From Trash to Cash: Old Landfills Yield New Opportunities
The Blue Rock of Antioch
Side Trips from Interstate 5: The Deep San Joaquin Valley
Methane Moves From Landfill to Fuel Tank
Making Better Land
Boom Times for Recycling
Boom Times For The Recycling Industry
Reporter's Notes: Is This Recyclable?
Sponsored
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In writing about geology in the Bay Area and surroundings, he hopes to share some of the useful and pleasurable insights that geologists give us—not just facts about the deep past, but an attitude that might be called the \u003ci>deep present\u003c/i>.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/andrew-alden/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andrew Alden | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andrew-alden"},"jennifer-skene":{"type":"authors","id":"10200","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10200","found":true},"name":"Jennifer Skene","firstName":"Jennifer","lastName":"Skene","slug":"jennifer-skene","email":"jen@skene.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Jennifer Skene develops curriculum on climate change and ocean sciences at the Lawrence Hall of Science and teaches biology and science communication at Mills College and the University of California Berkeley. She has a degree in biology from Brown University and a Ph.D. in Integrative Biology from UC Berkeley. She started working with QUEST in 2008 as an intern. She has written for the Berkeley Science Review and the UC Museum of Paleontology’s Understanding Evolution and Understanding Science websites.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jennifer Skene | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jennifer-skene"},"mshipman":{"type":"authors","id":"10464","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10464","found":true},"name":"Matt Shipman","firstName":"Matt","lastName":"Shipman","slug":"mshipman","email":"shiplives@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Matt Shipman is a science writer and public information officer at North Carolina State University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1a6c669e1967330f8c806304cd1e6054?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Matt Shipman | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1a6c669e1967330f8c806304cd1e6054?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1a6c669e1967330f8c806304cd1e6054?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mshipman"},"sami":{"type":"authors","id":"10529","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10529","found":true},"name":"Sami Grover","firstName":"Sami","lastName":"Grover","slug":"sami","email":"sami@thechangecreation.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Sami Grover is a writer, blogger, brand strategist and activist based out of Durham, North Carolina. He is also Creative Director and co-owner at The Change Creation. Sami contributes regularly to TreeHugger and Mother Nature Network. You can also find his musings at ETSY Blog, NC Sustainability Center, HuffPost Green and Don't Sell Bodies. When he's not busy writing, he's probably obsessing over his compost pile.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c0fca58980f50c7a59577a29dd71d6d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sami Grover | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c0fca58980f50c7a59577a29dd71d6d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c0fca58980f50c7a59577a29dd71d6d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sami"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_55886":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_55886","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"55886","score":null,"sort":[1387292442000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"litterati-digital-landfill","title":"#Digital Landfill","publishDate":1387292442,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64807\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-64807\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati users often take an artistic approach to their posts. Batteries and bottle caps become inspiration for Instagram updates. Source: Litterati\" width=\"640\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640-400x133.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati users often take an artistic approach to their posts. Batteries and bottle caps become inspiration for Instagram updates. Source: Litterati\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anyone who has been mushroom hunting will be familiar with the experience of walking for hours and not seeing a single specimen. Yet the minute you locate your first mushroom, they suddenly appear everywhere. Known interchangeably as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.damninteresting.com/the-baader-meinhof-phenomenon/\">Baader-Meinhof phenomenon\u003c/a> and the frequency illusion, such shifts in perception are the result of our brain’s extraordinary capacity to spot and interpret patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once we notice something, we’re much more likely to take note when we come across it again. Without realizing it, we’ve had a shift in consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64755\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64755\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/1-253x253.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati founder Jeff Kirshner tags a piece of litter in Oakland, CA.\" width=\"253\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati founder Jeff Kirshner tags a piece of litter in Oakland, CA.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For tech entrepreneur Jeff Kirschner, this phenomenon may hold the key to solving a uniquely modern problem -- litter. It all started when he took a walk in the woods with his children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My daughter noticed a plastic tub of kitty litter in a creek. ‘Daaaaddy, that doesn't go there.’ That was an eye-opening moment for me,” Kirschner said. “We have become desensitized to trash. Litter is so ubiquitous that for most of us it just fades into the background.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our culture’s tendency to litter has wide-reaching consequences. According to a recent study \u003ca href=\"http://www.statisticbrain.com/littering-statistics/\">over 75 percent of us admit to littering\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s the big deal? When litter doesn't make it to a recycling center or trash bin, it ends up in the natural world. For example, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X12005668\">Plymouth University study\u003c/a> found that one-third of fish caught in the English Channel were contaminated with microplastics in their intestinal tracts, something to think about over your next plate of fish and chips! Because we humans sit toward the top of the food chain, any contamination of fish or animals eventually works its way back up to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 252px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Floating-Lightbulb.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-64539 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Floating-Lightbulb-252x253.jpg\" alt=\"A light bulb moment for #Litterati user @goproinparadise. This image was taken off the coast of Koh Phi Phi, Thailand.\" width=\"252\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A light bulb moment for #Litterati user @goproinparadise. This image was taken off the coast of Koh Phi Phi, Thailand.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kirschner started thinking about how technology might make a difference, and the result was \u003ca href=\"http://www.litterati.org/index.php\">Litterati\u003c/a>, a new kind of social network based on a shared determination to see and take responsibility for the mess that we have created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was reminded of being a kid at summer camp,” he said. “Our director would instruct us to each pick up five pieces of trash. Suddenly you had 200 kids each picking up five pieces, and within a few minutes we had a much cleaner camp. So my idea was to apply that same crowdsource-cleaning behavior to the entire planet. That was the inspiration for Litterati.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using smart phones, Litterati users take photos of trash. They share them via Instagram using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"http://instagram.com/litterati\">#litterati\u003c/a>, and then they dispose of the trash responsibly. The result is an ever-growing “virtual landfill,” which serves as a striking reminder of just how much we waste as a culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">As a recent recruit, I can attest that the experience is surprisingly addictive, and I can report a distinct shift in perception. Once you start photographing cigarette packets on the sidewalk or Coke cans in a ditch, you also start noticing what else is being thrown away -- old bandages, store receipts, condoms, beer cans -- and you are confronted with an unavoidable realization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This stuff is literally \u003cstrong>everywhere.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64815\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Global-Map850.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Global-Map850-450x232.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati users across the world have documented - and presumably discarded - over 27,000 pieces of trash.\" width=\"450\" height=\"232\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati users across the world have documented - and presumably discarded - over 27,000 pieces of trash. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Litterati doesn’t just help us see litter -- it also empowers users to do something about it. By creating a community of like-minded activists, Litterati helps normalize the act of picking up other people’s trash. Crucially, by mapping where litter is occurring and what it consists of, it also creates an important feedback loop for companies and municipalities to better understand the scope of the problem and to take more effective action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Kirschner explained, the site has already attracted some productive partnerships, “Last year on Earth Day we partnered with Whole Foods. Anyone who picked up one piece of litter could show their Litterati photograph and get a free cup of coffee. During this year's California Coastal Cleanup we partnered with the California Coastal Commission and Chipotle and ran a photo contest. And this past month we ran a contest with the NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) to help fight plastic pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where Litterati goes from here remains to be seen. It has already garnered attention from media outlets like \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/10/16/change-agents-jeff-kirschner-litterati/2953709/\">USA Today\u003c/a>, and there are ideas to “gamify” the platform to encourage friendly competition among users and even communities. Kirschner enthusiastically imagines a competitive Litterati-empowered trash pickup among communities across the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, though, Kirschner insisted that Litterati is about cooperation, not competition, and taking positive action, not pointing fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to create a “litter-free world,” he said, “but I’m well aware that picking up litter doesn’t solve our trash problem. It does serve to shift consciousness, though, and we can use that newfound consciousness to inspire action from our neighbors, our communities, our governments, and the corporations we buy from, too.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Can an Instagram trend create a litter-free world? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1387228305,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":899},"headData":{"title":"#Digital Landfill | KQED","description":"Can an Instagram trend create a litter-free world? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"#Digital Landfill","datePublished":"2013-12-17T15:00:42.000Z","dateModified":"2013-12-16T21:11:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"55886 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=55886","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/17/litterati-digital-landfill/","disqusTitle":"#Digital Landfill","path":"/quest/55886/litterati-digital-landfill","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64807\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-64807\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati users often take an artistic approach to their posts. Batteries and bottle caps become inspiration for Instagram updates. Source: Litterati\" width=\"640\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640-400x133.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati users often take an artistic approach to their posts. Batteries and bottle caps become inspiration for Instagram updates. Source: Litterati\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anyone who has been mushroom hunting will be familiar with the experience of walking for hours and not seeing a single specimen. Yet the minute you locate your first mushroom, they suddenly appear everywhere. Known interchangeably as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.damninteresting.com/the-baader-meinhof-phenomenon/\">Baader-Meinhof phenomenon\u003c/a> and the frequency illusion, such shifts in perception are the result of our brain’s extraordinary capacity to spot and interpret patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once we notice something, we’re much more likely to take note when we come across it again. Without realizing it, we’ve had a shift in consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64755\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64755\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/1-253x253.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati founder Jeff Kirshner tags a piece of litter in Oakland, CA.\" width=\"253\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati founder Jeff Kirshner tags a piece of litter in Oakland, CA.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For tech entrepreneur Jeff Kirschner, this phenomenon may hold the key to solving a uniquely modern problem -- litter. It all started when he took a walk in the woods with his children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My daughter noticed a plastic tub of kitty litter in a creek. ‘Daaaaddy, that doesn't go there.’ That was an eye-opening moment for me,” Kirschner said. “We have become desensitized to trash. Litter is so ubiquitous that for most of us it just fades into the background.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our culture’s tendency to litter has wide-reaching consequences. According to a recent study \u003ca href=\"http://www.statisticbrain.com/littering-statistics/\">over 75 percent of us admit to littering\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s the big deal? When litter doesn't make it to a recycling center or trash bin, it ends up in the natural world. For example, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X12005668\">Plymouth University study\u003c/a> found that one-third of fish caught in the English Channel were contaminated with microplastics in their intestinal tracts, something to think about over your next plate of fish and chips! Because we humans sit toward the top of the food chain, any contamination of fish or animals eventually works its way back up to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 252px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Floating-Lightbulb.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-64539 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Floating-Lightbulb-252x253.jpg\" alt=\"A light bulb moment for #Litterati user @goproinparadise. This image was taken off the coast of Koh Phi Phi, Thailand.\" width=\"252\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A light bulb moment for #Litterati user @goproinparadise. This image was taken off the coast of Koh Phi Phi, Thailand.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kirschner started thinking about how technology might make a difference, and the result was \u003ca href=\"http://www.litterati.org/index.php\">Litterati\u003c/a>, a new kind of social network based on a shared determination to see and take responsibility for the mess that we have created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was reminded of being a kid at summer camp,” he said. “Our director would instruct us to each pick up five pieces of trash. Suddenly you had 200 kids each picking up five pieces, and within a few minutes we had a much cleaner camp. So my idea was to apply that same crowdsource-cleaning behavior to the entire planet. That was the inspiration for Litterati.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using smart phones, Litterati users take photos of trash. They share them via Instagram using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"http://instagram.com/litterati\">#litterati\u003c/a>, and then they dispose of the trash responsibly. The result is an ever-growing “virtual landfill,” which serves as a striking reminder of just how much we waste as a culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">As a recent recruit, I can attest that the experience is surprisingly addictive, and I can report a distinct shift in perception. Once you start photographing cigarette packets on the sidewalk or Coke cans in a ditch, you also start noticing what else is being thrown away -- old bandages, store receipts, condoms, beer cans -- and you are confronted with an unavoidable realization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This stuff is literally \u003cstrong>everywhere.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64815\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Global-Map850.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Global-Map850-450x232.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati users across the world have documented - and presumably discarded - over 27,000 pieces of trash.\" width=\"450\" height=\"232\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati users across the world have documented - and presumably discarded - over 27,000 pieces of trash. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Litterati doesn’t just help us see litter -- it also empowers users to do something about it. By creating a community of like-minded activists, Litterati helps normalize the act of picking up other people’s trash. Crucially, by mapping where litter is occurring and what it consists of, it also creates an important feedback loop for companies and municipalities to better understand the scope of the problem and to take more effective action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Kirschner explained, the site has already attracted some productive partnerships, “Last year on Earth Day we partnered with Whole Foods. Anyone who picked up one piece of litter could show their Litterati photograph and get a free cup of coffee. During this year's California Coastal Cleanup we partnered with the California Coastal Commission and Chipotle and ran a photo contest. And this past month we ran a contest with the NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) to help fight plastic pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where Litterati goes from here remains to be seen. It has already garnered attention from media outlets like \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/10/16/change-agents-jeff-kirschner-litterati/2953709/\">USA Today\u003c/a>, and there are ideas to “gamify” the platform to encourage friendly competition among users and even communities. Kirschner enthusiastically imagines a competitive Litterati-empowered trash pickup among communities across the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, though, Kirschner insisted that Litterati is about cooperation, not competition, and taking positive action, not pointing fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to create a “litter-free world,” he said, “but I’m well aware that picking up litter doesn’t solve our trash problem. It does serve to shift consciousness, though, and we can use that newfound consciousness to inspire action from our neighbors, our communities, our governments, and the corporations we buy from, too.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/55886/litterati-digital-landfill","authors":["10529"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_527","quest_12269","quest_12480","quest_1607","quest_12478","quest_12479","quest_2349","quest_3290","quest_2986","quest_10363"],"featImg":"quest_64806","label":"quest"},"quest_56992":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_56992","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"56992","score":null,"sort":[1373378412000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"from-trash-to-cash-old-landfills-yield-new-opportunities","title":"From Trash to Cash: Old Landfills Yield New Opportunities","publishDate":1373378412,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57421\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Salvage-Yard-Montana-1942-16-9.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-57421\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Salvage-Yard-Montana-1942-16-9-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lee, Russell, 1903-1986, photographer.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World War II salvage site in Butte, Montana. Photo by Russell Lee, 1942.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57422\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 164px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/SaveYourCans.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57422\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/SaveYourCans-164x253.jpg\" alt=\"By McClelland Barclay for War Production Board, Salvage Division, 1941–1942\" width=\"164\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WWII poster by McClelland Barclay for War Production Board, Salvage Division, 1941–1942. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Matt Shipman - Raleigh, NC\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States was very good at recycling during World War II. It was our patriotic duty. Families brought everything from scrap metal to old tires in to collection centers where they were used to make supplies for the war effort. But when the war ended, so did recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the late 1940s to the early 1970s, Americans were making (and buying) things but not recycling them. We made refrigerators the size of cars and cars the size of boats. And when a product was broken, or even if it wasn’t, it was thrown away. Used cars, refrigerators, mountains of cans, and countless other household products found their way into junkyards and landfills. Now, we may want them back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s why: resources, such as metals, are becoming more and more expensive. A pound of copper set you back less than a dollar in 2000. Since then, copper prices have more than tripled, reaching a high of $3.92 per pound in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is likely that, in the distant future, landfills will become very valuable sources of many raw materials,” says Jamie Caswell, a spokesperson for the National Mining Association. “We are not there yet, though -- at least not in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other countries \u003cstrong>are \u003c/strong>there. The Belgian waste management company Group Machiels has \u003ca href=\"http://www.machiels.com/company-detail.aspx?ID=885c55e0-f3b6-4fe6-aa25-1fa7bfc312dd\">announced plans\u003c/a> to mine a landfill east of Brussels. Group Machiels estimates that 45 percent of the material in the landfill can be recycled, with the remainder to be converted into gas that can be used as a fuel source -- calling to mind images of \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HYoq6vIVXc\">Doc Brown fueling his time machine\u003c/a> in the film \u003cstrong>Back to the Future\u003c/strong>\u003cem>.\u003c/em> The process, called \u003ca href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/plasma-converter.htm\">plasmification\u003c/a>, uses extremely high temperatures to break organic material down into a sort of synthetic version of natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57448\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Mt_Trashmore_kingkog911.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57448\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Mt_Trashmore_kingkog911-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Mt. Trashmore encompasses 165 acres in Virginia Beach, VA. Photo courtesy: King Kong 911 (link to flickr page: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sonypic/\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mount Trashmore Park encompasses 165 acres in Virginia Beach, VA. Photo courtesy: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/sonypic/\">King Kong 911\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What obstacles exist to landfill mining in the United States? For one thing, many older landfill sites have been developed, making them essentially inaccessible for mining operations. For example, in the 1970s, a landfill in Virginia Beach, Virginia was turned into a popular 165-acre recreation area called \u003ca href=\"http://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/parks-recreation/parks-trails/city-parks/Pages/mount-trashmore-park.aspx\">Mount Trashmore Park. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another challenge is the lack of precedent: with no federal landfill-mining laws on the books, there is uncertainty about how the process might be regulated. And companies hate uncertainty -- it’s hard to plan for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally, as any fan of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_Wars\">\u003cstrong>Storage Wars\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem> \u003c/em>will tell you, there is always a risk when bidding on something sight unseen. Companies want assurance that they will turn a profit, and that depends on what exactly is buried in a landfill. If it contains a lot of metal, it might be a good investment. If it’s full of old sofas and polystyrene fast-food containers, it is more likely to lose money. And if the mining uncovers asbestos or other hazardous materials, a company could find itself saddled with the costly task of disposing of hazardous waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that we don’t have a lot of information about what exactly is in our landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is only in recent years that accurate knowledge, and then only in broad terms, is available to assess what wastes a landfill site may contain,” according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iswa.org%2Findex.php%3FeID%3Dtx_iswaknowledgebase_download%26documentUid%3D3154&ei=RFK7UbmTOY3w8ATiiYCIAQ&usg=AFQjCNERHnQyaTPdML4wUfOagculUy4swg&sig2=y_S9E-f\">an issue paper\u003c/a> on landfill mining released by the International Solid Waste Association. And since those evaluation techniques are essential to estimate both profit and risk, they may need to improve before companies opt to pursue landfill mining in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, if the cost of metals continues to rise, some companies may decide the risk is worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We made use of old materials in the 1940s because it was the patriotic thing to do. We may do the same in the 21st century because it is the practical thing to do. It might even be profitable, and there’s nothing more American than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57451\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 535px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/UN-Landfill-image.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-57451 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/UN-Landfill-image-535x360.jpg\" alt=\"UN Photo/Evan Schneider\" width=\"535\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Americans generate 250 million tons of trash each year, according to the EPA. United Nations photo by Evan Schneider\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As resources become more expensive, America may start mining its landfills for raw materials. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1373378420,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":729},"headData":{"title":"From Trash to Cash: Old Landfills Yield New Opportunities | KQED","description":"As resources become more expensive, America may start mining its landfills for raw materials. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"From Trash to Cash: Old Landfills Yield New Opportunities","datePublished":"2013-07-09T14:00:12.000Z","dateModified":"2013-07-09T14:00:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"56992 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=56992","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/09/from-trash-to-cash-old-landfills-yield-new-opportunities/","disqusTitle":"From Trash to Cash: Old Landfills Yield New Opportunities","path":"/quest/56992/from-trash-to-cash-old-landfills-yield-new-opportunities","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57421\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Salvage-Yard-Montana-1942-16-9.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-57421\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Salvage-Yard-Montana-1942-16-9-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lee, Russell, 1903-1986, photographer.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World War II salvage site in Butte, Montana. Photo by Russell Lee, 1942.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57422\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 164px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/SaveYourCans.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57422\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/SaveYourCans-164x253.jpg\" alt=\"By McClelland Barclay for War Production Board, Salvage Division, 1941–1942\" width=\"164\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WWII poster by McClelland Barclay for War Production Board, Salvage Division, 1941–1942. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Matt Shipman - Raleigh, NC\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States was very good at recycling during World War II. It was our patriotic duty. Families brought everything from scrap metal to old tires in to collection centers where they were used to make supplies for the war effort. But when the war ended, so did recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the late 1940s to the early 1970s, Americans were making (and buying) things but not recycling them. We made refrigerators the size of cars and cars the size of boats. And when a product was broken, or even if it wasn’t, it was thrown away. Used cars, refrigerators, mountains of cans, and countless other household products found their way into junkyards and landfills. Now, we may want them back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s why: resources, such as metals, are becoming more and more expensive. A pound of copper set you back less than a dollar in 2000. Since then, copper prices have more than tripled, reaching a high of $3.92 per pound in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is likely that, in the distant future, landfills will become very valuable sources of many raw materials,” says Jamie Caswell, a spokesperson for the National Mining Association. “We are not there yet, though -- at least not in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other countries \u003cstrong>are \u003c/strong>there. The Belgian waste management company Group Machiels has \u003ca href=\"http://www.machiels.com/company-detail.aspx?ID=885c55e0-f3b6-4fe6-aa25-1fa7bfc312dd\">announced plans\u003c/a> to mine a landfill east of Brussels. Group Machiels estimates that 45 percent of the material in the landfill can be recycled, with the remainder to be converted into gas that can be used as a fuel source -- calling to mind images of \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HYoq6vIVXc\">Doc Brown fueling his time machine\u003c/a> in the film \u003cstrong>Back to the Future\u003c/strong>\u003cem>.\u003c/em> The process, called \u003ca href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/plasma-converter.htm\">plasmification\u003c/a>, uses extremely high temperatures to break organic material down into a sort of synthetic version of natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57448\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Mt_Trashmore_kingkog911.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57448\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Mt_Trashmore_kingkog911-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Mt. Trashmore encompasses 165 acres in Virginia Beach, VA. Photo courtesy: King Kong 911 (link to flickr page: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sonypic/\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mount Trashmore Park encompasses 165 acres in Virginia Beach, VA. Photo courtesy: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/sonypic/\">King Kong 911\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What obstacles exist to landfill mining in the United States? For one thing, many older landfill sites have been developed, making them essentially inaccessible for mining operations. For example, in the 1970s, a landfill in Virginia Beach, Virginia was turned into a popular 165-acre recreation area called \u003ca href=\"http://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/parks-recreation/parks-trails/city-parks/Pages/mount-trashmore-park.aspx\">Mount Trashmore Park. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another challenge is the lack of precedent: with no federal landfill-mining laws on the books, there is uncertainty about how the process might be regulated. And companies hate uncertainty -- it’s hard to plan for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally, as any fan of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_Wars\">\u003cstrong>Storage Wars\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem> \u003c/em>will tell you, there is always a risk when bidding on something sight unseen. Companies want assurance that they will turn a profit, and that depends on what exactly is buried in a landfill. If it contains a lot of metal, it might be a good investment. If it’s full of old sofas and polystyrene fast-food containers, it is more likely to lose money. And if the mining uncovers asbestos or other hazardous materials, a company could find itself saddled with the costly task of disposing of hazardous waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that we don’t have a lot of information about what exactly is in our landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is only in recent years that accurate knowledge, and then only in broad terms, is available to assess what wastes a landfill site may contain,” according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iswa.org%2Findex.php%3FeID%3Dtx_iswaknowledgebase_download%26documentUid%3D3154&ei=RFK7UbmTOY3w8ATiiYCIAQ&usg=AFQjCNERHnQyaTPdML4wUfOagculUy4swg&sig2=y_S9E-f\">an issue paper\u003c/a> on landfill mining released by the International Solid Waste Association. And since those evaluation techniques are essential to estimate both profit and risk, they may need to improve before companies opt to pursue landfill mining in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, if the cost of metals continues to rise, some companies may decide the risk is worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We made use of old materials in the 1940s because it was the patriotic thing to do. We may do the same in the 21st century because it is the practical thing to do. It might even be profitable, and there’s nothing more American than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57451\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 535px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/UN-Landfill-image.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-57451 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/UN-Landfill-image-535x360.jpg\" alt=\"UN Photo/Evan Schneider\" width=\"535\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Americans generate 250 million tons of trash each year, according to the EPA. United Nations photo by Evan Schneider\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/56992/from-trash-to-cash-old-landfills-yield-new-opportunities","authors":["10464"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_6","quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_984","quest_1607","quest_1797","quest_10298","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3290","quest_12137","quest_2986","quest_10363","quest_10303"],"featImg":"quest_57421","label":"quest"},"quest_39231":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_39231","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"39231","score":null,"sort":[1339099917000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-blue-rock-of-antioch","title":"The Blue Rock of Antioch","publishDate":1339099917,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Last weekend I was part of a field trip through the northernmost part of the Diablo Range, the high Los Medanos Hills north of Mount Diablo that overlook Suisun Bay and western Delta. There is a lot going on there, geologically speaking, that was hard to completely absorb despite the best efforts of our guide, who has spent more than 40 years in these rocks. But I was impressed with the personality, for lack of a better word, of several rock units we saw that day. Let me show you one of them: the blue rock called the Neroly Sandstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of our stops was near Bailey Road, an offbeat route through these hills known to locals as the one between Willow Pass and Kirker Pass, connecting east Concord and west Pittsburg. The state-of-the-art Keller Canyon Landfill is there, and we got a guided tour of its operations as well as its geologic setting. At our first stop we visited an outcrop of the Neroly Sandstone, which is the cliff-forming unit exposed in these hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39236\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolyhill/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39236\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolyhill\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39236\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neroly Sandstone crops out in the Los Medanos Hills. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Neroly got its name in 1930 from an old train stop east of here. In 1949 another geologist renamed it the Neroly Formation. By either name, it's lumped into the San Pablo Group along with the underlying Cierbo and Briones Formations. It's considered the equivalent of the similar Etchegoin Formation farther south near the Kettleman Hills. It has been assigned a Pliocene age, roughly 4 million years. As we approached the outcrop, some of us noted its bluish color but others couldn't see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolycrop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39234\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolycrop\" width=\"600\" height=\"430\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39234\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop-400x287.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting still closer didn't help a lot. It seemed to be both brown and blue, and on a day with a bright, open sky shadows naturally have a bluish cast. But here we could see its nature: a thick sequence of coarse sandstone with thin, discontinuous bedding, the kind of thing laid down by rivers. Our guide explained that fossils of plant debris are commonly found in the Neroly. That made me prick up my eyes, although this particular outcrop was barren of fossils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolyface/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39235\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolyface\" width=\"600\" height=\"471\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39235\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface-400x314.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point I picked up a blue pebble and passed it around the group; later I popped it in my pocket. Here it is:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/blueclay/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39233\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"blueclay\" width=\"600\" height=\"429\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39233\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This specimen makes it clear that the sediment particles making up the rock are not themselves blue. Rather, each particle has a thin coating of blue material. This was identified in a 1957 paper as a clay mineral, a variety of montmorillonite, that formed by the alteration of the particles. Those particles, in turn, are volcanic rock erupted somewhere in today's Sierra Nevada. But the blue clay is not what holds the rock together. Instead it's just a bit of calcite. That tends to dissolve easily in surface conditions and explains what I found next, in a hollow eroded into the rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolypit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39232\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolypit\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39232\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind and water have gently freed the clay-covered grains and removed the rest. A rock of blue grains was cemented by brownish material, explaining its ambiguous color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture we have of the Neroly Sandstone is a huge, widespread blanket of volcanic sand and gravel spread west of the Sierra and rounded by vigorous rivers. At the same time, the gravel was left alone in tropical conditions enough to partially degrade into blue clay. How was it tilted up and exposed? Where does it go underground? What else is special about it? The answers are: compression across the Central Valley has pushed it up; it extends all the way across the Valley and matches up with the Mehrten Formation in the western Sierra foothills; and its porous nature makes it an important aquifer (water-bearing rock) in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving home at the end of our trip, we passed the spiffy Bluerock Center in Antioch. It's not far from the Neroly Sandstone, and I'm sure that the rock was well known to Antioch's early inhabitants. The big stone specimen at its entrance was something else, though: probably a \"black granite\" ordered by the landscape designers from a catalog.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":" Introducing a distinctive young stone of the Coast Range, the blue rock of the Neroly Sandstone.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1340306628,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":699},"headData":{"title":"The Blue Rock of Antioch | KQED","description":" Introducing a distinctive young stone of the Coast Range, the blue rock of the Neroly Sandstone.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Blue Rock of Antioch","datePublished":"2012-06-07T20:11:57.000Z","dateModified":"2012-06-21T19:23:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"39231 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=39231","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/","disqusTitle":"The Blue Rock of Antioch","path":"/quest/39231/the-blue-rock-of-antioch","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last weekend I was part of a field trip through the northernmost part of the Diablo Range, the high Los Medanos Hills north of Mount Diablo that overlook Suisun Bay and western Delta. There is a lot going on there, geologically speaking, that was hard to completely absorb despite the best efforts of our guide, who has spent more than 40 years in these rocks. But I was impressed with the personality, for lack of a better word, of several rock units we saw that day. Let me show you one of them: the blue rock called the Neroly Sandstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of our stops was near Bailey Road, an offbeat route through these hills known to locals as the one between Willow Pass and Kirker Pass, connecting east Concord and west Pittsburg. The state-of-the-art Keller Canyon Landfill is there, and we got a guided tour of its operations as well as its geologic setting. At our first stop we visited an outcrop of the Neroly Sandstone, which is the cliff-forming unit exposed in these hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39236\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolyhill/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39236\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolyhill\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39236\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neroly Sandstone crops out in the Los Medanos Hills. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Neroly got its name in 1930 from an old train stop east of here. In 1949 another geologist renamed it the Neroly Formation. By either name, it's lumped into the San Pablo Group along with the underlying Cierbo and Briones Formations. It's considered the equivalent of the similar Etchegoin Formation farther south near the Kettleman Hills. It has been assigned a Pliocene age, roughly 4 million years. As we approached the outcrop, some of us noted its bluish color but others couldn't see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolycrop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39234\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolycrop\" width=\"600\" height=\"430\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39234\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop-400x287.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting still closer didn't help a lot. It seemed to be both brown and blue, and on a day with a bright, open sky shadows naturally have a bluish cast. But here we could see its nature: a thick sequence of coarse sandstone with thin, discontinuous bedding, the kind of thing laid down by rivers. Our guide explained that fossils of plant debris are commonly found in the Neroly. That made me prick up my eyes, although this particular outcrop was barren of fossils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolyface/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39235\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolyface\" width=\"600\" height=\"471\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39235\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface-400x314.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point I picked up a blue pebble and passed it around the group; later I popped it in my pocket. Here it is:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/blueclay/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39233\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"blueclay\" width=\"600\" height=\"429\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39233\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This specimen makes it clear that the sediment particles making up the rock are not themselves blue. Rather, each particle has a thin coating of blue material. This was identified in a 1957 paper as a clay mineral, a variety of montmorillonite, that formed by the alteration of the particles. Those particles, in turn, are volcanic rock erupted somewhere in today's Sierra Nevada. But the blue clay is not what holds the rock together. Instead it's just a bit of calcite. That tends to dissolve easily in surface conditions and explains what I found next, in a hollow eroded into the rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolypit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39232\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolypit\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39232\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind and water have gently freed the clay-covered grains and removed the rest. A rock of blue grains was cemented by brownish material, explaining its ambiguous color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture we have of the Neroly Sandstone is a huge, widespread blanket of volcanic sand and gravel spread west of the Sierra and rounded by vigorous rivers. At the same time, the gravel was left alone in tropical conditions enough to partially degrade into blue clay. How was it tilted up and exposed? Where does it go underground? What else is special about it? The answers are: compression across the Central Valley has pushed it up; it extends all the way across the Valley and matches up with the Mehrten Formation in the western Sierra foothills; and its porous nature makes it an important aquifer (water-bearing rock) in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving home at the end of our trip, we passed the spiffy Bluerock Center in Antioch. It's not far from the Neroly Sandstone, and I'm sure that the rock was well known to Antioch's early inhabitants. The big stone specimen at its entrance was something else, though: probably a \"black granite\" ordered by the landscape designers from a catalog.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/39231/the-blue-rock-of-antioch","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_11193","quest_11192","quest_1607","quest_11191","quest_11189","quest_11190","quest_13202","quest_3747"],"featImg":"quest_39236","label":"quest"},"quest_38695":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_38695","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"38695","score":null,"sort":[1337911689000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley","title":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: The Deep San Joaquin Valley","publishDate":1337911689,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fairmeadfossil/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38698\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-38698\" title=\"fairmeadfossil\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadfossil.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadfossil.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadfossil-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pleistocene bones abound beneath the Fairmead landfill near Chowchilla. See them at the Fossil Discovery Center of Madera County. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My previous side trips from I-5 have involved rocks, but that's not all there is to geology. This suggested route, an alternative to taking I-5 straight south to Los Angeles, will expose you to the southern Great Valley's hydrology and many excellent, recently excavated fossils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start by exiting at Santa Nella -- not to patronize the garish set of businesses there, but to take state route 152 east. You'll go all the way across the valley to Route 99, then south from there to the \"Grapevine\".\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first thing you'll notice, if you haven't already, is the profusion of canals in the Valley. They come in all sizes, ranging from the Edmund G. Brown Aqueduct (that's the first one you cross) down to uncountable numbers of field ditches. There are natural streams, but most of the water you'll see is in canals. This one runs parallel to the San Joaquin River about 6 miles west of Dos Palos Y.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/sjvcanal/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38696\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38696\" title=\"SJVcanal\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SJVcanal.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"455\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SJVcanal.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SJVcanal-400x303.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right next to it, the river that gave its name to the San Joaquin Valley was a sandy ditch in March during the rainy season. In good weather you'll be able to see mountains wherever you are, either the Coast Range on the west or the Sierra Nevada on the east (as seen here). I believe that there is no place in California where mountains are not visible if the air is clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/sanjoaquinriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38702\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38702\" title=\"sanjoaquinriver\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/sanjoaquinriver.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/sanjoaquinriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/sanjoaquinriver-400x307.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The far end of route 152 meets Route 99. I recommend the old-timey charm of Chowchilla just north of here for a road stop, but otherwise you'll turn south on 99 and take the very first exit to the \u003ca href=\"http://maderamammoths.org/\">Fossil Discovery Center of Madera County\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38701\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fossilcenter/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38701\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-38701\" title=\"fossilcenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fossilcenter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fossilcenter.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fossilcenter-400x253.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy Tsing Bardin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The center is across the road from a sanitary landfill, and for a good reason: in 1996, diggers at the new Fairmead landfill uncovered a complete mammoth tusk. Soon it was realized that the site contained a world-class Irvingtonian fossil fauna dating from the mid-Pleistocene about half a million years ago. (There's a Bay Area connection here: the Irvingtonian is named for the wonderful bone beds unearthed in the East Bay's Irvington district during freeway construction in the 1940s.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A paleontological foundation was set up and scientific ties established at nearby Cal State Fresno. Whenever the landfill operators open up a new pit, fossil scientists are on hand to harvest what they can. Bones of mammoths, wolves, sabertooth cats, horses, camels, ground sloths and many smaller creatures are stockpiled and studied at leisure between digs. The Fossil Discovery Center opened its doors in late 2010 and makes an excellent visit whatever your level of interest or expertise. Its outdoor \"Pleistocene Water Source\" exhibit makes it easy to imagine the lush scene in ancient times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fairmeadwaterexhibit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38700\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38700\" title=\"fairmeadwaterexhibit\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadwaterexhibit.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadwaterexhibit.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadwaterexhibit-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can sit out back, next to the fossil washing station, and cast your eye over the surrounding land. I was told that the center has options on some of this acreage, where thousands more fossils surely lie in wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fairmeadgrounds/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38699\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38699\" title=\"fairmeadgrounds\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadgrounds.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadgrounds.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadgrounds-400x257.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually you'll need to return to 99 and resume your journey. Another stop you should consider is in Bakersfield, where less than 5 miles east of the road on Stockdale Highway is the city's gracious new Riverwalk Park on the Kern River, which is still a vigorous stream here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/bakersfieldriverpark/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38697\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38697\" title=\"bakersfieldriverpark\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/bakersfieldriverpark.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/bakersfieldriverpark.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/bakersfieldriverpark-400x258.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bakersfield has a lot going on. Another spot to consider visiting is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sharktoothhill.org/\">Buena Vista Museum of Natural History\u003c/a>, home of superb fossils from nearby \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/fossilbasics/ss/Sharktooth-Hill.htm\">Sharktooth Hill\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Central Valley has rocks and oil, but its geology also includes water and fossils. See them in this side trip during your next drive south.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1340306912,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":613},"headData":{"title":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: The Deep San Joaquin Valley | KQED","description":"The Central Valley has rocks and oil, but its geology also includes water and fossils. See them in this side trip during your next drive south.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: The Deep San Joaquin Valley","datePublished":"2012-05-25T02:08:09.000Z","dateModified":"2012-06-21T19:28:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"38695 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=38695","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/","disqusTitle":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: The Deep San Joaquin Valley","path":"/quest/38695/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fairmeadfossil/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38698\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-38698\" title=\"fairmeadfossil\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadfossil.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadfossil.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadfossil-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pleistocene bones abound beneath the Fairmead landfill near Chowchilla. See them at the Fossil Discovery Center of Madera County. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My previous side trips from I-5 have involved rocks, but that's not all there is to geology. This suggested route, an alternative to taking I-5 straight south to Los Angeles, will expose you to the southern Great Valley's hydrology and many excellent, recently excavated fossils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start by exiting at Santa Nella -- not to patronize the garish set of businesses there, but to take state route 152 east. You'll go all the way across the valley to Route 99, then south from there to the \"Grapevine\".\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first thing you'll notice, if you haven't already, is the profusion of canals in the Valley. They come in all sizes, ranging from the Edmund G. Brown Aqueduct (that's the first one you cross) down to uncountable numbers of field ditches. There are natural streams, but most of the water you'll see is in canals. This one runs parallel to the San Joaquin River about 6 miles west of Dos Palos Y.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/sjvcanal/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38696\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38696\" title=\"SJVcanal\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SJVcanal.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"455\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SJVcanal.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SJVcanal-400x303.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right next to it, the river that gave its name to the San Joaquin Valley was a sandy ditch in March during the rainy season. In good weather you'll be able to see mountains wherever you are, either the Coast Range on the west or the Sierra Nevada on the east (as seen here). I believe that there is no place in California where mountains are not visible if the air is clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/sanjoaquinriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38702\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38702\" title=\"sanjoaquinriver\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/sanjoaquinriver.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/sanjoaquinriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/sanjoaquinriver-400x307.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The far end of route 152 meets Route 99. I recommend the old-timey charm of Chowchilla just north of here for a road stop, but otherwise you'll turn south on 99 and take the very first exit to the \u003ca href=\"http://maderamammoths.org/\">Fossil Discovery Center of Madera County\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38701\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fossilcenter/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38701\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-38701\" title=\"fossilcenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fossilcenter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fossilcenter.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fossilcenter-400x253.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy Tsing Bardin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The center is across the road from a sanitary landfill, and for a good reason: in 1996, diggers at the new Fairmead landfill uncovered a complete mammoth tusk. Soon it was realized that the site contained a world-class Irvingtonian fossil fauna dating from the mid-Pleistocene about half a million years ago. (There's a Bay Area connection here: the Irvingtonian is named for the wonderful bone beds unearthed in the East Bay's Irvington district during freeway construction in the 1940s.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A paleontological foundation was set up and scientific ties established at nearby Cal State Fresno. Whenever the landfill operators open up a new pit, fossil scientists are on hand to harvest what they can. Bones of mammoths, wolves, sabertooth cats, horses, camels, ground sloths and many smaller creatures are stockpiled and studied at leisure between digs. The Fossil Discovery Center opened its doors in late 2010 and makes an excellent visit whatever your level of interest or expertise. Its outdoor \"Pleistocene Water Source\" exhibit makes it easy to imagine the lush scene in ancient times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fairmeadwaterexhibit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38700\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38700\" title=\"fairmeadwaterexhibit\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadwaterexhibit.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadwaterexhibit.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadwaterexhibit-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can sit out back, next to the fossil washing station, and cast your eye over the surrounding land. I was told that the center has options on some of this acreage, where thousands more fossils surely lie in wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fairmeadgrounds/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38699\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38699\" title=\"fairmeadgrounds\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadgrounds.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadgrounds.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadgrounds-400x257.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually you'll need to return to 99 and resume your journey. Another stop you should consider is in Bakersfield, where less than 5 miles east of the road on Stockdale Highway is the city's gracious new Riverwalk Park on the Kern River, which is still a vigorous stream here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/bakersfieldriverpark/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38697\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38697\" title=\"bakersfieldriverpark\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/bakersfieldriverpark.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/bakersfieldriverpark.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/bakersfieldriverpark-400x258.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bakersfield has a lot going on. Another spot to consider visiting is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sharktoothhill.org/\">Buena Vista Museum of Natural History\u003c/a>, home of superb fossils from nearby \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/fossilbasics/ss/Sharktooth-Hill.htm\">Sharktooth Hill\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/38695/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_11152","quest_3405","quest_1607","quest_1897","quest_2233","quest_13202","quest_33","quest_10793"],"featImg":"quest_38698","label":"quest"},"quest_29665":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_29665","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"29665","score":null,"sort":[1327334842000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"methane-moves-from-landfill-to-fuel-tank","title":"Methane Moves From Landfill to Fuel Tank","publishDate":1327334842,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-29667\" title=\"HuntersPoint\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think. As garbage decomposes, it gives off \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane\">methane\u003c/a>. Methane, when floating around in the atmosphere, is a harmful greenhouse gas; it traps 20 times more heat than CO2. But methane’s other moniker is natural gas, and is an important energy source. Methane from landfills can be captured and used to generate power and fuel vehicles—often the very same garbage trucks that brought the trash to the landfill in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landfills are not just giant heaps of rotting trash. At the base and sides of a landfill, the trash is separated from the natural world by thick plastic liner, which prevents the effluvia from decomposing garbage from entering the environment and contaminating the groundwater. The trash itself is strategically stacked in layers of cells—landfills can be hundreds of feet deep. Within the landfill, different microbes break down the trash via \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion\">anaerobic digestion\u003c/a>. The microbes produce methane gas as a waste product. There are other gases produced too; this mix of gases produced by anaerobic microbes is called biogas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old landfills are punctuated by pipes that collect the biogas, which is then burned to prevent the gas from entering the atmosphere (and prevent the neighbors from smelling the stink). Open flares are just what they sound like—little burning flames of methane. Closed flares filter out the contaminants before the smoke is released. Flaring the biogas at the landfill is probably the most common way of dealing with it. But it is an unfortunate waste of a potentially valuable fuel source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newer landfills are built with methane collection in mind from the early stages of construction. Pipes can be buried in the landfill as it is filled with trash. Pipes can also be placed in wells drilled through the trash after the landfill has begun to be filled. A vacuum system collects the gas as the microbes produce it. The amount of gas a landfill produces depends on the volume of trash and the age of the landfill; eventually, the gas production will peak and then begin to taper off. Today’s big landfills, however, can produce biogas for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane collected from landfills can \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-info/index.html\">generate electricity\u003c/a> via a turbine or internal combustion engine. Often some of the electricity is used at the landfill to run equipment, and the rest is sold to the local utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane from biogas can be converted to compressed natural gas, which can be used as fuel for vehicles. In some areas, regulations stipulate that large fleets of vehicles (with more than about 50 trucks) are required to run on clean fuel. When biogas is converted to compressed natural gas, the vehicles can refuel at the landfill. Building a system that converts biogas into compressed natural gas is a big investment, but the fleet saves on fuel costs for decades. These kinds of biogas systems can be installed at anaerobic waste digesters at places like wastewater treatment plants, not just landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altamont Landfill has taken things a step further, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/11/02/BUM81AE52U.DTL\">converting landfill biogas into liquefied natural gas\u003c/a>. First, impurities are removed, and then the gas is cooled down to a liquid state. This liquefied natural gas is used to fuel Waste Management’s garbage trucks. Altamont Landfill’s liquid natural gas system is the largest in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, we should buy only what we need, recycle what we can, and be careful to compost everything that’s compostable. But it’s nice to know that something useful can come from plain old trash.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367350248,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":668},"headData":{"title":"Methane Moves From Landfill to Fuel Tank | KQED","description":"Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Methane Moves From Landfill to Fuel Tank","datePublished":"2012-01-23T16:07:22.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-30T19:30:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"29665 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=29665","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/23/methane-moves-from-landfill-to-fuel-tank/","disqusTitle":"Methane Moves From Landfill to Fuel Tank","path":"/quest/29665/methane-moves-from-landfill-to-fuel-tank","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-29667\" title=\"HuntersPoint\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think. As garbage decomposes, it gives off \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane\">methane\u003c/a>. Methane, when floating around in the atmosphere, is a harmful greenhouse gas; it traps 20 times more heat than CO2. But methane’s other moniker is natural gas, and is an important energy source. Methane from landfills can be captured and used to generate power and fuel vehicles—often the very same garbage trucks that brought the trash to the landfill in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landfills are not just giant heaps of rotting trash. At the base and sides of a landfill, the trash is separated from the natural world by thick plastic liner, which prevents the effluvia from decomposing garbage from entering the environment and contaminating the groundwater. The trash itself is strategically stacked in layers of cells—landfills can be hundreds of feet deep. Within the landfill, different microbes break down the trash via \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion\">anaerobic digestion\u003c/a>. The microbes produce methane gas as a waste product. There are other gases produced too; this mix of gases produced by anaerobic microbes is called biogas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old landfills are punctuated by pipes that collect the biogas, which is then burned to prevent the gas from entering the atmosphere (and prevent the neighbors from smelling the stink). Open flares are just what they sound like—little burning flames of methane. Closed flares filter out the contaminants before the smoke is released. Flaring the biogas at the landfill is probably the most common way of dealing with it. But it is an unfortunate waste of a potentially valuable fuel source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newer landfills are built with methane collection in mind from the early stages of construction. Pipes can be buried in the landfill as it is filled with trash. Pipes can also be placed in wells drilled through the trash after the landfill has begun to be filled. A vacuum system collects the gas as the microbes produce it. The amount of gas a landfill produces depends on the volume of trash and the age of the landfill; eventually, the gas production will peak and then begin to taper off. Today’s big landfills, however, can produce biogas for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane collected from landfills can \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-info/index.html\">generate electricity\u003c/a> via a turbine or internal combustion engine. Often some of the electricity is used at the landfill to run equipment, and the rest is sold to the local utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane from biogas can be converted to compressed natural gas, which can be used as fuel for vehicles. In some areas, regulations stipulate that large fleets of vehicles (with more than about 50 trucks) are required to run on clean fuel. When biogas is converted to compressed natural gas, the vehicles can refuel at the landfill. Building a system that converts biogas into compressed natural gas is a big investment, but the fleet saves on fuel costs for decades. These kinds of biogas systems can be installed at anaerobic waste digesters at places like wastewater treatment plants, not just landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altamont Landfill has taken things a step further, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/11/02/BUM81AE52U.DTL\">converting landfill biogas into liquefied natural gas\u003c/a>. First, impurities are removed, and then the gas is cooled down to a liquid state. This liquefied natural gas is used to fuel Waste Management’s garbage trucks. Altamont Landfill’s liquid natural gas system is the largest in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, we should buy only what we need, recycle what we can, and be careful to compost everything that’s compostable. But it’s nice to know that something useful can come from plain old trash.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/29665/methane-moves-from-landfill-to-fuel-tank","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10637","quest_10638","quest_1607","quest_1801","quest_13202","quest_2388","quest_2986"],"featImg":"quest_29667","label":"quest"},"quest_24478":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_24478","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"24478","score":null,"sort":[1316114055000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"making-better-land","title":"Making Better Land","publishDate":1316114055,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24480\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/15/making-better-land/madelandsfship/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-24480\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/madelandSFship.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"madelandSFship\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/madelandSFship.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/madelandSFship-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Gold Rush-era ship is excavated from historical fill at a San Francisco construction site in 2005. Photo by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Humans have been making land for thousands of years. Lately we have gotten better at it, but nature has a head start of a few billion years, and we don't work with nature's infinite care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the largest scale, land grows because volcanoes and tectonic movements elevate rocks above sea level. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/28/bay-area-volcanoes/\">The Bay Area has no volcanoes at present\u003c/a>, and the basic framework of our terrain is tectonism organized around the San Andreas fault system. On the scale of human history, that's too slow to be relevant. For growing new land, erosion and deposition matter more to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New land grows naturally around the Bay as wetlands capture sediment washed in with the seawater. Unfortunately for builders, it's soft black mud and it's barely at sea level. And unfortunately for shippers, \"bay mud\" bars vessels from approaching the shore almost everywhere except around steep bodies of bedrock, like Yerba Buena and Alcatraz Islands. When Gold Rush settlers came here to stay, making bay mud into useful landreclamationwas one of their chief concerns. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco there were so many abandoned ships in the harbor that many were simply scuttled and buried in filldredged sand and mud from the Bay, mostly, along with waste rock and debris. We dig up the old ships occasionally while building around the Financial District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More land was made elsewhere simply by diking off sections of the Bay, letting it dry out, and putting it to use growing crops or harvesting sea salt. (Today the salt ponds of the South Bay are carefully being restored to working wetland.) In San Mateo County, levees were built to create Brewer's Island around the turn of the last century. The dry bay mud served as hayfields and salt ponds until T. Jack Foster set out to turn Brewer's Island into a complete planned city. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fostercity.org/community_info/Creating-the-Land.cfm\">creation of Foster City\u003c/a> in the 1960s was overseen by geotechnical engineers, but the basic method was age-old: dredge, dump, drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey has mapped artificial land along with all the other geologic units around the Bay. The majority of this reclaimed land is in the central Bay, in San Francisco and Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/15/making-better-land/bayfillmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-24479\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/bayfillmap-640x232.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"bayfillmap\" width=\"640\" height=\"232\" class=\"size-large wp-image-24479\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reclaimed land shows its weakness in earthquakes. In the 1906 quake it was widely noted that buildings placed on \"made land\" were prone to failure. Nonetheless the city's rubble was used for fill at the site of the 1915 Pan Pacific Exposition, which later became developed as the Marina district. In the 1989 Loma Prieta quake the Marina had the deadliest damage in the city. Likewise, the Cypress section of Interstate 880, in west Oakland, failed where it crossed old fill. In San Francisco the notorious Embarcadero Freeway, also built upon old fill, was torn down shortly after Loma Prieta, before it could fail. Our areas of fill, old and new, will continue to be tested by earthquakes while our reclamation practices continue to improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For geology enthusiasts, Oakland's reclaimed land has given us an unexpected treat, seen in the new Middle Harbor Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/15/making-better-land/madelandtop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-24481\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/madelandtop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"madelandtop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24481\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/madelandtop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/madelandtop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A replica seawall recycles rock from an early land reclamation project: the port of Oakland. Photo by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1880s, early in the creation of Oakland's harbor, a pair of \"training walls\" was built to guide the tides into scouring the ship channel clean. The project required lots of large boulders, and every quarry along the Bay Area shoreline was recruited to supply the stones. When the old north training wall was demolished in 2001, some of the best rocks were set aside. These were made into \u003ca href=\"http://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2011/07/05/oakland-stone-landmarks-middle-harbor-parks-replica-training-wall/\">a replica pier\u003c/a>, nicely laid down in drystone masonry, that displays excellent specimens of Bay Area rock types.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Humans have been reclaiming land for thousands of years. Lately we have gotten better at reclamation, but nature continues to test our work.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1317340123,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":654},"headData":{"title":"Making Better Land | KQED","description":"Humans have been reclaiming land for thousands of years. Lately we have gotten better at reclamation, but nature continues to test our work.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Making Better Land","datePublished":"2011-09-15T19:14:15.000Z","dateModified":"2011-09-29T23:48:43.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"24478 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=24478","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/15/making-better-land/","disqusTitle":"Making Better Land","path":"/quest/24478/making-better-land","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24480\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/15/making-better-land/madelandsfship/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-24480\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/madelandSFship.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"madelandSFship\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/madelandSFship.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/madelandSFship-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Gold Rush-era ship is excavated from historical fill at a San Francisco construction site in 2005. Photo by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Humans have been making land for thousands of years. Lately we have gotten better at it, but nature has a head start of a few billion years, and we don't work with nature's infinite care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the largest scale, land grows because volcanoes and tectonic movements elevate rocks above sea level. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/28/bay-area-volcanoes/\">The Bay Area has no volcanoes at present\u003c/a>, and the basic framework of our terrain is tectonism organized around the San Andreas fault system. On the scale of human history, that's too slow to be relevant. For growing new land, erosion and deposition matter more to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New land grows naturally around the Bay as wetlands capture sediment washed in with the seawater. Unfortunately for builders, it's soft black mud and it's barely at sea level. And unfortunately for shippers, \"bay mud\" bars vessels from approaching the shore almost everywhere except around steep bodies of bedrock, like Yerba Buena and Alcatraz Islands. When Gold Rush settlers came here to stay, making bay mud into useful landreclamationwas one of their chief concerns. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco there were so many abandoned ships in the harbor that many were simply scuttled and buried in filldredged sand and mud from the Bay, mostly, along with waste rock and debris. We dig up the old ships occasionally while building around the Financial District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More land was made elsewhere simply by diking off sections of the Bay, letting it dry out, and putting it to use growing crops or harvesting sea salt. (Today the salt ponds of the South Bay are carefully being restored to working wetland.) In San Mateo County, levees were built to create Brewer's Island around the turn of the last century. The dry bay mud served as hayfields and salt ponds until T. Jack Foster set out to turn Brewer's Island into a complete planned city. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fostercity.org/community_info/Creating-the-Land.cfm\">creation of Foster City\u003c/a> in the 1960s was overseen by geotechnical engineers, but the basic method was age-old: dredge, dump, drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey has mapped artificial land along with all the other geologic units around the Bay. The majority of this reclaimed land is in the central Bay, in San Francisco and Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/15/making-better-land/bayfillmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-24479\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/bayfillmap-640x232.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"bayfillmap\" width=\"640\" height=\"232\" class=\"size-large wp-image-24479\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reclaimed land shows its weakness in earthquakes. In the 1906 quake it was widely noted that buildings placed on \"made land\" were prone to failure. Nonetheless the city's rubble was used for fill at the site of the 1915 Pan Pacific Exposition, which later became developed as the Marina district. In the 1989 Loma Prieta quake the Marina had the deadliest damage in the city. Likewise, the Cypress section of Interstate 880, in west Oakland, failed where it crossed old fill. In San Francisco the notorious Embarcadero Freeway, also built upon old fill, was torn down shortly after Loma Prieta, before it could fail. Our areas of fill, old and new, will continue to be tested by earthquakes while our reclamation practices continue to improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For geology enthusiasts, Oakland's reclaimed land has given us an unexpected treat, seen in the new Middle Harbor Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/15/making-better-land/madelandtop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-24481\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/madelandtop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"madelandtop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24481\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/madelandtop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/madelandtop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A replica seawall recycles rock from an early land reclamation project: the port of Oakland. Photo by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1880s, early in the creation of Oakland's harbor, a pair of \"training walls\" was built to guide the tides into scouring the ship channel clean. The project required lots of large boulders, and every quarry along the Bay Area shoreline was recruited to supply the stones. When the old north training wall was demolished in 2001, some of the best rocks were set aside. These were made into \u003ca href=\"http://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2011/07/05/oakland-stone-landmarks-middle-harbor-parks-replica-training-wall/\">a replica pier\u003c/a>, nicely laid down in drystone masonry, that displays excellent specimens of Bay Area rock types.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/24478/making-better-land","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_10167","quest_10165","quest_10168","quest_1607","quest_13202","quest_10164","quest_10166","quest_2618"],"featImg":"quest_24480","label":"quest"},"quest_19915":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19915","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19915","score":null,"sort":[1310144428000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"boom-times-for-recycling-2","title":"Boom Times for Recycling","publishDate":1310144428,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Boom Times for Recycling | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>In California, 82 percent of cans and bottles are recycled.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monet Coleman, I think it’s fair to say, is not your average dyed-in-the-wool, tree-hugging environmentalist. She says until recently, “I never thought to recycle. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple months ago, Coleman ran out of gas money and was late to her classes at nursing school. She wasn’t finding part time work. And that’s when she started getting a lot more enthusiastic about garbage. A few weeks ago, she made eighty dollars collecting cans and bottles from family members’ homes and around her complex, and bringing them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliancerecycling.net/\">Alliance Recycling\u003c/a>, a buy-back center in Emeryville. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycling is making the way for me now,” she says. “I guess it’s my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s true of a lot more people than it used to be, says Jay Anast, who owns Alliance Recycling. A few years ago, the only people who came in here were were pushing shopping carts. Now, he’s seeing late model Toyotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the economy burst,” says Anast, “we’ve seen more of your middle-class types. We’re getting quite a bit of that now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this stuff would have been put out on the curbside and recycled anyway. But some of it wouldn’t have, which is one reason that recycling rates across the country have soared, according to Jerry Powell, who edits \u003ca href=\"http://www.resource-recycling.com/\">Resource Recycling Magazine\u003c/a>, based in Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell says nationwide, \u003ca href=\"http://resource-recycling.com/node/1827\">58 percent of aluminum cans are recycled\u003c/a>, the highest rate in 11 years. Soon, he predicts, more cans will be recycled than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the rates are even higher, thanks in part to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa/california.htm\">bottle bill\u003c/a>, which puts a five-cent redemption value on every aluminum, glass, and plastic beverage container, from soda cans to water bottles. (You can see which 11 states in the US have bottle bills \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa.htm\">on this map\u003c/a>.) Last year, 82 percent of cans and bottles sold in California were recycled. That’s up from 55 percent in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake. And no where is this change as stark as it is in San Francisco, where the city now recycles or composts \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.typepad.com/sf_mayor/2010/08/mayor-newsom-announces-san-franciscos-waste-diversion-rate-at-77-percent-shattering-city-goal-and-national-recycling-reco.html\">almost 80 percent of its waste,\u003c/a> sending 30 percent to the landfill. “Fifteen years ago, it was completely the opposite,” says Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of both high recycling rates, and increasing scarcity of natural resources, recycling is a bigger part of our economy than it has ever been before. Entire industries, here, and abroad, literally can’t survive without those bottles, cans, and cardboard boxes you put on the curb, or bring to a recycling center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the total recycling industry said ‘stop,’, says Powell, “ you wouldn’t have an American car made. They’re mainly made out of recycled steel. You wouldn’t have beverages as we have today. You’d have half the newspaper, because you could only get half the paper. Recycling is now just part of the normal economic order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people start recycling even more and throwing away less, there are growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Berkeley. For years, the city billed residents for garbage pick-up. Recycling was free, as a way of encouraging people to do more of it. But when people started throwing away less garbage, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-02-09/bay-area/17872973_1_diversion-rate-recycling-garbage\">the city’s revenues dropped\u003c/a>. The city has raised garbage rates three times in as many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, consider the landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a baking blue sky at \u003ca href=\"http://wmcabay.wm.com/landfills/altamont.htm\">Altamont Landfill\u003c/a>, near Livermore, a bulldozer rakes over the days’ trash. It’s been trucked up here from San Francisco and Alameda County and is now being crushed into the hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Lewis, area director for this landfill, and I stand on a massive pile of old garbage. It contains almost every scrap of trash tossed by San Francisco residents for the past 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the industry, it’s called “municipal solid waste,” says Lewis, “paper, organic materials, plastics, film plastic bottles, a lot of materials you’d find in any household that’s been thrown out over the last years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times have changed. Almost every one of those things is now recyclable, which means, more and more, they aren’t ending up here. Add the fact that, in a recession people buy less stuff, and you have a landfill that’s taking in about two thirds of what it accepted in 2000, says Lewis. He says volumes are way down from San Francisco, Alameda County, and virtually every other jurisdiction as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, California’s politicians warned about a landfill crisis. Now, the state finds itself with enough \u003ca href=\"http://www.standard.net/topics/economy/2011/06/09/garbage-declines-economy-easing-landfill-pressure\">existing landfill space \u003c/a>to last nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also means that, as garbage sent to landfills, decreases, the companies that run the landfills must find ways to diversify their businesses. They must find ways to make a profit off of \u003ci>not\u003c/i> throwing stuff away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston-based Waste Management, which owns the Altamont landfill, is a good example. Over the last few years, the company has been buying up composting facilities across the country. It runs more recycling operations than any other single company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a couple years ago this landfill \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/5741065.html\">took a step ahead\u003c/a> of any other such site in the country. It opened up the first landfill-gas-to-liquid-natural-gas facility in the country. This way, the company can benefit from all those rotting banana peels inside the landfill. As the garbage decomposes, it lets off natural gas, including methane. The landfill has built a facility to suck these gasses out of the landfill, and send them to a processing facility, where they’re converted into liquid natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gas now fuels Waste Management’s trucks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.6818745 -121.7680088\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974122,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1035},"headData":{"title":"Boom Times for Recycling | KQED","description":"People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Boom Times for Recycling","datePublished":"2011-07-08T17:00:28.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:22:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/19915/boom-times-for-recycling-2","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>In California, 82 percent of cans and bottles are recycled.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monet Coleman, I think it’s fair to say, is not your average dyed-in-the-wool, tree-hugging environmentalist. She says until recently, “I never thought to recycle. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple months ago, Coleman ran out of gas money and was late to her classes at nursing school. She wasn’t finding part time work. And that’s when she started getting a lot more enthusiastic about garbage. A few weeks ago, she made eighty dollars collecting cans and bottles from family members’ homes and around her complex, and bringing them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliancerecycling.net/\">Alliance Recycling\u003c/a>, a buy-back center in Emeryville. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycling is making the way for me now,” she says. “I guess it’s my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s true of a lot more people than it used to be, says Jay Anast, who owns Alliance Recycling. A few years ago, the only people who came in here were were pushing shopping carts. Now, he’s seeing late model Toyotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the economy burst,” says Anast, “we’ve seen more of your middle-class types. We’re getting quite a bit of that now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this stuff would have been put out on the curbside and recycled anyway. But some of it wouldn’t have, which is one reason that recycling rates across the country have soared, according to Jerry Powell, who edits \u003ca href=\"http://www.resource-recycling.com/\">Resource Recycling Magazine\u003c/a>, based in Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell says nationwide, \u003ca href=\"http://resource-recycling.com/node/1827\">58 percent of aluminum cans are recycled\u003c/a>, the highest rate in 11 years. Soon, he predicts, more cans will be recycled than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the rates are even higher, thanks in part to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa/california.htm\">bottle bill\u003c/a>, which puts a five-cent redemption value on every aluminum, glass, and plastic beverage container, from soda cans to water bottles. (You can see which 11 states in the US have bottle bills \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa.htm\">on this map\u003c/a>.) Last year, 82 percent of cans and bottles sold in California were recycled. That’s up from 55 percent in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake. And no where is this change as stark as it is in San Francisco, where the city now recycles or composts \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.typepad.com/sf_mayor/2010/08/mayor-newsom-announces-san-franciscos-waste-diversion-rate-at-77-percent-shattering-city-goal-and-national-recycling-reco.html\">almost 80 percent of its waste,\u003c/a> sending 30 percent to the landfill. “Fifteen years ago, it was completely the opposite,” says Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of both high recycling rates, and increasing scarcity of natural resources, recycling is a bigger part of our economy than it has ever been before. Entire industries, here, and abroad, literally can’t survive without those bottles, cans, and cardboard boxes you put on the curb, or bring to a recycling center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the total recycling industry said ‘stop,’, says Powell, “ you wouldn’t have an American car made. They’re mainly made out of recycled steel. You wouldn’t have beverages as we have today. You’d have half the newspaper, because you could only get half the paper. Recycling is now just part of the normal economic order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people start recycling even more and throwing away less, there are growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Berkeley. For years, the city billed residents for garbage pick-up. Recycling was free, as a way of encouraging people to do more of it. But when people started throwing away less garbage, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-02-09/bay-area/17872973_1_diversion-rate-recycling-garbage\">the city’s revenues dropped\u003c/a>. The city has raised garbage rates three times in as many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, consider the landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a baking blue sky at \u003ca href=\"http://wmcabay.wm.com/landfills/altamont.htm\">Altamont Landfill\u003c/a>, near Livermore, a bulldozer rakes over the days’ trash. It’s been trucked up here from San Francisco and Alameda County and is now being crushed into the hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Lewis, area director for this landfill, and I stand on a massive pile of old garbage. It contains almost every scrap of trash tossed by San Francisco residents for the past 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the industry, it’s called “municipal solid waste,” says Lewis, “paper, organic materials, plastics, film plastic bottles, a lot of materials you’d find in any household that’s been thrown out over the last years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times have changed. Almost every one of those things is now recyclable, which means, more and more, they aren’t ending up here. Add the fact that, in a recession people buy less stuff, and you have a landfill that’s taking in about two thirds of what it accepted in 2000, says Lewis. He says volumes are way down from San Francisco, Alameda County, and virtually every other jurisdiction as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, California’s politicians warned about a landfill crisis. Now, the state finds itself with enough \u003ca href=\"http://www.standard.net/topics/economy/2011/06/09/garbage-declines-economy-easing-landfill-pressure\">existing landfill space \u003c/a>to last nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also means that, as garbage sent to landfills, decreases, the companies that run the landfills must find ways to diversify their businesses. They must find ways to make a profit off of \u003ci>not\u003c/i> throwing stuff away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston-based Waste Management, which owns the Altamont landfill, is a good example. Over the last few years, the company has been buying up composting facilities across the country. It runs more recycling operations than any other single company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a couple years ago this landfill \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/5741065.html\">took a step ahead\u003c/a> of any other such site in the country. It opened up the first landfill-gas-to-liquid-natural-gas facility in the country. This way, the company can benefit from all those rotting banana peels inside the landfill. As the garbage decomposes, it lets off natural gas, including methane. The landfill has built a facility to suck these gasses out of the landfill, and send them to a processing facility, where they’re converted into liquid natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gas now fuels Waste Management’s trucks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.6818745 -121.7680088\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19915/boom-times-for-recycling-2","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_3953","quest_3956","quest_3967","quest_3968","quest_3969","quest_1607","quest_3972","quest_2388","quest_3984"],"featImg":"quest_15625","label":"quest"},"quest_19263":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19263","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19263","score":null,"sort":[1310144403000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"boom-times-for-the-recycling-industry","title":"Boom Times For The Recycling Industry","publishDate":1310144403,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Recycling in America | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":9815,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-11-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here's one silver lining to a slow economy: High recycling rates. Americans are wasting far less, and recycling far more. Nowhere is the trend as strong as in California. As Amy Standen reports, this change is sending ripple effects throughout the economy.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-19286\">Monet Coleman, I think it’s fair to say, is not your average dyed-in-the-wool, tree-hugging environmentalist. She says until recently, “I never thought to recycle. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple months ago, Coleman ran out of gas money and was late to her classes at nursing school. She wasn’t finding part time work. And that’s when she started getting a lot more enthusiastic about garbage. A few weeks ago, she made eighty dollars collecting cans and bottles from family members’ homes and around her complex, and bringing them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliancerecycling.net/\">Alliance Recycling\u003c/a>, a buy-back center in Emeryville. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycling is making the way for me now,” she says. “I guess it’s my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s true of a lot more people than it used to be, says Jay Anast, who owns Alliance Recycling. A few years ago, the only people who came in here were were pushing shopping carts. Now, he’s seeing late model Toyotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the economy burst,” says Anast, “we’ve seen more of your middle-class types. We’re getting quite a bit of that now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this stuff would have been put out on the curbside and recycled anyway. But some of it wouldn’t have, which is one reason that recycling rates across the country have soared, according to Jerry Powell, who edits \u003ca href=\"http://www.resource-recycling.com/\">Resource Recycling Magazine\u003c/a>, based in Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell says nationwide, \u003ca href=\"http://resource-recycling.com/node/1827\">58 percent of aluminum cans are recycled\u003c/a>, the highest rate in 11 years. Soon, he predicts, more cans will be recycled than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the rates are even higher, thanks in part to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa/california.htm\">bottle bill\u003c/a>, which puts a five-cent redemption value on every aluminum, glass, and plastic beverage container, from soda cans to water bottles. (You can see which 11 states in the US have bottle bills \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa.htm\">on this map\u003c/a>.) Last year, 82 percent of cans and bottles sold in California were recycled. That’s up from 55 percent in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake. And no where is this change as stark as it is in San Francisco, where the city now recycles or composts \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.typepad.com/sf_mayor/2010/08/mayor-newsom-announces-san-franciscos-waste-diversion-rate-at-77-percent-shattering-city-goal-and-national-recycling-reco.html\">almost 80 percent of its waste,\u003c/a> sending 30 percent to the landfill. “Fifteen years ago, it was completely the opposite,” says Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of both high recycling rates, and increasing scarcity of natural resources, recycling is a bigger part of our economy than it has ever been before. Entire industries, here, and abroad, literally can’t survive without those bottles, cans, and cardboard boxes you put on the curb, or bring to a recycling center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the total recycling industry said ‘stop,’, says Powell, “ you wouldn’t have an American car made. They’re mainly made out of recycled steel. You wouldn’t have beverages as we have today. You’d have half the newspaper, because you could only get half the paper. Recycling is now just part of the normal economic order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people start recycling even more and throwing away less, there are growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Berkeley. For years, the city billed residents for garbage pick-up. Recycling was free, as a way of encouraging people to do more of it. But when people started throwing away less garbage, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-02-09/bay-area/17872973_1_diversion-rate-recycling-garbage\">the city’s revenues dropped\u003c/a>. The city has raised garbage rates three times in as many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, consider the landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a baking blue sky at \u003ca href=\"http://wmcabay.wm.com/landfills/altamont.htm\">Altamont Landfill\u003c/a>, near Livermore, a bulldozer rakes over the days’ trash. It’s been trucked up here from San Francisco and Alameda County and is now being crushed into the hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Lewis, area director for this landfill, and I stand on a massive pile of old garbage. It contains almost every scrap of trash tossed by San Francisco residents for the past 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the industry, it’s called “municipal solid waste,” says Lewis, “paper, organic materials, plastics, film plastic bottles, a lot of materials you’d find in any household that’s been thrown out over the last years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times have changed. Almost every one of those things is now recyclable, which means, more and more, they aren’t ending up here. Add the fact that, in a recession people buy less stuff, and you have a landfill that’s taking in about two thirds of what it accepted in 2000, says Lewis. He says volumes are way down from San Francisco, Alameda County, and virtually every other jurisdiction as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, California’s politicians warned about a landfill crisis. Now, the state finds itself with enough \u003ca href=\"http://www.standard.net/topics/economy/2011/06/09/garbage-declines-economy-easing-landfill-pressure\">existing landfill space \u003c/a>to last nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also means that, as garbage sent to landfills, decreases, the companies that run the landfills must find ways to diversify their businesses. They must find ways to make a profit off of \u003ci>not\u003c/i> throwing stuff away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston-based Waste Management, which owns the Altamont landfill, is a good example. Over the last few years, the company has been buying up composting facilities across the country. It runs more recycling operations than any other single company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a couple years ago this landfill \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/5741065.html\">took a step ahead\u003c/a> of any other such site in the country. It opened up the first landfill-gas-to-liquid-natural-gas facility in the country. This way, the company can benefit from all those rotting banana peels inside the landfill. As the garbage decomposes, it lets off natural gas, including methane. The landfill has built a facility to suck these gasses out of the landfill, and send them to a processing facility, where they’re converted into liquid natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gas now fuels Waste Management’s trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Video Player Inline II\" mediaid=\"19771\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slideshow Producer: Kate Szrom\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Here's one silver lining to a slow economy: High recycling rates. Americans are wasting far less, and recycling far more. Nowhere is the trend as strong as in California. As Amy Standen reports, this change is sending ripple effects throughout the economy.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370997249,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1096},"headData":{"title":"Boom Times For The Recycling Industry | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Boom Times For The Recycling Industry","datePublished":"2011-07-08T17:00:03.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T00:34:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19263 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=19263","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/08/boom-times-for-the-recycling-industry/","disqusTitle":"Boom Times For The Recycling Industry","path":"/quest/19263/boom-times-for-the-recycling-industry","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-11-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-11-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here's one silver lining to a slow economy: High recycling rates. Americans are wasting far less, and recycling far more. Nowhere is the trend as strong as in California. As Amy Standen reports, this change is sending ripple effects throughout the economy.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-19286\">Monet Coleman, I think it’s fair to say, is not your average dyed-in-the-wool, tree-hugging environmentalist. She says until recently, “I never thought to recycle. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple months ago, Coleman ran out of gas money and was late to her classes at nursing school. She wasn’t finding part time work. And that’s when she started getting a lot more enthusiastic about garbage. A few weeks ago, she made eighty dollars collecting cans and bottles from family members’ homes and around her complex, and bringing them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliancerecycling.net/\">Alliance Recycling\u003c/a>, a buy-back center in Emeryville. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycling is making the way for me now,” she says. “I guess it’s my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s true of a lot more people than it used to be, says Jay Anast, who owns Alliance Recycling. A few years ago, the only people who came in here were were pushing shopping carts. Now, he’s seeing late model Toyotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the economy burst,” says Anast, “we’ve seen more of your middle-class types. We’re getting quite a bit of that now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this stuff would have been put out on the curbside and recycled anyway. But some of it wouldn’t have, which is one reason that recycling rates across the country have soared, according to Jerry Powell, who edits \u003ca href=\"http://www.resource-recycling.com/\">Resource Recycling Magazine\u003c/a>, based in Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell says nationwide, \u003ca href=\"http://resource-recycling.com/node/1827\">58 percent of aluminum cans are recycled\u003c/a>, the highest rate in 11 years. Soon, he predicts, more cans will be recycled than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the rates are even higher, thanks in part to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa/california.htm\">bottle bill\u003c/a>, which puts a five-cent redemption value on every aluminum, glass, and plastic beverage container, from soda cans to water bottles. (You can see which 11 states in the US have bottle bills \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa.htm\">on this map\u003c/a>.) Last year, 82 percent of cans and bottles sold in California were recycled. That’s up from 55 percent in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake. And no where is this change as stark as it is in San Francisco, where the city now recycles or composts \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.typepad.com/sf_mayor/2010/08/mayor-newsom-announces-san-franciscos-waste-diversion-rate-at-77-percent-shattering-city-goal-and-national-recycling-reco.html\">almost 80 percent of its waste,\u003c/a> sending 30 percent to the landfill. “Fifteen years ago, it was completely the opposite,” says Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of both high recycling rates, and increasing scarcity of natural resources, recycling is a bigger part of our economy than it has ever been before. Entire industries, here, and abroad, literally can’t survive without those bottles, cans, and cardboard boxes you put on the curb, or bring to a recycling center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the total recycling industry said ‘stop,’, says Powell, “ you wouldn’t have an American car made. They’re mainly made out of recycled steel. You wouldn’t have beverages as we have today. You’d have half the newspaper, because you could only get half the paper. Recycling is now just part of the normal economic order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people start recycling even more and throwing away less, there are growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Berkeley. For years, the city billed residents for garbage pick-up. Recycling was free, as a way of encouraging people to do more of it. But when people started throwing away less garbage, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-02-09/bay-area/17872973_1_diversion-rate-recycling-garbage\">the city’s revenues dropped\u003c/a>. The city has raised garbage rates three times in as many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, consider the landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a baking blue sky at \u003ca href=\"http://wmcabay.wm.com/landfills/altamont.htm\">Altamont Landfill\u003c/a>, near Livermore, a bulldozer rakes over the days’ trash. It’s been trucked up here from San Francisco and Alameda County and is now being crushed into the hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Lewis, area director for this landfill, and I stand on a massive pile of old garbage. It contains almost every scrap of trash tossed by San Francisco residents for the past 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the industry, it’s called “municipal solid waste,” says Lewis, “paper, organic materials, plastics, film plastic bottles, a lot of materials you’d find in any household that’s been thrown out over the last years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times have changed. Almost every one of those things is now recyclable, which means, more and more, they aren’t ending up here. Add the fact that, in a recession people buy less stuff, and you have a landfill that’s taking in about two thirds of what it accepted in 2000, says Lewis. He says volumes are way down from San Francisco, Alameda County, and virtually every other jurisdiction as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, California’s politicians warned about a landfill crisis. Now, the state finds itself with enough \u003ca href=\"http://www.standard.net/topics/economy/2011/06/09/garbage-declines-economy-easing-landfill-pressure\">existing landfill space \u003c/a>to last nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also means that, as garbage sent to landfills, decreases, the companies that run the landfills must find ways to diversify their businesses. They must find ways to make a profit off of \u003ci>not\u003c/i> throwing stuff away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston-based Waste Management, which owns the Altamont landfill, is a good example. Over the last few years, the company has been buying up composting facilities across the country. It runs more recycling operations than any other single company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a couple years ago this landfill \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/5741065.html\">took a step ahead\u003c/a> of any other such site in the country. It opened up the first landfill-gas-to-liquid-natural-gas facility in the country. This way, the company can benefit from all those rotting banana peels inside the landfill. As the garbage decomposes, it lets off natural gas, including methane. The landfill has built a facility to suck these gasses out of the landfill, and send them to a processing facility, where they’re converted into liquid natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gas now fuels Waste Management’s trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Video Player Inline II\" mediaid=\"19771\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slideshow Producer: Kate Szrom\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19263/boom-times-for-the-recycling-industry","authors":["210"],"series":["quest_9815"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_3953","quest_252","quest_3956","quest_3967","quest_3968","quest_3969","quest_1607","quest_3972","quest_13203","quest_13202","quest_2388","quest_3984"],"featImg":"quest_19286","label":"quest_9815"},"quest_3397":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_3397","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"3397","score":null,"sort":[1251509841000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-is-this-recyclable","title":"Reporter's Notes: Is This Recyclable?","publishDate":1251509841,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Reporter’s Notes: Is This Recyclable? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/getting-to-zero-waste\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/08/radio3-46_zerowaste300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Say you consider yourself a top-notch recycler. You buy in bulk as much as possible, compost all your food scraps, can recite the recyclables bin allowable item list from memory. When trash day rolls around, what’s in your discounted black mini-can?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfrecycling.com/\">Sunset Scavenger\u003c/a> Spokesman Robert Reed, San Francisco residents should have nothing but “film plastics” (like plastic bags from stores and dry cleaners) and polystyrene, aka Styrofoam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the life of a recycling ascetic ain’t easy. First of all, it means learning the rules of your particular community, since recycling practices vary depending on where you live. Probably, It means forgoing juice boxes, disposable diapers, complicated, multi-material packaging. It means you’ve scraped out your cat food cans (“contaminated” recyclables are often tossed). If you’re a paper shredder, you’ve put all the scraps into a paper bag labeled “shredded paper.” (Tiny pieces of paper are too hard to collect – sorters usually landfill them.) In short, you’ve earned a PhD in recycling. (And if you think that’s complicated, consider \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/12/international/asia/12garbage.html\">the Japanese\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts have argued that this is all \u003ca href=\"http://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?9904203\">too much trouble\u003c/a> – that instead of aiming for \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_waste\">zero waste\u003c/a>, we should accept a certain amount of landfilling. Others say that \u003ca href=\"http://www.spur.org/publications/library/report/critical_cooling/option12\">the more citizens recycle\u003c/a>, the more efficient the program becomes – hence the movement toward \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/06/10/MN09183NV8.DTL\">mandatory recycling\u003c/a>. One point that nearly everyone seems to agree on is that products on the shelves must be designed to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/issues/epr\">more easily recyclable than they are today\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Is This Recyclable?\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>On that note, we interviewed two recycling experts: Mark Murray, director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/\">Californians Against Waste\u003c/a>, and Kurt Standen (no relation, amazingly to both of us), general manager of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacramento-recycling.com/\">Sacramento Recycling and Transfer Station\u003c/a>. We came armed with six recycling stumpers, including a rubber boot, a juice box, and that much-maligned item of transport, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/03/28/MNGDROT5QN1.DTL\">the plastic bag\u003c/a>. See what Standen and Murray had to say by clicking on the images below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/getting-to-zero-waste\">Listen to the Getting to Zero Waste\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.741125 -122.375949\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After twenty years of curbside recycling and, more recently, composting programs, Californians produce more waste than ever. Amy Standen reports, recycling can only take us so far.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975632,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":361},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Is This Recyclable? | KQED","description":"After twenty years of curbside recycling and, more recently, composting programs, Californians produce more waste than ever. Amy Standen reports, recycling can only take us so far.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: Is This Recyclable?","datePublished":"2009-08-29T01:37:21.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:47:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/3397/reporters-notes-is-this-recyclable","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/getting-to-zero-waste\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/08/radio3-46_zerowaste300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Say you consider yourself a top-notch recycler. You buy in bulk as much as possible, compost all your food scraps, can recite the recyclables bin allowable item list from memory. When trash day rolls around, what’s in your discounted black mini-can?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfrecycling.com/\">Sunset Scavenger\u003c/a> Spokesman Robert Reed, San Francisco residents should have nothing but “film plastics” (like plastic bags from stores and dry cleaners) and polystyrene, aka Styrofoam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the life of a recycling ascetic ain’t easy. First of all, it means learning the rules of your particular community, since recycling practices vary depending on where you live. Probably, It means forgoing juice boxes, disposable diapers, complicated, multi-material packaging. It means you’ve scraped out your cat food cans (“contaminated” recyclables are often tossed). If you’re a paper shredder, you’ve put all the scraps into a paper bag labeled “shredded paper.” (Tiny pieces of paper are too hard to collect – sorters usually landfill them.) In short, you’ve earned a PhD in recycling. (And if you think that’s complicated, consider \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/12/international/asia/12garbage.html\">the Japanese\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts have argued that this is all \u003ca href=\"http://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?9904203\">too much trouble\u003c/a> – that instead of aiming for \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_waste\">zero waste\u003c/a>, we should accept a certain amount of landfilling. Others say that \u003ca href=\"http://www.spur.org/publications/library/report/critical_cooling/option12\">the more citizens recycle\u003c/a>, the more efficient the program becomes – hence the movement toward \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/06/10/MN09183NV8.DTL\">mandatory recycling\u003c/a>. One point that nearly everyone seems to agree on is that products on the shelves must be designed to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/issues/epr\">more easily recyclable than they are today\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Is This Recyclable?\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>On that note, we interviewed two recycling experts: Mark Murray, director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/\">Californians Against Waste\u003c/a>, and Kurt Standen (no relation, amazingly to both of us), general manager of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacramento-recycling.com/\">Sacramento Recycling and Transfer Station\u003c/a>. We came armed with six recycling stumpers, including a rubber boot, a juice box, and that much-maligned item of transport, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/03/28/MNGDROT5QN1.DTL\">the plastic bag\u003c/a>. See what Standen and Murray had to say by clicking on the images below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/getting-to-zero-waste\">Listen to the Getting to Zero Waste\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.741125 -122.375949\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/3397/reporters-notes-is-this-recyclable","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_285","quest_438","quest_827","quest_1262","quest_1607","quest_2111","quest_13206","quest_2388","quest_3216"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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