QUEST TV - Keeping it Cool: Sea Otters, New Cars and Old Forests
Road Kill or Road Crossing: California Slow to Protect Wildlife
Biodiesel Power
California Considers Giving Self-Driving Cars Green Light
A Ribbon Cutting with a Green Twist
Building Better Roads with Next Generation Pavement
California Pushes to Get Clean Cars on the Road
Chevy Volt and Nissan Leaf Star at San Jose Electric Car Convention
Reporter's Notes: Where's my Hydrogen Highway
Sponsored
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You can follow him @hupdiggs and at vimeo.com/davidhuppert","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["leadcoordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"David Huppert | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/davidhuppert"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_69317":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_69317","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"69317","score":null,"sort":[1397052008000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"quest-tv-keeping-it-cool-sea-otters-new-cars-and-old-forests","title":"QUEST TV - Keeping it Cool: Sea Otters, New Cars and Old Forests","publishDate":1397052008,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003ch2>Episode Description\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meet biologists in Washington state exploring the surprising connection between sea otters and climate change; take a test drive in California with some new hydrogen-powered cars that only emit water vapor; and find out how scientists in Wisconsin are working to build a more resilient forest. Also, discover how some Galapagos penguins are surviving warmer temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Segment Details\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Watch the full 1/2 hour television episode above or watch individual segments and read accompanying articles:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Sea Otters v. Climate Change\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/sea-otters-urchins-kelp-climate-change/\">Sea Otters v. Climate Change\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Highway to Hydrogen\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/highway-to-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles/\">Highway to Hydrogen\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Building Better Forests\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/building-better-forests/\">Building Better Forests\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Penguin Sentinels\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/penguin-sentinels/\">Penguin Sentinels\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Discover how sea otters, hydrogen-powered cars and old-growth forests are helping to battle climate change. Also, learn how some Galapagos penguins are surviving warmer temperatures.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457556289,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":93},"headData":{"title":"QUEST TV - Keeping it Cool: Sea Otters, New Cars and Old Forests | KQED","description":"Discover how sea otters, hydrogen-powered cars and old-growth forests are helping to battle climate change. Also, learn how some Galapagos penguins are surviving warmer temperatures.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"QUEST TV - Keeping it Cool: Sea Otters, New Cars and Old Forests","datePublished":"2014-04-09T14:00:08.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T20:44:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"69317 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=69317","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/09/quest-tv-keeping-it-cool-sea-otters-new-cars-and-old-forests/","disqusTitle":"QUEST TV - Keeping it Cool: Sea Otters, New Cars and Old Forests","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z--dVTF0ck","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/69317/quest-tv-keeping-it-cool-sea-otters-new-cars-and-old-forests","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>Episode Description\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meet biologists in Washington state exploring the surprising connection between sea otters and climate change; take a test drive in California with some new hydrogen-powered cars that only emit water vapor; and find out how scientists in Wisconsin are working to build a more resilient forest. Also, discover how some Galapagos penguins are surviving warmer temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Segment Details\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Watch the full 1/2 hour television episode above or watch individual segments and read accompanying articles:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Sea Otters v. Climate Change\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/sea-otters-urchins-kelp-climate-change/\">Sea Otters v. Climate Change\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Highway to Hydrogen\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/highway-to-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles/\">Highway to Hydrogen\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Building Better Forests\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/building-better-forests/\">Building Better Forests\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Penguin Sentinels\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/penguin-sentinels/\">Penguin Sentinels\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/69317/quest-tv-keeping-it-cool-sea-otters-new-cars-and-old-forests","authors":["10216"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_11765","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_13193","quest_499","quest_621","quest_984","quest_12803","quest_1132","quest_1151","quest_12269","quest_1161","quest_1425","quest_10014","quest_12804","quest_12805","quest_2046","quest_2149","quest_2349","quest_12550","quest_2893","quest_2983","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_69324","label":"source_quest_69317"},"quest_52760":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_52760","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"52760","score":null,"sort":[1382137235000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"road-kill-or-road-crossing-california-slow-to-protect-wildlife","title":"Road Kill or Road Crossing: California Slow to Protect Wildlife","publishDate":1382137235,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Most drivers have had this experience: it’s late at night and out of nowhere an animal darts across the road. Thousands of animals are hit every year in California, taking a toll on both wildlife and drivers. Nationwide, wildlife collisions are estimated to cause $1 billion in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several western states have built infrastructure to help wildlife cross under highways safely—projects known as “wildlife corridors.” Some experts say that while California officials know about the extent of the problem, the state is way behind in solving it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dangers have recently become clear in the Santa Cruz Mountains, where mountain lions are crossing Highway 17, a winding, four-lane highway. The population is being studied by the \u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/\">Santa Cruz Puma Project\u003c/a>, run out of the University of California-Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a sunny, late-spring afternoon, field biologist Paul Houghtaling meets up with Dan Tichenor, a volunteer from California Houndsmen for Conservation, and his hound dogs. They tracked the scent of a mountain lion, now in a tree to avoid the barking dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s looking at us,” Houghtaling says, looking up at the lion. “He’s interested in us but just a little while ago he had his head down on the branch. He’s gonna wait us out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62748\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/280-deer.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62748\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/280-deer.jpg\" alt=\" Deer crossing under I-280 in the Bay Area, as captured by a wildlife camera. Scientists say fencing could help direct animals to these spots. (Photo: UC Davis Road Ecology Center)\" width=\"400\" height=\"330\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deer crossing under I-280 in the Bay Area, as captured by a wildlife camera. Scientists say fencing could help direct animals to these spots. (Photo: UC Davis Road Ecology Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Houghtaling intends to put a radio and GPS tracking collar on the lion. The data will feed into a five-year project to document mountain lion movements in the area and study how they live around people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had several lions that have crossed Highway 17 down near Santa Cruz many times,” he says. “One of them was hit and killed about a week before she was going to give birth to a single kitten.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four other lions have been killed on Highway 17 in the last few years. Houghtaling says the data show that most of them are trying to cross the highway at the same places, which makes those locations good candidates for wildlife corridor projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Circle of Death”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know it’s a problem and we know how to fix it,” said Fraser Shilling, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://roadecology.ucdavis.edu/\">Road Ecology Center\u003c/a> at UC Davis. “Almost every place you have a highway near an open space area, we have hotspots. So it’s sort of a circle of death around the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area’s highway network fragments wildlife habitat, either forcing animals to cross freeways or isolating them in “islands” of habitat. Scientists say connecting habitat will be increasingly important with climate change, as animals and plants need to move with shifting conditions. A recent effort by conservation groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayarealands.org/next-steps/linkages.php\">identified 14 places \u003c/a>where preserving land would connect the Bay Area's open spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wildlifecrossing.net/california/\">Citizen scientists have documented\u003c/a> around 7,000 dead animals on Bay Area roads over the last four years, which Shilling says represents a fraction of the total number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62746\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 278px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hotspot-map.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62746\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hotspot-map-278x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bay Area wildlife collision hotspots.\" width=\"278\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area wildlife collision hotspots (\u003cstrong>click to enlarge\u003c/strong>).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another road-kill hotspot is Interstate 280, a commuter favorite heading south out of San Francisco. The multi-lane freeway opens to rolling, grassy hills on either side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shilling \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2012/07/30/103810/study_tracks_deer_movement_on_interstate_280?category=science\">tracked deer behavior around the freeway\u003c/a> for six months. “They’ll come right up to the edge of highway,” he says. “They’ll also try to cross the highway and because it’s so busy, they really can’t make it. They’ll get hit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collisions at freeway speeds are often fatal for the deer, and sometimes for the driver. Every year, drivers hit about 40 deer along I-280, but Shilling found some deer are going under the freeway through culverts and underpasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a report he’s drafting for Caltrans, Shilling recommends putting up wildlife fencing that would funnel deer to the underpasses, keeping them off the freeway. Those underpasses could be made more attractive to wildlife by creating separate pathways for people and animals to use. Animals tend to avoid areas that are heavily used by people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building fences can be expensive—up to $100,000 per mile—but Shilling compares that to cost of collisions from vehicle damage and injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On Interstate 280, there are places where the cost is about $10,000–40,000 per mile from collisions per year,” he says. “So when you add that up and say: what is that over ten years and would it be cost-effective to do something? Certainly, it would save society money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other western states like Colorado and Montana have put in fences and built underpasses on major highways, and the projects have proven effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shilling says California is lagging behind. “We build about one wildlife underpass per year and the scale of the problem here is huge,” he says. “Because this is framed as an environmental issue, Caltrans seems to ignore it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Waiting for Report\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a problem,” says Bob Haus, spokesman for Caltrans District 4, representing the Bay Area. “It’s very difficult for humans and wildlife to mix. If we can cut down on human injuries and wildlife injuries, then we’ll do anything we can to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haus says Caltrans is building a culvert for wildlife near Napa \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist4/12jamesoncanyon/\">as Highway 12 is widened\u003c/a>. But that’s only one of five projects being built or designed specifically for wildlife in the Bay Area that Caltrans could name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62750\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Hwy-101-Tick-Creek-Bobcat.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62750\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Hwy-101-Tick-Creek-Bobcat.jpg\" alt=\"A bobcat uses an existing culvert under Highway 152, the site of a wildlife corridor research project by the Nature Conservancy (Photo: The Nature Conservancy Pajaro Connectivity Study).\" width=\"360\" height=\"262\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bobcat uses an existing culvert under Highway 152, the site of a wildlife corridor research project by the Nature Conservancy (Photo: The Nature Conservancy Pajaro Connectivity Study).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The agency also remains skeptical about using fencing as a guide path. “So, say if you have fencing that’s specifically designed for a deer, it might harm other species,” Haus says. “So if there’s anyway at all to avoid the fencing, we try to do that right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haus says his district has commissioned a report from UC Davis about Bay Area collision hotspots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really depends on what they recommend. If it requires any changes to what our projects already are, we’ll go from there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fraser Shilling wants to see legislation that requires Caltrans to make all highway projects more wildlife-safe. “The agency, Caltrans, has known about this problem for a long time,” he says. “They’ve heard about it from Fish and Game. They’ve heard about it from their peers. They’re not doing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe there’s a lot more that can be done in California to make habitats more connected for wildlife, particularly across roads and other kinds of barriers,” says David Wright, who works on the Resource Assessment Program at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that if we starting thinking about every project as it comes up and trying to make sure that we include something that improves connectivity for wildlife, then I think we’ll start seeing better habitat and more wildlife in our state,\" Wright says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Progress on Highway 17\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the Santa Cruz mountains, Paul Houghtaling loads his rifle with a dart to sedate the mountain lion in the tree above us. He takes aim and the dart hits square in the thigh. The mountain lion leaps down and runs by at full speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He catches up with her (turns out it’s a “she”) as she’s failing asleep under some bushes. Houghtaling takes her vitals and fits her with a radio collar, giving her the name \"\u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/2013/05/30/meet-38f/\">38F\u003c/a>\" as the 38th mountain lion in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things could be looking up for the Santa Cruz lion population. Local land trusts, including the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District, the Land Trust of Santa Cruz County, and the Peninsula Open Space Trust, are working with another Caltrans district, District 5, to improve highway 17 by expanding culverts and putting up fencing in two locations. The group is using cameras to study animal movement in those corridors and is currently applying for state funding to complete the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>See the mountain lion capture in KQED's \"Science on the SPOT: Chasing Pumas\":\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQyh13LOmnM&noredirect=1\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Drivers hit thousands of animals every year on California freeways, often killing the wildlife, and sometimes killing or injuring the human, too. Several western states have built fencing and other infrastructure to help wildlife cross freeways safely, and critics say California could be doing a lot more of the same.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450491597,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1453},"headData":{"title":"Road Kill or Road Crossing: California Slow to Protect Wildlife | KQED","description":"Drivers hit thousands of animals every year on California freeways, often killing the wildlife, and sometimes killing or injuring the human, too. Several western states have built fencing and other infrastructure to help wildlife cross freeways safely, and critics say California could be doing a lot more of the same.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Road Kill or Road Crossing: California Slow to Protect Wildlife","datePublished":"2013-10-18T23:00:35.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T02:19:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"52760 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52760","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/18/road-kill-or-road-crossing-california-slow-to-protect-wildlife/","disqusTitle":"Road Kill or Road Crossing: California Slow to Protect Wildlife","source":"Biology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Northern+California/Radio/Wildlife+Corridors/Stream/Wildlife_corridors_radio_story.mp3","path":"/quest/52760/road-kill-or-road-crossing-california-slow-to-protect-wildlife","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Most drivers have had this experience: it’s late at night and out of nowhere an animal darts across the road. Thousands of animals are hit every year in California, taking a toll on both wildlife and drivers. Nationwide, wildlife collisions are estimated to cause $1 billion in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several western states have built infrastructure to help wildlife cross under highways safely—projects known as “wildlife corridors.” Some experts say that while California officials know about the extent of the problem, the state is way behind in solving it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dangers have recently become clear in the Santa Cruz Mountains, where mountain lions are crossing Highway 17, a winding, four-lane highway. The population is being studied by the \u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/\">Santa Cruz Puma Project\u003c/a>, run out of the University of California-Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a sunny, late-spring afternoon, field biologist Paul Houghtaling meets up with Dan Tichenor, a volunteer from California Houndsmen for Conservation, and his hound dogs. They tracked the scent of a mountain lion, now in a tree to avoid the barking dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s looking at us,” Houghtaling says, looking up at the lion. “He’s interested in us but just a little while ago he had his head down on the branch. He’s gonna wait us out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62748\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/280-deer.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62748\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/280-deer.jpg\" alt=\" Deer crossing under I-280 in the Bay Area, as captured by a wildlife camera. Scientists say fencing could help direct animals to these spots. (Photo: UC Davis Road Ecology Center)\" width=\"400\" height=\"330\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deer crossing under I-280 in the Bay Area, as captured by a wildlife camera. Scientists say fencing could help direct animals to these spots. (Photo: UC Davis Road Ecology Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Houghtaling intends to put a radio and GPS tracking collar on the lion. The data will feed into a five-year project to document mountain lion movements in the area and study how they live around people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had several lions that have crossed Highway 17 down near Santa Cruz many times,” he says. “One of them was hit and killed about a week before she was going to give birth to a single kitten.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four other lions have been killed on Highway 17 in the last few years. Houghtaling says the data show that most of them are trying to cross the highway at the same places, which makes those locations good candidates for wildlife corridor projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Circle of Death”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know it’s a problem and we know how to fix it,” said Fraser Shilling, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://roadecology.ucdavis.edu/\">Road Ecology Center\u003c/a> at UC Davis. “Almost every place you have a highway near an open space area, we have hotspots. So it’s sort of a circle of death around the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area’s highway network fragments wildlife habitat, either forcing animals to cross freeways or isolating them in “islands” of habitat. Scientists say connecting habitat will be increasingly important with climate change, as animals and plants need to move with shifting conditions. A recent effort by conservation groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayarealands.org/next-steps/linkages.php\">identified 14 places \u003c/a>where preserving land would connect the Bay Area's open spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wildlifecrossing.net/california/\">Citizen scientists have documented\u003c/a> around 7,000 dead animals on Bay Area roads over the last four years, which Shilling says represents a fraction of the total number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62746\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 278px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hotspot-map.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62746\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hotspot-map-278x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bay Area wildlife collision hotspots.\" width=\"278\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area wildlife collision hotspots (\u003cstrong>click to enlarge\u003c/strong>).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another road-kill hotspot is Interstate 280, a commuter favorite heading south out of San Francisco. The multi-lane freeway opens to rolling, grassy hills on either side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shilling \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2012/07/30/103810/study_tracks_deer_movement_on_interstate_280?category=science\">tracked deer behavior around the freeway\u003c/a> for six months. “They’ll come right up to the edge of highway,” he says. “They’ll also try to cross the highway and because it’s so busy, they really can’t make it. They’ll get hit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collisions at freeway speeds are often fatal for the deer, and sometimes for the driver. Every year, drivers hit about 40 deer along I-280, but Shilling found some deer are going under the freeway through culverts and underpasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a report he’s drafting for Caltrans, Shilling recommends putting up wildlife fencing that would funnel deer to the underpasses, keeping them off the freeway. Those underpasses could be made more attractive to wildlife by creating separate pathways for people and animals to use. Animals tend to avoid areas that are heavily used by people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building fences can be expensive—up to $100,000 per mile—but Shilling compares that to cost of collisions from vehicle damage and injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On Interstate 280, there are places where the cost is about $10,000–40,000 per mile from collisions per year,” he says. “So when you add that up and say: what is that over ten years and would it be cost-effective to do something? Certainly, it would save society money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other western states like Colorado and Montana have put in fences and built underpasses on major highways, and the projects have proven effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shilling says California is lagging behind. “We build about one wildlife underpass per year and the scale of the problem here is huge,” he says. “Because this is framed as an environmental issue, Caltrans seems to ignore it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Waiting for Report\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a problem,” says Bob Haus, spokesman for Caltrans District 4, representing the Bay Area. “It’s very difficult for humans and wildlife to mix. If we can cut down on human injuries and wildlife injuries, then we’ll do anything we can to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haus says Caltrans is building a culvert for wildlife near Napa \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist4/12jamesoncanyon/\">as Highway 12 is widened\u003c/a>. But that’s only one of five projects being built or designed specifically for wildlife in the Bay Area that Caltrans could name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62750\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Hwy-101-Tick-Creek-Bobcat.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62750\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Hwy-101-Tick-Creek-Bobcat.jpg\" alt=\"A bobcat uses an existing culvert under Highway 152, the site of a wildlife corridor research project by the Nature Conservancy (Photo: The Nature Conservancy Pajaro Connectivity Study).\" width=\"360\" height=\"262\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bobcat uses an existing culvert under Highway 152, the site of a wildlife corridor research project by the Nature Conservancy (Photo: The Nature Conservancy Pajaro Connectivity Study).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The agency also remains skeptical about using fencing as a guide path. “So, say if you have fencing that’s specifically designed for a deer, it might harm other species,” Haus says. “So if there’s anyway at all to avoid the fencing, we try to do that right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haus says his district has commissioned a report from UC Davis about Bay Area collision hotspots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really depends on what they recommend. If it requires any changes to what our projects already are, we’ll go from there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fraser Shilling wants to see legislation that requires Caltrans to make all highway projects more wildlife-safe. “The agency, Caltrans, has known about this problem for a long time,” he says. “They’ve heard about it from Fish and Game. They’ve heard about it from their peers. They’re not doing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe there’s a lot more that can be done in California to make habitats more connected for wildlife, particularly across roads and other kinds of barriers,” says David Wright, who works on the Resource Assessment Program at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that if we starting thinking about every project as it comes up and trying to make sure that we include something that improves connectivity for wildlife, then I think we’ll start seeing better habitat and more wildlife in our state,\" Wright says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Progress on Highway 17\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the Santa Cruz mountains, Paul Houghtaling loads his rifle with a dart to sedate the mountain lion in the tree above us. He takes aim and the dart hits square in the thigh. The mountain lion leaps down and runs by at full speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He catches up with her (turns out it’s a “she”) as she’s failing asleep under some bushes. Houghtaling takes her vitals and fits her with a radio collar, giving her the name \"\u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/2013/05/30/meet-38f/\">38F\u003c/a>\" as the 38th mountain lion in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things could be looking up for the Santa Cruz lion population. Local land trusts, including the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District, the Land Trust of Santa Cruz County, and the Peninsula Open Space Trust, are working with another Caltrans district, District 5, to improve highway 17 by expanding culverts and putting up fencing in two locations. The group is using cameras to study animal movement in those corridors and is currently applying for state funding to complete the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>See the mountain lion capture in KQED's \"Science on the SPOT: Chasing Pumas\":\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/aQyh13LOmnM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/aQyh13LOmnM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52760/road-kill-or-road-crossing-california-slow-to-protect-wildlife","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_326","quest_438","quest_499","quest_684","quest_12269","quest_1880","quest_13","quest_12373","quest_10696","quest_2983","quest_3155"],"featImg":"quest_62743","label":"source_quest_52760"},"quest_60342":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_60342","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"60342","score":null,"sort":[1382018427000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"biodiesel-power","title":"Biodiesel Power","publishDate":1382018427,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Honk if you know the person who brewed your car's fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pose that question in Pittsboro, North Carolina, and you’re likely to hear a symphony of Volkswagens and Mercedes proudly tooting their local laborers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pittsboro, “Drive Local” has become the new “Eat Local.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61806\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/willie_lyle_leif_rachel1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61806\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/willie_lyle_leif_rachel1-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Piedmont Biofuels co-founders with Willie Nelson. Photo courtesy Tami Schwerin \" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Willie Nelson poses with Piedmont Biofuels co-founders while filling his tour bus with biodiesel. Photo courtesy Tami Schwerin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It all started about a decade ago when Lyle Estill, Rachel Burton and Leif Forer began making biodiesel in Lyle’s backyard. Their goal was simple: make enough fuel so they no longer had to fill up at gas stations. Their DIY spirit -- coupled with a genuine desire to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels -- inspired the threesome to launch Piedmont Biofuels, a small-scale biodiesel manufacturing company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located in bucolic North Carolina, about 30 minutes outside of Raleigh, the company offered a novel product: clean, local, and sustainable fuel for Pittsboro’s diesel-powered vehicles. Ten years (and a few exploded reactors) later, Piedmont Biofuels manufactures a million gallons of B-100, or 100 percent biodiesel, annually for its more than 300 members.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can It Work for You?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nRight now you may be wondering what biodiesel is and if you can use it in your new Jetta TDI. Forer explained, “Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from vegetable oil instead of crude petroleum oil. Biodiesel can be used wherever conventional petroleum diesel is used.” Estill, who hasn’t been to a gas station since 2002, says any diesel engine can run on biodiesel without any modification. “You simply fill up and go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61180\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/yellow_grease.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61180\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/yellow_grease-280x253.jpg\" alt=\"yellow_grease\" width=\"280\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Used vegetable oil is turned into 100% Biodiesel through a process called transesterification. Photo by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Green Chemistry\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPiedmont’s biodiesel is made with a chemical process called \u003cstrong>transesterification\u003c/strong>. The process begins when feedstocks -- anything from soybeans to turkey fat to used vegetable oil -- are mixed with methanol in the presence of a catalyst, such as potassium hydroxide. The result is \u003ca href=\"http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/biodiesel_benefits.html\">clean-burning fuel\u003c/a> made from mostly locally sourced byproducts. No need to extract petroleum from Earth’s crust, no offshore oil tankers, and no refineries in the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main feedstock in Piedmont’s blend comes in the form of used cooking oil from the deep fryers in local restaurants. This “yellow grease,” as it’s called, is in high demand and functions as a relatively clean, stable base for biodiesel. But it’s expensive, and Piedmont is constantly on the lookout for cheaper sustainable feedstocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Grease Traps to Greased Lightning\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Walk around Piedmont’s sprawling farm-meets-lab campus and pretty soon you realize that you’re surrounded by innovators. From seed-saving farmers to enzyme-incubating scientists, everyone is looking to make a big difference using low-impact techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/RB_LE_earlybrew1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61800 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/RB_LE_earlybrew1-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"RB_LE_earlybrew\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Burton and Estill working on an early batch of home-brewed biodiesel in Estill's backyard. Photo courtesy Tami Schwerin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One thing that has the whole place jumping is the new \u003ca href=\"http://www.biofuels.coop/enzymatic-biodiesel\">enzymatic reactor\u003c/a>. Burton, who helped design the one-of-a-kind reactor, says the new technology will enable biodiesel manufacturers to utilize a wider range of feedstocks, such as brown grease (think sludgy grease traps). Under the current workflow, brown grease is too contaminated to turn into biodiesel. Manufactures pay a premium for high-quality yellow grease, and the cost is reflected in their fuel’s price (Piedmont’s fuel usually sells around 10 cents above the petroleum average). The price point is why the enzymatic reactor has the potential to be a game changer. By using lower quality (and cheaper) grease, biodiesel manufacturers may soon see costs drop to the point where they can consistently compete with their petroleum counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Estill says, his hope is not necessarily to outsell big oil in small towns throughout North Carolina. The Piedmont Biofuels project is “demonstrative,” proving that communities can power themselves with a few local ingredients, and a lot of ingenuity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61187\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 496px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Lyle_grease_21.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-61187\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Lyle_grease_21-496x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lyle_grease_2\" width=\"496\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Estill, who's official title is VP of Stuff, collects used vegetable oil from Carolina Brewery in Pittsboro, NC. Photo by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"From the deep fryer to the fuel tank, how one North Carolina company is using cooking grease to power a community.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457564977,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":711},"headData":{"title":"Biodiesel Power | KQED","description":"From the deep fryer to the fuel tank, how one North Carolina company is using cooking grease to power a community.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Biodiesel Power","datePublished":"2013-10-17T14:00:27.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T23:09:37.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"60342 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=60342","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/17/biodiesel-power/","disqusTitle":"Biodiesel Power","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5bGCkakxW4","path":"/quest/60342/biodiesel-power","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Honk if you know the person who brewed your car's fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pose that question in Pittsboro, North Carolina, and you’re likely to hear a symphony of Volkswagens and Mercedes proudly tooting their local laborers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pittsboro, “Drive Local” has become the new “Eat Local.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61806\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/willie_lyle_leif_rachel1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61806\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/willie_lyle_leif_rachel1-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Piedmont Biofuels co-founders with Willie Nelson. Photo courtesy Tami Schwerin \" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Willie Nelson poses with Piedmont Biofuels co-founders while filling his tour bus with biodiesel. Photo courtesy Tami Schwerin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It all started about a decade ago when Lyle Estill, Rachel Burton and Leif Forer began making biodiesel in Lyle’s backyard. Their goal was simple: make enough fuel so they no longer had to fill up at gas stations. Their DIY spirit -- coupled with a genuine desire to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels -- inspired the threesome to launch Piedmont Biofuels, a small-scale biodiesel manufacturing company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located in bucolic North Carolina, about 30 minutes outside of Raleigh, the company offered a novel product: clean, local, and sustainable fuel for Pittsboro’s diesel-powered vehicles. Ten years (and a few exploded reactors) later, Piedmont Biofuels manufactures a million gallons of B-100, or 100 percent biodiesel, annually for its more than 300 members.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can It Work for You?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nRight now you may be wondering what biodiesel is and if you can use it in your new Jetta TDI. Forer explained, “Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from vegetable oil instead of crude petroleum oil. Biodiesel can be used wherever conventional petroleum diesel is used.” Estill, who hasn’t been to a gas station since 2002, says any diesel engine can run on biodiesel without any modification. “You simply fill up and go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61180\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/yellow_grease.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61180\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/yellow_grease-280x253.jpg\" alt=\"yellow_grease\" width=\"280\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Used vegetable oil is turned into 100% Biodiesel through a process called transesterification. Photo by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Green Chemistry\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPiedmont’s biodiesel is made with a chemical process called \u003cstrong>transesterification\u003c/strong>. The process begins when feedstocks -- anything from soybeans to turkey fat to used vegetable oil -- are mixed with methanol in the presence of a catalyst, such as potassium hydroxide. The result is \u003ca href=\"http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/biodiesel_benefits.html\">clean-burning fuel\u003c/a> made from mostly locally sourced byproducts. No need to extract petroleum from Earth’s crust, no offshore oil tankers, and no refineries in the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main feedstock in Piedmont’s blend comes in the form of used cooking oil from the deep fryers in local restaurants. This “yellow grease,” as it’s called, is in high demand and functions as a relatively clean, stable base for biodiesel. But it’s expensive, and Piedmont is constantly on the lookout for cheaper sustainable feedstocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Grease Traps to Greased Lightning\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Walk around Piedmont’s sprawling farm-meets-lab campus and pretty soon you realize that you’re surrounded by innovators. From seed-saving farmers to enzyme-incubating scientists, everyone is looking to make a big difference using low-impact techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/RB_LE_earlybrew1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61800 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/RB_LE_earlybrew1-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"RB_LE_earlybrew\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Burton and Estill working on an early batch of home-brewed biodiesel in Estill's backyard. Photo courtesy Tami Schwerin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One thing that has the whole place jumping is the new \u003ca href=\"http://www.biofuels.coop/enzymatic-biodiesel\">enzymatic reactor\u003c/a>. Burton, who helped design the one-of-a-kind reactor, says the new technology will enable biodiesel manufacturers to utilize a wider range of feedstocks, such as brown grease (think sludgy grease traps). Under the current workflow, brown grease is too contaminated to turn into biodiesel. Manufactures pay a premium for high-quality yellow grease, and the cost is reflected in their fuel’s price (Piedmont’s fuel usually sells around 10 cents above the petroleum average). The price point is why the enzymatic reactor has the potential to be a game changer. By using lower quality (and cheaper) grease, biodiesel manufacturers may soon see costs drop to the point where they can consistently compete with their petroleum counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Estill says, his hope is not necessarily to outsell big oil in small towns throughout North Carolina. The Piedmont Biofuels project is “demonstrative,” proving that communities can power themselves with a few local ingredients, and a lot of ingenuity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61187\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 496px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Lyle_grease_21.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-61187\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Lyle_grease_21-496x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lyle_grease_2\" width=\"496\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Estill, who's official title is VP of Stuff, collects used vegetable oil from Carolina Brewery in Pittsboro, NC. Photo by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/60342/biodiesel-power","authors":["10296"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_8","quest_3229","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_10995","quest_329","quest_482","quest_499","quest_637","quest_13198","quest_1023","quest_12269","quest_12308","quest_2057","quest_2141","quest_12307","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_13364","quest_2893","quest_2983","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_61975","label":"quest"},"quest_43000":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_43000","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"43000","score":null,"sort":[1345842666000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-considers-giving-self-driving-cars-green-light","title":"California Considers Giving Self-Driving Cars Green Light","publishDate":1345842666,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/08/2012-08-27-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43009\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Lexus-Photo1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43009\" title=\"Lexus-Photo1\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Lexus-Photo1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of Google's self-driving cars. (Image: Google)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s every commuter’s dream – you’re stuck in an epic traffic jam and with the press of a button, your car does the driving for you. Now, thanks to companies like Google, robotic car technology isn’t far off. This week, the state legislature is considering a bill that would set up rules for putting self-driving cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology has evolved rapidly. Just five years ago, I was in an empty parking lot in Mountain View, taking a ride in what was once an extremely rare vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing a 3-D rendering of Junior’s understanding of the world. So you see the car, but around the car you see the sensor data,” said Mike Montemerlo, pointing to a laptop screen. At the time, he was an engineer at Stanford University working on Junior, the robotic car. I was tagging along on one of Junior’s test drives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve parked this Tuareg in the way here so he has to maneuver around it to fit into his parking spot,” he said. Using lasers mounted on all sides of the car, Junior avoided the other car and swung into a parking place, its steering wheel turning back and forth independently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Junior had a lot in common with a teenage driver. “He’s still not very smooth, but we hope he’s reasonably safe,” said Montemerlo at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What a difference five years can make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just announced that we’ve driven over 300,000 miles without incident while the cars in are autonomous mode,” says Leslie Miller, public policy manager at Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has driven away with robotic car technology, so to speak. Google has a dozen of these cars and for the past few years, they’ve been testing and tweaking them. “The vehicles have been on highways, in congested urban streets. We’ve been down curvy roads including over the Santa Cruz Mountains,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Someone’s been in the driver’s seat for all those test drives, just in case. But the cars are in sort of a legal gray area. “No state in the country built rules of the road with the idea that autos would be able to operate without a driver behind the wheel. So we want to help establish these parameters,” says Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Google is sponsoring a bill in the California Legislature that would allow self-driving cars on the road. It also instructs the DMV to set up safety standards for the cars. That includes things like: if the car’s computer crashes, it comes to a complete stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43011\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 274px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Nevadacar.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43011\" title=\"Nevadacar\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Nevadacar.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"274\" height=\"227\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Google car with a special Nevada license plate. (Image: Nevada DMV)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nevada and Florida have already passed similar bills and earlier this year, Nevada was the first state to officially license Google’s self-driving Priuses. The cars were given special red license plates. Miller says they’re hoping to see the legislation spread nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For Google, the interest is reducing the number of accidents and fatalities that are caused by human error on the road. The technology is not going to be distracted by grabbing the phone or eating lunch or putting mascara on,” says Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google hasn’t said what its business plan is for the technology, but many in the industry expect fully self-driving cars to be available in showrooms as early as 2025. That raises a host of legal issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, the biggest issue right now has to do with liability,” says Daniel Gage, spokesman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gage says while a lot of car companies are developing their own autonomous technology, they’re opposing California’s self-driving car bill over legal concerns. If one of these cars crashes itself, automakers don’t want to be held responsible when a third party like Google installs the technology. “This is a big issue for automakers. It always has been and it probably always will be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Eventually there will be incidents and there will be litigation,” says Bryant Walker Smith, fellow at Stanford Law School. Privacy groups, he says, are concerned about the personal data these cars might record, since they clearly know where you are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the question of how tough safety standards should be. “Should these vehicles be expected to drive perfectly without any collisions ever? Should they be expected to perform as well as a perfect human driver or an average human driver or better than an impaired human driver?” says Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even trickier are cases where we make moral decisions as drivers. “Say if a vehicle has to choose between hitting a child in the street or swerving and going off of a cliff. That’s a decision that someone would make in the spur of the moment. Do they save their life or somebody else’s? What decision would a vehicle make and who would be responsible for making that decision?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If these seem like heavy issues for a state agency to figure out, Smith says there will be a transition to self-driving automobiles. Automakers have already rolled out technology that warns drivers about their blind spot and helps them avoid accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the questions that remain, the impact, says Smith, will be huge. “Our existing world is one in which 30,000 people die in the United States on the road every year. Drivers who are impaired or unqualified are behind the wheel. I would ask is the status quo acceptable?” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the California Legislature passes the self-driving cars bill, the Governor has until September 30th to sign it.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nHere's a video from Google showcasing their technology:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdgQpa1pUUE]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California is considering rules that would allow self-driving cars on the road, but making rules for robots is no simple task.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1346782211,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1035},"headData":{"title":"California Considers Giving Self-Driving Cars Green Light | KQED","description":"California is considering rules that would allow self-driving cars on the road, but making rules for robots is no simple task.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Considers Giving Self-Driving Cars Green Light","datePublished":"2012-08-24T21:11:06.000Z","dateModified":"2012-09-04T18:10:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"43000 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=43000","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/24/california-considers-giving-self-driving-cars-green-light/","disqusTitle":"California Considers Giving Self-Driving Cars Green Light","path":"/quest/43000/california-considers-giving-self-driving-cars-green-light","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/08/2012-08-27-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/08/2012-08-27-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43009\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Lexus-Photo1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43009\" title=\"Lexus-Photo1\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Lexus-Photo1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of Google's self-driving cars. (Image: Google)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s every commuter’s dream – you’re stuck in an epic traffic jam and with the press of a button, your car does the driving for you. Now, thanks to companies like Google, robotic car technology isn’t far off. This week, the state legislature is considering a bill that would set up rules for putting self-driving cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology has evolved rapidly. Just five years ago, I was in an empty parking lot in Mountain View, taking a ride in what was once an extremely rare vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing a 3-D rendering of Junior’s understanding of the world. So you see the car, but around the car you see the sensor data,” said Mike Montemerlo, pointing to a laptop screen. At the time, he was an engineer at Stanford University working on Junior, the robotic car. I was tagging along on one of Junior’s test drives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve parked this Tuareg in the way here so he has to maneuver around it to fit into his parking spot,” he said. Using lasers mounted on all sides of the car, Junior avoided the other car and swung into a parking place, its steering wheel turning back and forth independently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Junior had a lot in common with a teenage driver. “He’s still not very smooth, but we hope he’s reasonably safe,” said Montemerlo at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What a difference five years can make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just announced that we’ve driven over 300,000 miles without incident while the cars in are autonomous mode,” says Leslie Miller, public policy manager at Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has driven away with robotic car technology, so to speak. Google has a dozen of these cars and for the past few years, they’ve been testing and tweaking them. “The vehicles have been on highways, in congested urban streets. We’ve been down curvy roads including over the Santa Cruz Mountains,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Someone’s been in the driver’s seat for all those test drives, just in case. But the cars are in sort of a legal gray area. “No state in the country built rules of the road with the idea that autos would be able to operate without a driver behind the wheel. So we want to help establish these parameters,” says Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Google is sponsoring a bill in the California Legislature that would allow self-driving cars on the road. It also instructs the DMV to set up safety standards for the cars. That includes things like: if the car’s computer crashes, it comes to a complete stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43011\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 274px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Nevadacar.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43011\" title=\"Nevadacar\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Nevadacar.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"274\" height=\"227\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Google car with a special Nevada license plate. (Image: Nevada DMV)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nevada and Florida have already passed similar bills and earlier this year, Nevada was the first state to officially license Google’s self-driving Priuses. The cars were given special red license plates. Miller says they’re hoping to see the legislation spread nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For Google, the interest is reducing the number of accidents and fatalities that are caused by human error on the road. The technology is not going to be distracted by grabbing the phone or eating lunch or putting mascara on,” says Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google hasn’t said what its business plan is for the technology, but many in the industry expect fully self-driving cars to be available in showrooms as early as 2025. That raises a host of legal issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, the biggest issue right now has to do with liability,” says Daniel Gage, spokesman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gage says while a lot of car companies are developing their own autonomous technology, they’re opposing California’s self-driving car bill over legal concerns. If one of these cars crashes itself, automakers don’t want to be held responsible when a third party like Google installs the technology. “This is a big issue for automakers. It always has been and it probably always will be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Eventually there will be incidents and there will be litigation,” says Bryant Walker Smith, fellow at Stanford Law School. Privacy groups, he says, are concerned about the personal data these cars might record, since they clearly know where you are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the question of how tough safety standards should be. “Should these vehicles be expected to drive perfectly without any collisions ever? Should they be expected to perform as well as a perfect human driver or an average human driver or better than an impaired human driver?” says Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even trickier are cases where we make moral decisions as drivers. “Say if a vehicle has to choose between hitting a child in the street or swerving and going off of a cliff. That’s a decision that someone would make in the spur of the moment. Do they save their life or somebody else’s? What decision would a vehicle make and who would be responsible for making that decision?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If these seem like heavy issues for a state agency to figure out, Smith says there will be a transition to self-driving automobiles. Automakers have already rolled out technology that warns drivers about their blind spot and helps them avoid accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the questions that remain, the impact, says Smith, will be huge. “Our existing world is one in which 30,000 people die in the United States on the road every year. Drivers who are impaired or unqualified are behind the wheel. I would ask is the status quo acceptable?” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the California Legislature passes the self-driving cars bill, the Governor has until September 30th to sign it.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nHere's a video from Google showcasing their technology:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/cdgQpa1pUUE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/cdgQpa1pUUE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/43000/california-considers-giving-self-driving-cars-green-light","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_8"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_262","quest_499","quest_13197","quest_1240","quest_11386","quest_13203","quest_13202","quest_10696","quest_2443","quest_3739","quest_2973"],"featImg":"quest_43009","label":"quest"},"quest_38400":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_38400","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"38400","score":null,"sort":[1337256009000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-ribbon-cutting-with-a-green-twist","title":"A Ribbon Cutting with a Green Twist","publishDate":1337256009,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Clean Car Diaries | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":10636,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/17/a-ribbon-cutting-with-a-green-twist/picture-2-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38676\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38676\" title=\"Gas Hose Ribbon Cutting\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Picture-22-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo of Ribbon Cutting by Christopher Lane\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>5/22/12 Update: I was just sent images from Christopher Lane, Assistant Director of Marketing at the Stanford Shopping Center, who helped produce this press event so I'm updating this blog with one of his images. (A link to all the images is given at the end of this blog.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the afternoon of Tuesday, May 15, 2012, I hitched a ride with my closest friend from San Francisco out to Palo Alto to attend the ribbon cutting for the first public fast charger in California for electric vehicles in Stanford Mall. This was definitely a green carpet event as it took place in the shopping mall’s garage within walking distance of the fast charger. Many people drove in zero emission cars to attend and the podium was lined on both sides with electric vehicles. Out of the many electric vehicles that were parked, most of them were \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/12/life-with-the-leaf-lessons-from-an-early-adopter/\">Nissan Leafs\u003c/a>, the same model we drove in from San Francisco. I counted 17 electric vehicles in all which I was told was a modest turnout at a EV event!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now I’m not new to electric vehicles and the infrastructure. I tagged along with Obrie Hostetter, the Northern California EV Infrastructure Director at \u003ca href=\"http://350green.com/\">350 Green\u003c/a>, a developer of electric vehicle (EV) charging station networks. Her company, along with a partnership with the city of Palo Alto and John Ryan Company, Inc., was responsible for the permitting and construction necessary to place the Level 3 Fast Charger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A level 2 charger will take about 7 hours to fully charge an EV battery; the Level 3 fast charger can charge the battery up to 80% in 30 minutes. Most EV owners do the majority of their charging at night at home and stay within a close proximity mitigating \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/03/life-with-the-leaf-5-tips-to-beat-range-anxiety/\">“range anxiety”\u003c/a>. To give you an example: the ideal range of a Nissan Leaf for freeway driving is about 100 miles. With an infrastructure of fast chargers, that range can be increased without spending a lot of time to recharge the battery. This is just the first step in a fast charger infrastructure, as plans are in place to install 25 public fast chargers near retail locations by the fall of 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EV drivers sign up for a payment \u003ca href=\"https://350green.com/card/\">card\u003c/a> from 350Green to use the fast charger station. Use of the card and how to properly use the station was demonstrated after remarks from Palo Alto's Mayor Yiaway Yeh as well as the partners involved in making the public charging station possible. There were quite a few statistics that came out that were enlightening about this new technological movement: 1) There are over 3000 EVs in the Silicon Valley making Palo Alto a great corner stone for the EV infrastructure; the fast charger has already gotten quite a bit of use -- since being turned on, it’s been used 3 to 4 times a day; 136 EV drivers have already signed up for the payment card to use at the station and the infrastructure to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what is the best ribbon to cut at such a green event? Applause went up when a gas hose was cut in front of the fast charger station and the Nissan Leaf it was charging with 100% renewable energy!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More photos of this event can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10150963301784462.478479.179798759461&type=1http://\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On the afternoon of Tuesday, May 15, 2012, I hitched a ride with my closest friend from San Francisco out to Palo Alto to attend the ribbon cutting for the first public fast charger in California for electric vehicles in Stanford Mall.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367354361,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":568},"headData":{"title":"A Ribbon Cutting with a Green Twist | KQED","description":"On the afternoon of Tuesday, May 15, 2012, I hitched a ride with my closest friend from San Francisco out to Palo Alto to attend the ribbon cutting for the first public fast charger in California for electric vehicles in Stanford Mall.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Ribbon Cutting with a Green Twist","datePublished":"2012-05-17T12:00:09.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-30T20:39:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"38400 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=38400","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/17/a-ribbon-cutting-with-a-green-twist/","disqusTitle":"A Ribbon Cutting with a Green Twist","path":"/quest/38400/a-ribbon-cutting-with-a-green-twist","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/17/a-ribbon-cutting-with-a-green-twist/picture-2-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38676\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38676\" title=\"Gas Hose Ribbon Cutting\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Picture-22-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo of Ribbon Cutting by Christopher Lane\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>5/22/12 Update: I was just sent images from Christopher Lane, Assistant Director of Marketing at the Stanford Shopping Center, who helped produce this press event so I'm updating this blog with one of his images. (A link to all the images is given at the end of this blog.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the afternoon of Tuesday, May 15, 2012, I hitched a ride with my closest friend from San Francisco out to Palo Alto to attend the ribbon cutting for the first public fast charger in California for electric vehicles in Stanford Mall. This was definitely a green carpet event as it took place in the shopping mall’s garage within walking distance of the fast charger. Many people drove in zero emission cars to attend and the podium was lined on both sides with electric vehicles. Out of the many electric vehicles that were parked, most of them were \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/12/life-with-the-leaf-lessons-from-an-early-adopter/\">Nissan Leafs\u003c/a>, the same model we drove in from San Francisco. I counted 17 electric vehicles in all which I was told was a modest turnout at a EV event!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now I’m not new to electric vehicles and the infrastructure. I tagged along with Obrie Hostetter, the Northern California EV Infrastructure Director at \u003ca href=\"http://350green.com/\">350 Green\u003c/a>, a developer of electric vehicle (EV) charging station networks. Her company, along with a partnership with the city of Palo Alto and John Ryan Company, Inc., was responsible for the permitting and construction necessary to place the Level 3 Fast Charger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A level 2 charger will take about 7 hours to fully charge an EV battery; the Level 3 fast charger can charge the battery up to 80% in 30 minutes. Most EV owners do the majority of their charging at night at home and stay within a close proximity mitigating \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/03/life-with-the-leaf-5-tips-to-beat-range-anxiety/\">“range anxiety”\u003c/a>. To give you an example: the ideal range of a Nissan Leaf for freeway driving is about 100 miles. With an infrastructure of fast chargers, that range can be increased without spending a lot of time to recharge the battery. This is just the first step in a fast charger infrastructure, as plans are in place to install 25 public fast chargers near retail locations by the fall of 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EV drivers sign up for a payment \u003ca href=\"https://350green.com/card/\">card\u003c/a> from 350Green to use the fast charger station. Use of the card and how to properly use the station was demonstrated after remarks from Palo Alto's Mayor Yiaway Yeh as well as the partners involved in making the public charging station possible. There were quite a few statistics that came out that were enlightening about this new technological movement: 1) There are over 3000 EVs in the Silicon Valley making Palo Alto a great corner stone for the EV infrastructure; the fast charger has already gotten quite a bit of use -- since being turned on, it’s been used 3 to 4 times a day; 136 EV drivers have already signed up for the payment card to use at the station and the infrastructure to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what is the best ribbon to cut at such a green event? Applause went up when a gas hose was cut in front of the fast charger station and the Nissan Leaf it was charging with 100% renewable energy!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More photos of this event can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10150963301784462.478479.179798759461&type=1http://\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/38400/a-ribbon-cutting-with-a-green-twist","authors":["10173"],"series":["quest_10636"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_438","quest_499","quest_953","quest_984","quest_10850","quest_1262","quest_3351","quest_1997","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_2771"],"featImg":"quest_38676","label":"quest_10636"},"quest_30411":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_30411","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"30411","score":null,"sort":[1328901989000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"building-better-roads","title":"Building Better Roads with Next Generation Pavement","publishDate":1328901989,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>If you’ve driven around California lately, you might not be surprised to hear that the state’s roads and highways aren’t in great shape. A third of Bay Area roads are in poor condition and funding is dwindling on the state and federal level. That’s something Congress is discussing in Washington this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers at two University of California campuses are trying to find ways to stretch those sparse dollars by making pavement quieter, greener and more durable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving the life of roads\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Harvey of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucprc.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Pavement Research Center\u003c/a> is a sort of pavement doctor. \"A pothole is when you put the electric paddles [to it]. The pavement is dead. You should never get to a pothole.\" You can probably guess what he talks about on long car trips. \"Actually I’ve had people threaten to kick me out of the car.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0T0W2_LX-g\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Davis’s pavement testing facility, a huge machine is rolling a truck tire over a patch of asphalt. \"It goes back and forth,\" says Harvey. \"We’re probably looking at 20, 22,000 repetitions a day.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This machine simulates years of traffic in just weeks or months, which shows whether a pavement will last or fall apart - like the rutted test patch Harvey shows me nearby. \"There’s all kind of cracks all over it and that is a structural failure.\" Roads fail because of repeated stress, especially from heavy-duty vehicles. \"We only really design for truck traffic. You don’t even count the cars. They’re irrelevant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a road’s first enemy is trucks, its second is weather. Temperature changes from night to day, or summer to winter, cause roads to curl. And just like a paperclip, if you bend it enough, it breaks. \"You get enough cracking, the cracks connect up. And so the piece is just sitting in there with no connection and it pops out under traffic.\" Cities often fill potholes as a stop-gap, but Harvey says it’s a temporary fix. \"Maximum life of a pothole repair: one year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the hurdle to fixing roads is cost. In 2009, Caltrans estimated that it needed more than six billion dollars to repair state highways. With the state budget in trouble, it got 1.5 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30440\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30440\" title=\"Pavement-samples\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Pavement-samples-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Samples of asphalt being tested at UC Davis.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1950s, road funding was plentiful. Car sales skyrocketed after World War II, which led Congress to pass the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=88\">Highway Act\u003c/a>, providing 51 billion dollars to be spent on highway construction. Around the same time, the Pavement Research Center was founded at UC Berkeley, just as engineering professor Carl Monismith arrived on campus. He says with the building boom, the state and federal government needed funding to maintain the roads. So, they set up gas taxes. \"The California tax in 1963 was 11 cents. And that bought a lot. It’s probably 18 cents now at the most.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas tax revenue has also fallen as cars have become more fuel efficient. That’s led analysts to predict that the federal Highway Trust Fund will be bankrupt by 2014. Monismith says many cities are already behind on maintaining their roads, so it’s tough to build new durable roads, which are more expensive. \"The Roman roads have lasted, what, twenty-some hundred years. But we couldn’t build them like that today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is - given the country spends an estimated 100 billion dollars a year on roads, even small improvements make a big difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Quieter pavement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30437\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 249px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30437\" title=\"Sound-microphones\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Sound-microphones-249x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"249\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers use the microphones on this “noise car” to measure the sound coming from the tires.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a garage at UC Davis, John Harvey shows me what they use to test some of those improvements. This \"noise car\" is a Ford Escape hybrid with a large contraption on the back bumper. Harvey says, \"These are directional microphones. So the idea is to screen out everything but the noise coming from the tire-pavement interface.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You probably know the sound of the wooshing of a freeway. At high speeds, that noise is mostly coming from the pavement. \"The tire is squeezing air out from under it continuously and that’s the hissing sound.\" The microphones on this car are just inches from the ground, so Harvey and his team can record newly designed quieter pavements, like sections of concrete installed on I-5 in Sacramento. \"We’re designing the pavement so the surface is porous and the air can be squeezed out from the tire and actually squeezed down into the pavement and that drops the noise considerably.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freeway noise is mostly controlled with sound walls in California, but Harvey says they’re often more expensive than building the road itself. Some next-generation pavements will also save money for consumers - since roads affect how much fuel a car uses. \"You’re consuming energy in your shock absorber. And your tires are actually consuming energy. They’re interacting with the surface of the road.\" The bumpier the road, the more work your car has to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you smooth a road, you can get two to five percent improvement in fuel economy, depending on the current roughness.\" And since that affects all the cars on the road, Harvey says it’s a way to cut greenhouse gas emissions under California’s landmark climate change law. Cleaner car regulations will undoubtedly make up the bulk of those cuts, but Harvey hopes that pavement will also get its due.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A third of Bay Area roads are in poor condition and funding is dwindling on the state and federal level. That’s something Congress is discussing in Washington this week. Meanwhile, researchers at two University of California campuses are trying to find ways to stretch those sparse dollars, by making pavement quieter, greener and more durable.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450495479,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":957},"headData":{"title":"Building Better Roads with Next Generation Pavement | KQED","description":"A third of Bay Area roads are in poor condition and funding is dwindling on the state and federal level. That’s something Congress is discussing in Washington this week. Meanwhile, researchers at two University of California campuses are trying to find ways to stretch those sparse dollars, by making pavement quieter, greener and more durable.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Building Better Roads with Next Generation Pavement","datePublished":"2012-02-10T19:26:29.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T03:24:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"30411 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=30411","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/10/building-better-roads/","disqusTitle":"Building Better Roads with Next Generation Pavement","source":"Engineering","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/engineering/","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/02/2012-02-13-quest.mp3","path":"/quest/30411/building-better-roads","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’ve driven around California lately, you might not be surprised to hear that the state’s roads and highways aren’t in great shape. A third of Bay Area roads are in poor condition and funding is dwindling on the state and federal level. That’s something Congress is discussing in Washington this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers at two University of California campuses are trying to find ways to stretch those sparse dollars by making pavement quieter, greener and more durable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving the life of roads\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Harvey of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucprc.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Pavement Research Center\u003c/a> is a sort of pavement doctor. \"A pothole is when you put the electric paddles [to it]. The pavement is dead. You should never get to a pothole.\" You can probably guess what he talks about on long car trips. \"Actually I’ve had people threaten to kick me out of the car.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/l0T0W2_LX-g'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/l0T0W2_LX-g'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Davis’s pavement testing facility, a huge machine is rolling a truck tire over a patch of asphalt. \"It goes back and forth,\" says Harvey. \"We’re probably looking at 20, 22,000 repetitions a day.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This machine simulates years of traffic in just weeks or months, which shows whether a pavement will last or fall apart - like the rutted test patch Harvey shows me nearby. \"There’s all kind of cracks all over it and that is a structural failure.\" Roads fail because of repeated stress, especially from heavy-duty vehicles. \"We only really design for truck traffic. You don’t even count the cars. They’re irrelevant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a road’s first enemy is trucks, its second is weather. Temperature changes from night to day, or summer to winter, cause roads to curl. And just like a paperclip, if you bend it enough, it breaks. \"You get enough cracking, the cracks connect up. And so the piece is just sitting in there with no connection and it pops out under traffic.\" Cities often fill potholes as a stop-gap, but Harvey says it’s a temporary fix. \"Maximum life of a pothole repair: one year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the hurdle to fixing roads is cost. In 2009, Caltrans estimated that it needed more than six billion dollars to repair state highways. With the state budget in trouble, it got 1.5 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30440\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30440\" title=\"Pavement-samples\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Pavement-samples-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Samples of asphalt being tested at UC Davis.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1950s, road funding was plentiful. Car sales skyrocketed after World War II, which led Congress to pass the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=88\">Highway Act\u003c/a>, providing 51 billion dollars to be spent on highway construction. Around the same time, the Pavement Research Center was founded at UC Berkeley, just as engineering professor Carl Monismith arrived on campus. He says with the building boom, the state and federal government needed funding to maintain the roads. So, they set up gas taxes. \"The California tax in 1963 was 11 cents. And that bought a lot. It’s probably 18 cents now at the most.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas tax revenue has also fallen as cars have become more fuel efficient. That’s led analysts to predict that the federal Highway Trust Fund will be bankrupt by 2014. Monismith says many cities are already behind on maintaining their roads, so it’s tough to build new durable roads, which are more expensive. \"The Roman roads have lasted, what, twenty-some hundred years. But we couldn’t build them like that today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is - given the country spends an estimated 100 billion dollars a year on roads, even small improvements make a big difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Quieter pavement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30437\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 249px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30437\" title=\"Sound-microphones\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Sound-microphones-249x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"249\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers use the microphones on this “noise car” to measure the sound coming from the tires.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a garage at UC Davis, John Harvey shows me what they use to test some of those improvements. This \"noise car\" is a Ford Escape hybrid with a large contraption on the back bumper. Harvey says, \"These are directional microphones. So the idea is to screen out everything but the noise coming from the tire-pavement interface.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You probably know the sound of the wooshing of a freeway. At high speeds, that noise is mostly coming from the pavement. \"The tire is squeezing air out from under it continuously and that’s the hissing sound.\" The microphones on this car are just inches from the ground, so Harvey and his team can record newly designed quieter pavements, like sections of concrete installed on I-5 in Sacramento. \"We’re designing the pavement so the surface is porous and the air can be squeezed out from the tire and actually squeezed down into the pavement and that drops the noise considerably.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freeway noise is mostly controlled with sound walls in California, but Harvey says they’re often more expensive than building the road itself. Some next-generation pavements will also save money for consumers - since roads affect how much fuel a car uses. \"You’re consuming energy in your shock absorber. And your tires are actually consuming energy. They’re interacting with the surface of the road.\" The bumpier the road, the more work your car has to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you smooth a road, you can get two to five percent improvement in fuel economy, depending on the current roughness.\" And since that affects all the cars on the road, Harvey says it’s a way to cut greenhouse gas emissions under California’s landmark climate change law. Cleaner car regulations will undoubtedly make up the bulk of those cuts, but Harvey hopes that pavement will also get its due.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/30411/building-better-roads","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_499","quest_10688","quest_13203","quest_10695","quest_13","quest_10696","quest_10697","quest_10686","quest_3000","quest_10687"],"featImg":"quest_30424","label":"source_quest_30411"},"quest_29620":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_29620","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"29620","score":null,"sort":[1327012402000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-pushes-to-get-clean-cars-on-the-road","title":"California Pushes to Get Clean Cars on the Road","publishDate":1327012402,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Clean Car Diaries | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":10636,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/01/2012-01-23-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_4428.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_4428-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_4428\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29622\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new all-electric Nissan Leaf. (Photo: Josh Cassidy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week, California officials are voting on the toughest new regulations in the country to promote cleaner cars. If passed, by 2025, 15% of new cars and trucks sold in the state would have to be powered by batteries, hydrogen fuel cells or other technology that produces little or no air pollution. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kind of tough mandates have been tried before and they failed. But officials are confident that era of electric vehicle as finally arrived in California. That’s becoming the case in the Bay Area, which has been a strong market for advanced cars since the first Prius came out a decade ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a Prius V,” says Joe Testa at Downtown Toyota in Oakland, showing one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.toyota.com/prius-hybrid-family/\">several new Prius models\u003c/a> that Toyota is releasing this year. “It’s the longer, wagon style, so it has a little more room.” Testa says there’s already a waiting list for the new Prius Plug-in, which comes out in March. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toyota came out with hybrids ahead of other carmakers, maybe because the company anticipated changes in the market. Or, as some believe, it was due to a California state agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been at the forefront of encouraging, and some would people would say forcing, new technologies. The Prius hybrid electric vehicle is an example of that,” says Tom Cackette. Chief Deputy Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Clean Car History \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cackette says to see California’s legacy of shaping national car policy, you have to go back to 1975. The state had a growing smog problem, so the air board required cars to have catalytic converters. The federal government followed. California then \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/html/brochure/history.htm\">tightened air pollution rules\u003c/a> for cars. And tightened them again. “And almost in every case, the federal government would follow two, three, four, five years later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, new cars emit 99 percent less smog than cars did in the 1960s. “It’s probably the most successful environmental program in the world,” says Cackette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>Clean car diaries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s it like to drive an electric car on an everyday basis? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">Check out our new blog\u003c/a> with lessons from early adopters.[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California has a new goal: dramatically \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/cleanenergy/cleanenergy.htm\">cutting greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> to fight climate change. Transportation accounts for 40% of the state’s emissions. “The number one strategy to reduce greenhouse gases is these car standards,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/consumer_info/advanced_clean_cars/consumer_acc.htm\">The proposed standards\u003c/a> would cut greenhouse gas emissions from new cars in half by 2025. “We actually worked very closely under the federal government under the Obama Administration and we’ve jointly developed the standards. So they won’t just apply in California. But they’ll apply nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meeting these tougher standards will raise car prices by about $1900, but Cackette says those costs would be offset by fuel savings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jumpstarting Electric Car Sales\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, California is taking an even bolder step, requiring automakers to sell increasing numbers of clean cars in the state. By 2025, they’d have to sell almost a million and half vehicles that run on electricity or hydrogen fuel cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thing is – California has tried this before. And it didn’t work. “I guess I would call it a little too visionary perhaps,” says Cackette. In 1990, the Air Resources Board mandated that 10 percent of new car sales be “\u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/consumer_info/advanced_clean_cars/consumer_acc_technology.htm\">zero emission\u003c/a>” cars by 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously that didn’t happen. The price of gas was cheap in those times. The price of the technologies were high,” he says. The air board loosened the rules to include hybrid cars and cleaner gasoline engines, which he says drove carmakers to develop them faster. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Cackette believes that technology has come of age. Nissan is selling the all-electric Leaf and Chevy is selling the Volt, a plug-in hybrid. And there’s another big difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Automakers Onboard \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The car manufacturers were adamantly opposed to the concept of government telling them they needed to build a new type of technology. That’s changed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are seeing more agreement between automakers and California and the federal government,” agrees Gloria Bergquist, a spokeswoman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers in Washington DC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Automakers have invested billions of dollars in these technologies. And so in some ways we have similar interests. Our interest in recouping our investment is now aligned with the societal imperative to get more of these vehicles on the road,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bergquist says meeting the mandate calling for carmakers to sell a certain number of clean vehicles will ultimately depend on consumers. “There’s still a concern about what the consumer acceptance of these technologies is going to be and that can make a mandate very scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Groups Push for Tougher Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think California could be bolder,” says Don Anair is with the Union of Concerned Scientists, a non-profit group that supports even stronger clean car rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need that technology to advance for the technology cost to come down and make these vehicles accessible to more and more consumers. By having a more aggressive standard, that gives more certainty to investors that California is committed.” Anair wants to see tougher standards sooner rather than later, since it takes 15 years on average for the entire fleet of cars on the road to turn over. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the new rules are successful, electric cars could be adopted at a much faster pace. Tom Cackette of the Air Resources Board says they’re doing all they can to encourage consumers to buy them, including funding a popular rebate program and working with companies to build an electric car charging infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, you’ve got to sort of have a jumpstart to this whole process and in the absence of a jumpstart, there’s a chance that it will fail,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29644\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ARB-chart\" width=\"600\" height=\"318\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29644\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart-400x212.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A projection of how zero emissions vehicles like electric cars will be 87% of all cars on the road in California by 2025. Source: California Air Resources Board.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California officials are considering the toughest regulations in the country to promote sales of cars powered by batteries, hydrogen fuel cells or other technology that produces little or no air pollution. These kind of tough mandates have been tried before but they failed. So is this finally the right time for the clean car? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1335464834,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1084},"headData":{"title":"California Pushes to Get Clean Cars on the Road | KQED","description":"California officials are considering the toughest regulations in the country to promote sales of cars powered by batteries, hydrogen fuel cells or other technology that produces little or no air pollution. These kind of tough mandates have been tried before but they failed. So is this finally the right time for the clean car? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Pushes to Get Clean Cars on the Road","datePublished":"2012-01-19T22:33:22.000Z","dateModified":"2012-04-26T18:27:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"29620 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/california-pushes-to-get-clean-cars-on-the-road/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/19/california-pushes-to-get-clean-cars-on-the-road/","disqusTitle":"California Pushes to Get Clean Cars on the Road","path":"/quest/29620/california-pushes-to-get-clean-cars-on-the-road","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/01/2012-01-23-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/01/2012-01-23-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_4428.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/IMG_4428-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_4428\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29622\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new all-electric Nissan Leaf. (Photo: Josh Cassidy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week, California officials are voting on the toughest new regulations in the country to promote cleaner cars. If passed, by 2025, 15% of new cars and trucks sold in the state would have to be powered by batteries, hydrogen fuel cells or other technology that produces little or no air pollution. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kind of tough mandates have been tried before and they failed. But officials are confident that era of electric vehicle as finally arrived in California. That’s becoming the case in the Bay Area, which has been a strong market for advanced cars since the first Prius came out a decade ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a Prius V,” says Joe Testa at Downtown Toyota in Oakland, showing one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.toyota.com/prius-hybrid-family/\">several new Prius models\u003c/a> that Toyota is releasing this year. “It’s the longer, wagon style, so it has a little more room.” Testa says there’s already a waiting list for the new Prius Plug-in, which comes out in March. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toyota came out with hybrids ahead of other carmakers, maybe because the company anticipated changes in the market. Or, as some believe, it was due to a California state agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been at the forefront of encouraging, and some would people would say forcing, new technologies. The Prius hybrid electric vehicle is an example of that,” says Tom Cackette. Chief Deputy Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Clean Car History \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cackette says to see California’s legacy of shaping national car policy, you have to go back to 1975. The state had a growing smog problem, so the air board required cars to have catalytic converters. The federal government followed. California then \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/html/brochure/history.htm\">tightened air pollution rules\u003c/a> for cars. And tightened them again. “And almost in every case, the federal government would follow two, three, four, five years later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, new cars emit 99 percent less smog than cars did in the 1960s. “It’s probably the most successful environmental program in the world,” says Cackette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>Clean car diaries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s it like to drive an electric car on an everyday basis? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">Check out our new blog\u003c/a> with lessons from early adopters.[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California has a new goal: dramatically \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/cleanenergy/cleanenergy.htm\">cutting greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> to fight climate change. Transportation accounts for 40% of the state’s emissions. “The number one strategy to reduce greenhouse gases is these car standards,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/consumer_info/advanced_clean_cars/consumer_acc.htm\">The proposed standards\u003c/a> would cut greenhouse gas emissions from new cars in half by 2025. “We actually worked very closely under the federal government under the Obama Administration and we’ve jointly developed the standards. So they won’t just apply in California. But they’ll apply nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meeting these tougher standards will raise car prices by about $1900, but Cackette says those costs would be offset by fuel savings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jumpstarting Electric Car Sales\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, California is taking an even bolder step, requiring automakers to sell increasing numbers of clean cars in the state. By 2025, they’d have to sell almost a million and half vehicles that run on electricity or hydrogen fuel cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thing is – California has tried this before. And it didn’t work. “I guess I would call it a little too visionary perhaps,” says Cackette. In 1990, the Air Resources Board mandated that 10 percent of new car sales be “\u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/consumer_info/advanced_clean_cars/consumer_acc_technology.htm\">zero emission\u003c/a>” cars by 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously that didn’t happen. The price of gas was cheap in those times. The price of the technologies were high,” he says. The air board loosened the rules to include hybrid cars and cleaner gasoline engines, which he says drove carmakers to develop them faster. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Cackette believes that technology has come of age. Nissan is selling the all-electric Leaf and Chevy is selling the Volt, a plug-in hybrid. And there’s another big difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Automakers Onboard \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The car manufacturers were adamantly opposed to the concept of government telling them they needed to build a new type of technology. That’s changed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are seeing more agreement between automakers and California and the federal government,” agrees Gloria Bergquist, a spokeswoman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers in Washington DC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Automakers have invested billions of dollars in these technologies. And so in some ways we have similar interests. Our interest in recouping our investment is now aligned with the societal imperative to get more of these vehicles on the road,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bergquist says meeting the mandate calling for carmakers to sell a certain number of clean vehicles will ultimately depend on consumers. “There’s still a concern about what the consumer acceptance of these technologies is going to be and that can make a mandate very scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Groups Push for Tougher Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think California could be bolder,” says Don Anair is with the Union of Concerned Scientists, a non-profit group that supports even stronger clean car rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need that technology to advance for the technology cost to come down and make these vehicles accessible to more and more consumers. By having a more aggressive standard, that gives more certainty to investors that California is committed.” Anair wants to see tougher standards sooner rather than later, since it takes 15 years on average for the entire fleet of cars on the road to turn over. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the new rules are successful, electric cars could be adopted at a much faster pace. Tom Cackette of the Air Resources Board says they’re doing all they can to encourage consumers to buy them, including funding a popular rebate program and working with companies to build an electric car charging infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, you’ve got to sort of have a jumpstart to this whole process and in the absence of a jumpstart, there’s a chance that it will fail,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29644\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ARB-chart\" width=\"600\" height=\"318\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29644\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/ARB-chart-400x212.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A projection of how zero emissions vehicles like electric cars will be 87% of all cars on the road in California by 2025. Source: California Air Resources Board.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/29620/california-pushes-to-get-clean-cars-on-the-road","authors":["239"],"series":["quest_10636"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_54","quest_94","quest_252","quest_481","quest_499","quest_569","quest_621","quest_950","quest_1271","quest_1427","quest_13203","quest_1997","quest_13202","quest_2669"],"featImg":"quest_29622","label":"quest_10636"},"quest_6845":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_6845","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"6845","score":null,"sort":[1280352304000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"chevy-volt-and-nissan-leaf-star-at-san-jose-electric-car-convention","title":"Chevy Volt and Nissan Leaf Star at San Jose Electric Car Convention","publishDate":1280352304,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Originally reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of stops and starts, electric cars and plug-in hybrids are on the cusp of a new era of mainstream acceptance, starting this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the message this week from automakers, government officials and utility operators at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.plugin2010.com/\">Plug-In 2010\u003c/a> conference, a major international gathering of alternative vehicles at the San Jose Convention Center. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now the rubber hits the road”, said Craig Childers, an air resources engineer with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a>. “This is the last conference where we don’t have the cars. When we do this again next year, there’s going to be thousands of people driving these cars and it’s going to be great to see how that happens. We’ll learn from it and continue to evolve.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6853\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/plugincar3001.jpg\" alt=\"The 2011 Chevy Volt at the 2010 Plug-In Conference.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6853\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2011 Chevy Volt at the 2010 Plug-In Conference \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A large amount of attention at the event went to two vehicles: the battery electric \u003ca href=\"http://www.nissanusa.com/leaf-electric-car/index#/leaf-electric-car/index\">Nissan Leaf\u003c/a> and the Chevy Volt, a plug-in hybrid. Both groundbreaking cars will begin appearing in showrooms in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Tuesday’s conference, GM announced the Volt’s sticker price will be $41,000. A federal tax credit will bring the cost of the vehicle down by $7,500. The Volt also be available to lease for $350 a month for 36 months, assuming a down payment of $2,500. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GM calls the Volt an “extended-range electric vehicle,” which means that the car can go 40 miles on a single battery charge, using no gasoline. An additional 300 miles can be driven as the car uses gasoline to power an on-board generator to make more electricity and power the engine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Pasowatz, the Volt’s Vehicle Line Director, said that distance is key for getting consumers to overcome their “range anxiety” and trust that the Volt will get them where they need to go without being stranded with an empty battery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Volt gives you an extended range capability that no other electric vehicle can provide you,” Pasowatz said. “So we have a good, solid confident proposition of 340 miles, whereas many electric cars will not achieve the range that they claim because their range is on a city cycle which no one drives, it doesn’t account for running the heating and air conditioning, and it doesn’t account for the degradation of the battery. And if you really only get 50 miles, the question is can that be your everyday car?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nissan Leaf, an all-electric vehicle, which has a range of 100 miles on a single charge, will be made available to consumers by December in five states initially, including California.\u003cbr>\nTo date, there have been 20,000 pre-orders for the Nissan Leaf, with more than 3,000 of those orders coming from prospective buyers in the Bay Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6881\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 299px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/Plug-In_-046b_version23.jpg\" alt=\"Mark Perry from Nissan standing next to the Leaf, an all electric-vehicle.\" width=\"299\" height=\"207\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6881\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Perry from Nissan standing next to the Leaf, an all electric-vehicle. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Mark Perry, Director of Product Planning at Nissan, the consumer acceptance of the new generation of electric cars in the state resonates nation-wide. “If there was a barrier to adoption called affordability, that’s been knocked over. If there was a barrier to adoption called charging infrastructure, it’s been knocked over here in CA. There are no barriers now. The entire country is looking at California as a lead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Leaf will cost $32,780, but after the federal tax credit of $7,500, and a California state rebate of $5,000 – which the Volt is not eligible for – the actual price will be $20,280. The Leaf also will be eligible for drivers to take into California’s carpool lanes without having more than one passenger, while the Volt will not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginny and John Pauksta of San Jose paid $99 to reserve a Leaf. “The tipping point for me was the BP oil spill, the frustration of what we’re doing to the environment,” said John Pauksta. “It made me very angry. The fact that we’re fighting wars to protect our oil reserves just got to me. Electric cars were like toys, like glorified golf cars and now major car companies are coming out with electric cars that look like real cars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can fit five people in it and haul stuff around and the driving range is within a level of tolerance”, added Pauksta, who commutes 44 miles daily to his job in Palo Alto. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the lead acid and nickel-metal hydride batteries that powered the first generation of electric cars like GM’s EV1 in the 1990s, today’s electric car batteries are made of lithium-ion cells, which are now small enough that they can be easily assembled into battery packs and charged using a simple 120-volt outlet, as Pasowatz did with his Chevy Volt, charging it overnight at the conference center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the purchase of a Volt, consumers will get a 120-volt portable charge cord set and the option of GM’s 240-volt cord set, which would cut the charging of the vehicle in half, from eight hours to four hours. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apart from the advancements in battery technology, a perfect storm of factors seems to brewing to usher in a new, more hospitable climate for electric cars, experts at the event, which runs through Thursday, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The technology is moving ahead. The recognition of getting off of oil is important and I think the car is part of the larger energy environment ecosystem, it’s come to that realization that it is time to solve these problems in a systemic way”, said Pasowatz. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Air Resources Board, there are roughly 20,000 pure electric vehicles in California, including roughly 15,000 small neighborhood electric vehicles that aren’t designed to drive on highways. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utilities, regulatory agencies and environmental organizations expect those numbers to rise as long as gas prices continue to be high, which makes electricity as a fuel source a particularly attractive option. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gasoline is about $3, plus or minus, per gallon,” said Sunil Chhaya, a senior manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt?%5D%5B\">Electric Power Research Institute\u003c/a> in Palo Alto. ”Electricity is about 75 cents per gallon, so when you compare operating costs per mile, it’s about a fourth or a fifth the cost of gasoline.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the economy improves and worldwide demand for oil grows, gasoline prices may not stay at the current level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not sure what gasoline prices are going to look like in the next five to 10 years and it’s widely expected that those will get on an upward trajectory again and start climbing up and beyond four a gallon,” said Childers. “In that case, we’re talking about a very big price difference for electricity. We actually need that because these electric cars are more expensive to build and buy and the only way consumers can afford it is by saving money on fuel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, California’s grid, with its mix of hydroelectric power, nuclear power and renewables like solar and wind power, is also cleaner than the nation’s grid -- which relies more heavily on power from coal-fired plants. So environmental benefits accrue when drivers plug-in to the grid to charge their vehicles. Chhaya said that “50 to 60 percent of the CO2 emissions can be reduced by using a battery electric vehicle plugged into the state’s grid.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, a big factor for consumers is the sticker price of electric cars. Palo Alto-based Tesla motors offers currently only one electric vehicle line, its sporty Roadster that retails for more than $100,000. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Availability of public charging stations has also been a challenge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, however, Campbell-based Coulomb Technologies received a $37 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to build 4,600 charging stations in nine metro areas, including San Francisco, San Jose, Sacramento and Los Angeles by September 2011. The charging stations will also feature a new connecting standard adopted in January by the Society of Automotive Engineers so that any electric car can be charged at the charging stations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For consumers like Kadife Besir-Dunlap, a schoolteacher from Woodland, neither the Chevy Volt nor the Nissan Leaf can compare to her beloved EV1 which was reclaimed by GM in 2002 when her two-year lease expired and GM refused to renew the lease for her or other EV1 owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Volt is a plug-in, it’s not full electric,” she said. “The car of the future is powered by the fuels of Jurassic time. My frustration is renewed right now. GM could have produced another electric vehicle. They had the technology and a really nice car with the EV1 and they could have reproduced something like that, a more affordable full electric car. A hybrid car is not progress, it’s stagnation.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the tow truck took away her family’s EV1, Besir-Dunlap has been driving an all-electric Toyota RAV4. Earlier this month, under a partnership with Tesla Motors, Toyota announced plans to start production up again on the all-electric RAV4 in 2012 at the NUMMI auto plant in Fremont. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some people at the conference couldn’t wait to plug-in and drive. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see nothing but increases in gas prices so I want to get out of the polluting, expensive internal combustion world and into the less expensive, less polluting world of electric vehicles,” said Jared Alaqua, a 28 year-old Novato resident pursuing his M.B.A. “And I hear that they actually perform better.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out these QUEST resources for related information:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/waiting-for-the-electric-car\">Waiting for the Electric Car\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plugin-hybrid-cars\">Plug-in Hybrids\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.3291138 -121.8886351\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After years of stops and starts, electric cars and plug-in hybrids are on the cusp of a new era of mainstream acceptance, starting this year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457710959,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1693},"headData":{"title":"Chevy Volt and Nissan Leaf Star at San Jose Electric Car Convention | KQED","description":"After years of stops and starts, electric cars and plug-in hybrids are on the cusp of a new era of mainstream acceptance, starting this year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Chevy Volt and Nissan Leaf Star at San Jose Electric Car Convention","datePublished":"2010-07-28T21:25:04.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-11T15:42:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"6845 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2010/07/28/chevy-volt-and-nissan-leaf-star-at-san-jose-electric-car-convention/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/28/chevy-volt-and-nissan-leaf-star-at-san-jose-electric-car-convention/","disqusTitle":"Chevy Volt and Nissan Leaf Star at San Jose Electric Car Convention","path":"/quest/6845/chevy-volt-and-nissan-leaf-star-at-san-jose-electric-car-convention","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Originally reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of stops and starts, electric cars and plug-in hybrids are on the cusp of a new era of mainstream acceptance, starting this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the message this week from automakers, government officials and utility operators at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.plugin2010.com/\">Plug-In 2010\u003c/a> conference, a major international gathering of alternative vehicles at the San Jose Convention Center. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now the rubber hits the road”, said Craig Childers, an air resources engineer with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a>. “This is the last conference where we don’t have the cars. When we do this again next year, there’s going to be thousands of people driving these cars and it’s going to be great to see how that happens. We’ll learn from it and continue to evolve.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6853\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/plugincar3001.jpg\" alt=\"The 2011 Chevy Volt at the 2010 Plug-In Conference.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6853\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2011 Chevy Volt at the 2010 Plug-In Conference \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A large amount of attention at the event went to two vehicles: the battery electric \u003ca href=\"http://www.nissanusa.com/leaf-electric-car/index#/leaf-electric-car/index\">Nissan Leaf\u003c/a> and the Chevy Volt, a plug-in hybrid. Both groundbreaking cars will begin appearing in showrooms in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Tuesday’s conference, GM announced the Volt’s sticker price will be $41,000. A federal tax credit will bring the cost of the vehicle down by $7,500. The Volt also be available to lease for $350 a month for 36 months, assuming a down payment of $2,500. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GM calls the Volt an “extended-range electric vehicle,” which means that the car can go 40 miles on a single battery charge, using no gasoline. An additional 300 miles can be driven as the car uses gasoline to power an on-board generator to make more electricity and power the engine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Pasowatz, the Volt’s Vehicle Line Director, said that distance is key for getting consumers to overcome their “range anxiety” and trust that the Volt will get them where they need to go without being stranded with an empty battery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Volt gives you an extended range capability that no other electric vehicle can provide you,” Pasowatz said. “So we have a good, solid confident proposition of 340 miles, whereas many electric cars will not achieve the range that they claim because their range is on a city cycle which no one drives, it doesn’t account for running the heating and air conditioning, and it doesn’t account for the degradation of the battery. And if you really only get 50 miles, the question is can that be your everyday car?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nissan Leaf, an all-electric vehicle, which has a range of 100 miles on a single charge, will be made available to consumers by December in five states initially, including California.\u003cbr>\nTo date, there have been 20,000 pre-orders for the Nissan Leaf, with more than 3,000 of those orders coming from prospective buyers in the Bay Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6881\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 299px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/Plug-In_-046b_version23.jpg\" alt=\"Mark Perry from Nissan standing next to the Leaf, an all electric-vehicle.\" width=\"299\" height=\"207\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6881\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Perry from Nissan standing next to the Leaf, an all electric-vehicle. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Mark Perry, Director of Product Planning at Nissan, the consumer acceptance of the new generation of electric cars in the state resonates nation-wide. “If there was a barrier to adoption called affordability, that’s been knocked over. If there was a barrier to adoption called charging infrastructure, it’s been knocked over here in CA. There are no barriers now. The entire country is looking at California as a lead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Leaf will cost $32,780, but after the federal tax credit of $7,500, and a California state rebate of $5,000 – which the Volt is not eligible for – the actual price will be $20,280. The Leaf also will be eligible for drivers to take into California’s carpool lanes without having more than one passenger, while the Volt will not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginny and John Pauksta of San Jose paid $99 to reserve a Leaf. “The tipping point for me was the BP oil spill, the frustration of what we’re doing to the environment,” said John Pauksta. “It made me very angry. The fact that we’re fighting wars to protect our oil reserves just got to me. Electric cars were like toys, like glorified golf cars and now major car companies are coming out with electric cars that look like real cars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can fit five people in it and haul stuff around and the driving range is within a level of tolerance”, added Pauksta, who commutes 44 miles daily to his job in Palo Alto. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the lead acid and nickel-metal hydride batteries that powered the first generation of electric cars like GM’s EV1 in the 1990s, today’s electric car batteries are made of lithium-ion cells, which are now small enough that they can be easily assembled into battery packs and charged using a simple 120-volt outlet, as Pasowatz did with his Chevy Volt, charging it overnight at the conference center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the purchase of a Volt, consumers will get a 120-volt portable charge cord set and the option of GM’s 240-volt cord set, which would cut the charging of the vehicle in half, from eight hours to four hours. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apart from the advancements in battery technology, a perfect storm of factors seems to brewing to usher in a new, more hospitable climate for electric cars, experts at the event, which runs through Thursday, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The technology is moving ahead. The recognition of getting off of oil is important and I think the car is part of the larger energy environment ecosystem, it’s come to that realization that it is time to solve these problems in a systemic way”, said Pasowatz. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Air Resources Board, there are roughly 20,000 pure electric vehicles in California, including roughly 15,000 small neighborhood electric vehicles that aren’t designed to drive on highways. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utilities, regulatory agencies and environmental organizations expect those numbers to rise as long as gas prices continue to be high, which makes electricity as a fuel source a particularly attractive option. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gasoline is about $3, plus or minus, per gallon,” said Sunil Chhaya, a senior manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt?%5D%5B\">Electric Power Research Institute\u003c/a> in Palo Alto. ”Electricity is about 75 cents per gallon, so when you compare operating costs per mile, it’s about a fourth or a fifth the cost of gasoline.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the economy improves and worldwide demand for oil grows, gasoline prices may not stay at the current level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not sure what gasoline prices are going to look like in the next five to 10 years and it’s widely expected that those will get on an upward trajectory again and start climbing up and beyond four a gallon,” said Childers. “In that case, we’re talking about a very big price difference for electricity. We actually need that because these electric cars are more expensive to build and buy and the only way consumers can afford it is by saving money on fuel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, California’s grid, with its mix of hydroelectric power, nuclear power and renewables like solar and wind power, is also cleaner than the nation’s grid -- which relies more heavily on power from coal-fired plants. So environmental benefits accrue when drivers plug-in to the grid to charge their vehicles. Chhaya said that “50 to 60 percent of the CO2 emissions can be reduced by using a battery electric vehicle plugged into the state’s grid.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, a big factor for consumers is the sticker price of electric cars. Palo Alto-based Tesla motors offers currently only one electric vehicle line, its sporty Roadster that retails for more than $100,000. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Availability of public charging stations has also been a challenge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, however, Campbell-based Coulomb Technologies received a $37 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to build 4,600 charging stations in nine metro areas, including San Francisco, San Jose, Sacramento and Los Angeles by September 2011. The charging stations will also feature a new connecting standard adopted in January by the Society of Automotive Engineers so that any electric car can be charged at the charging stations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For consumers like Kadife Besir-Dunlap, a schoolteacher from Woodland, neither the Chevy Volt nor the Nissan Leaf can compare to her beloved EV1 which was reclaimed by GM in 2002 when her two-year lease expired and GM refused to renew the lease for her or other EV1 owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Volt is a plug-in, it’s not full electric,” she said. “The car of the future is powered by the fuels of Jurassic time. My frustration is renewed right now. GM could have produced another electric vehicle. They had the technology and a really nice car with the EV1 and they could have reproduced something like that, a more affordable full electric car. A hybrid car is not progress, it’s stagnation.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the tow truck took away her family’s EV1, Besir-Dunlap has been driving an all-electric Toyota RAV4. Earlier this month, under a partnership with Tesla Motors, Toyota announced plans to start production up again on the all-electric RAV4 in 2012 at the NUMMI auto plant in Fremont. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some people at the conference couldn’t wait to plug-in and drive. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see nothing but increases in gas prices so I want to get out of the polluting, expensive internal combustion world and into the less expensive, less polluting world of electric vehicles,” said Jared Alaqua, a 28 year-old Novato resident pursuing his M.B.A. “And I hear that they actually perform better.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out these QUEST resources for related information:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/waiting-for-the-electric-car\">Waiting for the Electric Car\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plugin-hybrid-cars\">Plug-in Hybrids\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.3291138 -121.8886351\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/6845/chevy-volt-and-nissan-leaf-star-at-san-jose-electric-car-convention","authors":["6176"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_260","quest_261","quest_282","quest_499","quest_566","quest_568","quest_569","quest_950","quest_13197","quest_1028","quest_13199","quest_1422","quest_3351","quest_1634","quest_13203","quest_1996","quest_1997","quest_2235","quest_2349","quest_2493","quest_2884","quest_2893","quest_2967","quest_2968"],"label":"quest"},"quest_2780":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_2780","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"2780","score":null,"sort":[1244850551000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-wheres-my-hydrogen-highway","title":"Reporter's Notes: Where's my Hydrogen Highway","publishDate":1244850551,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/wheres-my-hydrogen-highway\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/radio3-35_hydrogen300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is not exactly a fuel. That is, we don't burn it to make energy. It's used more as a medium for \u003ca href=\"http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/industry/4199381.html\" target=\"_blank\">storing and transporting energy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of hydrogen fuel cell systems is based on a simple concept. When you combine hydrogen with oxygen, energy is released. You get electricity. What makes it such a clean technology is that the byproducts of that chemical reaction are just heat and water. So when a \u003ca href=\"http://www.greencar.com/articles/hydrogen-fuel-cells-work.php\" target=\"_blank\">fuel cell\u003c/a> takes hydrogen from a fuel tank and combines it with oxygen in the air, it produces electricity and emits only a wisp of heated water vapor from the tailpipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is combustible (remember the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10033397\" target=\"_blank\">Hindenburg\u003c/a>?), and needs to be handled carefully. However, there are easy ways to demonstrate electrolysis, which breaks water apart into oxygen and hydrogen, and the opposite process of joining those chemicals. In fact, you could \u003ca href=\"http://scitoys.com/scitoys/scitoys/echem/fuel_cell/fuel_cell.html\" target=\"_blank\">make a type of fuel cell in your kitchen\u003c/a>, with a popsicle stick, battery clips, Scotch tape and a few other household products. You do need one item that can't be found in your kitchen: platinum wire or platinum-coated nickel wire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. And hydrogen fuel cell conversion is a squeaky clean technology. But the production of hydrogen for use in fuel cells -- that can produce a lot of carbon dioxide. In fact, most hydrogen is currently made by stripping, or re-forming, natural gas. That's one of the ongoing criticisms of fuel-cell technology, that it generates greenhouse gas emissions just to get the hydrogen in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuel cells also can store energy generated by solar-powered electrolysis, as well as similar energy generated by wind and hydropower. That's the kind of hydrogen generation that advocates hope to eventually use in fuel cells. But being able to store energy also makes it extremely attractive to harnessing wind, solar and hydropower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, California could generate a lot of wind energy at night, but since electricity has to be used right away, that nighttime, offpeak energy is less valuable. But if it could be stored in a fuel cell through the electrolysis process, that would make it much more lucrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/wheres-my-hydrogen-highway\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/wheres-my-hydrogen-highway\">Listen to the Where's my Hydrogen Highway?\u003c/a> radio report online, and watch our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/web-extra-hydrogen-highway-slideshow\">Web Extra Slideshow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.68203 -121.7683\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Hydrogen is not exactly a fuel. That is, we don't burn it to make energy. It's used more as a medium for storing and transporting energy.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367353327,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":395},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Where's my Hydrogen Highway | KQED","description":"Hydrogen is not exactly a fuel. That is, we don't burn it to make energy. It's used more as a medium for storing and transporting energy.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: Where's my Hydrogen Highway","datePublished":"2009-06-12T23:49:11.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-30T20:22:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"2780 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=2780","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/06/12/reporters-notes-wheres-my-hydrogen-highway/","disqusTitle":"Reporter's Notes: Where's my Hydrogen Highway","path":"/quest/2780/reporters-notes-wheres-my-hydrogen-highway","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/wheres-my-hydrogen-highway\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/radio3-35_hydrogen300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is not exactly a fuel. That is, we don't burn it to make energy. It's used more as a medium for \u003ca href=\"http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/industry/4199381.html\" target=\"_blank\">storing and transporting energy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of hydrogen fuel cell systems is based on a simple concept. When you combine hydrogen with oxygen, energy is released. You get electricity. What makes it such a clean technology is that the byproducts of that chemical reaction are just heat and water. So when a \u003ca href=\"http://www.greencar.com/articles/hydrogen-fuel-cells-work.php\" target=\"_blank\">fuel cell\u003c/a> takes hydrogen from a fuel tank and combines it with oxygen in the air, it produces electricity and emits only a wisp of heated water vapor from the tailpipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is combustible (remember the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10033397\" target=\"_blank\">Hindenburg\u003c/a>?), and needs to be handled carefully. However, there are easy ways to demonstrate electrolysis, which breaks water apart into oxygen and hydrogen, and the opposite process of joining those chemicals. In fact, you could \u003ca href=\"http://scitoys.com/scitoys/scitoys/echem/fuel_cell/fuel_cell.html\" target=\"_blank\">make a type of fuel cell in your kitchen\u003c/a>, with a popsicle stick, battery clips, Scotch tape and a few other household products. You do need one item that can't be found in your kitchen: platinum wire or platinum-coated nickel wire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. And hydrogen fuel cell conversion is a squeaky clean technology. But the production of hydrogen for use in fuel cells -- that can produce a lot of carbon dioxide. In fact, most hydrogen is currently made by stripping, or re-forming, natural gas. That's one of the ongoing criticisms of fuel-cell technology, that it generates greenhouse gas emissions just to get the hydrogen in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuel cells also can store energy generated by solar-powered electrolysis, as well as similar energy generated by wind and hydropower. That's the kind of hydrogen generation that advocates hope to eventually use in fuel cells. But being able to store energy also makes it extremely attractive to harnessing wind, solar and hydropower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, California could generate a lot of wind energy at night, but since electricity has to be used right away, that nighttime, offpeak energy is less valuable. But if it could be stored in a fuel cell through the electrolysis process, that would make it much more lucrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/wheres-my-hydrogen-highway\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/wheres-my-hydrogen-highway\">Listen to the Where's my Hydrogen Highway?\u003c/a> radio report online, and watch our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/web-extra-hydrogen-highway-slideshow\">Web Extra Slideshow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.68203 -121.7683\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/2780/reporters-notes-wheres-my-hydrogen-highway","authors":["8656"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_499","quest_13197","quest_13198","quest_1151","quest_1367","quest_1425","quest_1427","quest_1586","quest_13206","quest_2983"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. 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