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Pre-colonization, large predators covered much of the continent, before European colonizers hunted, trapped and killed them to near extinction. The fragmented populations that survived are now being suffocated, in many areas, by an ever-growing web of roadways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Transportation estimates that 365 million animals are killed on U.S. roads every year, more than the total number of people in the country. 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"content": "\u003cp>The United States and China — the world’s top two greenhouse gas-emitting countries, which together account for about 40% of the world’s annual carbon output — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/11/1054648598/u-s-and-china-announce-surprise-climate-agreement-at-cop26-summit\">announced Wednesday they have agreed to cooperate on limiting emissions\u003c/a> to address the global climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement, announced at the United Nations climate change conference in Glasgow, Scotland, known as COP26, aims to accelerate emissions reductions toward the goals set in the 2015 Paris agreement, which include keeping the global temperature rise “well below” 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), with a target of 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the encouraging news, experts predict that \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/climate-commitments-not-on-track-to-meet-paris-agreement-goals-as-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published\">most countries are currently not on track to meet the commitments they agreed to in Paris\u003c/a>. In the U.S., the West Coast is already experiencing more frequent and severe weather, and rising seas are already \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973805/climate-solutions-in-east-palo-alto\">putting some Bay Area communities at risk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Southern California in September, Amtrak \u003ca href=\"https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2021/09/16/beach-erosion-suspends-all-metrolink-amtrak-service-between-oc-san-diego/\">suspended service on their Pacific Surfliner route\u003c/a> for a few weeks between Orange and San Diego counties for emergency repairs due to beach erosion. The scenic coastline route connects San Diego and other cities on its way to San Luis Obispo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/PacSurfliners/status/1438320674506821632\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beach erosion, the process in which \u003ca href=\"https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/coastal-flood-risk/coastal-erosion\">the sand and rocks that make up a coastline are carried away by rising seas and stronger waves\u003c/a>, presents an ongoing threat to the tracks of the Pacific Surfliner and the oceanfront homes, roads, piers and power plants in the vicinity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Behl, professor of geological sciences at Cal State Long Beach, points out that even in normal times, California’s coast can be a hazardous place to build things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The coastline is a super-dynamic place naturally,” he said. “It’s where everything comes together: the ocean, the atmosphere, the land, the rivers. It’s constantly changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895980\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 771px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895980 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Amtrak-Pacific-Sunsurfer-916x515-1.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial shot of a long, silver-and-blue train on tracks, with only a few yards of beach between it and ocean waves, with low, green hills on the immediate opposite side.\" width=\"771\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Amtrak-Pacific-Sunsurfer-916x515-1.jpg 771w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Amtrak-Pacific-Sunsurfer-916x515-1-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amtrak’s Pacific Surfliner train travels along the Southern California coast. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Amtrak)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He adds that climate change is supercharging these changes, making storms stronger, tides higher and the coastal erosion of beaches and cliffs worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riding the Pacific Surfliner provides a unique vantage point to this transformation. As the train crosses San Diego County into Orange County, the tracks come really close to the Pacific Ocean, making it clear how vulnerable the train and nearby homes are to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896117\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11896117 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1352379110-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"View inside the interior of a train car taken from the back, with rows of four seats and an aisle up the middle. The bright sun makes the interior mostly dark. A man with short hair, glasses, and a mask takes a photo with his phone out through the window, where a receding wave seems to come up almost to the train itself.\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A passenger takes a photo as an Amtrak train passes near the Pacific Ocean on Nov. 9, 2021, near Oceanside, California. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In nearby towns like San Clemente and Oceanside, seawalls have been built in front of many homes, and giant boulders have been placed between the ocean and the train tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Behl warns that “coastal armoring” actually makes erosion worse in the long term by starving beaches of new sources of sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It increases the energy on the beach, causes more erosion, drops the sand and makes less beach,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cycle can possibly reach a point where “there really is no beach left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1973805\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48686_EPA_image_selects_fullsize-3-qut.jpg\"]Looking ahead, Behl says Californians will likely face the expensive challenge of moving some homes and critical infrastructure, including parts of this train route, away from the coast. That’s called “planned retreat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behl also says we have to stop thinking about sea level rise as something that’s happening so slowly we just don’t have to worry about it yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beach erosion, cliff retreat is not a gradual process, it’s episodic,” he said. “So when someone says that’s long in the future, far in the future, it may be, or it may not be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí and NPR.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Rising seas are transforming California's coast, putting beachfront communities and public transportation systems in danger. Some methods to protect against rising seas may actually worsen coastal erosion.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The United States and China — the world’s top two greenhouse gas-emitting countries, which together account for about 40% of the world’s annual carbon output — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/11/1054648598/u-s-and-china-announce-surprise-climate-agreement-at-cop26-summit\">announced Wednesday they have agreed to cooperate on limiting emissions\u003c/a> to address the global climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement, announced at the United Nations climate change conference in Glasgow, Scotland, known as COP26, aims to accelerate emissions reductions toward the goals set in the 2015 Paris agreement, which include keeping the global temperature rise “well below” 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), with a target of 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the encouraging news, experts predict that \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/climate-commitments-not-on-track-to-meet-paris-agreement-goals-as-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published\">most countries are currently not on track to meet the commitments they agreed to in Paris\u003c/a>. In the U.S., the West Coast is already experiencing more frequent and severe weather, and rising seas are already \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973805/climate-solutions-in-east-palo-alto\">putting some Bay Area communities at risk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Southern California in September, Amtrak \u003ca href=\"https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2021/09/16/beach-erosion-suspends-all-metrolink-amtrak-service-between-oc-san-diego/\">suspended service on their Pacific Surfliner route\u003c/a> for a few weeks between Orange and San Diego counties for emergency repairs due to beach erosion. The scenic coastline route connects San Diego and other cities on its way to San Luis Obispo.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Beach erosion, the process in which \u003ca href=\"https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/coastal-flood-risk/coastal-erosion\">the sand and rocks that make up a coastline are carried away by rising seas and stronger waves\u003c/a>, presents an ongoing threat to the tracks of the Pacific Surfliner and the oceanfront homes, roads, piers and power plants in the vicinity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Behl, professor of geological sciences at Cal State Long Beach, points out that even in normal times, California’s coast can be a hazardous place to build things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The coastline is a super-dynamic place naturally,” he said. “It’s where everything comes together: the ocean, the atmosphere, the land, the rivers. It’s constantly changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895980\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 771px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895980 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Amtrak-Pacific-Sunsurfer-916x515-1.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial shot of a long, silver-and-blue train on tracks, with only a few yards of beach between it and ocean waves, with low, green hills on the immediate opposite side.\" width=\"771\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Amtrak-Pacific-Sunsurfer-916x515-1.jpg 771w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Amtrak-Pacific-Sunsurfer-916x515-1-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amtrak’s Pacific Surfliner train travels along the Southern California coast. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Amtrak)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He adds that climate change is supercharging these changes, making storms stronger, tides higher and the coastal erosion of beaches and cliffs worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riding the Pacific Surfliner provides a unique vantage point to this transformation. As the train crosses San Diego County into Orange County, the tracks come really close to the Pacific Ocean, making it clear how vulnerable the train and nearby homes are to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896117\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11896117 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1352379110-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"View inside the interior of a train car taken from the back, with rows of four seats and an aisle up the middle. The bright sun makes the interior mostly dark. A man with short hair, glasses, and a mask takes a photo with his phone out through the window, where a receding wave seems to come up almost to the train itself.\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A passenger takes a photo as an Amtrak train passes near the Pacific Ocean on Nov. 9, 2021, near Oceanside, California. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In nearby towns like San Clemente and Oceanside, seawalls have been built in front of many homes, and giant boulders have been placed between the ocean and the train tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Behl warns that “coastal armoring” actually makes erosion worse in the long term by starving beaches of new sources of sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It increases the energy on the beach, causes more erosion, drops the sand and makes less beach,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cycle can possibly reach a point where “there really is no beach left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Looking ahead, Behl says Californians will likely face the expensive challenge of moving some homes and critical infrastructure, including parts of this train route, away from the coast. That’s called “planned retreat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behl also says we have to stop thinking about sea level rise as something that’s happening so slowly we just don’t have to worry about it yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beach erosion, cliff retreat is not a gradual process, it’s episodic,” he said. “So when someone says that’s long in the future, far in the future, it may be, or it may not be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí and NPR.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California's Redistricting Commission Performs a Tricky Balancing Act in Redrawing State's Political Lines",
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"content": "\u003cp>A congressional map that splits Long Beach into two. The city of Fresno divided into three congressional districts. A state Assembly district in the Central Valley that could reduce the power of Latino voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are only a few of the potential flash points as California’s independent redistricting commission slogs through its third week of working on early drafts of new legislative and congressional districts for the 2022 election and beyond — and as it prepares to release its official preliminary maps today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11894003\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Bay_Area_by_Sentinel-2_2019-03-11_small_version-1020x720.jpeg\"]But redrawing lines in response to public comments, advocacy groups’ pleas and commissioners’ own concerns can require cascading changes elsewhere, or could even mean blowing up entire statewide maps. And the pressure is on because commissioners face a compressed timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their foremost duty is to ensure every district in the state — 52 for Congress, 80 for state Assembly and 40 for state Senate — has about the same number of people. That’s about 761,000 Californians in each congressional district, about 988,000 in state Senate districts and 494,000 in Assembly districts. That can get complicated fast while trying to meet other requirements, such as not diluting any ethnic group’s vote and keeping districts geographically compact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s even more complex this year because California is losing a congressional seat for the first time ever — and much of the tension centers on those maps. A series of marathon and at-times confusing meetings isn’t helping matters, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commissioners have been discussing rounds of regional “visualizations” — \u003ca href=\"https://www.wedrawthelinesca.org/11_7_9_21\">hypothetical scenarios based on their direction to the line-drawers\u003c/a> — while trying to incorporate some of the public input they’ve been receiving along the way, and in some cases going back to the drawing board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first round of visualizations, for example, two longtime Black members of Congress were put in the same district in Los Angeles. That was fixed in the second round, but had ripple effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel is reviewing \u003ca href=\"https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/ccrc/pages/10/attachments/original/1636074960/Agenda_-_Line_Drawing_Meetings_11.7-11.9.21_Final.pdf?1636074960\">the fourth set of these visualizations\u003c/a>, and worked late into Tuesday night. But there were apparently so many issues with \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mQLTaP34jpKCHNLrR1rIcLur0WAB3Tja/view\">the third set of congressional districts\u003c/a> — where the biggest changes from existing districts are expected — that after a closed session Sunday, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CATargetBook/status/1457470063573749761?s=20\">the commission removed them from its website\u003c/a> until Monday.\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size='large' align='right']Redrawing lines in response to public comments, advocacy groups’ pleas and commissioners’ own concerns can require cascading changes elsewhere.[/pullquote]\u003cbr>\n“Basically what we’re saying is, ‘The map is a hot mess.’ Is that correct?” Commissioner Sara Sadhwani said at Monday’s meeting, referring to congressional districts in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the commission still plans to release its \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WeDrawTheLines/status/1458227353285324804?s=20\">official preliminary maps on Wednesday\u003c/a>, ahead of a \u003ca href=\"https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/ccrc/pages/10/attachments/original/1635536062/Agenda_11.15.21_%28DRAFT_-1%29_%281%29.pdf?1635536062\">November 15 deadline\u003c/a>. After that, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wedrawthelinesca.org/meetings\">no changes can be made for two weeks as public comment meetings start November 17\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, there could still be significant changes between the preliminary maps and the final maps, which are due to the secretary of state’s office by a court-ordered deadline of December 27.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/WeDrawTheLines/status/1456381250441134089\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially given the condensed timeline, the preliminary maps won’t be perfect, said Fredy Ceja, communications director for the commission. The \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CATargetBook/status/1458206538867175425?s=20\">commission is already acknowledging\u003c/a> that some districts still need a lot of work and that it will be doing \u003ca href=\"https://www.wedrawthelinesca.org/meetings\">a lot of line-drawing next month\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Fredy Ceja, communications director, California Citizens Redistricting Commission\"]‘You get instances where there’s conflicting public opinion or comment, where members of a community say they want to either go northeast, south or west.’[/pullquote]“The commissioners have been very, very responsive to the community. So if the community has said, ‘Hey, we want to stay lumped together with this community,’ they try to make that a possibility,” he told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And of course, you get instances where there’s conflicting public opinion or comment, where members of a community say they want to either go northeast, south or west. They’re trying to weigh those conflicting opinions. But they’ve done it with a smile on their face nonetheless. I think they’re pretty excited to be at this juncture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others aren’t as thrilled — either by the potential districts or \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CATargetBook/status/1457580057010978822?s=20\">the convoluted deliberations so far\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Partisan jockeying\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite the mapping being done by an independent commission with a mix of Republicans, Democrats and independent members, the changes in districts still have ramifications for both parties — and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2021/09/california-congressional-districts-hidden-partisanship/\">hidden partisanship that continues to creep in\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11895368\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52162_IMG_3608-qut.jpg\"]And with control of Congress up for grabs, a lot of attention in California and across the country is focused on any built-in advantages for Democrats or Republicans in the new U.S. House districts heading into the 2022 election. That focus heightened after Republican wins in the Nov. 2 elections, including Glenn Youngkin flipping the Virginia governor seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Democratic Party chair \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/rustyhicks/status/1456335589779943438?s=20\">Rusty Hicks warned that Republicans could take the House\u003c/a> by flipping only \u003ca href=\"https://pressgallery.house.gov/member-data/party-breakdown\">five seats nationally\u003c/a>, which they could achieve through gerrymandering, and said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/rustyhicks/status/1457835888197529601?s=20\">some of the most competitive races are in the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Kevin McCarthy — a Bakersfield Republican who hopes to replace Rep. Nancy Pelosi of San Francisco as House speaker — \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article255545466.html\">claimed that any Democrat who won in 2020 by 16 percentage points or less would have to fight for their seat next year\u003c/a>. That would include six California House Democrats. But McCarthy, himself, could have a mostly new district, based on the latest draft maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_California\">Republicans hold 11 of California’s 53 U.S. House seats\u003c/a>. The second round of maps suggested nine seats with an advantage for Republicans, according to an analysis by California Target Book, a political data firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third set of lines showed nine districts where incumbents — some Republicans including Rep. Devin Nunes, as well as Democrats including Rep. Mike Levin — \u003ca href=\"https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ror/15day-recall-2021/congressional.pdf\">could face more competitive races, based on voter registration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11872220\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11872220\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS45480_028_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS45480_028_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS45480_028_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS45480_028_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS45480_028_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS45480_028_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A voter check-in tent at the Alameda County Registrar of Voters on Oct. 27, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Diluting voting power?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Of the many challenges that the census data delay caused, the Voting Rights Act data analysis may have been one of the most consequential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After population numbers, the second highest criteria is that the district lines must comply with the federal Voting Rights Act — specifically, ensuring that people of color have equal access to electing representatives of their choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the initial scenarios, observers quickly flagged that longtime Reps. Karen Bass and Maxine Waters — both prominent Black Democrats — ended up in the same Los Angeles district. While that potential conflict was lessened because Bass is already running for Los Angeles mayor, the draft map resulted in only one L.A. district with at least 30% African American voters and likely to elect a Black representative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That criticism was resolved in \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/myBlackCounts/status/1455699739651969027?s=20\">the second round of visualizations\u003c/a> released and debated last week, which included two LA districts with at least 30% Black voter registration. The latest maps keep those lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But James Woodson, policy director for the California Black Census and Redistricting Hub, said concerns remain about congressional districts that split Black communities throughout the Bay Area, particularly in Pittsburg and Antioch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important that Black communities are kept together in this area,” Woodson said, pointing to the lack of resources for lower-income residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woodson said the Hub also remains concerned about the “packing” of Black voters in Los Angeles into fewer Assembly districts and limiting their “political voice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After releasing draft maps for the Central Valley, the commission was inundated with calls from residents of both Kern and Fresno counties, who were strongly opposed to being grouped together in a congressional district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County residents spoke of concerns about competing water interests, as well as health equity, while residents from Fresno raised issues with the dilution of Latino votes by combining them with Kern County. But in the latest maps, they’re still together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno County residents also called in with their opposition to the city of Fresno being split into three different congressional districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Defining community\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the cascading effects of preserving two Los Angeles congressional districts with sizable Black populations was breaking up Long Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commissioners noted the community input they heard from a broad swath of people in Long Beach, including the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/eqca/status/1457461426159697920?s=20\">LGBTQ+\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://smallpdf.com/file#s=0c5a5a4e-768b-45d2-91b3-d69c04149535\">Latinx communities\u003c/a>, asking to unite the city in one congressional district. Now, Democrats Alan Lowenthal and Nanette Diaz Barragán represent parts of Long Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this week’s maps, Long Beach was split into two congressional districts. While commissioners acknowledged that wasn’t ideal, they said they wanted to be fair to other cities that were divided, including Irvine and other smaller cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If commissioners want to preserve the districts in Los Angeles and keep Long Beach together, however, they may need to cross county lines, something they initially tried to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any changes to Long Beach could have a domino effect on the Vietnamese community in Orange County, which, despite residents’ calls to be grouped together as a community of interest, is primarily in a congressional district that divides Westminster and Garden Grove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another flash point is San Diego, where commissioners on Monday tried to create more Voting Rights Act districts with at least 50% voting-age populations of people of color, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/story/2021-11-07/state-redistricting\">including one to preserve a Latino voting bloc in the southern part of the county\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='politics']This week’s discussions did yield wins for some groups. The commission was able to keep the Hmong community in Central California together. Across congressional and legislative maps, most Native American tribes also were kept together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the lines could change, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/eqca/status/1457401281274777601?s=20\">Equality California, the largest LGBTQ+ civil rights group, hailed the congressional districts in San Francisco\u003c/a> for keeping the community together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a good draft for reactions,” commission Chair Trena Turner said Monday night after completing the latest round of congressional maps. “We feel better about the reactions.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Citizens Redistricting Commission, California's independent redistricting commission, walks a fine line in balancing the interests and demands of multiple groups across the state as it drafts new legislative and congressional districts.",
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"title": "California's Redistricting Commission Performs a Tricky Balancing Act in Redrawing State's Political Lines | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A congressional map that splits Long Beach into two. The city of Fresno divided into three congressional districts. A state Assembly district in the Central Valley that could reduce the power of Latino voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are only a few of the potential flash points as California’s independent redistricting commission slogs through its third week of working on early drafts of new legislative and congressional districts for the 2022 election and beyond — and as it prepares to release its official preliminary maps today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But redrawing lines in response to public comments, advocacy groups’ pleas and commissioners’ own concerns can require cascading changes elsewhere, or could even mean blowing up entire statewide maps. And the pressure is on because commissioners face a compressed timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their foremost duty is to ensure every district in the state — 52 for Congress, 80 for state Assembly and 40 for state Senate — has about the same number of people. That’s about 761,000 Californians in each congressional district, about 988,000 in state Senate districts and 494,000 in Assembly districts. That can get complicated fast while trying to meet other requirements, such as not diluting any ethnic group’s vote and keeping districts geographically compact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s even more complex this year because California is losing a congressional seat for the first time ever — and much of the tension centers on those maps. A series of marathon and at-times confusing meetings isn’t helping matters, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commissioners have been discussing rounds of regional “visualizations” — \u003ca href=\"https://www.wedrawthelinesca.org/11_7_9_21\">hypothetical scenarios based on their direction to the line-drawers\u003c/a> — while trying to incorporate some of the public input they’ve been receiving along the way, and in some cases going back to the drawing board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first round of visualizations, for example, two longtime Black members of Congress were put in the same district in Los Angeles. That was fixed in the second round, but had ripple effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel is reviewing \u003ca href=\"https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/ccrc/pages/10/attachments/original/1636074960/Agenda_-_Line_Drawing_Meetings_11.7-11.9.21_Final.pdf?1636074960\">the fourth set of these visualizations\u003c/a>, and worked late into Tuesday night. But there were apparently so many issues with \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mQLTaP34jpKCHNLrR1rIcLur0WAB3Tja/view\">the third set of congressional districts\u003c/a> — where the biggest changes from existing districts are expected — that after a closed session Sunday, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CATargetBook/status/1457470063573749761?s=20\">the commission removed them from its website\u003c/a> until Monday.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n“Basically what we’re saying is, ‘The map is a hot mess.’ Is that correct?” Commissioner Sara Sadhwani said at Monday’s meeting, referring to congressional districts in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the commission still plans to release its \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WeDrawTheLines/status/1458227353285324804?s=20\">official preliminary maps on Wednesday\u003c/a>, ahead of a \u003ca href=\"https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/ccrc/pages/10/attachments/original/1635536062/Agenda_11.15.21_%28DRAFT_-1%29_%281%29.pdf?1635536062\">November 15 deadline\u003c/a>. After that, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wedrawthelinesca.org/meetings\">no changes can be made for two weeks as public comment meetings start November 17\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, there could still be significant changes between the preliminary maps and the final maps, which are due to the secretary of state’s office by a court-ordered deadline of December 27.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Especially given the condensed timeline, the preliminary maps won’t be perfect, said Fredy Ceja, communications director for the commission. The \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CATargetBook/status/1458206538867175425?s=20\">commission is already acknowledging\u003c/a> that some districts still need a lot of work and that it will be doing \u003ca href=\"https://www.wedrawthelinesca.org/meetings\">a lot of line-drawing next month\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘You get instances where there’s conflicting public opinion or comment, where members of a community say they want to either go northeast, south or west.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The commissioners have been very, very responsive to the community. So if the community has said, ‘Hey, we want to stay lumped together with this community,’ they try to make that a possibility,” he told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And of course, you get instances where there’s conflicting public opinion or comment, where members of a community say they want to either go northeast, south or west. They’re trying to weigh those conflicting opinions. But they’ve done it with a smile on their face nonetheless. I think they’re pretty excited to be at this juncture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others aren’t as thrilled — either by the potential districts or \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CATargetBook/status/1457580057010978822?s=20\">the convoluted deliberations so far\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Partisan jockeying\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite the mapping being done by an independent commission with a mix of Republicans, Democrats and independent members, the changes in districts still have ramifications for both parties — and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2021/09/california-congressional-districts-hidden-partisanship/\">hidden partisanship that continues to creep in\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>And with control of Congress up for grabs, a lot of attention in California and across the country is focused on any built-in advantages for Democrats or Republicans in the new U.S. House districts heading into the 2022 election. That focus heightened after Republican wins in the Nov. 2 elections, including Glenn Youngkin flipping the Virginia governor seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Democratic Party chair \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/rustyhicks/status/1456335589779943438?s=20\">Rusty Hicks warned that Republicans could take the House\u003c/a> by flipping only \u003ca href=\"https://pressgallery.house.gov/member-data/party-breakdown\">five seats nationally\u003c/a>, which they could achieve through gerrymandering, and said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/rustyhicks/status/1457835888197529601?s=20\">some of the most competitive races are in the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Kevin McCarthy — a Bakersfield Republican who hopes to replace Rep. Nancy Pelosi of San Francisco as House speaker — \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article255545466.html\">claimed that any Democrat who won in 2020 by 16 percentage points or less would have to fight for their seat next year\u003c/a>. That would include six California House Democrats. But McCarthy, himself, could have a mostly new district, based on the latest draft maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_California\">Republicans hold 11 of California’s 53 U.S. House seats\u003c/a>. The second round of maps suggested nine seats with an advantage for Republicans, according to an analysis by California Target Book, a political data firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third set of lines showed nine districts where incumbents — some Republicans including Rep. Devin Nunes, as well as Democrats including Rep. Mike Levin — \u003ca href=\"https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ror/15day-recall-2021/congressional.pdf\">could face more competitive races, based on voter registration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11872220\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11872220\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS45480_028_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS45480_028_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS45480_028_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS45480_028_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS45480_028_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS45480_028_KQED_Oakland_RegistrarofVoters_10272020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A voter check-in tent at the Alameda County Registrar of Voters on Oct. 27, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Diluting voting power?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Of the many challenges that the census data delay caused, the Voting Rights Act data analysis may have been one of the most consequential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After population numbers, the second highest criteria is that the district lines must comply with the federal Voting Rights Act — specifically, ensuring that people of color have equal access to electing representatives of their choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the initial scenarios, observers quickly flagged that longtime Reps. Karen Bass and Maxine Waters — both prominent Black Democrats — ended up in the same Los Angeles district. While that potential conflict was lessened because Bass is already running for Los Angeles mayor, the draft map resulted in only one L.A. district with at least 30% African American voters and likely to elect a Black representative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That criticism was resolved in \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/myBlackCounts/status/1455699739651969027?s=20\">the second round of visualizations\u003c/a> released and debated last week, which included two LA districts with at least 30% Black voter registration. The latest maps keep those lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But James Woodson, policy director for the California Black Census and Redistricting Hub, said concerns remain about congressional districts that split Black communities throughout the Bay Area, particularly in Pittsburg and Antioch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important that Black communities are kept together in this area,” Woodson said, pointing to the lack of resources for lower-income residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woodson said the Hub also remains concerned about the “packing” of Black voters in Los Angeles into fewer Assembly districts and limiting their “political voice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After releasing draft maps for the Central Valley, the commission was inundated with calls from residents of both Kern and Fresno counties, who were strongly opposed to being grouped together in a congressional district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County residents spoke of concerns about competing water interests, as well as health equity, while residents from Fresno raised issues with the dilution of Latino votes by combining them with Kern County. But in the latest maps, they’re still together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno County residents also called in with their opposition to the city of Fresno being split into three different congressional districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Defining community\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the cascading effects of preserving two Los Angeles congressional districts with sizable Black populations was breaking up Long Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commissioners noted the community input they heard from a broad swath of people in Long Beach, including the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/eqca/status/1457461426159697920?s=20\">LGBTQ+\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://smallpdf.com/file#s=0c5a5a4e-768b-45d2-91b3-d69c04149535\">Latinx communities\u003c/a>, asking to unite the city in one congressional district. Now, Democrats Alan Lowenthal and Nanette Diaz Barragán represent parts of Long Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this week’s maps, Long Beach was split into two congressional districts. While commissioners acknowledged that wasn’t ideal, they said they wanted to be fair to other cities that were divided, including Irvine and other smaller cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If commissioners want to preserve the districts in Los Angeles and keep Long Beach together, however, they may need to cross county lines, something they initially tried to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any changes to Long Beach could have a domino effect on the Vietnamese community in Orange County, which, despite residents’ calls to be grouped together as a community of interest, is primarily in a congressional district that divides Westminster and Garden Grove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another flash point is San Diego, where commissioners on Monday tried to create more Voting Rights Act districts with at least 50% voting-age populations of people of color, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/story/2021-11-07/state-redistricting\">including one to preserve a Latino voting bloc in the southern part of the county\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This week’s discussions did yield wins for some groups. The commission was able to keep the Hmong community in Central California together. Across congressional and legislative maps, most Native American tribes also were kept together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the lines could change, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/eqca/status/1457401281274777601?s=20\">Equality California, the largest LGBTQ+ civil rights group, hailed the congressional districts in San Francisco\u003c/a> for keeping the community together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a good draft for reactions,” commission Chair Trena Turner said Monday night after completing the latest round of congressional maps. “We feel better about the reactions.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Congress last week passed a massive \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/05/1050012853/the-house-has-passed-the-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan-sending-it-to-bidens-des\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bipartisan infrastructure bill\u003c/a>, a much-needed political win for President Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The package calls for more than $550 billion in new spending over five years, with a sizable chunk earmarked for California infrastructure projects, including work on roads, bridges, transit systems, cyberattack prevention and increased access to high-speed internet service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill will fund projects across the Bay Area, including $24 million toward restoring the region’s wetlands, said Democratic Rep. Jackie Speier, who represents parts of San Francisco and San Mateo counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve lost almost 90% of the wetlands in the San Francisco Bay Estuary over the last 100 years. This is going to be an effort to help us restore much of those wetlands and allow us to continue to enjoy the Bay,” Speier told KQED on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House passed the measure 228-206 late Friday night, largely along party lines, prompting prolonged cheers from the relieved Democratic side of the chamber. Just 13 mostly moderate Republicans supported the legislation. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/senate-vote-massive-infrastructure-package-centerpiece-biden-agenda-n1276134\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Senate had approved a version of the bill\u003c/a> in August, but it then was held up for months as House progressives clashed with Democratic centrists over funding priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The package is financed through a combination of funds, including repurposing unspent emergency relief money from the COVID-19 pandemic and strengthening tax enforcement for cryptocurrencies. While negotiators said that the cost of the plan would be offset entirely, the Congressional Budget Office predicted \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/05/politics/bipartisan-infrastructure-plan-senate-cbo-score/index.html\">it would add about $256 billion to projected deficits over 10 years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"infrastructure\"]The infrastructure package, which Biden called a “blue-collar blueprint to rebuilding America,” is a historic investment by any measure, the breadth of which he compared to the building of the interstate highway system over the last century, or the transcontinental railroad the century before that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet despite the win, Democrats were dealt a major setback when they were forced to postpone a vote on a second, even larger bill until later this month. That 10-year, $1.85 trillion measure, bolstering health, family and climate change programs — which Biden refers to as “human infrastructure” — was sidetracked after Democratic moderates demanded a cost estimate on the measure from the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office. The postponement dashed hopes that the day would produce a double-barreled win for Biden with passage of both bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notwithstanding those setbacks, California officials are still hailing the historic investment in local transit and highways.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Modernizing California’s infrastructure\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/11/06/governor-newsom-statement-on-passage-of-1-2-trillion-infrastructure-investment-and-jobs-act-by-congress/\">Gov. Gavin Newsom issued a statement Saturday lauding the House’s passage of the bill\u003c/a>, saying it will help create quality jobs for Californians and support the modernization of state infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The infrastructure package passed by Congress builds on California’s unprecedented investments to maintain and modernize the state,” he said. “This historic infrastructure package stands to accelerate investments in our clean transportation infrastructure, help mitigate some of the worst impacts of climate change and accelerate new projects that will create thousands of jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area’s Metropolitan Transportation Commission Chair Alfredo Pedroza, who is also a Napa County supervisor, said the infrastructure package will help fund long-term regional plans to revamp transportation and housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only will the big increase in transit capital funding help modernize our existing transit network to serve a new generation of customers but expansion of the discretionary grant programs will allow the Bay Area to compete for money that can move big new projects from the plan to reality,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the governor’s office, California expects to receive:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Federal-aid highway apportioned programs: $25.3 billion, with $4.2 billion for bridge replacement and repairs.\u003c/strong> California has 1,536 bridges and more than 14,000 miles of highway in poor condition, according to the governor’s office. California commute times have increased by 14.6% in the state, with drivers paying nearly $800 a month due to driving on roads needing repair. The governor’s office said this investment will be the “single-largest dedicated bridge investment” in California since the construction of the interstate highway system. Exactly which bridges would net that funding is still an open question: The MTC said they would “compete for funds” in the multibillion-dollar set-aside.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Improved public transportation: $9.45 billion.\u003c/strong> That may aid many people of color across the state: Non-white households are 1.6 times more likely to commute via public transit in California, according to the governor’s office. And in California, 16% of transit vehicles are past their useful lives, but still in use. Still, the amount may not make a dent in overall transit needs in the Bay Area — Muni’s parent agency, the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports-and-documents/2021/07/7-20-21_mtab_item_17_state_of_good_repair_-_report.pdf\">has more than $3 billion worth of needs identified for a five-year period through 2023\u003c/a>, and more than $30 billion in infrastructure needs over the next 20 years. The Bay Area is host to 27 transit agencies.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Expansion of an EV charging network: $384 million, and the opportunity to apply for the $2.5 billion in grant funding dedicated to EV charging.\u003c/strong> The investment is part of Biden’s effort to boost plug-in electric vehicle sales by building out a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/CALIFORNIA_The-Infrastructure-Investment-and-Jobs-Act-State-Fact-Sheet.pdf\">“first-ever national network of EV chargers” in the U.S.\u003c/a>, according to a statement from the White House.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Broadband coverage across the state: $100 million. \u003c/strong>About 545,000 Californians don’t have access to broadband internet, and under the new infrastructure bill, some 10 million Californians in lower-income households will be eligible for a benefit to afford internet access. In July, California lawmakers passed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/07/20/governor-newsom-signs-historic-broadband-legislation-to-help-bridge-digital-divide/\">$6 billion investment to expand broadband coverage\u003c/a>, including building out new high-speed fiber lines, connecting rural homes to internet access, and creating a new broadband lead position in the state’s Department of Technology.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Protection against wildfires: $84 million.\u003c/strong> Californians are no strangers to wildfire’s devastating impacts, which have displaced residents from Paradise to Tahoe and beyond, costing the state an estimated $50 billion to $100 billion in damages, according to the White House. Newsom’s investment strategy also includes $2 billion toward the purchase of new firefighting equipment like air tankers and helicopters, as well as supporting forest and wildfire resilience strategies across the state. Still, Newsom’s recent budgets have pledged hundreds of millions less toward wildfire prevention than what he had initially proposed. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11879034/newsom-misled-the-public-about-wildfire-prevention-efforts-ahead-of-worst-fire-season-on-record\">NPR’s California Newsroom recently published an investigation\u003c/a> — led by CapRadio — reporting that the governor has overstated, by 690%, the number of acres treated with fuel breaks and prescribed burns in projects he said needed to be prioritized.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Improvements to water infrastructure and clean drinking water: $3.5 billion. \u003c/strong>That investment includes funding toward water recycling and ecosystem restoration in California (like the Bay Area’s wetlands), according to the MTC.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Infrastructure development for airports: $1.5 billion.\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from Bay City News, The Associated Press, NPR’s Barbara Sprunt and KQED’s Cesar Saldaña, Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez and Lakshmi Sarah. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Congress last week passed a massive \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/05/1050012853/the-house-has-passed-the-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan-sending-it-to-bidens-des\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bipartisan infrastructure bill\u003c/a>, a much-needed political win for President Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The package calls for more than $550 billion in new spending over five years, with a sizable chunk earmarked for California infrastructure projects, including work on roads, bridges, transit systems, cyberattack prevention and increased access to high-speed internet service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill will fund projects across the Bay Area, including $24 million toward restoring the region’s wetlands, said Democratic Rep. Jackie Speier, who represents parts of San Francisco and San Mateo counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve lost almost 90% of the wetlands in the San Francisco Bay Estuary over the last 100 years. This is going to be an effort to help us restore much of those wetlands and allow us to continue to enjoy the Bay,” Speier told KQED on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House passed the measure 228-206 late Friday night, largely along party lines, prompting prolonged cheers from the relieved Democratic side of the chamber. Just 13 mostly moderate Republicans supported the legislation. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/senate-vote-massive-infrastructure-package-centerpiece-biden-agenda-n1276134\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Senate had approved a version of the bill\u003c/a> in August, but it then was held up for months as House progressives clashed with Democratic centrists over funding priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The package is financed through a combination of funds, including repurposing unspent emergency relief money from the COVID-19 pandemic and strengthening tax enforcement for cryptocurrencies. While negotiators said that the cost of the plan would be offset entirely, the Congressional Budget Office predicted \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/05/politics/bipartisan-infrastructure-plan-senate-cbo-score/index.html\">it would add about $256 billion to projected deficits over 10 years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The infrastructure package, which Biden called a “blue-collar blueprint to rebuilding America,” is a historic investment by any measure, the breadth of which he compared to the building of the interstate highway system over the last century, or the transcontinental railroad the century before that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet despite the win, Democrats were dealt a major setback when they were forced to postpone a vote on a second, even larger bill until later this month. That 10-year, $1.85 trillion measure, bolstering health, family and climate change programs — which Biden refers to as “human infrastructure” — was sidetracked after Democratic moderates demanded a cost estimate on the measure from the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office. The postponement dashed hopes that the day would produce a double-barreled win for Biden with passage of both bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notwithstanding those setbacks, California officials are still hailing the historic investment in local transit and highways.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Modernizing California’s infrastructure\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/11/06/governor-newsom-statement-on-passage-of-1-2-trillion-infrastructure-investment-and-jobs-act-by-congress/\">Gov. Gavin Newsom issued a statement Saturday lauding the House’s passage of the bill\u003c/a>, saying it will help create quality jobs for Californians and support the modernization of state infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The infrastructure package passed by Congress builds on California’s unprecedented investments to maintain and modernize the state,” he said. “This historic infrastructure package stands to accelerate investments in our clean transportation infrastructure, help mitigate some of the worst impacts of climate change and accelerate new projects that will create thousands of jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area’s Metropolitan Transportation Commission Chair Alfredo Pedroza, who is also a Napa County supervisor, said the infrastructure package will help fund long-term regional plans to revamp transportation and housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only will the big increase in transit capital funding help modernize our existing transit network to serve a new generation of customers but expansion of the discretionary grant programs will allow the Bay Area to compete for money that can move big new projects from the plan to reality,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the governor’s office, California expects to receive:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Federal-aid highway apportioned programs: $25.3 billion, with $4.2 billion for bridge replacement and repairs.\u003c/strong> California has 1,536 bridges and more than 14,000 miles of highway in poor condition, according to the governor’s office. California commute times have increased by 14.6% in the state, with drivers paying nearly $800 a month due to driving on roads needing repair. The governor’s office said this investment will be the “single-largest dedicated bridge investment” in California since the construction of the interstate highway system. Exactly which bridges would net that funding is still an open question: The MTC said they would “compete for funds” in the multibillion-dollar set-aside.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Improved public transportation: $9.45 billion.\u003c/strong> That may aid many people of color across the state: Non-white households are 1.6 times more likely to commute via public transit in California, according to the governor’s office. And in California, 16% of transit vehicles are past their useful lives, but still in use. Still, the amount may not make a dent in overall transit needs in the Bay Area — Muni’s parent agency, the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports-and-documents/2021/07/7-20-21_mtab_item_17_state_of_good_repair_-_report.pdf\">has more than $3 billion worth of needs identified for a five-year period through 2023\u003c/a>, and more than $30 billion in infrastructure needs over the next 20 years. The Bay Area is host to 27 transit agencies.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Expansion of an EV charging network: $384 million, and the opportunity to apply for the $2.5 billion in grant funding dedicated to EV charging.\u003c/strong> The investment is part of Biden’s effort to boost plug-in electric vehicle sales by building out a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/CALIFORNIA_The-Infrastructure-Investment-and-Jobs-Act-State-Fact-Sheet.pdf\">“first-ever national network of EV chargers” in the U.S.\u003c/a>, according to a statement from the White House.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Broadband coverage across the state: $100 million. \u003c/strong>About 545,000 Californians don’t have access to broadband internet, and under the new infrastructure bill, some 10 million Californians in lower-income households will be eligible for a benefit to afford internet access. In July, California lawmakers passed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/07/20/governor-newsom-signs-historic-broadband-legislation-to-help-bridge-digital-divide/\">$6 billion investment to expand broadband coverage\u003c/a>, including building out new high-speed fiber lines, connecting rural homes to internet access, and creating a new broadband lead position in the state’s Department of Technology.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Protection against wildfires: $84 million.\u003c/strong> Californians are no strangers to wildfire’s devastating impacts, which have displaced residents from Paradise to Tahoe and beyond, costing the state an estimated $50 billion to $100 billion in damages, according to the White House. Newsom’s investment strategy also includes $2 billion toward the purchase of new firefighting equipment like air tankers and helicopters, as well as supporting forest and wildfire resilience strategies across the state. Still, Newsom’s recent budgets have pledged hundreds of millions less toward wildfire prevention than what he had initially proposed. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11879034/newsom-misled-the-public-about-wildfire-prevention-efforts-ahead-of-worst-fire-season-on-record\">NPR’s California Newsroom recently published an investigation\u003c/a> — led by CapRadio — reporting that the governor has overstated, by 690%, the number of acres treated with fuel breaks and prescribed burns in projects he said needed to be prioritized.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Improvements to water infrastructure and clean drinking water: $3.5 billion. \u003c/strong>That investment includes funding toward water recycling and ecosystem restoration in California (like the Bay Area’s wetlands), according to the MTC.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Infrastructure development for airports: $1.5 billion.\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from Bay City News, The Associated Press, NPR’s Barbara Sprunt and KQED’s Cesar Saldaña, Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez and Lakshmi Sarah. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Over 100 people took to the streets of Berkeley on Saturday morning in solidarity with a global day of action for climate justice. Youth organizers coordinated the event, aligning their demands with a collective of grassroots community campaigns, racial justice networks and global groups focused on climate justice and ecological equity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re here rallying today to show that we have the power … and we’re paying attention,” said Zoe Jonick, a youth activist and organizer with \u003ca href=\"https://350bayarea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">350 Bay Area\u003c/a>. “We’re going to make sure that those in charge are making decisions that will actually do something.” [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Lauren Sanchez, senior climate adviser to Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]‘For Californians who look outside their window during fire season, we’re not doing enough and there’s so much more the state and communities and global leaders need to be doing.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things at COP are not as inclusive as they should be,” Jonick added, referring to the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference. “There’s a lot of exclusion of places in the Global South that don’t have the resources or the vaccines to attend.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.sei.org/perspectives/vaccine-apartheid-threatens-equity-climate-negotiations/\">Global organizations have cited “vaccine apartheid” as a threat to the equity of climate negotiations\u003c/a>, and in September over \u003ca href=\"https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/09/07/citing-vaccine-apartheid-1500-global-groups-urge-delay-un-climate-summit\">1,500 global groups urged for a delay of the summit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s voices that aren’t being heard, that aren’t coming to the table,” said Jonick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marches took place in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/06/1053218525/cop26-glasgow-global-climate-action-protests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Glasgow, Scotland, where COP26 is now happening, and around the world\u003c/a>. Demonstrators outlined a list of demands in solidarity with \u003ca href=\"https://cop26coalition.org/about/the-coalition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COP26 Coalition\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gcclp.org/\">Gulf Coast Center for Law and Policy\u003c/a>, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pPXZMXdw3X-Aa_kUyHyD4uGvRpyhdqXA_9RBJPynBW0/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">toolkit\u003c/a> shared in advance of the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pPXZMXdw3X-Aa_kUyHyD4uGvRpyhdqXA_9RBJPynBW0/edit#\">Berkeley march laid out a more specific set of local demands\u003c/a>, including closing the Richmond Chevron refinery; calling on CalSTRS, the second largest pension fund in the U.S. to divest from fossil fuels; ending development at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704679/there-were-once-more-than-425-shellmounds-in-the-bay-area-where-did-they-go\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Berkeley shellmound\u003c/a> and returning the area to “the care and vision of the Confederated Villages of Lisjan”; and investing in communities disproportionately affected by climate change and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re already starting to see some of the really bigger effects of climate change,” said Aniya Butler, a 15-year-old Oakland activist with \u003ca href=\"https://www.youthvsapocalypse.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Youth Vs. Apocalypse\u003c/a> who came out to help others get involved. [aside postID=\"news_11894453\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Karly Hampshire, a medical student at UCSF who attended the march, the climate is directly related to health. “Climate solutions are health solutions, and the health of every person alive today on the planet will be fundamentally affected by climate change,” she said. “Health institutions need to join together and start taking climate change seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the state level, Lauren Sanchez, Gov. Newsom’s senior climate adviser, also sees climate as a multilayered issue. “Truly tackling this crisis means integrating this issue into everything we do: the governor’s entire agenda on health care, on immigration, on education, and so much more,” she said. “We know that climate justice can deliver social and economic justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez told KQED on Wednesday through a recorded message from Glasgow that her top agenda item is “to save the planet from our certain doom.” Sanchez said the state of California brings two important messages to the global stage and world leaders in Scotland: “One is around hope and the other around the urgency of this crisis,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she said she’s been to many of these conferences, this one “feels different,” because of the sense of urgency. Her top concern when it comes to climate change is “the disproportionate impacts that we know this crisis has on low-income Californians and our communities of color that are already suffering from too many environmental and social burdens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking alongside Sanchez from Glasgow, Jared Blumenfeld, the secretary of California’s Environmental Protection Agency echoed the importance of taking action quickly.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size=\"medium\" citation=\"Wade Crowfoot, California's natural resources secretary\"]‘This is an all-hands-on-deck response to a five-alarm fire, and that’s the level of urgency that we’re bringing from California to Scotland.’[/pullquote] \u003c/span>“We’re kind of running out of time,” he said. The governor and the whole state are balancing the immediate emergency response to wildfires and heat waves alongside tackling the root causes of climate change, “and we need to do it really, really quickly,” he said. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/2021/08/09/ar6-wg1-20210809-pr/\">Many of the changes to the climate are unprecedented\u003c/a>, and some changes — like sea-level rise — are irreversible in our lifetime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wade Crowfoot, California’s natural resources secretary, who spoke with KQED just before leaving for Scotland, put it in slightly starker terms: “This is an all-hands-on-deck response to a five-alarm fire, and that’s the level of urgency that we’re bringing from California to Scotland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to maintain hope and we maintain hope through taking action,” he said. From his perspective, he sees that the only option is to understand the threat, and take the level of action that is needed.[aside tag=\"climate-change, cop-26\" label=\"More Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blumenfeld also noted the importance of action at both the local and state levels, referencing what seems to be a glimmer of hope, should the pledges swiftly be converted into policy: “If the promises made actually can be turned into action, we can turn this crisis around,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the promises to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59088498\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">end deforestation\u003c/a>, “for Californians who look outside their window during fire season,” Sanchez said, “we’re not doing enough and there’s so much more the state and communities and global leaders need to be doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Blumenfeld, it’s all about accountability. “These leaders go home, and you never hear about what happens next,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he said, California is unique because \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/climate-action/#icat\">the state is tracking each of the goals\u003c/a>, which allows the public to see what’s happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many other states and countries, “there’s a lot of speeches … but really, what we need is action,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman and Monica Lam contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things at COP are not as inclusive as they should be,” Jonick added, referring to the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference. “There’s a lot of exclusion of places in the Global South that don’t have the resources or the vaccines to attend.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.sei.org/perspectives/vaccine-apartheid-threatens-equity-climate-negotiations/\">Global organizations have cited “vaccine apartheid” as a threat to the equity of climate negotiations\u003c/a>, and in September over \u003ca href=\"https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/09/07/citing-vaccine-apartheid-1500-global-groups-urge-delay-un-climate-summit\">1,500 global groups urged for a delay of the summit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s voices that aren’t being heard, that aren’t coming to the table,” said Jonick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marches took place in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/06/1053218525/cop26-glasgow-global-climate-action-protests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Glasgow, Scotland, where COP26 is now happening, and around the world\u003c/a>. Demonstrators outlined a list of demands in solidarity with \u003ca href=\"https://cop26coalition.org/about/the-coalition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COP26 Coalition\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gcclp.org/\">Gulf Coast Center for Law and Policy\u003c/a>, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pPXZMXdw3X-Aa_kUyHyD4uGvRpyhdqXA_9RBJPynBW0/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">toolkit\u003c/a> shared in advance of the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pPXZMXdw3X-Aa_kUyHyD4uGvRpyhdqXA_9RBJPynBW0/edit#\">Berkeley march laid out a more specific set of local demands\u003c/a>, including closing the Richmond Chevron refinery; calling on CalSTRS, the second largest pension fund in the U.S. to divest from fossil fuels; ending development at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704679/there-were-once-more-than-425-shellmounds-in-the-bay-area-where-did-they-go\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Berkeley shellmound\u003c/a> and returning the area to “the care and vision of the Confederated Villages of Lisjan”; and investing in communities disproportionately affected by climate change and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re already starting to see some of the really bigger effects of climate change,” said Aniya Butler, a 15-year-old Oakland activist with \u003ca href=\"https://www.youthvsapocalypse.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Youth Vs. Apocalypse\u003c/a> who came out to help others get involved. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Karly Hampshire, a medical student at UCSF who attended the march, the climate is directly related to health. “Climate solutions are health solutions, and the health of every person alive today on the planet will be fundamentally affected by climate change,” she said. “Health institutions need to join together and start taking climate change seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the state level, Lauren Sanchez, Gov. Newsom’s senior climate adviser, also sees climate as a multilayered issue. “Truly tackling this crisis means integrating this issue into everything we do: the governor’s entire agenda on health care, on immigration, on education, and so much more,” she said. “We know that climate justice can deliver social and economic justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez told KQED on Wednesday through a recorded message from Glasgow that her top agenda item is “to save the planet from our certain doom.” Sanchez said the state of California brings two important messages to the global stage and world leaders in Scotland: “One is around hope and the other around the urgency of this crisis,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she said she’s been to many of these conferences, this one “feels different,” because of the sense of urgency. Her top concern when it comes to climate change is “the disproportionate impacts that we know this crisis has on low-income Californians and our communities of color that are already suffering from too many environmental and social burdens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking alongside Sanchez from Glasgow, Jared Blumenfeld, the secretary of California’s Environmental Protection Agency echoed the importance of taking action quickly.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/span>“We’re kind of running out of time,” he said. The governor and the whole state are balancing the immediate emergency response to wildfires and heat waves alongside tackling the root causes of climate change, “and we need to do it really, really quickly,” he said. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/2021/08/09/ar6-wg1-20210809-pr/\">Many of the changes to the climate are unprecedented\u003c/a>, and some changes — like sea-level rise — are irreversible in our lifetime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wade Crowfoot, California’s natural resources secretary, who spoke with KQED just before leaving for Scotland, put it in slightly starker terms: “This is an all-hands-on-deck response to a five-alarm fire, and that’s the level of urgency that we’re bringing from California to Scotland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to maintain hope and we maintain hope through taking action,” he said. From his perspective, he sees that the only option is to understand the threat, and take the level of action that is needed.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blumenfeld also noted the importance of action at both the local and state levels, referencing what seems to be a glimmer of hope, should the pledges swiftly be converted into policy: “If the promises made actually can be turned into action, we can turn this crisis around,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the promises to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59088498\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">end deforestation\u003c/a>, “for Californians who look outside their window during fire season,” Sanchez said, “we’re not doing enough and there’s so much more the state and communities and global leaders need to be doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Blumenfeld, it’s all about accountability. “These leaders go home, and you never hear about what happens next,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he said, California is unique because \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/climate-action/#icat\">the state is tracking each of the goals\u003c/a>, which allows the public to see what’s happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many other states and countries, “there’s a lot of speeches … but really, what we need is action,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman and Monica Lam contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Chinese Immigrants Were Forced Out of Eureka in 1885 — Here's How Locals Are Making That History Known",
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"content": "\u003cp>Chinese immigrants have played a pivotal role in shaping California throughout its history. During the mid-1860s, they built infrastructure like railroads and boosted economies with their businesses. Their efforts led to flourishing Chinatowns in cities like San Francisco and San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by 1882, anti-Chinese sentiment and policy \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11877801/san-jose-had-5-chinatowns-why-did-they-vanish\">forced many out of the communities\u003c/a> they helped build. In Humboldt County, nearly all Chinese residents of Eureka were expelled in 1885.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, in Eureka, a small California port town just south of the Oregon border, local Chinese Americans and their allies are fighting to bring a more complete local history to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There used to be a Chinatown here,” said Brieanne Mirjah D’Souza, the coordinator for the\u003ca href=\"https://hapihumboldt.org/Eureka-Chinatown-Project\"> Eureka Chinatown Project\u003c/a>. “Not only a Chinatown, but a thriving, vibrant Chinatown, and it’s no longer here. We don’t even talk about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>D’Souza, who is Chinese American and West Indian, has been organizing to memorialize the city’s Chinatown. The historic block, which is bounded by F and E Streets, was home to hundreds of immigrants who came to work in Northern California before they were forced out by a mob of white settlers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892110\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892110\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of a Chinese vendor carrying his goods is displayed inside the Clarke Historical Museum. \u003ccite>(Photo by Héctor Alejandro Arzate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We just wanted to put up a plaque saying Chinatown was here,” D’Souza said. “We were here, and we helped build modern-day Humboldt County and Eureka as we know it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With support from the city and the local\u003ca href=\"http://www.clarkemuseum.org/\"> Clarke Historical Museum\u003c/a> the effort has grown way beyond a simple plaque, D’Souza said. In late August, the city unveiled a large mural, titled “Fowl,” to pay homage to its former Chinese residents. The work was painted by Oakland artist Dave Kim and features a large mandarin duck, the silhouette of the former Chinatown, and a portrait of Ben Chin, a Chinese American Army veteran who opened Eureka’s Canton Cafe in 1954.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Eureka plan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On February 6, 1885, Eureka Councilmember David Kendall was walking near Chinatown when he was shot and killed in the crossfire of a shootout. Soon after, a crowd of about 300 mostly white people gathered at the city’s Centennial Hall. According to Katie Buesch, the director of the Clarke Historical Museum, the crowd grew angry and blamed Chinese “gangsters” for Kendall’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a precedent around the West to do things like burn down Chinatowns with the residents inside, running people out of town, boycotting Chinese businesses or employers who employed Chinese workers,” Buesch said. “Eureka went a different route.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892118\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892118\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buesch reviews a modified Sanborn map from May 1886. The Sanborn Map Company made detailed maps of cities to determine risks for insuring businesses against fire. \u003ccite>(Photo by Héctor Alejandro Arzate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A local white businessman who owned most of the block pleaded with the mob to spare his buildings. Instead, the crowd formed a committee of fifteen local leaders, which ordered all Chinese residents to leave Eureka within 48 hours. They arranged for ships to take the entire community down to the port of San Francisco and threatened anybody who stayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Buesch, the mob set up gallows nearby with signs that threatened to hang all who remained. She said they also hung effigies made to look like Chinese people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s called the ‘Eureka Plan,’ and it was replicated in many parts of Humboldt County and also in other areas around the West,” Buesch said. “It was touted as really successful, this ‘nonviolent’ way of removing people from places where they’ve lived for decades or many years, in some cases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892103\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892103\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-1536x1038.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-2048x1384.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-1920x1298.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A black and white photo of Eureka’s Chinatown after its residents were forced out in 1885. \u003ccite>(Photo provided by the Clarke Historical Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anti-Chinese expulsions and riots are well documented throughout the West, but Buesch said many of the details in Eureka have long been one-sided as a result of local newspapers celebrating the event for its nonviolence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a much deeper story and one that’s plagued with lots of issues around finding historical documents that really tell you the full accurate story,” Buesch said. “But how can it be nonviolent if you’re forcibly removing people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Wing Hing v. Eureka\u003c/em>, and the legacy of Charlie Moon\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892143\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 767px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11892143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/WingHingpage1-e1634160892536.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"767\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/WingHingpage1-e1634160892536.png 767w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/WingHingpage1-e1634160892536-160x267.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first page of Wing Hing v. The City of Eureka. The court case was brought on by 53 Chinese residents who were expelled from Eureka. \u003ccite>(Special Collections Digitized Publications at Humboldt State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of the displaced Chinese residents were business owners who were forced to leave their property and savings behind, according to some historical documents. Rather than resign themselves to the financial loss, 53 residents filed a lawsuit for reparations — \u003ca href=\"https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/archivepub/11/\">Wing Hing v. Eureka\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the first lawsuit for reparations filed by Chinese residents against a city, and it was a very big deal that it happened at all,” Buesch said. “The Chinese were found to not own any property because they weren’t legal citizens of the United States. So the case was thrown out against the city and the reparations were not made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the lawsuit was unsuccessful, Buesch said the resistance made by Chinese immigrants throughout Humboldt County is a crucial part of history that’s often left out. Meanwhile, D’Souza said other individuals who stood their ground should be celebrated, including one man named Charlie Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He represents the Chinese people that stayed behind, that resisted and fought back in some way,” said D’Souza. “And that’s so important because this isn’t a victim story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many immigrants who moved to Humboldt County, Moon found work in manual labor during the late 1800s, earning his keep as a ranch hand for a man named Tom Bair nearby in Redwood Creek. But soon after the expulsion, some men got word that Moon was still in Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Buesch, the men showed up to the ranch carrying weapons and demanded that Bair give Moon up. Bair stood up for Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The story goes that Tom Bair picks up a shotgun and said, ‘If you want, Charlie, you’ve got to get through me first,’” Buesch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie Moon never left Humboldt County. When Bair and his wife died, Moon raised the couple’s children. He married a Native Chilula woman named Minnie Tom. Many of their descendants, like Yolanda Latham, still live in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latham said her great-great-great-grandfather — and others like him — built Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892105\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892105\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-800x1067.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0.jpeg 1512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charlie Moon poses for a photo. Date unknown. \u003ccite>(Photo provided by Yolanda Latham)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you look around Humboldt County or any county in California, you have to ask yourself, how did they get that?” Latham said. “That was on the backs of the Chinese and the workers and the Native Americans that they had to move out of the way or use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latham said she sees Moon as a survivor. Still, she can’t help but think of the hardships he and his family went through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would love to say Charlie Moon had an amazing story, but he worked hard and he probably saw a lot of hard things and had to go through a lot of difficult moments,” Latham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>69 years later, Ben Chin\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Latham commends the Eureka Chinatown Project for its effort to acknowledge the hard truths in Humboldt’s past. She said it’s an especially crucial story to tell at a time of renewed anti-Asian violence throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a beaming light that needs to be put on Humboldt County and the counties around here,” Latham said. “I think we need to be honest about the history. We need to be truthful about it and accept it. What’s done is done, but at least acknowledge it and memorialize it so that it’s not dismissed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>D’Souza said Humboldt County Chinese American history did not end after the expulsion. In 1954, a Chinese American Army veteran named Ben Chin moved to Eureka and opened up Canton Cafe. Although he wasn’t part of the group of residents who were forced out in 1885, he is thought to be the first Chinese American to settle in Eureka after nearly 70 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was the first to kind of come back and publicly say ‘I am Chinese, here is my Chinese restaurant and come and enjoy it,’” D’Souza said. “He did face a lot of discrimination when he came back. A lot of threats, a lot of just people badgering him, telling him to leave and close up shop. And he resisted. He stayed. That was a very courageous thing for him to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin went on to open multiple restaurants in Eureka despite the hardships he faced. He died in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, less than three percent of Humboldt County identifies as Asian American. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/humboldtcountycalifornia,US/RHI425219\">latest census data\u003c/a>, that’s slightly fewer than 4,000 people in the entire county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890341/san-jose-to-apologize-for-the-1887-burning-of-the-citys-chinatown\">San Jose, are apologizing for destroying Chinatowns\u003c/a> and displacing their residents. D’Souza said Eureka has not taken that action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve not received a formal apology in terms of the expulsion of 1885 and the decades of discrimination after that,” D’Souza said. “It’s so important to be able to see your culture and your history reflected in your community. And until this mural went up or until the Chinatown project really started, I can’t really say that I felt that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees the support she’s received from local leaders as a tangible step in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892117\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brieanne Mirjah D’Souza, project coordinator for the Eureka Chinatown Project, points at a map of Eureka. \u003ccite>(Photo by Héctor Alejandro Arzate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Eureka Chinatown Project plans on establishing a new monument on the block within the next year. They are also working with the city to rename the alley after Charlie Moon. Eventually, they want to implement Chinese history in the local school curriculum. As a new mother, D’Souza said she’s hopeful for what the future holds for her son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited for my son to be able to grow up one day and be able to come here and see this,” she said, “to feel included and to be part of the story being told in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Chinese Immigrants Were Forced Out of Eureka in 1885 — Here's How Locals Are Making That History Known | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Chinese immigrants have played a pivotal role in shaping California throughout its history. During the mid-1860s, they built infrastructure like railroads and boosted economies with their businesses. Their efforts led to flourishing Chinatowns in cities like San Francisco and San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by 1882, anti-Chinese sentiment and policy \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11877801/san-jose-had-5-chinatowns-why-did-they-vanish\">forced many out of the communities\u003c/a> they helped build. In Humboldt County, nearly all Chinese residents of Eureka were expelled in 1885.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, in Eureka, a small California port town just south of the Oregon border, local Chinese Americans and their allies are fighting to bring a more complete local history to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There used to be a Chinatown here,” said Brieanne Mirjah D’Souza, the coordinator for the\u003ca href=\"https://hapihumboldt.org/Eureka-Chinatown-Project\"> Eureka Chinatown Project\u003c/a>. “Not only a Chinatown, but a thriving, vibrant Chinatown, and it’s no longer here. We don’t even talk about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>D’Souza, who is Chinese American and West Indian, has been organizing to memorialize the city’s Chinatown. The historic block, which is bounded by F and E Streets, was home to hundreds of immigrants who came to work in Northern California before they were forced out by a mob of white settlers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892110\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892110\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownDocuments-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of a Chinese vendor carrying his goods is displayed inside the Clarke Historical Museum. \u003ccite>(Photo by Héctor Alejandro Arzate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We just wanted to put up a plaque saying Chinatown was here,” D’Souza said. “We were here, and we helped build modern-day Humboldt County and Eureka as we know it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With support from the city and the local\u003ca href=\"http://www.clarkemuseum.org/\"> Clarke Historical Museum\u003c/a> the effort has grown way beyond a simple plaque, D’Souza said. In late August, the city unveiled a large mural, titled “Fowl,” to pay homage to its former Chinese residents. The work was painted by Oakland artist Dave Kim and features a large mandarin duck, the silhouette of the former Chinatown, and a portrait of Ben Chin, a Chinese American Army veteran who opened Eureka’s Canton Cafe in 1954.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Eureka plan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On February 6, 1885, Eureka Councilmember David Kendall was walking near Chinatown when he was shot and killed in the crossfire of a shootout. Soon after, a crowd of about 300 mostly white people gathered at the city’s Centennial Hall. According to Katie Buesch, the director of the Clarke Historical Museum, the crowd grew angry and blamed Chinese “gangsters” for Kendall’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a precedent around the West to do things like burn down Chinatowns with the residents inside, running people out of town, boycotting Chinese businesses or employers who employed Chinese workers,” Buesch said. “Eureka went a different route.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892118\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892118\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/BueschePoints-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buesch reviews a modified Sanborn map from May 1886. The Sanborn Map Company made detailed maps of cities to determine risks for insuring businesses against fire. \u003ccite>(Photo by Héctor Alejandro Arzate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A local white businessman who owned most of the block pleaded with the mob to spare his buildings. Instead, the crowd formed a committee of fifteen local leaders, which ordered all Chinese residents to leave Eureka within 48 hours. They arranged for ships to take the entire community down to the port of San Francisco and threatened anybody who stayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Buesch, the mob set up gallows nearby with signs that threatened to hang all who remained. She said they also hung effigies made to look like Chinese people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s called the ‘Eureka Plan,’ and it was replicated in many parts of Humboldt County and also in other areas around the West,” Buesch said. “It was touted as really successful, this ‘nonviolent’ way of removing people from places where they’ve lived for decades or many years, in some cases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892103\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892103\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-1536x1038.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-2048x1384.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/ChinatownLeft1885-1920x1298.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A black and white photo of Eureka’s Chinatown after its residents were forced out in 1885. \u003ccite>(Photo provided by the Clarke Historical Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anti-Chinese expulsions and riots are well documented throughout the West, but Buesch said many of the details in Eureka have long been one-sided as a result of local newspapers celebrating the event for its nonviolence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a much deeper story and one that’s plagued with lots of issues around finding historical documents that really tell you the full accurate story,” Buesch said. “But how can it be nonviolent if you’re forcibly removing people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Wing Hing v. Eureka\u003c/em>, and the legacy of Charlie Moon\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892143\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 767px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11892143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/WingHingpage1-e1634160892536.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"767\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/WingHingpage1-e1634160892536.png 767w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/WingHingpage1-e1634160892536-160x267.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first page of Wing Hing v. The City of Eureka. The court case was brought on by 53 Chinese residents who were expelled from Eureka. \u003ccite>(Special Collections Digitized Publications at Humboldt State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of the displaced Chinese residents were business owners who were forced to leave their property and savings behind, according to some historical documents. Rather than resign themselves to the financial loss, 53 residents filed a lawsuit for reparations — \u003ca href=\"https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/archivepub/11/\">Wing Hing v. Eureka\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the first lawsuit for reparations filed by Chinese residents against a city, and it was a very big deal that it happened at all,” Buesch said. “The Chinese were found to not own any property because they weren’t legal citizens of the United States. So the case was thrown out against the city and the reparations were not made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the lawsuit was unsuccessful, Buesch said the resistance made by Chinese immigrants throughout Humboldt County is a crucial part of history that’s often left out. Meanwhile, D’Souza said other individuals who stood their ground should be celebrated, including one man named Charlie Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He represents the Chinese people that stayed behind, that resisted and fought back in some way,” said D’Souza. “And that’s so important because this isn’t a victim story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many immigrants who moved to Humboldt County, Moon found work in manual labor during the late 1800s, earning his keep as a ranch hand for a man named Tom Bair nearby in Redwood Creek. But soon after the expulsion, some men got word that Moon was still in Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Buesch, the men showed up to the ranch carrying weapons and demanded that Bair give Moon up. Bair stood up for Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The story goes that Tom Bair picks up a shotgun and said, ‘If you want, Charlie, you’ve got to get through me first,’” Buesch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie Moon never left Humboldt County. When Bair and his wife died, Moon raised the couple’s children. He married a Native Chilula woman named Minnie Tom. Many of their descendants, like Yolanda Latham, still live in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latham said her great-great-great-grandfather — and others like him — built Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892105\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892105\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-800x1067.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/image0.jpeg 1512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charlie Moon poses for a photo. Date unknown. \u003ccite>(Photo provided by Yolanda Latham)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you look around Humboldt County or any county in California, you have to ask yourself, how did they get that?” Latham said. “That was on the backs of the Chinese and the workers and the Native Americans that they had to move out of the way or use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latham said she sees Moon as a survivor. Still, she can’t help but think of the hardships he and his family went through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would love to say Charlie Moon had an amazing story, but he worked hard and he probably saw a lot of hard things and had to go through a lot of difficult moments,” Latham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>69 years later, Ben Chin\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Latham commends the Eureka Chinatown Project for its effort to acknowledge the hard truths in Humboldt’s past. She said it’s an especially crucial story to tell at a time of renewed anti-Asian violence throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a beaming light that needs to be put on Humboldt County and the counties around here,” Latham said. “I think we need to be honest about the history. We need to be truthful about it and accept it. What’s done is done, but at least acknowledge it and memorialize it so that it’s not dismissed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>D’Souza said Humboldt County Chinese American history did not end after the expulsion. In 1954, a Chinese American Army veteran named Ben Chin moved to Eureka and opened up Canton Cafe. Although he wasn’t part of the group of residents who were forced out in 1885, he is thought to be the first Chinese American to settle in Eureka after nearly 70 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was the first to kind of come back and publicly say ‘I am Chinese, here is my Chinese restaurant and come and enjoy it,’” D’Souza said. “He did face a lot of discrimination when he came back. A lot of threats, a lot of just people badgering him, telling him to leave and close up shop. And he resisted. He stayed. That was a very courageous thing for him to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin went on to open multiple restaurants in Eureka despite the hardships he faced. He died in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, less than three percent of Humboldt County identifies as Asian American. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/humboldtcountycalifornia,US/RHI425219\">latest census data\u003c/a>, that’s slightly fewer than 4,000 people in the entire county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890341/san-jose-to-apologize-for-the-1887-burning-of-the-citys-chinatown\">San Jose, are apologizing for destroying Chinatowns\u003c/a> and displacing their residents. D’Souza said Eureka has not taken that action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve not received a formal apology in terms of the expulsion of 1885 and the decades of discrimination after that,” D’Souza said. “It’s so important to be able to see your culture and your history reflected in your community. And until this mural went up or until the Chinatown project really started, I can’t really say that I felt that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees the support she’s received from local leaders as a tangible step in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892117\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11892117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Brieanne-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brieanne Mirjah D’Souza, project coordinator for the Eureka Chinatown Project, points at a map of Eureka. \u003ccite>(Photo by Héctor Alejandro Arzate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Eureka Chinatown Project plans on establishing a new monument on the block within the next year. They are also working with the city to rename the alley after Charlie Moon. Eventually, they want to implement Chinese history in the local school curriculum. As a new mother, D’Souza said she’s hopeful for what the future holds for her son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited for my son to be able to grow up one day and be able to come here and see this,” she said, “to feel included and to be part of the story being told in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "our-origin-story-queen-calafia-returns-to-california-in-new-theatre-production",
"title": "‘Our Origin Story’: Queen Calafia Returns to California in New Theatre Production",
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"headTitle": "‘Our Origin Story’: Queen Calafia Returns to California in New Theatre Production | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: The audio version of this piece incorrectly identified Sankofa as a Swahili word. Its origins are with the Akan tribe in Ghana.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, a modest crowd gathered at Dunphy Park in Sausalito to witness the return of a mythical head of state. Dressed in yellow and gold and covered in jewels, Queen Calafia stepped off her boat and onto California soil for the first time in hundreds of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The production, staged on Oct. 3 by the Antenna Theater of San Rafael, sought to showcase the rich story that answers a basic question: Where does California get its name?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve never heard of Queen Calafia, you’re not alone. She was a character in “Las Sergas de Esplandián,” an early 16th-century romantic adventure novel written by Spanish author Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. In Las Sergas, Calafia was described as a Black warrior queen who ruled the mythical island of California. The island was inhabited only by Black women who lived like amazon warriors. Calafia wore armor made of fish bones, used weapons made of gold and commanded an army of griffins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892346 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/244407173_4658589550847294_1358331450639600664_n-800x1199.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/244407173_4658589550847294_1358331450639600664_n-800x1199.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/244407173_4658589550847294_1358331450639600664_n-1020x1528.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/244407173_4658589550847294_1358331450639600664_n-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/244407173_4658589550847294_1358331450639600664_n-1025x1536.jpeg 1025w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/244407173_4658589550847294_1358331450639600664_n.jpeg 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Queen Calafia takes her first step onto California soil in 500 years. \u003ccite>(Herman Privette of Photography By Privette)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fantastical as that might seem, the novel was so popular in Spain that when conquistadors reached the tip of the Baja Peninsula, they thought they’d found the fabled island of California, and named it accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name stuck, but the memory of Calafia largely faded. She has only appeared in popular culture in fits and starts: in a Diego Rivera fresco at the City Club of San Francisco, in a mural at the InterContinental Mark Hopkins San Francisco hotel and in a Disney California Adventure Park movie, in which she was played by Whoopi Goldberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raylene Gorum, who attended the gathering, lives on a houseboat in Sausalito and said she only found out about Calafia a couple of months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I found it really intriguing and I really would like to celebrate this part of California history. I think it’s the right time.” Gorum said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a moment of racial reckoning in the United States, as racist statues are being removed and schools renamed, many here consider Calafia’s story part of a nationwide movement to re-examine and re-tell our nation’s history. Among them is Dee Nathaniel, the actress playing the queen herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892347 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia-Statue-800x1199.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia-Statue-800x1199.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia-Statue-1020x1528.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia-Statue-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia-Statue-1025x1536.jpeg 1025w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia-Statue.jpeg 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A large doll welcomes the queen. \u003ccite>(Herman Privette of Photography By Privette)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In the past, women of color, especially Black women, haven’t always had the best representation,” she said. “So I think corrective representation is really important because we’re looking at the new generation of Black girls and women of color coming up, and it’s really important for them to see positive role models.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calafia may be a particularly charismatic role model because there just isn’t anyone like her, says Stacey Triplette, a Spanish professor at the University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Positive representations of Black people in early modern literature are incredibly rare,” she said. “Things like Othello, where it’s a very negative, very stereotyped representation, are so much more common. So this Black, beautiful woman is really unique.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s part of why Nathaniel finds it so exciting to embody Calafia in this production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an issue with erasure, and when something doesn’t fit into the dominant cultural narrative it’s erased. I know that history is written by the winners, but if we want a more inclusive society, we need to reach back into history and restore some of what has been lost,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calafia also doesn’t conform to the normalized gender roles of her time, Triplette added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892349 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Queen-Calafia-adresses-the-crowd-in-song-800x1199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Queen-Calafia-adresses-the-crowd-in-song-800x1199.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Queen-Calafia-adresses-the-crowd-in-song-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Queen-Calafia-adresses-the-crowd-in-song-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Queen-Calafia-adresses-the-crowd-in-song-1025x1536.jpg 1025w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Queen-Calafia-adresses-the-crowd-in-song.jpg 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Queen Calafia addresses the audience in song. \u003ccite>(Herman Privette of Photography By Privette)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s not that sort of intellectual framework to talk about what being LGBTQ would be in the medieval and Renaissance period, but you can find a literary character like Calafia who doesn’t conform to what their society’s notion of femininity or masculinity should be,” Triplette said, alluding to Calafia’s profile as a strong leader and warrior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of what she represents, the Calafia story is essential knowledge for every Californian, argues Chris Hardman, the Antenna Theater’s artistic director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s our origin story. It’s like if you’ve decided not to read Genesis and you were a Christian,” Hardman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he thinks that theater is the right medium to bring that story to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what the potential of the theater trick is. It brings the history in and puts it right in front of you, and says, ‘It’s live. Deal with it. Get in there, understand this.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892348\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892348 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia_0204-800x1199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia_0204-800x1199.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia_0204-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia_0204-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia_0204-1025x1536.jpg 1025w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia_0204.jpg 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Queen Calafia leads the procession at Sausalito Dunphy Park. \u003ccite>(Herman Privette of Photography By Privette)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hardman plans to host more theatrical events that raise awareness about Calafia, including a fantastical archaeological dig for California griffin bones and creating a redesigned California state seal featuring the queen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these efforts have one goal: to make Queen Calafia a household name in her own kingdom.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nThanks to Professor Ignacio Navarrete of the UC Berkeley Department of Spanish and Portuguese for reading Las Sergas de Esplandián in this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Where does California get its name from? The new Antenna Theater of San Rafael production gives answers.",
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"headline": "‘Our Origin Story’: Queen Calafia Returns to California in New Theatre Production",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: The audio version of this piece incorrectly identified Sankofa as a Swahili word. Its origins are with the Akan tribe in Ghana.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, a modest crowd gathered at Dunphy Park in Sausalito to witness the return of a mythical head of state. Dressed in yellow and gold and covered in jewels, Queen Calafia stepped off her boat and onto California soil for the first time in hundreds of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The production, staged on Oct. 3 by the Antenna Theater of San Rafael, sought to showcase the rich story that answers a basic question: Where does California get its name?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve never heard of Queen Calafia, you’re not alone. She was a character in “Las Sergas de Esplandián,” an early 16th-century romantic adventure novel written by Spanish author Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. In Las Sergas, Calafia was described as a Black warrior queen who ruled the mythical island of California. The island was inhabited only by Black women who lived like amazon warriors. Calafia wore armor made of fish bones, used weapons made of gold and commanded an army of griffins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892346 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/244407173_4658589550847294_1358331450639600664_n-800x1199.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/244407173_4658589550847294_1358331450639600664_n-800x1199.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/244407173_4658589550847294_1358331450639600664_n-1020x1528.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/244407173_4658589550847294_1358331450639600664_n-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/244407173_4658589550847294_1358331450639600664_n-1025x1536.jpeg 1025w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/244407173_4658589550847294_1358331450639600664_n.jpeg 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Queen Calafia takes her first step onto California soil in 500 years. \u003ccite>(Herman Privette of Photography By Privette)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fantastical as that might seem, the novel was so popular in Spain that when conquistadors reached the tip of the Baja Peninsula, they thought they’d found the fabled island of California, and named it accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name stuck, but the memory of Calafia largely faded. She has only appeared in popular culture in fits and starts: in a Diego Rivera fresco at the City Club of San Francisco, in a mural at the InterContinental Mark Hopkins San Francisco hotel and in a Disney California Adventure Park movie, in which she was played by Whoopi Goldberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raylene Gorum, who attended the gathering, lives on a houseboat in Sausalito and said she only found out about Calafia a couple of months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I found it really intriguing and I really would like to celebrate this part of California history. I think it’s the right time.” Gorum said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a moment of racial reckoning in the United States, as racist statues are being removed and schools renamed, many here consider Calafia’s story part of a nationwide movement to re-examine and re-tell our nation’s history. Among them is Dee Nathaniel, the actress playing the queen herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892347 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia-Statue-800x1199.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia-Statue-800x1199.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia-Statue-1020x1528.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia-Statue-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia-Statue-1025x1536.jpeg 1025w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia-Statue.jpeg 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A large doll welcomes the queen. \u003ccite>(Herman Privette of Photography By Privette)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In the past, women of color, especially Black women, haven’t always had the best representation,” she said. “So I think corrective representation is really important because we’re looking at the new generation of Black girls and women of color coming up, and it’s really important for them to see positive role models.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calafia may be a particularly charismatic role model because there just isn’t anyone like her, says Stacey Triplette, a Spanish professor at the University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Positive representations of Black people in early modern literature are incredibly rare,” she said. “Things like Othello, where it’s a very negative, very stereotyped representation, are so much more common. So this Black, beautiful woman is really unique.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s part of why Nathaniel finds it so exciting to embody Calafia in this production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an issue with erasure, and when something doesn’t fit into the dominant cultural narrative it’s erased. I know that history is written by the winners, but if we want a more inclusive society, we need to reach back into history and restore some of what has been lost,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calafia also doesn’t conform to the normalized gender roles of her time, Triplette added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892349 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Queen-Calafia-adresses-the-crowd-in-song-800x1199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Queen-Calafia-adresses-the-crowd-in-song-800x1199.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Queen-Calafia-adresses-the-crowd-in-song-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Queen-Calafia-adresses-the-crowd-in-song-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Queen-Calafia-adresses-the-crowd-in-song-1025x1536.jpg 1025w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Queen-Calafia-adresses-the-crowd-in-song.jpg 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Queen Calafia addresses the audience in song. \u003ccite>(Herman Privette of Photography By Privette)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s not that sort of intellectual framework to talk about what being LGBTQ would be in the medieval and Renaissance period, but you can find a literary character like Calafia who doesn’t conform to what their society’s notion of femininity or masculinity should be,” Triplette said, alluding to Calafia’s profile as a strong leader and warrior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of what she represents, the Calafia story is essential knowledge for every Californian, argues Chris Hardman, the Antenna Theater’s artistic director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s our origin story. It’s like if you’ve decided not to read Genesis and you were a Christian,” Hardman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he thinks that theater is the right medium to bring that story to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what the potential of the theater trick is. It brings the history in and puts it right in front of you, and says, ‘It’s live. Deal with it. Get in there, understand this.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892348\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892348 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia_0204-800x1199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia_0204-800x1199.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia_0204-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia_0204-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia_0204-1025x1536.jpg 1025w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Calafia_0204.jpg 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Queen Calafia leads the procession at Sausalito Dunphy Park. \u003ccite>(Herman Privette of Photography By Privette)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hardman plans to host more theatrical events that raise awareness about Calafia, including a fantastical archaeological dig for California griffin bones and creating a redesigned California state seal featuring the queen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these efforts have one goal: to make Queen Calafia a household name in her own kingdom.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nThanks to Professor Ignacio Navarrete of the UC Berkeley Department of Spanish and Portuguese for reading Las Sergas de Esplandián in this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What California Parents and Teachers Need to Know About Universal Transitional Kindergarten",
"title": "What California Parents and Teachers Need to Know About Universal Transitional Kindergarten",
"headTitle": "KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Even as the pandemic continues to disrupt the way children learn, California is poised to make a historic investment in its early education system. Championed by Gov. Gavin Newsom and many lawmakers, the new $2.7 billion \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/how-californias-new-universal-transitional-kindergarten-program-will-be-rolled-out/657818\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">universal transitional kindergarten\u003c/a> program is being hailed by many experts as a game changer for families in California with almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidsdata.org/topic/34/child-population-age-gender/table#fmt=141&loc=2,127,347,1763,331,348,336,171,321,345,357,332,324,369,358,362,360,337,327,364,356,217,353,328,354,323,352,320,339,334,365,343,330,367,344,355,366,368,265,349,361,4,273,59,370,326,333,322,341,338,350,342,329,325,359,351,363,340,335&tf=110&ch=1\">3 million children under the age of 5\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with President Joe Biden’s vision of universal preschool, this expansion of the current TK program will create more equity in early education, many experts say. Increasing access to preschool may be one of the keys to closing the achievement gap, they say, since about \u003ca href=\"https://www.firstthingsfirst.org/early-childhood-matters/brain-development/#:~:text=90%25%20of%20Brain%20Growth%20Happens,full%20grown%20%E2%80%93%20by%20age%205.\">90% of brain growth happens before kindergarten\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there are myriad opinions about how universal transitional kindergarten should be rolled out. While the state’s plan is to implement universal TK through the public school system, some advocates argue the program should also be available through preschools and child care centers in a \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/why-some-early-childhood-advocates-want-more-transitional-kindergarten-choices/656600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mixed delivery model\u003c/a> that would help bolster the struggling child care industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. What is transitional kindergarten, or TK, and is it mandatory?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>TK is a stepping-stone between preschool and kindergarten. Both TK and kindergarten are entirely optional. Children are only required to attend school in California once they turn 6. Until that age, it is up to parents to decide whether to enroll their children in preschool, transitional kindergarten, or other child care arrangements or keep them at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>2. Is TK free? How is it paid for?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Children can attend TK at no cost because it is part of California’s K-12 public school system. Districts receive funding for TK students based on average daily attendance, which is the average number of students in attendance over the course of the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>3. Why was TK first introduced in California?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2017/understanding-transitional-kindergarten-a-quick-guide/585073\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TK\u003c/a> came about after the Legislature approved the \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/sen/sb_1351-1400/sb_1381_bill_20100930_chaptered.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kindergarten Readiness Act\u003c/a> in 2010. Until then, children who were 4 years old on Sept. 1 could still enroll in regular kindergarten as long as they turned 5 by Dec. 2 of that year. But the new law changed that. Beginning in 2012, children had to be 5 by Sept. 1 to enroll in kindergarten.[aside tag=\"education, kindergarten\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That left out about 100,000 kids who had to wait an extra year. In response, transitional kindergarten was established in 2012 to serve those 4-year-olds who would previously have been eligible for kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>4. What is the difference between the current TK program and the new universal transitional kindergarten program?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Currently, TK serves about 100,000 children, primarily those who turn 5 between Sept. 2 and Dec. 2. These are the students who narrowly miss the cutoff for regular kindergarten. The new $2.7 billion universal TK program, by contrast, will gradually be made available to every 4-year-old in California, eventually serving nearly 400,000 students. It will essentially become California’s version of a universal preschool program, available to all children regardless of income.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. How long will it take for universal transitional kindergarten to be fully rolled out?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It is expected to be rolled out beginning in the 2022-2023 school year, expanding annually until it is available to all the state’s 4-year-olds by 2025-2026. The plan is to gradually phase in younger students each year. However, some school districts are ahead of the curve, having already expanded TK to most 4-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>6. How large will the class sizes be?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Small class sizes are optimal to give young kids the attention they need. Individual instruction is a pillar of quality early education, experts say. The ratios for TK are expected to start out at 12 students to 1 teacher or teaching assistant and transition to 10 students to 1 teacher by the 2025-2026 school year. That is about half the size of many current TK classes, many of which rely on parent volunteers to help teachers. Many preschool settings enjoy an even smaller ratio. Head Start, for instance, generally keeps an 8-1 ratio in its preschool programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>7. How will school districts pay for the new classrooms and facilities necessary to suit small children?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state has earmarked about \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB130\">$490 million in the latest budget to build new facilities and make adjustments to existing ones\u003c/a>, such as building out right-size water fountains and restrooms with pint-size potties and sinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>8. What are the challenges facing this massive expansion of TK?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Staffing is one of the biggest hurdles ahead. There is already a teacher shortage in the state. California will need an estimated 10,000 to 12,000 new teachers and 16,000 new teaching assistants as transitional kindergarten expands, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>9. What will the credential requirements for TK teachers be?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Currently, TK teachers are required to have a multiple-subject teaching credential, the same credential teachers need for all the elementary grades. By 2023, TK teachers also will need to complete an additional 24 units of early childhood education coursework or the equivalent, as deemed by their employer, or they will need to hold a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctc.ca.gov/credentials/leaflets/child-development-permits-(cl-797)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">child-development permit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>10. What are the plans for recruiting and training new transitional kindergarten teachers?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state has allocated \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$100 million in competitive grants\u003c/a> to school districts for recruiting teachers and providing ongoing professional learning. The state is also looking at various options for making it easier to meet the credential requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>11. What will TK teachers get paid?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>That is ultimately determined by districts, but typically, TK teachers are paid the same as kindergarten teachers. It should be noted that K-12 teachers generally earn about 38% more than preschool teachers and child care workers, according to \u003ca href=\"https://cscce.berkeley.edu/workforce-index-2020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Center for the Study of Child Care Employment\u003c/a> at the University of California, Berkeley. That wage disparity helps explain why 17% of the state’s early childhood educators live in poverty, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>12. Is there a pathway for preschool teachers, a workforce that's predominately women of color, to move into TK careers?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctc.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Commission on Teacher Credentialing\u003c/a> has developed a proposal that would create a pathway for preschool teacher permit holders to gain the preparation they need to teach TK without completing all the requirements for a multiple-subject teaching credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, about 49% of early childhood teachers in child care centers have a bachelor’s degree or higher, according to Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"https://cscce.berkeley.edu/early-educators-equipped-to-teach-tk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for the Study of Child Care Employment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>13. Will TK be a full-day or a half-day program?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Universal TK, like kindergarten, is a local choice of full-day or part-day. However, the state’s new \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/staffing-shortage-delays-ambitious-program-to-extend-school-day-and-year-in-california/661436\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Expanded Learning Opportunities Program\u003c/a> requires that local educational agencies offer a nine-hour school day including before- and after-class services.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>14. Do children in universal TK have to meet the same vaccination requirements as in regular kindergarten?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yes, the same vaccination criteria apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/universal-transitional-kindergarten-quick-guide/662318\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Even as the pandemic continues to disrupt the way children learn, California is poised to make a historic investment in its early education system. Here's a quick guide to universal transitional kindergarten.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even as the pandemic continues to disrupt the way children learn, California is poised to make a historic investment in its early education system. Championed by Gov. Gavin Newsom and many lawmakers, the new $2.7 billion \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/how-californias-new-universal-transitional-kindergarten-program-will-be-rolled-out/657818\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">universal transitional kindergarten\u003c/a> program is being hailed by many experts as a game changer for families in California with almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidsdata.org/topic/34/child-population-age-gender/table#fmt=141&loc=2,127,347,1763,331,348,336,171,321,345,357,332,324,369,358,362,360,337,327,364,356,217,353,328,354,323,352,320,339,334,365,343,330,367,344,355,366,368,265,349,361,4,273,59,370,326,333,322,341,338,350,342,329,325,359,351,363,340,335&tf=110&ch=1\">3 million children under the age of 5\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with President Joe Biden’s vision of universal preschool, this expansion of the current TK program will create more equity in early education, many experts say. Increasing access to preschool may be one of the keys to closing the achievement gap, they say, since about \u003ca href=\"https://www.firstthingsfirst.org/early-childhood-matters/brain-development/#:~:text=90%25%20of%20Brain%20Growth%20Happens,full%20grown%20%E2%80%93%20by%20age%205.\">90% of brain growth happens before kindergarten\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there are myriad opinions about how universal transitional kindergarten should be rolled out. While the state’s plan is to implement universal TK through the public school system, some advocates argue the program should also be available through preschools and child care centers in a \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/why-some-early-childhood-advocates-want-more-transitional-kindergarten-choices/656600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mixed delivery model\u003c/a> that would help bolster the struggling child care industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. What is transitional kindergarten, or TK, and is it mandatory?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>TK is a stepping-stone between preschool and kindergarten. Both TK and kindergarten are entirely optional. Children are only required to attend school in California once they turn 6. Until that age, it is up to parents to decide whether to enroll their children in preschool, transitional kindergarten, or other child care arrangements or keep them at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>2. Is TK free? How is it paid for?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Children can attend TK at no cost because it is part of California’s K-12 public school system. Districts receive funding for TK students based on average daily attendance, which is the average number of students in attendance over the course of the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>3. Why was TK first introduced in California?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2017/understanding-transitional-kindergarten-a-quick-guide/585073\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TK\u003c/a> came about after the Legislature approved the \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/sen/sb_1351-1400/sb_1381_bill_20100930_chaptered.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kindergarten Readiness Act\u003c/a> in 2010. Until then, children who were 4 years old on Sept. 1 could still enroll in regular kindergarten as long as they turned 5 by Dec. 2 of that year. But the new law changed that. Beginning in 2012, children had to be 5 by Sept. 1 to enroll in kindergarten.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That left out about 100,000 kids who had to wait an extra year. In response, transitional kindergarten was established in 2012 to serve those 4-year-olds who would previously have been eligible for kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>4. What is the difference between the current TK program and the new universal transitional kindergarten program?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Currently, TK serves about 100,000 children, primarily those who turn 5 between Sept. 2 and Dec. 2. These are the students who narrowly miss the cutoff for regular kindergarten. The new $2.7 billion universal TK program, by contrast, will gradually be made available to every 4-year-old in California, eventually serving nearly 400,000 students. It will essentially become California’s version of a universal preschool program, available to all children regardless of income.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. How long will it take for universal transitional kindergarten to be fully rolled out?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It is expected to be rolled out beginning in the 2022-2023 school year, expanding annually until it is available to all the state’s 4-year-olds by 2025-2026. The plan is to gradually phase in younger students each year. However, some school districts are ahead of the curve, having already expanded TK to most 4-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>6. How large will the class sizes be?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Small class sizes are optimal to give young kids the attention they need. Individual instruction is a pillar of quality early education, experts say. The ratios for TK are expected to start out at 12 students to 1 teacher or teaching assistant and transition to 10 students to 1 teacher by the 2025-2026 school year. That is about half the size of many current TK classes, many of which rely on parent volunteers to help teachers. Many preschool settings enjoy an even smaller ratio. Head Start, for instance, generally keeps an 8-1 ratio in its preschool programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>7. How will school districts pay for the new classrooms and facilities necessary to suit small children?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state has earmarked about \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB130\">$490 million in the latest budget to build new facilities and make adjustments to existing ones\u003c/a>, such as building out right-size water fountains and restrooms with pint-size potties and sinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>8. What are the challenges facing this massive expansion of TK?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Staffing is one of the biggest hurdles ahead. There is already a teacher shortage in the state. California will need an estimated 10,000 to 12,000 new teachers and 16,000 new teaching assistants as transitional kindergarten expands, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>9. What will the credential requirements for TK teachers be?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Currently, TK teachers are required to have a multiple-subject teaching credential, the same credential teachers need for all the elementary grades. By 2023, TK teachers also will need to complete an additional 24 units of early childhood education coursework or the equivalent, as deemed by their employer, or they will need to hold a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctc.ca.gov/credentials/leaflets/child-development-permits-(cl-797)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">child-development permit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>10. What are the plans for recruiting and training new transitional kindergarten teachers?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state has allocated \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$100 million in competitive grants\u003c/a> to school districts for recruiting teachers and providing ongoing professional learning. The state is also looking at various options for making it easier to meet the credential requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>11. What will TK teachers get paid?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>That is ultimately determined by districts, but typically, TK teachers are paid the same as kindergarten teachers. It should be noted that K-12 teachers generally earn about 38% more than preschool teachers and child care workers, according to \u003ca href=\"https://cscce.berkeley.edu/workforce-index-2020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Center for the Study of Child Care Employment\u003c/a> at the University of California, Berkeley. That wage disparity helps explain why 17% of the state’s early childhood educators live in poverty, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>12. Is there a pathway for preschool teachers, a workforce that's predominately women of color, to move into TK careers?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctc.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Commission on Teacher Credentialing\u003c/a> has developed a proposal that would create a pathway for preschool teacher permit holders to gain the preparation they need to teach TK without completing all the requirements for a multiple-subject teaching credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, about 49% of early childhood teachers in child care centers have a bachelor’s degree or higher, according to Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"https://cscce.berkeley.edu/early-educators-equipped-to-teach-tk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for the Study of Child Care Employment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>13. Will TK be a full-day or a half-day program?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Universal TK, like kindergarten, is a local choice of full-day or part-day. However, the state’s new \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/staffing-shortage-delays-ambitious-program-to-extend-school-day-and-year-in-california/661436\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Expanded Learning Opportunities Program\u003c/a> requires that local educational agencies offer a nine-hour school day including before- and after-class services.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>14. Do children in universal TK have to meet the same vaccination requirements as in regular kindergarten?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yes, the same vaccination criteria apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/universal-transitional-kindergarten-quick-guide/662318\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California's Reparations Task Force to Hear Testimony on Anti-Black Racism in Housing and Education Policy",
"headTitle": "KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Continuing their historic charge,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11876194/first-in-the-us-californias-task-force-on-reparations-looks-at-harms-of-slavery\"> California’s Reparations Task Force\u003c/a>, the first in the nation, will meet this Tuesday and Wednesday to hear testimony on housing and education segregation, the impacts of environmental racism, discrimination in banking and the wealth gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the fourth of at least 10 meetings as the group considers the history and impact of slavery in the state — and how best to repay Black Californians for those injustices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're moving more towards detailing some of the contemporary crimes against Black Americans — specifically, discrimination in public and private life,\" said Kamilah Moore, a Los Angeles-based lawyer who was elected chair of the task force in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this week's meetings, the task force will hear from experts such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.uci.edu/faculty/full-time/baradaran/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">M\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.uci.edu/faculty/full-time/baradaran/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ehrsa Baradaran\u003c/a>, a University of California Irvine law professor and author of \"The Color of Money.\" Detailing racism in banking against Black Americans also is on the schedule for Wednesday. [aside postID=news_11876194,news_11841801]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to experts, the task force will listen to testimony from people with direct personal experience, like Kawika Smith, a young Black man who was a \u003ca href=\"http://www.publiccounsel.org/press_releases?id=0138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plaintiff in a case against the University of California system\u003c/a> arguing that the use of the tests at UC campuses essentially create a two-tier system inaccessible to some students, and “rations access to public higher education on the bases of race, privilege, and wealth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Tuesday morning panel on housing and education will include testimony from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/tag/bobby-seale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bobby Seale\u003c/a>, the co-founder and former chair of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, as well as author and researcher Stephen Menendian, who recently published a study called the \u003ca href=\"https://belonging.berkeley.edu/roots-structural-racism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roots of Structural Racism Project\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>which aims to reveal the persistence of racial residential segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/members\">nine-member task force\u003c/a> has held meetings in June, July and September. But the September meetings marked the first in which witnesses presented personal and expert testimony. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kamilah Moore, lawyer and chair of California's Reparations Task Force\"]'This is the first-in-the-nation task force. We beat the federal government in this effort.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force, created with the passage of \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB3121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Assembly Bill 3121\u003c/a> last fall, is charged with making recommendations to the state of California on how to eliminate discrimination in existing state laws and policies, what an apology might look like as well as what a compensation package could be, and who would qualify. The text of the bill specifies special consideration for descendants of those enslaved in the United States. The task force has until July 2023 to make recommendations to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also is charged with determining how any potential compensation should be calculated and who would be eligible, as well as additional forms of reparations like rehabilitation or restitution. The \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/meetings\">two-day September meetings\u003c/a> covered national and international reparations efforts, the Great Migration and political disenfranchisement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the September meetings, the task force heard from well-known experts such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.isabelwilkerson.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Isabel Wilkerson\u003c/a>, author of the award-winning book \"Caste\" and another bestseller, \"The Warmth of Other Suns\" and academics such as \u003ca href=\"https://jmparman.people.wm.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">John M. Parman\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://belonging.berkeley.edu/john-powell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">john a. powell\u003c/a>, law professor at UC Berkeley and director of the Othering and Belonging Institute. But they also heard from those who provided more personal testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had people come to testify like Dawn Basciano and Bertha Gorman, who is \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZ055ilIiN4\">the poet Amanda Gorman\u003c/a>'s grandmother, to talk about their experience living in California and the discrimination that they and their families faced over time,” Moore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorman described how she grew up listening to the stories of enslaved people from her parents, grandparents and great-grandparents.[aside label=\"KQED's Forum on Bay Area Segregation\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101884131/how-3-decades-of-increased-segregation-in-the-bay-area-is-hurting-communities-of-color,How 3 Decades of Increased Segregation in the Bay Area Is Hurting Communities of Color\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she came to California, she lost her first job as a babysitter when she signed up to take a test for a clerk position with the state. But she was not allowed to take the test. \"It was 1959, and I was given every imaginable excuse — they had already given the test, they lost my application,\" she said. She was never allowed to take the test. \"At every step of the way, in my growth, and in my career and in my education, I have experienced discrimination, pay inequities, sexism, [and] sexual harassment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the personal testimonies proved powerful and brought some task force members to tears, communication between the Department of Justice staff and the task force appeared tense at times — notably, when the DOJ said they would be unable to accommodate a request for future Saturday meetings. Also, during a brief discussion of who has final say over the agenda, the task force and the DOJ did not appear to come to an agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There ought to be a few meetings that fit the schedule of the oppressed,\" vice-chair Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://naacp.org/people/rev-amos-brown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Amos C. Brown\u003c/a> said during the meeting. \"Not for us, but for the sake of the people.\" Brown has been a pastor at San Francisco's Third Baptist Church since 1976.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOJ told KQED in an email on Monday that these questions would be addressed in the updates portion of the task force meeting, but emphasized that the DOJ is taking direction from the task force itself.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Bertha Gorman\"]'At every step of the way, in my growth, and in my career and in my education, I have experienced discrimination, pay inequities, sexism, [and] sexual harassment.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite some minor administrative hiccups, and the plethora of testimony and information to sift through, Moore is optimistic. \"This is the first-in-the-nation task force. We beat the federal government in this effort,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/task-force-notice-agenda-101221-101321.pdf\">full agenda is available\u003c/a>, and all meetings are open to the public. Moore said she welcomes the public both to attend the online meetings and participate in the public comment period. \"We definitely encourage public comment. It informs our work so much,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After this week, the next scheduled meetings will be held in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Continuing their historic charge,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11876194/first-in-the-us-californias-task-force-on-reparations-looks-at-harms-of-slavery\"> California’s Reparations Task Force\u003c/a>, the first in the nation, will meet this Tuesday and Wednesday to hear testimony on housing and education segregation, the impacts of environmental racism, discrimination in banking and the wealth gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the fourth of at least 10 meetings as the group considers the history and impact of slavery in the state — and how best to repay Black Californians for those injustices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're moving more towards detailing some of the contemporary crimes against Black Americans — specifically, discrimination in public and private life,\" said Kamilah Moore, a Los Angeles-based lawyer who was elected chair of the task force in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this week's meetings, the task force will hear from experts such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.uci.edu/faculty/full-time/baradaran/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">M\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.uci.edu/faculty/full-time/baradaran/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ehrsa Baradaran\u003c/a>, a University of California Irvine law professor and author of \"The Color of Money.\" Detailing racism in banking against Black Americans also is on the schedule for Wednesday. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to experts, the task force will listen to testimony from people with direct personal experience, like Kawika Smith, a young Black man who was a \u003ca href=\"http://www.publiccounsel.org/press_releases?id=0138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plaintiff in a case against the University of California system\u003c/a> arguing that the use of the tests at UC campuses essentially create a two-tier system inaccessible to some students, and “rations access to public higher education on the bases of race, privilege, and wealth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Tuesday morning panel on housing and education will include testimony from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/tag/bobby-seale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bobby Seale\u003c/a>, the co-founder and former chair of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, as well as author and researcher Stephen Menendian, who recently published a study called the \u003ca href=\"https://belonging.berkeley.edu/roots-structural-racism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roots of Structural Racism Project\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>which aims to reveal the persistence of racial residential segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/members\">nine-member task force\u003c/a> has held meetings in June, July and September. But the September meetings marked the first in which witnesses presented personal and expert testimony. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force, created with the passage of \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB3121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Assembly Bill 3121\u003c/a> last fall, is charged with making recommendations to the state of California on how to eliminate discrimination in existing state laws and policies, what an apology might look like as well as what a compensation package could be, and who would qualify. The text of the bill specifies special consideration for descendants of those enslaved in the United States. The task force has until July 2023 to make recommendations to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also is charged with determining how any potential compensation should be calculated and who would be eligible, as well as additional forms of reparations like rehabilitation or restitution. The \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/meetings\">two-day September meetings\u003c/a> covered national and international reparations efforts, the Great Migration and political disenfranchisement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the September meetings, the task force heard from well-known experts such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.isabelwilkerson.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Isabel Wilkerson\u003c/a>, author of the award-winning book \"Caste\" and another bestseller, \"The Warmth of Other Suns\" and academics such as \u003ca href=\"https://jmparman.people.wm.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">John M. Parman\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://belonging.berkeley.edu/john-powell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">john a. powell\u003c/a>, law professor at UC Berkeley and director of the Othering and Belonging Institute. But they also heard from those who provided more personal testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had people come to testify like Dawn Basciano and Bertha Gorman, who is \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZ055ilIiN4\">the poet Amanda Gorman\u003c/a>'s grandmother, to talk about their experience living in California and the discrimination that they and their families faced over time,” Moore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorman described how she grew up listening to the stories of enslaved people from her parents, grandparents and great-grandparents.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she came to California, she lost her first job as a babysitter when she signed up to take a test for a clerk position with the state. But she was not allowed to take the test. \"It was 1959, and I was given every imaginable excuse — they had already given the test, they lost my application,\" she said. She was never allowed to take the test. \"At every step of the way, in my growth, and in my career and in my education, I have experienced discrimination, pay inequities, sexism, [and] sexual harassment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the personal testimonies proved powerful and brought some task force members to tears, communication between the Department of Justice staff and the task force appeared tense at times — notably, when the DOJ said they would be unable to accommodate a request for future Saturday meetings. Also, during a brief discussion of who has final say over the agenda, the task force and the DOJ did not appear to come to an agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There ought to be a few meetings that fit the schedule of the oppressed,\" vice-chair Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://naacp.org/people/rev-amos-brown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Amos C. Brown\u003c/a> said during the meeting. \"Not for us, but for the sake of the people.\" Brown has been a pastor at San Francisco's Third Baptist Church since 1976.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOJ told KQED in an email on Monday that these questions would be addressed in the updates portion of the task force meeting, but emphasized that the DOJ is taking direction from the task force itself.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite some minor administrative hiccups, and the plethora of testimony and information to sift through, Moore is optimistic. \"This is the first-in-the-nation task force. We beat the federal government in this effort,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/task-force-notice-agenda-101221-101321.pdf\">full agenda is available\u003c/a>, and all meetings are open to the public. Moore said she welcomes the public both to attend the online meetings and participate in the public comment period. \"We definitely encourage public comment. It informs our work so much,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After this week, the next scheduled meetings will be held in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Less than six weeks after On Our Watch published an episode examining the shooting death of Oscar Grant, California’s Attorney General Rob Bonta opened an external investigation into the 12-year-old case. In a wide-ranging interview with On Our Watch’s Sukey Lewis, Bonta talks about California’s systemic policing issues, his efforts at addressing them and his contention that the Oscar Grant case remains unresolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also look at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890615/newsom-signs-law-to-strip-badges-from-bad-officers\">new police reforms\u003c/a>, including one that makes it easier to strip badges from police officers who have committed acts of serious misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow On Our Watch on \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spotify\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=998011488:998413542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast app. This podcast is produced as part of the\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cem> California Reporting Project\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a coalition of news organizations in California\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Update%3A+Oscar+Grant+and+the+Attorney+General&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Less than six weeks after On Our Watch published an episode examining the shooting death of Oscar Grant, California’s Attorney General Rob Bonta opened an external investigation into the 12-year-old case. In a wide-ranging interview with On Our Watch’s Sukey Lewis, Bonta talks about California’s systemic policing issues, his efforts at addressing them and his contention that the Oscar Grant case remains unresolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also look at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890615/newsom-signs-law-to-strip-badges-from-bad-officers\">new police reforms\u003c/a>, including one that makes it easier to strip badges from police officers who have committed acts of serious misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow On Our Watch on \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spotify\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=998011488:998413542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast app. This podcast is produced as part of the\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cem> California Reporting Project\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a coalition of news organizations in California\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Update%3A+Oscar+Grant+and+the+Attorney+General&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Greta Christina fell into a deep depression five years ago, she called up her therapist — someone she’d had a great connection with when she needed therapy in the past. And she was delighted to find out that he was now on staff at Kaiser Permanente, her insurer, meaning she wouldn’t have to pay out of pocket anymore to see him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the excitement was short-lived. Over time, her appointments went from every two weeks to every four and then to every five or six.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To tell somebody with serious, chronic, disabling depression that they can only see their therapist every five or six weeks is like telling somebody with a broken leg that they can only see their physical therapist every five or six weeks,” she said. “It’s not enough. It’s not even close to enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, this summer, Christina was diagnosed with breast cancer. Everything related to her cancer care — her mammogram, biopsy, surgery appointments — happened promptly, like a “well-oiled machine,” she said, while her depression care stumbles along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Greta Christina\"]‘To tell somebody with serious, chronic, disabling depression that they can only see their therapist every five or six weeks is like telling somebody with a broken leg that they can only see their physical therapist every five or six weeks. It’s not enough. It’s not even close to enough.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a hot mess,” she said. “I need to be in therapy — I have cancer! And still nothing has changed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill sitting on Gov. Gavin Newsom’s desk aims to fix this problem for all Californians. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB221\">Senate Bill 221\u003c/a>, which passed both houses of the Legislature in a near unanimous vote, would require health insurers across the state to reduce those wait times to no more than 10 business days. While current state law requires insurers to provide initial mental health appointments in 10 days, there is no clear regulation around follow-up appointments, resulting in what state Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, the bill’s author, calls “obscene delays.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/blog/californians-want-action-health-care-costs-mental-health-treatment/\">Half of Californians say they have to wait too long to see a mental health provider when they need one\u003c/a>, according to a survey by the California Health Care Foundation. At Kaiser Permanente specifically, 87% of therapists said weekly appointments were not available to patients who needed it, according to a survey by the \u003ca href=\"https://nuhw.org/\">National Union of Healthcare Workers\u003c/a>, which represents Kaiser’s therapists and was the main sponsor of the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just feels so unethical,” said triage therapist Brandi Plumley, referring to the typical two-month wait time she sees at Kaiser’s mental health clinic in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day she takes multiple crisis calls from patients who have a therapist assigned to them already, but can’t get in to see them, she said, adding the providers’ caseloads are “enormous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s heartbreaking. And it eats on me day after day after day,” Plumley said. “What Kaiser simply needs to do is hire more clinicians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kaiser says there just aren’t enough out there. The integrated health system currently has 300 open clinical positions it is trying to fill, according to a statement from Yener Balan, Kaiser’s Northern California vice president of behavioral health. Even hiring more clinicians won’t solve the problem, Balan said, adding, “We all must reimagine our approach to the existing national model of care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser lodged formal concerns about the bill when it was first introduced, and the trade group representing insurers throughout the state, the California Association of Health Plans (CAHP), formally opposed the bill, saying a shortage of therapists would make it too difficult to meet the two-week mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated this workforce shortage, and demand for these services [has] significantly increased,” said CAHP lobbyist Jedd Hampton at a state Senate hearing for the bill last spring, citing \u003ca href=\"https://healthforce.ucsf.edu/sites/healthforce.ucsf.edu/files/publication-pdf/California%E2%80%99s%20Current%20and%20Future%20Behavioral%20Health%20Workforce.pdf\">a UCLA study that predicted California would have nearly 30% fewer therapists than needed to meet demand by 2028\u003c/a>. “Simply put, mandating increased frequency of appointments without addressing the underlying workforce shortage will not lead to increased quality of care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4 style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/series/state-of-mind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Special Series: State of Mind\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/series/state-of-mind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20817_State-of-Mind-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">State of Mind: In this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/series/state-of-mind\">2016 special series by KQED’s The California Report and State of Health\u003c/a>, we traveled across the state to find out why it’s so difficult to get mental health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But lawmakers pushed back and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/185843/just-like-patients-therapists-also-battle-insurance-red-tape\">accused insurers of overstating the shortage\u003c/a>. If insurers want to attract more therapists to their networks, the responsibility is on them to pay better rates and reduce administrative burdens, said state Sen. Connie Leyva, D-Chino. And if insurers want more young people to enter the mental health care profession, they have to improve the salaries and working conditions of the field now, said state Sen. Richard Pan, D-Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As bipartisan support for the bill grew, insurers withdrew their opposition. The bill passed the Legislature with 111 lawmakers voting for it and one voting against.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“COVID, and the fact that every single one of us has been impacted significantly in terms of our isolation, I believe, has made legislators’ focus, and their understanding of the importance of treatment, almost universal,” said Julie Snyder, government affairs director for the \u003ca href=\"https://steinberginstitute.org/\">Steinberg Institute\u003c/a>, a supporter of the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill itself, which would take effect in July 2022 if signed by the governor, is a solid step forward toward improving access to mental health care, with communities of color standing to benefit the most, said Lonnie Snowden, professor of health policy and management at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African Americans, Asian Americans and Latinos face the most barriers getting into care, he said, and when people of color do come in for treatment, there is a high discontinuation rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So anything you can do to speed up people’s future appointments is probably going to disproportionately benefit people who are already staying away because of barriers,” Snowden said. “If you can remove one of the barriers, they’re the ones who stand to benefit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there has to be some form of oversight and enforcement for the new rules to work, said Keith Humphreys, a psychiatry professor at Stanford University. Kaiser has data systems that can track the time between appointments, but other insurers contract with therapists in private practice, who manage their own caseloads and schedules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who would keep track of whether people who’ve been seen once were seen again in 10 days when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/185796/single-moms-search-for-therapist-foiled-by-insurance-companies\">it’s hard enough just to keep track of how many providers we have\u003c/a> and who they are seeing?” he said. “And if someone wasn’t seen again in 10 days, how do we tell the cases when they were denied care they wanted versus the cases where they decided one appointment is all they wanted?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are questions that will fall to state regulators, the California Department of Managed Health Care and the Department of Insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, Greta Christina says she is desperate for the bill to become law. She’s thought about looking for a new therapist outside Kaiser so she can be seen more frequently. But she really likes her therapist. She says it’s too hard to think of starting over with someone new while she’s in the middle of a cancer crisis. So she has decided to wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Knowing that this bill is on the horizon has been helping me hang on,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Greta Christina fell into a deep depression five years ago, she called up her therapist — someone she’d had a great connection with when she needed therapy in the past. And she was delighted to find out that he was now on staff at Kaiser Permanente, her insurer, meaning she wouldn’t have to pay out of pocket anymore to see him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the excitement was short-lived. Over time, her appointments went from every two weeks to every four and then to every five or six.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To tell somebody with serious, chronic, disabling depression that they can only see their therapist every five or six weeks is like telling somebody with a broken leg that they can only see their physical therapist every five or six weeks,” she said. “It’s not enough. It’s not even close to enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, this summer, Christina was diagnosed with breast cancer. Everything related to her cancer care — her mammogram, biopsy, surgery appointments — happened promptly, like a “well-oiled machine,” she said, while her depression care stumbles along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘To tell somebody with serious, chronic, disabling depression that they can only see their therapist every five or six weeks is like telling somebody with a broken leg that they can only see their physical therapist every five or six weeks. It’s not enough. It’s not even close to enough.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a hot mess,” she said. “I need to be in therapy — I have cancer! And still nothing has changed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill sitting on Gov. Gavin Newsom’s desk aims to fix this problem for all Californians. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB221\">Senate Bill 221\u003c/a>, which passed both houses of the Legislature in a near unanimous vote, would require health insurers across the state to reduce those wait times to no more than 10 business days. While current state law requires insurers to provide initial mental health appointments in 10 days, there is no clear regulation around follow-up appointments, resulting in what state Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, the bill’s author, calls “obscene delays.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/blog/californians-want-action-health-care-costs-mental-health-treatment/\">Half of Californians say they have to wait too long to see a mental health provider when they need one\u003c/a>, according to a survey by the California Health Care Foundation. At Kaiser Permanente specifically, 87% of therapists said weekly appointments were not available to patients who needed it, according to a survey by the \u003ca href=\"https://nuhw.org/\">National Union of Healthcare Workers\u003c/a>, which represents Kaiser’s therapists and was the main sponsor of the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just feels so unethical,” said triage therapist Brandi Plumley, referring to the typical two-month wait time she sees at Kaiser’s mental health clinic in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day she takes multiple crisis calls from patients who have a therapist assigned to them already, but can’t get in to see them, she said, adding the providers’ caseloads are “enormous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s heartbreaking. And it eats on me day after day after day,” Plumley said. “What Kaiser simply needs to do is hire more clinicians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kaiser says there just aren’t enough out there. The integrated health system currently has 300 open clinical positions it is trying to fill, according to a statement from Yener Balan, Kaiser’s Northern California vice president of behavioral health. Even hiring more clinicians won’t solve the problem, Balan said, adding, “We all must reimagine our approach to the existing national model of care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser lodged formal concerns about the bill when it was first introduced, and the trade group representing insurers throughout the state, the California Association of Health Plans (CAHP), formally opposed the bill, saying a shortage of therapists would make it too difficult to meet the two-week mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated this workforce shortage, and demand for these services [has] significantly increased,” said CAHP lobbyist Jedd Hampton at a state Senate hearing for the bill last spring, citing \u003ca href=\"https://healthforce.ucsf.edu/sites/healthforce.ucsf.edu/files/publication-pdf/California%E2%80%99s%20Current%20and%20Future%20Behavioral%20Health%20Workforce.pdf\">a UCLA study that predicted California would have nearly 30% fewer therapists than needed to meet demand by 2028\u003c/a>. “Simply put, mandating increased frequency of appointments without addressing the underlying workforce shortage will not lead to increased quality of care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4 style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/series/state-of-mind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Special Series: State of Mind\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/series/state-of-mind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20817_State-of-Mind-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">State of Mind: In this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/series/state-of-mind\">2016 special series by KQED’s The California Report and State of Health\u003c/a>, we traveled across the state to find out why it’s so difficult to get mental health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But lawmakers pushed back and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/185843/just-like-patients-therapists-also-battle-insurance-red-tape\">accused insurers of overstating the shortage\u003c/a>. If insurers want to attract more therapists to their networks, the responsibility is on them to pay better rates and reduce administrative burdens, said state Sen. Connie Leyva, D-Chino. And if insurers want more young people to enter the mental health care profession, they have to improve the salaries and working conditions of the field now, said state Sen. Richard Pan, D-Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As bipartisan support for the bill grew, insurers withdrew their opposition. The bill passed the Legislature with 111 lawmakers voting for it and one voting against.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“COVID, and the fact that every single one of us has been impacted significantly in terms of our isolation, I believe, has made legislators’ focus, and their understanding of the importance of treatment, almost universal,” said Julie Snyder, government affairs director for the \u003ca href=\"https://steinberginstitute.org/\">Steinberg Institute\u003c/a>, a supporter of the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill itself, which would take effect in July 2022 if signed by the governor, is a solid step forward toward improving access to mental health care, with communities of color standing to benefit the most, said Lonnie Snowden, professor of health policy and management at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African Americans, Asian Americans and Latinos face the most barriers getting into care, he said, and when people of color do come in for treatment, there is a high discontinuation rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So anything you can do to speed up people’s future appointments is probably going to disproportionately benefit people who are already staying away because of barriers,” Snowden said. “If you can remove one of the barriers, they’re the ones who stand to benefit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there has to be some form of oversight and enforcement for the new rules to work, said Keith Humphreys, a psychiatry professor at Stanford University. Kaiser has data systems that can track the time between appointments, but other insurers contract with therapists in private practice, who manage their own caseloads and schedules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who would keep track of whether people who’ve been seen once were seen again in 10 days when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/185796/single-moms-search-for-therapist-foiled-by-insurance-companies\">it’s hard enough just to keep track of how many providers we have\u003c/a> and who they are seeing?” he said. “And if someone wasn’t seen again in 10 days, how do we tell the cases when they were denied care they wanted versus the cases where they decided one appointment is all they wanted?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are questions that will fall to state regulators, the California Department of Managed Health Care and the Department of Insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, Greta Christina says she is desperate for the bill to become law. She’s thought about looking for a new therapist outside Kaiser so she can be seen more frequently. But she really likes her therapist. She says it’s too hard to think of starting over with someone new while she’s in the middle of a cancer crisis. So she has decided to wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Knowing that this bill is on the horizon has been helping me hang on,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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"soldout": {
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