On Sept. 1, 2021, 7 inches of rain from the remains of Hurricane Ida hammered down on Cresskill Middle/High School in Bergen County, N.J. Superintendent Michael Burke walks through what's left of the media center.
(Mohamed Sadek for NPR)
This story first appeared in NPR's education newsletter. Sign up to get early access to exclusive stories like this.
No one was expecting more than a few flooded cars in the parking lot.
It was Sept. 1, 2021, the second-to-last day of summer band camp at Cresskill Middle/High School in Bergen County, N.J.
After a year and a half of remote and hybrid learning, the school's 1,000-odd students were about to head triumphantly back to school in person.
To celebrate, band director Joe Verderese created a set list for the fall marching band with the theme of "overcoming," with songs like "Don't Stop (Thinking About Tomorrow)," "Lean On Me" and "I'm Still Standing."
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As practice was ending, Verderese heard a huge crack of thunder. "The custodian yelled to me down the hall, 'Joe, did you hear that?' And I was like, 'We gotta get out of here.' "
Seven inches of rain from the remains of Hurricane Ida hammered down in just a couple of hours. The water poured through the school's vents – vents set just a few inches above the ground. It turned the auditorium into "an aquarium," says math teacher Michael Mirkovic. It flooded classrooms, the office, the boiler room.
Giuseppe Martino, the custodian who had called out to Verderese, ended up trapped in the gym overnight by rising water.
Now, about seven months later, this school – a modest one-story rectangle built in 1962 – is still sitting unusable by students. Repairs have barely begun.
"What the inspectors have told me is, 'Mike, you don't have a school. This is now a building,' " says Superintendent Michael Burke.
Many schools weren't built for our new climate reality
Almost 1 in 5 U.S. students attended schools in districts that were affected by federally-declared natural disasters from 2017 through 2019. That's according to the latest available analysis from the U.S. Government Accountability Office.
Hurricanes in Florida and Texas, wildfires in California and Colorado, floods in North Carolina and Arizona. Across the country, climate change has been driving more severe weather.
As a result, weather and climate disasters are becoming ever more common and more expensive, with 2021 setting a record that was beaten only by 2020, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
The most common, and the most costly, of these disasters are floods. The cost to communities has increased by about $100 billion each decade since the 1980s, according to researcher Laura Lightbody, who authored a national report on flooding and schools for the Pew Charitable Trusts.
And that reality is slamming into another reality: aging school buildings that were designed and built in a time of less intense weather.
Cresskill is a notably affluent school district, where only 1% of the students receive free or reduced-price school meals. A district like this is struggling to fix a single, 60-year-old building – and lower-income communities are even worse off.
What it takes to rebuild one flooded school
After he learned the extent of the flood damage, Mirkovic, the math teacher, recalls the pang of realizing that all his supplies were ruined, including the new TI-86 graphing calculator he had left in his desk. "I'm like 'Oh, man, my stash! Why did I leave it in the bottom drawer?' "
Inspectors estimated the projected cost to repair the school building and replace what was destroyed – from Bunsen burners to sousaphones – was $21.6 million. That's more than two-thirds of the district's entire annual budget, most of which was already committed to things like salaries, Burke says. The district had purchased private flood insurance five years before, but because the school was located in a flood zone, the insurer limited their potential payout to $2 million. That barely covered the initial cleanup and assessment
Families move to Cresskill for the schools. It's got a small-town feel. Many students used to walk to school; juniors and seniors would go to Ray's Pizza off Piermont Road for lunch.
When the reality of the damage set in, Cresskill parents – an exceptionally educated, resourceful group – banded together to lobby everyone they could think of for help.
"We met in the basement of one of the parents' homes," recalls Stephanie Cropper, the mother of an eighth grader. "And we just started to say, 'What can we do?...We can either kick and scream and cry, you know, 'boo hoo,' or we can really get our local politicians engaged and figure out what we need to do to help."
The Board of Education hired a private recovery consultant. "We contacted everyone in the state of New Jersey, from the county, to state officials, the governor," says Superintendent Michael Burke.
Of course, they weren't the only people needing recovery help. Of the 91 people Ida killed across the country, 32 were in New Jersey, showing just how dangerous flooding can be. By January 2022, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, had provided more than $711.7 million to help the state recover from the storm. But none of it had gone to Cresskill.
To rebuild, Burke's district would first have to pay for the repairs, and then be reimbursed up to 75% of costs by FEMA.
But his district was prohibited by a state statute from borrowing any money without approval by voters. They couldn't even sign a purchasing order for new boilers to replace those damaged from the flood.
Ultimately, it came down to one problem: No one at any level of government was writing them a check.
"If you don't have the money, you can't spend it," Burke says. "No one is going to do this kind of work without a guarantee for payment."
The flood damage forced a return to remote learning
With no usable building, the fall 2021 school year started remotely. No one knew for how long, and students struggled with the indefinite return to Zoom.
Mirkovic works with special education students. He says they were supposed to keep their cameras on during class, but they would disengage by slowly tilting up their laptop screens, until all he could see was the ceiling fans – the digital-era version of slouching in your seat.
Starting In November, Cresskill was able to borrow space for classes at a local church, but it was small. Grades took turns; students could only go in person one or two days a week. Band practice was mostly on Zoom. Students played along to Verderese's recordings. They stayed on mute, so he couldn't hear how they sounded.
George Koprowski had been looking forward to coming back to Cresskill in person for ninth grade. As a member of the color guard, he was at band camp the day of the storm. The next day, he saw the photo everyone was sending around social media: water filling the auditorium, covering the seats.
"I just like, couldn't believe it," he says.
"Seeing that – that really left me in shock. I couldn't believe that would happen to our school."
"It was very disappointing," adds Tiko Tvauri, a sophomore, who plays volleyball. Ida flooded her own basement.
"We were all eager to go back, and seeing everyone else around us go back to neighboring schools, it was disheartening."
Some students transferred to nearby private schools, but those schools quickly grew waiting lists. Tvauri and Koprowski decided to stay, to be with their friends.
Parent Stephanie Cropper tears up when asked how her daughter's been doing. "I think all of them have had a hard time with relationships."
With no one else to turn to, Cropper and her fellow parents realized that their only help would have to come from the local community itself. On Jan. 25 the borough of Cresskill, population just over 9,000, voted in a referendum to approve a $21.6 million bond to rebuild the school and replace what was lost. It was the only way to get around the state statute and raise the money up front.
Once the money is spent on repairs, the district expects FEMA to reimburse 75% of the cost, and the state of New Jersey to cover another chunk. So the ultimate estimated price tag will be just $83 a year for the median homeowner in the borough of Cresskill. The intention is to have the school building ready for fall 2022.
What it looks like to plan for future disasters
Laura Lightbody, the Pew researcher, says nothing about Cresskill's saga to rebuild is surprising to her. She says this is a national pattern: Schools often sit awaiting repairs for months or even years after disasters.
"I can think of West Virginia, for example, where schools are still working on rebuilding and repair following 2016 floods."
Or take Louisiana, where Calcasieu Parish schools suffered an estimated $400 million in hurricane damage to its buildings from Hurricanes Laura and Delta in 2020. In contrast to affluent Cresskill, about half of Calcasieu's students come from low-income families. A year after the storms, the district had received only $116,000 in FEMA relief; classes were being held in buildings with bare concrete floors and roof leaks.
And an even more pressing issue is that simply rebuilding and repair aren't good enough. Because this is unlikely to be the last storm or flood in Northern New Jersey – and certainly not in the nation.
"Climate change being what it is, and the way the current weather patterns are, you know, this most likely will happen again," says Cropper, who went door-to-door to lobby her neighbors to vote for the money to fix Cresskill.
She says a lot of the people who voted against the referendum cited, "the fact that they didn't want to see, you know, money go into the school repairs for it to just flood again" without upgrades to make it more secure.
A FEMA spokesperson told NPR that preparing for the next disaster is part of their mission. One of their specialists will be working with Cresskill's engineers "to determine the best feasible solutions to mitigate the source of the flooding, and not just repair back to pre-disaster conditions."
In particular, FEMA mentioned elevating the boilers.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers also came out to take a look in December 2021, to see if they might help protect this school from the creeks that surround it on three sides. To keep water away from buildings, the Corps does things like build levees, restore wetlands to improve drainage, and dredge creeks to prevent backups.
A spokesperson told NPR they are still early in the process, "exploring" a "potential study" to reduce flood risk in the area.
But that's all long term. Superintendent Burke wants to open his school next fall. He says the most obvious flood prevention move for the school building itself – raising the vents the water came in through – would both cost too much and take too long.
"That would add at least another eight months to a year to the project, as per architects. We can't wait that long ... If we weren't coming off of COVID, it would be a different perspective. But we are. The kids have not been in this building on a regular basis since March of 2020. That's a problem. That's the issue."
The current solution they are eyeing? Getting flood guards – essentially caps for the vents. When heavy rain is in the forecast, Burke says, they'll have to close school early to put the caps on. It's a literal stopgap.
The show must go on
In February, just as the repair funds were starting to come through, Cresskill finally found a more suitable temporary home – the educational campus of nearby Chodae Community Church.
All the grades can now meet in person, at least three days a week.
It wasn't perfect, but Joe Verderese was thrilled to have the band practicing all in person again. It was crunch time for the spring musical, Seussical. Tiko Tvauri played a bird. George Koprowski was the Grinch.
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wasn't built for the new climate reality. Yours may not be either","publishDate":1647932309,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story first appeared in NPR's education newsletter. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/ed\">\u003cem>Sign up\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> to get early access to exclusive stories like this.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one was expecting more than a few flooded cars in the parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Sept. 1, 2021, the second-to-last day of summer band camp at Cresskill Middle/High School in Bergen County, N.J.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a year and a half of remote and hybrid learning, the school's 1,000-odd students were about to head triumphantly back to school in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To celebrate, band director Joe Verderese created a set list for the fall marching band with the theme of \"overcoming,\" with songs like \"Don't Stop (Thinking About Tomorrow),\" \"Lean On Me\" and \"I'm Still Standing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As practice was ending, Verderese heard a huge crack of thunder. \"The custodian yelled to me down the hall, 'Joe, did you hear that?' And I was like, 'We gotta get out of here.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven inches of rain from the remains of Hurricane Ida hammered down in just a couple of hours. The water poured through the school's vents – vents set just a few inches above the ground. It turned the auditorium into \"an aquarium,\" says math teacher Michael Mirkovic. It flooded classrooms, the office, the boiler room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59200\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59200\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9622_slide-ceba9f54a42225eeab7ae2f7f0a57bd52a1e68df-scaled-e1647931533198.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tenakill Brook is one of the creeks that surround Cresskill on three sides. During the storm, the creeks overflowed, sending water in the school's direction. \u003ccite>(Mohamed Sadek for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Giuseppe Martino, the custodian who had called out to Verderese, ended up trapped in the gym overnight by rising water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, about seven months later, this school – a modest one-story rectangle built in 1962 – is still sitting unusable by students. Repairs have barely begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What the inspectors have told me is, 'Mike, you don't have a school. This is now a building,' \" says Superintendent Michael Burke.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Many schools weren't built for our new climate reality\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Almost 1 in 5 U.S. students attended schools in districts that were affected by federally-declared natural disasters from 2017 through 2019. That's according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-22-104606.pdf\">latest available analysis\u003c/a> from the U.S. Government Accountability Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hurricanes in Florida and Texas, wildfires in California and Colorado, floods in North Carolina and Arizona. Across the country, climate change has been driving more severe weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, weather and climate disasters are becoming ever more common and more expensive, with 2021 setting a record that was beaten only by 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/beyond-data/2021-us-billion-dollar-weather-and-climate-disasters-historical\">according to\u003c/a> the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common, and the most costly, of these disasters are floods. The cost to communities has increased by about $100 billion each decade since the 1980s, according to researcher Laura Lightbody, who authored a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2017/08/flooding-threatens-public-schools-across-the-country\">national report on flooding and schools\u003c/a> for the Pew Charitable Trusts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that reality is slamming into another reality: aging school buildings that were designed and built in a time of less intense weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cresskill is a notably affluent school district, where only 1% of the students receive free or reduced-price school meals. A district like this is struggling to fix a single, 60-year-old building – and lower-income communities are even worse off.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What it takes to rebuild one flooded school\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After he learned the extent of the flood damage, Mirkovic, the math teacher, recalls the pang of realizing that all his supplies were ruined, including the new TI-86 graphing calculator he had left in his desk. \"I'm like 'Oh, man, my stash! Why did I leave it in the bottom drawer?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1100px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2022/03/07/auditorium-triptych_custom-5389d5e9c81d7c7f782fb4825aec30b39359ffd2-s1100-c50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1100\" height=\"1102\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Math teacher Michael Mirkovic says the flood turned the school's auditorium and theater into \"an aquarium.\" (Mohamed Sadek for NPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Inspectors estimated the projected cost to repair the school building and replace what was destroyed – from Bunsen burners to sousaphones – was $21.6 million. That's more than two-thirds of the district's entire annual budget, most of which was already committed to things like salaries, Burke says. The district had purchased private flood insurance five years before, but because the school was located in a flood zone, the insurer limited their potential payout to $2 million. That barely covered the initial cleanup and assessment\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families move to Cresskill for the schools. It's got a small-town feel. Many students used to walk to school; juniors and seniors would go to Ray's Pizza off Piermont Road for lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the reality of the damage set in, Cresskill parents – an exceptionally educated, resourceful group – banded together to lobby everyone they could think of for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We met in the basement of one of the parents' homes,\" recalls Stephanie Cropper, the mother of an eighth grader. \"And we just started to say, 'What can we do?...We can either kick and scream and cry, you know, 'boo hoo,' or we can really get our local politicians engaged and figure out what we need to do to help.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Education hired a private recovery consultant. \"We contacted everyone in the state of New Jersey, from the county, to state officials, the governor,\" says Superintendent Michael Burke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, they weren't the only people needing recovery help. Of the 91 people Ida killed across the country, 32 were in New Jersey, showing just how dangerous flooding can be. By January 2022, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, had provided more than $711.7 million to help the state recover from the storm. But none of it had gone to Cresskill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59202\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59202\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9385-1_slide-bc1c5846c80ecfbc747843e59971afec97d919ce-scaled-e1647931679569.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cresskill Superintendent Michael Burke (right) and administrator Dawn Delasandro (left) show FEMA specialist Paully Onyirimba around the damaged boiler room. \u003ccite>(Mohamed Sadek for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To rebuild, Burke's district would first have to pay for the repairs, and then be reimbursed up to 75% of costs by FEMA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his district was prohibited by a state statute from borrowing any money without approval by voters. They couldn't even sign a purchasing order for new boilers to replace those damaged from the flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, it came down to one problem: No one at any level of government was writing them a check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you don't have the money, you can't spend it,\" Burke says. \"No one is going to do this kind of work without a guarantee for payment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The flood damage forced a return to remote learning\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With no usable building, the fall 2021 school year started remotely. No one knew for how long, and students struggled with the indefinite return to Zoom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mirkovic works with special education students. He says they were supposed to keep their cameras on during class, but they would disengage by slowly tilting up their laptop screens, until all he could see was the ceiling fans – the digital-era version of slouching in your seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1100px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2022/03/07/damage-triptych_custom-79c55cd7aad8ba844226c529619d8b870006fc94-s1100-c50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1100\" height=\"1100\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After the flood, damaged areas of the school had to be quickly cleaned or stripped to avoid mold growth, and undamaged furniture and materials had to be cleaned and stored. The district's private flood insurance barely covered that initial cleanup and assessment. (Mohamed Sadek for NPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Starting In November, Cresskill was able to borrow space for classes at a local church, but it was small. Grades took turns; students could only go in person one or two days a week. Band practice was mostly on Zoom. Students played along to Verderese's recordings. They stayed on mute, so he couldn't hear how they sounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Koprowski had been looking forward to coming back to Cresskill in person for ninth grade. As a member of the color guard, he was at band camp the day of the storm. The next day, he saw the photo everyone was sending around social media: \u003ca href=\"https://abc7ny.com/cresskill-high-school-middle-hurricane-ida-damage/11079926/\">water filling the auditorium, covering the seats\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just like, couldn't believe it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Seeing that – that really left me in shock. I couldn't believe that would happen to our school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was very disappointing,\" adds Tiko Tvauri, a sophomore, who plays volleyball. Ida flooded her own basement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59204\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59204\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9554_custom-1cb709afc262269f15cff1b606c45791066dcdb0.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9554_custom-1cb709afc262269f15cff1b606c45791066dcdb0.jpg 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9554_custom-1cb709afc262269f15cff1b606c45791066dcdb0-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cresskill parent Stephanie Cropper went door-to-door to lobby for the referendum to fix the school. She tears up when asked how her daughter's been doing since the school closed. \"I think all of them have had a hard time with relationships.\" \u003ccite>(Mohamed Sadek for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We were all eager to go back, and seeing everyone else around us go back to neighboring schools, it was disheartening.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students transferred to nearby private schools, but those schools quickly grew waiting lists. Tvauri and Koprowski decided to stay, to be with their friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parent Stephanie Cropper tears up when asked how her daughter's been doing. \"I think all of them have had a hard time with relationships.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With no one else to turn to, Cropper and her fellow parents realized that their only help would have to come from the local community itself. On Jan. 25 the borough of Cresskill, population just over 9,000, voted in a referendum to approve a $21.6 million bond to rebuild the school and replace what was lost. It was the only way to get around the state statute and raise the money up front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the money is spent on repairs, the district expects FEMA to reimburse 75% of the cost, and the state of New Jersey to cover another chunk. So the ultimate estimated price tag will be just $83 a year for the median homeowner in the borough of Cresskill. The intention is to have the school building ready for fall 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What it looks like to plan for future disasters\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Laura Lightbody, the Pew researcher, says nothing about Cresskill's saga to rebuild is surprising to her. She says this is a national pattern: Schools often sit awaiting repairs for months or even years after disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can think of West Virginia, for example, where schools are still working on rebuilding and repair following 2016 floods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or take Louisiana, where Calcasieu Parish schools suffered an estimated $400 million in \u003ca href=\"https://www.wwno.org/education/2021-09-09/how-long-will-it-take-louisiana-schools-to-recover-from-ida-just-ask-calcasieu-parish\">hurricane damage to its buildings\u003c/a> from Hurricanes Laura and Delta in 2020. In contrast to affluent Cresskill, about half of Calcasieu's students come from low-income families. A year after the storms, the district had received only $116,000 in FEMA relief; \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/back-to-school-live-updates/2021/09/08/1035224836/because-of-ida-at-least-45-000-louisiana-students-may-be-out-of-school-until-oct\">classes were being held\u003c/a> in buildings with bare concrete floors and roof leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And an even more pressing issue is that simply rebuilding and repair aren't good enough. Because this is unlikely to be the last storm or flood in Northern New Jersey – and certainly not in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Climate change being what it is, and the way the current weather patterns are, you know, this most likely will happen again,\" says Cropper, who went door-to-door to lobby her neighbors to vote for the money to fix Cresskill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says a lot of the people who voted against the referendum cited, \"the fact that they didn't want to see, you know, money go into the school repairs for it to just flood again\" without upgrades to make it more secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A FEMA spokesperson told NPR that preparing for the next disaster is part of their mission. One of their specialists will be working with Cresskill's engineers \"to determine the best feasible solutions to mitigate the source of the flooding, and not just repair back to pre-disaster conditions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59205\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59205\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9311_slide-ceb030cdd9e0d0c07ae6c8ebe28c9357322955b2-scaled-e1647932123399.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Cresskill classroom sits awaiting repair. The day after the storm, Superintendent Burke surveyed the damage: The auditorium, classrooms, office and boiler room had all been flooded. The school's custodian, Giuseppe Martino, was trapped in the gym overnight because it was the only room above water. \u003ccite>(Mohamed Sadek for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In particular, FEMA mentioned elevating the boilers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers also came out to take a look in December 2021, to see if they might help protect this school from the creeks that surround it on three sides. To keep water away from buildings, the Corps does things like build levees, restore wetlands to improve drainage, and dredge creeks to prevent backups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson told NPR they are still early in the process, \"exploring\" a \"potential study\" to reduce flood risk in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's all long term. Superintendent Burke wants to open his school next fall. He says the most obvious flood prevention move for the school building itself – raising the vents the water came in through – would both cost too much and take too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That would add at least another eight months to a year to the project, as per architects. We can't wait that long ... If we weren't coming off of COVID, it would be a different perspective. But we are. The kids have not been in this building on a regular basis since March of 2020. That's a problem. That's the issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current solution they are eyeing? Getting flood guards – essentially caps for the vents. When heavy rain is in the forecast, Burke says, they'll have to close school early to put the caps on. It's a literal stopgap.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The show must go on\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In February, just as the repair funds were starting to come through, Cresskill finally found a more suitable temporary home – the educational campus of nearby Chodae Community Church.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the grades can now meet in person, at least three days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn't perfect, but Joe Verderese was thrilled to have the band practicing all in person again. It was crunch time for the spring musical, \u003cem>Seussical\u003c/em>. Tiko Tvauri played a bird. George Koprowski was the Grinch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR is committed to reporting on issues that matter to you and your community. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/ed\">\u003cem>Sign up\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for the education newsletter to stay up to date and get early access.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+school+wasn%27t+built+for+the+new+climate+reality.+Yours+may+not+be+either&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Hurricanes, wildfires and floods: Across the country, climate change is driving more severe weather, and many schools are not prepared.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1647932309,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":58,"wordCount":2320},"headData":{"title":"This school wasn't built for the new climate reality. Yours may not be either - MindShift","description":"Hurricanes, wildfires and floods: Across the country, climate change is driving more severe weather, and many schools are not prepared.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","authorsData":[{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_59198","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_59198","name":"Anya Kamenetz","isLoading":false}],"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9156-1_slide-9ea2d097a80ced4c75bbb5ddb8dc8c1e90864bf4-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9156-1_slide-9ea2d097a80ced4c75bbb5ddb8dc8c1e90864bf4-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"},"tagData":{"tags":["climate change"]}},"disqusIdentifier":"59198 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=59198","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2022/03/21/this-school-wasnt-built-for-the-new-climate-reality-yours-may-not-be-either/","disqusTitle":"This school wasn't built for the new climate reality. Yours may not be either","nprByline":"Anya Kamenetz","nprImageAgency":"Mohamed Sadek for NPR","nprStoryId":"1084912552","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1084912552&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/21/1084912552/climate-change-schools?ft=nprml&f=1084912552","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 21 Mar 2022 08:59:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 21 Mar 2022 05:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 21 Mar 2022 08:59:45 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/mindshift/59198/this-school-wasnt-built-for-the-new-climate-reality-yours-may-not-be-either","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story first appeared in NPR's education newsletter. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/ed\">\u003cem>Sign up\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> to get early access to exclusive stories like this.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one was expecting more than a few flooded cars in the parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Sept. 1, 2021, the second-to-last day of summer band camp at Cresskill Middle/High School in Bergen County, N.J.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a year and a half of remote and hybrid learning, the school's 1,000-odd students were about to head triumphantly back to school in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To celebrate, band director Joe Verderese created a set list for the fall marching band with the theme of \"overcoming,\" with songs like \"Don't Stop (Thinking About Tomorrow),\" \"Lean On Me\" and \"I'm Still Standing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As practice was ending, Verderese heard a huge crack of thunder. \"The custodian yelled to me down the hall, 'Joe, did you hear that?' And I was like, 'We gotta get out of here.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven inches of rain from the remains of Hurricane Ida hammered down in just a couple of hours. The water poured through the school's vents – vents set just a few inches above the ground. It turned the auditorium into \"an aquarium,\" says math teacher Michael Mirkovic. It flooded classrooms, the office, the boiler room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59200\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59200\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9622_slide-ceba9f54a42225eeab7ae2f7f0a57bd52a1e68df-scaled-e1647931533198.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tenakill Brook is one of the creeks that surround Cresskill on three sides. During the storm, the creeks overflowed, sending water in the school's direction. \u003ccite>(Mohamed Sadek for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Giuseppe Martino, the custodian who had called out to Verderese, ended up trapped in the gym overnight by rising water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, about seven months later, this school – a modest one-story rectangle built in 1962 – is still sitting unusable by students. Repairs have barely begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What the inspectors have told me is, 'Mike, you don't have a school. This is now a building,' \" says Superintendent Michael Burke.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Many schools weren't built for our new climate reality\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Almost 1 in 5 U.S. students attended schools in districts that were affected by federally-declared natural disasters from 2017 through 2019. That's according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-22-104606.pdf\">latest available analysis\u003c/a> from the U.S. Government Accountability Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hurricanes in Florida and Texas, wildfires in California and Colorado, floods in North Carolina and Arizona. Across the country, climate change has been driving more severe weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, weather and climate disasters are becoming ever more common and more expensive, with 2021 setting a record that was beaten only by 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/beyond-data/2021-us-billion-dollar-weather-and-climate-disasters-historical\">according to\u003c/a> the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common, and the most costly, of these disasters are floods. The cost to communities has increased by about $100 billion each decade since the 1980s, according to researcher Laura Lightbody, who authored a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2017/08/flooding-threatens-public-schools-across-the-country\">national report on flooding and schools\u003c/a> for the Pew Charitable Trusts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that reality is slamming into another reality: aging school buildings that were designed and built in a time of less intense weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cresskill is a notably affluent school district, where only 1% of the students receive free or reduced-price school meals. A district like this is struggling to fix a single, 60-year-old building – and lower-income communities are even worse off.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What it takes to rebuild one flooded school\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After he learned the extent of the flood damage, Mirkovic, the math teacher, recalls the pang of realizing that all his supplies were ruined, including the new TI-86 graphing calculator he had left in his desk. \"I'm like 'Oh, man, my stash! Why did I leave it in the bottom drawer?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1100px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2022/03/07/auditorium-triptych_custom-5389d5e9c81d7c7f782fb4825aec30b39359ffd2-s1100-c50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1100\" height=\"1102\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Math teacher Michael Mirkovic says the flood turned the school's auditorium and theater into \"an aquarium.\" (Mohamed Sadek for NPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Inspectors estimated the projected cost to repair the school building and replace what was destroyed – from Bunsen burners to sousaphones – was $21.6 million. That's more than two-thirds of the district's entire annual budget, most of which was already committed to things like salaries, Burke says. The district had purchased private flood insurance five years before, but because the school was located in a flood zone, the insurer limited their potential payout to $2 million. That barely covered the initial cleanup and assessment\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families move to Cresskill for the schools. It's got a small-town feel. Many students used to walk to school; juniors and seniors would go to Ray's Pizza off Piermont Road for lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the reality of the damage set in, Cresskill parents – an exceptionally educated, resourceful group – banded together to lobby everyone they could think of for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We met in the basement of one of the parents' homes,\" recalls Stephanie Cropper, the mother of an eighth grader. \"And we just started to say, 'What can we do?...We can either kick and scream and cry, you know, 'boo hoo,' or we can really get our local politicians engaged and figure out what we need to do to help.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Education hired a private recovery consultant. \"We contacted everyone in the state of New Jersey, from the county, to state officials, the governor,\" says Superintendent Michael Burke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, they weren't the only people needing recovery help. Of the 91 people Ida killed across the country, 32 were in New Jersey, showing just how dangerous flooding can be. By January 2022, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, had provided more than $711.7 million to help the state recover from the storm. But none of it had gone to Cresskill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59202\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59202\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9385-1_slide-bc1c5846c80ecfbc747843e59971afec97d919ce-scaled-e1647931679569.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cresskill Superintendent Michael Burke (right) and administrator Dawn Delasandro (left) show FEMA specialist Paully Onyirimba around the damaged boiler room. \u003ccite>(Mohamed Sadek for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To rebuild, Burke's district would first have to pay for the repairs, and then be reimbursed up to 75% of costs by FEMA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his district was prohibited by a state statute from borrowing any money without approval by voters. They couldn't even sign a purchasing order for new boilers to replace those damaged from the flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, it came down to one problem: No one at any level of government was writing them a check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you don't have the money, you can't spend it,\" Burke says. \"No one is going to do this kind of work without a guarantee for payment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The flood damage forced a return to remote learning\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With no usable building, the fall 2021 school year started remotely. No one knew for how long, and students struggled with the indefinite return to Zoom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mirkovic works with special education students. He says they were supposed to keep their cameras on during class, but they would disengage by slowly tilting up their laptop screens, until all he could see was the ceiling fans – the digital-era version of slouching in your seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1100px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2022/03/07/damage-triptych_custom-79c55cd7aad8ba844226c529619d8b870006fc94-s1100-c50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1100\" height=\"1100\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After the flood, damaged areas of the school had to be quickly cleaned or stripped to avoid mold growth, and undamaged furniture and materials had to be cleaned and stored. The district's private flood insurance barely covered that initial cleanup and assessment. (Mohamed Sadek for NPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Starting In November, Cresskill was able to borrow space for classes at a local church, but it was small. Grades took turns; students could only go in person one or two days a week. Band practice was mostly on Zoom. Students played along to Verderese's recordings. They stayed on mute, so he couldn't hear how they sounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Koprowski had been looking forward to coming back to Cresskill in person for ninth grade. As a member of the color guard, he was at band camp the day of the storm. The next day, he saw the photo everyone was sending around social media: \u003ca href=\"https://abc7ny.com/cresskill-high-school-middle-hurricane-ida-damage/11079926/\">water filling the auditorium, covering the seats\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just like, couldn't believe it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Seeing that – that really left me in shock. I couldn't believe that would happen to our school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was very disappointing,\" adds Tiko Tvauri, a sophomore, who plays volleyball. Ida flooded her own basement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59204\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59204\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9554_custom-1cb709afc262269f15cff1b606c45791066dcdb0.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9554_custom-1cb709afc262269f15cff1b606c45791066dcdb0.jpg 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9554_custom-1cb709afc262269f15cff1b606c45791066dcdb0-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cresskill parent Stephanie Cropper went door-to-door to lobby for the referendum to fix the school. She tears up when asked how her daughter's been doing since the school closed. \"I think all of them have had a hard time with relationships.\" \u003ccite>(Mohamed Sadek for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We were all eager to go back, and seeing everyone else around us go back to neighboring schools, it was disheartening.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students transferred to nearby private schools, but those schools quickly grew waiting lists. Tvauri and Koprowski decided to stay, to be with their friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parent Stephanie Cropper tears up when asked how her daughter's been doing. \"I think all of them have had a hard time with relationships.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With no one else to turn to, Cropper and her fellow parents realized that their only help would have to come from the local community itself. On Jan. 25 the borough of Cresskill, population just over 9,000, voted in a referendum to approve a $21.6 million bond to rebuild the school and replace what was lost. It was the only way to get around the state statute and raise the money up front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the money is spent on repairs, the district expects FEMA to reimburse 75% of the cost, and the state of New Jersey to cover another chunk. So the ultimate estimated price tag will be just $83 a year for the median homeowner in the borough of Cresskill. The intention is to have the school building ready for fall 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What it looks like to plan for future disasters\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Laura Lightbody, the Pew researcher, says nothing about Cresskill's saga to rebuild is surprising to her. She says this is a national pattern: Schools often sit awaiting repairs for months or even years after disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can think of West Virginia, for example, where schools are still working on rebuilding and repair following 2016 floods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or take Louisiana, where Calcasieu Parish schools suffered an estimated $400 million in \u003ca href=\"https://www.wwno.org/education/2021-09-09/how-long-will-it-take-louisiana-schools-to-recover-from-ida-just-ask-calcasieu-parish\">hurricane damage to its buildings\u003c/a> from Hurricanes Laura and Delta in 2020. In contrast to affluent Cresskill, about half of Calcasieu's students come from low-income families. A year after the storms, the district had received only $116,000 in FEMA relief; \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/back-to-school-live-updates/2021/09/08/1035224836/because-of-ida-at-least-45-000-louisiana-students-may-be-out-of-school-until-oct\">classes were being held\u003c/a> in buildings with bare concrete floors and roof leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And an even more pressing issue is that simply rebuilding and repair aren't good enough. Because this is unlikely to be the last storm or flood in Northern New Jersey – and certainly not in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Climate change being what it is, and the way the current weather patterns are, you know, this most likely will happen again,\" says Cropper, who went door-to-door to lobby her neighbors to vote for the money to fix Cresskill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says a lot of the people who voted against the referendum cited, \"the fact that they didn't want to see, you know, money go into the school repairs for it to just flood again\" without upgrades to make it more secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A FEMA spokesperson told NPR that preparing for the next disaster is part of their mission. One of their specialists will be working with Cresskill's engineers \"to determine the best feasible solutions to mitigate the source of the flooding, and not just repair back to pre-disaster conditions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59205\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59205\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/03/os_9311_slide-ceb030cdd9e0d0c07ae6c8ebe28c9357322955b2-scaled-e1647932123399.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Cresskill classroom sits awaiting repair. The day after the storm, Superintendent Burke surveyed the damage: The auditorium, classrooms, office and boiler room had all been flooded. The school's custodian, Giuseppe Martino, was trapped in the gym overnight because it was the only room above water. \u003ccite>(Mohamed Sadek for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In particular, FEMA mentioned elevating the boilers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers also came out to take a look in December 2021, to see if they might help protect this school from the creeks that surround it on three sides. To keep water away from buildings, the Corps does things like build levees, restore wetlands to improve drainage, and dredge creeks to prevent backups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson told NPR they are still early in the process, \"exploring\" a \"potential study\" to reduce flood risk in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's all long term. Superintendent Burke wants to open his school next fall. He says the most obvious flood prevention move for the school building itself – raising the vents the water came in through – would both cost too much and take too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That would add at least another eight months to a year to the project, as per architects. We can't wait that long ... If we weren't coming off of COVID, it would be a different perspective. But we are. The kids have not been in this building on a regular basis since March of 2020. That's a problem. That's the issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current solution they are eyeing? Getting flood guards – essentially caps for the vents. When heavy rain is in the forecast, Burke says, they'll have to close school early to put the caps on. It's a literal stopgap.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The show must go on\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In February, just as the repair funds were starting to come through, Cresskill finally found a more suitable temporary home – the educational campus of nearby Chodae Community Church.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the grades can now meet in person, at least three days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn't perfect, but Joe Verderese was thrilled to have the band practicing all in person again. It was crunch time for the spring musical, \u003cem>Seussical\u003c/em>. Tiko Tvauri played a bird. George Koprowski was the Grinch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR is committed to reporting on issues that matter to you and your community. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/ed\">\u003cem>Sign up\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for the education newsletter to stay up to date and get early access.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+school+wasn%27t+built+for+the+new+climate+reality.+Yours+may+not+be+either&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/59198/this-school-wasnt-built-for-the-new-climate-reality-yours-may-not-be-either","authors":["byline_mindshift_59198"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_21124"],"featImg":"mindshift_59199","label":"mindshift","isLoading":false,"hasAllInfo":true}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/FreshAir_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. 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