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"content": "\u003cp>Immigrant parents who pay smugglers to bring their undocumented children into the United States could face criminal prosecution or deportation, under new directives issued by the Department of Homeland Security this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Regardless of the desires of family reunification, or conditions in other countries, the smuggling or trafficking of alien children is intolerable,\" reads the new \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/publication/implementing-presidents-border-security-and-immigration-enforcement-improvement-policies\" target=\"_blank\">DHS memorandum\u003c/a> addressed to heads of immigration agencies and signed by Secretary John Kelly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration's policy shift is a stark departure from past immigration enforcement practices, which did not generally penalize relatives -- regardless of their immigration status -- who retrieved unaccompanied minors detained by U.S. authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is one of the two states in the nation that receives the greatest number of unaccompanied child migrants (the other is Texas). The majority of these children are fleeing three Central American countries plagued by violence and poverty -- El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 153,000 minors traveling without a legal guardian were detained at the U.S.-Mexico border and released to parents and other sponsors in the last three years, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.acf.hhs.gov/orr/programs/ucs/state-by-state-uc-placed-sponsors\" target=\"_blank\">figures\u003c/a> from the Office of Refugee Resettlement, the agency entrusted with the care of unaccompanied migrant kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/02/2017-02-23d-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/ChildBorderPatrol-800x533.jpg\" Title=\"Parents Who Pay for Undocumented Children to Enter U.S. Could Be Deported\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafael Lopez was one of them. He embarked on the perilous journey out of his native El Salvador when he was 17, bringing only a backpack with some clothes, his birth certificate and a rosary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I prayed a lot,\" said Lopez, now 19, at his home south of San Francisco. \"My whole trip I was praying. I was really scared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young people trying to reach the U.S. are vulnerable to sexual assault, robbery, kidnapping and other crimes as they travel through Guatemala and Mexico. Lopez's parents knew the risks, but they went ahead and paid smugglers over $8,000 to guide him by bus, foot and finally a boat across the Rio Grande into Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez's mother, Estela, said the decision to bring her son to the U.S. was heart-wrenching. But she said he couldn't stay in El Salvador because the danger there was greater. Members of a notoriously violent gang, the Mara Salvatrucha or MS-13, had knocked on Lopez's door and threatened to kill him unless he joined, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If he joins the gangs, they kill him, if he doesn't join, it’s the same,\" she said, in Spanish. \"What forces us to put our children’s lives at risk with a trip to the border is we want them to be away from danger. At least here he has a chance to live.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11331906\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11331906\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-800x545.jpg\" alt=\"Migrants ride a train in Chiapas state, Mexico, on June 20, 2015. Hundreds of Central American migrants travel through Mexico on their way to the United States.\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-1020x694.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-1180x803.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-960x654.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-240x163.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-375x255.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-520x354.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants ride a train in Chiapas state, Mexico, on June 20, 2015. Hundreds of Central American migrants travel through Mexico on their way to the United States. \u003ccite>(ALFREDO ESTRELLA/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the new immigration enforcement policy believe the Obama administration was too lenient in the way it handled the resettlement of unaccompanied minors. That, in turn, encouraged more undocumented parents to use smugglers to bring their children to the U.S., said Jessica Vaughan, director of policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, a think tank that favors restricting immigration. She said she welcomed the Trump administration's tougher stance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These steps will help put a stop to this surge of illegal arrivals from Central America and to this practice of parents paying criminal organizations for bringing kids illegally,\" said Vaughan. \"We are returning to a common-sense interpretation of our immigration laws.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, attorneys who represent unaccompanied children in U.S. asylum claims believe the new directive penalizing relatives will hurt children who would otherwise qualify for legal protections in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"GXgTmWJXB5EtQqlACLxJ3y8M7BXrGB9u\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On a moral level, on a human level, on a practical level, this policy is just so wrong,\" said Helen Beasley, an attorney with Community Legal Services in East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beasley expects undocumented parents will now be hesitant to undergo the background checks necessary for their children to be released to them from immigration custody. And that hesitancy will mean that kids spend more time in detention, she predicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Being in custody is incredibly traumatic for children,\" said Beasley. \"They may be less likely to articulate the trauma that they’ve suffered in their home countries that would qualify them for legal relief.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that children could be deported more swiftly if they don't have the help of a parent or guardian to find a lawyer and apply for asylum or other legal protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11331912\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11331912\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-800x614.jpg\" alt=\"Two children sleep in a holding cell as hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant kids were being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center on June 18, 2014, in Nogales, Arizona.\" width=\"800\" height=\"614\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-800x614.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-160x123.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-1020x783.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-1180x906.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-960x737.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-240x184.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-375x288.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-520x399.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two children sleep in a holding cell as hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant kids were being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center on June 18, 2014, in Nogales, Arizona. \u003ccite>(Ross D. Franklin-Pool/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Rafael Lopez's case, his father stepped forward to get him out of the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement. Lopez then applied for asylum with the help of an attorney at Catholic Charities, a nonprofit that has represented dozens of unaccompanied child migrants in the San Francisco Bay Area in the last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez said he won his asylum case just last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that he is safe here, Lopez is making plans for his future. He said he aims to go to college and study business administration and journalism. For the present, he is working full-time at an auto body shop and taking English lessons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lopez worries the new Homeland Security policies will make it tougher for other young people like himself to flee threats and violence in Central America and reunite with their relatives in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can’t imagine how it’s going to be now,\" said Lopez. \"It’s going to be horrible for those kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidelines also call for restricting the interpretation of an \"unaccompanied\" child, which could strip special protections for minors after they are released by immigration authorities to a parent or legal guardian in the U.S. Those children would most likely have to defend their request for asylum before an immigration judge, rather than in an interview with an asylum officer trained to work with kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beasley said the minors she represents often need mental health services to open up about their trauma, and the ability to answer questions about their case in a \"non-adversarial\" asylum office -- rather than an immigration court -- is key for their claim to succeed.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Parents Who Pay for Undocumented Children to Enter U.S. Could Be Deported",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafael Lopez was one of them. He embarked on the perilous journey out of his native El Salvador when he was 17, bringing only a backpack with some clothes, his birth certificate and a rosary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I prayed a lot,\" said Lopez, now 19, at his home south of San Francisco. \"My whole trip I was praying. I was really scared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young people trying to reach the U.S. are vulnerable to sexual assault, robbery, kidnapping and other crimes as they travel through Guatemala and Mexico. Lopez's parents knew the risks, but they went ahead and paid smugglers over $8,000 to guide him by bus, foot and finally a boat across the Rio Grande into Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez's mother, Estela, said the decision to bring her son to the U.S. was heart-wrenching. But she said he couldn't stay in El Salvador because the danger there was greater. Members of a notoriously violent gang, the Mara Salvatrucha or MS-13, had knocked on Lopez's door and threatened to kill him unless he joined, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If he joins the gangs, they kill him, if he doesn't join, it’s the same,\" she said, in Spanish. \"What forces us to put our children’s lives at risk with a trip to the border is we want them to be away from danger. At least here he has a chance to live.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11331906\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11331906\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-800x545.jpg\" alt=\"Migrants ride a train in Chiapas state, Mexico, on June 20, 2015. Hundreds of Central American migrants travel through Mexico on their way to the United States.\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-1020x694.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-1180x803.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-960x654.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-240x163.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-375x255.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/TrainMigrants-520x354.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants ride a train in Chiapas state, Mexico, on June 20, 2015. Hundreds of Central American migrants travel through Mexico on their way to the United States. \u003ccite>(ALFREDO ESTRELLA/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the new immigration enforcement policy believe the Obama administration was too lenient in the way it handled the resettlement of unaccompanied minors. That, in turn, encouraged more undocumented parents to use smugglers to bring their children to the U.S., said Jessica Vaughan, director of policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, a think tank that favors restricting immigration. She said she welcomed the Trump administration's tougher stance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These steps will help put a stop to this surge of illegal arrivals from Central America and to this practice of parents paying criminal organizations for bringing kids illegally,\" said Vaughan. \"We are returning to a common-sense interpretation of our immigration laws.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, attorneys who represent unaccompanied children in U.S. asylum claims believe the new directive penalizing relatives will hurt children who would otherwise qualify for legal protections in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On a moral level, on a human level, on a practical level, this policy is just so wrong,\" said Helen Beasley, an attorney with Community Legal Services in East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beasley expects undocumented parents will now be hesitant to undergo the background checks necessary for their children to be released to them from immigration custody. And that hesitancy will mean that kids spend more time in detention, she predicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Being in custody is incredibly traumatic for children,\" said Beasley. \"They may be less likely to articulate the trauma that they’ve suffered in their home countries that would qualify them for legal relief.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that children could be deported more swiftly if they don't have the help of a parent or guardian to find a lawyer and apply for asylum or other legal protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11331912\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11331912\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-800x614.jpg\" alt=\"Two children sleep in a holding cell as hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant kids were being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center on June 18, 2014, in Nogales, Arizona.\" width=\"800\" height=\"614\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-800x614.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-160x123.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-1020x783.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-1180x906.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-960x737.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-240x184.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-375x288.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/HoldingCellSleep-520x399.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two children sleep in a holding cell as hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant kids were being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center on June 18, 2014, in Nogales, Arizona. \u003ccite>(Ross D. Franklin-Pool/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Rafael Lopez's case, his father stepped forward to get him out of the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement. Lopez then applied for asylum with the help of an attorney at Catholic Charities, a nonprofit that has represented dozens of unaccompanied child migrants in the San Francisco Bay Area in the last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez said he won his asylum case just last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that he is safe here, Lopez is making plans for his future. He said he aims to go to college and study business administration and journalism. For the present, he is working full-time at an auto body shop and taking English lessons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lopez worries the new Homeland Security policies will make it tougher for other young people like himself to flee threats and violence in Central America and reunite with their relatives in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can’t imagine how it’s going to be now,\" said Lopez. \"It’s going to be horrible for those kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidelines also call for restricting the interpretation of an \"unaccompanied\" child, which could strip special protections for minors after they are released by immigration authorities to a parent or legal guardian in the U.S. Those children would most likely have to defend their request for asylum before an immigration judge, rather than in an interview with an asylum officer trained to work with kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beasley said the minors she represents often need mental health services to open up about their trauma, and the ability to answer questions about their case in a \"non-adversarial\" asylum office -- rather than an immigration court -- is key for their claim to succeed.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "a-push-for-diversity-in-kid-lit-led-by-two-bay-area-startups",
"title": "Two Bay Area Startups Push for Diversity in Kid-Lit",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s story time at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandlibrary.org/locations/dimond-branch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dimond Branch \u003c/a>of the Oakland Public Library, and librarian Miriam Medow sits before a group of about 30 kids and parents — black, white, Latino, Asian American and Arab American. First Medow leads them in a song where everyone gets to blow raspberries, and then she reads about the all-animal cast in\u003ca href=\"http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-316-20063-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cem>Mr. Tiger Goes Wild\u003c/em>.\u003c/a> Medow says one of the toughest parts of her job is finding enough books that reflect this very diverse neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12730328\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12730328\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-800x546.jpg\" alt=\"Librarian Miriam Medow runs the weekly story time at the Dimond Branch of the Oakland Public Library\" width=\"800\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-800x546.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-768x524.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-1020x696.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-1920x1311.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-1180x805.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-960x655.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-520x355.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442.jpg 2032w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Librarian Miriam Medow runs the weekly story time at the Dimond Branch of the Oakland Public Library. \u003ccite>(Photo: Cy Musiker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That means a great variety of races and religions and sexualities and experiences of disability and so much more,” Medow said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every child, Medow said, quoting an old publishing ideal, should be able to read books that are both a window on the world, and a reflection of their own lives. But when I asked if she finds enough of those books, she said, “No. Never enough. Not yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a concern for Solomon Makoni, a Zimbabwean American with a white wife who brought their three year-old son Tadashe to Medow’s story time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12730329\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12730329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Solomon Makoni and his son Tadashe at story time at the Dimond Branch of the Oakland Public Library\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solomon Makoni and his son Tadashe at story time at the Dimond Branch of the Oakland Public Library. \u003ccite>(Photo: Cy Musiker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We both want him to see himself in the books that he reads,” Makoni said. “To teach him he’s no different. And once you see yourself among your books, or see superheroes who look like you, then you can dream big.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of U.S. children under the age of five are like Tadashe — children of color. But only about 14 percent of the kids’ books published in 2015 were authored by or featured people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those statistics come from the \u003ca href=\"https://ccbc.education.wisc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cooperative Children’s Book Center at the University of Wisconsin\u003c/a>, where Megan Schliesman is a librarian, and has been tracking diversity numbers since 2002.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And they’re always abysmally low,” Schliesman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue, Schliesman said, is one that comes up again and again among librarians and publishers at conferences on children’s books around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are overall good intentions in the publishing industry,” Schliesman said, “but I think there is a big gap between those good intentions and the reality of what is being published for children and teenagers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Two Local Startups\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back in Oakland, Janine Macbeth is trying to close that gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can attest to the fact that our communities are hungry for these books,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12730894\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12730894\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"Janine Macbeth, founder and publisher of Blood Orange Press\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-768x526.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-1920x1314.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-1180x808.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-960x657.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-375x257.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-520x356.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janine Macbeth, founder and publisher of Blood Orange Press. \u003ccite>(Photo: Cy Musiker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Macbeth is the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloodorangepress.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Blood Orange Press\u003c/a>, a kids book publisher devoted to making kid-lit more diverse, and we’re sitting in her office and studio, really the walk-in closet of her bedroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macbeth, who lives just a few blocks from the Dimond Library, shows me an illustration for one of the three books she’s published, a story about a Latino boy who defies gender rules. “The author, Laurin Mayeno, based the book on her son,” Macbeth said, “who, when he was in preschool, wanted to be a princess for the school parade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMDkCxRjq2I\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macbeth is mixed race, Chinese American on her mom’s side, African American on her dad’s. She loved libraries and books as a kid. “But I noticed that my community wasn’t reflected in the books,” she said, choking up a bit. “So I started to think that books weren’t an option for me, because of my race.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She gave up her dream in college, but a few years ago, Macbeth said, she worked up her courage and founded Blood Orange Press with a small Kickstarter campaign. “I’m going to create an institution that embraces our stories, and sees them as worthy of being shared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macbeth’s print runs are tiny, just five to 10 thousand books. But she’s part of a ripple of change in the big ocean of publishing. Across the bay in San Francisco, there’s another ripple from Maya Christina Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always joke that they accidentally let me in, as a radical, queer, Chicana,” Gonzalez said. “I’m not the normal voice you tend to hear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12730327\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12730327\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"Maya Christina Gonzalez with some her self-published books in her Mission District studio\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-768x514.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-1020x682.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-1920x1284.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-520x348.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454.jpg 2012w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maya Christina Gonzalez with some her self-published books in her Mission District studio \u003ccite>(Photo: Cy Musiker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez runs \u003ca href=\"http://www.reflectionpress.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reflection Press\u003c/a> out of a tiny Mission District Studio, where we talked while slightly crouched under the low ceiling and surrounded by dolls and mirrors and fabrics to inspire Gonzalez’s illustrations. She’s an award-winning illustrator and author, writing and illustrating 20 multicultural books for traditional publishers, and more at her own press. The newest book from Reflection Press, written the day after the fall election, is \u003ca href=\"http://www.reflectionpress.com/our-books/when-a-bully-is-president/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>When a Bully Becomes President.\u003c/em> \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Nationwide Movement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These two Bay Area startups aren’t so alone: they’re part of a recent wave of attention for diversity in kids books, led by \u003ca href=\"http://weneeddiversebooks.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">We Need Diverse Books\u003c/a> (WNDB), a two year-old social media network with more than thirty thousand followers. The group came together after a 2014 publishing conference featuring an all-white, all-male children’s literacy panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrrh0G-OkBw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And social media gave a visual to the message,” said Dhonielle Clayton, an African American author in New York City who is also Chief Operating Officer for WNDB. “So we got to see a lot of different kinds of kids, and different kinds of families on Facebook and Snapchat. And we’d hear from teenagers and kids saying things like, ‘I’m in a wheelchair, and yes, I would love to be the hero of my own story.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton said WNDB has set up a fund to provide grants to writers of color, and help pay for internships in the publishing industry, which is dominated by straight, white women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12749157\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12749157\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-800x299.jpg\" alt=\"Lee and Low Books is a rare publisher specializing in multicultural books\" width=\"800\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-800x299.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-160x60.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-768x287.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-1020x382.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-960x359.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-240x90.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-375x140.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-520x194.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lee and Low Books is a rare publisher specializing in multicultural books. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Lee and Low Books)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The publishing industry is not keeping pace with what the world really looks like and how it’s changing demographically,” said Jason Low, who runs \u003ca href=\"https://www.leeandlow.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lee and Low Books\u003c/a>, the only major U.S. publisher specializing in multicultural books.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why the Numbers are Low\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“The barriers for the mainstream publishers are really about perception,” Low said in a phone interview. “There is a widely outdated but constantly reinforced belief out there that diverse books simply don’t sell, and that’s not true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That bias is getting a small test from one industry giant. Crown Books for Younger Readers, part of Penguin Random House, has just released an anthology called \u003ca href=\"http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/530007/flying-lessons-and-other-stories-by-ellen-oh/9781101934593/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Flying Lessons\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, edited by WNDB President \u003ca href=\"http://www.ellenoh.com/index1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ellen Oh\u003c/a>, with profits going to the group. Phoebe Yeh is an editor with Crown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Finally people are waking up and realizing we need to figure this out together,” Yeh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as the #OscarsSoWhite social media campaign put pressure on Hollywood, We Need Diverse Books is pushing major kids book publishers to diversify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, maybe not this year,” Yeh said, “but in the next few years, the stats are going to look different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Megan Schliesman at the Cooperative Children’s Book Center said her fellow librarians have a responsibility as well, especially in a state where many work in small rural communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we are just letting those books sit on the shelf,” Schliesman said, “what message is it sending for kids in a predominantly white community about who we are collectively? Visibility says, ‘You matter. You matter in this classroom and school, you matter in this library, you matter in this community.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s at Stake\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many of those in the diverse kid-lit effort say the stakes are very high now, with a president who, they say, seems willing to scapegoat groups based on race or religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the last year has shown us what can happen,” said Jason Low, “when someone in a leadership role dismisses large cross-sections of American based on ethnicity, gender and religious beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that if Donald Trump read diverse books while growing up, he would not be the same person he is today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may seem a stretch, but back at the Dimond Library, I met Silwan Ali, a 13-year-old in a headscarf who came to story time with her little brother. I asked for her thoughts on Donald Trump, and his statements critical of Muslims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah. I know Donald Trump,” she said. “Sometimes he really infuriates our feelings.” I asked her if it might change his mind if he read some of the books she’s reading about respecting diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would mean to him a lot,” she said, “because he didn’t really know what our culture means.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"Q.Logo.Break\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-400x39.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-768x75.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s story time at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandlibrary.org/locations/dimond-branch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dimond Branch \u003c/a>of the Oakland Public Library, and librarian Miriam Medow sits before a group of about 30 kids and parents — black, white, Latino, Asian American and Arab American. First Medow leads them in a song where everyone gets to blow raspberries, and then she reads about the all-animal cast in\u003ca href=\"http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-316-20063-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cem>Mr. Tiger Goes Wild\u003c/em>.\u003c/a> Medow says one of the toughest parts of her job is finding enough books that reflect this very diverse neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12730328\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12730328\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-800x546.jpg\" alt=\"Librarian Miriam Medow runs the weekly story time at the Dimond Branch of the Oakland Public Library\" width=\"800\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-800x546.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-768x524.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-1020x696.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-1920x1311.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-1180x805.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-960x655.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442-520x355.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/006-e1486754443442.jpg 2032w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Librarian Miriam Medow runs the weekly story time at the Dimond Branch of the Oakland Public Library. \u003ccite>(Photo: Cy Musiker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That means a great variety of races and religions and sexualities and experiences of disability and so much more,” Medow said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every child, Medow said, quoting an old publishing ideal, should be able to read books that are both a window on the world, and a reflection of their own lives. But when I asked if she finds enough of those books, she said, “No. Never enough. Not yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a concern for Solomon Makoni, a Zimbabwean American with a white wife who brought their three year-old son Tadashe to Medow’s story time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12730329\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12730329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Solomon Makoni and his son Tadashe at story time at the Dimond Branch of the Oakland Public Library\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/007-e1486754507632.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solomon Makoni and his son Tadashe at story time at the Dimond Branch of the Oakland Public Library. \u003ccite>(Photo: Cy Musiker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We both want him to see himself in the books that he reads,” Makoni said. “To teach him he’s no different. And once you see yourself among your books, or see superheroes who look like you, then you can dream big.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of U.S. children under the age of five are like Tadashe — children of color. But only about 14 percent of the kids’ books published in 2015 were authored by or featured people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those statistics come from the \u003ca href=\"https://ccbc.education.wisc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cooperative Children’s Book Center at the University of Wisconsin\u003c/a>, where Megan Schliesman is a librarian, and has been tracking diversity numbers since 2002.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And they’re always abysmally low,” Schliesman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue, Schliesman said, is one that comes up again and again among librarians and publishers at conferences on children’s books around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are overall good intentions in the publishing industry,” Schliesman said, “but I think there is a big gap between those good intentions and the reality of what is being published for children and teenagers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Two Local Startups\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back in Oakland, Janine Macbeth is trying to close that gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can attest to the fact that our communities are hungry for these books,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12730894\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12730894\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"Janine Macbeth, founder and publisher of Blood Orange Press\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-768x526.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-1920x1314.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-1180x808.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-960x657.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-375x257.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964-520x356.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/001-e1486754390964.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janine Macbeth, founder and publisher of Blood Orange Press. \u003ccite>(Photo: Cy Musiker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Macbeth is the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloodorangepress.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Blood Orange Press\u003c/a>, a kids book publisher devoted to making kid-lit more diverse, and we’re sitting in her office and studio, really the walk-in closet of her bedroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macbeth, who lives just a few blocks from the Dimond Library, shows me an illustration for one of the three books she’s published, a story about a Latino boy who defies gender rules. “The author, Laurin Mayeno, based the book on her son,” Macbeth said, “who, when he was in preschool, wanted to be a princess for the school parade.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/mMDkCxRjq2I'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/mMDkCxRjq2I'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Macbeth is mixed race, Chinese American on her mom’s side, African American on her dad’s. She loved libraries and books as a kid. “But I noticed that my community wasn’t reflected in the books,” she said, choking up a bit. “So I started to think that books weren’t an option for me, because of my race.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She gave up her dream in college, but a few years ago, Macbeth said, she worked up her courage and founded Blood Orange Press with a small Kickstarter campaign. “I’m going to create an institution that embraces our stories, and sees them as worthy of being shared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macbeth’s print runs are tiny, just five to 10 thousand books. But she’s part of a ripple of change in the big ocean of publishing. Across the bay in San Francisco, there’s another ripple from Maya Christina Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always joke that they accidentally let me in, as a radical, queer, Chicana,” Gonzalez said. “I’m not the normal voice you tend to hear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12730327\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12730327\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"Maya Christina Gonzalez with some her self-published books in her Mission District studio\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-768x514.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-1020x682.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-1920x1284.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454-520x348.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/005-e1486754593454.jpg 2012w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maya Christina Gonzalez with some her self-published books in her Mission District studio \u003ccite>(Photo: Cy Musiker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez runs \u003ca href=\"http://www.reflectionpress.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reflection Press\u003c/a> out of a tiny Mission District Studio, where we talked while slightly crouched under the low ceiling and surrounded by dolls and mirrors and fabrics to inspire Gonzalez’s illustrations. She’s an award-winning illustrator and author, writing and illustrating 20 multicultural books for traditional publishers, and more at her own press. The newest book from Reflection Press, written the day after the fall election, is \u003ca href=\"http://www.reflectionpress.com/our-books/when-a-bully-is-president/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>When a Bully Becomes President.\u003c/em> \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Nationwide Movement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These two Bay Area startups aren’t so alone: they’re part of a recent wave of attention for diversity in kids books, led by \u003ca href=\"http://weneeddiversebooks.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">We Need Diverse Books\u003c/a> (WNDB), a two year-old social media network with more than thirty thousand followers. The group came together after a 2014 publishing conference featuring an all-white, all-male children’s literacy panel.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/mrrh0G-OkBw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/mrrh0G-OkBw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“And social media gave a visual to the message,” said Dhonielle Clayton, an African American author in New York City who is also Chief Operating Officer for WNDB. “So we got to see a lot of different kinds of kids, and different kinds of families on Facebook and Snapchat. And we’d hear from teenagers and kids saying things like, ‘I’m in a wheelchair, and yes, I would love to be the hero of my own story.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton said WNDB has set up a fund to provide grants to writers of color, and help pay for internships in the publishing industry, which is dominated by straight, white women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12749157\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12749157\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-800x299.jpg\" alt=\"Lee and Low Books is a rare publisher specializing in multicultural books\" width=\"800\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-800x299.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-160x60.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-768x287.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-1020x382.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-960x359.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-240x90.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-375x140.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low-520x194.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/Lee-and-Low.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lee and Low Books is a rare publisher specializing in multicultural books. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Lee and Low Books)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The publishing industry is not keeping pace with what the world really looks like and how it’s changing demographically,” said Jason Low, who runs \u003ca href=\"https://www.leeandlow.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lee and Low Books\u003c/a>, the only major U.S. publisher specializing in multicultural books.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why the Numbers are Low\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“The barriers for the mainstream publishers are really about perception,” Low said in a phone interview. “There is a widely outdated but constantly reinforced belief out there that diverse books simply don’t sell, and that’s not true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That bias is getting a small test from one industry giant. Crown Books for Younger Readers, part of Penguin Random House, has just released an anthology called \u003ca href=\"http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/530007/flying-lessons-and-other-stories-by-ellen-oh/9781101934593/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Flying Lessons\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, edited by WNDB President \u003ca href=\"http://www.ellenoh.com/index1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ellen Oh\u003c/a>, with profits going to the group. Phoebe Yeh is an editor with Crown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Finally people are waking up and realizing we need to figure this out together,” Yeh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as the #OscarsSoWhite social media campaign put pressure on Hollywood, We Need Diverse Books is pushing major kids book publishers to diversify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, maybe not this year,” Yeh said, “but in the next few years, the stats are going to look different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Megan Schliesman at the Cooperative Children’s Book Center said her fellow librarians have a responsibility as well, especially in a state where many work in small rural communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we are just letting those books sit on the shelf,” Schliesman said, “what message is it sending for kids in a predominantly white community about who we are collectively? Visibility says, ‘You matter. You matter in this classroom and school, you matter in this library, you matter in this community.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s at Stake\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many of those in the diverse kid-lit effort say the stakes are very high now, with a president who, they say, seems willing to scapegoat groups based on race or religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the last year has shown us what can happen,” said Jason Low, “when someone in a leadership role dismisses large cross-sections of American based on ethnicity, gender and religious beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that if Donald Trump read diverse books while growing up, he would not be the same person he is today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may seem a stretch, but back at the Dimond Library, I met Silwan Ali, a 13-year-old in a headscarf who came to story time with her little brother. I asked for her thoughts on Donald Trump, and his statements critical of Muslims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah. I know Donald Trump,” she said. “Sometimes he really infuriates our feelings.” I asked her if it might change his mind if he read some of the books she’s reading about respecting diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would mean to him a lot,” she said, “because he didn’t really know what our culture means.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California public school kids will learn science in a completely new way next year. The Golden State now becomes the first in the country to take on this new approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science will no longer be about memorizing facts and writing essays. Now it’s all about experiments and hands-on exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/be/\">State Board of Education\u003c/a> approved a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/sc/cf/\">new blueprint for science instruction\u003c/a> on Thursday at its meeting in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curriculum will be based on what’s called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nextgenscience.org/\">Next Generation Science Standards.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, lesson plans will now deepen instruction about climate change, and for the first time include engineering and environmental literacy — or the principles and actions that make for good environmental citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, middle school kids will face the challenge of diverting rainwater from roadways, which often picks up pollutants, into the ground to prevent flooding and enhance filtration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State education officials believe this new approach will get more kids excited about science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2016157\">New national test results\u003c/a> show California is among the lowest-performing states on the subject, based on average test scores.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Just about every day, genetic counselor Shawn Fayer heads to the maternity ward at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston and tries to convince new parents to give him a blood sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Ninety-four percent of parents approached by researchers are declining to have their newborns’ genes sequenced.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Fayer is offering gene sequencing for newborns. It gives parents a tantalizing look at their baby’s genetic information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New parents Lauren and Ian Patrick, from Marion, Mass., were excited when they were first approached earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My initial reaction — why wouldn’t someone do this? Why wouldn’t they want the information?” Ian Patrick says as he cradles his newborn son, Finn. “For me, more information is better, even if it’s not always good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If his parents sign him up, Finn would join the \u003ca href=\"http://www.genomes2people.org/babyseqproject/\">BabySeq\u003c/a> project, an NIH-funded study led by \u003ca href=\"http://www.brighamandwomens.org/Research/depts/Medicine/genetics/pis/Default.aspx\">Dr. Robert Green\u003c/a>, a medical geneticist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Alan Beggs at Boston Children’s Hospital. With genetic testing getting cheaper and cheaper, Green wants to figure out what happens when parents know their child’s genetic blueprint from day one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of the babies who join the study will have their protein-coding genes sequenced and screened for variants that are associated with diseases of childhood, with a method called whole-exome sequencing. The other half will get the regular heel-prick blood test offered to all newborns, which screens for major genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”0oB4UbBMca7FkmnzM9TuzpFpRg2XPk3h”]\u003cbr>\nResearchers will follow both sets of babies to figure out how genetic sequencing impacts them. They want to find out if knowing a child’s genetic makeup could actually make them healthier, or if it could increase their health care costs, or even change their relationship with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking for all sorts of unanticipated variations in DNA,” Green says, “and we say right up front we don’t know what they all mean. We don’t know what they’re all going to mean for your baby.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green is particularly interested in a list of 1,514 genes where there are good reasons to reveal a mutation because a disease might be treated or prevented. But there are so many changes in everyone’s DNA, he says, he’s finding something to report in every baby he sequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, that’s a pretty small number of babies. Green has sequenced the genes of 51 newborns so far, and he’s found five who have genetic mutations families wouldn’t have known about otherwise. Two babies have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Meetings/Pages/DrugResponses.aspx\">pharmacogenetic variants\u003c/a> — mutations that mean certain drugs might not work as well on them. Three have mutations associated with heart conditions they inherited from a parent. Both the babies and their parents appears to be totally healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those babies is Kai Gracia. His parents, Alyssa and Jason Gracia, agreed to the test when Kai was just a few days old. They didn’t expect to find much. Alyssa was genotyped a few years before, and the information she got was mostly trivial — she learned she metabolized caffeine particularly quickly and she discovered she didn’t have the photic sneeze reflex, meaning she wasn’t likely to sneeze when suddenly exposed to bright light. So when the results on her baby came back, she was shocked. Right there in Kai’s genetic report was this: \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/supravalvular-aortic-stenosis\">supravalvular aortic stenosis.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out Kai has a mutation in a gene that codes for a protein called elastin. Elastin helps heart muscles bend and stretch. Not producing enough of it can cause the aorta to narrow. People can die from this, or need multiple surgeries as they grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that she knew her baby might get sick, Alyssa Gracia had lots of questions. Would Kai be able to play sports when he got older? Did he need surgery? Could crying too much be dangerous?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She made appointments with pediatric cardiologists and brought in Kai’s genetic report. One doctor said he looked fine, and only needed to be monitored every few years. Another said his parents should bring him back after just a few months. Usually, a condition like Kai’s isn’t diagnosed until a child is showing symptoms. That means doctors still aren’t quite sure how to treat Kai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the kind of story that both thrills and terrifies the observers of this new technology, according to Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no consensus on how to manage these findings,” he says. And it’s unclear if the follow-up is worth it, or if it might actually do harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gene sequencing reveals medical information about not just one person, but potentially a whole family. So all that follow-up is being done not just on Kai, but on his dad and his grandmother — all people who might be carrying this gene and might be at risk themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what can families do with all this information? Dr. Green says that for one family, this genetic report was potentially lifesaving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It showed an inherited mutation in the baby’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet\">BRCA2\u003c/a> gene, which increases the risk of breast, ovarian, prostate and pancreatic cancers. This means not only is the baby at risk, but the child’s mother or father could be, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before they told the family, the researchers had to deal with “a really pernicious ethical problem,” says Green. He and his colleagues had agreed they would only tell parents about genetic variants that could impact babies in childhood, since the children weren’t able to decide for themselves whether they wanted to know their genetic risks. BRCA2 causes cancer in adults, not children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this information was so important, Green decided to break protocol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know what the first four words were out of the mother’s mouth when she was told?” Green asks. ” ‘Oh, that explains it.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out the mother knew distant relatives who had died from cancer, but she hadn’t thought it meant anything for her. Without her baby’s test, she might never have learned about her own risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not every mutation is actionable like this. Green is also finding a lot of single recessive mutations for conditions like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cf/\">cystic fibrosis\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/taysachs/taysachs.htm\">Tay-Sachs\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/\">sickle cell\u003c/a>. Since it takes two mutations, one each from mother and father, to cause the disease, it becomes an issue only when these babies grow up and decide to have children themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing Green hadn’t anticipated is how hard it has been to convince new parents to do this screening in the first place. Early research showed the majority of parents were interested in the medical information. But 94 percent of parents Green and his team are approaching are saying no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren and Ian Patrick, the parents of baby Finn, are a good case study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, they were convinced they wanted the screening. But after an hour talking to a genetic counselor about all the ways this sequencing could go wrong, they decided against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They learned that any genetic sequencing would go in their son’s medical record, and it wouldn’t be able to be removed. And while federal law prohibits genetic discrimination by health care providers and in the workplace, life insurers can still use genetic information to pick and choose whom they’ll sell policies to. By the time the meeting was over, the Patricks’ excitement had been replaced with concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really gave me pause that this would be part of the medical record that private companies would have access to,” Lauren Patrick says. “That was my full stop in the end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, for the first time she’s making a decision for someone who has no say, she says. “That’s the biggest thing on my mind, this new dynamic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 WNYC Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/\">WNYC Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Would+You+Want+To+Know+The+Secrets+Hidden+In+Your+Baby%27s+Genes%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Just about every day, genetic counselor Shawn Fayer heads to the maternity ward at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston and tries to convince new parents to give him a blood sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Ninety-four percent of parents approached by researchers are declining to have their newborns’ genes sequenced.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Fayer is offering gene sequencing for newborns. It gives parents a tantalizing look at their baby’s genetic information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New parents Lauren and Ian Patrick, from Marion, Mass., were excited when they were first approached earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My initial reaction — why wouldn’t someone do this? Why wouldn’t they want the information?” Ian Patrick says as he cradles his newborn son, Finn. “For me, more information is better, even if it’s not always good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If his parents sign him up, Finn would join the \u003ca href=\"http://www.genomes2people.org/babyseqproject/\">BabySeq\u003c/a> project, an NIH-funded study led by \u003ca href=\"http://www.brighamandwomens.org/Research/depts/Medicine/genetics/pis/Default.aspx\">Dr. Robert Green\u003c/a>, a medical geneticist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Alan Beggs at Boston Children’s Hospital. With genetic testing getting cheaper and cheaper, Green wants to figure out what happens when parents know their child’s genetic blueprint from day one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of the babies who join the study will have their protein-coding genes sequenced and screened for variants that are associated with diseases of childhood, with a method called whole-exome sequencing. The other half will get the regular heel-prick blood test offered to all newborns, which screens for major genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nResearchers will follow both sets of babies to figure out how genetic sequencing impacts them. They want to find out if knowing a child’s genetic makeup could actually make them healthier, or if it could increase their health care costs, or even change their relationship with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking for all sorts of unanticipated variations in DNA,” Green says, “and we say right up front we don’t know what they all mean. We don’t know what they’re all going to mean for your baby.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green is particularly interested in a list of 1,514 genes where there are good reasons to reveal a mutation because a disease might be treated or prevented. But there are so many changes in everyone’s DNA, he says, he’s finding something to report in every baby he sequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, that’s a pretty small number of babies. Green has sequenced the genes of 51 newborns so far, and he’s found five who have genetic mutations families wouldn’t have known about otherwise. Two babies have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Meetings/Pages/DrugResponses.aspx\">pharmacogenetic variants\u003c/a> — mutations that mean certain drugs might not work as well on them. Three have mutations associated with heart conditions they inherited from a parent. Both the babies and their parents appears to be totally healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those babies is Kai Gracia. His parents, Alyssa and Jason Gracia, agreed to the test when Kai was just a few days old. They didn’t expect to find much. Alyssa was genotyped a few years before, and the information she got was mostly trivial — she learned she metabolized caffeine particularly quickly and she discovered she didn’t have the photic sneeze reflex, meaning she wasn’t likely to sneeze when suddenly exposed to bright light. So when the results on her baby came back, she was shocked. Right there in Kai’s genetic report was this: \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/supravalvular-aortic-stenosis\">supravalvular aortic stenosis.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out Kai has a mutation in a gene that codes for a protein called elastin. Elastin helps heart muscles bend and stretch. Not producing enough of it can cause the aorta to narrow. People can die from this, or need multiple surgeries as they grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that she knew her baby might get sick, Alyssa Gracia had lots of questions. Would Kai be able to play sports when he got older? Did he need surgery? Could crying too much be dangerous?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She made appointments with pediatric cardiologists and brought in Kai’s genetic report. One doctor said he looked fine, and only needed to be monitored every few years. Another said his parents should bring him back after just a few months. Usually, a condition like Kai’s isn’t diagnosed until a child is showing symptoms. That means doctors still aren’t quite sure how to treat Kai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the kind of story that both thrills and terrifies the observers of this new technology, according to Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no consensus on how to manage these findings,” he says. And it’s unclear if the follow-up is worth it, or if it might actually do harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gene sequencing reveals medical information about not just one person, but potentially a whole family. So all that follow-up is being done not just on Kai, but on his dad and his grandmother — all people who might be carrying this gene and might be at risk themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what can families do with all this information? Dr. Green says that for one family, this genetic report was potentially lifesaving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It showed an inherited mutation in the baby’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet\">BRCA2\u003c/a> gene, which increases the risk of breast, ovarian, prostate and pancreatic cancers. This means not only is the baby at risk, but the child’s mother or father could be, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before they told the family, the researchers had to deal with “a really pernicious ethical problem,” says Green. He and his colleagues had agreed they would only tell parents about genetic variants that could impact babies in childhood, since the children weren’t able to decide for themselves whether they wanted to know their genetic risks. BRCA2 causes cancer in adults, not children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this information was so important, Green decided to break protocol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know what the first four words were out of the mother’s mouth when she was told?” Green asks. ” ‘Oh, that explains it.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out the mother knew distant relatives who had died from cancer, but she hadn’t thought it meant anything for her. Without her baby’s test, she might never have learned about her own risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not every mutation is actionable like this. Green is also finding a lot of single recessive mutations for conditions like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cf/\">cystic fibrosis\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/taysachs/taysachs.htm\">Tay-Sachs\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/\">sickle cell\u003c/a>. Since it takes two mutations, one each from mother and father, to cause the disease, it becomes an issue only when these babies grow up and decide to have children themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing Green hadn’t anticipated is how hard it has been to convince new parents to do this screening in the first place. Early research showed the majority of parents were interested in the medical information. But 94 percent of parents Green and his team are approaching are saying no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren and Ian Patrick, the parents of baby Finn, are a good case study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, they were convinced they wanted the screening. But after an hour talking to a genetic counselor about all the ways this sequencing could go wrong, they decided against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They learned that any genetic sequencing would go in their son’s medical record, and it wouldn’t be able to be removed. And while federal law prohibits genetic discrimination by health care providers and in the workplace, life insurers can still use genetic information to pick and choose whom they’ll sell policies to. By the time the meeting was over, the Patricks’ excitement had been replaced with concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really gave me pause that this would be part of the medical record that private companies would have access to,” Lauren Patrick says. “That was my full stop in the end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, for the first time she’s making a decision for someone who has no say, she says. “That’s the biggest thing on my mind, this new dynamic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 WNYC Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/\">WNYC Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Would+You+Want+To+Know+The+Secrets+Hidden+In+Your+Baby%27s+Genes%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Lawmakers Consider Allowing Nurse-Midwives to Practice Without Physician Supervision",
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"content": "\u003cp>A California \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1306\" target=\"_blank\">bill\u003c/a> that would allow certified nurse-midwives to practice independently is pitting the state’s doctors against its hospitals, even though both sides support the main goal of the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Hospital Association and the California Medical Association, which represents doctors, agree that nurse-midwives have the training and qualifications to practice without physician supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they differ sharply over whether hospitals should be able to employ midwives directly — a dispute the certified nurse-midwives fear could derail the proposed law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very much caught in the middle,” said Linda Walsh, president of the California Nurse-Midwives Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would override an existing law that requires certified nurse-midwives to practice under the supervision of medical doctors. California is one of only six states that requires full supervision. Several other states mandate other forms of collaboration, such as in prescribing medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American College of Nurse-Midwives has been chipping away for decades at state laws that require physician supervision, and it has finally passed the tipping point nationally, said Jesse Bushman, director of federal government affairs for the organization. Nurse-midwives aren’t seeking permission to go off and do whatever they want without consulting anyone, Bushman said. “They’re just asking to be able to do what they are trained to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In states where nurse-midwives can practice independently, there is more access to care, he said, citing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.whijournal.com/article/S1049-3867%2816%2900025-6/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\">recent report\u003c/a> published by the George Washington University’s Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more than 11,200 nurse-midwives around the nation, including about 1,200 in California. They provide maternity care, family planning services and other primary care for women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, California eliminated the physician supervision requirement for licensed midwives, who require significantly less training than nurse-midwives. Unlike licensed midwives, certified nurse-midwives must become registered nurses and obtain a graduate degree in midwifery. They primarily deliver babies in hospitals, while licensed midwives usually work in homes or birth centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walsh said her association is trying to make it easier for certified nurse-midwives to practice around the state, especially in areas where there may not be any obstetricians. It can be challenging to find physicians willing to oversee nurse-midwives, because of the responsibility and liability involved, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an access issue in California,” Walsh said. “Yet we have this supervisory language that prevents an increase in access for the people who need it most.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Catterall, who works in a hospital-based midwifery practice at Feather River Hospital in Paradise, Calif., said getting physician supervision is not easy. For one thing, some nurse-midwives have to pay extra malpractice insurance in addition to paying doctors for their supervision. Even with the supervision, the doctors are not required to be present to oversee the care, added Catterall, who delivers about 100 babies a year and sees patients from throughout the rural region north of Sacramento where her hospital is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate between the doctors and the hospitals centers on the state’s prohibition of what’s known as the “corporate practice of medicine.” California does not allow corporations, including hospitals, to hire physicians, though there are several exceptions. The intent of the ban is to avoid undue corporate influence on doctors’ medical judgment and patient care. Under current law, hospitals can hire nurse-midwives, though many don’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the bill’s co-authors, Assemblywoman Autumn Burke, recently withdrew an amendment that would have mirrored the law applying to doctors by barring hospitals from hiring nurse-midwives. With that provision withdrawn, the California Medical Association now opposes the legislation and the California Hospital Association supports it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The physicians’ group believes that the health care decisions of nurse-midwives employed directly by hospitals could be influenced by their administrators, and it says it will only back the bill if the amendment is reinstated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients should have the same consumer protections whether they see a nurse-midwife or a doctor, said Juan Thomas, a lobbyist with the medical association. “It should be a level playing field,” he said. “We believe very strongly that the corporate practice of medicine bar language provides an important layer of patient protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Hospital Association, meanwhile, won’t support the bill if the amendment is reinstated. The association believes hospitals need to retain the freedom to hire nurse-midwives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ban on hiring would make it more difficult for nurse-midwives to work in hospitals, forcing them into roundabout contracts that are “unduly cumbersome, unduly burdensome and unnecessary,” said Jackie Garman, a vice president of the hospital association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Garman said, some nurse-midwives are already employed by hospitals. “What happens to them?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit Pacific Business Group on Health recently announced its support of the midwife bill, saying it would help expand women’s choices in pregnancy care and lead to better maternal health. In the spring, the group had sponsored a roundtable with more than 30 organizations from around California to discuss increasing access to nurse-midwives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is really hard to argue with the evidence about the value that midwives offer pregnant women,” said Brynn Rubinstein, the group’s senior manager for transforming maternity care. “They are delivering more patient-friendly care, yielding better outcomes and saving money for purchasers,” she said. “But they are not always easy to find.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows that patients of certified nurse-midwives have fewer cesarean deliveries and \u003ca href=\"http://www.whijournal.com/article/S1049-3867(11)00160-5/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">lower epidural rates.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Burke’s office is continuing to talk to representatives of both the physicians and the hospitals to try and find a solution to the contentious issue of whether hospitals should be allowed to hire nurse-midwives, said Allison Ruff, a senior aide to Burke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For both of them, it is an issue they don’t want to compromise on,” she said. “The bill became a pawn in the fight between the hospitals and the physicians. It still is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003csection class=\"meta-tags\">\u003c/section>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A California \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1306\" target=\"_blank\">bill\u003c/a> that would allow certified nurse-midwives to practice independently is pitting the state’s doctors against its hospitals, even though both sides support the main goal of the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Hospital Association and the California Medical Association, which represents doctors, agree that nurse-midwives have the training and qualifications to practice without physician supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they differ sharply over whether hospitals should be able to employ midwives directly — a dispute the certified nurse-midwives fear could derail the proposed law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very much caught in the middle,” said Linda Walsh, president of the California Nurse-Midwives Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would override an existing law that requires certified nurse-midwives to practice under the supervision of medical doctors. California is one of only six states that requires full supervision. Several other states mandate other forms of collaboration, such as in prescribing medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American College of Nurse-Midwives has been chipping away for decades at state laws that require physician supervision, and it has finally passed the tipping point nationally, said Jesse Bushman, director of federal government affairs for the organization. Nurse-midwives aren’t seeking permission to go off and do whatever they want without consulting anyone, Bushman said. “They’re just asking to be able to do what they are trained to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In states where nurse-midwives can practice independently, there is more access to care, he said, citing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.whijournal.com/article/S1049-3867%2816%2900025-6/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\">recent report\u003c/a> published by the George Washington University’s Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more than 11,200 nurse-midwives around the nation, including about 1,200 in California. They provide maternity care, family planning services and other primary care for women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, California eliminated the physician supervision requirement for licensed midwives, who require significantly less training than nurse-midwives. Unlike licensed midwives, certified nurse-midwives must become registered nurses and obtain a graduate degree in midwifery. They primarily deliver babies in hospitals, while licensed midwives usually work in homes or birth centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walsh said her association is trying to make it easier for certified nurse-midwives to practice around the state, especially in areas where there may not be any obstetricians. It can be challenging to find physicians willing to oversee nurse-midwives, because of the responsibility and liability involved, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an access issue in California,” Walsh said. “Yet we have this supervisory language that prevents an increase in access for the people who need it most.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Catterall, who works in a hospital-based midwifery practice at Feather River Hospital in Paradise, Calif., said getting physician supervision is not easy. For one thing, some nurse-midwives have to pay extra malpractice insurance in addition to paying doctors for their supervision. Even with the supervision, the doctors are not required to be present to oversee the care, added Catterall, who delivers about 100 babies a year and sees patients from throughout the rural region north of Sacramento where her hospital is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate between the doctors and the hospitals centers on the state’s prohibition of what’s known as the “corporate practice of medicine.” California does not allow corporations, including hospitals, to hire physicians, though there are several exceptions. The intent of the ban is to avoid undue corporate influence on doctors’ medical judgment and patient care. Under current law, hospitals can hire nurse-midwives, though many don’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the bill’s co-authors, Assemblywoman Autumn Burke, recently withdrew an amendment that would have mirrored the law applying to doctors by barring hospitals from hiring nurse-midwives. With that provision withdrawn, the California Medical Association now opposes the legislation and the California Hospital Association supports it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The physicians’ group believes that the health care decisions of nurse-midwives employed directly by hospitals could be influenced by their administrators, and it says it will only back the bill if the amendment is reinstated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients should have the same consumer protections whether they see a nurse-midwife or a doctor, said Juan Thomas, a lobbyist with the medical association. “It should be a level playing field,” he said. “We believe very strongly that the corporate practice of medicine bar language provides an important layer of patient protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Hospital Association, meanwhile, won’t support the bill if the amendment is reinstated. The association believes hospitals need to retain the freedom to hire nurse-midwives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ban on hiring would make it more difficult for nurse-midwives to work in hospitals, forcing them into roundabout contracts that are “unduly cumbersome, unduly burdensome and unnecessary,” said Jackie Garman, a vice president of the hospital association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Garman said, some nurse-midwives are already employed by hospitals. “What happens to them?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit Pacific Business Group on Health recently announced its support of the midwife bill, saying it would help expand women’s choices in pregnancy care and lead to better maternal health. In the spring, the group had sponsored a roundtable with more than 30 organizations from around California to discuss increasing access to nurse-midwives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is really hard to argue with the evidence about the value that midwives offer pregnant women,” said Brynn Rubinstein, the group’s senior manager for transforming maternity care. “They are delivering more patient-friendly care, yielding better outcomes and saving money for purchasers,” she said. “But they are not always easy to find.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows that patients of certified nurse-midwives have fewer cesarean deliveries and \u003ca href=\"http://www.whijournal.com/article/S1049-3867(11)00160-5/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">lower epidural rates.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Burke’s office is continuing to talk to representatives of both the physicians and the hospitals to try and find a solution to the contentious issue of whether hospitals should be allowed to hire nurse-midwives, said Allison Ruff, a senior aide to Burke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For both of them, it is an issue they don’t want to compromise on,” she said. “The bill became a pawn in the fight between the hospitals and the physicians. 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"content": "\u003cp>California falls significantly short of a new recommendation by an influential group of pediatricians calling for every school in the United States to have at least one nurse on site.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Districts are stretched for money, and school nurses aren’t required, so they don’t see the need.\"\u003ccite>Linda Davis-Alldritt, former president, National Association of School Nurses \u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Fifty-seven percent of California’s public school districts, with 1.2 million students, do not employ nurses, according to research from Sacramento State University’s School of Nursing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The call for a nurse in every school appeared this week in a policy statement by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/\" target=\"_blank\">American Academy of Pediatrics\u003c/a>. The group’s \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/05/19/peds.2016-0852\" target=\"_blank\">new guideline\u003c/a> replaces its previous one, which recommended that school districts have one nurse for every 750 healthy students, and one for every 225 students who need daily assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academy said the use of a numerical ratio was “inadequate to fill the increasingly complex health needs of students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when measured against that old yardstick, California’s schools are woefully deficient. Statewide, there is one nurse for every 2,784 students, according to 2014 numbers from \u003ca href=\"http://www.kidsdata.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KidsData\u003c/a>, a program of the Lucile Packard Foundation for Children’s Health. That’s nearly four times more students per nurse than the academy had recommended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in some regions it is far worse than that. In Santa Cruz County, for example, there were 13,432 students for every nurse in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s school nursing shortage is troublesome, experts say, because nurses provide much more than basic health services to students. They help manage chronic diseases, assist with obesity prevention, and participate in emergency preparedness and behavioral assessment, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/417Hs/3/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"570\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“School nursing is one of the most effective ways to keep children healthy and in school and to prevent chronic absenteeism,” said Breena Welch Holmes, lead author of the academy’s policy statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathy Ryan, president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.csno.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California School Nurses Organization\u003c/a>, said the academy’s new guideline, which also calls for access to a physician in every school district, underscores the vital need to upgrade health services in the state’s schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She noted that the new recommendation is stronger than the previous ratio-based guideline for whole school districts. Having a nurse across town, even if it means a school district is meeting a numerical target, is not as effective as having a full-time nurse on site every day, she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan noted that when children are absent, schools loses money. So when school nurses help reduce absenteeism, they could eventually pay for themselves, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s school nurse deficiency is due in large part to the fact that schools are not legally obliged to hire nurses, and employing them competes with other priorities for scarce funding, said Linda Davis-Alldritt, ex-president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">National Association of School Nurses\u003c/a> and a former nursing consultant to the state’s Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Districts are stretched for money, and school nurses aren’t required, so they don’t see the need,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For California to attain the academy’s goal of a nurse in every school, the state legislature would need to make it a requirement, Davis-Alldritt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Barbara Feder-Ostrov contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California falls significantly short of a new recommendation by an influential group of pediatricians calling for every school in the United States to have at least one nurse on site.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Districts are stretched for money, and school nurses aren’t required, so they don’t see the need.\"\u003ccite>Linda Davis-Alldritt, former president, National Association of School Nurses \u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Fifty-seven percent of California’s public school districts, with 1.2 million students, do not employ nurses, according to research from Sacramento State University’s School of Nursing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The call for a nurse in every school appeared this week in a policy statement by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/\" target=\"_blank\">American Academy of Pediatrics\u003c/a>. The group’s \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/05/19/peds.2016-0852\" target=\"_blank\">new guideline\u003c/a> replaces its previous one, which recommended that school districts have one nurse for every 750 healthy students, and one for every 225 students who need daily assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academy said the use of a numerical ratio was “inadequate to fill the increasingly complex health needs of students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when measured against that old yardstick, California’s schools are woefully deficient. Statewide, there is one nurse for every 2,784 students, according to 2014 numbers from \u003ca href=\"http://www.kidsdata.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KidsData\u003c/a>, a program of the Lucile Packard Foundation for Children’s Health. That’s nearly four times more students per nurse than the academy had recommended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in some regions it is far worse than that. In Santa Cruz County, for example, there were 13,432 students for every nurse in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s school nursing shortage is troublesome, experts say, because nurses provide much more than basic health services to students. They help manage chronic diseases, assist with obesity prevention, and participate in emergency preparedness and behavioral assessment, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/417Hs/3/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"570\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“School nursing is one of the most effective ways to keep children healthy and in school and to prevent chronic absenteeism,” said Breena Welch Holmes, lead author of the academy’s policy statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathy Ryan, president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.csno.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California School Nurses Organization\u003c/a>, said the academy’s new guideline, which also calls for access to a physician in every school district, underscores the vital need to upgrade health services in the state’s schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She noted that the new recommendation is stronger than the previous ratio-based guideline for whole school districts. Having a nurse across town, even if it means a school district is meeting a numerical target, is not as effective as having a full-time nurse on site every day, she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan noted that when children are absent, schools loses money. So when school nurses help reduce absenteeism, they could eventually pay for themselves, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s school nurse deficiency is due in large part to the fact that schools are not legally obliged to hire nurses, and employing them competes with other priorities for scarce funding, said Linda Davis-Alldritt, ex-president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">National Association of School Nurses\u003c/a> and a former nursing consultant to the state’s Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Districts are stretched for money, and school nurses aren’t required, so they don’t see the need,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For California to attain the academy’s goal of a nurse in every school, the state legislature would need to make it a requirement, Davis-Alldritt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Barbara Feder-Ostrov contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's a well-known fact at Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Academic Middle School in San Francisco that the toughest time to teach is right after lunch. Kids are tired, and trouble that starts at lunch can sometimes carry into the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the academic counselor is trying to mediate between two girls who were sent out of the classroom, and who are arguing about who's responsible. Later, three adults have to restrain another girl from running out into the hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These girls won't get suspended today, but they will lose learning time because they will sit in a room while school staff enter the incident into a database and then they will meet with a counselor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/195179135\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many school districts across California, schools are cutting down on the number of suspensions. The theory is: Keep kids in class, and they'll learn more and be less likely to drop out. San Francisco Unified School District has been a leader, passing a resolution last year to ban all suspensions for \"willful defiance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this right, all the teachers in a school have to build deep relationships with their most challenging kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the challenges is the sheer number of disruptions. Seventh-grader Alexis Gill says the new policy hasn't improved her classmates' behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They cuss out the teachers, throw tables and chairs and stuff around the classroom,\" said Gill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of seventh-graders I spoke with say they get sent out of class for other kinds of behavior, sometimes for things like leaving the room or talking or using their phone. When these 12- and 13-year-olds have been suspended, it's usually been for fights. One girl lit a piece of paper on fire and said she hoped the whole class burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Once [teachers] learned how to do it, and they spent...time building relationships in their classroom through restorative practices, they cannot stop raving about how it changes the culture.'\u003ccite>Laura Faer, education rights director for Public Counsel\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Assistant Principal Michael Essien says the school is seeking to look at these incidents not as crimes to be punished, but as cries for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He walks the halls, greeting students with a smile and a booming voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who’s bouncing that basketball up there? I need you back in class, man!\" Essien yells to a group of boys. And then, to a girl using her cellphone, \"Put that phone away, girl. You trying to give it to me?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essien says the school needs to revamp its entire culture. Part of the problem, he says, is that teachers don’t know how to relate to students. Most students at Martin Luther King are African-American, Asian and Latino. Most of the teachers are white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a teacher, who may or may not have anything in connection with any of those cultures, how do I make the classroom such that there’s a relationship between the students and I, and between the students themselves, so we can reduce inappropriate behaviors that can get you referred out?\" he asks. \"It’s building relationships. But it’s challenging for teachers to do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Training teachers to change the way they teach is a long haul. San Francisco has been working with teachers on this since 2009. But there are gaps. At Martin Luther King, not all teachers are trained. And there's been some pushback here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighth-grade social studies teacher Susan Warren says she supports reducing suspensions in theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I agree, they’re not learning if they are outside the classroom, but for some students, no one’s learning if they’re in the classroom,\" Warren says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She echoes what other teachers here say: They sometimes feel overwhelmed by all the steps they have to take before sending a kid out of class. First, they give a warning. Then they send the student into the hall. If that doesn't help, they send them to another classroom to reflect, and then they make a phone call home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm happy to facilitate that process,\" said Warren, \"but it gets in the way of me trying to teach literacy skills and pure content.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be because she needs more training, said Laura Faer, education rights director with Public Counsel, an advocacy group that has pushed for alternatives to suspension and harsh discipline statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Universally, the teachers we talk to say, 'When I first started doing this, I thought, 'This is going to be so hard, it’s going to take so much of my time, how am I going to do it?' \" said Faer. \"And then once they learned how to do it, and they spent that time building relationships in their classroom, through restorative practices, they cannot stop raving about how it changes the culture. It saves them so much time, because children are behaved well, and teachers can teach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Counsel has urged the state to track not just the number of suspensions, but whether teachers and students are really receiving the support they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just emotional support. It's also academic. Susan Warren says even if she knows how to avoid suspensions, she still has to teach kids who act out because they struggle with the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And if you put something in front of them, they're not going to do it. They're going to start talking, they might get out of their seat, they might go to the garbage can six times, and then, they might hit someone on their way to the garbage can,\" said Warren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Unified School District officials say they are collecting data online every time a student is sent out of class now. They'll be able to see why kids are sent out, and what the outcomes are. That should help them target more help to schools that need it the most.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this right, all the teachers in a school have to build deep relationships with their most challenging kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the challenges is the sheer number of disruptions. Seventh-grader Alexis Gill says the new policy hasn't improved her classmates' behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They cuss out the teachers, throw tables and chairs and stuff around the classroom,\" said Gill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of seventh-graders I spoke with say they get sent out of class for other kinds of behavior, sometimes for things like leaving the room or talking or using their phone. When these 12- and 13-year-olds have been suspended, it's usually been for fights. One girl lit a piece of paper on fire and said she hoped the whole class burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Once [teachers] learned how to do it, and they spent...time building relationships in their classroom through restorative practices, they cannot stop raving about how it changes the culture.'\u003ccite>Laura Faer, education rights director for Public Counsel\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Assistant Principal Michael Essien says the school is seeking to look at these incidents not as crimes to be punished, but as cries for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He walks the halls, greeting students with a smile and a booming voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who’s bouncing that basketball up there? I need you back in class, man!\" Essien yells to a group of boys. And then, to a girl using her cellphone, \"Put that phone away, girl. You trying to give it to me?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essien says the school needs to revamp its entire culture. Part of the problem, he says, is that teachers don’t know how to relate to students. Most students at Martin Luther King are African-American, Asian and Latino. Most of the teachers are white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a teacher, who may or may not have anything in connection with any of those cultures, how do I make the classroom such that there’s a relationship between the students and I, and between the students themselves, so we can reduce inappropriate behaviors that can get you referred out?\" he asks. \"It’s building relationships. But it’s challenging for teachers to do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Training teachers to change the way they teach is a long haul. San Francisco has been working with teachers on this since 2009. But there are gaps. At Martin Luther King, not all teachers are trained. And there's been some pushback here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighth-grade social studies teacher Susan Warren says she supports reducing suspensions in theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I agree, they’re not learning if they are outside the classroom, but for some students, no one’s learning if they’re in the classroom,\" Warren says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She echoes what other teachers here say: They sometimes feel overwhelmed by all the steps they have to take before sending a kid out of class. First, they give a warning. Then they send the student into the hall. If that doesn't help, they send them to another classroom to reflect, and then they make a phone call home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm happy to facilitate that process,\" said Warren, \"but it gets in the way of me trying to teach literacy skills and pure content.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be because she needs more training, said Laura Faer, education rights director with Public Counsel, an advocacy group that has pushed for alternatives to suspension and harsh discipline statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Universally, the teachers we talk to say, 'When I first started doing this, I thought, 'This is going to be so hard, it’s going to take so much of my time, how am I going to do it?' \" said Faer. \"And then once they learned how to do it, and they spent that time building relationships in their classroom, through restorative practices, they cannot stop raving about how it changes the culture. It saves them so much time, because children are behaved well, and teachers can teach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Counsel has urged the state to track not just the number of suspensions, but whether teachers and students are really receiving the support they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just emotional support. It's also academic. Susan Warren says even if she knows how to avoid suspensions, she still has to teach kids who act out because they struggle with the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And if you put something in front of them, they're not going to do it. They're going to start talking, they might get out of their seat, they might go to the garbage can six times, and then, they might hit someone on their way to the garbage can,\" said Warren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Unified School District officials say they are collecting data online every time a student is sent out of class now. They'll be able to see why kids are sent out, and what the outcomes are. That should help them target more help to schools that need it the most.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Undocumented Kids Face Tough Legal Obstacles to Staying in U.S.",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Steven Cuevas, The California Report\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141825\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 376px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-141825\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/immigrationborder-640x381.jpg\" alt=\"NOGALES, Ariz.: Two young girls watch a World Cup soccer match on a television from their holding area where hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant children are being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center on June 18, 2014. (Photo by Ross D. Franklin-Pool/Getty Images)\" width=\"376\" height=\"224\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOGALES, Ariz.: Two young girls watch a World Cup soccer match on a television from their holding area where hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant children are being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center June 18, 2014. (Photo by Ross D. Franklin-Pool/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s plenty of speculation over why so many young people are streaming into the U.S. illegally from Central America. Some believe it’s to escape violent organized crime, or that immigration authorities in the U.S. will treat youngsters with leniency when they cross the border. But undocumented kids face some tough legal obstacles no matter the reasons behind their flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harol Canales, 22, was 15-years-old when he fled Honduras with his best friend about seven years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only me and him, that’s it,” remembers Canales, speaking via cellphone while on a lunch break at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many of the undocumented children now arriving in the U.S. with no parents, no papers and little money, Canales was trying to escape the mounting threat of gang violence. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was super bad, very,” Canales says. “I did not want to stay there, something might happen to me so I just decided to just try to get here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harol’s mother had arrived several years earlier and managed to obtain temporary protected status. His plan for getting to his mom was simple: “Keep walking and get to L.A.” He also hopped trains and caught rides. On his way to L.A., Harol was detained by immigration agents at a checkpoint on the Arizona-California border. But because he was still a child, authorities released him to his mother’s custody with a pledge that he appear at a deportation hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He came fearing gang violence and persecution by the gangs in Honduras,” says Harol’s Los Angeles attorney Alma Rosa Nieto. “So of course we presented that evidence in those claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says Harol’s best option to avoid deportation was to petition for asylum. But the burden of proof is high. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically, show us that you would be killed, maimed, kidnapped or disappeared for us to grant you an asylum,” explains Nieto. “And of course very few people can show that high level of evidence when you’re fleeing, and he came as a child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After losing several appeals, Harol applied for temporary residency under 2012’s Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA. His case is pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Basically show us that you would be killed, maimed, kidnapped or disappeared for us to grant you an asylum.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>DACA is only available to young undocumented immigrants who were here before 2007, but Harol's case is not unlike many of the unaccompanied children and teenagers now being held in temporary detention centers across the U.S., including Naval Base Ventura County where about 500 teens are being held.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Norma Torres (D-Pomona) is among a group of officials who visited the base last week. Torres says few, if any of the young detainees, understand the daunting legal challenges they face. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Legal issues are the furthest things from their mind,\" Torres says. \"You know they are very much kids. Children don’t know the legal process of this foreign nation, they only know that coming to the U.S. means an opportunity to live another day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An inability to understand their precarious legal situation is precisely why immigration lawyers need to reach them, says Kristen Jackson, a staff attorney with Public Counsel, a nonprofit legal aid group that sued the federal government with other groups last week on behalf of young immigrant detainees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many, many cases the child is there alone, they have no lawyer to advocate for them,\" Jackson says. \"They don’t understand the immigration laws, and so that’s what our lawsuit is about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/158837744&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit aims to get the government to provide undocumented minors a court-appointed attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have not recognized the children’s right to legal representation,” Jackson says. “So you have children appearing in immigration court in front of a judge and a trained attorney for the government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But John Feere says the government providing legal aid to undocumented minors or adults sends the wrong message. Feere is a policy analyst with the Center for Immigration Studies in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we have a situation where only the worst of the worst are being deported,” Feere says. “So if you come here illegally and you generally abide by the laws, your odds of being deported are quite slim. And until that message changes, more people will risk their lives coming across the border.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feere is skeptical of promises from some federal officials that the tens of thousands of youngsters who’ve crossed into the U.S. illegally in recent months will be deported swiftly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A White House spokesman said last week that most of the unaccompanied minors are unlikely to qualify for humanitarian relief and would face deportation. That’s troubling to Harol Canales. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There (are) a lot of people who don’t want those kids in here,” Canales says. “But they’re just kids, you know? So I think everyone needs a chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after he fled Honduras, Harol’s father and other relatives were killed in gang violence -- a cruel reminder of what he left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harol hopes authorities consider the danger today’s undocumented youngsters could face if their claims of asylum are also dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Steven Cuevas, The California Report\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141825\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 376px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-141825\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/immigrationborder-640x381.jpg\" alt=\"NOGALES, Ariz.: Two young girls watch a World Cup soccer match on a television from their holding area where hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant children are being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center on June 18, 2014. (Photo by Ross D. Franklin-Pool/Getty Images)\" width=\"376\" height=\"224\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOGALES, Ariz.: Two young girls watch a World Cup soccer match on a television from their holding area where hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant children are being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center June 18, 2014. (Photo by Ross D. Franklin-Pool/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s plenty of speculation over why so many young people are streaming into the U.S. illegally from Central America. Some believe it’s to escape violent organized crime, or that immigration authorities in the U.S. will treat youngsters with leniency when they cross the border. But undocumented kids face some tough legal obstacles no matter the reasons behind their flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harol Canales, 22, was 15-years-old when he fled Honduras with his best friend about seven years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only me and him, that’s it,” remembers Canales, speaking via cellphone while on a lunch break at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many of the undocumented children now arriving in the U.S. with no parents, no papers and little money, Canales was trying to escape the mounting threat of gang violence. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was super bad, very,” Canales says. “I did not want to stay there, something might happen to me so I just decided to just try to get here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harol’s mother had arrived several years earlier and managed to obtain temporary protected status. His plan for getting to his mom was simple: “Keep walking and get to L.A.” He also hopped trains and caught rides. On his way to L.A., Harol was detained by immigration agents at a checkpoint on the Arizona-California border. But because he was still a child, authorities released him to his mother’s custody with a pledge that he appear at a deportation hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He came fearing gang violence and persecution by the gangs in Honduras,” says Harol’s Los Angeles attorney Alma Rosa Nieto. “So of course we presented that evidence in those claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says Harol’s best option to avoid deportation was to petition for asylum. But the burden of proof is high. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically, show us that you would be killed, maimed, kidnapped or disappeared for us to grant you an asylum,” explains Nieto. “And of course very few people can show that high level of evidence when you’re fleeing, and he came as a child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After losing several appeals, Harol applied for temporary residency under 2012’s Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA. His case is pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Basically show us that you would be killed, maimed, kidnapped or disappeared for us to grant you an asylum.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>DACA is only available to young undocumented immigrants who were here before 2007, but Harol's case is not unlike many of the unaccompanied children and teenagers now being held in temporary detention centers across the U.S., including Naval Base Ventura County where about 500 teens are being held.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Norma Torres (D-Pomona) is among a group of officials who visited the base last week. Torres says few, if any of the young detainees, understand the daunting legal challenges they face. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Legal issues are the furthest things from their mind,\" Torres says. \"You know they are very much kids. Children don’t know the legal process of this foreign nation, they only know that coming to the U.S. means an opportunity to live another day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An inability to understand their precarious legal situation is precisely why immigration lawyers need to reach them, says Kristen Jackson, a staff attorney with Public Counsel, a nonprofit legal aid group that sued the federal government with other groups last week on behalf of young immigrant detainees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many, many cases the child is there alone, they have no lawyer to advocate for them,\" Jackson says. \"They don’t understand the immigration laws, and so that’s what our lawsuit is about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/158837744&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit aims to get the government to provide undocumented minors a court-appointed attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have not recognized the children’s right to legal representation,” Jackson says. “So you have children appearing in immigration court in front of a judge and a trained attorney for the government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But John Feere says the government providing legal aid to undocumented minors or adults sends the wrong message. Feere is a policy analyst with the Center for Immigration Studies in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we have a situation where only the worst of the worst are being deported,” Feere says. “So if you come here illegally and you generally abide by the laws, your odds of being deported are quite slim. And until that message changes, more people will risk their lives coming across the border.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feere is skeptical of promises from some federal officials that the tens of thousands of youngsters who’ve crossed into the U.S. illegally in recent months will be deported swiftly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A White House spokesman said last week that most of the unaccompanied minors are unlikely to qualify for humanitarian relief and would face deportation. That’s troubling to Harol Canales. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There (are) a lot of people who don’t want those kids in here,” Canales says. “But they’re just kids, you know? So I think everyone needs a chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after he fled Honduras, Harol’s father and other relatives were killed in gang violence -- a cruel reminder of what he left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harol hopes authorities consider the danger today’s undocumented youngsters could face if their claims of asylum are also dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California’s Lack of Online Child Care Records Leaves Parents in Dark",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Katharine Mieszkowski, The Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_124905\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/01/daycare07.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-124905\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/01/daycare07-640x361.jpg\" alt=\"Denise Davis, shown in her daughter’s bedroom in her San Jose, Calif., home, used to send her children to a day care in Stephanie Newbrough’s home in Milpitas. The day care was shut down last year after a long history of breaking state rules,including a lack of supervision of children. Davis says she would not have sent her children there if she had known about its record. (Noah Berger/The Center for Investigative Reporting)\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Denise Davis, shown in her daughter’s bedroom in her San Jose home, used to send her children to day care in Stephanie Newbrough’s home in Milpitas. The day care was shut down last year after a long history of breaking state rules, including a lack of supervision of children. Davis says she would not have sent her children there if she had known about its record. (Noah Berger/The Center for Investigative Reporting)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The infant boy had been left alone in a closet. He was strapped into a car seat, facing a wall on the second floor of a Milpitas day care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state inspector discovered the isolated boy when she visited in April and shut down the day care that Stephanie Newbrough had run out of her home for more than 18 years. Newbrough had been a respected member of the local community. Many parents who left children in her care lived nearby or learned about her day care through word of mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But behind that neighborly image, the day care had a long history of breaking state rules, including a lack of supervision of children in its care. Parents like Denise Davis knew nothing of the problems. “It’s your worst nightmare,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The violations were so severe that Newbrough ultimately lost her license and was banned for life from operating a day care in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California doesn’t make it easy for parents to find out what’s going on at the places that care for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state keeps a vast archive of inspection and complaint reports against nearly 48,000 state-licensed day care, preschool and after-school programs. But for the most part, these records remain stored away in obscure government offices, making access difficult for busy parents of the 1.1 million children who attend these programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of states already make public reports available online. California has no plans to do so, despite years of pressure from state and now federal officials who want to give parents a complete picture of what the state knows about the care of their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis, who’d known Newbrough since she was a teen, said she would not have sent her three children to the day care if she had known about its record. She did not know the records existed, much less what they said about Newbrough’s day care when she sent her children there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center of Investigative Reporting is trying to get electronic copies from the state under the California Public Records Act with the hopes of putting them online. The state Department of Social Services says it will\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>cost more than $20,000 and take more than two years for CIR to get the public data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say the request should take minimal time and money because databases are designed to be able to export information easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The majority of states already make public reports available online.\n\u003cp>California has no plans to do so.\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“That’s just embarrassing. Do they really want to be known as the dumbest, most backward government agency in California?” said \u003ca href=\"http://journalism.arizona.edu/david-cuillier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Cuillier\u003c/a>, an expert on public records who directs the University of Arizona’s School of Journalism. “Because if they cannot export data quickly, then they’ve got problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contrast California with other large states, like Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google “Texas child care,” and the first search result that comes up is the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services’ \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/Child_Care/Search_Texas_Child_Care/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">site\u003c/a> for day care records. “Don’t be in the dark about child care!” the website warns. “Before entrusting your child to a day care, check its state record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a top official at the Department of Social Services admitted the problem and called its technology “old and outdated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all expect that any information that we want to know, we just Google it, and we should be able to pull up everything,” said Pat Leary, chief deputy director. “And it’s frustrating for parents, I know, when they can’t just get easy access to information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows that putting the reports online improves the quality of child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one reason that the federal government is finalizing regulations that will require states to put records online in order to receive subsidies for low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the nation’s largest recipient from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Child Care and Development Fund, pulling in more than half a billion dollars a year. It’s the only one of the four largest states that doesn’t already make investigation and inspection information available on the Web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Health and Human Services Department considers the records an essential tool for parents choosing child care. “Limiting access to this information creates a burden for parents,” its \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2013/05/20/2013-11673/child-care-and-development-fund-ccdf-program#/h\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed new rule\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ann Dryden Witte, an economist at the National Bureau of Economic Research, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nber.org/papers/w10227.pdf\">found\u003c/a> in 2004 that providers’ quality of care for children of low-income families\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>went up when the reports went online in Broward County, Fla. The mean assessment score of local providers went from 89 to 91, on par with education efforts to improve classroom environment or curriculum. Inspectors also were more productive, completing an average of 14 more inspections a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a result, they cleaned up their act,” Witte said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, parents can contact \u003ca href=\"http://www.rrnetwork.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">child care resource and referral agencies\u003c/a> to find out which child care providers are licensed. But these agencies don’t have access to the state’s inspection and complaint records. The agencies tell the parents they must get in touch with one of the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccld.ca.gov/res/pdf/cclistingMaster.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regional licensing offices\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calling or visiting such a little-known office is too high a barrier for busy parents of young children, the state auditor concluded in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bsa.ca.gov/pdfs/reports/2005-129.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2006 report\u003c/a>. The offices are open only during typical work hours, and most parents who send their children to child care do so because they’re at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/132396178&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than seven years, the Department of Social Services has been pledging to get the records online. In 2006, the department assured the state auditor that it was working on it but warned that it needed money to do so. More than five years later, it told the auditor that it planned to use stimulus money to get the job done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the state auditor gave up on the department, saying it had no confidence the state would put the records online. The Department of Social Services ended up getting $1 million in education stimulus money, but it’s being spent on other things. Leary said that money didn’t cover the costs for the project. The department still doesn’t have a plan to get the records online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For CIR’s request, the department estimates that extracting the data from its database would require more than 500 hours of staff time at a cost of $41 an hour, totaling at least $20,500. The agency also says it can devote only four hours per week to this project, so it would take more than two years to complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say that estimate strains credulity. “If it takes someone working full time for 12½ weeks to export data, that is probably one of the worst government computer systems I’ve ever heard of,” Cuillier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Milpitas, Davis and her husband abruptly pulled their children out of the Newbrough’s day care in 2010 when they learned from a worker at the day care that their infant daughter was put down for naps in her car seat, which may \u003ca href=\"http://www.medpagetoday.com/Pediatrics/GeneralPediatrics/15652\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inhibit the child’s breathing\u003c/a>. Newbrough subsequently sued the parents for breach of contract in small claims court and won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector who found the infant in the closet and shut down the facility also discovered that there weren’t enough caregivers\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>providing supervision, a violation that Newbrough had received before. In years prior, inspectors cited the day care seven times for threatening the health, safety or rights of children, its most serious violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newbrough, who didn’t respond to requests for comment, is no longer operating a day care. But that doesn’t mean she’s entirely out of the child care business in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newbrough still is listed as the president and founder of \u003ca href=\"http://pandpsitters.com\">Prince and Princess Sitters\u003c/a> on the company’s website. It is a baby-sitting and nanny placement agency in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was edited by Andrew Donohue and copy edited by Nikki Frick and Christine Lee.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This story was produced by the independent, nonprofit Center for Investigative Reporting, the country’s largest investigative reporting team. For more, visit cironline.org. Mieszkowski can be reached at \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"mailto:kmieszkowski@cironline.org\">\u003cstrong>kmieszkowski@cironline.org\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Katharine Mieszkowski, The Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_124905\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/01/daycare07.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-124905\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/01/daycare07-640x361.jpg\" alt=\"Denise Davis, shown in her daughter’s bedroom in her San Jose, Calif., home, used to send her children to a day care in Stephanie Newbrough’s home in Milpitas. The day care was shut down last year after a long history of breaking state rules,including a lack of supervision of children. Davis says she would not have sent her children there if she had known about its record. (Noah Berger/The Center for Investigative Reporting)\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Denise Davis, shown in her daughter’s bedroom in her San Jose home, used to send her children to day care in Stephanie Newbrough’s home in Milpitas. The day care was shut down last year after a long history of breaking state rules, including a lack of supervision of children. Davis says she would not have sent her children there if she had known about its record. (Noah Berger/The Center for Investigative Reporting)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The infant boy had been left alone in a closet. He was strapped into a car seat, facing a wall on the second floor of a Milpitas day care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state inspector discovered the isolated boy when she visited in April and shut down the day care that Stephanie Newbrough had run out of her home for more than 18 years. Newbrough had been a respected member of the local community. Many parents who left children in her care lived nearby or learned about her day care through word of mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But behind that neighborly image, the day care had a long history of breaking state rules, including a lack of supervision of children in its care. Parents like Denise Davis knew nothing of the problems. “It’s your worst nightmare,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The violations were so severe that Newbrough ultimately lost her license and was banned for life from operating a day care in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California doesn’t make it easy for parents to find out what’s going on at the places that care for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state keeps a vast archive of inspection and complaint reports against nearly 48,000 state-licensed day care, preschool and after-school programs. But for the most part, these records remain stored away in obscure government offices, making access difficult for busy parents of the 1.1 million children who attend these programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of states already make public reports available online. California has no plans to do so, despite years of pressure from state and now federal officials who want to give parents a complete picture of what the state knows about the care of their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis, who’d known Newbrough since she was a teen, said she would not have sent her three children to the day care if she had known about its record. She did not know the records existed, much less what they said about Newbrough’s day care when she sent her children there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center of Investigative Reporting is trying to get electronic copies from the state under the California Public Records Act with the hopes of putting them online. The state Department of Social Services says it will\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>cost more than $20,000 and take more than two years for CIR to get the public data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say the request should take minimal time and money because databases are designed to be able to export information easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The majority of states already make public reports available online.\n\u003cp>California has no plans to do so.\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“That’s just embarrassing. Do they really want to be known as the dumbest, most backward government agency in California?” said \u003ca href=\"http://journalism.arizona.edu/david-cuillier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Cuillier\u003c/a>, an expert on public records who directs the University of Arizona’s School of Journalism. “Because if they cannot export data quickly, then they’ve got problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contrast California with other large states, like Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google “Texas child care,” and the first search result that comes up is the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services’ \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/Child_Care/Search_Texas_Child_Care/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">site\u003c/a> for day care records. “Don’t be in the dark about child care!” the website warns. “Before entrusting your child to a day care, check its state record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a top official at the Department of Social Services admitted the problem and called its technology “old and outdated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all expect that any information that we want to know, we just Google it, and we should be able to pull up everything,” said Pat Leary, chief deputy director. “And it’s frustrating for parents, I know, when they can’t just get easy access to information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows that putting the reports online improves the quality of child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one reason that the federal government is finalizing regulations that will require states to put records online in order to receive subsidies for low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the nation’s largest recipient from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Child Care and Development Fund, pulling in more than half a billion dollars a year. It’s the only one of the four largest states that doesn’t already make investigation and inspection information available on the Web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Health and Human Services Department considers the records an essential tool for parents choosing child care. “Limiting access to this information creates a burden for parents,” its \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2013/05/20/2013-11673/child-care-and-development-fund-ccdf-program#/h\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed new rule\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ann Dryden Witte, an economist at the National Bureau of Economic Research, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nber.org/papers/w10227.pdf\">found\u003c/a> in 2004 that providers’ quality of care for children of low-income families\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>went up when the reports went online in Broward County, Fla. The mean assessment score of local providers went from 89 to 91, on par with education efforts to improve classroom environment or curriculum. Inspectors also were more productive, completing an average of 14 more inspections a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a result, they cleaned up their act,” Witte said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, parents can contact \u003ca href=\"http://www.rrnetwork.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">child care resource and referral agencies\u003c/a> to find out which child care providers are licensed. But these agencies don’t have access to the state’s inspection and complaint records. The agencies tell the parents they must get in touch with one of the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccld.ca.gov/res/pdf/cclistingMaster.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regional licensing offices\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calling or visiting such a little-known office is too high a barrier for busy parents of young children, the state auditor concluded in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bsa.ca.gov/pdfs/reports/2005-129.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2006 report\u003c/a>. The offices are open only during typical work hours, and most parents who send their children to child care do so because they’re at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/132396178&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than seven years, the Department of Social Services has been pledging to get the records online. In 2006, the department assured the state auditor that it was working on it but warned that it needed money to do so. More than five years later, it told the auditor that it planned to use stimulus money to get the job done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the state auditor gave up on the department, saying it had no confidence the state would put the records online. The Department of Social Services ended up getting $1 million in education stimulus money, but it’s being spent on other things. Leary said that money didn’t cover the costs for the project. The department still doesn’t have a plan to get the records online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For CIR’s request, the department estimates that extracting the data from its database would require more than 500 hours of staff time at a cost of $41 an hour, totaling at least $20,500. The agency also says it can devote only four hours per week to this project, so it would take more than two years to complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say that estimate strains credulity. “If it takes someone working full time for 12½ weeks to export data, that is probably one of the worst government computer systems I’ve ever heard of,” Cuillier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Milpitas, Davis and her husband abruptly pulled their children out of the Newbrough’s day care in 2010 when they learned from a worker at the day care that their infant daughter was put down for naps in her car seat, which may \u003ca href=\"http://www.medpagetoday.com/Pediatrics/GeneralPediatrics/15652\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inhibit the child’s breathing\u003c/a>. Newbrough subsequently sued the parents for breach of contract in small claims court and won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector who found the infant in the closet and shut down the facility also discovered that there weren’t enough caregivers\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>providing supervision, a violation that Newbrough had received before. In years prior, inspectors cited the day care seven times for threatening the health, safety or rights of children, its most serious violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newbrough, who didn’t respond to requests for comment, is no longer operating a day care. But that doesn’t mean she’s entirely out of the child care business in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newbrough still is listed as the president and founder of \u003ca href=\"http://pandpsitters.com\">Prince and Princess Sitters\u003c/a> on the company’s website. It is a baby-sitting and nanny placement agency in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was edited by Andrew Donohue and copy edited by Nikki Frick and Christine Lee.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This story was produced by the independent, nonprofit Center for Investigative Reporting, the country’s largest investigative reporting team. For more, visit cironline.org. Mieszkowski can be reached at \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"mailto:kmieszkowski@cironline.org\">\u003cstrong>kmieszkowski@cironline.org\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "disparities-persist-for-childrens-well-being-study-says",
"title": "Disparities Persist for Children's Well-Being, Study Says",
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"headTitle": "Disparities Persist for Children’s Well-Being, Study Says | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>by Joanna Lin, \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/disparities-persist-childrens-well-being-study-says-18345\">California Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has made gains in the early stages of children’s academic trajectory but has failed to sustain them, a new assessment of kids’ well-being has shown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78075\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 334px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/10/preschool-kids-Getty-Images.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78075 \" title=\"preschool kids Getty Images\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/10/preschool-kids-Getty-Images.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"334\" height=\"188\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.scorecard.childrennow.org/2012/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">findings\u003c/a>, released yesterday by the research and advocacy group Children Now, showed statewide improvement in 11 indicators of well-being, including certain measures of academic performance and student engagement at school. But they also highlighted 12 areas in which the state has made little or no progress, such as the rate of high school seniors who graduate on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is on the right track,” said Jessica Mindnich, associate director of research at Children Now. “You are seeing some of the effects where the state has decided to prioritize.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the percentage of third-graders who read at grade level, for example, California improved 39 percent between the 2002-03 and 2010-11 school years. Its percentage of seventh-graders meeting or exceeding state standards in math jumped 67 percent during the same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, just 46 percent of third-graders met the reading target, and half of seventh-graders met or exceeded the math standards. On both measures, Latino and African American children performed worse than their white and Asian peers – disparities that persisted in many of the report’s indicators of well-being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rates were even lower in low-income rural counties, with the exception of Shasta, where 47 percent of third-graders read at grade level. In Mendocino County, for example, 27 percent of third-graders read at grade level. By comparison, 69 percent of third-grade children in Marin County read at grade level – the highest rate in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two measures – reading in third grade and math in seventh grade – are important markers that might indicate whether a child is likely to fall behind later, Mindnich said. Student-level data show that 76 percent of high school seniors graduated on time in 2010-11, a 1 percent increase from the year prior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the report’s 28 indicators showed that children living in low-income rural counties are faring the worst, in spite of making substantial gains in recent years. The trend underscores greater need, fewer resources and less access to services in rural communities, Mindnich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children’s well-being varied in Bay Area counties, all considered high-income urban areas in the report. In Marin County, for example, children’s well-being ranked in the top third of the state in 21 indicators. The county ranked first in the state in several measures, including preschool attendance (73 percent). Children in Solano County, on the other hand, ranked in the top third in five indicators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, academic performance is not the only factor in a child’s well-being, she said. The report also looked at children’s physical and emotional health – as measured by indicators such as healthy weight, health insurance coverage and risk for depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just what happens in the classroom,” Mindnich said. “We also need to think of what’s the environment we’re creating for children when they are at school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statewide \u003ca href=\"http://chks.wested.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> that gauges how engaged children feel with their schools, for example, 44 percent of students said they felt connected to their schools in the 2009-11 cycle. That’s up 47 percent from six years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the improvement was substantial, “it’s still very low,” Mindnich said. “These are things we have to start thinking about more broadly if we want to see big jumps in our graduation rates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mindnich said she expects to see some improvement in children’s well-being in the coming years. She noted \u003ca href=\"http://www.edsource.org/today/2012/three-up-one-down-for-student-discipline-reforms/20428#.UHPNqaMj5ng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">several bills\u003c/a> to reform student discipline that Gov. Jerry Brown signed into law recently that could lead to improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re starting to pay more attention to school climate, to those intangible things that influence a child’s academic achievement,” she said. “I think it will be slow progress.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "by Joanna Lin, California Watch California has made gains in the early stages of children's academic trajectory but has failed to sustain them, a new assessment of kids' well-being has shown. The findings, released yesterday by the research and advocacy group Children Now, showed statewide improvement in 11 indicators of well-being, including certain measures of academic performance and student engagement at school. But they also highlighted 12 areas in which the state has made little or no progress, such as the rate of high school seniors who graduate on time. "California is on the right track," said Jessica Mindnich, associate",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>by Joanna Lin, \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/disparities-persist-childrens-well-being-study-says-18345\">California Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has made gains in the early stages of children’s academic trajectory but has failed to sustain them, a new assessment of kids’ well-being has shown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78075\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 334px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/10/preschool-kids-Getty-Images.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78075 \" title=\"preschool kids Getty Images\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/10/preschool-kids-Getty-Images.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"334\" height=\"188\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.scorecard.childrennow.org/2012/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">findings\u003c/a>, released yesterday by the research and advocacy group Children Now, showed statewide improvement in 11 indicators of well-being, including certain measures of academic performance and student engagement at school. But they also highlighted 12 areas in which the state has made little or no progress, such as the rate of high school seniors who graduate on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is on the right track,” said Jessica Mindnich, associate director of research at Children Now. “You are seeing some of the effects where the state has decided to prioritize.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the percentage of third-graders who read at grade level, for example, California improved 39 percent between the 2002-03 and 2010-11 school years. Its percentage of seventh-graders meeting or exceeding state standards in math jumped 67 percent during the same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, just 46 percent of third-graders met the reading target, and half of seventh-graders met or exceeded the math standards. On both measures, Latino and African American children performed worse than their white and Asian peers – disparities that persisted in many of the report’s indicators of well-being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rates were even lower in low-income rural counties, with the exception of Shasta, where 47 percent of third-graders read at grade level. In Mendocino County, for example, 27 percent of third-graders read at grade level. By comparison, 69 percent of third-grade children in Marin County read at grade level – the highest rate in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two measures – reading in third grade and math in seventh grade – are important markers that might indicate whether a child is likely to fall behind later, Mindnich said. Student-level data show that 76 percent of high school seniors graduated on time in 2010-11, a 1 percent increase from the year prior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the report’s 28 indicators showed that children living in low-income rural counties are faring the worst, in spite of making substantial gains in recent years. The trend underscores greater need, fewer resources and less access to services in rural communities, Mindnich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children’s well-being varied in Bay Area counties, all considered high-income urban areas in the report. In Marin County, for example, children’s well-being ranked in the top third of the state in 21 indicators. The county ranked first in the state in several measures, including preschool attendance (73 percent). Children in Solano County, on the other hand, ranked in the top third in five indicators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, academic performance is not the only factor in a child’s well-being, she said. The report also looked at children’s physical and emotional health – as measured by indicators such as healthy weight, health insurance coverage and risk for depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just what happens in the classroom,” Mindnich said. “We also need to think of what’s the environment we’re creating for children when they are at school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statewide \u003ca href=\"http://chks.wested.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> that gauges how engaged children feel with their schools, for example, 44 percent of students said they felt connected to their schools in the 2009-11 cycle. That’s up 47 percent from six years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the improvement was substantial, “it’s still very low,” Mindnich said. “These are things we have to start thinking about more broadly if we want to see big jumps in our graduation rates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mindnich said she expects to see some improvement in children’s well-being in the coming years. She noted \u003ca href=\"http://www.edsource.org/today/2012/three-up-one-down-for-student-discipline-reforms/20428#.UHPNqaMj5ng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">several bills\u003c/a> to reform student discipline that Gov. Jerry Brown signed into law recently that could lead to improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re starting to pay more attention to school climate, to those intangible things that influence a child’s academic achievement,” she said. “I think it will be slow progress.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45420\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/11/SunnySide-lower-quality.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-45420\" title=\"Water polo tournament at Fresno's Sunnyside High goes on, despite air quality so poor that school districts are supposed to cancel outdoor activities. (Photo: Sasha Khokha)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/11/SunnySide-lower-quality-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Water polo tournament at Fresno's Sunnyside High goes on, despite air quality so poor that school districts are supposed to cancel outdoor activities. (Photo: Sasha Khokha)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water polo tournament at Fresno's Sunnyside High goes on, despite air quality so poor that school districts are supposed to cancel outdoor activities. (Photo: Sasha Khokha)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, KQED’s Sasha Khokha outlines \u003ca title=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201111010850/b\" href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201111010850/b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how the lack of effective air monitoring policy\u003c/a> in the San Joaquin Valley could be harming the people who live there. As she reports, a \u003ca title=\"http://www.csufresno.edu/ccchhs/institutes_programs/CVHPI/publications/AQR_web.pdf\" href=\"http://www.csufresno.edu/ccchhs/institutes_programs/CVHPI/publications/AQR_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent study from UCSF\u003c/a> [PDF] finds a direct link between air pollution and asthma-related ER visits. The study found what researchers call a “linear association” between certain components of air pollution and asthma ER visits. In other words, as air pollution goes up, the likelihood of an asthmatic child heading to the ER goes up, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley has some of the dirtiest air in the country and high rates of childhood asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The culprits are two components of air pollution: \u003ca title=\"http://www.epa.gov/glo/\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/glo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ground-level ozone\u003c/a> and \u003ca title=\"http://www.epa.gov/pm/\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/pm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">particulate matter\u003c/a>. Ground-level ozone can have corrosive effects on the lungs, decreasing lung function. Particulate matter are tiny particles, like soot. The simple act of breathing carries these particles deep into the lungs where they stick and can cause breathing and heart problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adults are at risk as well. But for them, the risk is heart attack. More particulate matter in the air means more people are going to have heart attacks on that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality activists say that local regulators are not doing a good job alerting the public when the air quality is dangerous. Pollution alerts come from newspapers, local TV and even school districts, which post flags depending on ranging from green, for healthy air to purple, very unhealthy. But, Khokha reports, “All these sources are predictions of averages for air quality on a given day. They don’t take into account the way conditions change throughout the day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And conditions can vary drastically. This chart shows the air quality variation on a single day. The bottom axis is time of day, starting with “0” or midnight. From midnight-noon, air quality is in the healthy “green” zone. If an air quality prediction is made at this time, for the entire day, it will soon be wrong. By noon, air quality was deteriorating. By 2pm, a time when many children are getting out of school, the air quality had declined to “unhealthy for all.” By 4pm, a time when many children are participating in after school sports and more likely to be outdoors, the air quality was bumping into the “very unhealthy” zone.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #000000;font-size: 12px;font-weight: bold;line-height: 18px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45328\" title=\"Chart detailing variation in air pollution levels for September 29, 2011. (Credit: San Joaquin Valley Air District)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/10/RAAN-SEPT-29-chart-copy.png\" alt=\"Chart detailing variation in air pollution levels for September 29, 2011. (Credit: San Joaquin Valley Air District)\" width=\"600\" height=\"500\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp mceIEcenter\">\n\u003cdl>\n\u003cdd>Chart detailing variation in air pollution levels for September 29, 2011. (Credit: San Joaquin Valley Air District)\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>So what to do? The easiest recommendation is for asthmatic children to stay indoors. But staying indoors means children are more sedentary. A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of obesity, an even bigger public health menace than asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Tim Tyner, co-author of the study, has solid recommendations for asthmatic children and outdoor play. First, children with asthma are usually prescribed two kinds of medication: controller and rescue. Controller medications should be taken daily, to manage their asthma and prevent symptoms from occurring. Rescue medications are used when symptoms occur, to “rescue” someone from an asthma episode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, parents need to make sure children use their controller medication properly. But in addition, Tyner says, “Children with asthma should always pre-medicate with their rescue inhaler medication prior to participating in any vigorous physical activity.” And it’s not just on bad air quality days. “It really applies to all situations involving strenuous activity, including good air days or indoor activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, on the worst air quality days, all children should stay indoors or, if they must be outdoors, limit the duration and intensity of their outdoor activities, Tyner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/eo/in/tchk.asp\" href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/eo/in/tchk.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Team California for Healthy Kids\u003c/a>, part of the California Department of Education, encourages schools to adopt programs that increase physical activity throughout the school day. The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District also has \u003ca title=\"http://www.valleyair.org/programs/ActiveIndoorRecess/intro.htm\" href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/programs/ActiveIndoorRecess/intro.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resources on their website\u003c/a> to help teachers implement classroom physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, now we’re back to Khokha’s report. If no one is alerting the public that air quality is dangerously bad, how does anyone–parents, teachers, coaches–know that recess or soccer practice or just walking home from school could net a child a trip to the emergency room?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45420\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/11/SunnySide-lower-quality.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-45420\" title=\"Water polo tournament at Fresno's Sunnyside High goes on, despite air quality so poor that school districts are supposed to cancel outdoor activities. (Photo: Sasha Khokha)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/11/SunnySide-lower-quality-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Water polo tournament at Fresno's Sunnyside High goes on, despite air quality so poor that school districts are supposed to cancel outdoor activities. (Photo: Sasha Khokha)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water polo tournament at Fresno's Sunnyside High goes on, despite air quality so poor that school districts are supposed to cancel outdoor activities. (Photo: Sasha Khokha)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, KQED’s Sasha Khokha outlines \u003ca title=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201111010850/b\" href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201111010850/b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how the lack of effective air monitoring policy\u003c/a> in the San Joaquin Valley could be harming the people who live there. As she reports, a \u003ca title=\"http://www.csufresno.edu/ccchhs/institutes_programs/CVHPI/publications/AQR_web.pdf\" href=\"http://www.csufresno.edu/ccchhs/institutes_programs/CVHPI/publications/AQR_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent study from UCSF\u003c/a> [PDF] finds a direct link between air pollution and asthma-related ER visits. The study found what researchers call a “linear association” between certain components of air pollution and asthma ER visits. In other words, as air pollution goes up, the likelihood of an asthmatic child heading to the ER goes up, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley has some of the dirtiest air in the country and high rates of childhood asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The culprits are two components of air pollution: \u003ca title=\"http://www.epa.gov/glo/\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/glo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ground-level ozone\u003c/a> and \u003ca title=\"http://www.epa.gov/pm/\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/pm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">particulate matter\u003c/a>. Ground-level ozone can have corrosive effects on the lungs, decreasing lung function. Particulate matter are tiny particles, like soot. The simple act of breathing carries these particles deep into the lungs where they stick and can cause breathing and heart problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adults are at risk as well. But for them, the risk is heart attack. More particulate matter in the air means more people are going to have heart attacks on that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality activists say that local regulators are not doing a good job alerting the public when the air quality is dangerous. Pollution alerts come from newspapers, local TV and even school districts, which post flags depending on ranging from green, for healthy air to purple, very unhealthy. But, Khokha reports, “All these sources are predictions of averages for air quality on a given day. They don’t take into account the way conditions change throughout the day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And conditions can vary drastically. This chart shows the air quality variation on a single day. The bottom axis is time of day, starting with “0” or midnight. From midnight-noon, air quality is in the healthy “green” zone. If an air quality prediction is made at this time, for the entire day, it will soon be wrong. By noon, air quality was deteriorating. By 2pm, a time when many children are getting out of school, the air quality had declined to “unhealthy for all.” By 4pm, a time when many children are participating in after school sports and more likely to be outdoors, the air quality was bumping into the “very unhealthy” zone.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #000000;font-size: 12px;font-weight: bold;line-height: 18px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45328\" title=\"Chart detailing variation in air pollution levels for September 29, 2011. (Credit: San Joaquin Valley Air District)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/10/RAAN-SEPT-29-chart-copy.png\" alt=\"Chart detailing variation in air pollution levels for September 29, 2011. (Credit: San Joaquin Valley Air District)\" width=\"600\" height=\"500\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp mceIEcenter\">\n\u003cdl>\n\u003cdd>Chart detailing variation in air pollution levels for September 29, 2011. (Credit: San Joaquin Valley Air District)\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>So what to do? The easiest recommendation is for asthmatic children to stay indoors. But staying indoors means children are more sedentary. A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of obesity, an even bigger public health menace than asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Tim Tyner, co-author of the study, has solid recommendations for asthmatic children and outdoor play. First, children with asthma are usually prescribed two kinds of medication: controller and rescue. Controller medications should be taken daily, to manage their asthma and prevent symptoms from occurring. Rescue medications are used when symptoms occur, to “rescue” someone from an asthma episode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, parents need to make sure children use their controller medication properly. But in addition, Tyner says, “Children with asthma should always pre-medicate with their rescue inhaler medication prior to participating in any vigorous physical activity.” And it’s not just on bad air quality days. “It really applies to all situations involving strenuous activity, including good air days or indoor activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, on the worst air quality days, all children should stay indoors or, if they must be outdoors, limit the duration and intensity of their outdoor activities, Tyner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/eo/in/tchk.asp\" href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/eo/in/tchk.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Team California for Healthy Kids\u003c/a>, part of the California Department of Education, encourages schools to adopt programs that increase physical activity throughout the school day. The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District also has \u003ca title=\"http://www.valleyair.org/programs/ActiveIndoorRecess/intro.htm\" href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/programs/ActiveIndoorRecess/intro.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resources on their website\u003c/a> to help teachers implement classroom physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, now we’re back to Khokha’s report. If no one is alerting the public that air quality is dangerously bad, how does anyone–parents, teachers, coaches–know that recess or soccer practice or just walking home from school could net a child a trip to the emergency room?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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