South San Francisco, where she now teaches third grade. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Burns worried she and her husband wouldn’t be able to make mortgage payments on their home, and had to ultimately rely on help from her parents. She said she was also never told there was a sick-leave bank of donated days from other teachers available, which she might have been able to draw from after using up her own extended leave at partial pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was never contacted,” she said. “I was never told. I know that my principal wasn’t either, because she would have definitely let me know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her significantly diminished paycheck added insult to injury, Burns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sick. I just had surgery. I’ve just gotten diagnosed with breast cancer. My world is falling apart and they just send me my paycheck,” she said. “And I literally had to figure out with my husband how we were gonna make things work, get my treatment over the summer and go back to work so I didn’t have to pay for a sub.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Burns’ doctor advised her not to return to work, she said she couldn’t afford to stay home. Still sick and exhausted from her radiation treatment, she reluctantly returned to her fifth-grade classroom at Sheridan Elementary School at the beginning of the following school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On her first day back, Burns said, her principal apologetically informed her that she would have 41 students in her class. At that point, she began looking to move to another district and is now teaching third grade in South San Francisco, where her classes are notably smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burns contacted KQED after reading the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11743992/should-california-teachers-who-get-seriously-ill-have-to-pay-for-their-own-subs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">account of the first San Francisco teacher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought, ‘Wow that was me,’ ” she said. “And I thought it was just crazy that someone else was going through this exact same experience. And I thought, ‘Why didn’t I say anything or do anything earlier?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burns thinks one reason why this law has gone unnoticed for so long is that when teachers like herself are dealing with catastrophic illness, they are too preoccupied to contest the issue with their district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your first priority is getting better, staying healthy and taking care of your loved ones,” she said. “I completely understand why teachers in this situation are up in arms while they’re in this situation. It’s inhumane to expect that they would be able to have any space to advocate for better and more fair policies while they’re going through what’s probably the worst time in their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, SFUSD said it was unaware of any employers, public or private, that pay employees their full salary while on extended sick leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to note that teachers, unlike most workers, are not required to pay into any disability insurance,” SFUSD spokeswoman Laura Dudnick said in an email. “All other civil service employees — including paraprofessionals — do pay into state disability, regardless of whether they ever use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dudnick added that the district “offers one of the most competitive benefits packages in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California does not mandate paid extended sick leave, and the cost to most employers would be prohibitive, said Jenn Protas, an employment lawyer with Hoge Fenton in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1976 education code provision was, at the time, likely considered a benefit to teachers, Protas added, by guaranteeing 100 days of extended sick leave at partial pay, while protecting their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers from across the state plan to march on Sacramento on May 22 to demand more funding for schools. CTA’s Heins said that kind of public support is what it will take to drive change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole thing around differential pay — it’s been around 50 years — and now as the awareness has come to the forefront, suddenly everybody’s like, ‘Oh my God, this is really horrible! How can this happen?’ ” Heins said. “I think that it’s about changing the narrative around funding for public education so that it’s not just business as usual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A San Francisco public school teacher who is fighting a serious illness will have the cost of her replacement — a substitute — deducted from her paycheck while she is out on extended sick leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Amanda Kahn Fried of San Francisco']‘That’s not the employee’s responsibility, that’s the employer’s responsibility.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A policy mandating the practice in the California Education Code was crafted by the Legislature and the governor in the early 1970s. Since then, districts and unions across the state have come up with sick-leave donation banks as a workaround to help teachers in dire situations — but even these arrangements force instructors to forgo some pay before they can accept sick days donated by their colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the cost of a long term substitute teacher is $203.16 per day. The average teacher in the district makes $82,024.37. So even veteran teachers who make more than that will get only about half their daily pay while out on extended leave after payment for a substitute is deducted from their salary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, which has a similar policy, the union filed a grievance this week against the district, arguing that it is failing to convert unused personal days to a teacher’s sick-leave accrual at the end of each year — a move that would further shortchange a teacher facing a serious illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when teachers are scrambling to find ways to afford living in the pricey Bay Area, the situation has infuriated some parents and staff at the San Francisco school in question, and they are mobilizing support for the infirm teacher, who asked not to be identified out of privacy concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just can’t believe how grossly unfair it is,” said parent Amanda Kahn Fried. “Can you imagine telling doctors they have to pay for their replacements? It just doesn’t make sense. That’s not the employee’s responsibility — that’s the employer’s responsibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law that calls for districts to deduct the cost of a substitute from teachers’ paychecks when they are out on extended leave has caught the attention of state Sen. Connie Leyva.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really does seem like we need to do something to rectify this problem,” said Leyva, D-Chino, who heads the Senate Education Committee. “Maybe what worked back then doesn’t work now, and maybe we need to reconsider that law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several teachers at the San Francisco school tried to donate their unused sick-leave days to their colleague, but learned she had never joined something called the catastrophic sick-bank pool, which teachers must join during specific eligibility periods to be able to receive additional sick days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Chuck King, negotiator with the California Teachers Association']‘It’s kind of a raw deal if you are dealing with a catastrophic illness and then on top of that you get a tiny paycheck.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the San Francisco and Oakland school districts, however, there are workarounds — complicated but viable — for teachers who are not eligible for the sick-bank donation: “Qualifying teachers” can donate their days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those donated days can’t be used until after the sick teacher exhausts her extended sick leave at partial pay — a period of 100 days. The United Federation of Educators, the union representing San Francisco teachers, said there may be a wellness grant the teacher can apply for, but that presumes she has the energy at this stage of her illness to advocate for herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leyva is questioning whether the state should leave it to school districts to bargain with teachers on this issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know that we ever negotiate enough to make sure that when people are out on sick leave they have what they need, but I’d never heard of this until I got here to the Senate,” she said of \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=44977\">the law.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was likely a compromise to limit the cost of a district’s liability,” said Chuck King, a negotiator with the California Teachers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King said if the state’s Education Code were changed to take the burden off teachers, the state would have to come up with money to fund it to avoid forcing already cash-strapped districts to pay both the teacher and her substitute over extended periods of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a raw deal if you are dealing with a catastrophic illness and then on top of that you get a tiny paycheck,” King added. “It’s always a big thing when it comes up because there is a lot of sympathy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='education' label='More California Education Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFUSD said it could not provide the number of teachers who took extended leave last year and had their paychecks reduced to account for the cost of replacement subs. The district said in a statement that classified employees pay into the state’s disability program, but certified teachers do not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both SFUSD and the Oakland Unified School District pointed to state code as the reason they deduct the cost of substitutes from the paycheck of teachers on extended leave. But it’s up to districts and individual unions to work out specific leave agreements, said Cynthia Butler, a spokeswoman for the state Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few large districts across the country prorate the paychecks of sick teachers to pay the cost of their substitutes. In Chicago, for example, teachers on leave due to serious long-term illnesses receive 100% of their pay for the first 30 days, 80% for the following month and 60% for the third month. That’s after they’ve used up all 10 sick days plus any accrued sick time. Fellow teachers can donate their sick days to a colleague for use at any time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the National Council on Teacher Quality, which keeps a limited database on teacher-leave policies nationwide, only 22 districts out of 148 — including New York City, the country’s largest — have policies in which the cost of a substitute is deducted from a sick teacher’s pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you know a teacher in this situation, please contact reporter Julia McEvoy at jmcevoy@kqed.org\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the San Francisco and Oakland school districts, however, there are workarounds — complicated but viable — for teachers who are not eligible for the sick-bank donation: “Qualifying teachers” can donate their days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those donated days can’t be used until after the sick teacher exhausts her extended sick leave at partial pay — a period of 100 days. The United Federation of Educators, the union representing San Francisco teachers, said there may be a wellness grant the teacher can apply for, but that presumes she has the energy at this stage of her illness to advocate for herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leyva is questioning whether the state should leave it to school districts to bargain with teachers on this issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know that we ever negotiate enough to make sure that when people are out on sick leave they have what they need, but I’d never heard of this until I got here to the Senate,” she said of \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=44977\">the law.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was likely a compromise to limit the cost of a district’s liability,” said Chuck King, a negotiator with the California Teachers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King said if the state’s Education Code were changed to take the burden off teachers, the state would have to come up with money to fund it to avoid forcing already cash-strapped districts to pay both the teacher and her substitute over extended periods of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a raw deal if you are dealing with a catastrophic illness and then on top of that you get a tiny paycheck,” King added. “It’s always a big thing when it comes up because there is a lot of sympathy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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