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"content": "\u003cp>California legislators return from summer recess on Monday, and among the bills they’re considering are several that, piece by piece, aim to regulate generative \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/artificial-intelligence\">artificial intelligence\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six such bills go before the crucial \u003ca href=\"https://sapro.senate.ca.gov/agenda\">Senate Appropriations Committee\u003c/a> on Monday, and all are expected to be moved to the “suspense file,” meaning the committee will take up their fates on Aug. 15. Lawmakers are optimistic about their chances; none have inspired the same level of industry backlash as SB 1047 by Sen. Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco), which is headed to the Assembly Appropriations Committee later this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just need to do the right thing,” said \u003ca href=\"https://a16.asmdc.org/2024-legislation\">Assemblymember Rebecca Bauer-Kahan\u003c/a> (D-Orinda), who chairs the Assembly’s Privacy and Consumer Protection Committee. She is pushing four AI bills this year, including \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1836\">AB 1836\u003c/a>, which would prohibit using “digital replicas” of a dead person in an expressive audiovisual work or sound recording without prior consent, and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2930\">AB 2930\u003c/a>, which would prohibit the use of automated decision tools that pose a “reasonable risk” of algorithmic discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the lawmakers are there. The public is there. This is polling at astronomical rates. Communities want to be protected from the risks of AI. And so we’re going to do it,” Bauer-Kahan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent poll by the Pew Research Center found\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/08/28/most-americans-havent-used-chatgpt-few-think-it-will-have-a-major-impact-on-their-job/\"> that 67% of Americans familiar with chatbots like ChatGPT\u003c/a> are more worried that government regulations will not go far enough than that they will go too far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bauer-Kahan added that California lawmakers are open to industry input on their bills and that Silicon Valley knows \u003cem>something\u003c/em> is likely to hit Gov. Gavin Newsom’s desk before this legislative session is over. It’s just a question of what, exactly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they understand that the public and lawmakers are not going to go for another go-round of no regulation,” Bauer-Kahan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Industry responses to California bills are all over the place\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California dominates the\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/lists/ai50/?sh=555db8aa290f\"> Forbes AI 50 list\u003c/a>. San Francisco alone is home to 20 of what Forbes considers the most promising privately held AI companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, Silicon Valley lobbying groups have not aired their concerns about the California bills outside of Sacramento — with one notable exception: Wiener’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11976097/california-lawmakers-take-on-ai-regulation-with-a-host-of-bills\">SB 1047\u003c/a>, which has inspired\u003ca href=\"https://static.politico.com/95/0a/a317efe44616af436ce6a4f32647/founder-led-statement-on-sb1047-june-20-2024-2.pdf\"> open letters\u003c/a> warning gravely that it “could inadvertently threaten the vibrancy of California’s technology economy.” Regardless, that bill is still in the running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the bills enjoy strong or qualified tech industry group support, including \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2355\">AB 2355\u003c/a>, which would require labeling of political ads made with generative AI, and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839\">AB 2839\u003c/a>, which would prohibit misleading election season communications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big-name venture capitalists fighting AI regulation at the state and national levels have claimed they’re\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2024/05/30/little-tech-startup-washington-00160815\"> worried about the little guys\u003c/a> in the AI ecosystem. But AI Tech is not a monolith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The AI revolution is already underway, and it’s as likely to be happening at your local bike store as it is with the Microsoft products on your desk,” said Morgan Reed, president of the App Association, which represents the companies that make smartphone apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of federal regulation, Reed said state lawmakers are attempting to flood the field. Something on the order of 500 bills is pending across the country, he estimated, and he said lawmakers of all stripes need to think about the tiny AI tech deployers as well as the big developers like Google, Apple and Meta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tiny companies can have millions of records. And in that case, they’re handling millions of Californians’ data. And they need to take that just as seriously as a really large company,” Reed added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California is not in the lead vis-a-vis AI legislation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While California has historically taken the global lead in some forms of comprehensive regulation, such as with air pollution and privacy, the same can’t be said when it comes to AI regulation. Other states, like Colorado, and regions, like the European Union, have moved ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside postID=news_11995878 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/008_SanFrancisco_Housing_07292021_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In light of federal inaction, we have a piecemeal approach because each state is moving legislation along separately,” said Stanford professor Daniel Ho, who focuses on the intersection of law, political science and computer science. Even at the state level in California, he said, the “attempts to plug all sorts of different holes … are not quite the kind of comprehensive approach that you’re seeing in something like the EU AI act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado, experts say, tried to model its state legislation after the European Union’s AI Act. The state’s new law, which is set to go into effect in 2026, aims to protect the public from bias or discrimination embedded in AI systems and to set guardrails to make sure the technology is used ethically. The law also addresses many of the issues individual bills in California attempt to address one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The philosophical approach underpinning most attempts at regulation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“AI is not a thing like a train or even a railway system, right?” said Ryan Calo, a professor at the University of Washington School of Law who is co-director of the UW Tech Policy Lab. “It’s best understood as a set of techniques that are aimed at approximating some aspect of human or animal cognition using machines. So you can’t regulate AI as such.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the legislation is comprehensive, like Colorado’s, or piecemeal, like California’s, Calo explained, lawmakers are looking to dial in on how the use of the software impacts consumers and citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So there may be certain things like \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitalinformationworld.com/2024/05/researchers-from-google-deepmind-found.html\">emotional manipulation\u003c/a>, or trampling on human rights, that are just not allowed,” Calo said, explaining the kind of harm or impact that lawmakers could explicitly prohibit. A second tier of legislation could focus on closely regulating software uses that have the potential to damage consumers, perhaps reducing their access to employment or healthcare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Calo said, “There may be a third tier of things like spell check, Spotify playlists that may be subject to very little regulation at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California legislators return from summer recess on Monday, and among the bills they’re considering are several that, piece by piece, aim to regulate generative \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/artificial-intelligence\">artificial intelligence\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six such bills go before the crucial \u003ca href=\"https://sapro.senate.ca.gov/agenda\">Senate Appropriations Committee\u003c/a> on Monday, and all are expected to be moved to the “suspense file,” meaning the committee will take up their fates on Aug. 15. Lawmakers are optimistic about their chances; none have inspired the same level of industry backlash as SB 1047 by Sen. Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco), which is headed to the Assembly Appropriations Committee later this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just need to do the right thing,” said \u003ca href=\"https://a16.asmdc.org/2024-legislation\">Assemblymember Rebecca Bauer-Kahan\u003c/a> (D-Orinda), who chairs the Assembly’s Privacy and Consumer Protection Committee. She is pushing four AI bills this year, including \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1836\">AB 1836\u003c/a>, which would prohibit using “digital replicas” of a dead person in an expressive audiovisual work or sound recording without prior consent, and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2930\">AB 2930\u003c/a>, which would prohibit the use of automated decision tools that pose a “reasonable risk” of algorithmic discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the lawmakers are there. The public is there. This is polling at astronomical rates. Communities want to be protected from the risks of AI. And so we’re going to do it,” Bauer-Kahan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent poll by the Pew Research Center found\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/08/28/most-americans-havent-used-chatgpt-few-think-it-will-have-a-major-impact-on-their-job/\"> that 67% of Americans familiar with chatbots like ChatGPT\u003c/a> are more worried that government regulations will not go far enough than that they will go too far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bauer-Kahan added that California lawmakers are open to industry input on their bills and that Silicon Valley knows \u003cem>something\u003c/em> is likely to hit Gov. Gavin Newsom’s desk before this legislative session is over. It’s just a question of what, exactly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they understand that the public and lawmakers are not going to go for another go-round of no regulation,” Bauer-Kahan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Industry responses to California bills are all over the place\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California dominates the\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/lists/ai50/?sh=555db8aa290f\"> Forbes AI 50 list\u003c/a>. San Francisco alone is home to 20 of what Forbes considers the most promising privately held AI companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, Silicon Valley lobbying groups have not aired their concerns about the California bills outside of Sacramento — with one notable exception: Wiener’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11976097/california-lawmakers-take-on-ai-regulation-with-a-host-of-bills\">SB 1047\u003c/a>, which has inspired\u003ca href=\"https://static.politico.com/95/0a/a317efe44616af436ce6a4f32647/founder-led-statement-on-sb1047-june-20-2024-2.pdf\"> open letters\u003c/a> warning gravely that it “could inadvertently threaten the vibrancy of California’s technology economy.” Regardless, that bill is still in the running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the bills enjoy strong or qualified tech industry group support, including \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2355\">AB 2355\u003c/a>, which would require labeling of political ads made with generative AI, and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839\">AB 2839\u003c/a>, which would prohibit misleading election season communications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big-name venture capitalists fighting AI regulation at the state and national levels have claimed they’re\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2024/05/30/little-tech-startup-washington-00160815\"> worried about the little guys\u003c/a> in the AI ecosystem. But AI Tech is not a monolith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The AI revolution is already underway, and it’s as likely to be happening at your local bike store as it is with the Microsoft products on your desk,” said Morgan Reed, president of the App Association, which represents the companies that make smartphone apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of federal regulation, Reed said state lawmakers are attempting to flood the field. Something on the order of 500 bills is pending across the country, he estimated, and he said lawmakers of all stripes need to think about the tiny AI tech deployers as well as the big developers like Google, Apple and Meta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tiny companies can have millions of records. And in that case, they’re handling millions of Californians’ data. And they need to take that just as seriously as a really large company,” Reed added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California is not in the lead vis-a-vis AI legislation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While California has historically taken the global lead in some forms of comprehensive regulation, such as with air pollution and privacy, the same can’t be said when it comes to AI regulation. Other states, like Colorado, and regions, like the European Union, have moved ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In light of federal inaction, we have a piecemeal approach because each state is moving legislation along separately,” said Stanford professor Daniel Ho, who focuses on the intersection of law, political science and computer science. Even at the state level in California, he said, the “attempts to plug all sorts of different holes … are not quite the kind of comprehensive approach that you’re seeing in something like the EU AI act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado, experts say, tried to model its state legislation after the European Union’s AI Act. The state’s new law, which is set to go into effect in 2026, aims to protect the public from bias or discrimination embedded in AI systems and to set guardrails to make sure the technology is used ethically. The law also addresses many of the issues individual bills in California attempt to address one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The philosophical approach underpinning most attempts at regulation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“AI is not a thing like a train or even a railway system, right?” said Ryan Calo, a professor at the University of Washington School of Law who is co-director of the UW Tech Policy Lab. “It’s best understood as a set of techniques that are aimed at approximating some aspect of human or animal cognition using machines. So you can’t regulate AI as such.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the legislation is comprehensive, like Colorado’s, or piecemeal, like California’s, Calo explained, lawmakers are looking to dial in on how the use of the software impacts consumers and citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So there may be certain things like \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitalinformationworld.com/2024/05/researchers-from-google-deepmind-found.html\">emotional manipulation\u003c/a>, or trampling on human rights, that are just not allowed,” Calo said, explaining the kind of harm or impact that lawmakers could explicitly prohibit. A second tier of legislation could focus on closely regulating software uses that have the potential to damage consumers, perhaps reducing their access to employment or healthcare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Calo said, “There may be a third tier of things like spell check, Spotify playlists that may be subject to very little regulation at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "sf-moves-to-ban-ai-housing-tools-linked-to-price-fixing-in-thousands-of-rentals",
"title": "SF Moves to Ban AI Housing Tools Linked to Price Fixing in Thousands of Rentals",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco is poised to become the first city in the country to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11995878/ai-raising-the-rent-san-francisco-could-be-the-first-city-to-ban-the-practice\">ban algorithmic software\u003c/a> used to set and raise rental prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors on Tuesday unanimously adopted an ordinance blocking the use and sale of artificial intelligence tools that allegedly enable price fixing by large corporate landlords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s ordinance comes as the U.S. Department of Justice is \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/20/rental-housing-market-doj-investigation-00147333\">investigating RealPage\u003c/a>, a revenue management company whose software is used by landlords to maximize rents. Attorney generals across the country have filed \u003ca href=\"https://url.us.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/wPwFCwpkPvsy6WkvSKomPN?domain=reuters.com\">lawsuits\u003c/a> alleging RealPage’s tools empower collusion and price-gouging among large corporate property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Banning algorithmic price gouging is pro-housing policy, and it’s entirely consistent with our shared goal of a functioning housing market that meets our real housing needs,” Board President Aaron Peskin, who introduced the legislation, said at Tuesday’s meeting. “Wall Street has gotten into the housing business, and it’s a phenomenon we have seen here locally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tens of thousands of units in San Francisco are estimated to be owned by companies that use AI technology, according to Lee Hepner, senior legal counsel at the American Economic Liberties Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Landlords, who should be ordinarily competing against each other, are instead adopting the price recommendations of this third-party revenue management software. And the effect of that is an old-fashioned price-fixing scheme,” Hepner said. “It is not unlike the kind of price fixing that antitrust laws have addressed for well over a century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tenant advocates have similarly raised concerns about rent hikes coordinated by property owners using software to artificially inflate rents and vacancy rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tenants experience the effects of RealPage in the form of rent hikes, miscellaneous fees to get around rent control and arbitrary evictions. It’s a dangerous tool in the hands of well-resourced corporate landlords,” Lenea Maibaum, a tenant organizer for the Housing Rights Committee and a member of the Veritas Tenants Association, said in a statement. “Since Veritas, then Brookfield (Properties), took over my apartment building and the management of thousands of other rental units in San Francisco, we’ve noticed dramatic increases in rent for new tenants and new tactics to harass and displace long-term tenants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation will go before the board for final approval on Sept. 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peskin said he hopes the legislation will be a model for other local governments around the country, comparing the urgency around the ordinance to the city’s early regulation of Airbnb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s build housing for renters, not real estate investors,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco is poised to become the first city in the country to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11995878/ai-raising-the-rent-san-francisco-could-be-the-first-city-to-ban-the-practice\">ban algorithmic software\u003c/a> used to set and raise rental prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors on Tuesday unanimously adopted an ordinance blocking the use and sale of artificial intelligence tools that allegedly enable price fixing by large corporate landlords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s ordinance comes as the U.S. Department of Justice is \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/20/rental-housing-market-doj-investigation-00147333\">investigating RealPage\u003c/a>, a revenue management company whose software is used by landlords to maximize rents. Attorney generals across the country have filed \u003ca href=\"https://url.us.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/wPwFCwpkPvsy6WkvSKomPN?domain=reuters.com\">lawsuits\u003c/a> alleging RealPage’s tools empower collusion and price-gouging among large corporate property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Banning algorithmic price gouging is pro-housing policy, and it’s entirely consistent with our shared goal of a functioning housing market that meets our real housing needs,” Board President Aaron Peskin, who introduced the legislation, said at Tuesday’s meeting. “Wall Street has gotten into the housing business, and it’s a phenomenon we have seen here locally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tens of thousands of units in San Francisco are estimated to be owned by companies that use AI technology, according to Lee Hepner, senior legal counsel at the American Economic Liberties Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Landlords, who should be ordinarily competing against each other, are instead adopting the price recommendations of this third-party revenue management software. And the effect of that is an old-fashioned price-fixing scheme,” Hepner said. “It is not unlike the kind of price fixing that antitrust laws have addressed for well over a century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tenant advocates have similarly raised concerns about rent hikes coordinated by property owners using software to artificially inflate rents and vacancy rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tenants experience the effects of RealPage in the form of rent hikes, miscellaneous fees to get around rent control and arbitrary evictions. It’s a dangerous tool in the hands of well-resourced corporate landlords,” Lenea Maibaum, a tenant organizer for the Housing Rights Committee and a member of the Veritas Tenants Association, said in a statement. “Since Veritas, then Brookfield (Properties), took over my apartment building and the management of thousands of other rental units in San Francisco, we’ve noticed dramatic increases in rent for new tenants and new tactics to harass and displace long-term tenants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation will go before the board for final approval on Sept. 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peskin said he hopes the legislation will be a model for other local governments around the country, comparing the urgency around the ordinance to the city’s early regulation of Airbnb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s build housing for renters, not real estate investors,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Elon Musk Just Shared a Parody Ad With AI-Generated Clone of Kamala Harris' Voice. Here's Why That's Stoking Serious Concern",
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"content": "\u003cp>A video that uses an \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-elections-disinformation-chatgpt-bc283e7426402f0b4baa7df280a4c3fd\">artificial intelligence\u003c/a> voice-cloning tool to mimic the voice of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/harris-campaign-fundraising-200-million-5db5d7c5001c87377e4ba11250fff597\">Vice President Kamala Harris\u003c/a> saying things she did not say is raising concerns about the power of AI to mislead with Election Day about three months away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video gained attention after \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/elon-musk\">tech billionaire Elon Musk\u003c/a> shared it on his social media platform X on Friday without explicitly noting it was originally released as a parody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By late Sunday, Musk had clarified the video was intended as satire, pinning the original creator’s post to his profile and using a pun to make the point that parody is not a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video uses many of the same visuals as a real ad that Harris, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/projects/election-results-2024/ap-dnc-delegate-survey/\">the likely Democratic presidential nominee\u003c/a>, released launching her campaign. But the fake ad swaps out Harris’ voice-over audio with an AI-generated voice that convincingly impersonates Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I, Kamala Harris, am your Democrat candidate for president because Joe Biden finally exposed his senility at the debate,” the AI voice said in the video. It claims Harris is a “diversity hire” because she is \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/kamala-harris-president-democrat-biden-96df4c46fab767269056511037776b15\">a woman and a person of color\u003c/a>, and it said she doesn’t know “the first thing about running the country.” The video retains “Harris for President” branding. It also adds in some authentic past clips of Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mia Ehrenberg, a Harris campaign spokesperson, said in an email to \u003cem>The Associated Press\u003c/em>: “We believe the American people want the real freedom, opportunity and security Vice President Harris is offering; not the fake, manipulated lies of Elon Musk and Donald Trump.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The widely shared video is an example of how lifelike \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/one-tech-tip-spotting-deepfakes-ai-8f7403c7e5a738488d74cf2326382d8c\">AI-generated images, videos or audio clips\u003c/a> have been utilized both to poke fun and to mislead about politics as the United States draws closer to the presidential election. It exposes how, as high-quality AI tools have become far \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ai-2023-artificial-intelligence-chatgpt-dangers-565ff5b817b5db0d4e74829ae3d68611\">more accessible\u003c/a>, there remains a lack of significant federal action to regulate their use, leaving rules guiding AI in politics largely to states and social media platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video also raises questions about how to best handle content that blurs the lines of what is considered an appropriate use of AI, particularly if it falls into the category of satire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original user who posted the video, a YouTuber known as Mr Reagan, disclosed from the beginning both on YouTube and on X that the manipulated video is a parody. Yet Musk’s initial post with the video, which had far wider reach with 130 million views on X, according to the platform, only included the caption “This is amazing” with a laughing emoji.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the weekend, before Musk clarified on his profile that the video was a joke, some participants in X’s “community note” feature suggested labeling his post as manipulated. No such label has been added to it, even as Musk has separately posted about the parody video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some users online have questioned whether his initial post might violate \u003ca href=\"https://help.x.com/en/rules-and-policies/manipulated-media\">X’s policies\u003c/a>, which say users “may not share synthetic, manipulated, or out-of-context media that may deceive or confuse people and lead to harm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy has an exception for memes and satire as long as they do not cause “significant confusion about the authenticity of the media.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Kohls, the man behind the Mr Reagan online persona, pointed an AP reporter to a YouTube video he posted early Monday responding to the ordeal. In the YouTube video, he confirmed he used AI to make the fake ad and argued that it was obviously parody, with or without a label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk endorsed Trump, the Republican former president and current nominee, earlier this month. He didn’t respond to an emailed request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two experts who specialize in AI-generated media reviewed the fake ad’s audio and confirmed that much of it was generated using AI technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, University of California, Berkeley, digital forensics expert Hany Farid, said the video shows the power of generative AI and deepfakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The AI-generated voice is very good,” he said in an email. “Even though most people won’t believe it is VP Harris’ voice, the video is that much more powerful when the words are in her voice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said generative AI companies that make voice-cloning tools and other AI tools available to the public should do better to ensure their services are not used in ways that could harm people or democracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Weissman, co-president of the advocacy group Public Citizen, disagreed with Farid, saying he thought many people would be fooled by the video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m certain that most people looking at it don’t assume it’s a joke,” Weissman said in an interview. “The quality isn’t great, but it’s good enough. And precisely because it feeds into preexisting themes that have circulated around her, most people will believe it to be real.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weissman, whose organization has advocated for Congress, federal agencies and states to regulate generative AI, said the video is “the kind of thing that we’ve been warning about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other generative AI deepfakes in the U.S. and elsewhere have tried to influence voters with misinformation, humor or both. In Slovakia in 2023, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-elections-disinformation-chatgpt-bc283e7426402f0b4baa7df280a4c3fd\">fake audio clips\u003c/a> impersonated a candidate discussing plans to rig the election and raise the price of beer days before the vote. In Louisiana in 2022, a political action committee’s \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-local-races-deepfakes-2024-1d5080a5c916d5ff10eadd1d81f43dfd?utm_source=copy&utm_medium=share\">satirical ad\u003c/a> superimposed a Louisiana mayoral candidate’s face onto an actor, portraying him as an underachieving high school student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress has yet to pass legislation on AI in politics, and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-political-ads-fec-fcc-18080082b2a81b3aad4897b4c4b5c84b\">federal agencies\u003c/a> have only taken limited steps, leaving most existing U.S. regulations to the states. More than one-third of states have \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncsl.org/elections-and-campaigns/artificial-intelligence-ai-in-elections-and-campaigns\">created their own laws\u003c/a> regulating the use of AI in campaigns and elections, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond X, other social media companies have also created policies regarding synthetic and manipulated media shared on their platforms. Users on the video platform YouTube, for example, must reveal whether they have used generative artificial intelligence to create videos \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/youtube-artitifical-intelligence-deep-fake-ai-creaters-0513fd9fddbd93af327f0411dd29ff3d?utm_source=copy&utm_medium=share\">or face suspension.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A video that uses an \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-elections-disinformation-chatgpt-bc283e7426402f0b4baa7df280a4c3fd\">artificial intelligence\u003c/a> voice-cloning tool to mimic the voice of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/harris-campaign-fundraising-200-million-5db5d7c5001c87377e4ba11250fff597\">Vice President Kamala Harris\u003c/a> saying things she did not say is raising concerns about the power of AI to mislead with Election Day about three months away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video gained attention after \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/elon-musk\">tech billionaire Elon Musk\u003c/a> shared it on his social media platform X on Friday without explicitly noting it was originally released as a parody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By late Sunday, Musk had clarified the video was intended as satire, pinning the original creator’s post to his profile and using a pun to make the point that parody is not a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video uses many of the same visuals as a real ad that Harris, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/projects/election-results-2024/ap-dnc-delegate-survey/\">the likely Democratic presidential nominee\u003c/a>, released launching her campaign. But the fake ad swaps out Harris’ voice-over audio with an AI-generated voice that convincingly impersonates Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I, Kamala Harris, am your Democrat candidate for president because Joe Biden finally exposed his senility at the debate,” the AI voice said in the video. It claims Harris is a “diversity hire” because she is \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/kamala-harris-president-democrat-biden-96df4c46fab767269056511037776b15\">a woman and a person of color\u003c/a>, and it said she doesn’t know “the first thing about running the country.” The video retains “Harris for President” branding. It also adds in some authentic past clips of Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mia Ehrenberg, a Harris campaign spokesperson, said in an email to \u003cem>The Associated Press\u003c/em>: “We believe the American people want the real freedom, opportunity and security Vice President Harris is offering; not the fake, manipulated lies of Elon Musk and Donald Trump.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The widely shared video is an example of how lifelike \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/one-tech-tip-spotting-deepfakes-ai-8f7403c7e5a738488d74cf2326382d8c\">AI-generated images, videos or audio clips\u003c/a> have been utilized both to poke fun and to mislead about politics as the United States draws closer to the presidential election. It exposes how, as high-quality AI tools have become far \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ai-2023-artificial-intelligence-chatgpt-dangers-565ff5b817b5db0d4e74829ae3d68611\">more accessible\u003c/a>, there remains a lack of significant federal action to regulate their use, leaving rules guiding AI in politics largely to states and social media platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video also raises questions about how to best handle content that blurs the lines of what is considered an appropriate use of AI, particularly if it falls into the category of satire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original user who posted the video, a YouTuber known as Mr Reagan, disclosed from the beginning both on YouTube and on X that the manipulated video is a parody. Yet Musk’s initial post with the video, which had far wider reach with 130 million views on X, according to the platform, only included the caption “This is amazing” with a laughing emoji.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the weekend, before Musk clarified on his profile that the video was a joke, some participants in X’s “community note” feature suggested labeling his post as manipulated. No such label has been added to it, even as Musk has separately posted about the parody video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some users online have questioned whether his initial post might violate \u003ca href=\"https://help.x.com/en/rules-and-policies/manipulated-media\">X’s policies\u003c/a>, which say users “may not share synthetic, manipulated, or out-of-context media that may deceive or confuse people and lead to harm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy has an exception for memes and satire as long as they do not cause “significant confusion about the authenticity of the media.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Kohls, the man behind the Mr Reagan online persona, pointed an AP reporter to a YouTube video he posted early Monday responding to the ordeal. In the YouTube video, he confirmed he used AI to make the fake ad and argued that it was obviously parody, with or without a label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk endorsed Trump, the Republican former president and current nominee, earlier this month. He didn’t respond to an emailed request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two experts who specialize in AI-generated media reviewed the fake ad’s audio and confirmed that much of it was generated using AI technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, University of California, Berkeley, digital forensics expert Hany Farid, said the video shows the power of generative AI and deepfakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The AI-generated voice is very good,” he said in an email. “Even though most people won’t believe it is VP Harris’ voice, the video is that much more powerful when the words are in her voice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said generative AI companies that make voice-cloning tools and other AI tools available to the public should do better to ensure their services are not used in ways that could harm people or democracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Weissman, co-president of the advocacy group Public Citizen, disagreed with Farid, saying he thought many people would be fooled by the video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m certain that most people looking at it don’t assume it’s a joke,” Weissman said in an interview. “The quality isn’t great, but it’s good enough. And precisely because it feeds into preexisting themes that have circulated around her, most people will believe it to be real.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weissman, whose organization has advocated for Congress, federal agencies and states to regulate generative AI, said the video is “the kind of thing that we’ve been warning about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other generative AI deepfakes in the U.S. and elsewhere have tried to influence voters with misinformation, humor or both. In Slovakia in 2023, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-elections-disinformation-chatgpt-bc283e7426402f0b4baa7df280a4c3fd\">fake audio clips\u003c/a> impersonated a candidate discussing plans to rig the election and raise the price of beer days before the vote. In Louisiana in 2022, a political action committee’s \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-local-races-deepfakes-2024-1d5080a5c916d5ff10eadd1d81f43dfd?utm_source=copy&utm_medium=share\">satirical ad\u003c/a> superimposed a Louisiana mayoral candidate’s face onto an actor, portraying him as an underachieving high school student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress has yet to pass legislation on AI in politics, and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-political-ads-fec-fcc-18080082b2a81b3aad4897b4c4b5c84b\">federal agencies\u003c/a> have only taken limited steps, leaving most existing U.S. regulations to the states. 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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco could soon be the first U.S. city to pull the plug on software designed to automate rent hikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor and mayoral candidate Aaron Peskin introduced \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jc-g_SefmZ0alC1ZelhpmLgYCM081Ig8/edit#heading=h.gjdgxs\">legislation\u003c/a> on Tuesday that would ban property owners and managers from using algorithm-based tools that recommend or set rental prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been demonstrated to increase eviction rates, bogus fees and other pressure tactics on tenants,” Peskin told KQED of the software. “Indeed, there are large corporate real estate landlords in San Francisco who are using it and holding units vacant and using it to artificially increase rents beyond what the market demands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation comes as attorneys general nationwide have filed multiple lawsuits against corporate landlords for alleged collusion by inflating rents. The Department of Justice is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/20/rental-housing-market-doj-investigation-00147333\">investigating RealPage\u003c/a>, which produces real estate management software that uses algorithms to suggest rental prices. The probe is looking into whether RealPage enables price-fixing among large residential landlords and property owners who use the product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tens of thousands of units in San Francisco are estimated to be owned by companies that use RealPage, including Brookfield, Greystar, and AvalonBay, according to Lee Hepner, a San Francisco-based antitrust lawyer and senior legal counsel for the American Economic Liberties Project, who has been following the RealPage investigation and similar lawsuits closely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This price-fixing scheme is being facilitated by a third-party algorithm, and the advent of this software means that it can facilitate those schemes across very large markets,” Hepner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent report from progressive research and advocacy organization, \u003ca href=\"http://accountable.us\">Accountable.US\u003c/a>, found that the six largest publicly traded apartment companies — all of which have been sued for their use of RealPage — made a combined $300 million in profits in the first quarter of the fiscal year, in many cases due to rent increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Apartment Association declined to comment before the legislation was presented on Tuesday at the Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peskin’s proposal comes as President Joe Biden is \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/07/16/fact-sheet-president-biden-announces-major-new-actions-to-lower-housing-costs-by-limiting-rent-increases-and-building-more-homes/\">considering rent caps\u003c/a> on corporate landlords in a bid to slow rising rent prices and eviction rates nationwide. That plan, announced Tuesday, would require corporate landlords to cap rent increases on existing units at 5% — or risk missing out on federal tax breaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A federal rent cap reflects what we’re seeing across the country: increasingly, cities, counties and states are turning to rent stabilization — recognizing its centrality to addressing the housing crisis and keeping people in their homes,” Tram Hoang, senior housing associate at the Oakland-based national research institute, PolicyLink, said in a statement. “Communities are grappling with record-high rent gouging and urgently need more elected leaders to step up and make it right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly half of renters nationwide in 2022 spent more than a third of their income on rent, according to data from the Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies. However, the lack of affordable rental units has simultaneously worsened across the country. The shortage of affordable and available homes for renters with extremely low incomes increased from approximately 6.8 million units needed in 2019 to 7.3 million in 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://housingmatters.urban.org/research-summary/addressing-americas-affordable-housing-crisis\">data from the nonprofit research organization Urban Institute show\u003c/a>. Many households feel the pinch caused by a combination of inflation and the end of much pandemic-era rental relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Oakland renter Merika Goolsby has experienced the destabilizing effects of major rent hikes. When her two-year lease expired, she was given the choice of signing a one-year lease with an increase of $350 per month or paying month-to-month for an increase of $1,200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t work any more hours. I was panicking. I called the office and said there’s no way I can afford an additional $350,” said Goolsby, who is a member of the Alliance of Californians for Community Empowerment Action, a statewide community organization that supports Peskin’s proposal. “I was told, ‘Maybe this isn’t the place for you; you should downsize.’ They weren’t willing to work with me at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s plan is already being met with pushback from groups including the National Housing Conference — a coalition representing a broad range of interest groups including realtors, land trusts and banks — who argue that mandatory rent caps could limit capital needed to build new units, discourage investment in multifamily rental housing, and hinder the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our nation’s housing supply has not kept pace with the needs of our growing population,” said David M. Dworkin, president and CEO of the National Housing Conference. “The only way to address our affordable housing shortage is by building more affordable housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: “Rent caps don’t work and will have a chilling effect on housing supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s plan still requires congressional approval, which will almost certainly be a battle getting through the Republican-controlled House of Representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, experts say it will take a combination of approaches to dig out of the housing affordability crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, Hepner believes Peskin’s legislation aiming to control rents complements efforts to add more housing units across the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Housing markets are very localized, and that’s why we think there is a significant role for not just state but even municipal lawmakers to take action,” Hepner said. “Hopefully, what San Francisco is doing joins momentum that’s been building for the better part of a year to tell the housing market across the country that this type of price-fixing scheme is not going to be tolerated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco could soon be the first U.S. city to pull the plug on software designed to automate rent hikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor and mayoral candidate Aaron Peskin introduced \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jc-g_SefmZ0alC1ZelhpmLgYCM081Ig8/edit#heading=h.gjdgxs\">legislation\u003c/a> on Tuesday that would ban property owners and managers from using algorithm-based tools that recommend or set rental prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been demonstrated to increase eviction rates, bogus fees and other pressure tactics on tenants,” Peskin told KQED of the software. “Indeed, there are large corporate real estate landlords in San Francisco who are using it and holding units vacant and using it to artificially increase rents beyond what the market demands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation comes as attorneys general nationwide have filed multiple lawsuits against corporate landlords for alleged collusion by inflating rents. The Department of Justice is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/20/rental-housing-market-doj-investigation-00147333\">investigating RealPage\u003c/a>, which produces real estate management software that uses algorithms to suggest rental prices. The probe is looking into whether RealPage enables price-fixing among large residential landlords and property owners who use the product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tens of thousands of units in San Francisco are estimated to be owned by companies that use RealPage, including Brookfield, Greystar, and AvalonBay, according to Lee Hepner, a San Francisco-based antitrust lawyer and senior legal counsel for the American Economic Liberties Project, who has been following the RealPage investigation and similar lawsuits closely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This price-fixing scheme is being facilitated by a third-party algorithm, and the advent of this software means that it can facilitate those schemes across very large markets,” Hepner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent report from progressive research and advocacy organization, \u003ca href=\"http://accountable.us\">Accountable.US\u003c/a>, found that the six largest publicly traded apartment companies — all of which have been sued for their use of RealPage — made a combined $300 million in profits in the first quarter of the fiscal year, in many cases due to rent increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Apartment Association declined to comment before the legislation was presented on Tuesday at the Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peskin’s proposal comes as President Joe Biden is \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/07/16/fact-sheet-president-biden-announces-major-new-actions-to-lower-housing-costs-by-limiting-rent-increases-and-building-more-homes/\">considering rent caps\u003c/a> on corporate landlords in a bid to slow rising rent prices and eviction rates nationwide. That plan, announced Tuesday, would require corporate landlords to cap rent increases on existing units at 5% — or risk missing out on federal tax breaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A federal rent cap reflects what we’re seeing across the country: increasingly, cities, counties and states are turning to rent stabilization — recognizing its centrality to addressing the housing crisis and keeping people in their homes,” Tram Hoang, senior housing associate at the Oakland-based national research institute, PolicyLink, said in a statement. “Communities are grappling with record-high rent gouging and urgently need more elected leaders to step up and make it right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly half of renters nationwide in 2022 spent more than a third of their income on rent, according to data from the Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies. However, the lack of affordable rental units has simultaneously worsened across the country. The shortage of affordable and available homes for renters with extremely low incomes increased from approximately 6.8 million units needed in 2019 to 7.3 million in 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://housingmatters.urban.org/research-summary/addressing-americas-affordable-housing-crisis\">data from the nonprofit research organization Urban Institute show\u003c/a>. Many households feel the pinch caused by a combination of inflation and the end of much pandemic-era rental relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Oakland renter Merika Goolsby has experienced the destabilizing effects of major rent hikes. When her two-year lease expired, she was given the choice of signing a one-year lease with an increase of $350 per month or paying month-to-month for an increase of $1,200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t work any more hours. I was panicking. I called the office and said there’s no way I can afford an additional $350,” said Goolsby, who is a member of the Alliance of Californians for Community Empowerment Action, a statewide community organization that supports Peskin’s proposal. “I was told, ‘Maybe this isn’t the place for you; you should downsize.’ They weren’t willing to work with me at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s plan is already being met with pushback from groups including the National Housing Conference — a coalition representing a broad range of interest groups including realtors, land trusts and banks — who argue that mandatory rent caps could limit capital needed to build new units, discourage investment in multifamily rental housing, and hinder the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our nation’s housing supply has not kept pace with the needs of our growing population,” said David M. Dworkin, president and CEO of the National Housing Conference. “The only way to address our affordable housing shortage is by building more affordable housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: “Rent caps don’t work and will have a chilling effect on housing supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s plan still requires congressional approval, which will almost certainly be a battle getting through the Republican-controlled House of Representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, experts say it will take a combination of approaches to dig out of the housing affordability crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, Hepner believes Peskin’s legislation aiming to control rents complements efforts to add more housing units across the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Housing markets are very localized, and that’s why we think there is a significant role for not just state but even municipal lawmakers to take action,” Hepner said. “Hopefully, what San Francisco is doing joins momentum that’s been building for the better part of a year to tell the housing market across the country that this type of price-fixing scheme is not going to be tolerated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "california-almond-growers-struggles-could-be-buzzkill-for-pnw-beekeepers",
"title": "California Almond Growers' Struggles Could be Buzzkill for PNW Beekeepers",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are the morning’s top stories on Wednesday, July 10, 2024…\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>In the face of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.almonds.com/about-us/press-room/usda-projects-larger-2024-almond-crop\">larger crop yield for California’s almond industry\u003c/a>, some growers are uprooting their trees to fight over-production. And that may have a big impact on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nwnewsnetwork.org/2024-06-07/fewer-northwest-bees-shipped-to-californias-almonds-could-be-a-buzzkill-for-washington-and-oregon-crops\">fruit trees in the Pacific Northwest\u003c/a>, which rely on bees that beef up on California almond trees.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>State officials reveal the full impact of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993089/firefighters-make-progress-against-oroville-thompson-fire-but-heat-and-fire-risks-grow\">a massive wildfire that broke out roughly a week ago\u003c/a> near the town of Oroville in Butte County, as firefighters get a handle on the blaze.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>As artificial intelligence makes its way into more aspects of modern technology, the fears of how it can be abused are on the rise. California lawmakers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11976097/california-lawmakers-take-on-ai-regulation-with-a-host-of-bills\">proposed a slate of bills that could mitigate the risks of AI misuse\u003c/a>, a number of which are on track to hit Governor Newsom’s desk.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nwnewsnetwork.org/2024-06-07/fewer-northwest-bees-shipped-to-californias-almonds-could-be-a-buzzkill-for-washington-and-oregon-crops\">\u003cstrong>Uprooting Almond Trees in California Could Impact Bees’ Ability to Pollinate Fruit Trees Further North\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Tuesday, we told you how\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993284/many-california-almond-growers-struggling-to-stay-afloat\"> over-production in California’s almond industry was hurting local growers\u003c/a>, with some resorting to uprooting almond trees to maintain their livelihoods.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s been a buzzkill for some beekeepers in the Pacific Northwest. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Washington and Oregon, bee populations rely on the nectar they get from California almonds trees, which ultimately help keep fruit trees productive at home, and hive populations thriving. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>After Ripping Through Thousands of Northern California Acres, Thompson Fire 100 Percent Contained\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>T\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">he toll of a wildfire that broke out last week near Oroville in Butte County \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2024/7/2/thompson-fire\">has been released\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">State fire officials say the Thompson Fire destroyed 13 single family homes and destroyed or damaged several other buildings. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fire, which scorched nearly 4,000 acres was declared 100% contained on Monday.\u003c/span>\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>California Bills Aimed to Regulate Artificial Intelligence on Track for the Governor’s Desk\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sacramento, a number of bills involving the regulation of artificial intelligence have a good chance of making it to Governor Newsom’s desk, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1836\">including one that would limit what can be done with AI replicas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are the morning’s top stories on Wednesday, July 10, 2024…\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>In the face of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.almonds.com/about-us/press-room/usda-projects-larger-2024-almond-crop\">larger crop yield for California’s almond industry\u003c/a>, some growers are uprooting their trees to fight over-production. And that may have a big impact on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nwnewsnetwork.org/2024-06-07/fewer-northwest-bees-shipped-to-californias-almonds-could-be-a-buzzkill-for-washington-and-oregon-crops\">fruit trees in the Pacific Northwest\u003c/a>, which rely on bees that beef up on California almond trees.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>State officials reveal the full impact of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993089/firefighters-make-progress-against-oroville-thompson-fire-but-heat-and-fire-risks-grow\">a massive wildfire that broke out roughly a week ago\u003c/a> near the town of Oroville in Butte County, as firefighters get a handle on the blaze.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>As artificial intelligence makes its way into more aspects of modern technology, the fears of how it can be abused are on the rise. California lawmakers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11976097/california-lawmakers-take-on-ai-regulation-with-a-host-of-bills\">proposed a slate of bills that could mitigate the risks of AI misuse\u003c/a>, a number of which are on track to hit Governor Newsom’s desk.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nwnewsnetwork.org/2024-06-07/fewer-northwest-bees-shipped-to-californias-almonds-could-be-a-buzzkill-for-washington-and-oregon-crops\">\u003cstrong>Uprooting Almond Trees in California Could Impact Bees’ Ability to Pollinate Fruit Trees Further North\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Tuesday, we told you how\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993284/many-california-almond-growers-struggling-to-stay-afloat\"> over-production in California’s almond industry was hurting local growers\u003c/a>, with some resorting to uprooting almond trees to maintain their livelihoods.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s been a buzzkill for some beekeepers in the Pacific Northwest. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Washington and Oregon, bee populations rely on the nectar they get from California almonds trees, which ultimately help keep fruit trees productive at home, and hive populations thriving. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>After Ripping Through Thousands of Northern California Acres, Thompson Fire 100 Percent Contained\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>T\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">he toll of a wildfire that broke out last week near Oroville in Butte County \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2024/7/2/thompson-fire\">has been released\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">State fire officials say the Thompson Fire destroyed 13 single family homes and destroyed or damaged several other buildings. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fire, which scorched nearly 4,000 acres was declared 100% contained on Monday.\u003c/span>\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>California Bills Aimed to Regulate Artificial Intelligence on Track for the Governor’s Desk\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sacramento, a number of bills involving the regulation of artificial intelligence have a good chance of making it to Governor Newsom’s desk, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1836\">including one that would limit what can be done with AI replicas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>We’re all used to giving out a bit of personal data to get into our financial accounts: social security numbers, our birthdays and so on. However, a growing number of financial institutions are asking for a sample of our voices. Should we be concerned?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is Voice ID?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Voice authentication systems are a form of biometric authentication, similar to a fingerprint. It relies on voice recognition software, which verifies customer identities by detecting the unique patterns in a small speaking sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why does my bank want my voice?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Banks have to try something new because our personal data is no longer so private, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.idtheftcenter.org/key-staff-and-board-of-directors/\">James Lee\u003c/a>, Chief Operating Officer of the non-profit Identity Theft Resource Center outside of San Diego. “All of that data’s been compromised. Our Social Security numbers, our driver’s license numbers, where we live, our phone numbers, you know. …That’s all readily available,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other cybersecurity experts \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/tech/cybersecurity/ai-is-helping-scammers-outsmart-youand-your-bank-23bbbced\">warn\u003c/a> that a readily available pool of personal data contributes to fraudulent logins and financial theft.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Isn’t it easy for hackers to use AI to clone my voice?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence have led to better, cheaper and publicly accessible AI voice cloning models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as we see and hear more deep fakes, it might feel like a bad idea to use our voices to access our accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lee downplayed those concerns, saying that most of us don’t have a big enough vocal profile on the Internet to attract the attention of hackers or make it easy for them to develop effectively convincing clones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about celebrities? Podcasters? Or, really, is anybody who posts videos on social media? Lee argued that most hackers like to hack at scale, and most of us don’t have that much money in our financial accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For somebody to appropriate your voice, it’s a little more difficult, and identity criminals don’t like to do things that are difficult. They like to do things that are easy,” Lee said. “So the risk to any one individual is relatively low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reasons to think twice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Your financial data is arguably your most sensitive data, even if you don’t have a lot of money in your accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, publicly available generative AI tools are notoriously insecure. Most of the companies that produce the software make \u003ca href=\"https://www.proofnews.org/ai-tools-make-it-easy-to-clone-someones-voice-without-consent/\">little or no attempt to ensure\u003c/a> that the humans being copied have consented to the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems like it’s fast becoming normalized insanity, where even questioning it is made to make you feel old,” said \u003ca href=\"https://consumerwatchdog.org/author/justin-kloczko/\">Justin Kloczko\u003c/a>, a tech and privacy advocate for Consumer Watchdog. “It’s not really safe, and you really shouldn’t feel crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What are banks saying?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to a number of financial institutions for this story, but only Wells Fargo responded:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“Wells Fargo uses a \u003c/i>\u003cb>\u003ci>layered approach to authentication\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003ci>. One such layer is a service called “Voice Verification,” which allows customers to use a unique voiceprint to access certain accounts. \u003c/i>\u003cb>\u003ci>This service must be paired with other identity verification methods to allow access to customer accounts.\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003ci> A customer’s voice ID by itself will not grant access to user accounts.”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11988031,news_11985769,news_11987803\" label=\"Related Stories\"]Eva Velasquez, who heads the Identity Theft Resource Center outside of San Diego, explains that a layered approach means the bank is using multiple factors to determine whether a login attempt should be deemed credible. “They’re pinging for the location. Is that a known device to [the bank]?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m all for adding more [layers],” Velasquez said. “You pick up a single twig; you can break it with no effort. You bundle 20 or 30 of them, and you can’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What comes next?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As AI becomes more powerful, the financial sector knows it’s in an arms race with hackers to keep our data and our money secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to need AI to defend against AI,” Deborah Guild, chair of the Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council, said at a recent event that brought together representatives from government and industry to talk about threats from AI. “We as an industry need to mount a coordinated defense. We have to get better and faster at sharing actionable insights,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the U.S. Treasury Department released a report entitled \u003ca href=\"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2212\">Managing Artificial Intelligence-Specific Cybersecurity Risks in the Financial Sector\u003c/a> after conducting in-depth interviews with 42 firms of all sizes, from global, too-big-to-fail financial institutions to local banks and credit unions. The report promises that industry-wide standards for generative AI-powered ID technology are coming soon.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We’re all used to giving out a bit of personal data to get into our financial accounts: social security numbers, our birthdays and so on. However, a growing number of financial institutions are asking for a sample of our voices. Should we be concerned?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is Voice ID?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Voice authentication systems are a form of biometric authentication, similar to a fingerprint. It relies on voice recognition software, which verifies customer identities by detecting the unique patterns in a small speaking sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why does my bank want my voice?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Banks have to try something new because our personal data is no longer so private, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.idtheftcenter.org/key-staff-and-board-of-directors/\">James Lee\u003c/a>, Chief Operating Officer of the non-profit Identity Theft Resource Center outside of San Diego. “All of that data’s been compromised. Our Social Security numbers, our driver’s license numbers, where we live, our phone numbers, you know. …That’s all readily available,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other cybersecurity experts \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/tech/cybersecurity/ai-is-helping-scammers-outsmart-youand-your-bank-23bbbced\">warn\u003c/a> that a readily available pool of personal data contributes to fraudulent logins and financial theft.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Isn’t it easy for hackers to use AI to clone my voice?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence have led to better, cheaper and publicly accessible AI voice cloning models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as we see and hear more deep fakes, it might feel like a bad idea to use our voices to access our accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lee downplayed those concerns, saying that most of us don’t have a big enough vocal profile on the Internet to attract the attention of hackers or make it easy for them to develop effectively convincing clones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about celebrities? Podcasters? Or, really, is anybody who posts videos on social media? Lee argued that most hackers like to hack at scale, and most of us don’t have that much money in our financial accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For somebody to appropriate your voice, it’s a little more difficult, and identity criminals don’t like to do things that are difficult. They like to do things that are easy,” Lee said. “So the risk to any one individual is relatively low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reasons to think twice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Your financial data is arguably your most sensitive data, even if you don’t have a lot of money in your accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, publicly available generative AI tools are notoriously insecure. Most of the companies that produce the software make \u003ca href=\"https://www.proofnews.org/ai-tools-make-it-easy-to-clone-someones-voice-without-consent/\">little or no attempt to ensure\u003c/a> that the humans being copied have consented to the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems like it’s fast becoming normalized insanity, where even questioning it is made to make you feel old,” said \u003ca href=\"https://consumerwatchdog.org/author/justin-kloczko/\">Justin Kloczko\u003c/a>, a tech and privacy advocate for Consumer Watchdog. “It’s not really safe, and you really shouldn’t feel crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What are banks saying?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to a number of financial institutions for this story, but only Wells Fargo responded:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“Wells Fargo uses a \u003c/i>\u003cb>\u003ci>layered approach to authentication\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003ci>. One such layer is a service called “Voice Verification,” which allows customers to use a unique voiceprint to access certain accounts. \u003c/i>\u003cb>\u003ci>This service must be paired with other identity verification methods to allow access to customer accounts.\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003ci> A customer’s voice ID by itself will not grant access to user accounts.”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Eva Velasquez, who heads the Identity Theft Resource Center outside of San Diego, explains that a layered approach means the bank is using multiple factors to determine whether a login attempt should be deemed credible. “They’re pinging for the location. Is that a known device to [the bank]?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m all for adding more [layers],” Velasquez said. “You pick up a single twig; you can break it with no effort. You bundle 20 or 30 of them, and you can’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What comes next?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As AI becomes more powerful, the financial sector knows it’s in an arms race with hackers to keep our data and our money secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to need AI to defend against AI,” Deborah Guild, chair of the Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council, said at a recent event that brought together representatives from government and industry to talk about threats from AI. “We as an industry need to mount a coordinated defense. We have to get better and faster at sharing actionable insights,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the U.S. Treasury Department released a report entitled \u003ca href=\"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2212\">Managing Artificial Intelligence-Specific Cybersecurity Risks in the Financial Sector\u003c/a> after conducting in-depth interviews with 42 firms of all sizes, from global, too-big-to-fail financial institutions to local banks and credit unions. The report promises that industry-wide standards for generative AI-powered ID technology are coming soon.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Could AI Reject Your Resume? California Takes Action to Protect Job Applicants",
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"content": "\u003cp>California regulators are moving to restrict how employers can use artificial intelligence to screen workers and job applicants — warning that using AI to measure tone of voice, facial expressions and reaction times may run afoul of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft regulations say that if companies use automated systems to limit or prioritize applicants based on pregnancy, national origin, religion or criminal history, that’s discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the public have until July 18 to comment on the \u003ca href=\"https://calcivilrights.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2024/05/Automated-Decision-System-Regulations-Proposed-Text.pdf\">proposed rules\u003c/a>. After that, regulators in the California Civil Rights Department may amend and will eventually approve them, subject to final review by an administrative law judge, capping off a process that began three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules govern so-called “automated decision systems” — artificial intelligence and other computerized processes, including quizzes, games, resume screening, and even advertising placement. The regulations say using such systems to analyze physical characteristics or reaction times may constitute illegal discrimination. The systems may not be used at all, the new rules say, if they have an “adverse impact” on candidates based on certain protected characteristics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft rules also require companies that sell predictive services to employers to keep records for four years in order to respond to discrimination claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crackdown is necessary in part because while businesses want to automate parts of the hiring process, “this new technology can obscure responsibility and make it harder to discern who’s responsible when a person is subjected to discriminatory decision-making,” said Ken Wang, a policy associate with the California Employment Lawyers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft regulations make it clear that third-party service providers are agents of the employer and hold employers responsible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Civil Rights Department started exploring how algorithms, a type of automated decision system, can impact job opportunities and automate discrimination in the workplace \u003ca href=\"https://calcivilrights.ca.gov/2021/05/06/dfeh-holds-civil-rights-hearing-on-algorithms-and-bias/\">in April 2021\u003c/a>. Back then, \u003ca href=\"https://autismandrace.com/\">Autistic People of Color Fund\u003c/a> founder Lydia X. Z. Brown warned the agency about the harm that hiring algorithms can inflict on people with disabilities. Brown told CalMatters that whether the new draft rules offer meaningful protection depends on how they’re implemented and enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers, advocates and journalists have amassed a body of evidence that AI models can automate discrimination, including in the workplace. Last month, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission alleging that resume screening software made by the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-30/aclu-says-in-ftc-complaint-that-aon-s-ai-tools-discriminatory\">Aon discriminates against people based on race and disability \u003c/a>despite the company’s claim that its AI is “bias-free.” An evaluation of leading artificial intelligence firm OpenAI’s GPT-3.5 technology found that the large language model \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2024-openai-gpt-hiring-racial-discrimination\">can exhibit racial bias when used to automatically sift through the resumes of job applicants\u003c/a>. Though the company uses filters to prevent the language model from producing toxic language, \u003ca href=\"https://venturebeat.com/ai/openai-debuts-gigantic-gpt-3-language-model-with-175-billion-parameters/\">internal tests of GPT-3\u003c/a> also surfaced race, gender, and religious bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11988031,news_11987803,news_11976097\" label=\"Related Stories\"]Protecting people from automated bias understandably attracts a lot of attention, but sometimes hiring software that’s marketed as smart makes dumb decisions. Wearing glasses or a headscarf or having a bookshelf in the background of a video job interview can \u003ca href=\"https://interaktiv.br.de/ki-bewerbung/en/\">skew personality predictions\u003c/a>, according to an investigative report by German public broadcast station Bayerischer Rundfunk. So can \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/movement-hold-ai-accountable-gains-steam/\">the font a job applicant chooses\u003c/a> when submitting a resume, according to researchers at New York University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s proposed regulations are the latest in a series of initiatives to protect workers from businesses using harmful forms of AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, New York City lawmakers passed a law to protect job applicants from algorithmic discrimination in hiring, although researchers from Cornell University and Consumer Reports recently concluded that the law \u003ca href=\"https://innovation.consumerreports.org/new-research-nyc-algorithmic-transparency-law-is-falling-short-of-its-goals/\">has been ineffective\u003c/a>. And in 2022, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the U.S. Justice Department clarified that employers \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/ai-hiring-bias-doj-eecc-guidance/\">must comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act when using automation during hiring\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Privacy Protection Agency, meanwhile, is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/03/california-ai-rules-business/\">considering draft rules\u003c/a> that, among other things, define what information employers can collect on contractors, job applicants, and workers, allowing them to see what data employers collect and to opt out from such collection or request human review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pending legislation would further empower the source of the draft revisions, the California Civil Rights Department. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/05/ca-eu-ai-regulation/\">Assembly Bill 2930\u003c/a> would allow the department to demand impact assessments from businesses and state agencies that use AI in order to protect against automated discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of government, union leaders now increasingly argue that rank-and-file workers should be able to weigh in on the effectiveness and harms of AI in order to protect the public. Labor representatives have had conversations with California officials about specific projects as they \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/02/cdtfa-generative-ai/\">experiment with how to use AI\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California regulators are moving to restrict how employers can use artificial intelligence to screen workers and job applicants — warning that using AI to measure tone of voice, facial expressions and reaction times may run afoul of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft regulations say that if companies use automated systems to limit or prioritize applicants based on pregnancy, national origin, religion or criminal history, that’s discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the public have until July 18 to comment on the \u003ca href=\"https://calcivilrights.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2024/05/Automated-Decision-System-Regulations-Proposed-Text.pdf\">proposed rules\u003c/a>. After that, regulators in the California Civil Rights Department may amend and will eventually approve them, subject to final review by an administrative law judge, capping off a process that began three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules govern so-called “automated decision systems” — artificial intelligence and other computerized processes, including quizzes, games, resume screening, and even advertising placement. The regulations say using such systems to analyze physical characteristics or reaction times may constitute illegal discrimination. The systems may not be used at all, the new rules say, if they have an “adverse impact” on candidates based on certain protected characteristics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft rules also require companies that sell predictive services to employers to keep records for four years in order to respond to discrimination claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crackdown is necessary in part because while businesses want to automate parts of the hiring process, “this new technology can obscure responsibility and make it harder to discern who’s responsible when a person is subjected to discriminatory decision-making,” said Ken Wang, a policy associate with the California Employment Lawyers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft regulations make it clear that third-party service providers are agents of the employer and hold employers responsible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Civil Rights Department started exploring how algorithms, a type of automated decision system, can impact job opportunities and automate discrimination in the workplace \u003ca href=\"https://calcivilrights.ca.gov/2021/05/06/dfeh-holds-civil-rights-hearing-on-algorithms-and-bias/\">in April 2021\u003c/a>. Back then, \u003ca href=\"https://autismandrace.com/\">Autistic People of Color Fund\u003c/a> founder Lydia X. Z. Brown warned the agency about the harm that hiring algorithms can inflict on people with disabilities. Brown told CalMatters that whether the new draft rules offer meaningful protection depends on how they’re implemented and enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers, advocates and journalists have amassed a body of evidence that AI models can automate discrimination, including in the workplace. Last month, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission alleging that resume screening software made by the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-30/aclu-says-in-ftc-complaint-that-aon-s-ai-tools-discriminatory\">Aon discriminates against people based on race and disability \u003c/a>despite the company’s claim that its AI is “bias-free.” An evaluation of leading artificial intelligence firm OpenAI’s GPT-3.5 technology found that the large language model \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2024-openai-gpt-hiring-racial-discrimination\">can exhibit racial bias when used to automatically sift through the resumes of job applicants\u003c/a>. Though the company uses filters to prevent the language model from producing toxic language, \u003ca href=\"https://venturebeat.com/ai/openai-debuts-gigantic-gpt-3-language-model-with-175-billion-parameters/\">internal tests of GPT-3\u003c/a> also surfaced race, gender, and religious bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Protecting people from automated bias understandably attracts a lot of attention, but sometimes hiring software that’s marketed as smart makes dumb decisions. Wearing glasses or a headscarf or having a bookshelf in the background of a video job interview can \u003ca href=\"https://interaktiv.br.de/ki-bewerbung/en/\">skew personality predictions\u003c/a>, according to an investigative report by German public broadcast station Bayerischer Rundfunk. So can \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/movement-hold-ai-accountable-gains-steam/\">the font a job applicant chooses\u003c/a> when submitting a resume, according to researchers at New York University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s proposed regulations are the latest in a series of initiatives to protect workers from businesses using harmful forms of AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, New York City lawmakers passed a law to protect job applicants from algorithmic discrimination in hiring, although researchers from Cornell University and Consumer Reports recently concluded that the law \u003ca href=\"https://innovation.consumerreports.org/new-research-nyc-algorithmic-transparency-law-is-falling-short-of-its-goals/\">has been ineffective\u003c/a>. And in 2022, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the U.S. Justice Department clarified that employers \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/ai-hiring-bias-doj-eecc-guidance/\">must comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act when using automation during hiring\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Privacy Protection Agency, meanwhile, is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/03/california-ai-rules-business/\">considering draft rules\u003c/a> that, among other things, define what information employers can collect on contractors, job applicants, and workers, allowing them to see what data employers collect and to opt out from such collection or request human review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pending legislation would further empower the source of the draft revisions, the California Civil Rights Department. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/05/ca-eu-ai-regulation/\">Assembly Bill 2930\u003c/a> would allow the department to demand impact assessments from businesses and state agencies that use AI in order to protect against automated discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of government, union leaders now increasingly argue that rank-and-file workers should be able to weigh in on the effectiveness and harms of AI in order to protect the public. Labor representatives have had conversations with California officials about specific projects as they \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/02/cdtfa-generative-ai/\">experiment with how to use AI\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "what-should-california-do-about-ai",
"title": "What Should California Do About AI?",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California is in the middle of figuring out exactly how it wants to regulate artificial intelligence. CalMatters’ Khari Johnson joins us to explain how these efforts are going — and how AI could affect all of our lives soon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC9144086163\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Links:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/05/ca-eu-ai-regulation/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">How California and the EU work together to regulate artificial intelligence\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://kqed.applytojob.com/apply/SKBRzc5oyu/Producer-The-Bay\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Apply to be The Bay’s Producer!\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra and welcome to the bay. Local news to keep you rooted. Okay. I got ChatGPT open here. Do you think A.I. is good or bad?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ChatGPT: \u003c/strong>A.I. itself isn’t inherently good or bad. It depends on how it’s used. The key is to manage and regulate A.I. to maximize benefits while minimizing harm. What are your thoughts on that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I kind of feel like that was like a politician answer. It’s kind of creepy how good you are at that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ChatGPT: \u003c/strong>I get what you mean. Do you have any specific worries or hopes about A.I.?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Well, I guess I worry that maybe we’re not regulating the technology as fast as we should, given how quickly A.I. technology is growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ChatGPT: \u003c/strong>That’s a valid concern. The pace of A.I. development often outstrips the speed of regulatory measures. Many people worry about this gap. Governments and organizations are trying to catch up, but it can be challenging. What aspects of A.I. regulation? Where are you the most?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I mean, I feel like you just said it, but here we are. California is in the middle of deciding exactly how it wants to regulate artificial intelligence. It’s also getting help from the European Union, which just passed some of the strictest A.I. regulations anywhere. Today, how California is trying to regulate A.I. and how this technology could affect all of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Khari, let’s start very, very basic here. When we’re talking about air in this conversation, what exactly are we talking about? What kind of technology?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>We’re talking about a system that has the ability to make predictions, recommendations or decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Khari Johnson is a tech reporter for CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>That system is created through training data and that sort of used as the input in those recommendations or decisions or the output. Those decisions or recommendations or predictions can determine what, you know, shown to you on Netflix or on Spotify. But they can also determine more important things about your life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Those systems can determine whether or not people will receive benefits. You know, businesses can use them to determine whether or not to extend your line of credit or rent you an apartment or mortgage. So there’s lots of different ways that it can show up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I mean, what companies and institutions here in the Bay Area in particular have the biggest stake in the growth of this technology?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>I’d say the stake for AI in the bay areas is just massive. The Bay Area outraised the rest of the world in AI investments. Quite often the Bay Area makes large contributions to the AI research community globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>You know, the generative AI advances that really started with GPT three in fall of 2022 come from OpenAI, which is based in San Francisco. Nvidia is one of the largest companies by market cap in the world today and they’re here in the Bay Area. And Google and Apple are of course big parts of the conversation as well and.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>In universities as well, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Absolutely. Stanford and UC Berkeley are a big part of the AI research community globally. You know, the machine learning community really looks to both of those schools in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I mean, Khari, we’re talking about a really rapidly growing technology. What have the reactions been to this growing industry? I feel like I’ve seen a lot of excitement, but I’ve also seen a good amount of fear and concern as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>You know, I think there are companies out there that would say that there are shortages in some places and that it’s helpful to have A.I. there to fill in the gap, you know, that it might improve people’s lives in different ways. There’s been a series of surveys of people’s feelings about artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>There is a Reuters one out last year that felt that I might have something to do with human extinction at some point. I think there’s been some studies that would show that, you know, the fear surrounding that might be a bit ahead of, you know, what people are concerned about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>But, you know, I think the it prompts fears of job loss that I worry most about people who are entry level or somebody that might apply for an internship and the sort of tutelage that they might have received a decade ago, you know, a generation ago might just disappear in a space where somebody says, we’ll catch up to you can do it for me instead. I worry about that a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>And there definitely are forms of this technology that are capable of doing things that might improve people’s lives. And there definitely are the instances where there might be bias within the model based on the data that it was, you know, that was used to train it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>But also sometimes it’s just snake oil, sometimes it’s just pseudoscience wrapped up in, you know, marketing and technology. And you can’t tell the difference because, you know, maybe you don’t have the immediate know how to tell that and then look under the hood and say, hey, wait a minute, there’s no there there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I wonder, too, how leaders are reacting to the rapid growth of A.I..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>I think there are some leaders who want to say artificial intelligence because they want to be associated with the word and see it in a headline and do the simple math of if they’re associated with a topic that a lot of people are talking about, then that might be beneficial to them. I think people should be wary of that. I know that lobbyists from large companies are busy in state houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>More than 40 states are considering draft rules to regulate artificial intelligence. And I’m sure there are conversations that are taking place with business groups and industry to inform or influence those bills. But essentially, Congress hasn’t done much. States are attempting to regulate the technology in order to keep people safe. And so that’s what California is certainly doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>And there’s a handful of bills that are under consideration that will be deliberated within the next few weeks, really to see how the state responds. And in doing so, there’s been some extensive conversations with members of the European Union, which just completed a long process to determine just how to regulate artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Yeah, let’s get into that. You reported on this story on how the European Union is concerned about regulating AI and how it’s hoping California will adopt similar regulations. I mean, how would you characterize the European Union’s response to regulating AI, maybe even in comparison to the U.S.?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>I think it’s fair to say that the European Union started regulating artificial intelligence well before we did in the United States, and they’ve completed a major comprehensive framework for that work on the European Air Act, started around 2017, 2018, and I believe concluded a couple of weeks ago. It’s a risk based approach to artificial intelligence regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>And so it requires governments to define certain uses of the technology as high risk. And those types of models are subject to higher levels of testing. And it’s the first comprehensive framework of its kind. I think it’s important to point out that the European Union looks at things like predictive policing as something that shouldn’t exist in society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>European Union bans emotion recognition at schools and in the workplace, and social credit scores like the kind that they use in China to reward or punish certain kinds of behavior. And those are exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Other examples of these are the technology that they arrived at, the decision that certain forms of it deserve a ban, not just strict limits. But this should not exist in our society. And we have to deliberate on the same questions as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Coming up, how California and the EU are working together to regulate A.I.. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>The EU has attempted to get California to pass similar regulations. How has the EU tried to do that? How have they tried to rope California in?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Well, I’d say that the European Union has been active in conversations with legislators, and one of the more recent meetings took place between Senator Tom Hamburg from Orange County, who’s the chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Assembly member Rebecca Bauer-Kahan, who is the chair of the Privacy and Consumer Protection Committee and author of a 2930 a bill that would empower the Civil Rights Department within the state of California to demand businesses and state agencies respond to requests for impact assessments of A.I. models in order to attempt to prevent automated discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Senator Scott Wiener, who is author of a bill, puts stricter rules on the developers of foundation models or advanced A.I. models. And Assembly member Buffy Wicks offer AB 3211, which would require large online platforms to place watermarks on air generated content so people don’t get their belated or fall victim to misinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gerard de Graaf: \u003c/strong>Well, I visit Sacramento probably about once a week, at least 2 or 3 times a month. I mean, it’s not been as hot this year as it is today. So.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Gerard de Graaf, the director of the San Francisco office and the EU tech envoy to the United States met with all of these lawmakers in April and continues to be in conversation with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gerard de Graaf: \u003c/strong>There’s a fruitful, constructive discussion going on between the EU and the state of California. I mean, you have the California effect in in the US, we have the Brussels effect globally. I mean, if the California effect can meet the Brussels effect, we can set the standard for the world democratic kind of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>It’s something that, you know, the European Union, in order to help businesses comply with the law, to coordinate and have a uniform approach, can get us closer to a point where a California and EU standard is becomes more of a global standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I mean, what should we make of these biggest series of bills in California, Carrie? Like, would you say that these together make for a pretty strong regulations on AI, especially compared to the EU? Or are they are they much weaker?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>You know, in the interview that I had with Sherrod in in April, he mentioned that between the three, those bills would encompass the majority of the principles that you can find within the AI Act. But, you know, I think we got to wait basically until August to answer that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>I think there’s going to be a series of amendments potentially within the next couple of weeks and months that will let us know just how strong or weak it is. But, you know, it’s it’s something that I think Senator Umberg mentioned in an interview with KQED that getting it right is a balance between protecting innovation for the series of companies here in California and the Bay Area that are building A.I.. And, you know, California is a center of this industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tom Umberg \u003c/strong>We could get this wrong. And if we get it wrong and we bear on the side of allowing too much risk, the consequences could be catastrophic. And if we ere on the side of being too restrictive, we could strangle the A.I. industry. And in all places like San Francisco, that’s absolutely critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>What are the stakes, I guess, of getting this right? How how important is it that we figure out the right regulations for AI as soon as possible?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>It really is a matter of being able to protect yourself, protect your family, protect your community. The AI is a technology that can do things that seemed impossible before, you know, but it can also concentrate power. It can enable human rights abuses and it can do all of these things without their knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>The risk of that happening falls largest on our most vulnerable people in our society. And I think that that’s the big takeaway for people is, you know, the consequences of of people’s, you know, essential liberties and human rights are at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Khari, thanks so much for joining us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Absolutely. Thanks for having me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>That was Khari Johnson, a tech reporter for Cal Matters. This 40 minute conversation with Khari was cut down and edited by Tamuna Chkareuli. Ellie Prickett-Morgan is our intern, they scored this episode and edited out the tape. Alan Montecillo is our senior editor. Additional production support from me Music courtesy of the audio network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>The Bay is made by me and Alan Montecillo, Ellie Prickett Morgan. With support from Jen Chien, Katie Sprenger, Cesar Saldana, Maha Sanad, Holly Kernan. We’re production of listeners supported KQED in San Francisco. I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra talk to you next week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California is in the middle of figuring out exactly how it wants to regulate artificial intelligence. CalMatters’ Khari Johnson joins us to explain how these efforts are going — and how AI could affect all of our lives soon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC9144086163\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Links:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/05/ca-eu-ai-regulation/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">How California and the EU work together to regulate artificial intelligence\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://kqed.applytojob.com/apply/SKBRzc5oyu/Producer-The-Bay\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Apply to be The Bay’s Producer!\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-content post-body\">\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra and welcome to the bay. Local news to keep you rooted. Okay. I got ChatGPT open here. Do you think A.I. is good or bad?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ChatGPT: \u003c/strong>A.I. itself isn’t inherently good or bad. It depends on how it’s used. The key is to manage and regulate A.I. to maximize benefits while minimizing harm. What are your thoughts on that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I kind of feel like that was like a politician answer. It’s kind of creepy how good you are at that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ChatGPT: \u003c/strong>I get what you mean. Do you have any specific worries or hopes about A.I.?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Well, I guess I worry that maybe we’re not regulating the technology as fast as we should, given how quickly A.I. technology is growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ChatGPT: \u003c/strong>That’s a valid concern. The pace of A.I. development often outstrips the speed of regulatory measures. Many people worry about this gap. Governments and organizations are trying to catch up, but it can be challenging. What aspects of A.I. regulation? Where are you the most?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I mean, I feel like you just said it, but here we are. California is in the middle of deciding exactly how it wants to regulate artificial intelligence. It’s also getting help from the European Union, which just passed some of the strictest A.I. regulations anywhere. Today, how California is trying to regulate A.I. and how this technology could affect all of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Khari, let’s start very, very basic here. When we’re talking about air in this conversation, what exactly are we talking about? What kind of technology?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>We’re talking about a system that has the ability to make predictions, recommendations or decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Khari Johnson is a tech reporter for CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>That system is created through training data and that sort of used as the input in those recommendations or decisions or the output. Those decisions or recommendations or predictions can determine what, you know, shown to you on Netflix or on Spotify. But they can also determine more important things about your life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Those systems can determine whether or not people will receive benefits. You know, businesses can use them to determine whether or not to extend your line of credit or rent you an apartment or mortgage. So there’s lots of different ways that it can show up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I mean, what companies and institutions here in the Bay Area in particular have the biggest stake in the growth of this technology?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>I’d say the stake for AI in the bay areas is just massive. The Bay Area outraised the rest of the world in AI investments. Quite often the Bay Area makes large contributions to the AI research community globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>You know, the generative AI advances that really started with GPT three in fall of 2022 come from OpenAI, which is based in San Francisco. Nvidia is one of the largest companies by market cap in the world today and they’re here in the Bay Area. And Google and Apple are of course big parts of the conversation as well and.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>In universities as well, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Absolutely. Stanford and UC Berkeley are a big part of the AI research community globally. You know, the machine learning community really looks to both of those schools in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I mean, Khari, we’re talking about a really rapidly growing technology. What have the reactions been to this growing industry? I feel like I’ve seen a lot of excitement, but I’ve also seen a good amount of fear and concern as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>You know, I think there are companies out there that would say that there are shortages in some places and that it’s helpful to have A.I. there to fill in the gap, you know, that it might improve people’s lives in different ways. There’s been a series of surveys of people’s feelings about artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>There is a Reuters one out last year that felt that I might have something to do with human extinction at some point. I think there’s been some studies that would show that, you know, the fear surrounding that might be a bit ahead of, you know, what people are concerned about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>But, you know, I think the it prompts fears of job loss that I worry most about people who are entry level or somebody that might apply for an internship and the sort of tutelage that they might have received a decade ago, you know, a generation ago might just disappear in a space where somebody says, we’ll catch up to you can do it for me instead. I worry about that a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>And there definitely are forms of this technology that are capable of doing things that might improve people’s lives. And there definitely are the instances where there might be bias within the model based on the data that it was, you know, that was used to train it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>But also sometimes it’s just snake oil, sometimes it’s just pseudoscience wrapped up in, you know, marketing and technology. And you can’t tell the difference because, you know, maybe you don’t have the immediate know how to tell that and then look under the hood and say, hey, wait a minute, there’s no there there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I wonder, too, how leaders are reacting to the rapid growth of A.I..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>I think there are some leaders who want to say artificial intelligence because they want to be associated with the word and see it in a headline and do the simple math of if they’re associated with a topic that a lot of people are talking about, then that might be beneficial to them. I think people should be wary of that. I know that lobbyists from large companies are busy in state houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>More than 40 states are considering draft rules to regulate artificial intelligence. And I’m sure there are conversations that are taking place with business groups and industry to inform or influence those bills. But essentially, Congress hasn’t done much. States are attempting to regulate the technology in order to keep people safe. And so that’s what California is certainly doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>And there’s a handful of bills that are under consideration that will be deliberated within the next few weeks, really to see how the state responds. And in doing so, there’s been some extensive conversations with members of the European Union, which just completed a long process to determine just how to regulate artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Yeah, let’s get into that. You reported on this story on how the European Union is concerned about regulating AI and how it’s hoping California will adopt similar regulations. I mean, how would you characterize the European Union’s response to regulating AI, maybe even in comparison to the U.S.?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>I think it’s fair to say that the European Union started regulating artificial intelligence well before we did in the United States, and they’ve completed a major comprehensive framework for that work on the European Air Act, started around 2017, 2018, and I believe concluded a couple of weeks ago. It’s a risk based approach to artificial intelligence regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>And so it requires governments to define certain uses of the technology as high risk. And those types of models are subject to higher levels of testing. And it’s the first comprehensive framework of its kind. I think it’s important to point out that the European Union looks at things like predictive policing as something that shouldn’t exist in society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>European Union bans emotion recognition at schools and in the workplace, and social credit scores like the kind that they use in China to reward or punish certain kinds of behavior. And those are exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Other examples of these are the technology that they arrived at, the decision that certain forms of it deserve a ban, not just strict limits. But this should not exist in our society. And we have to deliberate on the same questions as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Coming up, how California and the EU are working together to regulate A.I.. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>The EU has attempted to get California to pass similar regulations. How has the EU tried to do that? How have they tried to rope California in?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Well, I’d say that the European Union has been active in conversations with legislators, and one of the more recent meetings took place between Senator Tom Hamburg from Orange County, who’s the chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Assembly member Rebecca Bauer-Kahan, who is the chair of the Privacy and Consumer Protection Committee and author of a 2930 a bill that would empower the Civil Rights Department within the state of California to demand businesses and state agencies respond to requests for impact assessments of A.I. models in order to attempt to prevent automated discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Senator Scott Wiener, who is author of a bill, puts stricter rules on the developers of foundation models or advanced A.I. models. And Assembly member Buffy Wicks offer AB 3211, which would require large online platforms to place watermarks on air generated content so people don’t get their belated or fall victim to misinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gerard de Graaf: \u003c/strong>Well, I visit Sacramento probably about once a week, at least 2 or 3 times a month. I mean, it’s not been as hot this year as it is today. So.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Gerard de Graaf, the director of the San Francisco office and the EU tech envoy to the United States met with all of these lawmakers in April and continues to be in conversation with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gerard de Graaf: \u003c/strong>There’s a fruitful, constructive discussion going on between the EU and the state of California. I mean, you have the California effect in in the US, we have the Brussels effect globally. I mean, if the California effect can meet the Brussels effect, we can set the standard for the world democratic kind of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>It’s something that, you know, the European Union, in order to help businesses comply with the law, to coordinate and have a uniform approach, can get us closer to a point where a California and EU standard is becomes more of a global standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I mean, what should we make of these biggest series of bills in California, Carrie? Like, would you say that these together make for a pretty strong regulations on AI, especially compared to the EU? Or are they are they much weaker?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>You know, in the interview that I had with Sherrod in in April, he mentioned that between the three, those bills would encompass the majority of the principles that you can find within the AI Act. But, you know, I think we got to wait basically until August to answer that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>I think there’s going to be a series of amendments potentially within the next couple of weeks and months that will let us know just how strong or weak it is. But, you know, it’s it’s something that I think Senator Umberg mentioned in an interview with KQED that getting it right is a balance between protecting innovation for the series of companies here in California and the Bay Area that are building A.I.. And, you know, California is a center of this industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tom Umberg \u003c/strong>We could get this wrong. And if we get it wrong and we bear on the side of allowing too much risk, the consequences could be catastrophic. And if we ere on the side of being too restrictive, we could strangle the A.I. industry. And in all places like San Francisco, that’s absolutely critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>What are the stakes, I guess, of getting this right? How how important is it that we figure out the right regulations for AI as soon as possible?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>It really is a matter of being able to protect yourself, protect your family, protect your community. The AI is a technology that can do things that seemed impossible before, you know, but it can also concentrate power. It can enable human rights abuses and it can do all of these things without their knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>The risk of that happening falls largest on our most vulnerable people in our society. And I think that that’s the big takeaway for people is, you know, the consequences of of people’s, you know, essential liberties and human rights are at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Khari, thanks so much for joining us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Khari Johnson: \u003c/strong>Absolutely. Thanks for having me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>That was Khari Johnson, a tech reporter for Cal Matters. This 40 minute conversation with Khari was cut down and edited by Tamuna Chkareuli. Ellie Prickett-Morgan is our intern, they scored this episode and edited out the tape. Alan Montecillo is our senior editor. Additional production support from me Music courtesy of the audio network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>The Bay is made by me and Alan Montecillo, Ellie Prickett Morgan. With support from Jen Chien, Katie Sprenger, Cesar Saldana, Maha Sanad, Holly Kernan. We’re production of listeners supported KQED in San Francisco. I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra talk to you next week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>"
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"content": "\u003cp>Your children could be some of a growing number of California kids having their writing graded by software instead of a teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California school districts are signing more contracts for artificial intelligence tools, from automated grading in San Diego to chatbots in central California, Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>English teachers say AI tools can help them grade papers faster, get students more feedback, and improve their learning experience. However, guidelines are vague, and adoption by teachers and districts is spotty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education can’t tell you which schools use AI or how much they pay for it. The state doesn’t track AI use by school districts, said Katherine Goyette, computer science coordinator for the California Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Goyette said chatbots are the most common form of AI she’s encountered in schools, more and more California teachers are using AI tools to help grade student work. That’s consistent with surveys that have found \u003ca href=\"https://www.waltonfamilyfoundation.org/chatgpt-used-by-teachers-more-than-students-new-survey-from-walton-family-foundation-finds\">teachers use AI as often, if not more than students\u003c/a>, news that contrasts sharply with headlines about fears of students cheating with AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers use AI to do things like personalize reading material, create lesson plans, and other tasks in order to \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/teachers-are-going-all-in-on-generative-ai/\">save time and and reduce burnout\u003c/a>. A report issued last fall in response to an \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/03/california-ai-purchasing-guidelines/\">AI executive order by Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> mentions opportunities to use AI for tutoring, summarization, and personalized content generation but also labels education a risky use case. Generative AI tools have been known to create convincing but inaccurate answers to questions and use\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/efforts-make-text-ai-less-racist-terrible/\"> toxic language\u003c/a> or imagery laden with racism or sexism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/pd/ca/cs/aiincalifornia.asp\">issued guidance\u003c/a> for how educators should use the technology last fall, one of seven states to do so. It encourages critical analysis of text and imagery created by AI models and conversations between teachers and students about what amounts to ethical or appropriate use of AI in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no specific mention is made of how teachers should treat AI that grades assignments. Additionally, the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=33308.5&lawCode=EDC\">California education code\u003c/a> states that guidance from the state is “merely exemplary and that compliance with the guidelines is not mandatory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988689\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988689\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup of a laptop screen.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29-1229x1536.jpg 1229w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">English teacher Jen Roberts uses Writeable, an AI platform, to grade students’ work at Point Loma High School in San Diego on May 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Goyette said she’s waiting to see if the California Legislature passes \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1288?slug=CA_202320240SB1288\">Senate Bill 1288\u003c/a>, which would require state Superintendent Tony Thurmond to create an AI working group to issue further guidance to local school districts on how to safely use AI. Cosponsored by Thurmond, the bill also calls for an assessment of the current state of AI in education and for the identification of forms of AI that can harm students and educators by 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody tracks what AI tools school districts are adopting or the policy they use to enforce standards, said Alix Gallagher, head of strategic partnerships at the Policy Analysis for California Education center at Stanford University. Since the state does not track curriculum that school districts adopt or software in use, it would be highly unusual for them to track AI contracts, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11988031,news_11987803,mindshift_63809\" label=\"Related Stories\"]Amid AI hype, Gallagher thinks people can lose sight of the fact that the technology is just a tool and it will only be as good or problematic as the decisions of the humans using that tool, which is why she repeatedly urges investments in helping teachers understand AI tools and how to be thoughtful about their use and making space for communities are given voice about how to best meet their kid’s needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people will probably make some pretty bad decisions that are not in the best interests of kids, and some other people might find ways to use maybe even the same tools to enrich student experiences,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Teachers use AI to grade English papers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last summer, Jen Roberts, an English teacher at Point Loma High School in San Diego, went to a training session to learn how to use Writable, an AI tool that automates grading writing assignments and gives students feedback powered by OpenAI. For the past school year, Roberts used Writable and other AI tools in the classroom, and she said it’s been the best year yet of nearly three decades of teaching. Roberts said it has made her students better writers, not because AI did the writing for them, but because automated feedback can tell her students faster than she can how to improve, which in turn allows her to hand out more writing assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point last year, a lot of students were still struggling to write a paragraph, let alone an essay with evidence and claims and reasoning and explanation and elaboration and all of that,” Roberts said. “This year, they’re just getting there faster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts feels Writable is “very accurate” when grading her students of average aptitude. But, she said, there’s a downside: It sometimes assigns high-performing students lower grades than merited and struggling students higher grades. She said she routinely checks answers when the AI grades assignments but only checks the feedback it gives students occasionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In actual practicality, I do not look at the feedback it gives every single student,” she said. “That’s just not a great use of my time. But I do a lot of spot checking, and I see what’s going on, and if I see a student that I’m worried about get feedback, (I’m like) ‘Let me go look at what his feedback is and then go talk to him about that.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988687\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988687\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18.jpg\" alt=\"Students sit at desks with laptops in front of them in a classroom.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students read during Jen Roberts’ English class at Point Loma High School in San Diego on May 3, 2024. Roberts uses AI platforms for classroom exercises and grading. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alex Rainey teaches English to fourth graders at Chico Country Day School in northern California. She used GPT-4, a language model made by OpenAI which costs $20 a month, to grade papers and provide feedback. After uploading her grading rubric and examples of her written feedback, she used AI to grade assignments about animal defense mechanisms, allowing GPT-4 to analyze students’ grammar and sentence structure while she focused on assessing creativity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988685\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup of a laptop screen.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student uses Magic School, an AI platform, to help generate ideas for a classroom writing prompt at Point Loma High School in San Diego on May 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I feel like the feedback it gave was very similar to how I grade my kids like my brain was tapped into it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Roberts, she found that it saves time, transforming work that took hours into less than an hour, but she also found that sometimes GPT-4 is a tougher grader than she is. She agrees that quicker feedback and the ability to dole out more writing assignments produces better writers. A teacher can assign more writing before delivering feedback, but “then kids have nothing to grow from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainey said her experience grading with GPT-4 left her in agreement with Roberts, that more feedback and writing more often produces better writers. She feels strongly that teachers still need to oversee grading and feedback by AI, “but I think it’s amazing. I couldn’t go backwards now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The cost of using AI in the classroom\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Contracts involving artificial intelligence can be lucrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To launch a chatbot named Ed, the Los Angeles Unified School District signed a $6.2 million contract for two years with the option of renewing for three additional years. Educators in Los Angeles use magic School AI and costs $100 per teacher per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite repeated calls and emails over the span of roughly a month, Writable and the San Diego Unified School District declined to share pricing details with CalMatters. A district spokesperson said teachers got access to Writeable through a contract with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt for English language learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QuillBot is an AI-powered writing tool for students in grades 4-12 made by the company Quill. Quill says its tool is currently used at 1,000 schools in California and has more than 13,000 student and educator users in San Diego alone. An annual Quill Premium subscription costs $80 per teacher or $1800 per school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QuillBot does not generate writing for students like ChatGPT or grade writing assignments but gives students feedback on their writing. Quill is a nonprofit that’s raised $20 million from groups like Google’s charitable foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation over the past 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988683\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09.jpg\" alt=\"A white woman wearing glasses and a black seater with a a dark red shirt points at a board while students at desks with laptops look.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">English teacher Jen Roberts explains to her students how she uses Magic School, an AI platform, at Point Loma High School in San Diego on May 3, 2024. Roberts uses AI platforms for classroom exercises and grading. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even if a teacher or district wants to shell out for an AI tool, guidance for safe and responsible use is still getting worked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governments are placing high-risk labels on forms of AI with the power to make critical decisions about \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/05/ca-eu-ai-regulation/\">whether a person gets a job or rents an apartment or receives government benefits\u003c/a>. California Federation of Teachers President Jeff Freitas said he hasn’t considered whether AI for grading is moderate or high risk, but “it definitely is a risk to use for grading.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Federation of Teachers is a union with 120,000 members. Freitas told CalMatters he’s concerned about AI having a number of consequences in the classroom. He’s worried administrators may use it to justify increasing classroom sizes or adding to teacher workloads; he’s worried about climate change and the amount of energy needed to train and deploy AI models’ he’s worried about protecting students’ privacy, and he’s worried about automation bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators around the world are wrestling with AI praise approaches where it is used to \u003cem>augment \u003c/em>human decision-making instead of replacing it. But it’s difficult for laws to account for automation bias and humans becoming placing too much trust in machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Federation of Teachers created an AI working group in October 2023 to propose guidance on how educators should use the technology or talk about it in collective bargaining contract negotiations. Freitas said those guidelines are due out in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to provide guidelines for educators to not solely rely on (AI), he said. “It should be used as a tool, and you should not lose your critical analysis of what it’s producing for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State AI guidelines for teachers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Goyette, the computer science coordinator for the education department, helped create state AI guidelines and speaks to county offices of education for in-person training on AI for educators. She also helped create an online AI training series for educators. She said the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QXvYEjGKbI\">most popular online course is about workflow and efficiency\u003c/a>, which shows teachers how to automate lesson planning and grading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Teachers have an incredibly important and tough job, and what’s most important is that they’re building relationships with their students,” she said. “There’s decades of research that speaks to the power of that, so if they can save time on mundane tasks so that they can spend more time with their students, that’s a win.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988684\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11.jpg\" alt=\"A white woman wearing glasses and a black seater with a a dark red shirt stand behind students sitting at desks in a classroom. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">English teacher Jen Roberts checks on her student’s work at Point Loma High School in San Diego on May 3, 2024. Roberts uses AI platforms for classroom exercises and grading. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alex Kotran, chief executive of an education nonprofit that’s supported by Google and OpenAI, said they found that it’s hard to design a language model to predictably match how a teacher grades papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spoke with teachers willing to accept a model that’s accurate 80% of the time in order to reap the reward of time saved, but he thinks it’s probably safe to say that a student or parent would want to make sure an AI model used for grading is even more accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kotran of the AI Education Project thinks it makes sense for school districts to adopt a policy that says teachers should be wary any time they use AI tools that can have disparate effects on student’s lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with such a policy, teachers can still fall victim to trusting AI without question. And even if the state kept track of AI used by school districts, there’s still the possibility that teachers will purchase technology for use on their personal computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kotran said he routinely speaks with educators across the U.S. and is not aware of any systematic studies to verify the effectiveness and consistency of AI for grading English papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-when-teachers-can-t-tell-if-they-re-cheating\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">When teachers can’t tell if they’re cheating\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Roberts, the Point Loma High School teacher, describes herself as pro technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She \u003ca href=\"http://www.litandtech.com/\">regularly writes\u003c/a> and speaks about AI. Her experiences have led her to the opinion that grading with AI is what’s best for her students, but she didn’t arrive at that conclusion easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, she questioned whether using AI for grading and feedback could hurt her understanding of her students. Today, she views using AI as the cross-country coach who rides alongside student-athletes in a golf cart, like an aid that helps her assist her students better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988688\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988688\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20.jpg\" alt=\"A hand rests on a laptop keyboard with a book beside it.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student scrolls through their laptop during class at Point Loma High School in San Diego on May 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roberts says the average high school English teacher in her district has roughly 180 students. Grading and feedback can take between five to 10 minutes per assignment, she says, so between teaching, meetings, and other duties, it can take two to three weeks to get feedback back into the hands of students unless a teacher decides to give up large chunks of their weekends. With AI, it takes Roberts a day or two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, she concluded, “If my students are growing as writers, then I don’t think I’m cheating.” She says AI reduces her fatigue, giving her more time to focus on struggling students and giving them more detailed feedback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My job is to make sure you grow and that you’re a healthy, happy, literate adult by the time you graduate from high school, and I will use any tool that helps me do that, and I’m not going to get hung up on the moral aspects of that,” she said. “My job is not to spend every Saturday reading essays. Way too many English teachers work way too many hours a week because they are grading students the old-fashioned way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts also thinks AI might be a less biased grader in some instances than human teachers, who can adjust their grading for students sometimes to give them the benefit of the doubt or be punitive if they were particularly annoying in class recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She isn’t worried about students cheating with AI, a concern she characterizes as a moral panic. She points to a \u003ca href=\"https://ed.stanford.edu/news/what-do-ai-chatbots-really-mean-students-and-cheating\">Stanford University study\u003c/a> released last fall, which found that students cheated just as much before the advent of ChatGPT as they did a year after the release of the AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goyette said she understands why students question whether some AI use by teachers is like cheating. Education department AI guidelines encourage teachers and students to use the technology more. What’s essential, Goyette said, is that teachers discuss what ethical use of AI looks like in their classroom and convey that — like using a calculator in math class — using AI is accepted or encouraged for some assignments and not others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last assignment of the year, Robers has one final experiment to run: Edit an essay written entirely by AI. However, they must change at least 50% of the text, make it 25% longer, write their own thesis, and add quotes from classroom reading material. The idea, she said, is to prepare them for a future where AI writes the first draft and humans edit the results to fit their needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It used to be you weren’t allowed to bring a calculator into the SATs, and now you’re supposed to bring your calculator, so things change,” she said. “It’s just moral panic. Things change, and people freak out, and that’s what’s happening.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Your children could be some of a growing number of California kids having their writing graded by software instead of a teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California school districts are signing more contracts for artificial intelligence tools, from automated grading in San Diego to chatbots in central California, Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>English teachers say AI tools can help them grade papers faster, get students more feedback, and improve their learning experience. However, guidelines are vague, and adoption by teachers and districts is spotty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education can’t tell you which schools use AI or how much they pay for it. The state doesn’t track AI use by school districts, said Katherine Goyette, computer science coordinator for the California Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Goyette said chatbots are the most common form of AI she’s encountered in schools, more and more California teachers are using AI tools to help grade student work. That’s consistent with surveys that have found \u003ca href=\"https://www.waltonfamilyfoundation.org/chatgpt-used-by-teachers-more-than-students-new-survey-from-walton-family-foundation-finds\">teachers use AI as often, if not more than students\u003c/a>, news that contrasts sharply with headlines about fears of students cheating with AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers use AI to do things like personalize reading material, create lesson plans, and other tasks in order to \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/teachers-are-going-all-in-on-generative-ai/\">save time and and reduce burnout\u003c/a>. A report issued last fall in response to an \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/03/california-ai-purchasing-guidelines/\">AI executive order by Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> mentions opportunities to use AI for tutoring, summarization, and personalized content generation but also labels education a risky use case. Generative AI tools have been known to create convincing but inaccurate answers to questions and use\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/efforts-make-text-ai-less-racist-terrible/\"> toxic language\u003c/a> or imagery laden with racism or sexism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/pd/ca/cs/aiincalifornia.asp\">issued guidance\u003c/a> for how educators should use the technology last fall, one of seven states to do so. It encourages critical analysis of text and imagery created by AI models and conversations between teachers and students about what amounts to ethical or appropriate use of AI in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no specific mention is made of how teachers should treat AI that grades assignments. Additionally, the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=33308.5&lawCode=EDC\">California education code\u003c/a> states that guidance from the state is “merely exemplary and that compliance with the guidelines is not mandatory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988689\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988689\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup of a laptop screen.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_29-1229x1536.jpg 1229w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">English teacher Jen Roberts uses Writeable, an AI platform, to grade students’ work at Point Loma High School in San Diego on May 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Goyette said she’s waiting to see if the California Legislature passes \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1288?slug=CA_202320240SB1288\">Senate Bill 1288\u003c/a>, which would require state Superintendent Tony Thurmond to create an AI working group to issue further guidance to local school districts on how to safely use AI. Cosponsored by Thurmond, the bill also calls for an assessment of the current state of AI in education and for the identification of forms of AI that can harm students and educators by 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody tracks what AI tools school districts are adopting or the policy they use to enforce standards, said Alix Gallagher, head of strategic partnerships at the Policy Analysis for California Education center at Stanford University. Since the state does not track curriculum that school districts adopt or software in use, it would be highly unusual for them to track AI contracts, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Amid AI hype, Gallagher thinks people can lose sight of the fact that the technology is just a tool and it will only be as good or problematic as the decisions of the humans using that tool, which is why she repeatedly urges investments in helping teachers understand AI tools and how to be thoughtful about their use and making space for communities are given voice about how to best meet their kid’s needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people will probably make some pretty bad decisions that are not in the best interests of kids, and some other people might find ways to use maybe even the same tools to enrich student experiences,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Teachers use AI to grade English papers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last summer, Jen Roberts, an English teacher at Point Loma High School in San Diego, went to a training session to learn how to use Writable, an AI tool that automates grading writing assignments and gives students feedback powered by OpenAI. For the past school year, Roberts used Writable and other AI tools in the classroom, and she said it’s been the best year yet of nearly three decades of teaching. Roberts said it has made her students better writers, not because AI did the writing for them, but because automated feedback can tell her students faster than she can how to improve, which in turn allows her to hand out more writing assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point last year, a lot of students were still struggling to write a paragraph, let alone an essay with evidence and claims and reasoning and explanation and elaboration and all of that,” Roberts said. “This year, they’re just getting there faster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts feels Writable is “very accurate” when grading her students of average aptitude. But, she said, there’s a downside: It sometimes assigns high-performing students lower grades than merited and struggling students higher grades. She said she routinely checks answers when the AI grades assignments but only checks the feedback it gives students occasionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In actual practicality, I do not look at the feedback it gives every single student,” she said. “That’s just not a great use of my time. But I do a lot of spot checking, and I see what’s going on, and if I see a student that I’m worried about get feedback, (I’m like) ‘Let me go look at what his feedback is and then go talk to him about that.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988687\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988687\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18.jpg\" alt=\"Students sit at desks with laptops in front of them in a classroom.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_18-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students read during Jen Roberts’ English class at Point Loma High School in San Diego on May 3, 2024. Roberts uses AI platforms for classroom exercises and grading. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alex Rainey teaches English to fourth graders at Chico Country Day School in northern California. She used GPT-4, a language model made by OpenAI which costs $20 a month, to grade papers and provide feedback. After uploading her grading rubric and examples of her written feedback, she used AI to grade assignments about animal defense mechanisms, allowing GPT-4 to analyze students’ grammar and sentence structure while she focused on assessing creativity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988685\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup of a laptop screen.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_12-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student uses Magic School, an AI platform, to help generate ideas for a classroom writing prompt at Point Loma High School in San Diego on May 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I feel like the feedback it gave was very similar to how I grade my kids like my brain was tapped into it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Roberts, she found that it saves time, transforming work that took hours into less than an hour, but she also found that sometimes GPT-4 is a tougher grader than she is. She agrees that quicker feedback and the ability to dole out more writing assignments produces better writers. A teacher can assign more writing before delivering feedback, but “then kids have nothing to grow from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainey said her experience grading with GPT-4 left her in agreement with Roberts, that more feedback and writing more often produces better writers. She feels strongly that teachers still need to oversee grading and feedback by AI, “but I think it’s amazing. I couldn’t go backwards now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The cost of using AI in the classroom\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Contracts involving artificial intelligence can be lucrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To launch a chatbot named Ed, the Los Angeles Unified School District signed a $6.2 million contract for two years with the option of renewing for three additional years. Educators in Los Angeles use magic School AI and costs $100 per teacher per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite repeated calls and emails over the span of roughly a month, Writable and the San Diego Unified School District declined to share pricing details with CalMatters. A district spokesperson said teachers got access to Writeable through a contract with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt for English language learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QuillBot is an AI-powered writing tool for students in grades 4-12 made by the company Quill. Quill says its tool is currently used at 1,000 schools in California and has more than 13,000 student and educator users in San Diego alone. An annual Quill Premium subscription costs $80 per teacher or $1800 per school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QuillBot does not generate writing for students like ChatGPT or grade writing assignments but gives students feedback on their writing. Quill is a nonprofit that’s raised $20 million from groups like Google’s charitable foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation over the past 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988683\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09.jpg\" alt=\"A white woman wearing glasses and a black seater with a a dark red shirt points at a board while students at desks with laptops look.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_09-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">English teacher Jen Roberts explains to her students how she uses Magic School, an AI platform, at Point Loma High School in San Diego on May 3, 2024. Roberts uses AI platforms for classroom exercises and grading. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even if a teacher or district wants to shell out for an AI tool, guidance for safe and responsible use is still getting worked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governments are placing high-risk labels on forms of AI with the power to make critical decisions about \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/05/ca-eu-ai-regulation/\">whether a person gets a job or rents an apartment or receives government benefits\u003c/a>. California Federation of Teachers President Jeff Freitas said he hasn’t considered whether AI for grading is moderate or high risk, but “it definitely is a risk to use for grading.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Federation of Teachers is a union with 120,000 members. Freitas told CalMatters he’s concerned about AI having a number of consequences in the classroom. He’s worried administrators may use it to justify increasing classroom sizes or adding to teacher workloads; he’s worried about climate change and the amount of energy needed to train and deploy AI models’ he’s worried about protecting students’ privacy, and he’s worried about automation bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators around the world are wrestling with AI praise approaches where it is used to \u003cem>augment \u003c/em>human decision-making instead of replacing it. But it’s difficult for laws to account for automation bias and humans becoming placing too much trust in machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Federation of Teachers created an AI working group in October 2023 to propose guidance on how educators should use the technology or talk about it in collective bargaining contract negotiations. Freitas said those guidelines are due out in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to provide guidelines for educators to not solely rely on (AI), he said. “It should be used as a tool, and you should not lose your critical analysis of what it’s producing for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State AI guidelines for teachers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Goyette, the computer science coordinator for the education department, helped create state AI guidelines and speaks to county offices of education for in-person training on AI for educators. She also helped create an online AI training series for educators. She said the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QXvYEjGKbI\">most popular online course is about workflow and efficiency\u003c/a>, which shows teachers how to automate lesson planning and grading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Teachers have an incredibly important and tough job, and what’s most important is that they’re building relationships with their students,” she said. “There’s decades of research that speaks to the power of that, so if they can save time on mundane tasks so that they can spend more time with their students, that’s a win.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988684\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11.jpg\" alt=\"A white woman wearing glasses and a black seater with a a dark red shirt stand behind students sitting at desks in a classroom. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_11-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">English teacher Jen Roberts checks on her student’s work at Point Loma High School in San Diego on May 3, 2024. Roberts uses AI platforms for classroom exercises and grading. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alex Kotran, chief executive of an education nonprofit that’s supported by Google and OpenAI, said they found that it’s hard to design a language model to predictably match how a teacher grades papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spoke with teachers willing to accept a model that’s accurate 80% of the time in order to reap the reward of time saved, but he thinks it’s probably safe to say that a student or parent would want to make sure an AI model used for grading is even more accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kotran of the AI Education Project thinks it makes sense for school districts to adopt a policy that says teachers should be wary any time they use AI tools that can have disparate effects on student’s lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with such a policy, teachers can still fall victim to trusting AI without question. And even if the state kept track of AI used by school districts, there’s still the possibility that teachers will purchase technology for use on their personal computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kotran said he routinely speaks with educators across the U.S. and is not aware of any systematic studies to verify the effectiveness and consistency of AI for grading English papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-when-teachers-can-t-tell-if-they-re-cheating\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">When teachers can’t tell if they’re cheating\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Roberts, the Point Loma High School teacher, describes herself as pro technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She \u003ca href=\"http://www.litandtech.com/\">regularly writes\u003c/a> and speaks about AI. Her experiences have led her to the opinion that grading with AI is what’s best for her students, but she didn’t arrive at that conclusion easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, she questioned whether using AI for grading and feedback could hurt her understanding of her students. Today, she views using AI as the cross-country coach who rides alongside student-athletes in a golf cart, like an aid that helps her assist her students better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988688\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988688\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20.jpg\" alt=\"A hand rests on a laptop keyboard with a book beside it.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/050324_School-AI-San-Diego_AH_CM_20-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student scrolls through their laptop during class at Point Loma High School in San Diego on May 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roberts says the average high school English teacher in her district has roughly 180 students. Grading and feedback can take between five to 10 minutes per assignment, she says, so between teaching, meetings, and other duties, it can take two to three weeks to get feedback back into the hands of students unless a teacher decides to give up large chunks of their weekends. With AI, it takes Roberts a day or two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, she concluded, “If my students are growing as writers, then I don’t think I’m cheating.” She says AI reduces her fatigue, giving her more time to focus on struggling students and giving them more detailed feedback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My job is to make sure you grow and that you’re a healthy, happy, literate adult by the time you graduate from high school, and I will use any tool that helps me do that, and I’m not going to get hung up on the moral aspects of that,” she said. “My job is not to spend every Saturday reading essays. Way too many English teachers work way too many hours a week because they are grading students the old-fashioned way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts also thinks AI might be a less biased grader in some instances than human teachers, who can adjust their grading for students sometimes to give them the benefit of the doubt or be punitive if they were particularly annoying in class recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She isn’t worried about students cheating with AI, a concern she characterizes as a moral panic. She points to a \u003ca href=\"https://ed.stanford.edu/news/what-do-ai-chatbots-really-mean-students-and-cheating\">Stanford University study\u003c/a> released last fall, which found that students cheated just as much before the advent of ChatGPT as they did a year after the release of the AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goyette said she understands why students question whether some AI use by teachers is like cheating. Education department AI guidelines encourage teachers and students to use the technology more. What’s essential, Goyette said, is that teachers discuss what ethical use of AI looks like in their classroom and convey that — like using a calculator in math class — using AI is accepted or encouraged for some assignments and not others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last assignment of the year, Robers has one final experiment to run: Edit an essay written entirely by AI. However, they must change at least 50% of the text, make it 25% longer, write their own thesis, and add quotes from classroom reading material. The idea, she said, is to prepare them for a future where AI writes the first draft and humans edit the results to fit their needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It used to be you weren’t allowed to bring a calculator into the SATs, and now you’re supposed to bring your calculator, so things change,” she said. “It’s just moral panic. Things change, and people freak out, and that’s what’s happening.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Online influence operations based in Russia, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/26/1247347363/china-tiktok-national-security\">China\u003c/a>, Iran and Israel are using artificial intelligence in their efforts to manipulate the public, according to a new report from OpenAI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bad actors have used OpenAI’s tools, which include ChatGPT, to generate social media comments in multiple languages, make up names and bios for fake accounts, create cartoons and other images and debug code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11985949,news_11988031,news_11985769\" label=\"Related Stories\"]OpenAI’s \u003ca href=\"http://openai.com/index/disrupting-deceptive-uses-of-AI-by-covert-influence-operations\">report\u003c/a> is the first of its kind from the company, which has swiftly become one of the leading players in AI. ChatGPT has gained more than 100 million users since its public launch in November 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though AI tools have helped the people behind influence operations produce more content, make fewer errors and create the appearance of engagement with their posts, OpenAI said the operations it found didn’t gain significant traction with real people or reach large audiences. In some cases, the little authentic engagement their posts got was from users calling them out as fake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These operations may be using new technology, but they’re still struggling with the old problem of how to get people to fall for it,” said Ben Nimmo, principal investigator on OpenAI’s intelligence and investigations team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That echoes Facebook owner Meta’s \u003ca href=\"https://scontent-sjc3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.8562-6/445235204_402858536059630_7403303878106178024_n.pdf?_nc_cat=100&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=b8d81d&_nc_ohc=rLBTJHhbAdkQ7kNvgHJT95G&_nc_ht=scontent-sjc3-1.xx&oh=00_AYCX-M6MawEAAaBIxVvn69EvhyDvrhIEgYPgGBk9I0B1QA&oe=665DC5BF\">quarterly threat report\u003c/a> published on Wednesday. Meta’s report said that several of the covert operations it recently took down used AI to generate images, video and text but that the use of the cutting-edge technology hasn’t affected the company’s ability to disrupt efforts to manipulate people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boom in generative artificial intelligence, which can quickly and easily produce realistic audio, video, images and text, is creating new avenues for fraud, scams and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/08/1229641751/ai-deepfakes-election-risks-lawmakers-tech-companies-artificial-intelligence\">manipulation\u003c/a>. In particular, the potential for AI fakes to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/16/1232001889/ai-deepfakes-election-tech-accord\">disrupt elections\u003c/a> is fueling fears as billions of people around the world \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/29/1220087754/2024-elections-targets-foes-democracy-disinformation\">head to the polls\u003c/a> this year, including in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/15/1251684195/election-interference-russia-china-senate-aritifical-intelligence\">U.S.\u003c/a>, India and the European Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past three months, OpenAI banned accounts linked to five covert influence operations, which it defines as “attempt[s] to manipulate public opinion or influence political outcomes without revealing the true identity or intentions of the actors behind them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes two operations well known to social media companies and researchers: Russia’s Doppelganger and a sprawling Chinese network dubbed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/29/1196117574/meta-says-chinese-russian-influence-operations-are-among-the-biggest-its-taken-d\">Spamouflage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doppelganger, which has been \u003ca href=\"https://therecord.media/russians-sanctioned-disinformation-social-design-agency-company-group-structura\">linked to the Kremlin\u003c/a> by the U.S. Treasury Department, is known for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/27/1125217316/facebook-takes-down-russian-network-impersonating-european-news-outlets\">spoofing legitimate news websites\u003c/a> to undermine support for Ukraine. Spamouflage operates across a wide range of social media platforms and internet forums, pushing pro-China messages and attacking critics of Beijing. Last year, Facebook owner Meta said Spamouflage is the largest covert influence operation it’s ever disrupted and linked it to Chinese law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Doppelganger and Spamouflage used OpenAI tools to generate comments in multiple languages that were posted across social media sites. The Russian network also used AI to translate articles from Russian into English and French and to turn website articles into Facebook posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Spamouflage accounts used AI to debug code for a website targeting Chinese dissidents, to analyze social media posts, and to research news and current events. Some posts from fake Spamouflage accounts only received replies from other fake accounts in the same network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another previously unreported Russian network banned by OpenAI focused its efforts on spamming \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/14/1086483703/telegram-ukraine-war-russia\">the messaging app Telegram\u003c/a>. It used OpenAI tools to debug code for a program that automatically posted on Telegram and used AI to generate the comments its accounts posted on the app. Like Doppelganger, the operation’s efforts were broadly aimed at undermining support for Ukraine via posts that weighed in on politics in the U.S. and Moldova.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another campaign that both OpenAI and Meta said they disrupted in recent months traced back to a political marketing firm in Tel Aviv called Stoic. Fake accounts posed as Jewish students, African Americans and concerned citizens. They posted about the war in Gaza, praised Israel’s military and criticized college antisemitism and the U.N. relief agency for Palestinian refugees in the Gaza Strip, according to Meta. The posts were aimed at audiences in the U.S., Canada and Israel. Meta banned Stoic from its platforms and sent the company a cease and desist letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OpenAI said the Israeli operation used AI to generate and edit articles and comments posted across Instagram, Facebook and X, formerly Twitter, as well as to create fictitious personas and bios for fake accounts. It also found some activity from the network targeting elections in India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the operations OpenAI disrupted only used AI-generated content. “This wasn’t a case of giving up on human generation and shifting to AI but of mixing the two,” Nimmo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that while AI does offer threat actors some benefits, including boosting the volume of what they can produce and improving translations across languages, it doesn’t help them overcome the main challenge of distribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can generate the content, but if you don’t have the distribution systems to land it in front of people in a way that seems credible, then you’re going to struggle getting it across,” Nimmo said. “And really, what we’re seeing here is that dynamic playing out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But companies like OpenAI must stay vigilant, he added. “This is not the time for complacency. History shows that influence operations which spent years failing to get anywhere can suddenly break out if nobody’s looking for them.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Online influence operations based in Russia, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/26/1247347363/china-tiktok-national-security\">China\u003c/a>, Iran and Israel are using artificial intelligence in their efforts to manipulate the public, according to a new report from OpenAI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bad actors have used OpenAI’s tools, which include ChatGPT, to generate social media comments in multiple languages, make up names and bios for fake accounts, create cartoons and other images and debug code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>OpenAI’s \u003ca href=\"http://openai.com/index/disrupting-deceptive-uses-of-AI-by-covert-influence-operations\">report\u003c/a> is the first of its kind from the company, which has swiftly become one of the leading players in AI. ChatGPT has gained more than 100 million users since its public launch in November 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though AI tools have helped the people behind influence operations produce more content, make fewer errors and create the appearance of engagement with their posts, OpenAI said the operations it found didn’t gain significant traction with real people or reach large audiences. In some cases, the little authentic engagement their posts got was from users calling them out as fake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These operations may be using new technology, but they’re still struggling with the old problem of how to get people to fall for it,” said Ben Nimmo, principal investigator on OpenAI’s intelligence and investigations team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That echoes Facebook owner Meta’s \u003ca href=\"https://scontent-sjc3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.8562-6/445235204_402858536059630_7403303878106178024_n.pdf?_nc_cat=100&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=b8d81d&_nc_ohc=rLBTJHhbAdkQ7kNvgHJT95G&_nc_ht=scontent-sjc3-1.xx&oh=00_AYCX-M6MawEAAaBIxVvn69EvhyDvrhIEgYPgGBk9I0B1QA&oe=665DC5BF\">quarterly threat report\u003c/a> published on Wednesday. Meta’s report said that several of the covert operations it recently took down used AI to generate images, video and text but that the use of the cutting-edge technology hasn’t affected the company’s ability to disrupt efforts to manipulate people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boom in generative artificial intelligence, which can quickly and easily produce realistic audio, video, images and text, is creating new avenues for fraud, scams and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/08/1229641751/ai-deepfakes-election-risks-lawmakers-tech-companies-artificial-intelligence\">manipulation\u003c/a>. In particular, the potential for AI fakes to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/16/1232001889/ai-deepfakes-election-tech-accord\">disrupt elections\u003c/a> is fueling fears as billions of people around the world \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/29/1220087754/2024-elections-targets-foes-democracy-disinformation\">head to the polls\u003c/a> this year, including in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/15/1251684195/election-interference-russia-china-senate-aritifical-intelligence\">U.S.\u003c/a>, India and the European Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past three months, OpenAI banned accounts linked to five covert influence operations, which it defines as “attempt[s] to manipulate public opinion or influence political outcomes without revealing the true identity or intentions of the actors behind them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes two operations well known to social media companies and researchers: Russia’s Doppelganger and a sprawling Chinese network dubbed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/29/1196117574/meta-says-chinese-russian-influence-operations-are-among-the-biggest-its-taken-d\">Spamouflage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doppelganger, which has been \u003ca href=\"https://therecord.media/russians-sanctioned-disinformation-social-design-agency-company-group-structura\">linked to the Kremlin\u003c/a> by the U.S. Treasury Department, is known for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/27/1125217316/facebook-takes-down-russian-network-impersonating-european-news-outlets\">spoofing legitimate news websites\u003c/a> to undermine support for Ukraine. Spamouflage operates across a wide range of social media platforms and internet forums, pushing pro-China messages and attacking critics of Beijing. Last year, Facebook owner Meta said Spamouflage is the largest covert influence operation it’s ever disrupted and linked it to Chinese law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Doppelganger and Spamouflage used OpenAI tools to generate comments in multiple languages that were posted across social media sites. The Russian network also used AI to translate articles from Russian into English and French and to turn website articles into Facebook posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Spamouflage accounts used AI to debug code for a website targeting Chinese dissidents, to analyze social media posts, and to research news and current events. Some posts from fake Spamouflage accounts only received replies from other fake accounts in the same network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another previously unreported Russian network banned by OpenAI focused its efforts on spamming \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/14/1086483703/telegram-ukraine-war-russia\">the messaging app Telegram\u003c/a>. It used OpenAI tools to debug code for a program that automatically posted on Telegram and used AI to generate the comments its accounts posted on the app. Like Doppelganger, the operation’s efforts were broadly aimed at undermining support for Ukraine via posts that weighed in on politics in the U.S. and Moldova.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another campaign that both OpenAI and Meta said they disrupted in recent months traced back to a political marketing firm in Tel Aviv called Stoic. Fake accounts posed as Jewish students, African Americans and concerned citizens. They posted about the war in Gaza, praised Israel’s military and criticized college antisemitism and the U.N. relief agency for Palestinian refugees in the Gaza Strip, according to Meta. The posts were aimed at audiences in the U.S., Canada and Israel. Meta banned Stoic from its platforms and sent the company a cease and desist letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OpenAI said the Israeli operation used AI to generate and edit articles and comments posted across Instagram, Facebook and X, formerly Twitter, as well as to create fictitious personas and bios for fake accounts. It also found some activity from the network targeting elections in India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the operations OpenAI disrupted only used AI-generated content. “This wasn’t a case of giving up on human generation and shifting to AI but of mixing the two,” Nimmo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that while AI does offer threat actors some benefits, including boosting the volume of what they can produce and improving translations across languages, it doesn’t help them overcome the main challenge of distribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can generate the content, but if you don’t have the distribution systems to land it in front of people in a way that seems credible, then you’re going to struggle getting it across,” Nimmo said. “And really, what we’re seeing here is that dynamic playing out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But companies like OpenAI must stay vigilant, he added. “This is not the time for complacency. History shows that influence operations which spent years failing to get anywhere can suddenly break out if nobody’s looking for them.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "california-lawmakers-introduce-measures-to-fight-ai-discrimination-deepfakes",
"title": "California Lawmakers Introduce Measures to Fight AI Discrimination, Deepfakes",
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"content": "\u003cp>As corporations increasingly weave artificial intelligence technologies into the daily lives of Americans, California lawmakers want to build public trust, fight algorithmic discrimination and outlaw deepfakes that involve elections or pornography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The efforts in California — home to many of the world’s biggest AI companies — could pave the way for AI regulations across the country. The United States is already behind Europe in regulating AI to limit risks, lawmakers and experts say, and the rapidly growing technology is raising concerns about job loss, misinformation, invasions of privacy and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-ai-explained-policy-technology-regulations-discrimination-d3226c9139d3d06af263e7ff467d0666\">automation bias\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A slew of proposals aimed at addressing those concerns advanced last week but must win the other chamber’s approval before arriving at Gov. Gavin Newsom’s desk. The Democratic governor has promoted California as an early adopter as well as regulator, saying the state \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-ai-generative-artificial-intelligence-contracts-c178a60b679193ca03168d053f3b811b\">could soon deploy generative AI tools\u003c/a> to address highway congestion, make roads safer and provide tax guidance, even as his administration considers \u003ca href=\"https://calcivilrights.ca.gov/2024/05/17/civil-rights-council-releases-proposed-regulations-to-protect-against-employment-discrimination-in-automated-decision-making-systems/\">new rules\u003c/a> against AI discrimination in hiring practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With strong privacy laws already in place, California is in a better position to enact impactful regulations than other states with large AI interests, such as New York, said Tatiana Rice, deputy director of the Future of Privacy Forum, a nonprofit that works with lawmakers on technology and privacy proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need a data privacy law to be able to pass an AI law,” Rice said. “We’re still kind of paying attention to what New York is doing, but I would put more bets on California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers said they could not wait to act, citing hard lessons they learned from failing to reign in social media companies when they might have had a chance. However, they also want to continue attracting AI companies to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a closer look at California’s proposals:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fighting AI discrimination and building public trust\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some companies, including hospitals, already use AI models to define decisions about hiring, housing and medical options for millions of Americans \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-ai-explained-policy-technology-regulations-discrimination-d3226c9139d3d06af263e7ff467d0666\">without much oversight\u003c/a>. Up to 83% of employers are using AI to help in hiring, according to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. How those algorithms work largely remains a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most ambitious AI measures in California this year would pull back the curtains on these models by establishing an oversight framework to prevent bias and discrimination. It would require companies to use AI tools to participate in decisions that determine results and to inform people affected when AI is used. AI developers would have to routinely make internal assessments of their models for bias. And the state attorney general would have the authority to investigate reports of discriminating models and impose fines of $10,000 per violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AI companies also might soon be required to start disclosing what data they’re using to train their models.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Protecting jobs and likeness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Inspired by \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/actors-strike-contract-a7a529acaf6b5b38aac93722db54c193\">the monthslong Hollywood actors’ strike\u003c/a> last year, a California lawmaker wants to protect workers from being replaced by their AI-generated clones — \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/hollywood-ai-strike-wga-artificial-intelligence-39ab72582c3a15f77510c9c30a45ffc8\">a major point of contention\u003c/a> in contract negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, backed by the California Labor Federation, would let performers back out of existing contracts if vague language might allow studios to freely use AI to digitally clone their voices and likenesses. It would also require that performers be represented by an attorney or union representative when signing new “voice and likeness” contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California may also create penalties for digitally cloning dead people without the consent of their estate, citing the case of a media company that produced a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/george-carlin-artificial-intelligence-special-lawsuit-39d64f728f7a6a621f25d3f4789acadd\">fake, AI-generated hourlong comedy special\u003c/a> to recreate the late comedian George Carlin’s style and material without his estate’s permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Regulating powerful generative AI systems\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Real-world risks abound as generative AI creates new content such as text, audio and photos in response to prompts. So lawmakers are considering requiring guardrails around “extremely large” AI systems that have the potential to spit out instructions for creating disasters — such as building chemical weapons or assisting in cyberattacks — that could cause at least $500 million in damages. Such models would require a built-in “kill switch,” among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure, supported by some of the most renowned AI researchers, would also create a new state agency to oversee developers and provide best practices, including for still more powerful models that don’t yet exist. The state attorney general would also be able to pursue legal actions in case of violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Banning deepfakes involving politics or pornography\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11987803,news_11985949,news_11985769\"]A bipartisan coalition seeks to facilitate prosecuting people who use AI tools to create \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ai-artificial-intelligence-child-sexual-abuse-c8f17de56d41f05f55286eb6177138d2\">images of child sexual abuse\u003c/a>. Current law does not allow district attorneys to go after people who possess or distribute AI-generated child sexual abuse images if the materials do not depict a real person, law enforcement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A host of Democratic lawmakers are also backing a bill tackling election deepfakes, citing concerns after \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-robocalls-artificial-intelligence-new-hampshire-texas-a8665277d43d05380d2c7594edf27617\">AI-generated robocalls\u003c/a> mimicked President Joe Biden’s voice ahead of New Hampshire’s recent presidential primary. The proposal would ban “materially deceptive” deepfakes related to elections in political mailers, robocalls and TV ads 120 days before Election Day and 60 days thereafter. Another proposal would require social media platforms to label any election-related posts created by AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "California lawmakers have advanced a host of artificial intelligence proposals that would protect jobs, build public trust, fight algorithmic discrimination, and outlaw deepfakes involving elections or pornography. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As corporations increasingly weave artificial intelligence technologies into the daily lives of Americans, California lawmakers want to build public trust, fight algorithmic discrimination and outlaw deepfakes that involve elections or pornography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The efforts in California — home to many of the world’s biggest AI companies — could pave the way for AI regulations across the country. The United States is already behind Europe in regulating AI to limit risks, lawmakers and experts say, and the rapidly growing technology is raising concerns about job loss, misinformation, invasions of privacy and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-ai-explained-policy-technology-regulations-discrimination-d3226c9139d3d06af263e7ff467d0666\">automation bias\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A slew of proposals aimed at addressing those concerns advanced last week but must win the other chamber’s approval before arriving at Gov. Gavin Newsom’s desk. The Democratic governor has promoted California as an early adopter as well as regulator, saying the state \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-ai-generative-artificial-intelligence-contracts-c178a60b679193ca03168d053f3b811b\">could soon deploy generative AI tools\u003c/a> to address highway congestion, make roads safer and provide tax guidance, even as his administration considers \u003ca href=\"https://calcivilrights.ca.gov/2024/05/17/civil-rights-council-releases-proposed-regulations-to-protect-against-employment-discrimination-in-automated-decision-making-systems/\">new rules\u003c/a> against AI discrimination in hiring practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With strong privacy laws already in place, California is in a better position to enact impactful regulations than other states with large AI interests, such as New York, said Tatiana Rice, deputy director of the Future of Privacy Forum, a nonprofit that works with lawmakers on technology and privacy proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need a data privacy law to be able to pass an AI law,” Rice said. “We’re still kind of paying attention to what New York is doing, but I would put more bets on California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers said they could not wait to act, citing hard lessons they learned from failing to reign in social media companies when they might have had a chance. However, they also want to continue attracting AI companies to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a closer look at California’s proposals:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fighting AI discrimination and building public trust\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some companies, including hospitals, already use AI models to define decisions about hiring, housing and medical options for millions of Americans \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-ai-explained-policy-technology-regulations-discrimination-d3226c9139d3d06af263e7ff467d0666\">without much oversight\u003c/a>. Up to 83% of employers are using AI to help in hiring, according to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. How those algorithms work largely remains a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most ambitious AI measures in California this year would pull back the curtains on these models by establishing an oversight framework to prevent bias and discrimination. It would require companies to use AI tools to participate in decisions that determine results and to inform people affected when AI is used. AI developers would have to routinely make internal assessments of their models for bias. And the state attorney general would have the authority to investigate reports of discriminating models and impose fines of $10,000 per violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AI companies also might soon be required to start disclosing what data they’re using to train their models.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Protecting jobs and likeness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Inspired by \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/actors-strike-contract-a7a529acaf6b5b38aac93722db54c193\">the monthslong Hollywood actors’ strike\u003c/a> last year, a California lawmaker wants to protect workers from being replaced by their AI-generated clones — \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/hollywood-ai-strike-wga-artificial-intelligence-39ab72582c3a15f77510c9c30a45ffc8\">a major point of contention\u003c/a> in contract negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, backed by the California Labor Federation, would let performers back out of existing contracts if vague language might allow studios to freely use AI to digitally clone their voices and likenesses. It would also require that performers be represented by an attorney or union representative when signing new “voice and likeness” contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California may also create penalties for digitally cloning dead people without the consent of their estate, citing the case of a media company that produced a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/george-carlin-artificial-intelligence-special-lawsuit-39d64f728f7a6a621f25d3f4789acadd\">fake, AI-generated hourlong comedy special\u003c/a> to recreate the late comedian George Carlin’s style and material without his estate’s permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Regulating powerful generative AI systems\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Real-world risks abound as generative AI creates new content such as text, audio and photos in response to prompts. So lawmakers are considering requiring guardrails around “extremely large” AI systems that have the potential to spit out instructions for creating disasters — such as building chemical weapons or assisting in cyberattacks — that could cause at least $500 million in damages. Such models would require a built-in “kill switch,” among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure, supported by some of the most renowned AI researchers, would also create a new state agency to oversee developers and provide best practices, including for still more powerful models that don’t yet exist. The state attorney general would also be able to pursue legal actions in case of violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Banning deepfakes involving politics or pornography\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A bipartisan coalition seeks to facilitate prosecuting people who use AI tools to create \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ai-artificial-intelligence-child-sexual-abuse-c8f17de56d41f05f55286eb6177138d2\">images of child sexual abuse\u003c/a>. Current law does not allow district attorneys to go after people who possess or distribute AI-generated child sexual abuse images if the materials do not depict a real person, law enforcement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A host of Democratic lawmakers are also backing a bill tackling election deepfakes, citing concerns after \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-robocalls-artificial-intelligence-new-hampshire-texas-a8665277d43d05380d2c7594edf27617\">AI-generated robocalls\u003c/a> mimicked President Joe Biden’s voice ahead of New Hampshire’s recent presidential primary. The proposal would ban “materially deceptive” deepfakes related to elections in political mailers, robocalls and TV ads 120 days before Election Day and 60 days thereafter. Another proposal would require social media platforms to label any election-related posts created by AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Democratic Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/jacqui-irwin-16\">Jacqui Irwin\u003c/a>, a former tech insider, is taking on the industry with a far-reaching bill that would require artificial intelligence developers to disclose what data they use to “train” their systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consumer confidence in AI systems has not grown at the same rapid pace as industry adoption,” \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/hearings/257881?t=597&f=41ff0fc7f744f28b7d0aeddc0a89b026\">Irwin said at a hearing last month\u003c/a>. “Many consumers have valid questions about how these AI systems and services are created.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern from Irwin about AI is notable since she may be the Legislature’s top expert on the tech industry and, occasionally, its champion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a young engineer at Johns Hopkins University’s applied physics lab, she was assigned to troubleshoot launches of the U.S. Navy’s Trident II nuclear missiles — making her the Legislature’s only actual rocket scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s a former engineer for \u003ca href=\"https://www.teledyne.com/who-we-are/about-us\">Teledyne Technologies\u003c/a>, a global aerospace and tech conglomerate headquartered in Irwin’s hometown of Thousand Oaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She co-chairs the \u003ca href=\"https://catechcaucus.legislature.ca.gov/about-us\">California Legislative Technology and Innovation Caucus\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncsl.org/in-dc/task-forces/task-force-on-artificial-intelligence-cybersecurity-and-privacy\">national legislative task force on AI, cybersecurity and privacy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has also been a favorite of Big Tech, once authoring legislation \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/15/california-tech-privacy-ring-1496125\">that critics accused\u003c/a> of weakening California’s digital privacy protections on behalf of the tech industry, to which she had close family ties. At the time, her husband was the chief operating officer of Amazon-owned Ring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prominent lobbying group \u003ca href=\"https://insider.govtech.com/california/news/technet-honoring-2017-legislators-of-the-year.html\">TechNet in 2017\u003c/a> declared her “Legislator of the Year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/organizations/-11317\">TechNet\u003c/a> and nearly every other lobbying group representing major tech companies oppose her latest legislation, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab2013\">Assembly Bill 2013\u003c/a>. The influential \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/organizations/-4\">California Chamber of Commerce\u003c/a> is also opposed to the bill, which the state Assembly voted 56-8 to move to the Senate last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Chamber’s \u003ca href=\"https://advocacy.calchamber.com/bios/ronak-daylami/\">Ronak Daylami\u003c/a> told the Assembly Privacy and Consumer Protection Committee, on which Irwin sits, that Irwin’s bill could expose tech firms’ carefully guarded trade secrets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While it may not be obvious on its face,” \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/hearings/257881?t=863&f=41ff0fc7f744f28b7d0aeddc0a89b026\">Daylami said\u003c/a>, “the expertise and judgment, as well as the actual selection of data and datasets chosen to train a specific AI model, is itself proprietary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"cm-leg-card cm-leg-card-padding\">\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-would-disclosure-fend-off-ai-bias\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Would disclosure fend off AI bias?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But Irwin said her bill would give consumers a powerful tool to better understand the emerging technology, which has raised privacy alarms after it was revealed that tech firms used \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/01/22/facial-recognition-wrongful-identification-assault/\">facial recognition\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://therecord.media/ftc-investigating-reddit-selling-user-data-ai\">social media posts \u003c/a>and copyrighted material such as \u003ca href=\"https://siliconangle.com/2023/10/31/judge-dismisses-copyright-claims-artists-generative-ai-art-providers/\">artwork\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/chatgpt-newspaper-copyright-lawsuit-openai-microsoft-2d5f52d1a720e0a8fa6910dfd59584a9\">news articles\u003c/a> to train their artificial intelligence software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irwin said the requirement to disclose training data could also help ward against potential biases in the AI software’s decision-making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the issue piqued her interest at a recent meeting of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncsl.org/\">National Conference of State Legislatures,\u003c/a> where she heard a doctors’ group discuss using AI in dispensing medication. The problem, she said, was that it wasn’t clear whether such systems had inherent biases since the companies aren’t required to disclose the data they used to train their systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wondered: What if it was like a clinical drug trial that only tested the medication on white suburban men instead of a diverse group of patients whose bodies might react differently?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With these AI medical devices, you really should know what is the group that it was trained on,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting it more broadly, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/about/staff/hayley-tsukayama\">Hayley Tsukayama\u003c/a>, a legislative advocate for the \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/organizations/-4953\">Electronic Frontier Foundation\u003c/a>, likened the disclosure requirements to being able to read a list of ingredients that go into a meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ingredients list is occasionally much easier to parse than trying to taste a dish at the end and trying to figure out what’s in it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-irwin-owns-amazon-and-tech-stocks-nbsp\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Irwin owns Amazon and tech stocks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The AI disclosure bill is hardly Irwin’s first foray into regulating tech since she joined the Assembly in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her office provided what it called a “non-exhaustive” list of 13 other tech and cybersecurity bills Irwin has authored, most of which passed. Some of them were also opposed by the tech industry, which has donated at least $288,000 to her campaigns over the years, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/jacqui-irwin-16\">Digital Democracy database\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2015, Irwin’s votes have aligned with TechNet’s position on bills 28% of the time, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/\">Digital Democracy\u003c/a> analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her most controversial tech legislation, though, was a 2019 bill that critics said would have weakened the state’s landmark California Consumer Privacy Act. The law gives \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa\">Californians legal authority\u003c/a> to order tech companies to tell them what personal information they have collected, and customers can tell the companies to delete it and not to sell it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Irwin’s husband, Jon, was the chief operating officer of Amazon-owned Ring, which raised the appearance of a conflict of interest given that the Privacy Act regulated the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irwin insisted there wasn’t one. She told \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/15/california-tech-privacy-ring-1496125\">Politico at the time\u003c/a> it was offensive to assume she was working on behalf of her husband’s company, given her professional background and expertise. [aside label=\"RELATED STORIES\" tag=\"ai\"]Jon Irwin has since left Amazon to become COO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.centegix.com/\">CENTEGIX\u003c/a>, a tech company that makes wearable emergency alert devices and security systems for schools and other institutions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/irwinjon/\">according to his LinkedIn page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Assembly member reported to state ethics officials that last year, the family sold Amazon stock valued at between $300,000 and $3 million. State ethics officials allow lawmakers to report wide ranges of their stock portfolio value when filing annual financial disclosure statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irwin’s disclosure filings show she also acquired at least $60,000 in cryptocurrency, AI and semiconductor investments last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her interview last week with CalMatters, Irwin declined to provide a more precise figure for the Amazon stock sales or address her other recent investments in tech. She said she complied with the state’s ethics disclosure requirements and that her and her husband’s investments don’t factor into her decision-making process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I make every decision based on what’s best for my constituents,” she said. “I don’t need anybody questioning anything that I do, so we are always very careful about every decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, she said she became interested in tech and cybersecurity legislation because her background made her a natural fit for it. And she’s even made it a point to educate her fellow legislators on cybersecurity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can talk to any of my colleagues; most of them, I’ve grabbed their phones and told them, ‘Oh, my God, you know, your phone is tracking you; these apps are tracking you. Let’s turn off location devices and do a two-step authentication,’ ” she said. “In caucus, I get up and tell people how to make their phones more secure.” ’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsukayama, the legislative advocate for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, said Irwin definitely knows complicated tech issues as well or better than anyone in the Legislature, even if the digital consumer rights group sometimes opposes her legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t always agreed with her,” Tsukayama said, “but it’s rarely, you know, over her misunderstanding how the technology works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CalMatters economy reporter \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/levi-sumagaysay/\">\u003cem>Levi Sumagaysay\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and data reporter \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/jeremia-kimelman/\">\u003cem>Jeremia Kimelman\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Democratic Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/jacqui-irwin-16\">Jacqui Irwin\u003c/a>, a former tech insider, is taking on the industry with a far-reaching bill that would require artificial intelligence developers to disclose what data they use to “train” their systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consumer confidence in AI systems has not grown at the same rapid pace as industry adoption,” \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/hearings/257881?t=597&f=41ff0fc7f744f28b7d0aeddc0a89b026\">Irwin said at a hearing last month\u003c/a>. “Many consumers have valid questions about how these AI systems and services are created.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern from Irwin about AI is notable since she may be the Legislature’s top expert on the tech industry and, occasionally, its champion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a young engineer at Johns Hopkins University’s applied physics lab, she was assigned to troubleshoot launches of the U.S. Navy’s Trident II nuclear missiles — making her the Legislature’s only actual rocket scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s a former engineer for \u003ca href=\"https://www.teledyne.com/who-we-are/about-us\">Teledyne Technologies\u003c/a>, a global aerospace and tech conglomerate headquartered in Irwin’s hometown of Thousand Oaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She co-chairs the \u003ca href=\"https://catechcaucus.legislature.ca.gov/about-us\">California Legislative Technology and Innovation Caucus\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncsl.org/in-dc/task-forces/task-force-on-artificial-intelligence-cybersecurity-and-privacy\">national legislative task force on AI, cybersecurity and privacy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has also been a favorite of Big Tech, once authoring legislation \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/15/california-tech-privacy-ring-1496125\">that critics accused\u003c/a> of weakening California’s digital privacy protections on behalf of the tech industry, to which she had close family ties. At the time, her husband was the chief operating officer of Amazon-owned Ring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prominent lobbying group \u003ca href=\"https://insider.govtech.com/california/news/technet-honoring-2017-legislators-of-the-year.html\">TechNet in 2017\u003c/a> declared her “Legislator of the Year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/organizations/-11317\">TechNet\u003c/a> and nearly every other lobbying group representing major tech companies oppose her latest legislation, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab2013\">Assembly Bill 2013\u003c/a>. The influential \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/organizations/-4\">California Chamber of Commerce\u003c/a> is also opposed to the bill, which the state Assembly voted 56-8 to move to the Senate last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Chamber’s \u003ca href=\"https://advocacy.calchamber.com/bios/ronak-daylami/\">Ronak Daylami\u003c/a> told the Assembly Privacy and Consumer Protection Committee, on which Irwin sits, that Irwin’s bill could expose tech firms’ carefully guarded trade secrets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While it may not be obvious on its face,” \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/hearings/257881?t=863&f=41ff0fc7f744f28b7d0aeddc0a89b026\">Daylami said\u003c/a>, “the expertise and judgment, as well as the actual selection of data and datasets chosen to train a specific AI model, is itself proprietary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"cm-leg-card cm-leg-card-padding\">\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-would-disclosure-fend-off-ai-bias\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Would disclosure fend off AI bias?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But Irwin said her bill would give consumers a powerful tool to better understand the emerging technology, which has raised privacy alarms after it was revealed that tech firms used \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/01/22/facial-recognition-wrongful-identification-assault/\">facial recognition\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://therecord.media/ftc-investigating-reddit-selling-user-data-ai\">social media posts \u003c/a>and copyrighted material such as \u003ca href=\"https://siliconangle.com/2023/10/31/judge-dismisses-copyright-claims-artists-generative-ai-art-providers/\">artwork\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/chatgpt-newspaper-copyright-lawsuit-openai-microsoft-2d5f52d1a720e0a8fa6910dfd59584a9\">news articles\u003c/a> to train their artificial intelligence software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irwin said the requirement to disclose training data could also help ward against potential biases in the AI software’s decision-making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the issue piqued her interest at a recent meeting of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncsl.org/\">National Conference of State Legislatures,\u003c/a> where she heard a doctors’ group discuss using AI in dispensing medication. The problem, she said, was that it wasn’t clear whether such systems had inherent biases since the companies aren’t required to disclose the data they used to train their systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wondered: What if it was like a clinical drug trial that only tested the medication on white suburban men instead of a diverse group of patients whose bodies might react differently?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With these AI medical devices, you really should know what is the group that it was trained on,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting it more broadly, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/about/staff/hayley-tsukayama\">Hayley Tsukayama\u003c/a>, a legislative advocate for the \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/organizations/-4953\">Electronic Frontier Foundation\u003c/a>, likened the disclosure requirements to being able to read a list of ingredients that go into a meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ingredients list is occasionally much easier to parse than trying to taste a dish at the end and trying to figure out what’s in it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-irwin-owns-amazon-and-tech-stocks-nbsp\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Irwin owns Amazon and tech stocks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The AI disclosure bill is hardly Irwin’s first foray into regulating tech since she joined the Assembly in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her office provided what it called a “non-exhaustive” list of 13 other tech and cybersecurity bills Irwin has authored, most of which passed. Some of them were also opposed by the tech industry, which has donated at least $288,000 to her campaigns over the years, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/jacqui-irwin-16\">Digital Democracy database\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2015, Irwin’s votes have aligned with TechNet’s position on bills 28% of the time, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/\">Digital Democracy\u003c/a> analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her most controversial tech legislation, though, was a 2019 bill that critics said would have weakened the state’s landmark California Consumer Privacy Act. The law gives \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa\">Californians legal authority\u003c/a> to order tech companies to tell them what personal information they have collected, and customers can tell the companies to delete it and not to sell it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Irwin’s husband, Jon, was the chief operating officer of Amazon-owned Ring, which raised the appearance of a conflict of interest given that the Privacy Act regulated the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irwin insisted there wasn’t one. She told \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/15/california-tech-privacy-ring-1496125\">Politico at the time\u003c/a> it was offensive to assume she was working on behalf of her husband’s company, given her professional background and expertise. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Jon Irwin has since left Amazon to become COO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.centegix.com/\">CENTEGIX\u003c/a>, a tech company that makes wearable emergency alert devices and security systems for schools and other institutions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/irwinjon/\">according to his LinkedIn page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Assembly member reported to state ethics officials that last year, the family sold Amazon stock valued at between $300,000 and $3 million. State ethics officials allow lawmakers to report wide ranges of their stock portfolio value when filing annual financial disclosure statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irwin’s disclosure filings show she also acquired at least $60,000 in cryptocurrency, AI and semiconductor investments last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her interview last week with CalMatters, Irwin declined to provide a more precise figure for the Amazon stock sales or address her other recent investments in tech. She said she complied with the state’s ethics disclosure requirements and that her and her husband’s investments don’t factor into her decision-making process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I make every decision based on what’s best for my constituents,” she said. “I don’t need anybody questioning anything that I do, so we are always very careful about every decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, she said she became interested in tech and cybersecurity legislation because her background made her a natural fit for it. And she’s even made it a point to educate her fellow legislators on cybersecurity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can talk to any of my colleagues; most of them, I’ve grabbed their phones and told them, ‘Oh, my God, you know, your phone is tracking you; these apps are tracking you. Let’s turn off location devices and do a two-step authentication,’ ” she said. “In caucus, I get up and tell people how to make their phones more secure.” ’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsukayama, the legislative advocate for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, said Irwin definitely knows complicated tech issues as well or better than anyone in the Legislature, even if the digital consumer rights group sometimes opposes her legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t always agreed with her,” Tsukayama said, “but it’s rarely, you know, over her misunderstanding how the technology works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CalMatters economy reporter \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/levi-sumagaysay/\">\u003cem>Levi Sumagaysay\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and data reporter \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/jeremia-kimelman/\">\u003cem>Jeremia Kimelman\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"onourwatch": {
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
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