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"content": "\u003cp>A piece of thousand-year-old parchment is finally giving up its secrets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a major breakthrough this week, researchers at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11978051/unraveling-the-mysteries-of-the-universe-inside-slac\">SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory\u003c/a> in Menlo Park used X-ray beams to uncover a long-lost map of the universe — the latest in a decade-long effort to recover the work of Hipparchus, the second-century B.C. mathematician, known as the father of astronomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ancient astronomer’s star coordinates, which represent the oldest-known attempt to catalog the entire night sky, were thought to be lost for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as of Tuesday, scientists with the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource — a research facility dedicated to studying the world at the atomic level — have begun looking for answers in an unlikely place: under the layers of a medieval religious text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is to recover as many of these coordinates as possible,” said Victor Gysembergh, the lead scholar on the experiment. “And this will help us answer some of the biggest questions on the birth of science.” Why did they start doing science 2,000 and more years ago? How did they get so good at it so fast? Because the coordinates we are finding are incredibly accurate for something that is done with the naked eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1944px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12070809\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo1AliAhmad.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1944\" height=\"1458\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo1AliAhmad.jpg 1944w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo1AliAhmad-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo1AliAhmad-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1944px) 100vw, 1944px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dual monitors at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory show early results from a scan of the Codex Climaci Rescriptus on Wednesday, Jan. 21, 2026. The screen on the left displays hidden ancient Greek lettering from a star catalog in the bottom corner with religious overtext appearing above, while the screen on the right shows the physical parchment as it appears to the naked eye. \u003ccite>(Ayah Ali-Ahmad/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The manuscript, known as the Codex Climaci Rescriptus, is a palimpsest, or a page in which text has been scraped off or overwritten, according to Brian Hyland, senior curator at the Museum of the Bible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parchment was incredibly expensive in the Middle Ages — one book could require a whole herd of sheep — so monks at Saint Catherine’s Monastery, the world’s oldest continuously inhabited Christian monastery located in the Sinai Desert in Egypt, often recycled materials.[aside postID=science_1999837 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/01/CalacademyDiscovery.jpg']The monks soaked the animal-skin parchments in milk or lemon juice, scraped them with pumice stones and sprinkled them with flour to create a fresh surface for new writing, according to Uwe Bergmann, a visiting professor of X-ray science at SLAC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, the original Greek astronomical notes were erased to make way for a Syriac translation of works by St. John Climacus, a 6th-7th century monk. While the religious text is easily visible to the naked eye, the ancient coordinates for the stars and notes on Hipparchus’ work remained a series of invisible smudges for centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Tuesday, the team at SLAC began scanning 11 pages of the manuscript provided by the Museum of the Bible. By Wednesday morning, the monitors were showing line after line of ancient Greek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process relies on the specific chemistry of the inks used across different eras, physics Ph.D. student Minhal Gardezi said. The top layer of ink used by the monks is rich in iron, while the underlying Greek text contains a strong calcium signal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By tuning the X-ray beam, researchers can create elemental maps that separate the layers. This allows them to effectively “see” the underlying layer — without the top layer obscuring the view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1987px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12070811\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo4AliAhmad.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1987\" height=\"1490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo4AliAhmad.jpg 1987w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo4AliAhmad-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo4AliAhmad-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1987px) 100vw, 1987px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elizabeth Hayslett, a conservator from the Museum of the Bible, demonstrates the custom matting and frames used to keep 11 ancient parchment pages flat during high-speed X-ray scanning at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in Menlo Park on Jan. 21, 2026. \u003ccite>(Ayah Ali-Ahmad/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By Wednesday morning, the team had already identified the word for “Aquarius” and descriptions of “bright” stars within that constellation, Gysembergh said. The researcher said he’s been waiting four years for this experiment, which followed his earlier publications on the manuscript.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am at the peak of my excitement right now … because of this new scan that we started, line after line of text showing up in ancient Greek from the astronomical manuscript,” Gysembergh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While multispectral imaging had previously revealed some fragments, the X-ray fluorescence technology at SLAC allows for much higher resolution. Gysembergh and his colleagues can now use these coordinates to answer fundamental questions about how ancient astronomers achieved such high precision without magnifying instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the Greeks knew about our world was unbelievable,” Bergmann said. “Knowing about these great thinkers from ancient Greece, going into the most modern advanced science of today, for me, it has become really, really fascinating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070812\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1980px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12070812\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo8bylab.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1980\" height=\"1357\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo8bylab.jpeg 1980w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo8bylab-160x110.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo8bylab-1536x1053.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1980px) 100vw, 1980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left, conservator Elizabeth Hayslett, scholar Victor Gysembergh and physicist Uwe Bergmann place a manuscript page into a scanning apparatus at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory on Jan. 21, 2026. The interdisciplinary team is collaborating to recover the oldest known numerical catalog of the stars. \u003ccite>(Jacqueline Ramseyer Orrell/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The technical side of the study is a massive interdisciplinary feat, according to Sam Webb, a lead scientist at SLAC. Webb built the instrumentation and experimental hutch that houses the world’s brightest X-rays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process involves a synchrotron, or a particle accelerator, which propels electrons to nearly the speed of light. As these electrons are “wiggled” by magnets, they shed off X-rays that are used to illuminate the manuscript, Bergmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bergmann said that to ensure the safety of the fragile parchment, each 10-millisecond pulse of X-ray light hits a spot the width of a human hair. Bergmann said the team is careful to keep the “dose” of radiation well below a safe limit, much like a medical X-ray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth Hayslett, a conservator from the Museum of the Bible, spent weeks preparing the 11 folios for the journey. The pages traveled in humidity-controlled cases under a strict hand-carry policy to prevent any damage. During the scanning process, the team keeps the lights low in the experimental hutch to prevent further fading of the ink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070813\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1980px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12070813\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo9bylab.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1980\" height=\"1215\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo9bylab.jpeg 1980w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo9bylab-160x98.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo9bylab-1536x943.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1980px) 100vw, 1980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Physicist Uwe Bergmann examines a piece of the Codex Climaci Rescriptus in a darkened hutch at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory on Jan. 21, 2026. Researchers keep ambient light low during the imaging process to protect the fragile parchment and sensitive X-ray equipment. \u003ccite>(Jacqueline Ramseyer Orrell/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These pages are part of a larger 200-page codex. While this specific set of pages is held in Washington, D.C., other parts of the manuscript are scattered globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the excitement of the hunt, the findings carry significant weight for the history of science. According to Gysembergh, historians debated for years whether the Roman astronomer Ptolemy had plagiarized Hipparchus’ star catalog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gysembergh said that by comparing the new data from the SLAC scans with Ptolemy’s preserved records, they can now prove that Ptolemy did not simply copy the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can show that Ptolemy did indeed sometimes use Hipparchus’ data, but he also used other sources. So, that’s not plagiarism. That’s actual science,” Gysembergh said. “That’s what we still do today to combine data sources to get the best data possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith Knox, an imaging scientist with the Early Manuscripts Electronic Library who has worked on similar projects for 30 years, said the goal is to enhance the writing so that scholars can finally read it. Knox previously worked on the famous Archimedes Palimpsest and said that the star-map project is the latest step in a decades-long effort to recover secrets from the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070814\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1980px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12070814\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GettyImages-612208334.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1980\" height=\"1320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GettyImages-612208334.jpg 1980w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GettyImages-612208334-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GettyImages-612208334-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1980px) 100vw, 1980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professor Judson Herrman, with colleagues Roger Easton, William Christens-Barry, and Keith Knox, looking over data from the Archimedes Palimpsest in Baltimore. \u003ccite>(Ken Cedeno via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is just the latest event of working on this one manuscript, trying to recover the secrets of the writing that was erased a long time ago,” Knox said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the X-rays see through both sides of the page simultaneously, Knox and Ph.D. students use advanced data processing to statistically separate the front and back text. On some pages, there may be as many as six layers of ink to untangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can show how useful — and how informative — the science can be, the hope is that then more scholars who might have interesting documents, interesting artifacts, would then come to us and we can learn more about those,” chemistry Ph.D. student Sophia Vogelsang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next phase will involve scholars of ancient Greek, who will painstakingly translate the coordinates and descriptions to fully reconstruct the father of astronomy’s lost catalog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Stanford Scientists Reveal Oldest Map of the Night Sky, Previously Lost to Time | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A piece of thousand-year-old parchment is finally giving up its secrets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a major breakthrough this week, researchers at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11978051/unraveling-the-mysteries-of-the-universe-inside-slac\">SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory\u003c/a> in Menlo Park used X-ray beams to uncover a long-lost map of the universe — the latest in a decade-long effort to recover the work of Hipparchus, the second-century B.C. mathematician, known as the father of astronomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ancient astronomer’s star coordinates, which represent the oldest-known attempt to catalog the entire night sky, were thought to be lost for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as of Tuesday, scientists with the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource — a research facility dedicated to studying the world at the atomic level — have begun looking for answers in an unlikely place: under the layers of a medieval religious text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is to recover as many of these coordinates as possible,” said Victor Gysembergh, the lead scholar on the experiment. “And this will help us answer some of the biggest questions on the birth of science.” Why did they start doing science 2,000 and more years ago? How did they get so good at it so fast? Because the coordinates we are finding are incredibly accurate for something that is done with the naked eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1944px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12070809\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo1AliAhmad.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1944\" height=\"1458\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo1AliAhmad.jpg 1944w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo1AliAhmad-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo1AliAhmad-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1944px) 100vw, 1944px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dual monitors at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory show early results from a scan of the Codex Climaci Rescriptus on Wednesday, Jan. 21, 2026. The screen on the left displays hidden ancient Greek lettering from a star catalog in the bottom corner with religious overtext appearing above, while the screen on the right shows the physical parchment as it appears to the naked eye. \u003ccite>(Ayah Ali-Ahmad/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The manuscript, known as the Codex Climaci Rescriptus, is a palimpsest, or a page in which text has been scraped off or overwritten, according to Brian Hyland, senior curator at the Museum of the Bible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parchment was incredibly expensive in the Middle Ages — one book could require a whole herd of sheep — so monks at Saint Catherine’s Monastery, the world’s oldest continuously inhabited Christian monastery located in the Sinai Desert in Egypt, often recycled materials.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The monks soaked the animal-skin parchments in milk or lemon juice, scraped them with pumice stones and sprinkled them with flour to create a fresh surface for new writing, according to Uwe Bergmann, a visiting professor of X-ray science at SLAC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, the original Greek astronomical notes were erased to make way for a Syriac translation of works by St. John Climacus, a 6th-7th century monk. While the religious text is easily visible to the naked eye, the ancient coordinates for the stars and notes on Hipparchus’ work remained a series of invisible smudges for centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Tuesday, the team at SLAC began scanning 11 pages of the manuscript provided by the Museum of the Bible. By Wednesday morning, the monitors were showing line after line of ancient Greek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process relies on the specific chemistry of the inks used across different eras, physics Ph.D. student Minhal Gardezi said. The top layer of ink used by the monks is rich in iron, while the underlying Greek text contains a strong calcium signal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By tuning the X-ray beam, researchers can create elemental maps that separate the layers. This allows them to effectively “see” the underlying layer — without the top layer obscuring the view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1987px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12070811\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo4AliAhmad.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1987\" height=\"1490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo4AliAhmad.jpg 1987w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo4AliAhmad-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo4AliAhmad-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1987px) 100vw, 1987px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elizabeth Hayslett, a conservator from the Museum of the Bible, demonstrates the custom matting and frames used to keep 11 ancient parchment pages flat during high-speed X-ray scanning at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in Menlo Park on Jan. 21, 2026. \u003ccite>(Ayah Ali-Ahmad/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By Wednesday morning, the team had already identified the word for “Aquarius” and descriptions of “bright” stars within that constellation, Gysembergh said. The researcher said he’s been waiting four years for this experiment, which followed his earlier publications on the manuscript.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am at the peak of my excitement right now … because of this new scan that we started, line after line of text showing up in ancient Greek from the astronomical manuscript,” Gysembergh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While multispectral imaging had previously revealed some fragments, the X-ray fluorescence technology at SLAC allows for much higher resolution. Gysembergh and his colleagues can now use these coordinates to answer fundamental questions about how ancient astronomers achieved such high precision without magnifying instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the Greeks knew about our world was unbelievable,” Bergmann said. “Knowing about these great thinkers from ancient Greece, going into the most modern advanced science of today, for me, it has become really, really fascinating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070812\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1980px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12070812\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo8bylab.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1980\" height=\"1357\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo8bylab.jpeg 1980w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo8bylab-160x110.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo8bylab-1536x1053.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1980px) 100vw, 1980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left, conservator Elizabeth Hayslett, scholar Victor Gysembergh and physicist Uwe Bergmann place a manuscript page into a scanning apparatus at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory on Jan. 21, 2026. The interdisciplinary team is collaborating to recover the oldest known numerical catalog of the stars. \u003ccite>(Jacqueline Ramseyer Orrell/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The technical side of the study is a massive interdisciplinary feat, according to Sam Webb, a lead scientist at SLAC. Webb built the instrumentation and experimental hutch that houses the world’s brightest X-rays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process involves a synchrotron, or a particle accelerator, which propels electrons to nearly the speed of light. As these electrons are “wiggled” by magnets, they shed off X-rays that are used to illuminate the manuscript, Bergmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bergmann said that to ensure the safety of the fragile parchment, each 10-millisecond pulse of X-ray light hits a spot the width of a human hair. Bergmann said the team is careful to keep the “dose” of radiation well below a safe limit, much like a medical X-ray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth Hayslett, a conservator from the Museum of the Bible, spent weeks preparing the 11 folios for the journey. The pages traveled in humidity-controlled cases under a strict hand-carry policy to prevent any damage. During the scanning process, the team keeps the lights low in the experimental hutch to prevent further fading of the ink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070813\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1980px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12070813\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo9bylab.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1980\" height=\"1215\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo9bylab.jpeg 1980w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo9bylab-160x98.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/Photo9bylab-1536x943.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1980px) 100vw, 1980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Physicist Uwe Bergmann examines a piece of the Codex Climaci Rescriptus in a darkened hutch at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory on Jan. 21, 2026. Researchers keep ambient light low during the imaging process to protect the fragile parchment and sensitive X-ray equipment. \u003ccite>(Jacqueline Ramseyer Orrell/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These pages are part of a larger 200-page codex. While this specific set of pages is held in Washington, D.C., other parts of the manuscript are scattered globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the excitement of the hunt, the findings carry significant weight for the history of science. According to Gysembergh, historians debated for years whether the Roman astronomer Ptolemy had plagiarized Hipparchus’ star catalog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gysembergh said that by comparing the new data from the SLAC scans with Ptolemy’s preserved records, they can now prove that Ptolemy did not simply copy the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can show that Ptolemy did indeed sometimes use Hipparchus’ data, but he also used other sources. So, that’s not plagiarism. That’s actual science,” Gysembergh said. “That’s what we still do today to combine data sources to get the best data possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith Knox, an imaging scientist with the Early Manuscripts Electronic Library who has worked on similar projects for 30 years, said the goal is to enhance the writing so that scholars can finally read it. Knox previously worked on the famous Archimedes Palimpsest and said that the star-map project is the latest step in a decades-long effort to recover secrets from the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070814\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1980px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12070814\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GettyImages-612208334.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1980\" height=\"1320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GettyImages-612208334.jpg 1980w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GettyImages-612208334-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GettyImages-612208334-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1980px) 100vw, 1980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professor Judson Herrman, with colleagues Roger Easton, William Christens-Barry, and Keith Knox, looking over data from the Archimedes Palimpsest in Baltimore. \u003ccite>(Ken Cedeno via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is just the latest event of working on this one manuscript, trying to recover the secrets of the writing that was erased a long time ago,” Knox said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the X-rays see through both sides of the page simultaneously, Knox and Ph.D. students use advanced data processing to statistically separate the front and back text. On some pages, there may be as many as six layers of ink to untangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can show how useful — and how informative — the science can be, the hope is that then more scholars who might have interesting documents, interesting artifacts, would then come to us and we can learn more about those,” chemistry Ph.D. student Sophia Vogelsang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next phase will involve scholars of ancient Greek, who will painstakingly translate the coordinates and descriptions to fully reconstruct the father of astronomy’s lost catalog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>This winter, Oakland’s Chabot Space & Science Center is screening three iconic science fiction movies — projected in their 70-foot hilltop planetarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sci-Fi Nights, Chabot’s 18+ film series, will present cult classics \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/sci-fi-night-blade-runner/\">\u003cem>Blade Runner\u003c/em>\u003c/a> (Jan. 23), \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/sci-fi-night-the-fifth-element/\">\u003cem>The Fifth Element\u003c/em>\u003c/a> (Feb. 14) and \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/sci-fi-night-alien/\">\u003cem>Alien\u003c/em>\u003c/a> (March 19) alongside themed cocktails and a nightly raffle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot’s Valentine’s Day planetarium screening of \u003cem>The Fifth Element\u003c/em> will also, apparently, feature a pre-show performance by opera singer Olivia Genevieve in character as “Diva Plavalaguna.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot’s Observation Deck will be open and accessible each of these nights from 7:30 p.m.-10:30 p.m. for the center’s\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/programs/free-telescope-viewings/\"> Free Public Telescope Viewings\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/visit/exhibits/the-nasa-experience/\">The NASA Ames Visitor Center\u003c/a> here — the East Bay outpost of Mountain View’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/ames/\">NASA Ames Research Center \u003c/a>— will also stay open late for movie attendees to explore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnTE2h0ZY74\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 18+ movie program “was born from a desire to offer something fun just for our adult audiences,” said Lillith Era, Chabot’s Lead Public Programs Developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you’re on a date night or out with friends, it’s a unique way to experience these films in our state-of-the-art planetarium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot’s \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/programs/events-listing/\">winter and spring calendar\u003c/a> features more programs for younger visitors, though, from night-sky viewing events and celestial watch parties to photography workshops with guidance on capturing the stars and a rotating schedule of all-ages planetarium shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sci-Fi Nights at Chabot Space & Science Center\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/sci-fi-night-blade-runner/\">Blade Runner\u003c/a>\u003c/em> (1982)\u003cbr>\n7 p.m. on Friday, Jan. 23\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/sci-fi-night-the-fifth-element/\">\u003cem>The Fifth Element\u003c/em>\u003c/a> (1997)\u003cbr>\n7:30 p.m. on Saturday, Feb. 14\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/sci-fi-night-alien/\">Alien\u003c/a>\u003c/em> (1979)\u003cbr>\n7 p.m. on Thursday, March 19\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tickets to all screenings are $15 ($5 for Chabot members). \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/programs/events-listing/\">More details about Chabot’s winter and spring programs can be found on their site. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/carlysevern\">Carly Severn\u003c/a> contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot’s Observation Deck will be open and accessible each of these nights from 7:30 p.m.-10:30 p.m. for the center’s\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/programs/free-telescope-viewings/\"> Free Public Telescope Viewings\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/visit/exhibits/the-nasa-experience/\">The NASA Ames Visitor Center\u003c/a> here — the East Bay outpost of Mountain View’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/ames/\">NASA Ames Research Center \u003c/a>— will also stay open late for movie attendees to explore.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XnTE2h0ZY74'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XnTE2h0ZY74'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The 18+ movie program “was born from a desire to offer something fun just for our adult audiences,” said Lillith Era, Chabot’s Lead Public Programs Developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you’re on a date night or out with friends, it’s a unique way to experience these films in our state-of-the-art planetarium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot’s \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/programs/events-listing/\">winter and spring calendar\u003c/a> features more programs for younger visitors, though, from night-sky viewing events and celestial watch parties to photography workshops with guidance on capturing the stars and a rotating schedule of all-ages planetarium shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sci-Fi Nights at Chabot Space & Science Center\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/sci-fi-night-blade-runner/\">Blade Runner\u003c/a>\u003c/em> (1982)\u003cbr>\n7 p.m. on Friday, Jan. 23\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/sci-fi-night-the-fifth-element/\">\u003cem>The Fifth Element\u003c/em>\u003c/a> (1997)\u003cbr>\n7:30 p.m. on Saturday, Feb. 14\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/sci-fi-night-alien/\">Alien\u003c/a>\u003c/em> (1979)\u003cbr>\n7 p.m. on Thursday, March 19\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tickets to all screenings are $15 ($5 for Chabot members). \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/programs/events-listing/\">More details about Chabot’s winter and spring programs can be found on their site. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/carlysevern\">Carly Severn\u003c/a> contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Historic Lick Observatory Faces Long Road to Recovery After Christmas Storm",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Christmas storm that pummeled the Bay Area also badly damaged the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1997157/this-south-bay-observatory-has-been-watching-the-stars-for-over-a-century\">South Bay’s Lick Observatory\u003c/a>, causing the worst destruction the beloved scientific institution has experienced in more than a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The powerful winter storm tore across Mount Hamilton in the early hours of Dec. 25, with steady winds reaching 100 mph and gusting up to 114 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/gifts/update-on-storm-damage-at-lick-observatory/\">force ripped half the shutter off\u003c/a> the dome of \u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/explore/36-inch-lick-refractor/\">Lick Observatory’s Great Refractor\u003c/a> — a 140-year-old telescope that was once the most powerful in the world and remains the heart of the observatory’s public outreach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 2- to 3-ton metal shutter was torn free, it crashed onto the roof of the main building, crushing support beams and leaving the telescope’s precision lenses and electrical systems exposed to rain and wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce Macintosh, director of the University of California Observatories, said that the impact was so intense it registered on the observatory’s seismograph, allowing staff to pinpoint the exact moment the shutter fell: 3:16 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, no one was hurt. Many staff who live on the mountain were off duty, and the building was empty at the time. While the historic refractor appears structurally intact, heavy rain pelted it for hours before crews could put emergency protections in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1999757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1999757\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/01/Lick-damage-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/01/Lick-damage-3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/01/Lick-damage-3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/01/Lick-damage-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/01/Lick-damage-3-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The force ripped half the shutter off the dome of Lick Observatory’s Great Refractor — a 140-year-old telescope that was once the most powerful in the world. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of University of California Observatories)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The storm did not affect Lick’s research telescopes, located about a mile away on the other side of the mountain, and scientists were able to resume observations within days. But the damage effectively shut down the observatory’s public education and outreach programs, a core part of Lick’s mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the storm’s aftermath, staff moved quickly despite dangerous conditions, Macintosh said, describing their response as “heroic.” The observatory’s new superintendent, Jamie Erickson, who lives on Mount Hamilton with his family, joined other staff members Christmas morning to wrap the telescope in plastic tarp and shovel water out of the dome. Their efforts limited further damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winds subsided by Dec. 27, the observatory brought in a crane to remove the fallen shutter. Contractors patched holes in the roof of the main building. They constructed a temporary wooden-and-plastic structure inside the dome to divert rainwater from the historic wooden floor below. The next critical step — sealing the open gap in the dome — has not yet been completed and will require several consecutive days without rain or high winds.[aside postID=science_1999608 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/bristlecone-pine-cone-juvenile-1440x810.jpg']The road to recovery remains uncertain. “We don’t know if the piece that landed on the roof is bent too badly to be reused,” Macintosh said. If a new shutter must be built, repairs could take nine months or more, likely extending into next summer. Insurance will cover part of the cost, but the observatory is also seeking donations and volunteer support to help sustain programs and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Restoring the dome will be a long process, measured in months, not weeks. But we know why this work matters, and we are committed to bringing people back to the experience of awe that the Great Refractor has inspired for generations,” said Matthew Shetone, deputy director of the University of California Observatories, i\u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/gifts/update-on-storm-damage-at-lick-observatory/\">n a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2026 marks the 150th anniversary of Lick Observatory’s founding — a milestone that was supposed to be celebrated with expanded public events. Instead, staff are reimagining outreach through temporary exhibits, portable telescopes and possible programs off the mountain, while continuing to push forward with cutting-edge research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many in the Bay Area, Lick Observatory is deeply treasured. It’s a place where generations have viewed the wonders of the night sky through historic lenses, “something they’ve only ever seen in books before, like moons of Jupiter or the rings of Saturn or clusters of stars,” Macintosh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997154\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 36-inch Great Lick Refractor at the Lick Observatory in Mount Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Community members have flooded the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/search/top?q=lick%20observatory\">observatory’s Facebook page\u003c/a> with memories of star parties, lectures and winter drives up Mount Hamilton. “My family and I have many great memories of looking through the telescopes, lectures and concerts at Lick,” David Woodard wrote. “So sorry this happened. Glad to hear repairs are underway. The observatory is special to so many of us,” wrote another commentator, Michelle Kaye Fitzgerald.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That connection is what makes the damage especially painful for those who work there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sharing the wonders of the universe with the public is really a lot of what keeps us going,” Macintosh said. “The fact that our unique capability to do that has been damaged is just very hard to wake up in the morning and cope with. But we’re going to fix it one way or another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lick Observatory remains closed until further notice. Check their \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/\">\u003cem>website\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for the latest updates.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 2- to 3-ton metal shutter was torn free, it crashed onto the roof of the main building, crushing support beams and leaving the telescope’s precision lenses and electrical systems exposed to rain and wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce Macintosh, director of the University of California Observatories, said that the impact was so intense it registered on the observatory’s seismograph, allowing staff to pinpoint the exact moment the shutter fell: 3:16 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, no one was hurt. Many staff who live on the mountain were off duty, and the building was empty at the time. While the historic refractor appears structurally intact, heavy rain pelted it for hours before crews could put emergency protections in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1999757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1999757\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/01/Lick-damage-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/01/Lick-damage-3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/01/Lick-damage-3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/01/Lick-damage-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/01/Lick-damage-3-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The force ripped half the shutter off the dome of Lick Observatory’s Great Refractor — a 140-year-old telescope that was once the most powerful in the world. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of University of California Observatories)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The storm did not affect Lick’s research telescopes, located about a mile away on the other side of the mountain, and scientists were able to resume observations within days. But the damage effectively shut down the observatory’s public education and outreach programs, a core part of Lick’s mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the storm’s aftermath, staff moved quickly despite dangerous conditions, Macintosh said, describing their response as “heroic.” The observatory’s new superintendent, Jamie Erickson, who lives on Mount Hamilton with his family, joined other staff members Christmas morning to wrap the telescope in plastic tarp and shovel water out of the dome. Their efforts limited further damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winds subsided by Dec. 27, the observatory brought in a crane to remove the fallen shutter. Contractors patched holes in the roof of the main building. They constructed a temporary wooden-and-plastic structure inside the dome to divert rainwater from the historic wooden floor below. The next critical step — sealing the open gap in the dome — has not yet been completed and will require several consecutive days without rain or high winds.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The road to recovery remains uncertain. “We don’t know if the piece that landed on the roof is bent too badly to be reused,” Macintosh said. If a new shutter must be built, repairs could take nine months or more, likely extending into next summer. Insurance will cover part of the cost, but the observatory is also seeking donations and volunteer support to help sustain programs and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Restoring the dome will be a long process, measured in months, not weeks. But we know why this work matters, and we are committed to bringing people back to the experience of awe that the Great Refractor has inspired for generations,” said Matthew Shetone, deputy director of the University of California Observatories, i\u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/gifts/update-on-storm-damage-at-lick-observatory/\">n a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2026 marks the 150th anniversary of Lick Observatory’s founding — a milestone that was supposed to be celebrated with expanded public events. Instead, staff are reimagining outreach through temporary exhibits, portable telescopes and possible programs off the mountain, while continuing to push forward with cutting-edge research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many in the Bay Area, Lick Observatory is deeply treasured. It’s a place where generations have viewed the wonders of the night sky through historic lenses, “something they’ve only ever seen in books before, like moons of Jupiter or the rings of Saturn or clusters of stars,” Macintosh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997154\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 36-inch Great Lick Refractor at the Lick Observatory in Mount Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Community members have flooded the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/search/top?q=lick%20observatory\">observatory’s Facebook page\u003c/a> with memories of star parties, lectures and winter drives up Mount Hamilton. “My family and I have many great memories of looking through the telescopes, lectures and concerts at Lick,” David Woodard wrote. “So sorry this happened. Glad to hear repairs are underway. The observatory is special to so many of us,” wrote another commentator, Michelle Kaye Fitzgerald.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That connection is what makes the damage especially painful for those who work there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sharing the wonders of the universe with the public is really a lot of what keeps us going,” Macintosh said. “The fact that our unique capability to do that has been damaged is just very hard to wake up in the morning and cope with. But we’re going to fix it one way or another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lick Observatory remains closed until further notice. Check their \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/\">\u003cem>website\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for the latest updates.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Meteor Showers, Massive Moons and More: Winter Astronomy Events to Look Up for",
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"content": "\u003cp>A bright full moon. One of the year’s best meteor showers. Even a chance to see \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/jupiter\">Jupiter\u003c/a> at its most striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter 2025–26 will bring a range of exciting space events for skygazers to enjoy, starting this week. Keep reading for what to mark on your calendar as the nights grow long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A full moon at its closest point to Earth\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When to see: Thursday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>December opens this week with a full moon, \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2025/11/29/full-moon-december-2025-exactly-when-to-see-a-cold-supermoon-rise/\">dubbed the “Cold Moon,” \u003c/a>that also happens to be near perigee: the point in the moon’s elliptical orbit when it’s closest to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That proximity on Dec. 4 makes the moon appear slightly larger and brighter. But should we be \u003ca href=\"https://www.popsci.com/science/stargazing-guide-december-2025/\">calling it a “supermoon” too\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1978806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1978806\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Day to night timelapse timeslice San Franciso panorama with full moon\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Day-to-night time-lapse panorama of downtown San Francisco with full moon. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s a very misleading term,” said Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute — one of the astronomers who rolls their eyes at this particular label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is because the average stargazer “cannot tell the difference between full moons that are regular or super: a complaint people sometimes have about cheap burger places, too,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, whatever you want to call this event, this week brings a good excuse to appreciate our nearest celestial neighbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Geminids meteor shower, with a moon-free show\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When to see: Dec. 13–14\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Geminids meteor shower is considered one of the most reliable meteor displays of the year — and sometimes, it’s the most spectacular, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter, conditions are nearly perfect to view the Geminids, since the shower peaks overnight around midnight on Dec. 13 and 14, but the moon won’t rise until around 2 a.m., according to the American Meteor Society. That means the skies will be wonderfully dark during the evening and just past midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951367\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1951367\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Long exposure of the sky taken during a past Geminids meteor shower. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Asim Patel)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Geminids are fragments shed from an asteroid-like object called 3200 Phaeton, which often produces bright, colorful meteors. And with the peak happening on a weekend this year, families can bundle up, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1997977/how-to-see-the-perseid-meteor-shower-in-the-bay-area\">find a dark spot away from city lights\u003c/a> and look up without worrying about school the next morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another reason to stay up for the Geminids: The next major meteor shower, the Quandratids on Jan 3–4, are predicted to be largely washed out by a full moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The winter solstice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When to see: Dec. 21\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This one may be less something to “see,” but the solstice is still a momentous milestone for winter: marking the shortest day and longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2120px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995310\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2120\" height=\"1414\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899.jpg 2120w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2120px) 100vw, 2120px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A teenage girl uses the astronomy telescope to observe the stars on a cold winter night. \u003ccite>(Imgorthand/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Astronomers believe that billions of years ago, Earth collided with a mini planet called Theia, which caused our planet to tilt by 23 degrees — giving our globe its seasons. “The Earth was in a traffic accident and has never been able to straighten out,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Dec. 21, daylight slowly begins its long climb back toward summer — good news for anyone who doesn’t enjoy the deep, dark nights of winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Earth at perihelion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When to see: Jan. 3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Day 3 of 2026, at around 9:15 a.m. PST, our planet will be at “perihelion” — that is, at its closest to the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To many who aren’t on the lookout, the sun may just look the same as any other day. But it will actually appear slightly larger than any other day in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A fun fact: At perihelion, the Earth receives 7% more solar energy than when the planet is at its furthest from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Jupiter at opposition\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When to see: Throughout January 2026\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just after the New Year holidays, Jupiter reaches opposition — the moment when the giant planet sits directly opposite the sun in our sky. As the sun sets, Jupiter rises and stays visible all night long, making the planet exceptionally bright in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995309\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995309\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s Juno mission captured this view of Jupiter’s southern hemisphere during the spacecraft’s 39th close flyby of the planet on Jan. 12, 2022. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since Jupiter reflects sunlight well, “it will be a brilliant point in the sky, easy to find with the naked eye,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with a small telescope, you can even try to spot Jupiter’s moons. “Galileo’s first small telescope revealed four big moons orbiting Jupiter, forever destroying the notion that everything has to go around the Earth,” Fraknoi said. And this winter, these moons will be widely spaced and easy for you to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A bright full moon. One of the year’s best meteor showers. Even a chance to see \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/jupiter\">Jupiter\u003c/a> at its most striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter 2025–26 will bring a range of exciting space events for skygazers to enjoy, starting this week. Keep reading for what to mark on your calendar as the nights grow long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A full moon at its closest point to Earth\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When to see: Thursday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>December opens this week with a full moon, \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2025/11/29/full-moon-december-2025-exactly-when-to-see-a-cold-supermoon-rise/\">dubbed the “Cold Moon,” \u003c/a>that also happens to be near perigee: the point in the moon’s elliptical orbit when it’s closest to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That proximity on Dec. 4 makes the moon appear slightly larger and brighter. But should we be \u003ca href=\"https://www.popsci.com/science/stargazing-guide-december-2025/\">calling it a “supermoon” too\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1978806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1978806\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Day to night timelapse timeslice San Franciso panorama with full moon\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54464_iStock-685789992-qut-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Day-to-night time-lapse panorama of downtown San Francisco with full moon. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s a very misleading term,” said Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute — one of the astronomers who rolls their eyes at this particular label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is because the average stargazer “cannot tell the difference between full moons that are regular or super: a complaint people sometimes have about cheap burger places, too,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, whatever you want to call this event, this week brings a good excuse to appreciate our nearest celestial neighbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Geminids meteor shower, with a moon-free show\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When to see: Dec. 13–14\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Geminids meteor shower is considered one of the most reliable meteor displays of the year — and sometimes, it’s the most spectacular, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter, conditions are nearly perfect to view the Geminids, since the shower peaks overnight around midnight on Dec. 13 and 14, but the moon won’t rise until around 2 a.m., according to the American Meteor Society. That means the skies will be wonderfully dark during the evening and just past midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951367\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1951367\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/AsimPatel-Geminids-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Long exposure of the sky taken during a past Geminids meteor shower. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Asim Patel)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Geminids are fragments shed from an asteroid-like object called 3200 Phaeton, which often produces bright, colorful meteors. And with the peak happening on a weekend this year, families can bundle up, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1997977/how-to-see-the-perseid-meteor-shower-in-the-bay-area\">find a dark spot away from city lights\u003c/a> and look up without worrying about school the next morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another reason to stay up for the Geminids: The next major meteor shower, the Quandratids on Jan 3–4, are predicted to be largely washed out by a full moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The winter solstice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When to see: Dec. 21\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This one may be less something to “see,” but the solstice is still a momentous milestone for winter: marking the shortest day and longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2120px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995310\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2120\" height=\"1414\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899.jpg 2120w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1356507899-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2120px) 100vw, 2120px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A teenage girl uses the astronomy telescope to observe the stars on a cold winter night. \u003ccite>(Imgorthand/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Astronomers believe that billions of years ago, Earth collided with a mini planet called Theia, which caused our planet to tilt by 23 degrees — giving our globe its seasons. “The Earth was in a traffic accident and has never been able to straighten out,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Dec. 21, daylight slowly begins its long climb back toward summer — good news for anyone who doesn’t enjoy the deep, dark nights of winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Earth at perihelion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When to see: Jan. 3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Day 3 of 2026, at around 9:15 a.m. PST, our planet will be at “perihelion” — that is, at its closest to the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To many who aren’t on the lookout, the sun may just look the same as any other day. But it will actually appear slightly larger than any other day in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A fun fact: At perihelion, the Earth receives 7% more solar energy than when the planet is at its furthest from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Jupiter at opposition\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When to see: Throughout January 2026\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just after the New Year holidays, Jupiter reaches opposition — the moment when the giant planet sits directly opposite the sun in our sky. As the sun sets, Jupiter rises and stays visible all night long, making the planet exceptionally bright in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995309\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995309\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s Juno mission captured this view of Jupiter’s southern hemisphere during the spacecraft’s 39th close flyby of the planet on Jan. 12, 2022. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since Jupiter reflects sunlight well, “it will be a brilliant point in the sky, easy to find with the naked eye,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with a small telescope, you can even try to spot Jupiter’s moons. “Galileo’s first small telescope revealed four big moons orbiting Jupiter, forever destroying the notion that everything has to go around the Earth,” Fraknoi said. And this winter, these moons will be widely spaced and easy for you to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/perseids\">Perseids\u003c/a>, one of the most dazzling and reliable meteor showers of the year, are streaking across the Bay Area night sky, and this summer, Venus and Jupiter will join the cosmic show in a rare pre-dawn pairing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meteor shower is active from now until the end of August, and will be at its brightest, producing up to 100 meteors per hour, from Aug. 11 until Aug. 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the shower peaks between August 11 and 13, a bright, nearly full moon will make meteors more challenging to spot; technically, it will be a waning gibbous moon, a lunar phase that follows a full moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The darkest skies will arrive between when the sun sets around 8:15 p.m. and the moon rises a couple of hours later, but meteor activity is relatively low during that window, according to Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your best bet? Aim for the pre-dawn hours after moonset, when the sky begins to darken again, especially between midnight and 5:00 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997984\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997984\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Perseids2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Perseids2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Perseids2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Perseids2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Perseids2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Perseid meteor shower on Aug. 12, 2013. The event occurs every year in August when the Earth passes through the debris and dust of the Swift-Tuttle comet. \u003ccite>(Ye Aung Thu/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It will be a tough year for stargazers,” Fraknoi said. “But even with a bright moon, you might catch a few brilliant meteors, especially after midnight, when activity picks up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the luminous full moon will limit viewing of the meteors during their peak, Fraknoi said it’s still worth trying to observe them. “It’s still possible to see an occasional meteor during the maximum time,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a cosmic bonus, Venus and Jupiter, the two brightest planets in the sky, will appear close together just before dawn on Aug. 12. Look to the eastern sky between 5 and 6 a.m. to catch the planets rise side by side near the horizon, which is called a conjunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where to watch the Perseid meteor shower in the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For meteor spotting, you want to choose a dark location away from city lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are a few popular dark locations for watching meteor showers in the Bay Area:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Henry Coe State Park, South Bay\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tilden Park, East Bay\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sunol Regional Wilderness, East Bay\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Mount Diablo, East Bay\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Skyline Boulevard, Peninsula\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Montara Beach, Peninsula\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pescadero, Peninsula\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Point Reyes National Seashore, North Bay\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bodega Bay, North Bay\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In the North Bay, you can find miles of darkened skies from the rural coast eastward. But note that fog in coastal areas might disrupt your views of the night sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State parks, national forests, and rural areas are also ideal for night sky watching. And if you’re looking to go beyond the Bay Area, popular spots in California include Pinnacles National Park, Joshua Tree National Park, Death Valley National Park, and the Sierra Nevada mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11953853/how-to-find-a-camping-spot-in-california-when-they-always-seem-to-be-fully-booked#walkincampsites\">Read our tips for finding a last-minute camping reservation near the Bay Area.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where to look in the sky to see the Perseid meteor shower\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re heading out to see the meteor shower, be prepared to be outdoors for at least a few hours. Bring a reclining chair or a blanket to lie on for comfort.[aside postID=science_1997579 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1267735347-2000x1125.jpg']Dress warmly as temperatures can drop at night, even in summer. Make sure to check the weather forecast — clear skies are essential for optimal viewing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you’re situated, allow your eyes to adjust to the darkness for about 20–30 minutes and avoid looking at your phone or any other bright lights, as this can reduce night vision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look toward the northeast horizon, where the constellation Perseus will be rising, and enjoy the show.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is a meteor shower?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A meteor shower occurs when Earth passes through a stream of debris left behind by a comet or, in some cases, an asteroid. As Earth moves through the debris, these particles enter our atmosphere at high speeds and burn up, creating striking streaks of light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Perseids are named after the constellation Perseus, the point from which the meteors appear to radiate, and are fragments of the comet Swift-Tuttle. This comet last passed near Earth in 1992 and won’t return until 2126.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/perseids\">Perseids\u003c/a>, one of the most dazzling and reliable meteor showers of the year, are streaking across the Bay Area night sky, and this summer, Venus and Jupiter will join the cosmic show in a rare pre-dawn pairing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meteor shower is active from now until the end of August, and will be at its brightest, producing up to 100 meteors per hour, from Aug. 11 until Aug. 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the shower peaks between August 11 and 13, a bright, nearly full moon will make meteors more challenging to spot; technically, it will be a waning gibbous moon, a lunar phase that follows a full moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The darkest skies will arrive between when the sun sets around 8:15 p.m. and the moon rises a couple of hours later, but meteor activity is relatively low during that window, according to Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your best bet? Aim for the pre-dawn hours after moonset, when the sky begins to darken again, especially between midnight and 5:00 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997984\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997984\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Perseids2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Perseids2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Perseids2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Perseids2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Perseids2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Perseid meteor shower on Aug. 12, 2013. The event occurs every year in August when the Earth passes through the debris and dust of the Swift-Tuttle comet. \u003ccite>(Ye Aung Thu/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It will be a tough year for stargazers,” Fraknoi said. “But even with a bright moon, you might catch a few brilliant meteors, especially after midnight, when activity picks up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the luminous full moon will limit viewing of the meteors during their peak, Fraknoi said it’s still worth trying to observe them. “It’s still possible to see an occasional meteor during the maximum time,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a cosmic bonus, Venus and Jupiter, the two brightest planets in the sky, will appear close together just before dawn on Aug. 12. Look to the eastern sky between 5 and 6 a.m. to catch the planets rise side by side near the horizon, which is called a conjunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where to watch the Perseid meteor shower in the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For meteor spotting, you want to choose a dark location away from city lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are a few popular dark locations for watching meteor showers in the Bay Area:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Henry Coe State Park, South Bay\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tilden Park, East Bay\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sunol Regional Wilderness, East Bay\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Mount Diablo, East Bay\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Skyline Boulevard, Peninsula\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Montara Beach, Peninsula\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pescadero, Peninsula\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Point Reyes National Seashore, North Bay\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bodega Bay, North Bay\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In the North Bay, you can find miles of darkened skies from the rural coast eastward. But note that fog in coastal areas might disrupt your views of the night sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State parks, national forests, and rural areas are also ideal for night sky watching. And if you’re looking to go beyond the Bay Area, popular spots in California include Pinnacles National Park, Joshua Tree National Park, Death Valley National Park, and the Sierra Nevada mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11953853/how-to-find-a-camping-spot-in-california-when-they-always-seem-to-be-fully-booked#walkincampsites\">Read our tips for finding a last-minute camping reservation near the Bay Area.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where to look in the sky to see the Perseid meteor shower\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re heading out to see the meteor shower, be prepared to be outdoors for at least a few hours. Bring a reclining chair or a blanket to lie on for comfort.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Dress warmly as temperatures can drop at night, even in summer. Make sure to check the weather forecast — clear skies are essential for optimal viewing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you’re situated, allow your eyes to adjust to the darkness for about 20–30 minutes and avoid looking at your phone or any other bright lights, as this can reduce night vision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look toward the northeast horizon, where the constellation Perseus will be rising, and enjoy the show.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is a meteor shower?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A meteor shower occurs when Earth passes through a stream of debris left behind by a comet or, in some cases, an asteroid. As Earth moves through the debris, these particles enter our atmosphere at high speeds and burn up, creating striking streaks of light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Perseids are named after the constellation Perseus, the point from which the meteors appear to radiate, and are fragments of the comet Swift-Tuttle. This comet last passed near Earth in 1992 and won’t return until 2126.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On Thursday night into early Friday morning, residents in the Bay Area will be able to witness a spectacular total lunar eclipse — often called a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979293/how-to-see-sundays-blood-moon-total-lunar-eclipse-in-the-bay-area\">blood moon\u003c/a>” due to its deep red hue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#how-to-see-blood-moon\">Jump straight to: What time is the lunar eclipse in the Bay Area tonight?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>This celestial event happens when the Earth moves directly between the sun and the moon, casting a shadow that darkens the moon and turns it into a striking shade of red during totality. And unlike solar eclipses, which require special glasses, you can enjoy the lunar eclipse with the naked eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994403/a-celestial-trifecta-what-to-know-about-tuesdays-lunar-eclipse\">total lunar eclipse was visible\u003c/a> from North America was just two years ago, in November 2022. “These total eclipses of the moon happen much more frequently than the total eclipses of the sun at any given location because you can see the full moon all over part of the Earth,” said Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lunar eclipse is visible to anyone on the night side of Earth. In contrast, total solar eclipses are only visible along a narrow path of totality — sometimes just a few hundred miles wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996241\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1041px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1996241\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/03/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1041\" height=\"783\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/03/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-copy.jpg 1041w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/03/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-copy-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/03/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-copy-1020x767.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/03/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/03/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-copy-768x578.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When Earth passes directly between the sun and the moon, a lunar eclipse takes place. \u003ccite>(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\u003ca id=\"how-to-see-blood-moon\">\u003c/a>What time is the lunar eclipse tonight, and where can I see it in the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This upcoming total lunar eclipse will be fully visible across the Bay Area tonight as long as you have a clear view of the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will begin at around 10 p.m. P.S.T. on Thursday, March 13, and totality will occur at 11:26 p.m. The maximum eclipse — when the moon will be its reddest — will occur at 11:59 p.m. and last for about 30 minutes into the early hours of Friday, March 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole eclipse phase will last for about 64 minutes, from 10 p.m. to 1:47 a.m., with the best views occurring between 11:26 p.m. to 12:31 a.m.[aside postID=science_1996198 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/02/GettyImages-1242378655-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the moon moves slowly through the Earth’s shadow, we first see only part of the moon darkening,” Fraknoi said of the partial eclipse. “But then, as the Moon moves fully into the Earth’s shadow, we see its entire disk of the Moon become dark and reddish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During totality, the moon glows red because of \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/science/Rayleigh-scattering\">Rayleigh scattering,\u003c/a> the same phenomenon that makes \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979339/bay-areas-best-sunset-hikes-now-that-your-days-are-longer\">sunsets appear orange and red\u003c/a>. As sunlight passes through Earth’s atmosphere, it filters out blue light and bends red light toward the moon, giving it that signature “blood” color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exact shade of red depends on atmospheric conditions like dust, pollution and volcanic activity elsewhere, which can intensify the red hue, Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomers have used calculations to predict lunar eclipses for centuries. “It’s a really nice indication that even if things are in turmoil on Earth, the heavens are doing their thing in a routine way,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shows the clockwork motion of the heavens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Thursday night into early Friday morning, residents in the Bay Area will be able to witness a spectacular total lunar eclipse — often called a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979293/how-to-see-sundays-blood-moon-total-lunar-eclipse-in-the-bay-area\">blood moon\u003c/a>” due to its deep red hue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#how-to-see-blood-moon\">Jump straight to: What time is the lunar eclipse in the Bay Area tonight?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>This celestial event happens when the Earth moves directly between the sun and the moon, casting a shadow that darkens the moon and turns it into a striking shade of red during totality. And unlike solar eclipses, which require special glasses, you can enjoy the lunar eclipse with the naked eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994403/a-celestial-trifecta-what-to-know-about-tuesdays-lunar-eclipse\">total lunar eclipse was visible\u003c/a> from North America was just two years ago, in November 2022. “These total eclipses of the moon happen much more frequently than the total eclipses of the sun at any given location because you can see the full moon all over part of the Earth,” said Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lunar eclipse is visible to anyone on the night side of Earth. In contrast, total solar eclipses are only visible along a narrow path of totality — sometimes just a few hundred miles wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996241\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1041px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1996241\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/03/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1041\" height=\"783\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/03/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-copy.jpg 1041w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/03/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-copy-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/03/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-copy-1020x767.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/03/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/03/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-copy-768x578.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When Earth passes directly between the sun and the moon, a lunar eclipse takes place. \u003ccite>(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\u003ca id=\"how-to-see-blood-moon\">\u003c/a>What time is the lunar eclipse tonight, and where can I see it in the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This upcoming total lunar eclipse will be fully visible across the Bay Area tonight as long as you have a clear view of the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will begin at around 10 p.m. P.S.T. on Thursday, March 13, and totality will occur at 11:26 p.m. The maximum eclipse — when the moon will be its reddest — will occur at 11:59 p.m. and last for about 30 minutes into the early hours of Friday, March 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole eclipse phase will last for about 64 minutes, from 10 p.m. to 1:47 a.m., with the best views occurring between 11:26 p.m. to 12:31 a.m.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the moon moves slowly through the Earth’s shadow, we first see only part of the moon darkening,” Fraknoi said of the partial eclipse. “But then, as the Moon moves fully into the Earth’s shadow, we see its entire disk of the Moon become dark and reddish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During totality, the moon glows red because of \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/science/Rayleigh-scattering\">Rayleigh scattering,\u003c/a> the same phenomenon that makes \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979339/bay-areas-best-sunset-hikes-now-that-your-days-are-longer\">sunsets appear orange and red\u003c/a>. As sunlight passes through Earth’s atmosphere, it filters out blue light and bends red light toward the moon, giving it that signature “blood” color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exact shade of red depends on atmospheric conditions like dust, pollution and volcanic activity elsewhere, which can intensify the red hue, Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomers have used calculations to predict lunar eclipses for centuries. “It’s a really nice indication that even if things are in turmoil on Earth, the heavens are doing their thing in a routine way,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shows the clockwork motion of the heavens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "winter-solstice-planet-oppositions-meteor-showers-and-more",
"title": "Shooting Meteors and Shining Planets: 6 Space Events to Look For This Winter",
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"content": "\u003cp>2024 may be winding down, but as the new year approaches there are still several fascinating astronomical events taking place in December and January. And the good news is: You can see and experience almost all of them with your own eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for six space events to look forward to in the next few weeks this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bundle up for the shortest day: The Winter Solstice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When? \u003c/strong>Dec. 21\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billions of years ago, when the solar system was first forming, there were many more “mini planets” than the planets we know today. Astronomers believe that at one point, Earth collided with a mini planet called Theia, which caused our planet to tilt by 23 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or as Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute, said: “The Earth was in a traffic accident and has never been able to straighten out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1978808\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1978808\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration shows the illumination of the earth during various seasons, and Earth movement around the Sun.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration shows the illumination of the Earth during various seasons and its movement around the sun. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thanks to Theia and that small tilting of our planet, we can now enjoy the changing of the seasons. During the summer, the Northern Hemisphere leans into the sun, and we get more daylight and warmth — while in winter, our planet leans away from the sun, resulting in shorter days and cooler weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the winter solstice that occurs on Dec. 21 this year, Earth will experience the shortest day of the year as our planet goes through “the greatest leaning away” from the sun, Fraknoi said. The sun will rise at 7:21 a.m. and set at 4:54 p.m., giving us only about 10 hours of daylight during the winter solstice — compared to 15 hours of light during the summer solstice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>See the largest planet shining: Aftereffects of Jupiter at Opposition\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When? \u003c/strong>Throughout December\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995309\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995309\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s Juno mission captured this view of Jupiter’s Southern Hemisphere during the spacecraft’s 39th close flyby of the planet on Jan. 12, 2022. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once every 13 months, Earth will be exactly between the sun and planet Jupiter, making the giant planet more bright and visible to the naked eye. While this alignment of the Earth, Jupiter and the sun — what’s known as Jupiter’s opposition — already occurred just a few days ago on Dec. 7, you still have a chance to see the planet as a brighter star for a few more weeks. Jupiter will be visible throughout the night in the south-east and highest in the sky just after midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Watch a winter light show: The Geminid meteor shower peaks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When? \u003c/strong>Dec. 14\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995304\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995304\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1847181146.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1847181146.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1847181146-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1847181146-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1847181146-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1847181146-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the Geminid meteor shower and stargazing at the Tunnel View of Yosemite National Park in California, United States, on Dec. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you missed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1993717/where-to-watch-perseids-meteor-shower-peak-bay-area-best-places-to-see\">the Perseid meteor shower earlier this summer\u003c/a>, the Geminids may be another opportunity to see an impressive light show if the skies are clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The almost full moon that night could wash out the fainter meteors, but if you’re planning to go see it, check the weather and stay warm! The Geminids peak in the early hours of Saturday, Dec. 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>See the red planet blazing: Mars at Opposition\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When? \u003c/strong>Jan. 16\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995307\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 970px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995307\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jY7RtiXd7UNPssvFqTiQdd-970-80.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"970\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jY7RtiXd7UNPssvFqTiQdd-970-80.jpg 970w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jY7RtiXd7UNPssvFqTiQdd-970-80-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jY7RtiXd7UNPssvFqTiQdd-970-80-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jY7RtiXd7UNPssvFqTiQdd-970-80-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 970px) 100vw, 970px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration of the night sky on Dec. 7 showing the full Cold Moon occulting Mars. \u003ccite>(Sky Safari Astronomy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another neighboring planet, the fiery Mars, will be in opposition on Jan. 16, when Earth passes between Mars and the sun. During this event, which occurs about every two years, you can look towards the east after sunset and observe Mars as a bright, reddish-orange star. It will be highest in the sky at about midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Look for a (slightly) swollen sun: Earth at Perihelion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When? \u003c/strong>Jan. 4\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995308\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995308\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The sun radiates huge amounts of electromagnetic energy in all directions. Earth is only one small recipient of the sun’s energy; the sun’s rays extend far out into the solar system, illuminating all the other planets. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 4, 2025, at around 5:30 a.m. PST, our planet will be at “perihelion” — that is, at its closest to the sun. Because of its elliptical orbit, scientists can calculate when the Earth will be at its closest and farthest point from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At perihelion, the Earth receives 7% more solar energy than when the planet is at its furthest from the sun. To many who aren’t on the lookout, the sun may just look the same as any other day — but it will actually appear slightly larger than any other day in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>And finally, the one you can’t see: The Parker Solar Probe will ‘touch the sun’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When? \u003c/strong>Dec. 24\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995305\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995305\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1015503676.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1015503676.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1015503676-800x487.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1015503676-1020x621.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1015503676-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1015503676-768x467.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket launches NASA’s Parker Solar Probe to touch the sun from Launch Complex 37 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Aug. 12, 2018, in Cape Canaveral, Florida. Parker Solar Probe is humanity’s first-ever mission into a part of the sun’s atmosphere called the corona. The probe will directly explore solar processes that are key to understanding and forecasting space weather events that can impact life on Earth. \u003ccite>(Bill Ingalls/NASA via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a mission to investigate the mysteries of the largest star in our solar system, NASA launched the Parker Solar Probe in 2018 to study the sun’s outer atmosphere: its corona. Since 2018, the probe has completed seven Venus gravity assist maneuvers — also known as flybys — with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/the-universe/sun/nasas-parker-solar-probe-to-glimpse-venus-surface-tomorrow-before-historic-sun-encounter\">recent and final one in November this year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 24, the unmanned spacecraft made out of composite material that can withstand temperatures of up to 2500 F will make history by becoming the closest object ever to the sun. As the probe gets closer to the sun’s orbit, the faster it will go, claiming the title of the fastest vehicle ever made, Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will speed up to 430,000 mph. Don’t try that on Freeway 280,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As winter approaches, we look at how seasons change, when the Earth will be closest to the sun, and other space events to look forward to this December and January. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>2024 may be winding down, but as the new year approaches there are still several fascinating astronomical events taking place in December and January. And the good news is: You can see and experience almost all of them with your own eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for six space events to look forward to in the next few weeks this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bundle up for the shortest day: The Winter Solstice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When? \u003c/strong>Dec. 21\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billions of years ago, when the solar system was first forming, there were many more “mini planets” than the planets we know today. Astronomers believe that at one point, Earth collided with a mini planet called Theia, which caused our planet to tilt by 23 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or as Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute, said: “The Earth was in a traffic accident and has never been able to straighten out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1978808\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1978808\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration shows the illumination of the earth during various seasons, and Earth movement around the Sun.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/RS54465_iStock-1306526520-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration shows the illumination of the Earth during various seasons and its movement around the sun. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thanks to Theia and that small tilting of our planet, we can now enjoy the changing of the seasons. During the summer, the Northern Hemisphere leans into the sun, and we get more daylight and warmth — while in winter, our planet leans away from the sun, resulting in shorter days and cooler weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the winter solstice that occurs on Dec. 21 this year, Earth will experience the shortest day of the year as our planet goes through “the greatest leaning away” from the sun, Fraknoi said. The sun will rise at 7:21 a.m. and set at 4:54 p.m., giving us only about 10 hours of daylight during the winter solstice — compared to 15 hours of light during the summer solstice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>See the largest planet shining: Aftereffects of Jupiter at Opposition\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When? \u003c/strong>Throughout December\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995309\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995309\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jpegPIA25014-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s Juno mission captured this view of Jupiter’s Southern Hemisphere during the spacecraft’s 39th close flyby of the planet on Jan. 12, 2022. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once every 13 months, Earth will be exactly between the sun and planet Jupiter, making the giant planet more bright and visible to the naked eye. While this alignment of the Earth, Jupiter and the sun — what’s known as Jupiter’s opposition — already occurred just a few days ago on Dec. 7, you still have a chance to see the planet as a brighter star for a few more weeks. Jupiter will be visible throughout the night in the south-east and highest in the sky just after midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Watch a winter light show: The Geminid meteor shower peaks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When? \u003c/strong>Dec. 14\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995304\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995304\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1847181146.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1847181146.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1847181146-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1847181146-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1847181146-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1847181146-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the Geminid meteor shower and stargazing at the Tunnel View of Yosemite National Park in California, United States, on Dec. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you missed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1993717/where-to-watch-perseids-meteor-shower-peak-bay-area-best-places-to-see\">the Perseid meteor shower earlier this summer\u003c/a>, the Geminids may be another opportunity to see an impressive light show if the skies are clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The almost full moon that night could wash out the fainter meteors, but if you’re planning to go see it, check the weather and stay warm! The Geminids peak in the early hours of Saturday, Dec. 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>See the red planet blazing: Mars at Opposition\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When? \u003c/strong>Jan. 16\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995307\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 970px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995307\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jY7RtiXd7UNPssvFqTiQdd-970-80.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"970\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jY7RtiXd7UNPssvFqTiQdd-970-80.jpg 970w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jY7RtiXd7UNPssvFqTiQdd-970-80-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jY7RtiXd7UNPssvFqTiQdd-970-80-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/jY7RtiXd7UNPssvFqTiQdd-970-80-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 970px) 100vw, 970px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration of the night sky on Dec. 7 showing the full Cold Moon occulting Mars. \u003ccite>(Sky Safari Astronomy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another neighboring planet, the fiery Mars, will be in opposition on Jan. 16, when Earth passes between Mars and the sun. During this event, which occurs about every two years, you can look towards the east after sunset and observe Mars as a bright, reddish-orange star. It will be highest in the sky at about midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Look for a (slightly) swollen sun: Earth at Perihelion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When? \u003c/strong>Jan. 4\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995308\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995308\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/dMHFuHbsrzjgenjPyomnym-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The sun radiates huge amounts of electromagnetic energy in all directions. Earth is only one small recipient of the sun’s energy; the sun’s rays extend far out into the solar system, illuminating all the other planets. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 4, 2025, at around 5:30 a.m. PST, our planet will be at “perihelion” — that is, at its closest to the sun. Because of its elliptical orbit, scientists can calculate when the Earth will be at its closest and farthest point from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At perihelion, the Earth receives 7% more solar energy than when the planet is at its furthest from the sun. To many who aren’t on the lookout, the sun may just look the same as any other day — but it will actually appear slightly larger than any other day in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>And finally, the one you can’t see: The Parker Solar Probe will ‘touch the sun’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When? \u003c/strong>Dec. 24\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1995305\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1995305\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1015503676.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1015503676.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1015503676-800x487.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1015503676-1020x621.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1015503676-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/12/GettyImages-1015503676-768x467.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket launches NASA’s Parker Solar Probe to touch the sun from Launch Complex 37 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Aug. 12, 2018, in Cape Canaveral, Florida. Parker Solar Probe is humanity’s first-ever mission into a part of the sun’s atmosphere called the corona. The probe will directly explore solar processes that are key to understanding and forecasting space weather events that can impact life on Earth. \u003ccite>(Bill Ingalls/NASA via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a mission to investigate the mysteries of the largest star in our solar system, NASA launched the Parker Solar Probe in 2018 to study the sun’s outer atmosphere: its corona. Since 2018, the probe has completed seven Venus gravity assist maneuvers — also known as flybys — with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/the-universe/sun/nasas-parker-solar-probe-to-glimpse-venus-surface-tomorrow-before-historic-sun-encounter\">recent and final one in November this year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 24, the unmanned spacecraft made out of composite material that can withstand temperatures of up to 2500 F will make history by becoming the closest object ever to the sun. As the probe gets closer to the sun’s orbit, the faster it will go, claiming the title of the fastest vehicle ever made, Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will speed up to 430,000 mph. Don’t try that on Freeway 280,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">This story has been updated.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Bay Area residents have been treated to several rare astronomical events, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991869/when-is-solar-eclipse-2024-bay-area-watch-parties\">solar eclipses\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992745/see-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-bay-area\">auroras\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1993717/where-to-watch-perseids-meteor-shower-peak-bay-area-best-places-to-see\">meteor showers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the latest celestial event on display is a “cosmic snowball” — \u003ca href=\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153444/comet-tsuchinshan-atlas-arrives-from-afar\">a rare comet\u003c/a> that was last visible around 80,000 years ago and that astronomers estimate won’t be visible again for another 80 millennia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last appearance was before written records were made, and the next one may see a very different Earth from the one we have today,” Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute, wrote in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.fraknoi.com/astronomy/a-comet-is-visible-in-our-night-skies/\">blog post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newly-discovered comet is formally known as Comet C/2023 A3 Tsuchinshan–ATLAS, named after the two observatories that first spotted the comet: China’s Tsuchinshan “Purple Mountain” Observatory and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/atlas/\">Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System\u003c/a> (ATLAS) telescope in South Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to see this comet\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This comet, which is reportedly the \u003ca href=\"https://earthsky.org/space/comet-c-2023-a3-sep-oct-2024-tsuchinshan-atlas/\">brightest such comet in 27 years\u003c/a>, can be seen with the naked eye from now until the end of the month — although binoculars or telescopes will offer the clearest views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best time to see the comet is about 45 minutes after sunset, and the comet light show will last for approximately 20 to 30 minutes after the sun goes down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the next few days, it will be visible close to the brightest night object, the planet Venus,” Fraknoi said. Viewers can look towards the west horizon of the night sky, get their eyes accustomed to the dark, and enjoy the view. You can also track the comet on \u003ca href=\"https://theskylive.com/planetarium?objects=sun-moon-c2022e3-mercury-venus-mars-jupiter-saturn-uranus-neptune-pluto&localdata=37.8774%7C-122.2817%7CCAL+Fire+Northern+Region%2C+United+States%7CAmerica%2FLos_Angeles%7C0&obj=c2022e3&h=09&m=00&date=2023-01-24#ra%7C15.219190334943296%7Cdec%7C60.2699547237815%7Cfov%7C10\">TheSkyLive\u003c/a> or through astronomy and sky apps like \u003ca href=\"https://stellarium.org/\">Stellarium\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://skysafariastronomy.com/\">SkySafari\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://starwalk.space/en\">Star Walk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the comet won’t be as bright as earlier this month, when the comet was at its closest to our planet, you still have a chance of catching a glimpse of this snowy dirtball on a clear night until the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each day, the comet is higher in the sky and will thus be visible a little bit longer before it sets in the West,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a roundup of some of the rare sightings of the comet in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994793\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994793\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1346\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-800x997.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-1020x1271.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-160x199.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-768x957.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS streaks through the twilight sky, soaring above a sea of fog off the Marin County coast on the evening of Oct. 13. \u003ccite>(Dan Kurtzman Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994792\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1346\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-2.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-2-800x997.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-2-1020x1271.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-2-160x199.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-2-768x957.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS streaks through the twilight sky, soaring above a sea of fog off the Marin County coast on the evening of Oct. 13. \u003ccite>(Dan Kurtzman Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994791\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994791\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS captured in San Jose on Oct. 15. \u003ccite>(@me.abhinav_ on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994790\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994790\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-2.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-2-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-2-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-2-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-2-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS captured on Oct. 15. \u003ccite>(@weekendwanderersinc on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994789\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994789\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1020\" height=\"1020\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-3.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-3-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-3-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-3-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–Atlas from Lake Elizabeth, Fremont. \u003ccite>(@akopparam on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994788\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994788\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Shreeni-09272024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Shreeni-09272024.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Shreeni-09272024-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Shreeni-09272024-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Shreeni-09272024-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Shreeni-09272024-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet captured rising above the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco on Sept. 27. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994783\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994783\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10132024-Comet-setting-over-Golden-Gate-Bridge.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1316\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10132024-Comet-setting-over-Golden-Gate-Bridge.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10132024-Comet-setting-over-Golden-Gate-Bridge-800x975.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10132024-Comet-setting-over-Golden-Gate-Bridge-1020x1243.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10132024-Comet-setting-over-Golden-Gate-Bridge-160x195.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10132024-Comet-setting-over-Golden-Gate-Bridge-768x936.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet setting over the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco on Oct. 13. \u003ccite>(Sean Qiu)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994787\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994787\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1346\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-2.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-2-800x997.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-2-1020x1271.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-2-160x199.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-2-768x957.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS setting over Sutro Tower on Oct. 14. Taken from Alameda Shoreline. \u003ccite>(Sean Qiu)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994786\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994786\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1342\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-800x994.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-1020x1267.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-160x199.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-768x954.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS setting over Sutro Tower on Oct. 14. Taken from Alameda Shoreline. \u003ccite>(Sean Qiu)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994785\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994785\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1440\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-scaled.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-800x1422.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-1020x1813.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-160x284.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-768x1365.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-864x1536.jpeg 864w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-1152x2048.jpeg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-1920x3413.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS from Fremont on Oct. 15. \u003ccite>(Nemani / Mr_ASquare on Reddit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994784\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1841px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994784\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1841\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-scaled.jpeg 1841w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-800x1113.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-1020x1419.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-160x223.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-768x1068.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-1104x1536.jpeg 1104w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-1473x2048.jpeg 1473w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-1920x2670.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1841px) 100vw, 1841px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS over Easy Bay Hills on Oct. 14. \u003ccite>(grimdar on Reddit )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS is now visible in our night skies. Here's how to see this comet that orbits the Sun, plus a roundup of photos captured in the Bay Area.",
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"title": "Best time to See the Comet in the Bay Area | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">This story has been updated.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Bay Area residents have been treated to several rare astronomical events, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991869/when-is-solar-eclipse-2024-bay-area-watch-parties\">solar eclipses\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992745/see-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-bay-area\">auroras\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1993717/where-to-watch-perseids-meteor-shower-peak-bay-area-best-places-to-see\">meteor showers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the latest celestial event on display is a “cosmic snowball” — \u003ca href=\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/153444/comet-tsuchinshan-atlas-arrives-from-afar\">a rare comet\u003c/a> that was last visible around 80,000 years ago and that astronomers estimate won’t be visible again for another 80 millennia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last appearance was before written records were made, and the next one may see a very different Earth from the one we have today,” Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute, wrote in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.fraknoi.com/astronomy/a-comet-is-visible-in-our-night-skies/\">blog post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newly-discovered comet is formally known as Comet C/2023 A3 Tsuchinshan–ATLAS, named after the two observatories that first spotted the comet: China’s Tsuchinshan “Purple Mountain” Observatory and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/atlas/\">Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System\u003c/a> (ATLAS) telescope in South Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to see this comet\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This comet, which is reportedly the \u003ca href=\"https://earthsky.org/space/comet-c-2023-a3-sep-oct-2024-tsuchinshan-atlas/\">brightest such comet in 27 years\u003c/a>, can be seen with the naked eye from now until the end of the month — although binoculars or telescopes will offer the clearest views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best time to see the comet is about 45 minutes after sunset, and the comet light show will last for approximately 20 to 30 minutes after the sun goes down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the next few days, it will be visible close to the brightest night object, the planet Venus,” Fraknoi said. Viewers can look towards the west horizon of the night sky, get their eyes accustomed to the dark, and enjoy the view. You can also track the comet on \u003ca href=\"https://theskylive.com/planetarium?objects=sun-moon-c2022e3-mercury-venus-mars-jupiter-saturn-uranus-neptune-pluto&localdata=37.8774%7C-122.2817%7CCAL+Fire+Northern+Region%2C+United+States%7CAmerica%2FLos_Angeles%7C0&obj=c2022e3&h=09&m=00&date=2023-01-24#ra%7C15.219190334943296%7Cdec%7C60.2699547237815%7Cfov%7C10\">TheSkyLive\u003c/a> or through astronomy and sky apps like \u003ca href=\"https://stellarium.org/\">Stellarium\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://skysafariastronomy.com/\">SkySafari\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://starwalk.space/en\">Star Walk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the comet won’t be as bright as earlier this month, when the comet was at its closest to our planet, you still have a chance of catching a glimpse of this snowy dirtball on a clear night until the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each day, the comet is higher in the sky and will thus be visible a little bit longer before it sets in the West,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a roundup of some of the rare sightings of the comet in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994793\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994793\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1346\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-800x997.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-1020x1271.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-160x199.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-768x957.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS streaks through the twilight sky, soaring above a sea of fog off the Marin County coast on the evening of Oct. 13. \u003ccite>(Dan Kurtzman Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994792\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1346\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-2.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-2-800x997.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-2-1020x1271.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-2-160x199.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Dan-Kurtzman-10132024-2-768x957.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS streaks through the twilight sky, soaring above a sea of fog off the Marin County coast on the evening of Oct. 13. \u003ccite>(Dan Kurtzman Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994791\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994791\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS captured in San Jose on Oct. 15. \u003ccite>(@me.abhinav_ on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994790\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994790\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-2.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-2-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-2-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-2-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-2-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS captured on Oct. 15. \u003ccite>(@weekendwanderersinc on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994789\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994789\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1020\" height=\"1020\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-3.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-3-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-3-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Divya-10152024-3-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–Atlas from Lake Elizabeth, Fremont. \u003ccite>(@akopparam on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994788\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994788\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Shreeni-09272024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Shreeni-09272024.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Shreeni-09272024-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Shreeni-09272024-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Shreeni-09272024-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Shreeni-09272024-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet captured rising above the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco on Sept. 27. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994783\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994783\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10132024-Comet-setting-over-Golden-Gate-Bridge.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1316\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10132024-Comet-setting-over-Golden-Gate-Bridge.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10132024-Comet-setting-over-Golden-Gate-Bridge-800x975.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10132024-Comet-setting-over-Golden-Gate-Bridge-1020x1243.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10132024-Comet-setting-over-Golden-Gate-Bridge-160x195.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10132024-Comet-setting-over-Golden-Gate-Bridge-768x936.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet setting over the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco on Oct. 13. \u003ccite>(Sean Qiu)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994787\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994787\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1346\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-2.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-2-800x997.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-2-1020x1271.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-2-160x199.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-2-768x957.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS setting over Sutro Tower on Oct. 14. Taken from Alameda Shoreline. \u003ccite>(Sean Qiu)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994786\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994786\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1342\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-800x994.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-1020x1267.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-160x199.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Sean-Qiu-10142024-768x954.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS setting over Sutro Tower on Oct. 14. Taken from Alameda Shoreline. \u003ccite>(Sean Qiu)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994785\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994785\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1440\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-scaled.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-800x1422.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-1020x1813.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-160x284.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-768x1365.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-864x1536.jpeg 864w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-1152x2048.jpeg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/Nemani-on-Reddit-10152024-from-Fremont-Vargas-1920x3413.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS from Fremont on Oct. 15. \u003ccite>(Nemani / Mr_ASquare on Reddit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994784\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1841px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994784\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1841\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-scaled.jpeg 1841w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-800x1113.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-1020x1419.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-160x223.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-768x1068.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-1104x1536.jpeg 1104w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-1473x2048.jpeg 1473w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/grimdar-on-Reddit-10142024-comet-over-east-bay-hills-1920x2670.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1841px) 100vw, 1841px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comet Tsuchinshan–ATLAS over Easy Bay Hills on Oct. 14. \u003ccite>(grimdar on Reddit )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "If Exploding Stars Made Music, They'd Sound Like This",
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"headTitle": "If Exploding Stars Made Music, They’d Sound Like This | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"515\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NZdcaSyXKhc?si=2dggGm-XX9uLIsMJ\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are stars exploding all around us. They burst, flash and fade. Some leave traces of their spectacular journeys as supernovae in telescopes. Earth-bound astronomers collect and study the brief, brilliant careers of these stars in immense catalogs of data. Often, the star’s story ends there. But not so with a new set of data collected at CalTech and turned into music by high school senior Vanya Agrawal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A supernova is basically a star death,” said Agrawal, who graduated from Palos Verdes High School on June 6. “When a star reaches the end of its life, it loses all of the matter, collapses within itself, and then explodes in a great, beautiful explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a science class this year, she decided to take relatively new data from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ztf.caltech.edu/\">Zwicky Transient Facility\u003c/a>, hosted at CalTech’s Palomar Observatory and offer a new way for people to experience it: as a piece of music.[ad fullwidth]“The data that they’re collecting is some of the best supernova data that we have today,” Agrawal said. “I thought it would be really interesting to be able to turn something that hasn’t really been seen in the public in this type of way into a sonification.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Turning data from the heavens into music\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1993195\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1993195\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/IMAGE_123650291-1-KQED-800x1124.jpg\" alt=\"A headshot photo of Vanya Agrawal. The student wears glasse and a blue collared shirt under a black blazer.\" width=\"500\" height=\"800\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Palos Verdes High School Senior Vanya Agrawal. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Vanya Agrawal.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her piece of music is based on a data set from ZTF. Represented in the data is a supernovae’s redshift – caused by light traveling away from Earth – and luminosity, or (effectively) brightness. She converted these qualities into musical features like pitch and volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had 8,000 data points that I used, and that translated to 8,000 notes within my composition,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came the more interpretative, artistic side of the project. She created a MIDI file and, using a simple audio software on her computer, added modifications to make the piece more musical. “I added things like rhythms, chords, ambiance, sound effects,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Gilbert, a Berkeley-based arts and culture journalist, was impressed by the sense of peace and intimacy conveyed by Agrawal’s composition. Her goal was to create music to mediate or study to, something that might be at home in a science fiction film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like her version of space,” said Gilbert, who felt he could hear something like Alice Coltrane’s harp in the piece. “You think of space as intimate and vast, [her song feels] intimate and lulling and inviting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agrawal used it as a study tool in writing a research paper. “I was listening to it in the background because I was like, just for personal experiment, let me test how this works as Lo-Fi studying music,” she said. “And it was effective.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"515\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-0flgjUBfE?si=deLtPcdxbMNSNf5G\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Music as a tool for scientific connection\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s also been a hit among astronomers and astrophysicists and at science fairs. Agrawal made it all the way from the district to the county to the state to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.societyforscience.org/isef/\">Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair\u003c/a> in Los Angeles this May. And she’s continuing to collaborate with Zwicky and CalTech on a tool that would allow members of the public to sonify astronomical data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this can have a lot of really great applications in getting people more interested in scientific research,” Agrawal said, “and feeling a greater connection to research that they might otherwise not have had an interest in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After this summer, she heads to Washington University in Saint Louis, where she plans to study music composition and astrophysics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been doing Indian classical dance since I was four,” she said. “I’ve studied different forms of Indian classical music. I’ve been in marching band, jazz band, orchestra.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She thinks every kid goes through a phase of being amazed by the stars. She was just lucky enough to realize she enjoyed the mathematics of space, too. Her future career, she hopes, will combine these two loves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"515\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NZdcaSyXKhc?si=2dggGm-XX9uLIsMJ\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are stars exploding all around us. They burst, flash and fade. Some leave traces of their spectacular journeys as supernovae in telescopes. Earth-bound astronomers collect and study the brief, brilliant careers of these stars in immense catalogs of data. Often, the star’s story ends there. But not so with a new set of data collected at CalTech and turned into music by high school senior Vanya Agrawal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A supernova is basically a star death,” said Agrawal, who graduated from Palos Verdes High School on June 6. “When a star reaches the end of its life, it loses all of the matter, collapses within itself, and then explodes in a great, beautiful explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a science class this year, she decided to take relatively new data from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ztf.caltech.edu/\">Zwicky Transient Facility\u003c/a>, hosted at CalTech’s Palomar Observatory and offer a new way for people to experience it: as a piece of music.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The data that they’re collecting is some of the best supernova data that we have today,” Agrawal said. “I thought it would be really interesting to be able to turn something that hasn’t really been seen in the public in this type of way into a sonification.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Turning data from the heavens into music\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1993195\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1993195\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/IMAGE_123650291-1-KQED-800x1124.jpg\" alt=\"A headshot photo of Vanya Agrawal. The student wears glasse and a blue collared shirt under a black blazer.\" width=\"500\" height=\"800\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Palos Verdes High School Senior Vanya Agrawal. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Vanya Agrawal.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her piece of music is based on a data set from ZTF. Represented in the data is a supernovae’s redshift – caused by light traveling away from Earth – and luminosity, or (effectively) brightness. She converted these qualities into musical features like pitch and volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had 8,000 data points that I used, and that translated to 8,000 notes within my composition,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came the more interpretative, artistic side of the project. She created a MIDI file and, using a simple audio software on her computer, added modifications to make the piece more musical. “I added things like rhythms, chords, ambiance, sound effects,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Gilbert, a Berkeley-based arts and culture journalist, was impressed by the sense of peace and intimacy conveyed by Agrawal’s composition. Her goal was to create music to mediate or study to, something that might be at home in a science fiction film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like her version of space,” said Gilbert, who felt he could hear something like Alice Coltrane’s harp in the piece. “You think of space as intimate and vast, [her song feels] intimate and lulling and inviting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agrawal used it as a study tool in writing a research paper. “I was listening to it in the background because I was like, just for personal experiment, let me test how this works as Lo-Fi studying music,” she said. “And it was effective.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"515\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-0flgjUBfE?si=deLtPcdxbMNSNf5G\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Music as a tool for scientific connection\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s also been a hit among astronomers and astrophysicists and at science fairs. Agrawal made it all the way from the district to the county to the state to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.societyforscience.org/isef/\">Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair\u003c/a> in Los Angeles this May. And she’s continuing to collaborate with Zwicky and CalTech on a tool that would allow members of the public to sonify astronomical data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this can have a lot of really great applications in getting people more interested in scientific research,” Agrawal said, “and feeling a greater connection to research that they might otherwise not have had an interest in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After this summer, she heads to Washington University in Saint Louis, where she plans to study music composition and astrophysics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been doing Indian classical dance since I was four,” she said. “I’ve studied different forms of Indian classical music. I’ve been in marching band, jazz band, orchestra.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She thinks every kid goes through a phase of being amazed by the stars. She was just lucky enough to realize she enjoyed the mathematics of space, too. Her future career, she hopes, will combine these two loves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The last time we had a total solar eclipse over the U.S. was in 2017 — an event that awed millions of people around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991869/when-is-solar-eclipse-2024-bay-area-watch-parties\">In 2024, another total solar eclipse is almost here.\u003c/a> These unforgettable astronomical events occur when the moon positions itself between the Earth and the sun, blocking the sun’s disc for a few minutes and creating a shadow on Earth known as the “path of totality.” And on Monday, if you’re lucky enough to live in the path of totality — or decide to purposefully travel there — you’ll get to experience the breathtaking spectacle in person as the sun’s outer atmosphere (its corona) emerges like a crown of fire around the moon’s dark disc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s all you need to know about the 2024 total solar eclipse, where to go to experience it, and where you can still watch the partial eclipse in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump to: \u003ca href=\"#bayareaeclipse\">When and where can I see the partial eclipse in the Bay Area?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>When is the 2024 solar eclipse?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The total solar eclipse will take place on Monday, April 8, 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA said that the first place in continental North America to experience totality is Mexico’s Pacific coast — around 11:07 a.m. PST.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where is the path of totality for the 2024 solar eclipse?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For people who plan to travel outside of the Bay Area to experience the full spectacle, \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/future-eclipses/eclipse-2024/where-when/\">this map by NASA shows the path of totality\u003c/a>: A narrow track of about 100 miles wide ( but 10,000 miles long) that will cross three Mexican states, 15 U.S. states and five Canadian provinces. The U.S. state experiencing totality that’s closest to the Bay Area will be Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991232\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991232\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920-800x400.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920-1020x510.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920-160x80.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920-768x384.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map illustrates the paths of the Moon’s shadow across the US during the 2024 total solar eclipse. On April 8, 2024, a total solar eclipse will cross North and Central America, creating a path of totality. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What’s unique about the 2024 eclipse is that it\u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/total-solar-eclipse-april-8-2024-finest-for-united-states\"> will be the longest and most visible for the U.S. in a century\u003c/a>. And as long as you’re within this path, you’ll experience a total eclipse of the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the closer you are to the center of this path, the longer the eclipse you’ll experience. The duration of the eclipse can range from two to four and a half minutes. “People who are real eclipse fans are going to be looking at maps like this, and they’re going to try to get into the most central position,” said Andrew Fraknoi, an astronomer and board member of the SETI Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth noting that the further north you are, the more likely it will be cloudy, Fraknoi warned. Check the weather forecast before traveling to see the eclipse, or refer to this map on \u003ca href=\"https://eclipsophile.com/2024tse/\">Eclipsophile\u003c/a>, a site that tracks the climate and weather for celestial events created by Canadian meteorologist, Jay Anderson. “In most places, particularly toward the northeast, the chances of cloud cover are greater than 50%,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1991869,science_1985496,science_1985049' label='More guides from kqed']If it’s going to be cloudy where you plan to be in the path of totality, be sure to consult the \u003ca href=\"https://eclipsewise.com/pubs/Atlas2024.html\">Road Atlas for the Total Solar Eclipse of 2024\u003c/a> — which will help you hastily prepare an alternative route if you’re on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/total-solar-eclipse10-of-biggest-cities-in-path-of-totality-april-8-2024\">This year’s total solar eclipse will also be one of the most urban eclipses for decades\u003c/a>. The path of totality includes cities like Mazatlan, Torreon, Dallas, Indianapolis, Cleveland, Buffalo, Rochester and Montreal — in addition to dozens of other cities right on the edge of the path, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With 32 million people living on the path of totality and 75 million living within 100 miles of that path, there will undoubtedly be an influx of people traveling into these cities to experience this rare event. So the earlier you plan your travels, the better — and be realistic that for certain destinations, virtually every hotel room, vacation rental or campsite may have been snapped up months ago. Flights to destinations in the eclipse path of totality may also increase in price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More detailed maps of the path of totality are available for every part of the country on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.greatamericaneclipse.com/\">Great American Eclipse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bayareaeclipse\">\u003c/a>When and where can I still see the partial eclipse in the Bay Area?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For those outside of this path, like us in the Bay Area, fret not: You’ll still be able to experience a partial eclipse. Wherever you are in the Bay, look towards the sun starting at around 11 a.m. during the peak of the eclipse. The sun will be high in the south and will be hard to miss, unless a very tall building is in your line of sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When you’ve spotted the sun, be sure not to look directly at it without eclipse glasses.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the eclipse will begin at 10:14 a.m. PST on Monday, April 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “maximum bite” will be taken out of the sun at 11:13 a.m. PST to about an hour later, and the event will officially end at around 12:16 p.m. PST, according to Fraknoi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else do you need information about right now?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Here in the Bay, we’ll experience about 45% of the sun’s diameter covered, and the best time to start observing the eclipse is at 11 a.m., Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a few of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991869/when-is-solar-eclipse-2024-bay-area-watch-parties\">places where you can watch the partial eclipse\u003c/a> with others in the Bay Area are \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse\">Exploratorium\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/eclipse\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://lawrencehallofscience.org/events/solar-eclipse-viewing-party/\">Lawrence Hall of Science\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://rfo.org/index.php/calendar-of-events/\">Robert Ferguson Observatory\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/\">Chabot Space and Science Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also observe the eclipse on your own or host your very own watch party. \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/eclipses-tabs/safety/#:~:text=Observing%20our%20star%2C%20the%20Sun,viewing%20glasses%20(eclipse%20glasses).\">Just be sure to watch the eclipse safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we get to experience just a partial eclipse this year, \u003ca href=\"https://nationaleclipse.com/maps/map_08122045.html\">the next time a total solar eclipse will cross California is in 20 years on August 12, 2045.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982247\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982247\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person is looking through a telescope.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1277\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kayleen Mojica, 21, laughs as she peers at Venus through the 8″ Alvan Clark refractor telescope at Chabot Space and Science Center in Oakland on Feb. 17, 2023. \u003ccite>(Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>How to view a total solar eclipse with glasses and pinhole projectors\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During a solar eclipse, it is never safe to look directly at the sun without solar-filtered eyewear designed for solar viewing. Only when the moon completely covers the sun during totality will it be safe to look at it without eye protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re looking for free eclipse glasses, check with your local public library in the Bay Area, which may well be offering them. You might also be able to snag eclipse glasses at places like the California Academy of Sciences, Exploratorium, and Chabot Space and Science Center. If you’re planning to buy eclipse glasses online, Fraknoi recommends two U.S.-based companies: \u003ca href=\"https://www.rainbowsymphony.com/\">Rainbow Symphony\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.3dglassesonline.com/products/eclipsers/\">American Paper Optics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a running list of events around the solar eclipse in North California, visit the \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/aancsite/calendar/eclipses/2024-april-8-eclipse\">Astronomical Association of Northern California\u003c/a> website for the most recent updates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also explore indirect viewing methods by making \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/learn/project/how-to-make-a-pinhole-camera/\">your own pinhole projector to view the eclipse safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The surreal experience of the total solar eclipse: What can you expect from the total solar eclipse?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Shreenivasan Manievannan, a professional photographer and Bay Area resident, will be planning to travel to Niagara Falls with the company he works for, GoPro, to capture a timelapse and photographs of the total solar eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manievannan said that for him, the most exciting part of the 2017 total solar eclipse was seeing the day change from light to dark in just a few minutes. On top of that, he said, it was a surreal experience overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You will start seeing the change in the flow of the river too [during a total solar eclipse] because the wind will suddenly stop during the eclipse,” Manievannan said. “It becomes very calm, and the birds will stop chirping. Everything looks very still.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And once the light comes back again, everything goes back to normal,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Great American Eclipse 2017\" src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/230729300?dnt=1&app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upcoming 2024 total solar eclipse also offers scientists many great opportunities. Researchers will use various instruments and methods to observe and study the eclipse, from telescopes and cameras on the ground and in the air to satellites and sensors in space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/science-in-the-shadows-nasa-selects-5-experiments-for-2024-total-solar-eclipse/\">NASA has funded five scientific projects for the 2024 Eclipse\u003c/a> to collect this data that’s only available during eclipses. These projects aim to study the sun’s corona and its impact on Earth’s atmosphere. \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/citizen-science/\">Citizen scientists are also invited to contribute their observations \u003c/a>during the total solar eclipse to help with scientific discoveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else do you need information about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2024. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID-19\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger and help us decide what to cover here on our site and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"10483\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10483.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story was originally published on January 27, 2024.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The last time we had a total solar eclipse over the U.S. was in 2017 — an event that awed millions of people around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991869/when-is-solar-eclipse-2024-bay-area-watch-parties\">In 2024, another total solar eclipse is almost here.\u003c/a> These unforgettable astronomical events occur when the moon positions itself between the Earth and the sun, blocking the sun’s disc for a few minutes and creating a shadow on Earth known as the “path of totality.” And on Monday, if you’re lucky enough to live in the path of totality — or decide to purposefully travel there — you’ll get to experience the breathtaking spectacle in person as the sun’s outer atmosphere (its corona) emerges like a crown of fire around the moon’s dark disc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s all you need to know about the 2024 total solar eclipse, where to go to experience it, and where you can still watch the partial eclipse in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump to: \u003ca href=\"#bayareaeclipse\">When and where can I see the partial eclipse in the Bay Area?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>When is the 2024 solar eclipse?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The total solar eclipse will take place on Monday, April 8, 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA said that the first place in continental North America to experience totality is Mexico’s Pacific coast — around 11:07 a.m. PST.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where is the path of totality for the 2024 solar eclipse?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For people who plan to travel outside of the Bay Area to experience the full spectacle, \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/future-eclipses/eclipse-2024/where-when/\">this map by NASA shows the path of totality\u003c/a>: A narrow track of about 100 miles wide ( but 10,000 miles long) that will cross three Mexican states, 15 U.S. states and five Canadian provinces. The U.S. state experiencing totality that’s closest to the Bay Area will be Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991232\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991232\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920-800x400.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920-1020x510.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920-160x80.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920-768x384.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map illustrates the paths of the Moon’s shadow across the US during the 2024 total solar eclipse. On April 8, 2024, a total solar eclipse will cross North and Central America, creating a path of totality. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What’s unique about the 2024 eclipse is that it\u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/total-solar-eclipse-april-8-2024-finest-for-united-states\"> will be the longest and most visible for the U.S. in a century\u003c/a>. And as long as you’re within this path, you’ll experience a total eclipse of the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the closer you are to the center of this path, the longer the eclipse you’ll experience. The duration of the eclipse can range from two to four and a half minutes. “People who are real eclipse fans are going to be looking at maps like this, and they’re going to try to get into the most central position,” said Andrew Fraknoi, an astronomer and board member of the SETI Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth noting that the further north you are, the more likely it will be cloudy, Fraknoi warned. Check the weather forecast before traveling to see the eclipse, or refer to this map on \u003ca href=\"https://eclipsophile.com/2024tse/\">Eclipsophile\u003c/a>, a site that tracks the climate and weather for celestial events created by Canadian meteorologist, Jay Anderson. “In most places, particularly toward the northeast, the chances of cloud cover are greater than 50%,” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If it’s going to be cloudy where you plan to be in the path of totality, be sure to consult the \u003ca href=\"https://eclipsewise.com/pubs/Atlas2024.html\">Road Atlas for the Total Solar Eclipse of 2024\u003c/a> — which will help you hastily prepare an alternative route if you’re on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/total-solar-eclipse10-of-biggest-cities-in-path-of-totality-april-8-2024\">This year’s total solar eclipse will also be one of the most urban eclipses for decades\u003c/a>. The path of totality includes cities like Mazatlan, Torreon, Dallas, Indianapolis, Cleveland, Buffalo, Rochester and Montreal — in addition to dozens of other cities right on the edge of the path, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With 32 million people living on the path of totality and 75 million living within 100 miles of that path, there will undoubtedly be an influx of people traveling into these cities to experience this rare event. So the earlier you plan your travels, the better — and be realistic that for certain destinations, virtually every hotel room, vacation rental or campsite may have been snapped up months ago. Flights to destinations in the eclipse path of totality may also increase in price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More detailed maps of the path of totality are available for every part of the country on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.greatamericaneclipse.com/\">Great American Eclipse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bayareaeclipse\">\u003c/a>When and where can I still see the partial eclipse in the Bay Area?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For those outside of this path, like us in the Bay Area, fret not: You’ll still be able to experience a partial eclipse. Wherever you are in the Bay, look towards the sun starting at around 11 a.m. during the peak of the eclipse. The sun will be high in the south and will be hard to miss, unless a very tall building is in your line of sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When you’ve spotted the sun, be sure not to look directly at it without eclipse glasses.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the eclipse will begin at 10:14 a.m. PST on Monday, April 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “maximum bite” will be taken out of the sun at 11:13 a.m. PST to about an hour later, and the event will officially end at around 12:16 p.m. PST, according to Fraknoi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else do you need information about right now?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Here in the Bay, we’ll experience about 45% of the sun’s diameter covered, and the best time to start observing the eclipse is at 11 a.m., Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a few of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991869/when-is-solar-eclipse-2024-bay-area-watch-parties\">places where you can watch the partial eclipse\u003c/a> with others in the Bay Area are \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse\">Exploratorium\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/eclipse\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://lawrencehallofscience.org/events/solar-eclipse-viewing-party/\">Lawrence Hall of Science\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://rfo.org/index.php/calendar-of-events/\">Robert Ferguson Observatory\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/\">Chabot Space and Science Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also observe the eclipse on your own or host your very own watch party. \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/eclipses-tabs/safety/#:~:text=Observing%20our%20star%2C%20the%20Sun,viewing%20glasses%20(eclipse%20glasses).\">Just be sure to watch the eclipse safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we get to experience just a partial eclipse this year, \u003ca href=\"https://nationaleclipse.com/maps/map_08122045.html\">the next time a total solar eclipse will cross California is in 20 years on August 12, 2045.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982247\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982247\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person is looking through a telescope.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1277\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS63098_02172023_chabotastronomy-040-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kayleen Mojica, 21, laughs as she peers at Venus through the 8″ Alvan Clark refractor telescope at Chabot Space and Science Center in Oakland on Feb. 17, 2023. \u003ccite>(Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>How to view a total solar eclipse with glasses and pinhole projectors\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During a solar eclipse, it is never safe to look directly at the sun without solar-filtered eyewear designed for solar viewing. Only when the moon completely covers the sun during totality will it be safe to look at it without eye protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re looking for free eclipse glasses, check with your local public library in the Bay Area, which may well be offering them. You might also be able to snag eclipse glasses at places like the California Academy of Sciences, Exploratorium, and Chabot Space and Science Center. If you’re planning to buy eclipse glasses online, Fraknoi recommends two U.S.-based companies: \u003ca href=\"https://www.rainbowsymphony.com/\">Rainbow Symphony\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.3dglassesonline.com/products/eclipsers/\">American Paper Optics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a running list of events around the solar eclipse in North California, visit the \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/aancsite/calendar/eclipses/2024-april-8-eclipse\">Astronomical Association of Northern California\u003c/a> website for the most recent updates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also explore indirect viewing methods by making \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/learn/project/how-to-make-a-pinhole-camera/\">your own pinhole projector to view the eclipse safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The surreal experience of the total solar eclipse: What can you expect from the total solar eclipse?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Shreenivasan Manievannan, a professional photographer and Bay Area resident, will be planning to travel to Niagara Falls with the company he works for, GoPro, to capture a timelapse and photographs of the total solar eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manievannan said that for him, the most exciting part of the 2017 total solar eclipse was seeing the day change from light to dark in just a few minutes. On top of that, he said, it was a surreal experience overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You will start seeing the change in the flow of the river too [during a total solar eclipse] because the wind will suddenly stop during the eclipse,” Manievannan said. “It becomes very calm, and the birds will stop chirping. Everything looks very still.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And once the light comes back again, everything goes back to normal,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Great American Eclipse 2017\" src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/230729300?dnt=1&app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upcoming 2024 total solar eclipse also offers scientists many great opportunities. Researchers will use various instruments and methods to observe and study the eclipse, from telescopes and cameras on the ground and in the air to satellites and sensors in space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/science-in-the-shadows-nasa-selects-5-experiments-for-2024-total-solar-eclipse/\">NASA has funded five scientific projects for the 2024 Eclipse\u003c/a> to collect this data that’s only available during eclipses. These projects aim to study the sun’s corona and its impact on Earth’s atmosphere. \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/citizen-science/\">Citizen scientists are also invited to contribute their observations \u003c/a>during the total solar eclipse to help with scientific discoveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else do you need information about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2024. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID-19\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger and help us decide what to cover here on our site and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story was originally published on January 27, 2024.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"id": "closealltabs",
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
},
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
},
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"meta": {
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
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"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
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