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"content": "\u003cp>While the federal government appears content to sit back and wait, more than 40 U.S. states are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncsl.org/technology-and-communication/artificial-intelligence-2024-legislation\">considering hundreds of AI regulation bills\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, with its status as a tech-forward state and huge economy, has a chance to lead the way. So much so, in fact, that the European Union is trying to coordinate with the state on AI laws. The EU opened an office in San Francisco in 2022 and dispatched a tech envoy, Gerard de Graaf, to better communicate about laws and regulations around AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are living through what de Graaf calls “the year of AI.” De Graaf and deputy head of the EU office in San Francisco Joanna Smolinska told CalMatters that if California lawmakers pass AI regulation in the coming months, the state can emerge as a standard bearer for the regulation of AI in the United States. In other words: California’s laws could influence the future of AI as we know it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, de Graaf \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/euinsf/status/1782583754227089819?s=46&t=Wgm0bsQsE3C1xGwJEnt30w\">traveled to Sacramento\u003c/a> to speak with several state lawmakers key to AI regulation:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Assemblymember Rebecca Bauer-Kahan, a San Ramon Democrat, is author of a bill that \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab2930?slug=CA_202320240AB2930\">requires businesses and state agencies report results of AI model tests\u003c/a> in an effort to prohibit automated discrimination.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Democratic state Sen. Scott Wiener from San Francisco is author of a \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1047?slug=CA_202320240SB1047\">bill to regulate generative AI\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Assemblymember Buffy Wicks, an East Bay Democrat, is author of a bill that would require online platforms put \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab3211?slug=CA_202320240AB3211\">watermarks on images and videos generated by AI\u003c/a> — sometimes referred to as “deepfakes” — ahead of elections this fall.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And state Sen. Tom Umberg, chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee, who was referred to \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/california-playbook/2024/04/15/meet-californias-chief-gatekeeper-for-ai-rules-00152184\">by Politico\u003c/a> as “California’s chief gatekeeper for AI rules.”\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The meeting to discuss the bills was at least the sixth trip de Graaf or other EU officials made to Sacramento in two months. EU officials who helped write the AI Act and EU Commission Vice President Josep Fontelles also made trips to Sacramento and Silicon Valley in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, EU leaders ended a years-long process with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/05/21/artificial-intelligence-ai-act-council-gives-final-green-light-to-the-first-worldwide-rules-on-ai/\">passage of the AI Act\u003c/a>, which regulates use of artificial intelligence in 27 nations. It bans emotion recognition at school and in the workplace, prohibits \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/11/22/1063605/china-announced-a-new-social-credit-law-what-does-it-mean/\">social credit scores\u003c/a> such as the kind used in China to reward or punish certain kinds of behavior and some instances of predictive policing. The AI Act applies high risk labels for AI in health care, hiring, and issuing government benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some notable differences between the EU law and what California lawmakers are considering. The AI Act addresses how law enforcement agencies can use AI, while Bauer-Kahan’s bill does not, and Wicks’ watermarking bill could end up stronger than AI Act requirements. But the California bills and the AI Act both take a risk-based approach to regulation, both advise continued testing and assessment of forms of AI deemed high risk, and both call for watermarking generative AI outputs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take these three bills together, you’re probably at 70%–80% of what we cover in the AI Act,” de Graaf said. “It’s a very solid relationship that we both benefit from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meeting, de Graaf said they discussed draft AI bills, AI bias and risk assessments, advanced AI models, the state of watermarking images and videos made by AI, and which issues to prioritize. The San Francisco office works under the authority of the EU delegation in Washington, D.C., to promote EU tech policy and strengthen cooperation with influential tech and policy figures in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artificial intelligence can make predictions about people including what movies they want to watch on Netflix or the next words in a sentence, but without high standards and continuous testing, AI that makes critical decisions about people’s lives can automate discrimination. AI has a history of harming people of color, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/face-recognition-software-led-to-his-arrest-it-was-dead-wrong/\">police use of face recognition\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://themarkup.org/locked-out/2021/01/11/the-obscure-yet-powerful-tenant-screening-industry-is-finally-getting-some-scrutiny\">deciding whether to grant an apartment\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://themarkup.org/denied/2021/08/25/the-secret-bias-hidden-in-mortgage-approval-algorithms\">home mortgage application\u003c/a>. The technology has a demonstrated ability to adversely affect the lives of most people, including women, people with disabilities, the young, the old, and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/03/california-ai-purchasing-guidelines/\">people who apply for government benefits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983391/meet-the-o-c-state-senator-guiding-californias-ai-regulations\">interview with KQED\u003c/a>, Umberg talked about the importance of striking a balance, insisting “We could get this wrong.” Too little regulation could lead to catastrophic consequences for society, and too much could “strangle the AI industry” that calls California home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coordination between California and EU officials attempts to combine regulatory initiatives in two uniquely influential markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987807\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987807\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Gerard-de-Graaf_AH_CM_01-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Gerard-de-Graaf_AH_CM_01-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Gerard-de-Graaf_AH_CM_01-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Gerard-de-Graaf_AH_CM_01-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Gerard-de-Graaf_AH_CM_01-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Gerard-de-Graaf_AH_CM_01-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gerard de Graaf, senior envoy for digital to the US and head of the European Union office in San Francisco. Photo via Graaf’s X account. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The majority of the top AI companies are \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com.au/news/innovation/ai-50-the-top-artificial-intelligence-startups/\">based in California\u003c/a>, and according to startup tracker Crunchbase, for the past eight months, companies in \u003ca href=\"https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/sf-bay-area-leads-tech-startup-funding\">the San Francisco Bay Area raised more AI investment money than the rest of the world combined\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The General Data Protection Regulation, better known as GDPR, is the European Union’s best known legislation for privacy protection. It also led to coinage of the term “the Brussels effect,” when enforcement of a single law leads to outsized influence in other countries. In this case, the EU law forced tech companies to adopt stricter user protections if they wanted access to the region’s 450 million residents. That law went into effect in 2018, the same year that California passed a similar law. \u003ca href=\"https://techpolicy.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CTP_state-tech-policy-2023.pdf\">More than a dozen U.S. states followed suit (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-defining-ai\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Defining AI\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Coordination is necessary, de Graaf said, because technology is a global industry and it’s important to avoid policy that makes it complicated for businesses to comply with rules around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first steps to working together is a shared definition of how to define artificial intelligence so you agree on what technology is covered under a law. De Graaf said his office worked with Bauer-Kahan and Umberg on how to define AI “because if you have very different definitions to start with then convergence or harmonization is almost impossible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the recent passage of the AI Act, the absence of federal action, and the complexity of regulating AI, the Senate Judiciary staff lawyers held numerous meetings with EU officials and staff, Umberg told CalMatters in a statement. The definition of AI used by the California Senate Judiciary committee is informed by a number of voices including federal agencies, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the EU.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I strongly believe that we can learn from each other’s work and responsibly regulate AI without harming innovation in this dynamic and quickly-changing environment” Umberg told CalMatters in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trio of bills discussed with de Graaf in April passed their respective houses this week. He suspects questions from California lawmakers will get more specific as bills move closer to adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billSearchClient.xhtml?session_year=20232024&keyword=artificial%20intelligence&house=Both&author=All&lawCode=All\"> proposed more than 100 bills\u003c/a> to regulate AI in the current legislative session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what is now the imperative for the Legislature is to whittle the bills down to a more manageable number,” he said. “I mean, there’s over 50 so that we focused particularly on the bills to these Assembly members or senators themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-state-agency-also-seeks-to-protect-californians-privacy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">State agency also seeks to protect Californians’ privacy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Elected officials and their staff aren’t the only ones speaking with EU officials. The California Privacy Protection Agency — a state agency made to protect people’s privacy and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/04/data-broker-registry/\">require businesses comply with data deletion requests\u003c/a> — also speaks regularly with EU officials, including de Graaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11979306,news_11976097,news_11986133\"]Most states with privacy protection laws rely on state attorneys general for enforcement. California is the only state with an independent agency with enforcement authority to audit businesses, levy fines, or bring businesses to court, said agency executive director Ashkan Soltanti, because key elements of the EU’s privacy protection law influenced the formation of California’s privacy law. De Graaf and Soltani testified about similarities between definitions of AI in California and the EU in \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/hearings/257521?t=3&f=0036d9e555a8bb5dbad0926ac136f3b7\">an assembly privacy committee hearing in February\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The roots of the agency were inspired at great length by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR),” Soltani said. “There’s an interest and a goal, and in fact \u003ca href=\"https://thecpra.org/#1798.199.40(i)\">our statute directs us\u003c/a> to, where possible, make sure that our approach is harmonious with frameworks in other jurisdictions, not just states but internationally as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soltani was hired when the agency was created in 2021. He told CalMatters international coordination is a big part of the job. After hiring staff and attorneys, one of his first orders of business was joining the Global Privacy Assembly, a group of 140 data privacy authorities from around the world. California is the only U.S. state that is a member of the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alignment is important for setting the rules of the road for businesses but also for consumers to protect themselves and their communities in a digital world where borders blur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t think whether they’re doing business with a California company or a European company or an Asian company, particularly if it’s all in English, they just think they’re interacting online, so having consistent frameworks for protection ultimately benefits consumers,” Soltani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like California lawmakers, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/03/california-ai-rules-business/\">the California Privacy Protection Agency is in the process of writing rules for how businesses use AI\u003c/a> and protections for consumers, students and workers. And like the AI Act, draft rules call for impact assessments. Its five-member board will consider passing rules into law in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last day of the legislative calendar year for California lawmakers to pass a bill into law is Aug. 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While the federal government appears content to sit back and wait, more than 40 U.S. states are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncsl.org/technology-and-communication/artificial-intelligence-2024-legislation\">considering hundreds of AI regulation bills\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, with its status as a tech-forward state and huge economy, has a chance to lead the way. So much so, in fact, that the European Union is trying to coordinate with the state on AI laws. The EU opened an office in San Francisco in 2022 and dispatched a tech envoy, Gerard de Graaf, to better communicate about laws and regulations around AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are living through what de Graaf calls “the year of AI.” De Graaf and deputy head of the EU office in San Francisco Joanna Smolinska told CalMatters that if California lawmakers pass AI regulation in the coming months, the state can emerge as a standard bearer for the regulation of AI in the United States. In other words: California’s laws could influence the future of AI as we know it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, de Graaf \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/euinsf/status/1782583754227089819?s=46&t=Wgm0bsQsE3C1xGwJEnt30w\">traveled to Sacramento\u003c/a> to speak with several state lawmakers key to AI regulation:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Assemblymember Rebecca Bauer-Kahan, a San Ramon Democrat, is author of a bill that \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab2930?slug=CA_202320240AB2930\">requires businesses and state agencies report results of AI model tests\u003c/a> in an effort to prohibit automated discrimination.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Democratic state Sen. Scott Wiener from San Francisco is author of a \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1047?slug=CA_202320240SB1047\">bill to regulate generative AI\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Assemblymember Buffy Wicks, an East Bay Democrat, is author of a bill that would require online platforms put \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab3211?slug=CA_202320240AB3211\">watermarks on images and videos generated by AI\u003c/a> — sometimes referred to as “deepfakes” — ahead of elections this fall.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And state Sen. Tom Umberg, chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee, who was referred to \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/california-playbook/2024/04/15/meet-californias-chief-gatekeeper-for-ai-rules-00152184\">by Politico\u003c/a> as “California’s chief gatekeeper for AI rules.”\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The meeting to discuss the bills was at least the sixth trip de Graaf or other EU officials made to Sacramento in two months. EU officials who helped write the AI Act and EU Commission Vice President Josep Fontelles also made trips to Sacramento and Silicon Valley in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, EU leaders ended a years-long process with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/05/21/artificial-intelligence-ai-act-council-gives-final-green-light-to-the-first-worldwide-rules-on-ai/\">passage of the AI Act\u003c/a>, which regulates use of artificial intelligence in 27 nations. It bans emotion recognition at school and in the workplace, prohibits \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/11/22/1063605/china-announced-a-new-social-credit-law-what-does-it-mean/\">social credit scores\u003c/a> such as the kind used in China to reward or punish certain kinds of behavior and some instances of predictive policing. The AI Act applies high risk labels for AI in health care, hiring, and issuing government benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some notable differences between the EU law and what California lawmakers are considering. The AI Act addresses how law enforcement agencies can use AI, while Bauer-Kahan’s bill does not, and Wicks’ watermarking bill could end up stronger than AI Act requirements. But the California bills and the AI Act both take a risk-based approach to regulation, both advise continued testing and assessment of forms of AI deemed high risk, and both call for watermarking generative AI outputs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take these three bills together, you’re probably at 70%–80% of what we cover in the AI Act,” de Graaf said. “It’s a very solid relationship that we both benefit from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meeting, de Graaf said they discussed draft AI bills, AI bias and risk assessments, advanced AI models, the state of watermarking images and videos made by AI, and which issues to prioritize. The San Francisco office works under the authority of the EU delegation in Washington, D.C., to promote EU tech policy and strengthen cooperation with influential tech and policy figures in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artificial intelligence can make predictions about people including what movies they want to watch on Netflix or the next words in a sentence, but without high standards and continuous testing, AI that makes critical decisions about people’s lives can automate discrimination. AI has a history of harming people of color, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/face-recognition-software-led-to-his-arrest-it-was-dead-wrong/\">police use of face recognition\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://themarkup.org/locked-out/2021/01/11/the-obscure-yet-powerful-tenant-screening-industry-is-finally-getting-some-scrutiny\">deciding whether to grant an apartment\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://themarkup.org/denied/2021/08/25/the-secret-bias-hidden-in-mortgage-approval-algorithms\">home mortgage application\u003c/a>. The technology has a demonstrated ability to adversely affect the lives of most people, including women, people with disabilities, the young, the old, and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/03/california-ai-purchasing-guidelines/\">people who apply for government benefits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983391/meet-the-o-c-state-senator-guiding-californias-ai-regulations\">interview with KQED\u003c/a>, Umberg talked about the importance of striking a balance, insisting “We could get this wrong.” Too little regulation could lead to catastrophic consequences for society, and too much could “strangle the AI industry” that calls California home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coordination between California and EU officials attempts to combine regulatory initiatives in two uniquely influential markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987807\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987807\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Gerard-de-Graaf_AH_CM_01-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Gerard-de-Graaf_AH_CM_01-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Gerard-de-Graaf_AH_CM_01-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Gerard-de-Graaf_AH_CM_01-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Gerard-de-Graaf_AH_CM_01-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Gerard-de-Graaf_AH_CM_01-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gerard de Graaf, senior envoy for digital to the US and head of the European Union office in San Francisco. Photo via Graaf’s X account. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The majority of the top AI companies are \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com.au/news/innovation/ai-50-the-top-artificial-intelligence-startups/\">based in California\u003c/a>, and according to startup tracker Crunchbase, for the past eight months, companies in \u003ca href=\"https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/sf-bay-area-leads-tech-startup-funding\">the San Francisco Bay Area raised more AI investment money than the rest of the world combined\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The General Data Protection Regulation, better known as GDPR, is the European Union’s best known legislation for privacy protection. It also led to coinage of the term “the Brussels effect,” when enforcement of a single law leads to outsized influence in other countries. In this case, the EU law forced tech companies to adopt stricter user protections if they wanted access to the region’s 450 million residents. That law went into effect in 2018, the same year that California passed a similar law. \u003ca href=\"https://techpolicy.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CTP_state-tech-policy-2023.pdf\">More than a dozen U.S. states followed suit (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-defining-ai\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Defining AI\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Coordination is necessary, de Graaf said, because technology is a global industry and it’s important to avoid policy that makes it complicated for businesses to comply with rules around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first steps to working together is a shared definition of how to define artificial intelligence so you agree on what technology is covered under a law. De Graaf said his office worked with Bauer-Kahan and Umberg on how to define AI “because if you have very different definitions to start with then convergence or harmonization is almost impossible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the recent passage of the AI Act, the absence of federal action, and the complexity of regulating AI, the Senate Judiciary staff lawyers held numerous meetings with EU officials and staff, Umberg told CalMatters in a statement. The definition of AI used by the California Senate Judiciary committee is informed by a number of voices including federal agencies, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the EU.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I strongly believe that we can learn from each other’s work and responsibly regulate AI without harming innovation in this dynamic and quickly-changing environment” Umberg told CalMatters in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trio of bills discussed with de Graaf in April passed their respective houses this week. He suspects questions from California lawmakers will get more specific as bills move closer to adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billSearchClient.xhtml?session_year=20232024&keyword=artificial%20intelligence&house=Both&author=All&lawCode=All\"> proposed more than 100 bills\u003c/a> to regulate AI in the current legislative session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what is now the imperative for the Legislature is to whittle the bills down to a more manageable number,” he said. “I mean, there’s over 50 so that we focused particularly on the bills to these Assembly members or senators themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-state-agency-also-seeks-to-protect-californians-privacy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">State agency also seeks to protect Californians’ privacy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Elected officials and their staff aren’t the only ones speaking with EU officials. The California Privacy Protection Agency — a state agency made to protect people’s privacy and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/04/data-broker-registry/\">require businesses comply with data deletion requests\u003c/a> — also speaks regularly with EU officials, including de Graaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Most states with privacy protection laws rely on state attorneys general for enforcement. California is the only state with an independent agency with enforcement authority to audit businesses, levy fines, or bring businesses to court, said agency executive director Ashkan Soltanti, because key elements of the EU’s privacy protection law influenced the formation of California’s privacy law. De Graaf and Soltani testified about similarities between definitions of AI in California and the EU in \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/hearings/257521?t=3&f=0036d9e555a8bb5dbad0926ac136f3b7\">an assembly privacy committee hearing in February\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The roots of the agency were inspired at great length by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR),” Soltani said. “There’s an interest and a goal, and in fact \u003ca href=\"https://thecpra.org/#1798.199.40(i)\">our statute directs us\u003c/a> to, where possible, make sure that our approach is harmonious with frameworks in other jurisdictions, not just states but internationally as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soltani was hired when the agency was created in 2021. He told CalMatters international coordination is a big part of the job. After hiring staff and attorneys, one of his first orders of business was joining the Global Privacy Assembly, a group of 140 data privacy authorities from around the world. California is the only U.S. state that is a member of the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alignment is important for setting the rules of the road for businesses but also for consumers to protect themselves and their communities in a digital world where borders blur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t think whether they’re doing business with a California company or a European company or an Asian company, particularly if it’s all in English, they just think they’re interacting online, so having consistent frameworks for protection ultimately benefits consumers,” Soltani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like California lawmakers, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/03/california-ai-rules-business/\">the California Privacy Protection Agency is in the process of writing rules for how businesses use AI\u003c/a> and protections for consumers, students and workers. And like the AI Act, draft rules call for impact assessments. Its five-member board will consider passing rules into law in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last day of the legislative calendar year for California lawmakers to pass a bill into law is Aug. 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Google Unleashes Retooled Search Engine Featuring AI-Generated Responses",
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"content": "\u003cp>Google rolled out a retooled search engine on Tuesday that will frequently favor responses crafted by artificial intelligence over website links, a shift promising to quicken the quest for information while also potentially disrupting the flow of money-making internet traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The makeover announced at Google’s annual developers conference will begin this week in the U.S. when hundreds of millions of people will start to periodically see conversational summaries generated by the company’s AI technology at the top of the search engine’s results page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11981551,news_11983333,news_11979306\" label=\"Related Stories\"]The AI overviews are supposed to only crop up when Google’s technology determines they will be the quickest and most effective way to satisfy a user’s curiosity — a solution mostly likely to happen with complex subjects or when people are brainstorming, or planning. People will likely still see Google’s traditional website links and ads for simple searches for things like store recommendations or weather forecasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google began testing AI overviews with \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/google-artificial-intelligence-search-engine-chatgpt-microsoft-fd0538018df958388991772ced6e693d\">a small subset of selected users a year ago\u003c/a>, but the company is now making it one of the staples in its search results in the U.S. before introducing the feature in other parts of the world. By the end of the year, Google expects the recurring AI overviews to be part of its search results for about 1 billion people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides infusing more AI into its dominant search engine, Google also used the packed conference held at a Mountain View amphitheater near its headquarters to showcase advances in a technology that is reshaping business and society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next AI steps included more sophisticated analysis powered by Gemini — \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/google-gemini-artificial-intelligence-launch-95d05d02051e75e20b574614ae720b8b\">a technology unveiled\u003c/a> five months ago — and smarter assistants, or “agents,” including a still-nascent version dubbed “Astra” that will be able to understand, explain and remember things it is shown through a smartphone’s camera lens. Google underscored its commitment to AI by bringing in Demis Hassabis, the executive who oversees the technology, to appear on stage at its marquee conference for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The injection of more AI into Google’s search engine marks one of the most dramatic changes the company has made in its foundation since its inception in the late 1990s. It’s a move that opens the door for more growth and innovation but also threatens to trigger a sea change in web surfing habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bold and responsible approach is fundamental to delivering on our mission and making AI more helpful for everyone,” Google CEO Sundar Pichai told a group of reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also will bring new risks to an internet ecosystem that depends heavily on digital advertising as its financial lifeblood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google stands to suffer if the AI overviews undercut ads tied to its search engine — a business that reeled in $175 billion in revenue last year alone. And website publishers — ranging from major media outlets to entrepreneurs and startups that focus on more narrow subjects — will be hurt if the AI overviews are so informative that they result in fewer clicks on the website links that will still appear lower on the results page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on habits that emerged during the past year’s testing phase of Google’s AI overviews, about 25% of the traffic could be negatively affected by the de-emphasis on website links, said Marc McCollum, chief innovation officer at Raptive, which helps about 5,000 website publishers make money from their content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decline in traffic of that magnitude could translate into billions of dollars in lost ad revenue, a devastating blow that would be delivered by a form of AI technology that culls information plucked from many of the websites that stand to lose revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The relationship between Google and publishers has been pretty symbiotic, but enter AI, and what has essentially happened is the Big Tech companies have taken this creative content and used it to train their AI models,” McCollum said. “We are now seeing that being used for their own commercial purposes in what is effectively a transfer of wealth from small, independent businesses to Big Tech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Google found that the AI overviews resulted in people conducting even more searches during the technology’s testing “because they suddenly can ask questions that were too hard before,” Liz Reid, who oversees the company’s search operations, told \u003cem>The Associated Press\u003c/em> during an interview. She declined to provide any specific numbers about link-clicking volume during the tests of AI overviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In reality, people do want to click to the web, even when they have an AI overview,” Reid said. “They start with the AI overview, and then they want to dig in deeper. We will continue to innovate on the AI overview and also on how do we send the most useful traffic to the web.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increasing use of AI technology to summarize information in chatbots such as Google’s Gemini and OpenAI’s ChatGPT during the past 18 months has already raised legal questions about whether the companies behind the services are illegally pulling from copyrighted material to advance their services. It’s an allegation at the heart of a high-profile lawsuit that \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/nyt-new-york-times-openai-microsoft-6ea53a8ad3efa06ee4643b697df0ba57\">\u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> filed late last year\u003c/a> against OpenAI and its biggest backer, Microsoft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google’s AI overviews could also provoke lawsuits, especially if they siphon away traffic and ad sales from websites that believe the company is unfairly profiting from their content. But it’s a risk that the company had to take as the technology advances and is used in rival services such as ChatGPT and upstart search engines such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.perplexity.ai/\">Perplexity,\u003c/a> said Jim Yu, executive chairman of BrightEdge, which helps websites rank higher in Google’s search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is definitely the next chapter in search,” Yu said. “It’s almost like they are tuning three major variables at once: the search quality, the flow of traffic in the ecosystem and then the monetization of that traffic. There hasn’t been a moment in search that is bigger than this for a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Google rolled out a retooled search engine on Tuesday that will frequently favor responses crafted by artificial intelligence over website links, a shift promising to quicken the quest for information while also potentially disrupting the flow of money-making internet traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The makeover announced at Google’s annual developers conference will begin this week in the U.S. when hundreds of millions of people will start to periodically see conversational summaries generated by the company’s AI technology at the top of the search engine’s results page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The AI overviews are supposed to only crop up when Google’s technology determines they will be the quickest and most effective way to satisfy a user’s curiosity — a solution mostly likely to happen with complex subjects or when people are brainstorming, or planning. People will likely still see Google’s traditional website links and ads for simple searches for things like store recommendations or weather forecasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google began testing AI overviews with \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/google-artificial-intelligence-search-engine-chatgpt-microsoft-fd0538018df958388991772ced6e693d\">a small subset of selected users a year ago\u003c/a>, but the company is now making it one of the staples in its search results in the U.S. before introducing the feature in other parts of the world. By the end of the year, Google expects the recurring AI overviews to be part of its search results for about 1 billion people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides infusing more AI into its dominant search engine, Google also used the packed conference held at a Mountain View amphitheater near its headquarters to showcase advances in a technology that is reshaping business and society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next AI steps included more sophisticated analysis powered by Gemini — \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/google-gemini-artificial-intelligence-launch-95d05d02051e75e20b574614ae720b8b\">a technology unveiled\u003c/a> five months ago — and smarter assistants, or “agents,” including a still-nascent version dubbed “Astra” that will be able to understand, explain and remember things it is shown through a smartphone’s camera lens. Google underscored its commitment to AI by bringing in Demis Hassabis, the executive who oversees the technology, to appear on stage at its marquee conference for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The injection of more AI into Google’s search engine marks one of the most dramatic changes the company has made in its foundation since its inception in the late 1990s. It’s a move that opens the door for more growth and innovation but also threatens to trigger a sea change in web surfing habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bold and responsible approach is fundamental to delivering on our mission and making AI more helpful for everyone,” Google CEO Sundar Pichai told a group of reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also will bring new risks to an internet ecosystem that depends heavily on digital advertising as its financial lifeblood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google stands to suffer if the AI overviews undercut ads tied to its search engine — a business that reeled in $175 billion in revenue last year alone. And website publishers — ranging from major media outlets to entrepreneurs and startups that focus on more narrow subjects — will be hurt if the AI overviews are so informative that they result in fewer clicks on the website links that will still appear lower on the results page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on habits that emerged during the past year’s testing phase of Google’s AI overviews, about 25% of the traffic could be negatively affected by the de-emphasis on website links, said Marc McCollum, chief innovation officer at Raptive, which helps about 5,000 website publishers make money from their content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decline in traffic of that magnitude could translate into billions of dollars in lost ad revenue, a devastating blow that would be delivered by a form of AI technology that culls information plucked from many of the websites that stand to lose revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The relationship between Google and publishers has been pretty symbiotic, but enter AI, and what has essentially happened is the Big Tech companies have taken this creative content and used it to train their AI models,” McCollum said. “We are now seeing that being used for their own commercial purposes in what is effectively a transfer of wealth from small, independent businesses to Big Tech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Google found that the AI overviews resulted in people conducting even more searches during the technology’s testing “because they suddenly can ask questions that were too hard before,” Liz Reid, who oversees the company’s search operations, told \u003cem>The Associated Press\u003c/em> during an interview. She declined to provide any specific numbers about link-clicking volume during the tests of AI overviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In reality, people do want to click to the web, even when they have an AI overview,” Reid said. “They start with the AI overview, and then they want to dig in deeper. We will continue to innovate on the AI overview and also on how do we send the most useful traffic to the web.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increasing use of AI technology to summarize information in chatbots such as Google’s Gemini and OpenAI’s ChatGPT during the past 18 months has already raised legal questions about whether the companies behind the services are illegally pulling from copyrighted material to advance their services. It’s an allegation at the heart of a high-profile lawsuit that \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/nyt-new-york-times-openai-microsoft-6ea53a8ad3efa06ee4643b697df0ba57\">\u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> filed late last year\u003c/a> against OpenAI and its biggest backer, Microsoft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google’s AI overviews could also provoke lawsuits, especially if they siphon away traffic and ad sales from websites that believe the company is unfairly profiting from their content. But it’s a risk that the company had to take as the technology advances and is used in rival services such as ChatGPT and upstart search engines such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.perplexity.ai/\">Perplexity,\u003c/a> said Jim Yu, executive chairman of BrightEdge, which helps websites rank higher in Google’s search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is definitely the next chapter in search,” Yu said. “It’s almost like they are tuning three major variables at once: the search quality, the flow of traffic in the ecosystem and then the monetization of that traffic. There hasn’t been a moment in search that is bigger than this for a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "As OpenAI Unveils Big Update, Protesters Call for Pause in Risky 'Frontier' Tech",
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"content": "\u003cp>About a dozen protesters rallied outside OpenAI’s San Francisco headquarters on Monday morning, calling for a measured pause in the development of the next generation of artificial intelligence ahead of a global policy meeting in Seoul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Microsoft-backed maker of ChatGPT is expected to take part in next week’s AI Seoul Summit, where industry leaders will discuss commitments made last year in a declaration on AI risks \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/01/world/europe/uk-ai-summit-sunak.html\">that promised technology transparency\u003c/a> and human oversight to mitigate human rights impacts, privacy harms and unwanted bias in AI models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protesters outside OpenAI urged engineers to go farther in lessening the risks of their technology, carrying signs that read “Quit your job at OpenAI. Trust your conscience,” and “When in doubt, pause.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, OpenAI announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQacCB9tDaw\">in a YouTube livecast\u003c/a> a more advanced version of its large language model and chatbot, which it touted as “a step towards much more natural human-computer interaction.” The updates boast faster response times and new audio and video capabilities — including the ability to read a person’s mood from their face — for the flagship product from OpenAI, which is valued at more than $80 billion, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/13/openai-launches-new-ai-model-and-desktop-version-of-chatgpt.html\">according to CNBC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives for the company did not return a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/liron\">Liron Shapira\u003c/a>, a spokesperson for PauseAI, said the nonprofit group hopes regulators at the Seoul summit set a precedent that companies don’t have the right to unilaterally unleash increasingly advanced artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that we’re entering a regime of AI capabilities that nobody understands and nobody knows how to control, and there’s no turning back once we get there,” Shapira said. “And so we’re advocating for more research and more understanding before we plow ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PauseAI is advocating for a pause in the development of advanced AI systems that are more powerful than ChatGPT, called “frontier models,” which it argues could become a threat to humanity. The organization is not asking for a pause in more routine AI products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s only a few more steps of progress that these AI companies can take in making the AI smarter before it basically exceeds the intelligence level of humanity, which is something that nobody knows how to control,” Shapira said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"artificial-intelligence\"]PauseAI is not alone in its concerns. This year, California lawmakers have \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1047\">advanced roughly 30 AI-related bills\u003c/a>, some aimed at safeguarding the public, that may be seen as legal landmarks. And the declaration published at last November’s summit at Britain’s Bletchley Park, which commits world leaders to mitigating cybersecurity risks, was signed by 28 governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is potential for serious, even catastrophic, harm, either deliberate or unintentional, stemming from the most significant capabilities of these AI models,” the agreement notes. “Given the rapid and uncertain rate of change of AI, and in the context of the acceleration of investment in technology, we affirm that deepening our understanding of these potential risks and of actions to address them is especially urgent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those who signed the policy paper, which also noted AI systems have the potential to “transform and enhance human wellbeing, peace and prosperity,” were representatives of the United States, Japan, China and the Republic of Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, next week’s Seoul summit has far fewer attendees than the previous meetup in Bletchley Park, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/second-global-ai-safety-summit-faces-tough-questions-lower-turnout-2024-04-29/\">according to Reuters\u003c/a>, with governments like Brazil and companies like Mozilla opting out, raising concerns from PauseAI that the gathering will fall flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need an international treaty,” PauseAI founder Joep Meindertsma said in a statement. “The 22 people inside that room in Seoul need to realize that they are the only ones who have the power to stop this race.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>About a dozen protesters rallied outside OpenAI’s San Francisco headquarters on Monday morning, calling for a measured pause in the development of the next generation of artificial intelligence ahead of a global policy meeting in Seoul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Microsoft-backed maker of ChatGPT is expected to take part in next week’s AI Seoul Summit, where industry leaders will discuss commitments made last year in a declaration on AI risks \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/01/world/europe/uk-ai-summit-sunak.html\">that promised technology transparency\u003c/a> and human oversight to mitigate human rights impacts, privacy harms and unwanted bias in AI models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protesters outside OpenAI urged engineers to go farther in lessening the risks of their technology, carrying signs that read “Quit your job at OpenAI. Trust your conscience,” and “When in doubt, pause.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, OpenAI announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQacCB9tDaw\">in a YouTube livecast\u003c/a> a more advanced version of its large language model and chatbot, which it touted as “a step towards much more natural human-computer interaction.” The updates boast faster response times and new audio and video capabilities — including the ability to read a person’s mood from their face — for the flagship product from OpenAI, which is valued at more than $80 billion, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/13/openai-launches-new-ai-model-and-desktop-version-of-chatgpt.html\">according to CNBC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives for the company did not return a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/liron\">Liron Shapira\u003c/a>, a spokesperson for PauseAI, said the nonprofit group hopes regulators at the Seoul summit set a precedent that companies don’t have the right to unilaterally unleash increasingly advanced artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that we’re entering a regime of AI capabilities that nobody understands and nobody knows how to control, and there’s no turning back once we get there,” Shapira said. “And so we’re advocating for more research and more understanding before we plow ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PauseAI is advocating for a pause in the development of advanced AI systems that are more powerful than ChatGPT, called “frontier models,” which it argues could become a threat to humanity. The organization is not asking for a pause in more routine AI products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s only a few more steps of progress that these AI companies can take in making the AI smarter before it basically exceeds the intelligence level of humanity, which is something that nobody knows how to control,” Shapira said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>PauseAI is not alone in its concerns. This year, California lawmakers have \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1047\">advanced roughly 30 AI-related bills\u003c/a>, some aimed at safeguarding the public, that may be seen as legal landmarks. And the declaration published at last November’s summit at Britain’s Bletchley Park, which commits world leaders to mitigating cybersecurity risks, was signed by 28 governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is potential for serious, even catastrophic, harm, either deliberate or unintentional, stemming from the most significant capabilities of these AI models,” the agreement notes. “Given the rapid and uncertain rate of change of AI, and in the context of the acceleration of investment in technology, we affirm that deepening our understanding of these potential risks and of actions to address them is especially urgent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those who signed the policy paper, which also noted AI systems have the potential to “transform and enhance human wellbeing, peace and prosperity,” were representatives of the United States, Japan, China and the Republic of Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, next week’s Seoul summit has far fewer attendees than the previous meetup in Bletchley Park, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/second-global-ai-safety-summit-faces-tough-questions-lower-turnout-2024-04-29/\">according to Reuters\u003c/a>, with governments like Brazil and companies like Mozilla opting out, raising concerns from PauseAI that the gathering will fall flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need an international treaty,” PauseAI founder Joep Meindertsma said in a statement. “The 22 people inside that room in Seoul need to realize that they are the only ones who have the power to stop this race.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s government will soon use generative artificial intelligence tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration announced Thursday the state will partner with five companies to develop and test generative AI tools that could improve public service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is among the first states to roll out guidelines on when and how state agencies can buy AI tools as lawmakers across the country grapple with how to regulate the emerging technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a closer look at the details:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is generative AI?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Generative AI is a branch of artificial intelligence that can create new content, such as text, audio and photos, in response to prompts. It’s the technology behind ChatGPT, the controversial writing tool launched by Microsoft-backed OpenAI. The San Francisco-based company Anthropic — backed by Google and Amazon — is also in the generative AI game.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How might California use it?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California envisions using this type of technology to help cut down on customer call wait times at state agencies and to improve traffic and road safety, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four state departments — the Department of Tax and Fee Administration, the California Department of Transportation, the Department of Public Health, and the Health and Human Services Department — will initially test generative AI tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax and fee agency administers more than 40 programs and took more than 660,000 calls from businesses last year, Director Nick Maduros said. The state hopes to deploy AI to listen in on those calls and pull up key information on state tax codes in real time, allowing the workers to answer questions more quickly because they don’t have to look up the information themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another example, the state wants to use the technology to provide people with information about health and social service benefits in languages other than English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who will use these AI tools?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The public doesn’t have access to these tools quite yet, but possibly will in the future. The state will start a six-month trial, during which state workers will test the tools internally. In the tax example, the state plans to have the technology analyze recordings of calls from businesses and see how the AI handles them afterward — rather than have it run in real time, Maduros said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, not all the tools are designed to interact with the public. For instance, the tools designed to help improve highway congestion and road safety would only be used by state officials to analyze traffic data and brainstorm potential solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State workers will test and evaluate their effectiveness and risks. If the tests go well, the state will consider deploying the technology more broadly.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"artificial-intelligence\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much does it cost?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The ultimate cost is unclear. For now, the state will pay each of the five companies $1 to start a six-month internal trial. Then, the state can assess whether to sign new contracts for long-term use of the tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it turns out it doesn’t serve the public better, then we’re out a dollar,” Maduros said. “And I think that’s a pretty good deal for the citizens of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state currently has a massive budget deficit, which could make it harder for Newsom to make the case that such technology is worth deploying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administration officials said they didn’t have an estimate on what such tools would eventually cost the state, and they did not immediately release copies of the agreements with the five companies that will test the technology on a trial basis. Those companies are: Deloitte Consulting, LLP, INRIX, Inc., Accenture, LLP, Ignyte Group, LLC, SymSoft Solutions LLC.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What could go wrong?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The rapidly growing technology has also raised concerns about job loss, misinformation, privacy and automation bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials and academic experts said generative AI has significant potential to help government agencies become more efficient, but safeguards and oversight are also urgently needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing the tools on a limited basis is one way to limit potential risks, said Meredith Lee, chief technical adviser for UC Berkeley’s College of Computing, Data Science, and Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she added, the testing can’t stop after six months. The state must have a consistent process for testing and learning about the tools’ potential risks if it decides to deploy them on a wider scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s government will soon use generative artificial intelligence tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration announced Thursday the state will partner with five companies to develop and test generative AI tools that could improve public service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is among the first states to roll out guidelines on when and how state agencies can buy AI tools as lawmakers across the country grapple with how to regulate the emerging technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a closer look at the details:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is generative AI?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Generative AI is a branch of artificial intelligence that can create new content, such as text, audio and photos, in response to prompts. It’s the technology behind ChatGPT, the controversial writing tool launched by Microsoft-backed OpenAI. The San Francisco-based company Anthropic — backed by Google and Amazon — is also in the generative AI game.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How might California use it?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California envisions using this type of technology to help cut down on customer call wait times at state agencies and to improve traffic and road safety, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four state departments — the Department of Tax and Fee Administration, the California Department of Transportation, the Department of Public Health, and the Health and Human Services Department — will initially test generative AI tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax and fee agency administers more than 40 programs and took more than 660,000 calls from businesses last year, Director Nick Maduros said. The state hopes to deploy AI to listen in on those calls and pull up key information on state tax codes in real time, allowing the workers to answer questions more quickly because they don’t have to look up the information themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another example, the state wants to use the technology to provide people with information about health and social service benefits in languages other than English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who will use these AI tools?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The public doesn’t have access to these tools quite yet, but possibly will in the future. The state will start a six-month trial, during which state workers will test the tools internally. In the tax example, the state plans to have the technology analyze recordings of calls from businesses and see how the AI handles them afterward — rather than have it run in real time, Maduros said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, not all the tools are designed to interact with the public. For instance, the tools designed to help improve highway congestion and road safety would only be used by state officials to analyze traffic data and brainstorm potential solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State workers will test and evaluate their effectiveness and risks. If the tests go well, the state will consider deploying the technology more broadly.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much does it cost?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The ultimate cost is unclear. For now, the state will pay each of the five companies $1 to start a six-month internal trial. Then, the state can assess whether to sign new contracts for long-term use of the tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it turns out it doesn’t serve the public better, then we’re out a dollar,” Maduros said. “And I think that’s a pretty good deal for the citizens of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state currently has a massive budget deficit, which could make it harder for Newsom to make the case that such technology is worth deploying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administration officials said they didn’t have an estimate on what such tools would eventually cost the state, and they did not immediately release copies of the agreements with the five companies that will test the technology on a trial basis. Those companies are: Deloitte Consulting, LLP, INRIX, Inc., Accenture, LLP, Ignyte Group, LLC, SymSoft Solutions LLC.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What could go wrong?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The rapidly growing technology has also raised concerns about job loss, misinformation, privacy and automation bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials and academic experts said generative AI has significant potential to help government agencies become more efficient, but safeguards and oversight are also urgently needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing the tools on a limited basis is one way to limit potential risks, said Meredith Lee, chief technical adviser for UC Berkeley’s College of Computing, Data Science, and Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she added, the testing can’t stop after six months. The state must have a consistent process for testing and learning about the tools’ potential risks if it decides to deploy them on a wider scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California could soon deploy generative artificial intelligence tools to help reduce traffic jams, make roads safer and provide tax guidance, among other things, under new agreements announced Thursday as part of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s efforts to harness the power of new technologies for public services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is partnering with five companies to create generative AI tools using technologies developed by tech giants such as Microsoft-backed OpenAI and Google-backed Anthropic that would ultimately help the state provide better services to the public, administration officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a very good sign that a lot of these companies are putting their focus on using GenAI for governmental service delivery,” said Amy Tong, secretary of government operations for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies will start a six-month internal trial during which state workers test and evaluate the tools. The companies will be paid $1 for their proposals. The state, which faces a significant budget deficit, can then reassess whether any tools could be fully implemented under new contracts. All the tools are considered low risk, meaning they don’t interact with confidential data or personal information, an administration spokesperson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, a Democrat, touts California as a global hub for AI technology, noting that 35 of the world’s top 50 AI companies are in the state. He signed an executive order last year requiring the state to start exploring responsible ways to incorporate generative AI by this summer, with the goal of positioning California as an AI leader. In January, the state started asking technology companies to come up with generative AI tools for public services. Last month, California was among the first states to roll out guidelines on when and how state agencies could buy such tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generative AI, a branch of AI that can create new content such as text, audio and photos, has significant potential to help government agencies become more efficient, but there’s also an urgent need for safeguards and oversight to limit risks, state officials and experts said. In New York City, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/new-york-city-chatbot-misinformation-6ebc71db5b770b9969c906a7ee4fae21\">an AI-powered chatbot\u003c/a> created by the city to help small businesses was found to dole out false guidance and advise companies to violate the law. The rapidly growing technology has also raised concerns about job loss, misinformation, privacy and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-ai-explained-policy-technology-regulations-discrimination-d3226c9139d3d06af263e7ff467d0666\">automation bias\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While state governments \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/lobbying-artificial-intelligence-regulation-bias-discrimination-58eab95d279648e759f9099ca4249f00\">struggle to regulate AI in private sectors\u003c/a>, many are exploring how public agencies can leverage the powerful technology for the public good. California’s approach, which also requires companies to disclose what large language models they use to develop AI tools, is meant to build public trust, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s efforts of testing the tools extensively and allowing state workers to provide feedback are some of the best practices to limit potential risks, said Meredith Lee, chief technical advisor for UC Berkeley’s College of Computing, Data Science, and Society. The challenge is ensuring the state continues testing and learning the tools’ potential risks after deployment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not something where you just work on testing for some small amount of time, and that’s it,” Lee said. “Putting in the structures for people to be able to revisit and better understand the deployments further down the line is really crucial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11976097,news_11983752,news_11979306\"]The California Department of Transportation is looking for tools that would analyze traffic data and come up with solutions to reduce highway traffic and make roads safer. The state’s Department of Tax and Fee Administration, which administers more than 40 programs, wants an AI tool to help its call center cut wait times and call length. The state is also seeking technologies to provide non-English speakers information about health and social services benefits in their language and to streamline the inspection process for health care facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tool is designed to assist state workers, not replace them, said Nick Maduros, director of the Department of Tax and Fee Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Call center workers there took more than 660,000 calls last year. The state envisions AI technology listening to those calls and pulling up specific tax code information associated with the problem the caller is describing. The worker could decide whether to use the information. Currently, call center workers must simultaneously listen to the call and manually look up the code, Maduros said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it turns out it doesn’t serve the public better, then we’re out $1,” Maduros said. “And I think that’s a pretty good deal for the citizens of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tong wouldn’t say when a successfully vetted tool would be deployed but added that the state is moving as fast as it can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole essence of using GenAI is it doesn’t take years,” Tong said. “GenAI doesn’t wait for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California could soon deploy generative artificial intelligence tools to help reduce traffic jams, make roads safer and provide tax guidance, among other things, under new agreements announced Thursday as part of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s efforts to harness the power of new technologies for public services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is partnering with five companies to create generative AI tools using technologies developed by tech giants such as Microsoft-backed OpenAI and Google-backed Anthropic that would ultimately help the state provide better services to the public, administration officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a very good sign that a lot of these companies are putting their focus on using GenAI for governmental service delivery,” said Amy Tong, secretary of government operations for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies will start a six-month internal trial during which state workers test and evaluate the tools. The companies will be paid $1 for their proposals. The state, which faces a significant budget deficit, can then reassess whether any tools could be fully implemented under new contracts. All the tools are considered low risk, meaning they don’t interact with confidential data or personal information, an administration spokesperson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, a Democrat, touts California as a global hub for AI technology, noting that 35 of the world’s top 50 AI companies are in the state. He signed an executive order last year requiring the state to start exploring responsible ways to incorporate generative AI by this summer, with the goal of positioning California as an AI leader. In January, the state started asking technology companies to come up with generative AI tools for public services. Last month, California was among the first states to roll out guidelines on when and how state agencies could buy such tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generative AI, a branch of AI that can create new content such as text, audio and photos, has significant potential to help government agencies become more efficient, but there’s also an urgent need for safeguards and oversight to limit risks, state officials and experts said. In New York City, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/new-york-city-chatbot-misinformation-6ebc71db5b770b9969c906a7ee4fae21\">an AI-powered chatbot\u003c/a> created by the city to help small businesses was found to dole out false guidance and advise companies to violate the law. The rapidly growing technology has also raised concerns about job loss, misinformation, privacy and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-ai-explained-policy-technology-regulations-discrimination-d3226c9139d3d06af263e7ff467d0666\">automation bias\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While state governments \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/lobbying-artificial-intelligence-regulation-bias-discrimination-58eab95d279648e759f9099ca4249f00\">struggle to regulate AI in private sectors\u003c/a>, many are exploring how public agencies can leverage the powerful technology for the public good. California’s approach, which also requires companies to disclose what large language models they use to develop AI tools, is meant to build public trust, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s efforts of testing the tools extensively and allowing state workers to provide feedback are some of the best practices to limit potential risks, said Meredith Lee, chief technical advisor for UC Berkeley’s College of Computing, Data Science, and Society. The challenge is ensuring the state continues testing and learning the tools’ potential risks after deployment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not something where you just work on testing for some small amount of time, and that’s it,” Lee said. “Putting in the structures for people to be able to revisit and better understand the deployments further down the line is really crucial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The California Department of Transportation is looking for tools that would analyze traffic data and come up with solutions to reduce highway traffic and make roads safer. The state’s Department of Tax and Fee Administration, which administers more than 40 programs, wants an AI tool to help its call center cut wait times and call length. The state is also seeking technologies to provide non-English speakers information about health and social services benefits in their language and to streamline the inspection process for health care facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tool is designed to assist state workers, not replace them, said Nick Maduros, director of the Department of Tax and Fee Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Call center workers there took more than 660,000 calls last year. The state envisions AI technology listening to those calls and pulling up specific tax code information associated with the problem the caller is describing. The worker could decide whether to use the information. Currently, call center workers must simultaneously listen to the call and manually look up the code, Maduros said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it turns out it doesn’t serve the public better, then we’re out $1,” Maduros said. “And I think that’s a pretty good deal for the citizens of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tong wouldn’t say when a successfully vetted tool would be deployed but added that the state is moving as fast as it can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole essence of using GenAI is it doesn’t take years,” Tong said. “GenAI doesn’t wait for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the use of artificial intelligence proliferates in the health care industry, Bay Area unionized nurses call for greater transparency and say in how the technologies are deployed to minimize risks to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a protest on Monday outside of Kaiser Permanente’s San Francisco Medical Center, many in the estimated crowd of about 200 members of the California Nurses Association held red signs that read “Patients are not algorithms” and “Trust nurses, not AI.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All health care corporations need to make sure that the technology is tested, it’s valid, and it’s not harmful to patients,” said Michelle Gutierrez Vo, a president at CNA, representing 24,000 nurses at Kaiser Permanente. “And before they deploy it, they need to sit down with nurses so that the nurses can review and make sure it’s congruent with patient safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983730\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983730\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing sun glasses and a red shirt holds a microphone in front of people while she stands behind a podium with a red sign in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michelle Gutierrez Vo, a registered nurse at Kaiser Permanente Medical Center in Fremont and a California Nurses Association president, speaks during a rally alongside fellow nurses from across California at Kaiser Permanente on Geary Blvd in San Francisco on April 22, 2024, to advocate for patient safety in the face of artificial intelligence technology. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gutierrez Vo and other nurses worry that without proper oversight and accountability, health care employers will use AI to replace nurses and other medical professionals for profit, to the detriment of patient care. The nurses are calling for health care organizations to hit pause on the rollout of new AI technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes as state and federal regulators race to catch up with the explosive growth of generative AI tools, which experts say also have great potential to improve health care delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11976097,news_11980719,news_11982218\" label=\"Related Stories\"]Kaiser Permanente, one of the largest employers in San Francisco, Alameda and other Bay Area counties, has been an early adopter of AI. Company officials \u003ca href=\"https://about.kaiserpermanente.org/news/fostering-responsible-ai-in-health-care\">have said\u003c/a> they rigorously test the tools they use for safety, accuracy and equity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our physicians and care teams are always at the center of decision-making with our patients,” a Kaiser Permanente statement said in response to a KQED request for comment. “We believe that AI may be able to help our physicians and employees and enhance our members’ experience. As an organization dedicated to inclusiveness and health equity, we ensure the results from AI tools are correct and unbiased; AI does not replace human assessment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One program in use at 21 Kaiser hospitals in Northern California is the Advance Alert Monitor, which analyzes electronic health data to notify a nursing team when a patient’s health is at risk of serious decline. The program saves about 500 lives per year, according to the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983733\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983733\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-scaled.jpg\" alt='Many people dressed in scrubs hold red signs that say \"Trust Nurses Not AI\" in the street.' width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nurses from across California rally at Kaiser Permanente on Geary Blvd in San Francisco on April 22, 2024, to advocate for patient safety in the face of artificial intelligence technology. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Gutierrez Vo said nurses have flagged problems with the tool, such as producing inaccurate alarms or failing to detect all patients whose health is quickly deteriorating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just so much buzz right now that this is the future of health care. These health care corporations are using this as a shortcut, as a way to handle patient load. And we’re saying ‘No. You cannot do that without making sure these systems are safe,’” said Gutierrez Vo, a nurse with 25 years of experience at the company’s Fremont Adult Family Medicine clinic. “Our patients are not lab rats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has authorized some AI-generated services before they go to market, but mostly \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/28/ai-doctors-healthcare-regulation-00124051\">without the comprehensive data\u003c/a> required for new medicines. Last fall, President Joe Biden issued an \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/10/30/executive-order-on-the-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/10/30/executive-order-on-the-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence/\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">executive order\u003c/a> on the safe use of AI, which includes a directive to develop policies for AI-enabled technologies in health services that promote “the welfare of patients and workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very good to have open discussions because the technology is moving at such a fast pace, and everyone is at a different level of understanding of what it can do and [what] it is,” said Dr. Ashish Atreja, Chief Information and Digital Health Officer at UC Davis Health. “Many health systems and organizations do have guardrails in place, but perhaps they haven’t been shared that widely. That’s why there’s a knowledge gap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983727\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983727\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing sun glasses and a red shirt stands in a crowd with red signs in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Larkin listens to speakers alongside fellow nurses from across California during a rally at Kaiser Permanente on Geary Blvd in San Francisco on April 22, 2024, to advocate for patient safety in the face of artificial intelligence technology. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>UC Davis Health is part of a \u003ca href=\"https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/uc-davis-health-and-leading-health-systems-launch-valid-ai/2023/10\">collaboration\u003c/a> with other health systems to implement generative and other types of AI with what Atreja referred to as “intentionality” to support their workforce and improve patient care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have this mission that no patient, no clinician, no researcher, no employee gets left behind in getting advantage from the latest technologies,” Atreja said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Robert Pearl, a lecturer at the Stanford Graduate Business School and a former CEO of The Permanente Medical Group (Kaiser Permanente), told KQED he agreed with the nurses’ concerns about the use of AI at their workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generative AI is a threatening technology but also a positive one. What is the best for the patient? That has to be the number one concern,” said Pearl, author of “ChatGPT, MD: How AI-Empowered Patients & Doctors Can Take Back Control of American Medicine,” which he said he co-wrote with the AI system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m optimistic about what it can do for patients,” he said. “I often tell people that generative AI is like the iPhone. It’s not going away.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the use of artificial intelligence proliferates in the health care industry, Bay Area unionized nurses call for greater transparency and say in how the technologies are deployed to minimize risks to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a protest on Monday outside of Kaiser Permanente’s San Francisco Medical Center, many in the estimated crowd of about 200 members of the California Nurses Association held red signs that read “Patients are not algorithms” and “Trust nurses, not AI.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All health care corporations need to make sure that the technology is tested, it’s valid, and it’s not harmful to patients,” said Michelle Gutierrez Vo, a president at CNA, representing 24,000 nurses at Kaiser Permanente. “And before they deploy it, they need to sit down with nurses so that the nurses can review and make sure it’s congruent with patient safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983730\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983730\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing sun glasses and a red shirt holds a microphone in front of people while she stands behind a podium with a red sign in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-33-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michelle Gutierrez Vo, a registered nurse at Kaiser Permanente Medical Center in Fremont and a California Nurses Association president, speaks during a rally alongside fellow nurses from across California at Kaiser Permanente on Geary Blvd in San Francisco on April 22, 2024, to advocate for patient safety in the face of artificial intelligence technology. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gutierrez Vo and other nurses worry that without proper oversight and accountability, health care employers will use AI to replace nurses and other medical professionals for profit, to the detriment of patient care. The nurses are calling for health care organizations to hit pause on the rollout of new AI technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes as state and federal regulators race to catch up with the explosive growth of generative AI tools, which experts say also have great potential to improve health care delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Kaiser Permanente, one of the largest employers in San Francisco, Alameda and other Bay Area counties, has been an early adopter of AI. Company officials \u003ca href=\"https://about.kaiserpermanente.org/news/fostering-responsible-ai-in-health-care\">have said\u003c/a> they rigorously test the tools they use for safety, accuracy and equity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our physicians and care teams are always at the center of decision-making with our patients,” a Kaiser Permanente statement said in response to a KQED request for comment. “We believe that AI may be able to help our physicians and employees and enhance our members’ experience. As an organization dedicated to inclusiveness and health equity, we ensure the results from AI tools are correct and unbiased; AI does not replace human assessment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One program in use at 21 Kaiser hospitals in Northern California is the Advance Alert Monitor, which analyzes electronic health data to notify a nursing team when a patient’s health is at risk of serious decline. The program saves about 500 lives per year, according to the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983733\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983733\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-scaled.jpg\" alt='Many people dressed in scrubs hold red signs that say \"Trust Nurses Not AI\" in the street.' width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-02-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nurses from across California rally at Kaiser Permanente on Geary Blvd in San Francisco on April 22, 2024, to advocate for patient safety in the face of artificial intelligence technology. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Gutierrez Vo said nurses have flagged problems with the tool, such as producing inaccurate alarms or failing to detect all patients whose health is quickly deteriorating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just so much buzz right now that this is the future of health care. These health care corporations are using this as a shortcut, as a way to handle patient load. And we’re saying ‘No. You cannot do that without making sure these systems are safe,’” said Gutierrez Vo, a nurse with 25 years of experience at the company’s Fremont Adult Family Medicine clinic. “Our patients are not lab rats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has authorized some AI-generated services before they go to market, but mostly \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/28/ai-doctors-healthcare-regulation-00124051\">without the comprehensive data\u003c/a> required for new medicines. Last fall, President Joe Biden issued an \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/10/30/executive-order-on-the-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/10/30/executive-order-on-the-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence/\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">executive order\u003c/a> on the safe use of AI, which includes a directive to develop policies for AI-enabled technologies in health services that promote “the welfare of patients and workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very good to have open discussions because the technology is moving at such a fast pace, and everyone is at a different level of understanding of what it can do and [what] it is,” said Dr. Ashish Atreja, Chief Information and Digital Health Officer at UC Davis Health. “Many health systems and organizations do have guardrails in place, but perhaps they haven’t been shared that widely. That’s why there’s a knowledge gap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983727\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983727\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing sun glasses and a red shirt stands in a crowd with red signs in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240422-NursesAI-19-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Larkin listens to speakers alongside fellow nurses from across California during a rally at Kaiser Permanente on Geary Blvd in San Francisco on April 22, 2024, to advocate for patient safety in the face of artificial intelligence technology. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>UC Davis Health is part of a \u003ca href=\"https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/uc-davis-health-and-leading-health-systems-launch-valid-ai/2023/10\">collaboration\u003c/a> with other health systems to implement generative and other types of AI with what Atreja referred to as “intentionality” to support their workforce and improve patient care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have this mission that no patient, no clinician, no researcher, no employee gets left behind in getting advantage from the latest technologies,” Atreja said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Robert Pearl, a lecturer at the Stanford Graduate Business School and a former CEO of The Permanente Medical Group (Kaiser Permanente), told KQED he agreed with the nurses’ concerns about the use of AI at their workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generative AI is a threatening technology but also a positive one. What is the best for the patient? That has to be the number one concern,” said Pearl, author of “ChatGPT, MD: How AI-Empowered Patients & Doctors Can Take Back Control of American Medicine,” which he said he co-wrote with the AI system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m optimistic about what it can do for patients,” he said. “I often tell people that generative AI is like the iPhone. It’s not going away.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rules around businesses using artificial intelligence have begun to come into focus for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Privacy Protection Agency board on Friday voted 3–2 to advance rules about how businesses use artificial intelligence and collect the personal information of consumers, workers, and students. The vote, which took place in Oakland, continues a process that started in November 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rules seek to create guidelines for the many areas in which AI and personal data can influence the lives of Californians: job compensation, demotion, and opportunity; housing, insurance, health care, and student expulsion. For example, under the rules, if an employer wanted to use AI to make predictions about a person’s emotional state or personality during a job interview, a job candidate could opt out without fear of discrimination for choosing to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the rules advanced on Friday, businesses must notify people before using AI. If people opt out of interacting with an AI model, businesses cannot discriminate against people for that choice. If people agree to use an AI service or tool, businesses must respond to requests by individuals about how they use their personal information to make predictions. The rules would also require employers or third-party contractors to carry out risk assessments to evaluate the performance of their technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rules would affect any company making more than $25 million in annual revenue or processing the personal data of more than 100,000 Californians. AI regulation in California could be disproportionately influential. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/local/san-diego/2023/08/02/california-san-diego-ai-technology-forbes-brookings\">Forbes analysis\u003c/a> found that 35 of the top 50 AI companies in the world are headquartered in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process for making rules around AI underway in California is unique because it affects workers, students as well as consumers. And whereas many states leave enforcement of data privacy laws to attorneys general, California’s data privacy law is enforced by a board with the power to make rules. Draft rules for automated decision-making technology and AI go beyond privacy bills in other states like Colorado and Washington or Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation to extend privacy protections to full-time employees, independent contractors, and job applicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11976097,news_11972309,news_11973657\" label=\"Related Stories\"]Disclosure is a core part of AI regulation efforts like the privacy protection agency draft rules and the AI Act, which European Union lawmakers expect to pass into law in the coming months. A lack of disclosure has led to instances in recent years where bias algorithms can automate \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/wrongful-arrests-ai-derailed-3-mens-lives/\">indignity and discrimination\u003c/a>. Algorithms have also made critical decisions about things like housing, health care or education without consumer’s knowledge or consent. Once both laws go into effect, businesses will have 24 months to comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An artificial intelligence loophole?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than 20 labor unions and digital rights organizations say the latest iteration of the rules — introduced a few days before the meeting — is watered down and introduces loopholes that would let businesses evade accountability when using the technology. Privacy board staff introduced the first version of draft rules last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those digital rights advocates — including organizations like the California Labor Federation and UC Berkeley Labor Center — said the rules eliminate an opt-out option from previous versions of the rules and change the definition of a key term in a way that could be taken advantage of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing the definition of automated decision-making technology to one that only covers technology that “substantially facilitates human decision making,” the advocates argue, creates an opening for companies to side-step accountability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Companies could easily claim that they do not use automated systems that ‘substantially facilitate’ human decisions,” reads a letter issued by the advocates and shared with CalMatters. “This revision deprives the agency of necessary information about how risk-prone algorithmic tools are being used.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That language change sounds like a gap in the law, said board member Vinhcent Le, who was part of a subcommittee that worked with privacy protection agency lawyers and staff to develop the first draft of rules more than two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this advances as is, we should focus on making sure this doesn’t become a big loophole,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the first and only place where employees are getting critical info about their data, UC Berkeley Labor Center Director Annette Bernhardt told the board during public comment ahead of the vote, and recent amendments threaten to deprive workers of agency over algorithmic tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In public comment at a December 2023 meeting where the board held its first discussions of the draft rules, business groups argued in favor of an exemption from public records requests and eliminating risk assessment approval by a company board of directors. Business interests like the Bay Area Council — whose members include big AI companies like Amazon, Google and Meta — previously argued that the draft rule definitions of AI and automated decision making were too broad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy Protection Agency Executive Director Ashkan Soltani said he’s looking forward to more input from the public since roughly 90% of feedback thus far has come from business lobbyists.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>AI rules moving toward completion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before Friday’s vote, board member Lydia de la Torre said she wasn’t comfortable moving the rules forward without unanimous approval because they are likely to face litigation from lawyers who are already telling the board that the draft rules represent an overreach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board member Alastair Mactaggart said he voted no because he still finds the definition of automated decision-making technology “extraordinarily broad” and said the rules should not move forward because they will require every business to carry out risk assessments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to de La Torre’s concern about litigation, board member Jeffrey Worthe said the meaningful vote is not now but when the board ends the public feedback process and votes to begin formal rulemaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time to move this to a wider audience,” he said. “We don’t have to have it all decided now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research \u003ca href=\"https://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Data-and-Algorithms-at-Work.pdf\">co-authored by Bernhardt (PDF)\u003c/a> found that workplace surveillance is on the rise and that it’s often used by small or mid-sized companies that obtain technology with little knowledge about how the tech works. She told CalMatters she’s less worried about AI eliminating jobs than she is about algorithms used in the workplace treating people like machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff counsel Neelofer Shaikh characterized workers subject to workplace surveillance as particularly vulnerable because “it is much harder to leave your workplace if you are subject to intensive profiling than to just leave a website.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Work on draft AI regulation to protect the personal privacy of consumers and workers started shortly after the formation of the board following the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/election-2020-guide/proposition-24-data-privacy/\">November 2020 passage\u003c/a> of the California Privacy Rights Act, which directs the board to protect the personal privacy of California residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, there will be another vote on these rules. Privacy protection agency staff don’t expect a final vote to approve the draft rules to take place for another year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rules around businesses using artificial intelligence have begun to come into focus for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Privacy Protection Agency board on Friday voted 3–2 to advance rules about how businesses use artificial intelligence and collect the personal information of consumers, workers, and students. The vote, which took place in Oakland, continues a process that started in November 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rules seek to create guidelines for the many areas in which AI and personal data can influence the lives of Californians: job compensation, demotion, and opportunity; housing, insurance, health care, and student expulsion. For example, under the rules, if an employer wanted to use AI to make predictions about a person’s emotional state or personality during a job interview, a job candidate could opt out without fear of discrimination for choosing to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the rules advanced on Friday, businesses must notify people before using AI. If people opt out of interacting with an AI model, businesses cannot discriminate against people for that choice. If people agree to use an AI service or tool, businesses must respond to requests by individuals about how they use their personal information to make predictions. The rules would also require employers or third-party contractors to carry out risk assessments to evaluate the performance of their technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rules would affect any company making more than $25 million in annual revenue or processing the personal data of more than 100,000 Californians. AI regulation in California could be disproportionately influential. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/local/san-diego/2023/08/02/california-san-diego-ai-technology-forbes-brookings\">Forbes analysis\u003c/a> found that 35 of the top 50 AI companies in the world are headquartered in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process for making rules around AI underway in California is unique because it affects workers, students as well as consumers. And whereas many states leave enforcement of data privacy laws to attorneys general, California’s data privacy law is enforced by a board with the power to make rules. Draft rules for automated decision-making technology and AI go beyond privacy bills in other states like Colorado and Washington or Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation to extend privacy protections to full-time employees, independent contractors, and job applicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Disclosure is a core part of AI regulation efforts like the privacy protection agency draft rules and the AI Act, which European Union lawmakers expect to pass into law in the coming months. A lack of disclosure has led to instances in recent years where bias algorithms can automate \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/wrongful-arrests-ai-derailed-3-mens-lives/\">indignity and discrimination\u003c/a>. Algorithms have also made critical decisions about things like housing, health care or education without consumer’s knowledge or consent. Once both laws go into effect, businesses will have 24 months to comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An artificial intelligence loophole?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than 20 labor unions and digital rights organizations say the latest iteration of the rules — introduced a few days before the meeting — is watered down and introduces loopholes that would let businesses evade accountability when using the technology. Privacy board staff introduced the first version of draft rules last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those digital rights advocates — including organizations like the California Labor Federation and UC Berkeley Labor Center — said the rules eliminate an opt-out option from previous versions of the rules and change the definition of a key term in a way that could be taken advantage of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing the definition of automated decision-making technology to one that only covers technology that “substantially facilitates human decision making,” the advocates argue, creates an opening for companies to side-step accountability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Companies could easily claim that they do not use automated systems that ‘substantially facilitate’ human decisions,” reads a letter issued by the advocates and shared with CalMatters. “This revision deprives the agency of necessary information about how risk-prone algorithmic tools are being used.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That language change sounds like a gap in the law, said board member Vinhcent Le, who was part of a subcommittee that worked with privacy protection agency lawyers and staff to develop the first draft of rules more than two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this advances as is, we should focus on making sure this doesn’t become a big loophole,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the first and only place where employees are getting critical info about their data, UC Berkeley Labor Center Director Annette Bernhardt told the board during public comment ahead of the vote, and recent amendments threaten to deprive workers of agency over algorithmic tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In public comment at a December 2023 meeting where the board held its first discussions of the draft rules, business groups argued in favor of an exemption from public records requests and eliminating risk assessment approval by a company board of directors. Business interests like the Bay Area Council — whose members include big AI companies like Amazon, Google and Meta — previously argued that the draft rule definitions of AI and automated decision making were too broad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy Protection Agency Executive Director Ashkan Soltani said he’s looking forward to more input from the public since roughly 90% of feedback thus far has come from business lobbyists.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>AI rules moving toward completion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before Friday’s vote, board member Lydia de la Torre said she wasn’t comfortable moving the rules forward without unanimous approval because they are likely to face litigation from lawyers who are already telling the board that the draft rules represent an overreach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board member Alastair Mactaggart said he voted no because he still finds the definition of automated decision-making technology “extraordinarily broad” and said the rules should not move forward because they will require every business to carry out risk assessments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to de La Torre’s concern about litigation, board member Jeffrey Worthe said the meaningful vote is not now but when the board ends the public feedback process and votes to begin formal rulemaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time to move this to a wider audience,” he said. “We don’t have to have it all decided now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research \u003ca href=\"https://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Data-and-Algorithms-at-Work.pdf\">co-authored by Bernhardt (PDF)\u003c/a> found that workplace surveillance is on the rise and that it’s often used by small or mid-sized companies that obtain technology with little knowledge about how the tech works. She told CalMatters she’s less worried about AI eliminating jobs than she is about algorithms used in the workplace treating people like machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff counsel Neelofer Shaikh characterized workers subject to workplace surveillance as particularly vulnerable because “it is much harder to leave your workplace if you are subject to intensive profiling than to just leave a website.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Work on draft AI regulation to protect the personal privacy of consumers and workers started shortly after the formation of the board following the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/election-2020-guide/proposition-24-data-privacy/\">November 2020 passage\u003c/a> of the California Privacy Rights Act, which directs the board to protect the personal privacy of California residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, there will be another vote on these rules. Privacy protection agency staff don’t expect a final vote to approve the draft rules to take place for another year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>During her annual State of the City address Thursday, San Francisco Mayor London Breed unveiled a new plan to revitalize the city’s struggling downtown area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed’s goal with the 30 by 30 initiative is to attract 30,000 residents and students downtown by 2030.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"San Francisco Mayor London Breed\"]‘We are recruiting new businesses and continuing to see new leases signed led by AI, which alone is projected to add 12 million square feet of office space by 2030.’[/pullquote]“Downtown has always been the economic engine that funds the services we care about, and its post-pandemic difficulties are the driving reason for the deficit we now face,” Breed said from Pier 27.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed acknowledged the city’s economic reliance on industries operating from downtown offices. That dependence was made clear at the onset of the pandemic, with a persistent downtown \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11955554/could-empty-offices-in-san-francisco-be-converted-to-homes\">office vacancy rate exceeding 30% due to the shift to remote work.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Breed also indicated that she believes technology companies still have a large role to play in fueling that economic engine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are recruiting new businesses and continuing to see new leases signed led by AI, which alone is projected to add 12 million square feet of office space by 2030,” Breed said. “And it won’t be AI alone. This is one of the most beautiful urban environments in the world, with an unrivaled pool of talent, of builders and dreamers, and the largest collection of deployable capital in the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To meet this new goal, Breed said she hopes to work with state Sen. Scott Wiener to \u003ca href=\"https://sd11.senate.ca.gov/news/20240216-senator-wiener-introduces-bill-revitalize-downtown-san-francisco\">change state laws\u003c/a> to provide regulatory and tax exemptions for building conversions and spur housing production downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, Breed committed to vetoing any new piece of legislation that she deemed to be anti-housing.[aside label='More on London Breed' tag='london-breed']\u003ca href=\"https://www.hcd.ca.gov/policy-and-research/plans-and-reports\">A state report released last October\u003c/a> criticized city rules for making new housing production slower and costlier. Even if some of those local rules are changed — obstacles remain — including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11839409/5-reasons-its-so-expensive-to-build-housing-in-california\">high construction costs.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcements come as Breed seems poised to score several victories in Tuesday’s election, including the likely passage of propositions C, E and F, which she sponsored. Though not all votes have been counted, all three measures were leading by more than five percentage points as of \u003ca href=\"https://sfelections.org/results/20240305w/index.html\">Thursday afternoon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition C, if passed, would provide the new owners of converted office buildings with a one-time exemption from the city’s real estate transfer tax. As of this writing, it currently leads with nearly 54% of the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition F would require residents who receive city benefits to submit to drug screenings and treatment programs if they are suspected of having a dependence on illegal drugs or risk losing their benefits. Critics say coerced participation is not likely to lead to successful treatment — and vulnerable people could lose their housing if cut off from assistance programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During her speech, the mayor thanked residents for their support of those propositions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will roll out 400 automated license plate cameras at 100 intersections across the city this month. Thanks to the voters for approving Proposition E on Tuesday,” Breed said. “We will be installing new public safety cameras in high-crime areas, deploying drones for auto theft, car break-ins and other crimes.”[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"San Francisco Mayor London Breed\"]‘We will roll out 400 automated license plate cameras at 100 intersections across the city this month. … We will be installing new public safety cameras in high-crime areas, deploying drones for auto theft, car break-ins and other crimes.’[/pullquote] Along with giving police greater access to surveillance technology and reducing officer requirements for use-of-force reporting, Proposition E would allow police to engage in vehicle pursuits more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor seemed to take Tuesday’s election results as a mandate to continue her efforts to ramp up police crackdowns in the city, vowing to support arrests of drug dealers and even drug users “who are a danger to themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, offering people services is critical, but frankly, we must compel some people into treatment,” Breed said, adding that she also hopes to expand treatment options for those suffering from substance use disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed’s test of true public support, though, will come in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when residents will decide whether to re-elect Breed and give her the time to enact these plans or vote in one of her challengers instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Downtown has always been the economic engine that funds the services we care about, and its post-pandemic difficulties are the driving reason for the deficit we now face,” Breed said from Pier 27.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed acknowledged the city’s economic reliance on industries operating from downtown offices. That dependence was made clear at the onset of the pandemic, with a persistent downtown \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11955554/could-empty-offices-in-san-francisco-be-converted-to-homes\">office vacancy rate exceeding 30% due to the shift to remote work.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Breed also indicated that she believes technology companies still have a large role to play in fueling that economic engine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are recruiting new businesses and continuing to see new leases signed led by AI, which alone is projected to add 12 million square feet of office space by 2030,” Breed said. “And it won’t be AI alone. This is one of the most beautiful urban environments in the world, with an unrivaled pool of talent, of builders and dreamers, and the largest collection of deployable capital in the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To meet this new goal, Breed said she hopes to work with state Sen. Scott Wiener to \u003ca href=\"https://sd11.senate.ca.gov/news/20240216-senator-wiener-introduces-bill-revitalize-downtown-san-francisco\">change state laws\u003c/a> to provide regulatory and tax exemptions for building conversions and spur housing production downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, Breed committed to vetoing any new piece of legislation that she deemed to be anti-housing.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hcd.ca.gov/policy-and-research/plans-and-reports\">A state report released last October\u003c/a> criticized city rules for making new housing production slower and costlier. Even if some of those local rules are changed — obstacles remain — including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11839409/5-reasons-its-so-expensive-to-build-housing-in-california\">high construction costs.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcements come as Breed seems poised to score several victories in Tuesday’s election, including the likely passage of propositions C, E and F, which she sponsored. Though not all votes have been counted, all three measures were leading by more than five percentage points as of \u003ca href=\"https://sfelections.org/results/20240305w/index.html\">Thursday afternoon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition C, if passed, would provide the new owners of converted office buildings with a one-time exemption from the city’s real estate transfer tax. As of this writing, it currently leads with nearly 54% of the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition F would require residents who receive city benefits to submit to drug screenings and treatment programs if they are suspected of having a dependence on illegal drugs or risk losing their benefits. Critics say coerced participation is not likely to lead to successful treatment — and vulnerable people could lose their housing if cut off from assistance programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During her speech, the mayor thanked residents for their support of those propositions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will roll out 400 automated license plate cameras at 100 intersections across the city this month. Thanks to the voters for approving Proposition E on Tuesday,” Breed said. “We will be installing new public safety cameras in high-crime areas, deploying drones for auto theft, car break-ins and other crimes.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Along with giving police greater access to surveillance technology and reducing officer requirements for use-of-force reporting, Proposition E would allow police to engage in vehicle pursuits more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor seemed to take Tuesday’s election results as a mandate to continue her efforts to ramp up police crackdowns in the city, vowing to support arrests of drug dealers and even drug users “who are a danger to themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, offering people services is critical, but frankly, we must compel some people into treatment,” Breed said, adding that she also hopes to expand treatment options for those suffering from substance use disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed’s test of true public support, though, will come in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when residents will decide whether to re-elect Breed and give her the time to enact these plans or vote in one of her challengers instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "los-angeles-county-uses-ai-to-prevent-homelessness-and-offers-assistance",
"title": "Los Angeles County Uses AI to Prevent Homelessness and Offers Assistance",
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"content": "\u003cp>You’ve likely heard about AI powering driverless cars, writing term papers and creating unsettling deep fakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can that same technology also prevent people from becoming homeless?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what Los Angeles County is trying to find out. Officials there are using \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/elections/2024/02/ai-elections-bill-package/\">AI technology\u003c/a> to predict who in the county is most likely to lose their housing — and then stepping in to help those people with their rent, utility bills, car payments and more.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dana Vanderford, associate director of homelessness prevention, LA County’s Department of Health Services\"]‘If we know who people are who unfortunately are going to have that experience … it’s a real opportunity to do something early on in their lives to prevent that from happening.’[/pullquote]It’s still an experimental strategy. But the program has served more than 700 clients since 2021, and 86% have retained their housing. It comes at a time when \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/homelessness/2024/01/california-homeless-point-in-time-count-2024/\">more than 180,000 Californians have no place to call home\u003c/a>, and people are ending up on the streets faster than government agencies and nonprofits can get them into housing. Officials all over the state are turning to methods aimed at preventing homelessness before it happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LA County’s algorithm analyzes data from residents’ emergency room visits, jail stays, use of food assistance and more, and has sparked interest from Silicon Valley to San Diego. Final data on the program — which has roughly $26 million in federal COVID funds and is expected to end in 2026 — aren’t yet out. If it’s successful, it could have major implications for helping cities and counties spend their limited resources more efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we know who people are who unfortunately are going to have that experience, and they’re already county clients, it’s a real opportunity to do something early on in their lives to prevent that from happening,” said Dana Vanderford, associate director of homelessness prevention for LA County’s Department of Health Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978466\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978466\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dana Vanderford, Associate Director of Homelessness Prevention at Housing for Health at Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, in Los Angeles, on Feb. 29, 2024. \u003ccite>(Jules Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>How does artificial intelligence predict homelessness?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The idea started in 2019, when UCLA’s California Policy Lab began experimenting to see if it could use machine learning, combined with LA County data, to predict homelessness. Then, the county paired that with money to intervene before people ended up on the street — the program is predominantly funded with $26 million in COVID-era \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/american-rescue-plan/\">funds from the federal American Rescue Plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCLA researchers start with a list of 90,000 people who recently used services from the county’s Health Services or Mental Health departments. Using 580 factors, the computer ranks those people from 1 to 90,000 based on their risk of becoming homeless. The people deemed to be highest-risk tend to show up in emergency rooms and jails at high rates and have high usage of services such as CalFresh food benefits. However, the model considers many more data points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if people receive services in many different geographic areas, it could mean they’re couch surfing — bouncing from one precarious living situation to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You sort of let the computer learn what it finds to be predictive over time,” said Janey Rountree, executive director of the California Policy Lab at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To train the algorithm, the researchers showed it a list of people who became homeless along with the services they used before losing their housing. Then, they had the algorithm practice “predicting” homelessness using old data and checked to see if it was accurate. When they were satisfied, they started using it for real predictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How well does it work? Among the 90,000 people the researchers started with, 7% became homeless in 18 months. Among the 10,000 people the algorithm deemed to be the highest risk, 24% became homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they were targeting fewer people (say 1,000 instead of 10,000), it would be even more accurate, Rountree said. But social workers aren’t able to get in touch with many of the people on the list, and others don’t agree to participate in the aid program, so they have to cast a broader net.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Janey Rountree, executive director, UCLA’s California Policy Lab\"]‘You sort of let the computer learn what it finds to be predictive over time.’[/pullquote]Is a computer really better at guessing who will become homeless than human social workers trained in this work? Rountree says yes — 3.5 times better, to be exact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem with humans, she said, is that they’re biased toward the people they know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just human nature to want to help the people that you’re in contact with,” she said. “They all seem housing-unstable and at high risk. You want to help those individuals or those families in front of you. But not all of them are going to become homeless and be on the street or use shelter if they don’t get assistance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caseworkers also often prioritize people with lower needs, Rountree said. Someone who recently lost their job but otherwise is stable gets preference over someone facing ongoing struggles with their mental health or addiction because the stable person is easier to help. However, the stable person may not be the one who needs the help the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rountree said there’s also a belief that people with higher needs will not spend the money they’re given wisely. But AI doesn’t have that bias, so it ensures the money goes to those who need it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results are apparent. People the algorithm targets are much more likely to have been incarcerated, sought substance use treatment, had mental health issues or been hospitalized than the people who seek aid through LA County’s other homelessness prevention programs, Rountree said. In that way, this program fills a hole in LA County’s net of services, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LA County’s other, more traditional programs geared to prevent homelessness rely on people reaching out to request help or on caseworkers referring clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, they aren’t duplicating efforts. There’s almost no overlap between the people targeted by the AI algorithm and those served by traditional prevention programs, Vanderford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know there’s a significant population of folks, who if somebody doesn’t reach out to them to offer assistance, they might lose their housing right out from under them without reaching out for assistance themselves,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Then, a human steps in\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Four times a year, the Policy Lab researchers send LA County a list of residents the AI program has deemed most likely to become homeless. The county then mails those people letters, telling them they’ve been selected to participate in the program. After that, a social worker cold-calls them to tell them the good news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The person at the other end of the line is often convinced it’s a scam. After all, how often does someone legitimate call out of the blue to offer free money?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that happens, case worker Genice Brown usually asks if she can email them—a move she hopes lends a bit more credence to her pitch. Once she convinces them the program is real, nine out of 10 people agree to sign up, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978489\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978489\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genice Brown, a medical case worker with the Housing Stabilization and Homelessness Prevention Unit, in Los Angeles on Feb. 29, 2024. \u003ccite>(Jules Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Individuals enrolled in the program receive a base sum of either $4,000 or $6,000 (the amount is randomly assigned so researchers can assess the impacts of different amounts of money). Families start at $6,000 or $8,000, with larger families receiving more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown can use that money for whatever her clients need most. Usually, rent comes first, but it also can cover other bills. In addition, she helps connect her clients to doctors, dentists and mental health services. If they’re looking for work, Brown gets them gift cards for interview outfits, helps them with their resumes and role-plays interview questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She works with each client for three or four months.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I just really needed the help’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For 38-year-old Sandricka Henderson, help came just in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diagnosed with lupus at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Henderson could no longer work her physically demanding warehouse job. Disability benefits gave her barely more than $1,000 a month — just a quarter of what she made while she was working. With an 8-year-old son to support, Henderson found she was at least $400 behind on her bills every month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before Christmas last year, Henderson received a call from a woman offering free money. Henderson was sure it was a scam and braced for the woman to ask for her Social Security number.[aside label='More Stories on Artificial Intelligence' tag='artificial-intelligence']But the social worker (who turned out to be Genice Brown) didn’t, and Henderson eventually realized the program was real. The first thing Brown gave her was a $100 gift card to a local grocery store — a blessing, Henderson said because she had nothing in her refrigerator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after, Henderson’s landlord sent her a letter warning she had 10 days to pay her rent or be evicted. About a week later, Brown sent the rent money and helped Henderson avoid catastrophe. She also helped Henderson catch up on her car payment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Henderson no longer feels like she’s teetering on the edge of homelessness. She has some money in her savings account, and her rent is prepaid for several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just really needed the help,” Henderson said. Because she’s used to working hard and taking care of herself, she added, she never would have reached out and asked for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really did change my whole circumstances,” she said. “My son had a Christmas that I didn’t think I was going to be able to give him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The future of AI in homelessness services\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Throughout California, new people are becoming homeless faster than aid workers can find existing homeless residents housing. \u003ca href=\"https://destinationhomesv.org/community-plan/\">In Santa Clara County, for example, for every one homeless household that moved into housing last year, another 1.7 became newly homeless\u003c/a>, according to \u003ca href=\"https://destinationhomesv.org/who-we-are/\">Destination: Home, a Santa Clara County-based organization focused on ending homelessness\u003c/a>.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Consuelo Hernandez, director, LA County’s Office of Supportive Housing\"]‘Without having additional resources, what is the true benefit of knowing there are more people out there who are in need?’[/pullquote]The LA County team has met with government agencies from all over the country who are interested in its AI model, including Santa Clara and San Diego counties, Vanderford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County is working on a plan for homelessness prevention, Tim McClain, spokesman for the county’s Health and Human Services Agency, said in an email to CalMatters. He wouldn’t provide any additional updates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County met with the California Policy Lab earlier this year and hopes to schedule another informational meeting soon, said Consuelo Hernandez, director of the county’s Office of Supportive Housing. The county’s homelessness prevention program relies on humans triaging clients. If artificial intelligence can do that work more efficiently, it’s worth exploring, Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the end of the day, what they want is more money to help the people who already fill their queues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without having additional resources,” Hernandez said, “what is the true benefit of knowing there are more people out there who are in need?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You’ve likely heard about AI powering driverless cars, writing term papers and creating unsettling deep fakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can that same technology also prevent people from becoming homeless?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what Los Angeles County is trying to find out. Officials there are using \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/elections/2024/02/ai-elections-bill-package/\">AI technology\u003c/a> to predict who in the county is most likely to lose their housing — and then stepping in to help those people with their rent, utility bills, car payments and more.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It’s still an experimental strategy. But the program has served more than 700 clients since 2021, and 86% have retained their housing. It comes at a time when \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/homelessness/2024/01/california-homeless-point-in-time-count-2024/\">more than 180,000 Californians have no place to call home\u003c/a>, and people are ending up on the streets faster than government agencies and nonprofits can get them into housing. Officials all over the state are turning to methods aimed at preventing homelessness before it happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LA County’s algorithm analyzes data from residents’ emergency room visits, jail stays, use of food assistance and more, and has sparked interest from Silicon Valley to San Diego. Final data on the program — which has roughly $26 million in federal COVID funds and is expected to end in 2026 — aren’t yet out. If it’s successful, it could have major implications for helping cities and counties spend their limited resources more efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we know who people are who unfortunately are going to have that experience, and they’re already county clients, it’s a real opportunity to do something early on in their lives to prevent that from happening,” said Dana Vanderford, associate director of homelessness prevention for LA County’s Department of Health Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978466\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978466\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI02-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dana Vanderford, Associate Director of Homelessness Prevention at Housing for Health at Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, in Los Angeles, on Feb. 29, 2024. \u003ccite>(Jules Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>How does artificial intelligence predict homelessness?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The idea started in 2019, when UCLA’s California Policy Lab began experimenting to see if it could use machine learning, combined with LA County data, to predict homelessness. Then, the county paired that with money to intervene before people ended up on the street — the program is predominantly funded with $26 million in COVID-era \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/american-rescue-plan/\">funds from the federal American Rescue Plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCLA researchers start with a list of 90,000 people who recently used services from the county’s Health Services or Mental Health departments. Using 580 factors, the computer ranks those people from 1 to 90,000 based on their risk of becoming homeless. The people deemed to be highest-risk tend to show up in emergency rooms and jails at high rates and have high usage of services such as CalFresh food benefits. However, the model considers many more data points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if people receive services in many different geographic areas, it could mean they’re couch surfing — bouncing from one precarious living situation to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You sort of let the computer learn what it finds to be predictive over time,” said Janey Rountree, executive director of the California Policy Lab at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To train the algorithm, the researchers showed it a list of people who became homeless along with the services they used before losing their housing. Then, they had the algorithm practice “predicting” homelessness using old data and checked to see if it was accurate. When they were satisfied, they started using it for real predictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How well does it work? Among the 90,000 people the researchers started with, 7% became homeless in 18 months. Among the 10,000 people the algorithm deemed to be the highest risk, 24% became homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they were targeting fewer people (say 1,000 instead of 10,000), it would be even more accurate, Rountree said. But social workers aren’t able to get in touch with many of the people on the list, and others don’t agree to participate in the aid program, so they have to cast a broader net.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Is a computer really better at guessing who will become homeless than human social workers trained in this work? Rountree says yes — 3.5 times better, to be exact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem with humans, she said, is that they’re biased toward the people they know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just human nature to want to help the people that you’re in contact with,” she said. “They all seem housing-unstable and at high risk. You want to help those individuals or those families in front of you. But not all of them are going to become homeless and be on the street or use shelter if they don’t get assistance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caseworkers also often prioritize people with lower needs, Rountree said. Someone who recently lost their job but otherwise is stable gets preference over someone facing ongoing struggles with their mental health or addiction because the stable person is easier to help. However, the stable person may not be the one who needs the help the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rountree said there’s also a belief that people with higher needs will not spend the money they’re given wisely. But AI doesn’t have that bias, so it ensures the money goes to those who need it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results are apparent. People the algorithm targets are much more likely to have been incarcerated, sought substance use treatment, had mental health issues or been hospitalized than the people who seek aid through LA County’s other homelessness prevention programs, Rountree said. In that way, this program fills a hole in LA County’s net of services, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LA County’s other, more traditional programs geared to prevent homelessness rely on people reaching out to request help or on caseworkers referring clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, they aren’t duplicating efforts. There’s almost no overlap between the people targeted by the AI algorithm and those served by traditional prevention programs, Vanderford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know there’s a significant population of folks, who if somebody doesn’t reach out to them to offer assistance, they might lose their housing right out from under them without reaching out for assistance themselves,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Then, a human steps in\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Four times a year, the Policy Lab researchers send LA County a list of residents the AI program has deemed most likely to become homeless. The county then mails those people letters, telling them they’ve been selected to participate in the program. After that, a social worker cold-calls them to tell them the good news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The person at the other end of the line is often convinced it’s a scam. After all, how often does someone legitimate call out of the blue to offer free money?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that happens, case worker Genice Brown usually asks if she can email them—a move she hopes lends a bit more credence to her pitch. Once she convinces them the program is real, nine out of 10 people agree to sign up, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978489\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978489\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/CMHousingAI03-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genice Brown, a medical case worker with the Housing Stabilization and Homelessness Prevention Unit, in Los Angeles on Feb. 29, 2024. \u003ccite>(Jules Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Individuals enrolled in the program receive a base sum of either $4,000 or $6,000 (the amount is randomly assigned so researchers can assess the impacts of different amounts of money). Families start at $6,000 or $8,000, with larger families receiving more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown can use that money for whatever her clients need most. Usually, rent comes first, but it also can cover other bills. In addition, she helps connect her clients to doctors, dentists and mental health services. If they’re looking for work, Brown gets them gift cards for interview outfits, helps them with their resumes and role-plays interview questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She works with each client for three or four months.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I just really needed the help’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For 38-year-old Sandricka Henderson, help came just in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diagnosed with lupus at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Henderson could no longer work her physically demanding warehouse job. Disability benefits gave her barely more than $1,000 a month — just a quarter of what she made while she was working. With an 8-year-old son to support, Henderson found she was at least $400 behind on her bills every month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before Christmas last year, Henderson received a call from a woman offering free money. Henderson was sure it was a scam and braced for the woman to ask for her Social Security number.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But the social worker (who turned out to be Genice Brown) didn’t, and Henderson eventually realized the program was real. The first thing Brown gave her was a $100 gift card to a local grocery store — a blessing, Henderson said because she had nothing in her refrigerator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after, Henderson’s landlord sent her a letter warning she had 10 days to pay her rent or be evicted. About a week later, Brown sent the rent money and helped Henderson avoid catastrophe. She also helped Henderson catch up on her car payment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Henderson no longer feels like she’s teetering on the edge of homelessness. She has some money in her savings account, and her rent is prepaid for several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just really needed the help,” Henderson said. Because she’s used to working hard and taking care of herself, she added, she never would have reached out and asked for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really did change my whole circumstances,” she said. “My son had a Christmas that I didn’t think I was going to be able to give him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The future of AI in homelessness services\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Throughout California, new people are becoming homeless faster than aid workers can find existing homeless residents housing. \u003ca href=\"https://destinationhomesv.org/community-plan/\">In Santa Clara County, for example, for every one homeless household that moved into housing last year, another 1.7 became newly homeless\u003c/a>, according to \u003ca href=\"https://destinationhomesv.org/who-we-are/\">Destination: Home, a Santa Clara County-based organization focused on ending homelessness\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The LA County team has met with government agencies from all over the country who are interested in its AI model, including Santa Clara and San Diego counties, Vanderford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County is working on a plan for homelessness prevention, Tim McClain, spokesman for the county’s Health and Human Services Agency, said in an email to CalMatters. He wouldn’t provide any additional updates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County met with the California Policy Lab earlier this year and hopes to schedule another informational meeting soon, said Consuelo Hernandez, director of the county’s Office of Supportive Housing. The county’s homelessness prevention program relies on humans triaging clients. If artificial intelligence can do that work more efficiently, it’s worth exploring, Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the end of the day, what they want is more money to help the people who already fill their queues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without having additional resources,” Hernandez said, “what is the true benefit of knowing there are more people out there who are in need?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we head into the 2024 election, voters will have to navigate a slew of disinformation created by AI, like deep fakes and robocalls. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11972097/our-first-election-supercharged-by-artificial-intelligence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">this episode of KQED’s Political Breakdown\u003c/a>, Scott Shafer speaks to Jonathan Mehta Stein, executive director of California Common Cause, to discuss the threats AI could pose to our election process and efforts to regulate it in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"embed-code\" class=\"inconsolata\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC3255929889&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra, and welcome to the Bay. Local news to keep you rooted. So imagine it’s election day. Maybe you’re getting ready to vote in person, and then you get a fake phone call that says your polling location has changed. Robo calls and deep fakes are some of the ways artificial intelligence can create confusion during an election year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>And now some are calling on the California State Legislature to regulate this technology. Today, we’re bringing you an episode from our colleagues at the Political Breakdown podcast, KQED. Scott Shafer: speaks to Jonathan Mehta Stein, head of Common Cause, which is leading efforts to regulate AI. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>And welcome back to Political Breakdown. I’m Scott Shafer, and as we enter this critical election year, we’re going to be paying a lot of attention here on the podcast to threats to our democracy and specifically threats to election integrity. And to help us understand the threats posed by things like artificial intelligence or AI and what California and the nation need to do urgently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>We’ve invited someone who’s been thinking a lot about this and whose organization is proposing some solutions. Jonathan Mehta Stein: is executive director of California Common Cause. They just launched a new project called the California Initiative for Technology and Democracy, cited for short. Jonathan, welcome to Political Breakdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Thanks for having me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Well, let me begin with that initiative. Tell us a little bit about it. First of all, is it a nonprofit organization and what is it going to be doing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Right now, it’s a project of California Common Cause, which has worked on voting rights, redistricting, money in politics, a full suite of democracy issues for many, many years. And we just realized that working on a full suite of democracy issues in this digital era would be incomplete if we weren’t tackling the threats posed to our democracy by AI, disinformation, deepfakes, and so forth. So we are, beginning a critical election year, and it will probably be the first AI election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>What I mean by that is that generative AI, deepfakes, fake audio, fake video, fake images, fake text will be inundating our information ecosystem. We’re already seeing some of this. We’ve seen disinformation have passed. Certainly that’s not new. But what we’re seeing now is disinformation turbocharged by new technological tools that allow anybody foreign states, non-state actors, online trolls, campaigns themselves to put out incredibly convincing content meant to deceive voters or destabilize elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>And we’ve already seeing it. The Slovakian presidential election was impacted by deepfakes. The Bangladeshi, presidential election, impacted by deepfakes, were beginning to see it in some elections and in the United States. There’s a DeSantis campaign ad in the Republican primary with a fake photo, a deep fake photo of Trump hugging Fauci. There’s other examples from within the United States, and the American public is just not ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Going back to those, foreign elections in those two countries you mentioned. Do you have a sense of who was behind that and why? I mean, do you I mean, because I saw as you were describing that, I’m thinking, oh, that’s just like a little pilot project. It’s on a test it out somewhere where no one’s paying attention before we bring it to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>So to give you an example, in the Slovakian presidential election, shortly before Election Day, fake audio emerged of one of the two presidential candidates saying, actually, one very serious thing and one what we might think of a silly thing, the very serious thing was that they were attempting to rig the election. The silly thing was they was planning on raising taxes on beer. But both clearly, you know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Important to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>That’s right. Yeah. And both clearly were meant to destabilize and to influence voters. The intent really I think is, is they’re it’s a dry run in many respects for bigger elections occurring around the world this year. And then ultimately in November, the presidential count in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>So what you mentioned earlier, the deep fakes, this turbocharging of, misinformation, disinformation, give us a like a 1 or 2 concrete examples of how that might look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Right. So a, a deep fake targeting a candidate is relatively straightforward. We just mentioned examples of, the DeSantis campaign or this instance from Slovakia. You might think of, for example, a deepfake of Joe Biden falling down the stairs of Air Force One to make him look silly. That’s, I guess playful. That’s a bad word for it. But there’s much more dangerous stuff out there\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>So imagine a robo call in Joe Biden’s voice going to millions of voters on the eve of election, telling them their voting locations have changed. Or right. If we move on and move out of the realm of candidates and into things that can destabilize trust in elections, imagine a fake video of an elections official, quote unquote, caught on tape saying that their voting machines can be hacked, or that vote by mail ballots are not secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>If you are a conspiracy theorist trying to attack the legitimacy of American elections, you can create confirmatory evidence false, but confirmatory evidence that everyone else will believe with a few clicks of a button. These things are really easy to produce in the modern era. The barriers to entry are really low and the costs are near zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>And so I want to come back to some of those specifics, but the the idea of this initiative is to do what work with lawmakers in Sacramento to come up with some guardrails, some regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Because this technology is so new, there is no well-developed policy field teeming with solutions and experts that can help policymakers move in this area. So cited. The California Initiative for Technology and Democracy is an attempt to bring together tech leaders, finance, VC law, public policy, communications, campaign folks, experts from a variety of fields to build an. Interdisciplinary hub of expertise that can advise lawmakers and regulators as they attempt to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Why are we doing this in California? Because Congress isn’t able to take meaningful action to protect our democracy in this moment. And so it turns to California to lead the country. We’ve done this before in the past. Look at data privacy, where our bill is now being recreated in other states. Look at automobile emissions, where our choices drove nationwide change. We can lead this issue in California. We just need Sacramento to build out its.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>So you’re talking about yeah creating this like think tank kind of thing to help advise lawmakers. But you know you can easily imagine just take tech different agendas. I mean, how are you going to get people to agree on what the regulations should be or even what the issues are?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>That’s true in every major policy field, right? You’re going to have a variety of stakeholders who are all going to have really strongly held views. We have to bring everybody into the process. This has to be a joint effort, including the tech companies, including the legislature, including civil society, including national experts who frankly don’t have all that much going on at Congress right now and are really happy to help California figure out the way, this is going to take a group and as I really importantly, interdisciplinary effort in order to get this done right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>You know, yes, we are in the age of AI now. But, you know, the Obama campaign in 2008 was very, insightful and using cutting edge at the time, technology to reach voters, using text messages and that sort of thing. Obviously, Donald Trump, used it in 2016. So are you just saying this is part of an evolution or are we in a whole new era?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>I would say we’re in a whole new era. The fact of the matter is that that disinformation, those tech tools were really, really effective at helping people reach voters. And that’s that’s actually a useful and positive function for AI going forward. I think there are good, absolutely positive uses of AI in this space, including helping elections officials find new efficiencies in election administration, helping under-resourced campaigns reach voters more effectively, helping GOtv efforts, target voters more effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>So we don’t want to disrupt any of that, but the ability to deceive voters and to destabilize our information ecosystems is a quantum leap from anything we have seen in past elections. And the real fear, Scott, is that people will begin to not know what. Images, audio, text that they can trust and they retrench into tribalism. They say, I’m going to start believing everything that confirms my biases, and I’m going to reject as fake anything that challenges them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Yeah. And of course, we’re living now in this media ecosystem where, you know, maybe in the past and media organizations would debunk things right away. We can’t really count on that. In this, in this moment that we’re in, you say in this white paper that you recently published, Jonathan, about this problem that you’re describing, with AI, etc., is really extremely, most extreme, particularly extreme at the state level as opposed to the national level. Why do you say that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Right. So the white paper is called Democracy on Edge in the Digital Age Protecting Democracy in California in the era of AI powered disinformation and unregulated social media. The reason why it’s particularly extreme in California or in the state level is because at the federal level, we have a number of major institutions in civil society, nonprofits and think tanks and so forth that have invested themselves in building this expertise over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>And at the state level, you have a emaciated, policymaking, a regulatory infrastructure that can assist policymakers. Now, that may sound curious in California, where we may.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>It that’s like an interesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Word. We have this enormous amount of Tex-Mex expertise in California, right, that the the tech companies that have driven so much innovation and so much productivity are located here. The tools that are posing a threat to our democracy in March were created here. And yet policymakers in Sacramento most often have to go to the tech industries, trade industry associations and its lobbyists when it has questions about regulating the tech industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>And too often the answer is that self-regulation will solve the problem. So what we need in California, and frankly, we need in every state but California has the opportunity to lead, is beginning to build this interdisciplinary expertise that can provide unbiased expertise to lawmakers as they try to take positive action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Does that word unbiased trouble you at all? Because we all have biases, right? And, you know, I just wonder, I mean, I don’t know who’s who’s choosing the people that are going to be part of this. Maybe it’s you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>It’s a great point. What we mean by unbiased is. Informed by the tech industries, business models and needs, but independent of industry and not beholden to any private stakeholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>But some of them will be from the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Absolutely. Part of our advisory councils include former and current tech executives who can advise us on how to get regulation right, but they’re balanced by law school deans and civil rights experts and campaign professionals, and a whole host of other folks that can create that interdisciplinary aspect we’re looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>What do you think we’ve learned from the regulation or lack of regulation or self-regulation of social media? You know, things like Facebook and Twitter that can be applied or need to be applied right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>It’s such a great question. We are accustomed in this country to the idea that if you as an industry, create products that are a danger in some way to us, as productive or helpful as they may be, they pose a danger to us in some way. The airline industry, the pharmaceutical industry, any, food production makers of home electronics. They are accustomed to regulation, inspection, testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>They have to make sure that their products are good for people, or at least won’t harm them before they go to market. With tech, there is no similar expectation from the industry, from government or from the public. It is time, I think it is clear. It is time for the era of totally unregulated tech to come to an end and for the industry, for government and for civil society to work together to figure out the best way to use these tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>There is data upon data at this point showing, for example, teen mental health is being disastrously affected by social media platforms. No one is looking at those impacts and how to mitigate them. Before products are released. We have to look. We have to reexamine our assumptions in this area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>You are you often hear I’ve heard Governor Newsom say, well, we have to have regulations, but we don’t want to stifle innovation. So how do you thread that needle?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>There’s a lot of needles to thread in this particular case. We have to balance the limitations of section 230 at the federal level. We have to balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>What is that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Section 230 at the fed is a federal law says that it was a choice made in the 90s by Congress that says that tech platforms or social media platforms cannot be held accountable for what is posted on their platform. So if you run a blogging site and I put on your blogging site instructions on how to make a bomb, I would be the one held accountable, not you. You are just a platform. Okay, well, what that means is you can’t hold even in state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>You can’t hold tech in the tech industry or social media platforms accountable for disinformation or hate or whatever the case may be. You encourage them to moderate that stuff or to fact check that stuff, but you can’t hold them accountable. So that takes a whole set of tools off the table. The First Amendment requires us to respect free speech. And then there’s innovation. We really don’t want to. I mean, Governor Newsome is right about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>We don’t want to stifle innovation. And there are ways, as I mentioned earlier, that I can be used to actually make elections more effective or to make GOtv more effective. So we have to figure out how to walk through this very complicated obstacle course. And the white paper released last week is actually providing that road map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>We love to say California is, you know, as Newsom says, you know, this is where the coming attractions for the rest of the country, right? And nobody knows anything until we do it. But I’m wondering, are there things and you do mention in the white paper, like, I think Texas, Michigan, maybe there are things happening in other states. And then there’s the EU, the European Union, which is really much more aggressive on these kinds of things, not just on tech, but all kinds of consumer related things. What are you learning? What is there to learn from there?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>EU the EU is really where everyone should be looking for the most thoughtful, policymaking in this area. They are years ahead of the United States. I can speak to what’s going on in other states, but, by and large, what the states are looking at right now is, prohibition on political deepfakes. Usually targeting candidates because politicians are the ones passing these bills, and they’re most sensitive to deepfakes that target them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>And so, what we’re seeing coming out of the states is you can ban or you can label political deepfakes that target candidates within a certain amount of time before an election. The EU is doing something or attempting to do things that are considerably more sophisticated and considerably more robust. And one idea that they really like is, and will make part of the AI act is requiring generative AI platforms to embed within their AI tools, provenance markers, which is sometimes called watermarking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>The idea that if they create, let’s say, a synthetic, that’s a nicer way of saying fake video, the user who reads it or views it should be able to click on, an embedded link or something of that kind that shows them what AI tool created. This will confirm, first of all, that it’s synthetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Wouldn’t it be better just automatically have that pop up? You’re asking people to to take an extra step?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Absolutely, yes. So there’s a lot of ways that you can handle this. One way that we’re interested in is, creating the best possible watermarking. So you have this information about where a video was created, who created what tools were used in creating it, available to the viewer immediately. But there are concerns about visible watermarks putting something on the surface of an image or a video because they can be photoshopped off, but then even more worryingly, they can be photoshopped on to real content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>And then, so, suspicion about a real video or real image. And so what we’re interested in is, imperceptible embedded metadata in a generative AI content. And then using that watermark, will require social media companies to flag for their users posts that include an image or video or text that has, as they know, because of the watermark they know has been synthetically created or it’s inauthentic or fake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Jonathan, so much of what you’re saying and what you’ve written in this white paper is terrifying, basically. And I’m wondering what gives you hope or what would what which would give us hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>This problem has existed for many, many years. Social media has been largely unregulated. It has been, I think, declining in terms of the quality of democratic discourse in those spaces. We’re seeing more and more evidence that it’s impacting our wellbeing and our mental health, particularly among teens and teen girls. We’re finally at a moment where there is a critical mass, and critical interest in taking action. So we have an opportunity. That’s what gives me hope. We have an opportunity to take action for the very first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>And, you know, here we are. It’s January 2024. We have a primary in March, a big election in November. Is it possible but also necessary to get some of this done by then before then?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Yes and yes. And one of the things that aids us is the fact that the public is wildly in support of taking action. So there was a poll from the Berkeley Institute. Yes, yeah, from IGS in November that showed that 84% of Californians indicate that they are concerned about the problem, about about the impact AI and disinformation may have on this year’s elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>And that includes over three fourths of every possible group men and women, all regions, all races, all ages, and importantly, all political parties. And a similarly enormous majority of Californians think it is the responsibility. That’s a, quote, the responsibility of state government to take action to fight back these threats. You don’t see unanimity like that on any issue in America today. We have the public behind us. Yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>All right. Well, thank you so much for flagging all of this and working on it. And I think we all, based on your poll results, we all are three quarters of us. Anyway, really hope you’re successful this year. And, you know, the sooner the better. Thank you so much for joining us. Jonathan Mehta Stein: from California common cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Thanks, Scott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>That was Scott Shafer, host of KQED Political Breakdown podcast, which is now daily, by the way. Speaking to Jonathan Mehta Stein with Common Cause. This episode was engineered by Jim Bennett and produced by Juan Carlos Lara and Izzy Bloom. And I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra. Thanks for listening. Talk to you Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we head into the 2024 election, voters will have to navigate a slew of disinformation created by AI, like deep fakes and robocalls. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11972097/our-first-election-supercharged-by-artificial-intelligence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">this episode of KQED’s Political Breakdown\u003c/a>, Scott Shafer speaks to Jonathan Mehta Stein, executive director of California Common Cause, to discuss the threats AI could pose to our election process and efforts to regulate it in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"embed-code\" class=\"inconsolata\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC3255929889&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-content post-body\">\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra, and welcome to the Bay. Local news to keep you rooted. So imagine it’s election day. Maybe you’re getting ready to vote in person, and then you get a fake phone call that says your polling location has changed. Robo calls and deep fakes are some of the ways artificial intelligence can create confusion during an election year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>And now some are calling on the California State Legislature to regulate this technology. Today, we’re bringing you an episode from our colleagues at the Political Breakdown podcast, KQED. Scott Shafer: speaks to Jonathan Mehta Stein, head of Common Cause, which is leading efforts to regulate AI. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>And welcome back to Political Breakdown. I’m Scott Shafer, and as we enter this critical election year, we’re going to be paying a lot of attention here on the podcast to threats to our democracy and specifically threats to election integrity. And to help us understand the threats posed by things like artificial intelligence or AI and what California and the nation need to do urgently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>We’ve invited someone who’s been thinking a lot about this and whose organization is proposing some solutions. Jonathan Mehta Stein: is executive director of California Common Cause. They just launched a new project called the California Initiative for Technology and Democracy, cited for short. Jonathan, welcome to Political Breakdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Thanks for having me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Well, let me begin with that initiative. Tell us a little bit about it. First of all, is it a nonprofit organization and what is it going to be doing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Right now, it’s a project of California Common Cause, which has worked on voting rights, redistricting, money in politics, a full suite of democracy issues for many, many years. And we just realized that working on a full suite of democracy issues in this digital era would be incomplete if we weren’t tackling the threats posed to our democracy by AI, disinformation, deepfakes, and so forth. So we are, beginning a critical election year, and it will probably be the first AI election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>What I mean by that is that generative AI, deepfakes, fake audio, fake video, fake images, fake text will be inundating our information ecosystem. We’re already seeing some of this. We’ve seen disinformation have passed. Certainly that’s not new. But what we’re seeing now is disinformation turbocharged by new technological tools that allow anybody foreign states, non-state actors, online trolls, campaigns themselves to put out incredibly convincing content meant to deceive voters or destabilize elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>And we’ve already seeing it. The Slovakian presidential election was impacted by deepfakes. The Bangladeshi, presidential election, impacted by deepfakes, were beginning to see it in some elections and in the United States. There’s a DeSantis campaign ad in the Republican primary with a fake photo, a deep fake photo of Trump hugging Fauci. There’s other examples from within the United States, and the American public is just not ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Going back to those, foreign elections in those two countries you mentioned. Do you have a sense of who was behind that and why? I mean, do you I mean, because I saw as you were describing that, I’m thinking, oh, that’s just like a little pilot project. It’s on a test it out somewhere where no one’s paying attention before we bring it to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>So to give you an example, in the Slovakian presidential election, shortly before Election Day, fake audio emerged of one of the two presidential candidates saying, actually, one very serious thing and one what we might think of a silly thing, the very serious thing was that they were attempting to rig the election. The silly thing was they was planning on raising taxes on beer. But both clearly, you know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Important to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>That’s right. Yeah. And both clearly were meant to destabilize and to influence voters. The intent really I think is, is they’re it’s a dry run in many respects for bigger elections occurring around the world this year. And then ultimately in November, the presidential count in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>So what you mentioned earlier, the deep fakes, this turbocharging of, misinformation, disinformation, give us a like a 1 or 2 concrete examples of how that might look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Right. So a, a deep fake targeting a candidate is relatively straightforward. We just mentioned examples of, the DeSantis campaign or this instance from Slovakia. You might think of, for example, a deepfake of Joe Biden falling down the stairs of Air Force One to make him look silly. That’s, I guess playful. That’s a bad word for it. But there’s much more dangerous stuff out there\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>So imagine a robo call in Joe Biden’s voice going to millions of voters on the eve of election, telling them their voting locations have changed. Or right. If we move on and move out of the realm of candidates and into things that can destabilize trust in elections, imagine a fake video of an elections official, quote unquote, caught on tape saying that their voting machines can be hacked, or that vote by mail ballots are not secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>If you are a conspiracy theorist trying to attack the legitimacy of American elections, you can create confirmatory evidence false, but confirmatory evidence that everyone else will believe with a few clicks of a button. These things are really easy to produce in the modern era. The barriers to entry are really low and the costs are near zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>And so I want to come back to some of those specifics, but the the idea of this initiative is to do what work with lawmakers in Sacramento to come up with some guardrails, some regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Because this technology is so new, there is no well-developed policy field teeming with solutions and experts that can help policymakers move in this area. So cited. The California Initiative for Technology and Democracy is an attempt to bring together tech leaders, finance, VC law, public policy, communications, campaign folks, experts from a variety of fields to build an. Interdisciplinary hub of expertise that can advise lawmakers and regulators as they attempt to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Why are we doing this in California? Because Congress isn’t able to take meaningful action to protect our democracy in this moment. And so it turns to California to lead the country. We’ve done this before in the past. Look at data privacy, where our bill is now being recreated in other states. Look at automobile emissions, where our choices drove nationwide change. We can lead this issue in California. We just need Sacramento to build out its.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>So you’re talking about yeah creating this like think tank kind of thing to help advise lawmakers. But you know you can easily imagine just take tech different agendas. I mean, how are you going to get people to agree on what the regulations should be or even what the issues are?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>That’s true in every major policy field, right? You’re going to have a variety of stakeholders who are all going to have really strongly held views. We have to bring everybody into the process. This has to be a joint effort, including the tech companies, including the legislature, including civil society, including national experts who frankly don’t have all that much going on at Congress right now and are really happy to help California figure out the way, this is going to take a group and as I really importantly, interdisciplinary effort in order to get this done right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>You know, yes, we are in the age of AI now. But, you know, the Obama campaign in 2008 was very, insightful and using cutting edge at the time, technology to reach voters, using text messages and that sort of thing. Obviously, Donald Trump, used it in 2016. So are you just saying this is part of an evolution or are we in a whole new era?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>I would say we’re in a whole new era. The fact of the matter is that that disinformation, those tech tools were really, really effective at helping people reach voters. And that’s that’s actually a useful and positive function for AI going forward. I think there are good, absolutely positive uses of AI in this space, including helping elections officials find new efficiencies in election administration, helping under-resourced campaigns reach voters more effectively, helping GOtv efforts, target voters more effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>So we don’t want to disrupt any of that, but the ability to deceive voters and to destabilize our information ecosystems is a quantum leap from anything we have seen in past elections. And the real fear, Scott, is that people will begin to not know what. Images, audio, text that they can trust and they retrench into tribalism. They say, I’m going to start believing everything that confirms my biases, and I’m going to reject as fake anything that challenges them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Yeah. And of course, we’re living now in this media ecosystem where, you know, maybe in the past and media organizations would debunk things right away. We can’t really count on that. In this, in this moment that we’re in, you say in this white paper that you recently published, Jonathan, about this problem that you’re describing, with AI, etc., is really extremely, most extreme, particularly extreme at the state level as opposed to the national level. Why do you say that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Right. So the white paper is called Democracy on Edge in the Digital Age Protecting Democracy in California in the era of AI powered disinformation and unregulated social media. The reason why it’s particularly extreme in California or in the state level is because at the federal level, we have a number of major institutions in civil society, nonprofits and think tanks and so forth that have invested themselves in building this expertise over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>And at the state level, you have a emaciated, policymaking, a regulatory infrastructure that can assist policymakers. Now, that may sound curious in California, where we may.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>It that’s like an interesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Word. We have this enormous amount of Tex-Mex expertise in California, right, that the the tech companies that have driven so much innovation and so much productivity are located here. The tools that are posing a threat to our democracy in March were created here. And yet policymakers in Sacramento most often have to go to the tech industries, trade industry associations and its lobbyists when it has questions about regulating the tech industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>And too often the answer is that self-regulation will solve the problem. So what we need in California, and frankly, we need in every state but California has the opportunity to lead, is beginning to build this interdisciplinary expertise that can provide unbiased expertise to lawmakers as they try to take positive action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Does that word unbiased trouble you at all? Because we all have biases, right? And, you know, I just wonder, I mean, I don’t know who’s who’s choosing the people that are going to be part of this. Maybe it’s you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>It’s a great point. What we mean by unbiased is. Informed by the tech industries, business models and needs, but independent of industry and not beholden to any private stakeholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>But some of them will be from the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Absolutely. Part of our advisory councils include former and current tech executives who can advise us on how to get regulation right, but they’re balanced by law school deans and civil rights experts and campaign professionals, and a whole host of other folks that can create that interdisciplinary aspect we’re looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>What do you think we’ve learned from the regulation or lack of regulation or self-regulation of social media? You know, things like Facebook and Twitter that can be applied or need to be applied right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>It’s such a great question. We are accustomed in this country to the idea that if you as an industry, create products that are a danger in some way to us, as productive or helpful as they may be, they pose a danger to us in some way. The airline industry, the pharmaceutical industry, any, food production makers of home electronics. They are accustomed to regulation, inspection, testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>They have to make sure that their products are good for people, or at least won’t harm them before they go to market. With tech, there is no similar expectation from the industry, from government or from the public. It is time, I think it is clear. It is time for the era of totally unregulated tech to come to an end and for the industry, for government and for civil society to work together to figure out the best way to use these tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>There is data upon data at this point showing, for example, teen mental health is being disastrously affected by social media platforms. No one is looking at those impacts and how to mitigate them. Before products are released. We have to look. We have to reexamine our assumptions in this area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>You are you often hear I’ve heard Governor Newsom say, well, we have to have regulations, but we don’t want to stifle innovation. So how do you thread that needle?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>There’s a lot of needles to thread in this particular case. We have to balance the limitations of section 230 at the federal level. We have to balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>What is that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Section 230 at the fed is a federal law says that it was a choice made in the 90s by Congress that says that tech platforms or social media platforms cannot be held accountable for what is posted on their platform. So if you run a blogging site and I put on your blogging site instructions on how to make a bomb, I would be the one held accountable, not you. You are just a platform. Okay, well, what that means is you can’t hold even in state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>You can’t hold tech in the tech industry or social media platforms accountable for disinformation or hate or whatever the case may be. You encourage them to moderate that stuff or to fact check that stuff, but you can’t hold them accountable. So that takes a whole set of tools off the table. The First Amendment requires us to respect free speech. And then there’s innovation. We really don’t want to. I mean, Governor Newsome is right about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>We don’t want to stifle innovation. And there are ways, as I mentioned earlier, that I can be used to actually make elections more effective or to make GOtv more effective. So we have to figure out how to walk through this very complicated obstacle course. And the white paper released last week is actually providing that road map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>We love to say California is, you know, as Newsom says, you know, this is where the coming attractions for the rest of the country, right? And nobody knows anything until we do it. But I’m wondering, are there things and you do mention in the white paper, like, I think Texas, Michigan, maybe there are things happening in other states. And then there’s the EU, the European Union, which is really much more aggressive on these kinds of things, not just on tech, but all kinds of consumer related things. What are you learning? What is there to learn from there?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>EU the EU is really where everyone should be looking for the most thoughtful, policymaking in this area. They are years ahead of the United States. I can speak to what’s going on in other states, but, by and large, what the states are looking at right now is, prohibition on political deepfakes. Usually targeting candidates because politicians are the ones passing these bills, and they’re most sensitive to deepfakes that target them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>And so, what we’re seeing coming out of the states is you can ban or you can label political deepfakes that target candidates within a certain amount of time before an election. The EU is doing something or attempting to do things that are considerably more sophisticated and considerably more robust. And one idea that they really like is, and will make part of the AI act is requiring generative AI platforms to embed within their AI tools, provenance markers, which is sometimes called watermarking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>The idea that if they create, let’s say, a synthetic, that’s a nicer way of saying fake video, the user who reads it or views it should be able to click on, an embedded link or something of that kind that shows them what AI tool created. This will confirm, first of all, that it’s synthetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Wouldn’t it be better just automatically have that pop up? You’re asking people to to take an extra step?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Absolutely, yes. So there’s a lot of ways that you can handle this. One way that we’re interested in is, creating the best possible watermarking. So you have this information about where a video was created, who created what tools were used in creating it, available to the viewer immediately. But there are concerns about visible watermarks putting something on the surface of an image or a video because they can be photoshopped off, but then even more worryingly, they can be photoshopped on to real content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>And then, so, suspicion about a real video or real image. And so what we’re interested in is, imperceptible embedded metadata in a generative AI content. And then using that watermark, will require social media companies to flag for their users posts that include an image or video or text that has, as they know, because of the watermark they know has been synthetically created or it’s inauthentic or fake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>Jonathan, so much of what you’re saying and what you’ve written in this white paper is terrifying, basically. And I’m wondering what gives you hope or what would what which would give us hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>This problem has existed for many, many years. Social media has been largely unregulated. It has been, I think, declining in terms of the quality of democratic discourse in those spaces. We’re seeing more and more evidence that it’s impacting our wellbeing and our mental health, particularly among teens and teen girls. We’re finally at a moment where there is a critical mass, and critical interest in taking action. So we have an opportunity. That’s what gives me hope. We have an opportunity to take action for the very first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>And, you know, here we are. It’s January 2024. We have a primary in March, a big election in November. Is it possible but also necessary to get some of this done by then before then?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Yes and yes. And one of the things that aids us is the fact that the public is wildly in support of taking action. So there was a poll from the Berkeley Institute. Yes, yeah, from IGS in November that showed that 84% of Californians indicate that they are concerned about the problem, about about the impact AI and disinformation may have on this year’s elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>And that includes over three fourths of every possible group men and women, all regions, all races, all ages, and importantly, all political parties. And a similarly enormous majority of Californians think it is the responsibility. That’s a, quote, the responsibility of state government to take action to fight back these threats. You don’t see unanimity like that on any issue in America today. We have the public behind us. Yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer: \u003c/strong>All right. Well, thank you so much for flagging all of this and working on it. And I think we all, based on your poll results, we all are three quarters of us. Anyway, really hope you’re successful this year. And, you know, the sooner the better. Thank you so much for joining us. Jonathan Mehta Stein: from California common cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Mehta Stein: \u003c/strong>Thanks, Scott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>That was Scott Shafer, host of KQED Political Breakdown podcast, which is now daily, by the way. Speaking to Jonathan Mehta Stein with Common Cause. This episode was engineered by Jim Bennett and produced by Juan Carlos Lara and Izzy Bloom. And I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra. Thanks for listening. Talk to you Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>"
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"soldout": {
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