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desserts, beverages, candy, beer and ice cream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA also delisted styrene without ruling on its status as a carcinogen, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council, which, along with several other health and consumer organizations, filed a petition in 2015 asking the FDA to ban the chemicals on safety grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>“Carcinogens\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/media/2018/181005-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> have no place\u003c/a> in the food we feed our families,\" Erik Olson, senior director of health and food at NRDC, said in a statement. \"This is welcome news for millions of Americans who have been unknowingly snacking on cancer-causing chemicals for far too long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Since the FDA first approved the artificial flavors in 1964, government toxicology reports \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.edf.org/health/2018/05/17/fda-carcinogenic-flavors-petition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have shown t\u003c/a>hat six of them cause cancer in two species of animals, and that styrene is also “reasonably anticipated\" to be carcinogenic, according to the petition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A law passed in 1958 \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/HRD-82-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">requires the FDA\u003c/a> to ban the use of any food additive found to cause cancer in animals or humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemicals are hard to pin down \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceh.org/news-events/press-coverage/content/advocacy-groups-sue-fda-ban-seven-synthetic-food-flavors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on food labels\u003c/a> because they are listed as \"artificial flavors,\" according to the Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA says the substances are used \"in very small amounts\" and carry \"very low levels of exposures\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/NewsEvents/ConstituentUpdates/ucm622475.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that do not pose\u003c/a> a risk to public health when used as intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following FDA inaction on the petition, which was revised in 2016, a broad coalition of consumer and health groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceh.org/news-events/press-coverage/content/advocacy-groups-sue-fda-ban-seven-synthetic-food-flavors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued the FDA\u003c/a> in May of this year. In response to the court filing, the FDA agreed to make a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision goes into effect immediately following publication in the Federal Register unless companies object. Food manufacturers will then have two years to comply with the ban.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The FDA moved to ban the chemicals, used in a wide variety foods, following government toxicology reports showing they can cause cancer. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1538784135,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":355},"headData":{"title":"FDA Bans Seven Artificial Flavors Used in Candy, Beer | KQED","description":"The FDA moved to ban the chemicals, used in a wide variety foods, following government toxicology reports showing they can cause cancer. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"FDA Bans Seven Artificial Flavors Used in Candy, Beer","datePublished":"2018-10-05T21:41:15.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-06T00:02:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444865 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444865","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/05/fda-bans-seven-artificial-flavors-used-in-candy-beer/","disqusTitle":"FDA Bans Seven Artificial Flavors Used in Candy, Beer","source":"Health","path":"/futureofyou/444865/fda-bans-seven-artificial-flavors-used-in-candy-beer","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced on Friday that it has \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/NewsEvents/ConstituentUpdates/ucm622475.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">removed seven artificial flavors\u003c/a> from its list of approved food additives after animal studies showed that they cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The banned chemicals— benzophenone, ethyl acrylate, eugenyl methyl ether, myrcene, pulegone, and pyridine— can be found as flavors and flavor enhancers in common products such as baked goods, desserts, beverages, candy, beer and ice cream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA also delisted styrene without ruling on its status as a carcinogen, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council, which, along with several other health and consumer organizations, filed a petition in 2015 asking the FDA to ban the chemicals on safety grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>“Carcinogens\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/media/2018/181005-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> have no place\u003c/a> in the food we feed our families,\" Erik Olson, senior director of health and food at NRDC, said in a statement. \"This is welcome news for millions of Americans who have been unknowingly snacking on cancer-causing chemicals for far too long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Since the FDA first approved the artificial flavors in 1964, government toxicology reports \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.edf.org/health/2018/05/17/fda-carcinogenic-flavors-petition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have shown t\u003c/a>hat six of them cause cancer in two species of animals, and that styrene is also “reasonably anticipated\" to be carcinogenic, according to the petition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A law passed in 1958 \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/HRD-82-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">requires the FDA\u003c/a> to ban the use of any food additive found to cause cancer in animals or humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemicals are hard to pin down \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceh.org/news-events/press-coverage/content/advocacy-groups-sue-fda-ban-seven-synthetic-food-flavors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on food labels\u003c/a> because they are listed as \"artificial flavors,\" according to the Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA says the substances are used \"in very small amounts\" and carry \"very low levels of exposures\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/NewsEvents/ConstituentUpdates/ucm622475.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that do not pose\u003c/a> a risk to public health when used as intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following FDA inaction on the petition, which was revised in 2016, a broad coalition of consumer and health groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceh.org/news-events/press-coverage/content/advocacy-groups-sue-fda-ban-seven-synthetic-food-flavors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued the FDA\u003c/a> in May of this year. In response to the court filing, the FDA agreed to make a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision goes into effect immediately following publication in the Federal Register unless companies object. Food manufacturers will then have two years to comply with the ban.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444865/fda-bans-seven-artificial-flavors-used-in-candy-beer","authors":["11428"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_103","futureofyou_1519","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_61"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444867","label":"source_futureofyou_444865"},"futureofyou_444810":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_444810","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"444810","score":null,"sort":[1538578835000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"trump-epa-set-to-weaken-limits-on-radiation-exposure","title":"Trump EPA Set to Weaken Limits on Radiation Exposure","publishDate":1538578835,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The EPA is pursuing rule changes that experts say would weaken the way radiation exposure is regulated, turning to scientific outliers who argue that a bit of radiation damage is actually good for you — like a little bit of sunlight.[contextly_sidebar id=\"cMhezcPlN6LfypQIodTAZTkQjxxJmp1m\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government’s current, decades-old guidance says that any exposure to harmful radiation is a cancer risk. And critics say the proposed change could lead to higher levels of exposure for workers at nuclear installations and oil and gas drilling sites, medical workers doing X-rays and CT scans, people living next to Superfund sites and any members of the public who one day might find themselves exposed to a radiation release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration already has targeted a range of other regulations on toxins and pollutants, including coal power plant emissions and car exhaust, that it sees as costly and burdensome for businesses. Supporters of the EPA’s proposal argue the government’s current model that there is no safe level of radiation — the so-called linear no-threshold model — forces unnecessary spending for handling exposure in accidents, at nuclear plants, in medical centers and at other sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue is Environmental Protection Agency’s proposed rule on transparency in science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA spokesman John Konkus said Tuesday: “The proposed regulation doesn’t talk about radiation or any particular chemicals. And as we indicated in our response, EPA’s policy is to continue to use the linear-no-threshold model for population-level radiation protection purposes which would not, under the proposed regulation that has not been finalized, trigger any change in that policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in an April news release announcing the proposed rule the agency quoted Edward Calabrese, a toxicologist at the University of Massachusetts who has said weakening limits on radiation exposure would save billions of dollars and have a positive impact on human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rule would require regulators to consider “various threshold models across the exposure range” when it comes to dangerous substances. While it doesn’t specify radiation, the release quotes Calabrese calling the proposal “a major scientific step forward” in assessing the risk of “chemicals and radiation.”[contextly_sidebar id=\"pvuvFDruvbEw4lxZxen1FpcGPNcaahIo\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Konkus said the release was written during the tenure of former EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt. He could not explain why Calabrese was quoted citing the impact on radiation levels if the agency does not believe there would be any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calabrese was to be the lead witness at a congressional hearing Wednesday on the EPA proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radiation is everywhere, from potassium in bananas to the microwaves popping our popcorn. Most of it is benign. But what’s of concern is the higher-energy, shorter-wave radiation, like X-rays, that can penetrate and disrupt living cells, sometimes causing cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as this March, the EPA’s online guidelines for radiation effects advised: “Current science suggests there is some cancer risk from any exposure to radiation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even exposures below 100 millisieverts” — an amount roughly equivalent to 25 chest X-rays or about 14 CT chest scans — “slightly increase the risk of getting cancer in the future,” the agency’s guidance said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that online guidance — separate from the rule-change proposal — was edited in July to add a section emphasizing the low individual odds of cancer: “According to radiation safety experts, radiation exposures of ... 100 millisieverts usually result in no harmful health effects, because radiation below these levels is a minor contributor to our overall cancer risk,” the revised policy says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"2HUuLSRwi8YSbfJRvPXEnS9z0Y0PfoLc\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calabrese and his supporters argue that smaller exposures of cell-damaging radiation and other carcinogens can serve as stressors that activate the body’s repair mechanisms and can make people healthier. They compare it to physical exercise or sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mainstream scientific consensus on radiation is based on deceptive science, says Calabrese, who argued in a 2014 essay for “righting the past deceptions and correcting the ongoing errors in environmental regulation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA spokesman Konkus said in an email that the proposed rule change is about “increasing transparency on assumptions” about how the body responds to different doses of dangerous substances and that the agency “acknowledges uncertainty regarding health effects at low doses” and supports more research on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The radiation regulation is supported by Steven Milloy, a Trump transition team member for the EPA who is known for challenging widely accepted ideas about manmade climate change and the health risks of tobacco. He has been promoting Calabrese’s theory of healthy radiation on his blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jan Beyea, a physicist whose work includes research with the National Academies of Science on the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, said the EPA science proposal represents voices “generally dismissed by the great bulk of scientists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA proposal would lead to “increases in chemical and radiation exposures in the workplace, home and outdoor environment, including the vicinity of Superfund sites,” Beyea wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"OkuppunSHp3SM2JTUqdGMPaVNCwP9BBK\"]At the level the EPA website talks about, any one person’s risk of cancer from radiation exposure is perhaps 1 percent, Beyea said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The individual risk will likely be low, but not the cumulative social risk,” Beyea said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they even look at that — no, no, no,” said Terrie Barrie, a resident of Craig, Colorado, and an advocate for her husband and other workers at the now-closed Rocky Flats nuclear-weapons plant, where the U.S. government is compensating certain cancer victims regardless of their history of exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason not to protect people as much as possible,” said Barrie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. agencies for decades have followed a policy that there is no threshold of radiation exposure that is risk-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements reaffirmed that principle this year after a review of 29 public health studies on cancer rates among people exposed to low-dose radiation, via the U.S. atomic bombing of Japan in World War II, leak-prone Soviet nuclear installations, medical treatments and other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty of the 29 studies directly support the principle that even low-dose exposures cause a significant increase in cancer rates, said Roy Shore, chief of research at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, a joint project of the United States and Japan. Scientists found most of the other studies were inconclusive and decided one was flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None supported the theory there is some safe threshold for radiation, said Shore, who chaired the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there were a threshold that it’s safe to go below, “those who profess that would have to come up with some data,” Shore said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly the evidence did not point that way,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which regulates electronic devices that emit radiation, advises, broadly, that a single CT scan with a dose of 10 millisieverts may increase risks of a fatal cancer by about 1 chance in 2,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the proposal say it’s time to rethink radiation regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we spend an enormous effort trying to minimize low doses” at nuclear power plants, for example, said Brant Ulsh, a physicist with the California-based consulting firm M.H. Chew and Associates. “Instead, let’s spend the resources on minimizing the effect of a really big event.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1538554376,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1277},"headData":{"title":"Trump EPA Set to Weaken Limits on Radiation Exposure | KQED","description":"The EPA is pursuing rule changes that experts say would weaken the way radiation exposure is regulated, turning to scientific outliers who argue that a bit of radiation damage is actually good for you — like a little bit of sunlight. The government’s current, decades-old guidance says that any exposure to harmful radiation is","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Trump EPA Set to Weaken Limits on Radiation Exposure","datePublished":"2018-10-03T15:00:35.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-03T08:12:56.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444810 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444810","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/03/trump-epa-set-to-weaken-limits-on-radiation-exposure/","disqusTitle":"Trump EPA Set to Weaken Limits on Radiation Exposure","source":"Health","nprByline":"Ellen Knickmeyer\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/444810/trump-epa-set-to-weaken-limits-on-radiation-exposure","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The EPA is pursuing rule changes that experts say would weaken the way radiation exposure is regulated, turning to scientific outliers who argue that a bit of radiation damage is actually good for you — like a little bit of sunlight.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government’s current, decades-old guidance says that any exposure to harmful radiation is a cancer risk. And critics say the proposed change could lead to higher levels of exposure for workers at nuclear installations and oil and gas drilling sites, medical workers doing X-rays and CT scans, people living next to Superfund sites and any members of the public who one day might find themselves exposed to a radiation release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration already has targeted a range of other regulations on toxins and pollutants, including coal power plant emissions and car exhaust, that it sees as costly and burdensome for businesses. Supporters of the EPA’s proposal argue the government’s current model that there is no safe level of radiation — the so-called linear no-threshold model — forces unnecessary spending for handling exposure in accidents, at nuclear plants, in medical centers and at other sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue is Environmental Protection Agency’s proposed rule on transparency in science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA spokesman John Konkus said Tuesday: “The proposed regulation doesn’t talk about radiation or any particular chemicals. And as we indicated in our response, EPA’s policy is to continue to use the linear-no-threshold model for population-level radiation protection purposes which would not, under the proposed regulation that has not been finalized, trigger any change in that policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in an April news release announcing the proposed rule the agency quoted Edward Calabrese, a toxicologist at the University of Massachusetts who has said weakening limits on radiation exposure would save billions of dollars and have a positive impact on human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rule would require regulators to consider “various threshold models across the exposure range” when it comes to dangerous substances. While it doesn’t specify radiation, the release quotes Calabrese calling the proposal “a major scientific step forward” in assessing the risk of “chemicals and radiation.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Konkus said the release was written during the tenure of former EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt. He could not explain why Calabrese was quoted citing the impact on radiation levels if the agency does not believe there would be any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calabrese was to be the lead witness at a congressional hearing Wednesday on the EPA proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radiation is everywhere, from potassium in bananas to the microwaves popping our popcorn. Most of it is benign. But what’s of concern is the higher-energy, shorter-wave radiation, like X-rays, that can penetrate and disrupt living cells, sometimes causing cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as this March, the EPA’s online guidelines for radiation effects advised: “Current science suggests there is some cancer risk from any exposure to radiation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even exposures below 100 millisieverts” — an amount roughly equivalent to 25 chest X-rays or about 14 CT chest scans — “slightly increase the risk of getting cancer in the future,” the agency’s guidance said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that online guidance — separate from the rule-change proposal — was edited in July to add a section emphasizing the low individual odds of cancer: “According to radiation safety experts, radiation exposures of ... 100 millisieverts usually result in no harmful health effects, because radiation below these levels is a minor contributor to our overall cancer risk,” the revised policy says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calabrese and his supporters argue that smaller exposures of cell-damaging radiation and other carcinogens can serve as stressors that activate the body’s repair mechanisms and can make people healthier. They compare it to physical exercise or sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mainstream scientific consensus on radiation is based on deceptive science, says Calabrese, who argued in a 2014 essay for “righting the past deceptions and correcting the ongoing errors in environmental regulation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA spokesman Konkus said in an email that the proposed rule change is about “increasing transparency on assumptions” about how the body responds to different doses of dangerous substances and that the agency “acknowledges uncertainty regarding health effects at low doses” and supports more research on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The radiation regulation is supported by Steven Milloy, a Trump transition team member for the EPA who is known for challenging widely accepted ideas about manmade climate change and the health risks of tobacco. He has been promoting Calabrese’s theory of healthy radiation on his blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jan Beyea, a physicist whose work includes research with the National Academies of Science on the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, said the EPA science proposal represents voices “generally dismissed by the great bulk of scientists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA proposal would lead to “increases in chemical and radiation exposures in the workplace, home and outdoor environment, including the vicinity of Superfund sites,” Beyea wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>At the level the EPA website talks about, any one person’s risk of cancer from radiation exposure is perhaps 1 percent, Beyea said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The individual risk will likely be low, but not the cumulative social risk,” Beyea said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they even look at that — no, no, no,” said Terrie Barrie, a resident of Craig, Colorado, and an advocate for her husband and other workers at the now-closed Rocky Flats nuclear-weapons plant, where the U.S. government is compensating certain cancer victims regardless of their history of exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason not to protect people as much as possible,” said Barrie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. agencies for decades have followed a policy that there is no threshold of radiation exposure that is risk-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements reaffirmed that principle this year after a review of 29 public health studies on cancer rates among people exposed to low-dose radiation, via the U.S. atomic bombing of Japan in World War II, leak-prone Soviet nuclear installations, medical treatments and other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty of the 29 studies directly support the principle that even low-dose exposures cause a significant increase in cancer rates, said Roy Shore, chief of research at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, a joint project of the United States and Japan. Scientists found most of the other studies were inconclusive and decided one was flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None supported the theory there is some safe threshold for radiation, said Shore, who chaired the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there were a threshold that it’s safe to go below, “those who profess that would have to come up with some data,” Shore said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly the evidence did not point that way,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which regulates electronic devices that emit radiation, advises, broadly, that a single CT scan with a dose of 10 millisieverts may increase risks of a fatal cancer by about 1 chance in 2,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the proposal say it’s time to rethink radiation regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we spend an enormous effort trying to minimize low doses” at nuclear power plants, for example, said Brant Ulsh, a physicist with the California-based consulting firm M.H. Chew and Associates. “Instead, let’s spend the resources on minimizing the effect of a really big event.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444810/trump-epa-set-to-weaken-limits-on-radiation-exposure","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444810"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1176","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_1424"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444815","label":"source_futureofyou_444810"},"futureofyou_444164":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_444164","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"444164","score":null,"sort":[1535655075000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fda-investigating-how-a-potential-carcinogen-found-its-way-in-heart-drugs","title":"FDA Investigating How a Potential Carcinogen Found its Way in Heart Drugs","publishDate":1535655075,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Heart health | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>After learning an ingredient used to make a widely prescribed heart drug contained a substance linked to cancer, the Food and Drug Administration is now testing all drugs in that class for traces of the toxic material.[contextly_sidebar id=\"M4JEVSEfDDhDw0n3meqWeaJPT6i8AOwO\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The probe into angiotensin II receptor blockers is part of a widening investigation into a mystery over an impurity known as NDMA, which was found last month in generic valsartan blood pressure pills made by Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical. NDMA, which is considered a possible carcinogen by the Environmental Protection Agency, is an organic chemical once used to make rocket fuel and is an unintended by-product of certain chemical reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The finding caused widespread concern and product recalls by several manufacturers as the FDA and regulators from other countries scrambled to determine how the substance found its way into the medicine. The FDA issued a statement saying it believes the problem occurred “through a specific sequence of steps in the manufacturing process,” but the agency is “still not 100 percent sure this is the root cause.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous companies either manufacture or repackage these drugs, which are regularly used to combat high blood pressure and heart failure. As of now, they noted that more than half of all valsartan medicines that are on the market are being recalled.[contextly_sidebar id=\"sIS8BD5zF1nXJWO6PonqzMGSpfqDl0Bs\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The episode underscores ongoing concerns about the quality of the pharmaceutical supply chain emanating from countries such as China and India that are large ingredients manufacturers, but have a history of inconsistent — some say inadequate — government oversight. A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2017/01/17/fda-drug-safety-inspections/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Government Accountability Office found the FDA was struggling to assess its overseas inspection efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mindful of such concerns, the FDA statement took pains to explain the steps taken by the agency to respond to the NDMA problem. These included \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm613916.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">alerts\u003c/a> issued to patients and health care providers on the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm613916.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web site\u003c/a>; analysis by FDA staff at its St. Louis laboratory; communicating with regulators in Canada, Europe, and Japan; and inspecting Zhejiang Huahai facilities in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the FDA reiterated an earlier alert that attempted to put the risk into context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency estimated that if 8,000 people took the highest valsartan dose of 320 mg in a pill containing NDMA daily for four years — which is the amount of time the FDA believes the affected pill had been on the U.S. market — there may be one additional case of cancer over their lifetimes beyond the average cancer rate among Americans.[contextly_sidebar id=\"enNQmG13yKJp90szHVrMT1LH85pc4uKY\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This estimate represented the highest possible level of NDMA exposure. It was a measure of the risk under the most extreme circumstances. Most patients who were exposed to the impurity through the use of valsartan received less exposure than this worst-case scenario,” Gottlieb and Woodcock wrote in a bid to reassure the public about the likelihood of the risk of developing cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, they added that they plan to use what they learn from this scare to “inform assessments of product applications being submitted and currently reviewed by the FDA. We will disseminate that information to manufacturers of all drugs and to the scientific community and re-evaluate our existing guidance to manufacturers.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The episode underscores ongoing concerns about the quality of the pharmaceutical supply chain emanating from countries such as China and India.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1535655075,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":556},"headData":{"title":"FDA Investigating How a Potential Carcinogen Found its Way in Heart Drugs | KQED","description":"The episode underscores ongoing concerns about the quality of the pharmaceutical supply chain emanating from countries such as China and India.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"FDA Investigating How a Potential Carcinogen Found its Way in Heart Drugs","datePublished":"2018-08-30T18:51:15.000Z","dateModified":"2018-08-30T18:51:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444164 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444164","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/08/30/fda-investigating-how-a-potential-carcinogen-found-its-way-in-heart-drugs/","disqusTitle":"FDA Investigating How a Potential Carcinogen Found its Way in Heart Drugs","source":"Health","nprByline":"Ed Silverman\u003cbr />STAT","path":"/futureofyou/444164/fda-investigating-how-a-potential-carcinogen-found-its-way-in-heart-drugs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After learning an ingredient used to make a widely prescribed heart drug contained a substance linked to cancer, the Food and Drug Administration is now testing all drugs in that class for traces of the toxic material.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The probe into angiotensin II receptor blockers is part of a widening investigation into a mystery over an impurity known as NDMA, which was found last month in generic valsartan blood pressure pills made by Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical. NDMA, which is considered a possible carcinogen by the Environmental Protection Agency, is an organic chemical once used to make rocket fuel and is an unintended by-product of certain chemical reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The finding caused widespread concern and product recalls by several manufacturers as the FDA and regulators from other countries scrambled to determine how the substance found its way into the medicine. The FDA issued a statement saying it believes the problem occurred “through a specific sequence of steps in the manufacturing process,” but the agency is “still not 100 percent sure this is the root cause.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous companies either manufacture or repackage these drugs, which are regularly used to combat high blood pressure and heart failure. As of now, they noted that more than half of all valsartan medicines that are on the market are being recalled.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The episode underscores ongoing concerns about the quality of the pharmaceutical supply chain emanating from countries such as China and India that are large ingredients manufacturers, but have a history of inconsistent — some say inadequate — government oversight. A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2017/01/17/fda-drug-safety-inspections/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Government Accountability Office found the FDA was struggling to assess its overseas inspection efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mindful of such concerns, the FDA statement took pains to explain the steps taken by the agency to respond to the NDMA problem. These included \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm613916.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">alerts\u003c/a> issued to patients and health care providers on the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm613916.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web site\u003c/a>; analysis by FDA staff at its St. Louis laboratory; communicating with regulators in Canada, Europe, and Japan; and inspecting Zhejiang Huahai facilities in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the FDA reiterated an earlier alert that attempted to put the risk into context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency estimated that if 8,000 people took the highest valsartan dose of 320 mg in a pill containing NDMA daily for four years — which is the amount of time the FDA believes the affected pill had been on the U.S. market — there may be one additional case of cancer over their lifetimes beyond the average cancer rate among Americans.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This estimate represented the highest possible level of NDMA exposure. It was a measure of the risk under the most extreme circumstances. Most patients who were exposed to the impurity through the use of valsartan received less exposure than this worst-case scenario,” Gottlieb and Woodcock wrote in a bid to reassure the public about the likelihood of the risk of developing cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, they added that they plan to use what they learn from this scare to “inform assessments of product applications being submitted and currently reviewed by the FDA. We will disseminate that information to manufacturers of all drugs and to the scientific community and re-evaluate our existing guidance to manufacturers.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444164/fda-investigating-how-a-potential-carcinogen-found-its-way-in-heart-drugs","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444164"],"series":["futureofyou_350"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_103","futureofyou_952","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_279"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444163","label":"source_futureofyou_444164"},"futureofyou_443912":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_443912","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"443912","score":null,"sort":[1534176041000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mounting-calls-for-epa-to-regulate-contaminated-water-across-the-country","title":"Mounting Calls For EPA to Regulate Contaminated Water Across the Country","publishDate":1534176041,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Lauren Woeher wonders if her 16-month-old daughter has been harmed by tap water contaminated with toxic industrial compounds used in products like nonstick cookware, carpets and fast-food wrappers. Henry Betz, at 76, rattles around his house alone at night, thinking about the water his family unknowingly drank for years that was tainted by the same contaminants, and the pancreatic cancers that killed wife Betty Jean and two others in his household.[contextly_sidebar id=\"9NIwMAIiqs6rEwIhTconMwoE0dxPnLXq\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Hagey, manager of a local water utility, recalls how he used to assure people that the local public water was safe. That was before testing showed it had some of the highest levels of the toxic compounds of any public water system in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You all made me out to be a liar,” Hagey, general water and sewer manager in the eastern Pennsylvania town of Warminster, told Environmental Protection Agency officials last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At “community engagement sessions” like the one in Horsham, residents and state, local and military officials are demanding that the EPA act quickly — and decisively — to clean up local water systems testing positive for dangerous levels of the chemicals, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You all made me out to be a liar.’\u003ccite>Tim Hagey, manager at a Pennsylvania water utility\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The EPA is being urged to regulate a group of chemicals that are contaminating the public water supply in dozens of states. The group of chemicals known as PFAS were used in everything from nonstick cookware to firefighting foam. (Aug. 13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration called the contamination “a potential public relations nightmare” earlier this year after federal toxicology studies found that some of the compounds are more hazardous than previously acknowledged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS have been in production since the 1940s, and there are about 3,500 different types. Dumped into water, the air or soil, some forms of the compounds are expected to remain intact for thousands of years; one public-health expert dubbed them “forever chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA testing from 2013 to 2015 found significant amounts of PFAS in public water supplies in 33 U.S. states. The finding helped move PFAS up as a national priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So did scientific studies that firmed up the health risks. One, looking at a kind of PFAS once used in making Teflon, found a probable link with kidney and testicular cancer, ulcerative colitis, thyroid disease, hypertension in pregnant women and high cholesterol. Other recent studies point to immune problems in children, among other things.[contextly_sidebar id=\"huKONbhmEHy7kYoS4ySN0SNE56qwgBNB\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Lack of Enforcement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, the EPA set advisory limits — without any direct enforcement — for two kinds of PFAS that had recently been phased out of production in the United States. But manufacturers are still producing, and releasing into the air and water, newer versions of the compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, federal toxicologists decided that even the EPA’s 2016 advisory levels for the two phased-out versions of the compound were several times too high for safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA says it will prepare a national management plan for the compounds by the end of the year. But Peter Grevatt, director of the agency’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, told The Associated Press that there’s no deadline for a decision on possible regulatory actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reviews of the data, and studies to gather more, are ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as the Trump administration says it advocates for clean air and water, it is ceding more regulation to the states and putting a hold on some regulations seen as burdensome to business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Horsham and surrounding towns in eastern Pennsylvania, and at other sites around the United States, the foams once used routinely in firefighting training at military bases contained PFAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that you can’t bring back three people that I lost,” Betz, a retired airman, told the federal officials at the Horsham meeting. “But they’re gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers complained of “a lack of urgency and incompetency” on the part of EPA.[contextly_sidebar id=\"PGPYtG1rl6zSWqpXtYjoruRWaAdQh7WO\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It absolutely disgusts me that the federal government would put PR concerns ahead of public health concerns,” Republican state Rep. Todd Stephens declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the meeting, Woeher questioned why it took so long to tell the public about the dangers of the compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They knew they had seeped into the water, and they didn’t tell anybody about it until it was revealed and they had to,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking at her home with her toddler nearby, she asked, “Is this something that, you know, I have to worry? It’s in her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While contamination of drinking water around military bases and factories gets most of the attention, the EPA says 80 percent of human exposure comes from consumer products in the home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical industry says it believes the versions of the nonstick, stain-resistant compounds in use now are safe, in part because they don’t stay in the body as long as older versions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As an industry today ... we’re very forthcoming meeting any kind of regulatory requirement to disclose any kind of adverse data,” said Jessica Bowman, a senior director at the American Chemistry Council trade group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independent academics and government regulators say they don’t fully share the industry’s expressed confidence about the safety of PFAS versions now in use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While EPA considers its next step, states are taking action to tackle PFAS contamination on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Delaware, National Guard troops handed out water after high levels of PFAS were found in a town’s water supply. Michigan last month ordered residents of two towns to stop drinking or cooking with their water, after PFAS was found at 20 times the EPA’s 2016 advisory level. In New Jersey, officials urged fishermen to eat some kinds of fish no more than once a year because of PFAS [contextly_sidebar id=\"7nHj1AJqYzx56nUaIoVCUx97LsdUJtGl\"]contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington became the first state to ban any firefighting foam with the compound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the findings on the compounds, alarm bells “should be ringing four out of five” at the EPA, Kerrigan Clough, a former deputy regional EPA administrator, said in an interview with the AP as he waited for a test for PFAS in the water at his Michigan lake home, which is near a military base that used firefighting foam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the risk appears to be high, and you’ve got it every place, then you’ve got a different level” of danger and urgency, Clough said. “It’s a serious problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problems with PFAS surfaced partly as a result of a 1999 lawsuit by a farmer who filmed his cattle staggering, frothing and dying in a field near a DuPont disposal site in Parkersburg, West Virginia, for PFAS then used in Teflon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, under President George W. Bush, the EPA and DuPont settled an EPA complaint that the chemical company knew at least by the mid-1980s that the early PFAS compound posed a substantial risk to human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA in the past “didn’t have much of a hammer to come down on a bad existing chemical,” said Lynn Goldman, the agency’s assistant administrator over toxic substances in the 1990s, now dean of the Milken Institute School of Public Health at George Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Congress has boosted the agency’s authority to regulate problematic chemicals since then. That includes toughening up the federal Toxic Substances Control Act and regulatory mandates for the EPA itself in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For PFAS, that should include addressing the new versions of the compounds coming into production, not just tackling old forms that companies already agreed to take offline, Goldman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Otherwise it’s the game of whack-a-mole,” she said. “That’s not what you want to do when you’re protecting the public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Online: EPA site on PFAS: \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pfas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://www.epa.gov/pfas\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Trump administration called the contamination “a potential public relations nightmare” earlier this year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1534174489,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":1373},"headData":{"title":"Mounting Calls For EPA to Regulate Contaminated Water Across the Country | KQED","description":"The Trump administration called the contamination “a potential public relations nightmare” earlier this year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Mounting Calls For EPA to Regulate Contaminated Water Across the Country","datePublished":"2018-08-13T16:00:41.000Z","dateModified":"2018-08-13T15:34:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"443912 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=443912","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/08/13/mounting-calls-for-epa-to-regulate-contaminated-water-across-the-country/","disqusTitle":"Mounting Calls For EPA to Regulate Contaminated Water Across the Country","source":"Health","nprByline":"Ellen Knickmeyer\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/443912/mounting-calls-for-epa-to-regulate-contaminated-water-across-the-country","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lauren Woeher wonders if her 16-month-old daughter has been harmed by tap water contaminated with toxic industrial compounds used in products like nonstick cookware, carpets and fast-food wrappers. Henry Betz, at 76, rattles around his house alone at night, thinking about the water his family unknowingly drank for years that was tainted by the same contaminants, and the pancreatic cancers that killed wife Betty Jean and two others in his household.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Hagey, manager of a local water utility, recalls how he used to assure people that the local public water was safe. That was before testing showed it had some of the highest levels of the toxic compounds of any public water system in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You all made me out to be a liar,” Hagey, general water and sewer manager in the eastern Pennsylvania town of Warminster, told Environmental Protection Agency officials last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At “community engagement sessions” like the one in Horsham, residents and state, local and military officials are demanding that the EPA act quickly — and decisively — to clean up local water systems testing positive for dangerous levels of the chemicals, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You all made me out to be a liar.’\u003ccite>Tim Hagey, manager at a Pennsylvania water utility\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The EPA is being urged to regulate a group of chemicals that are contaminating the public water supply in dozens of states. The group of chemicals known as PFAS were used in everything from nonstick cookware to firefighting foam. (Aug. 13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration called the contamination “a potential public relations nightmare” earlier this year after federal toxicology studies found that some of the compounds are more hazardous than previously acknowledged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS have been in production since the 1940s, and there are about 3,500 different types. Dumped into water, the air or soil, some forms of the compounds are expected to remain intact for thousands of years; one public-health expert dubbed them “forever chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA testing from 2013 to 2015 found significant amounts of PFAS in public water supplies in 33 U.S. states. The finding helped move PFAS up as a national priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So did scientific studies that firmed up the health risks. One, looking at a kind of PFAS once used in making Teflon, found a probable link with kidney and testicular cancer, ulcerative colitis, thyroid disease, hypertension in pregnant women and high cholesterol. Other recent studies point to immune problems in children, among other things.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Lack of Enforcement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, the EPA set advisory limits — without any direct enforcement — for two kinds of PFAS that had recently been phased out of production in the United States. But manufacturers are still producing, and releasing into the air and water, newer versions of the compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, federal toxicologists decided that even the EPA’s 2016 advisory levels for the two phased-out versions of the compound were several times too high for safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA says it will prepare a national management plan for the compounds by the end of the year. But Peter Grevatt, director of the agency’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, told The Associated Press that there’s no deadline for a decision on possible regulatory actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reviews of the data, and studies to gather more, are ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as the Trump administration says it advocates for clean air and water, it is ceding more regulation to the states and putting a hold on some regulations seen as burdensome to business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Horsham and surrounding towns in eastern Pennsylvania, and at other sites around the United States, the foams once used routinely in firefighting training at military bases contained PFAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that you can’t bring back three people that I lost,” Betz, a retired airman, told the federal officials at the Horsham meeting. “But they’re gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers complained of “a lack of urgency and incompetency” on the part of EPA.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It absolutely disgusts me that the federal government would put PR concerns ahead of public health concerns,” Republican state Rep. Todd Stephens declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the meeting, Woeher questioned why it took so long to tell the public about the dangers of the compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They knew they had seeped into the water, and they didn’t tell anybody about it until it was revealed and they had to,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking at her home with her toddler nearby, she asked, “Is this something that, you know, I have to worry? It’s in her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While contamination of drinking water around military bases and factories gets most of the attention, the EPA says 80 percent of human exposure comes from consumer products in the home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical industry says it believes the versions of the nonstick, stain-resistant compounds in use now are safe, in part because they don’t stay in the body as long as older versions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As an industry today ... we’re very forthcoming meeting any kind of regulatory requirement to disclose any kind of adverse data,” said Jessica Bowman, a senior director at the American Chemistry Council trade group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independent academics and government regulators say they don’t fully share the industry’s expressed confidence about the safety of PFAS versions now in use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While EPA considers its next step, states are taking action to tackle PFAS contamination on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Delaware, National Guard troops handed out water after high levels of PFAS were found in a town’s water supply. Michigan last month ordered residents of two towns to stop drinking or cooking with their water, after PFAS was found at 20 times the EPA’s 2016 advisory level. In New Jersey, officials urged fishermen to eat some kinds of fish no more than once a year because of PFAS \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington became the first state to ban any firefighting foam with the compound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the findings on the compounds, alarm bells “should be ringing four out of five” at the EPA, Kerrigan Clough, a former deputy regional EPA administrator, said in an interview with the AP as he waited for a test for PFAS in the water at his Michigan lake home, which is near a military base that used firefighting foam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the risk appears to be high, and you’ve got it every place, then you’ve got a different level” of danger and urgency, Clough said. “It’s a serious problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problems with PFAS surfaced partly as a result of a 1999 lawsuit by a farmer who filmed his cattle staggering, frothing and dying in a field near a DuPont disposal site in Parkersburg, West Virginia, for PFAS then used in Teflon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, under President George W. Bush, the EPA and DuPont settled an EPA complaint that the chemical company knew at least by the mid-1980s that the early PFAS compound posed a substantial risk to human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA in the past “didn’t have much of a hammer to come down on a bad existing chemical,” said Lynn Goldman, the agency’s assistant administrator over toxic substances in the 1990s, now dean of the Milken Institute School of Public Health at George Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Congress has boosted the agency’s authority to regulate problematic chemicals since then. That includes toughening up the federal Toxic Substances Control Act and regulatory mandates for the EPA itself in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For PFAS, that should include addressing the new versions of the compounds coming into production, not just tackling old forms that companies already agreed to take offline, Goldman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Otherwise it’s the game of whack-a-mole,” she said. “That’s not what you want to do when you’re protecting the public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Online: EPA site on PFAS: \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pfas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://www.epa.gov/pfas\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/443912/mounting-calls-for-epa-to-regulate-contaminated-water-across-the-country","authors":["byline_futureofyou_443912"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1596","futureofyou_1176","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_1511"],"featImg":"futureofyou_443915","label":"source_futureofyou_443912"},"futureofyou_443040":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_443040","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"443040","score":null,"sort":[1530045641000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fda-green-lights-marijuana-based-pharmaceutical-drug","title":"FDA Green Lights Marijuana-Based Pharmaceutical Drug","publishDate":1530045641,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a marijuana-derived drug for the treatment of two rare and serious forms of epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome, that begin in childhood but can persist in adulthood.[contextly_sidebar id=\"RsxfUCgh8UsJJJ0ikrZvWqEfpFs55Jwz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drug is made from purified cannabidiol, or CBD, a compound found in the cannabis plant. The drug will be marketed under the brand name Epidiolex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBD has medicinal effects, but it does not cause the mind-altering high that comes from THC, the primary psychoactive component of marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2016/01/401246/cannabis-based-drug-reduces-seizures-children-treatment-resistant-epilepsy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital San Francisco \u003c/a>introduced the first study looking at the effects of Epidiolex on children and young adults who suffer from severe forms of epilepsy. They found that patients had fewer seizures when treated with the purified cannabinoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA says this is the first drug approved in the U.S. that contains a purified substance derived from marijuana. The agency has previously approved drugs made from synthetic versions of THC and other marijuana constituents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This approval serves as a reminder that advancing sound development programs that properly evaluate active ingredients contained in marijuana can lead to important medical therapies,\" said FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb during a call with reporters about the approval.[contextly_sidebar id=\"RBUAK4wZ7KHOssmYfHT8dDioQ0U69y4E\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several states \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have legalized CBD oil \u003c/a>specifically for the treatment of intractable epilepsy or seizure disorders. And, as NPR has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/23/604307015/anxiety-relief-without-the-high-new-studies-on-cbd-a-cannabis-extract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>, CBD supplements are available widely online and in dispensaries in the form of oils or tinctures. CBD oil has gained popularity with consumers as a remedy for a variety of other ailments. However, the legal status of these products is uncertain, as is their quality. They're not regulated the way pharmaceutical drugs are, so the consistency and dose can vary widely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having an FDA-approved, pharmaceutical-grade CBD drug will open up a new treatment option for epilepsy patients by delivering a high-quality, consistent dose of CBD, says \u003ca href=\"https://medschool.vanderbilt.edu/brain-institute/person/robert-carson-md-phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Robert Carson\u003c/a> a pediatric neurologist at Vanderbilt University who treats patients with epilepsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our biggest concerns with the artisanal [or supplement] versions of CBD were related to the consistency,\" Carson says. \"We can't guarantee the consistency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carson says he will likely prescribe Epidiolex going forward. \"I'm always excited about the potential for a new therapy that has been well-studied and has a great potential for benefit,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several researchers are studying the potential of CBD to treat psychiatric conditions. For instance, a \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03248167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clinical trial is underway\u003c/a> to test whether CBD can be an effective treatment for people with post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder. Another clinical trial will determine whether CBD could help \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01311778\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prevent relapse\u003c/a> in opioid abusers.[contextly_sidebar id=\"TzTIWOn6t1b75631sBYWcr2CwFcxdgut\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approval of Epidiolex may help open the door to more CBD research, as it helps to lift one regulatory hurdle. Until now, the Drug Enforcement Administration has classified CBD as a Schedule 1 substance. Like other drugs in this category, which include heroin and LSD, these drugs are considered to have no medical use and a high potential for abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, with the approval of a CBD drug, the DEA will change this, according to Dr. Douglas Throckmorton, deputy director of regulatory programs at the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The DEA will need to make a different scheduling decision for CBD...because it now has an accepted medical use,\" he said during a conference call with reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the reclassification is underway now.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FDA+Green+Lights+Marijuana-Based+Pharmaceutical+Drug+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For the first time, the FDA has approved a drug containing CBD, an extract of marijuana. This move could pave the way for more research into medical uses for the marijuana extract.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1530045809,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":597},"headData":{"title":"FDA Green Lights Marijuana-Based Pharmaceutical Drug | KQED","description":"For the first time, the FDA has approved a drug containing CBD, an extract of marijuana. This move could pave the way for more research into medical uses for the marijuana extract.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"FDA Green Lights Marijuana-Based Pharmaceutical Drug","datePublished":"2018-06-26T20:40:41.000Z","dateModified":"2018-06-26T20:43:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"443040 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=443040","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/06/26/fda-green-lights-marijuana-based-pharmaceutical-drug/","disqusTitle":"FDA Green Lights Marijuana-Based Pharmaceutical Drug","source":"Health","nprImageCredit":"Blaine Harrington III","nprByline":"Allison Aubrey, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"623236189","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=623236189&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/06/25/623236189/fda-green-lights-marijuana-based-pharmaceutical-drug?ft=nprml&f=623236189","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 25 Jun 2018 23:07:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 25 Jun 2018 17:33:01 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 25 Jun 2018 23:07:07 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/443040/fda-green-lights-marijuana-based-pharmaceutical-drug","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a marijuana-derived drug for the treatment of two rare and serious forms of epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome, that begin in childhood but can persist in adulthood.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drug is made from purified cannabidiol, or CBD, a compound found in the cannabis plant. The drug will be marketed under the brand name Epidiolex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBD has medicinal effects, but it does not cause the mind-altering high that comes from THC, the primary psychoactive component of marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2016/01/401246/cannabis-based-drug-reduces-seizures-children-treatment-resistant-epilepsy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital San Francisco \u003c/a>introduced the first study looking at the effects of Epidiolex on children and young adults who suffer from severe forms of epilepsy. They found that patients had fewer seizures when treated with the purified cannabinoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA says this is the first drug approved in the U.S. that contains a purified substance derived from marijuana. The agency has previously approved drugs made from synthetic versions of THC and other marijuana constituents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This approval serves as a reminder that advancing sound development programs that properly evaluate active ingredients contained in marijuana can lead to important medical therapies,\" said FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb during a call with reporters about the approval.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several states \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have legalized CBD oil \u003c/a>specifically for the treatment of intractable epilepsy or seizure disorders. And, as NPR has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/23/604307015/anxiety-relief-without-the-high-new-studies-on-cbd-a-cannabis-extract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>, CBD supplements are available widely online and in dispensaries in the form of oils or tinctures. CBD oil has gained popularity with consumers as a remedy for a variety of other ailments. However, the legal status of these products is uncertain, as is their quality. They're not regulated the way pharmaceutical drugs are, so the consistency and dose can vary widely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having an FDA-approved, pharmaceutical-grade CBD drug will open up a new treatment option for epilepsy patients by delivering a high-quality, consistent dose of CBD, says \u003ca href=\"https://medschool.vanderbilt.edu/brain-institute/person/robert-carson-md-phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Robert Carson\u003c/a> a pediatric neurologist at Vanderbilt University who treats patients with epilepsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our biggest concerns with the artisanal [or supplement] versions of CBD were related to the consistency,\" Carson says. \"We can't guarantee the consistency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carson says he will likely prescribe Epidiolex going forward. \"I'm always excited about the potential for a new therapy that has been well-studied and has a great potential for benefit,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several researchers are studying the potential of CBD to treat psychiatric conditions. For instance, a \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03248167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clinical trial is underway\u003c/a> to test whether CBD can be an effective treatment for people with post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder. Another clinical trial will determine whether CBD could help \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01311778\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prevent relapse\u003c/a> in opioid abusers.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approval of Epidiolex may help open the door to more CBD research, as it helps to lift one regulatory hurdle. Until now, the Drug Enforcement Administration has classified CBD as a Schedule 1 substance. Like other drugs in this category, which include heroin and LSD, these drugs are considered to have no medical use and a high potential for abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, with the approval of a CBD drug, the DEA will change this, according to Dr. Douglas Throckmorton, deputy director of regulatory programs at the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The DEA will need to make a different scheduling decision for CBD...because it now has an accepted medical use,\" he said during a conference call with reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the reclassification is underway now.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FDA+Green+Lights+Marijuana-Based+Pharmaceutical+Drug+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/443040/fda-green-lights-marijuana-based-pharmaceutical-drug","authors":["byline_futureofyou_443040"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1562","futureofyou_952","futureofyou_1563","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_1041","futureofyou_1056"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_443041","label":"source_futureofyou_443040"},"futureofyou_442779":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_442779","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"442779","score":null,"sort":[1529103606000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fda-clears-1st-generic-film-strip-of-addiction-drug-suboxone","title":"FDA Clears 1st Generic Film Strip of Addiction Drug Suboxone","publishDate":1529103606,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>U.S. regulators have approved the first generic version of an under-the-tongue film for treating opioid addiction.[contextly_sidebar id=\"0aUmI4gi0W92FnpTgKsDzebI0XydwaN6\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration on Thursday approved a generic version of Suboxone, a film strip that dissolves under the tongue. Used daily, it reduces withdrawal symptoms, cravings for opioids and the high from abusing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medication combines buprenorphine and naloxone. It’s used along with counseling and other behavioral therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The generic version will be sold by partners Mylan N.V. and Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories SA. They didn’t immediately respond to questions about when their version will be available or what it will cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brand-name Suboxone film costs about $200 a month without insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA said the approval was aimed at making the treatment available to more people.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"When used daily, the treatment reduces withdrawal symptoms, cravings for opioids and the high from abusing them.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1529103281,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":141},"headData":{"title":"FDA Clears 1st Generic Film Strip of Addiction Drug Suboxone | KQED","description":"When used daily, the treatment reduces withdrawal symptoms, cravings for opioids and the high from abusing them.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"FDA Clears 1st Generic Film Strip of Addiction Drug Suboxone","datePublished":"2018-06-15T23:00:06.000Z","dateModified":"2018-06-15T22:54:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"442779 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=442779","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/06/15/fda-clears-1st-generic-film-strip-of-addiction-drug-suboxone/","disqusTitle":"FDA Clears 1st Generic Film Strip of Addiction Drug Suboxone","source":"Health","nprByline":"Linda A. Johnson\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/442779/fda-clears-1st-generic-film-strip-of-addiction-drug-suboxone","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. regulators have approved the first generic version of an under-the-tongue film for treating opioid addiction.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration on Thursday approved a generic version of Suboxone, a film strip that dissolves under the tongue. Used daily, it reduces withdrawal symptoms, cravings for opioids and the high from abusing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medication combines buprenorphine and naloxone. It’s used along with counseling and other behavioral therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The generic version will be sold by partners Mylan N.V. and Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories SA. They didn’t immediately respond to questions about when their version will be available or what it will cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brand-name Suboxone film costs about $200 a month without insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA said the approval was aimed at making the treatment available to more people.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/442779/fda-clears-1st-generic-film-strip-of-addiction-drug-suboxone","authors":["byline_futureofyou_442779"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_828","futureofyou_952","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_938","futureofyou_381"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_442781","label":"source_futureofyou_442779"},"futureofyou_442006":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_442006","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"442006","score":null,"sort":[1527118729000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fda-warns-teething-medicines-unsafe-wants-them-off-shelves","title":"FDA Warns Teething Medicines Unsafe, Wants Them Off Shelves","publishDate":1527118729,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Federal health officials warned parents Wednesday about the dangers of teething remedies that contain a popular numbing ingredient and asked manufacturers to stop selling their products intended for babies and toddlers.[contextly_sidebar id=\"yOpMR4Y3l8MUiZjv3cWS09VZIo7nESyv\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration said that various gels and creams containing the drug benzocaine can cause rare but deadly side effects in children, especially those 2 years and younger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has been warning about the products for a decade but said reports of illnesses and deaths have continued. Now, it wants teething products off the market, noting there is little evidence they actually work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We urge parents, caregivers and retailers who sell them to heed our warnings and not use over-the-counter products containing benzocaine for teething pain,” said FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One major manufacturer, Church and Dwight Co. Inc., said Wednesday it would discontinue its four Orajel teething brands, including Baby Orajel and Orajel Medicated Teething Swabs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA said it will take legal action against other companies that don’t voluntarily comply as soon as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benzocaine is also used in popular over-the-counter products for toothaches and cold sores in adults, including Orajel and Anbesol and generic drugstore brands. Products for adults can remain on the market but the FDA wants companies to add new warnings. Church and Dwight will continue to sell its other Orajel products, the company said in a statement.[contextly_sidebar id=\"XUJmaqz7WTZ9cneieVB4neXbhhRthxfB\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benzocaine can cause a rare blood condition linked to potentially deadly breathing problems. The pain-relieving ingredient can interfere with an oxygen-carrying protein in the blood. Symptoms include shortness of breath, headache and rapid heart rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend teething creams because they usually wash out of the baby’s mouth within minutes. Instead, the group recommends giving babies teething rings or simply massaging their gums to relieve pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA issued warnings about the teething products in 2006, 2011 and 2014, but it did not call for their removal from the market. Officials reviewed 119 cases of the blood disorder linked to benzocaine between 2009 and 2017, including four deaths, according to the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday’s action comes more than four years after the consumer advocacy group Public Citizen petitioned the FDA to stop sales of teething products. The agency faced a deadline next week after Public Citizen sued the FDA to force a response to the petition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The FDA says it will take legal action against companies that don’t voluntarily comply with the ban against teething remedies that contain benzocaine, a popular numbing ingredient.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1527118799,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":445},"headData":{"title":"FDA Warns Teething Medicines Unsafe, Wants Them Off Shelves | KQED","description":"The FDA says it will take legal action against companies that don’t voluntarily comply with the ban against teething remedies that contain benzocaine, a popular numbing ingredient.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"FDA Warns Teething Medicines Unsafe, Wants Them Off Shelves","datePublished":"2018-05-23T23:38:49.000Z","dateModified":"2018-05-23T23:39:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"442006 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=442006","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/05/23/fda-warns-teething-medicines-unsafe-wants-them-off-shelves/","disqusTitle":"FDA Warns Teething Medicines Unsafe, Wants Them Off Shelves","source":"Health","nprByline":"Matthew Perrone\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/442006/fda-warns-teething-medicines-unsafe-wants-them-off-shelves","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal health officials warned parents Wednesday about the dangers of teething remedies that contain a popular numbing ingredient and asked manufacturers to stop selling their products intended for babies and toddlers.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration said that various gels and creams containing the drug benzocaine can cause rare but deadly side effects in children, especially those 2 years and younger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has been warning about the products for a decade but said reports of illnesses and deaths have continued. Now, it wants teething products off the market, noting there is little evidence they actually work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We urge parents, caregivers and retailers who sell them to heed our warnings and not use over-the-counter products containing benzocaine for teething pain,” said FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One major manufacturer, Church and Dwight Co. Inc., said Wednesday it would discontinue its four Orajel teething brands, including Baby Orajel and Orajel Medicated Teething Swabs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA said it will take legal action against other companies that don’t voluntarily comply as soon as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benzocaine is also used in popular over-the-counter products for toothaches and cold sores in adults, including Orajel and Anbesol and generic drugstore brands. Products for adults can remain on the market but the FDA wants companies to add new warnings. Church and Dwight will continue to sell its other Orajel products, the company said in a statement.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benzocaine can cause a rare blood condition linked to potentially deadly breathing problems. The pain-relieving ingredient can interfere with an oxygen-carrying protein in the blood. Symptoms include shortness of breath, headache and rapid heart rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend teething creams because they usually wash out of the baby’s mouth within minutes. Instead, the group recommends giving babies teething rings or simply massaging their gums to relieve pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA issued warnings about the teething products in 2006, 2011 and 2014, but it did not call for their removal from the market. Officials reviewed 119 cases of the blood disorder linked to benzocaine between 2009 and 2017, including four deaths, according to the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday’s action comes more than four years after the consumer advocacy group Public Citizen petitioned the FDA to stop sales of teething products. The agency faced a deadline next week after Public Citizen sued the FDA to force a response to the petition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/442006/fda-warns-teething-medicines-unsafe-wants-them-off-shelves","authors":["byline_futureofyou_442006"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_221","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_61"],"featImg":"futureofyou_442009","label":"source_futureofyou_442006"},"futureofyou_441697":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_441697","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"441697","score":null,"sort":[1526677236000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"new-type-of-drug-to-prevent-migraines-heads-to-market","title":"New Type Of Drug To Prevent Migraines Heads To Market","publishDate":1526677236,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration has approved a first-of-its-kind drug that reduces the number of migraines among people prone to these sometimes crippling headaches.[contextly_sidebar id=\"eVSpdADwfHP9wNaEEpapPJOooMFjlmTD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's welcome news to some of the millions of Americans who suffer from these \u003ca href=\"https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Migraine-Information-Page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">potentially debilitating headaches\u003c/a>. Much more common in women than men, these throbbing headaches can also come with nausea, visual disturbances and sensitivity to light. People who suffer them frequently sometimes find themselves anxious, depressed and even disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the drugs on the market today are used to control the symptoms of migraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new drug, Aimovig was \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm608120.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved by the FDA on Thursday\u003c/a>. It's the first medicine in a new class that's designed to reduce the number of migraines among people who suffer them frequently. The medicine, known generically as erenumab-aooe, is being sold by Amgen in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aimovig and several other migraine drugs in development are based on research begun in the 1980s. Scientists found people having migraine attacks have high levels of something called \"calcitonin gene–related peptide,\" or CGRP, in their blood, as Lauren Gravitz \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/02/03/581092093/gone-with-a-shot-hopeful-new-signs-of-relief-for-migraine-sufferers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported for Shots in February\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the peptide was injected in people prone to migraines, it triggered headaches. People not prone to migraines were unaffected by the peptide injections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this insight in hand, drugmakers worked to make antibodies to block the peptide's activity inside the body as a way to prevent migraines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1705848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of the large studies\u003c/a> that set the stage for FDA approval of Aimovig, the number of migraines per month dropped from eight to fewer than five, on average. Patients taking dummy \"placebo\" shots also had fewer migraines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients in Aimovig studies reported generally mild side effects, though any long-term or rarer risks from Aimovig could come to light only over time.[contextly_sidebar id=\"qA38kZhQPznYkiyYxVV7PlTRdiD9ko0z\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People inject the drug themselves using a pen-like device, like those used for insulin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aimovig is an expensive type of medication called a monoclonal antibody. Antibodies are produced in living cells rather than in a chemical laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugmaker \u003ca href=\"https://www.amgen.com/media/news-releases/2018/05/fda-approves-aimovig-erenumabaooe-a-novel-treatment-developed-specifically-for-migraine-prevention/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amgen says is has set the list price\u003c/a> at $6,900 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some analysts had expected the initial price of this drug to be set substantially higher – at $10,000 a year or more. But high prices have recently been generating political backlash, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/10/28/cholesterol-drug-failure/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some expensive drugs have fizzled\u003c/a> after insurance companies sharply limited which patients they would cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the new migraine drug, those questions will come to the fore quickly, as Amgen says it's ready to put the drug on the market within a week, and has programs in place to help ease the cost to some patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=New+Type+Of+Drug+To+Prevent+Migraines+Heads+To+Market&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An antibody-based drug reduces the frequency of migraine headaches, according to data reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration. The agency approved Aimovig, priced at about $6,900 a year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1526666631,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":466},"headData":{"title":"New Type Of Drug To Prevent Migraines Heads To Market | KQED","description":"An antibody-based drug reduces the frequency of migraine headaches, according to data reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration. The agency approved Aimovig, priced at about $6,900 a year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"New Type Of Drug To Prevent Migraines Heads To Market","datePublished":"2018-05-18T21:00:36.000Z","dateModified":"2018-05-18T18:03:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"441697 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=441697","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/05/18/new-type-of-drug-to-prevent-migraines-heads-to-market/","disqusTitle":"New Type Of Drug To Prevent Migraines Heads To Market","source":"Health","nprByline":"Richard Harris, NPR","nprStoryId":"612296263","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=612296263&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/05/18/612296263/new-type-of-drug-to-prevent-migraines-heads-to-market?ft=nprml&f=612296263","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 18 May 2018 13:21:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 18 May 2018 11:09:05 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 18 May 2018 13:21:50 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/441697/new-type-of-drug-to-prevent-migraines-heads-to-market","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration has approved a first-of-its-kind drug that reduces the number of migraines among people prone to these sometimes crippling headaches.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's welcome news to some of the millions of Americans who suffer from these \u003ca href=\"https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Migraine-Information-Page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">potentially debilitating headaches\u003c/a>. Much more common in women than men, these throbbing headaches can also come with nausea, visual disturbances and sensitivity to light. People who suffer them frequently sometimes find themselves anxious, depressed and even disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the drugs on the market today are used to control the symptoms of migraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new drug, Aimovig was \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm608120.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved by the FDA on Thursday\u003c/a>. It's the first medicine in a new class that's designed to reduce the number of migraines among people who suffer them frequently. The medicine, known generically as erenumab-aooe, is being sold by Amgen in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aimovig and several other migraine drugs in development are based on research begun in the 1980s. Scientists found people having migraine attacks have high levels of something called \"calcitonin gene–related peptide,\" or CGRP, in their blood, as Lauren Gravitz \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/02/03/581092093/gone-with-a-shot-hopeful-new-signs-of-relief-for-migraine-sufferers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported for Shots in February\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the peptide was injected in people prone to migraines, it triggered headaches. People not prone to migraines were unaffected by the peptide injections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this insight in hand, drugmakers worked to make antibodies to block the peptide's activity inside the body as a way to prevent migraines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1705848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of the large studies\u003c/a> that set the stage for FDA approval of Aimovig, the number of migraines per month dropped from eight to fewer than five, on average. Patients taking dummy \"placebo\" shots also had fewer migraines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients in Aimovig studies reported generally mild side effects, though any long-term or rarer risks from Aimovig could come to light only over time.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People inject the drug themselves using a pen-like device, like those used for insulin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aimovig is an expensive type of medication called a monoclonal antibody. Antibodies are produced in living cells rather than in a chemical laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugmaker \u003ca href=\"https://www.amgen.com/media/news-releases/2018/05/fda-approves-aimovig-erenumabaooe-a-novel-treatment-developed-specifically-for-migraine-prevention/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amgen says is has set the list price\u003c/a> at $6,900 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some analysts had expected the initial price of this drug to be set substantially higher – at $10,000 a year or more. But high prices have recently been generating political backlash, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/10/28/cholesterol-drug-failure/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some expensive drugs have fizzled\u003c/a> after insurance companies sharply limited which patients they would cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the new migraine drug, those questions will come to the fore quickly, as Amgen says it's ready to put the drug on the market within a week, and has programs in place to help ease the cost to some patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=New+Type+Of+Drug+To+Prevent+Migraines+Heads+To+Market&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/441697/new-type-of-drug-to-prevent-migraines-heads-to-market","authors":["byline_futureofyou_441697"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_952","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_1056","futureofyou_1407"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_441701","label":"source_futureofyou_441697"},"futureofyou_441680":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_441680","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"441680","score":null,"sort":[1526664113000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"diet-soda-may-be-hurting-your-diet","title":"Mounting Evidence Shows Diet Soda May Be Hurting Your Diet — Here's How","publishDate":1526664113,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Artificial sweeteners are everywhere, but the jury is still out on whether these chemicals are harmless. Also called non-nutritive sweeteners, these can be synthetic – such as saccharin and aspartame – or naturally derived, such as steviol, which comes from the Stevia plant. To date, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm397725.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">six types of artificial and two types of natural non-nutritive sweeteners\u003c/a> for use in food.[contextly_sidebar id=\"9cHOWFJBVWEQQfvraluyBJ45Elnnkn5i\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been great news for those working hard to curb their sugar consumption. \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.030833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aspartame\u003c/a>, for example, is found in more than 6,000 foods worldwide, and about 5,000-5,500 tons are consumed every year in the United States alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Diabetes Association – the most well-respected professional group focusing on diabetes – \u003ca href=\"http://www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/food/what-can-i-eat/making-healthy-food-choices/what-can-i-drink.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">officially recommends diet soda as an alternative\u003c/a> to sugar-sweetened beverages. To date, seven U.S. municipalities have imposed a sugary beverage tax to discourage consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, recent medical studies suggest that policymakers eager to implement a soda tax may also want to include diet drinks because these sweeteners may be contributing to chronic diabetes and cardiovascular diseases as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Are These Sweeteners Calorie-Free?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key to these virtually calorie-free sweeteners is that they are not broken down during digestion into natural sugars like glucose, fructose and galactose, which are then either used for energy or converted into fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-nutritive sweeteners have different byproducts that are not converted into calories. Aspartame, for example, undergoes a different metabolic process that doesn’t yield simple sugars. Others such as saccharin and sucralose are not broken down at all, but instead are absorbed directly into the bloodstream and excreted in the urine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theoretically, these sweeteners should be a “better” choice than sugar for diabetics. Glucose stimulates release of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body no longer responds as well to insulin as it should, leading to higher levels of glucose in the blood that damages the nerves, kidneys, blood vessels and heart. Since non-nutritive sweeteners aren’t actually sugar, they should sidestep this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Artificial Sweeteners, Your Brain and Your Microbiome\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there is growing evidence over the last decade that these sweeteners can alter healthy metabolic processes in other ways, specifically in the gut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term use of these sweeteners has \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1799\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">been associated with a higher risk of Type 2 diabetes\u003c/a>. Sweeteners, such as saccharin, have been shown to \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/nature13793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">change the type and function of the gut microbiome\u003c/a>, the community of microorganisms that live in the intestine. Aspartame \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decreases the activity of a gut enzyme\u003c/a> that is normally protective against Type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, this response may be exacerbated by the “mismatch” between the body perceiving something as tasting sweet and the expected associated calories. The greater the discrepancy between the sweetness and actual caloric content, the \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">greater the metabolic dysregulation\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=\"1WiRRvjeXSgRFmENuLBZhCvtglNEvId8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeteners have also been shown to change brain activity associated with eating sweet foods. A functional MRI exam, which studies brain activity by measuring blood flow, has shown that sucralose, compared to regular sugar, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.12.001\">decreases activity in the amygdala\u003c/a>, a part of the brain involved with taste perception and the experience of eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study revealed that longer-term and higher diet soda consumption are linked to \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.05.006\">lower activity in the brain’s “caudate head,”\u003c/a> a region that mediates the reward pathway and is necessary for generating a feeling of satisfaction. Researchers have hypothesized that this decreased activity could lead a diet soda drinker to compensate for the lack of pleasure they now derive from the food by increasing their consumption of all foods, not just soda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together these cellular and brain studies may explain why people who consume sweeteners still have a \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167241\">higher risk of obesity\u003c/a> than individuals who don’t consume these products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.161390\">As this debate on the pros and cons of these sugar substitutes rages on\u003c/a>, we must view these behavioral studies with a grain of salt (or sugar) because many diet soda drinkers – or any health-conscious individual who consumes zero-calorie sweeteners – already has the risk factors for obesity, diabetes, hypertension or heart disease. Those who are already overweight or obese may turn toward low-calorie drinks, making it look as though the diet sodas are causing their weight gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This same group may also be less likely to moderate their consumption. For example, those people may think that having a diet soda multiple times a week is much healthier than drinking one case of soda with sugar.[contextly_sidebar id=\"nPADPRMuF9gHM8AprlV1Wgo1Jciefs8f\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These findings signal that consumers and health practitioners all need to check our assumptions about the health benefits of these products. Sweeteners are everywhere, from beverages to salad dressing, from cookies to yogurt, and we must recognize that there is no guarantee that these chemicals won’t increase the burden of metabolic diseases in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a physician of internal medicine specializing in general prevention and public health, I would like to be able to tell my patients what the true risks and benefits are if they drink diet soda instead of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators considering soda taxes to encourage better dietary habits perhaps should think about including foods with non-nutritive sweeteners. Of course, there is an argument to be made for being realistic and pursuing the lesser of two evils. But even if the negative consequences of sugar substitutes doesn’t sway our tax policy – for now – at least the medical community should be honest with the public about what they stand to lose or gain, consuming these foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"fn author-name\">Eunice Zhang is a c\u003c/span>linical fellow of preventive medicine at the University of Michigan. This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/diet-soda-may-be-hurting-your-diet-96181\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There is growing evidence that artificial sweeteners can alter healthy metabolic processes, specifically in the gut.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1526664530,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":993},"headData":{"title":"Mounting Evidence Shows Diet Soda May Be Hurting Your Diet — Here's How | KQED","description":"There is growing evidence that artificial sweeteners can alter healthy metabolic processes, specifically in the gut.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Mounting Evidence Shows Diet Soda May Be Hurting Your Diet — Here's How","datePublished":"2018-05-18T17:21:53.000Z","dateModified":"2018-05-18T17:28:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"441680 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=441680","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/05/18/diet-soda-may-be-hurting-your-diet/","disqusTitle":"Mounting Evidence Shows Diet Soda May Be Hurting Your Diet — Here's How","source":"Health","nprByline":"Eunice Zhang, University of Michigan, For\u003cbr />The Conversation\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/91452/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" />","path":"/futureofyou/441680/diet-soda-may-be-hurting-your-diet","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Artificial sweeteners are everywhere, but the jury is still out on whether these chemicals are harmless. Also called non-nutritive sweeteners, these can be synthetic – such as saccharin and aspartame – or naturally derived, such as steviol, which comes from the Stevia plant. To date, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm397725.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">six types of artificial and two types of natural non-nutritive sweeteners\u003c/a> for use in food.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been great news for those working hard to curb their sugar consumption. \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.030833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aspartame\u003c/a>, for example, is found in more than 6,000 foods worldwide, and about 5,000-5,500 tons are consumed every year in the United States alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Diabetes Association – the most well-respected professional group focusing on diabetes – \u003ca href=\"http://www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/food/what-can-i-eat/making-healthy-food-choices/what-can-i-drink.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">officially recommends diet soda as an alternative\u003c/a> to sugar-sweetened beverages. To date, seven U.S. municipalities have imposed a sugary beverage tax to discourage consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, recent medical studies suggest that policymakers eager to implement a soda tax may also want to include diet drinks because these sweeteners may be contributing to chronic diabetes and cardiovascular diseases as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Are These Sweeteners Calorie-Free?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key to these virtually calorie-free sweeteners is that they are not broken down during digestion into natural sugars like glucose, fructose and galactose, which are then either used for energy or converted into fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-nutritive sweeteners have different byproducts that are not converted into calories. Aspartame, for example, undergoes a different metabolic process that doesn’t yield simple sugars. Others such as saccharin and sucralose are not broken down at all, but instead are absorbed directly into the bloodstream and excreted in the urine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theoretically, these sweeteners should be a “better” choice than sugar for diabetics. Glucose stimulates release of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body no longer responds as well to insulin as it should, leading to higher levels of glucose in the blood that damages the nerves, kidneys, blood vessels and heart. Since non-nutritive sweeteners aren’t actually sugar, they should sidestep this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Artificial Sweeteners, Your Brain and Your Microbiome\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there is growing evidence over the last decade that these sweeteners can alter healthy metabolic processes in other ways, specifically in the gut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term use of these sweeteners has \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1799\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">been associated with a higher risk of Type 2 diabetes\u003c/a>. Sweeteners, such as saccharin, have been shown to \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/nature13793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">change the type and function of the gut microbiome\u003c/a>, the community of microorganisms that live in the intestine. Aspartame \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decreases the activity of a gut enzyme\u003c/a> that is normally protective against Type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, this response may be exacerbated by the “mismatch” between the body perceiving something as tasting sweet and the expected associated calories. The greater the discrepancy between the sweetness and actual caloric content, the \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">greater the metabolic dysregulation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeteners have also been shown to change brain activity associated with eating sweet foods. A functional MRI exam, which studies brain activity by measuring blood flow, has shown that sucralose, compared to regular sugar, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.12.001\">decreases activity in the amygdala\u003c/a>, a part of the brain involved with taste perception and the experience of eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study revealed that longer-term and higher diet soda consumption are linked to \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.05.006\">lower activity in the brain’s “caudate head,”\u003c/a> a region that mediates the reward pathway and is necessary for generating a feeling of satisfaction. Researchers have hypothesized that this decreased activity could lead a diet soda drinker to compensate for the lack of pleasure they now derive from the food by increasing their consumption of all foods, not just soda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together these cellular and brain studies may explain why people who consume sweeteners still have a \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167241\">higher risk of obesity\u003c/a> than individuals who don’t consume these products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.161390\">As this debate on the pros and cons of these sugar substitutes rages on\u003c/a>, we must view these behavioral studies with a grain of salt (or sugar) because many diet soda drinkers – or any health-conscious individual who consumes zero-calorie sweeteners – already has the risk factors for obesity, diabetes, hypertension or heart disease. Those who are already overweight or obese may turn toward low-calorie drinks, making it look as though the diet sodas are causing their weight gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This same group may also be less likely to moderate their consumption. For example, those people may think that having a diet soda multiple times a week is much healthier than drinking one case of soda with sugar.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These findings signal that consumers and health practitioners all need to check our assumptions about the health benefits of these products. Sweeteners are everywhere, from beverages to salad dressing, from cookies to yogurt, and we must recognize that there is no guarantee that these chemicals won’t increase the burden of metabolic diseases in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a physician of internal medicine specializing in general prevention and public health, I would like to be able to tell my patients what the true risks and benefits are if they drink diet soda instead of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators considering soda taxes to encourage better dietary habits perhaps should think about including foods with non-nutritive sweeteners. Of course, there is an argument to be made for being realistic and pursuing the lesser of two evils. But even if the negative consequences of sugar substitutes doesn’t sway our tax policy – for now – at least the medical community should be honest with the public about what they stand to lose or gain, consuming these foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"fn author-name\">Eunice Zhang is a c\u003c/span>linical fellow of preventive medicine at the University of Michigan. This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/diet-soda-may-be-hurting-your-diet-96181\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/441680/diet-soda-may-be-hurting-your-diet","authors":["byline_futureofyou_441680"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_312","futureofyou_309","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_1071"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_441686","label":"source_futureofyou_441680"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. 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