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It's the second time for her — she underwent the surgical procedure 19 months ago when her twins were born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time Danielle wants to try something different, something that might sound strange. As soon as her daughter is born, a doctor will wipe bacteria fluid from Danielle's birth canal all over her baby's body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I haven't told many people about this yet,\" Vukadinovich says, laughing. \"I understand why people would be like, 'Oh my gosh. That's so weird.' But I don't think it's yucky. It's normal. It's natural really.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure, known as \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/vaginal-seeding/faq-20380881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vaginal seeding\u003c/a>,\" is designed to help babies develop healthy microbiomes — the collection of friendly bacteria that inhabit every person's body. Some people call it a \"bacterial baptism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a little bit like that baby's first dunk,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.inova.org/indirectory/clinicaltrials.aspx?design=true&dirId=1&LoadCategory=ITMI&LoadSubCategory=Microbiome&memberID=280\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shira Levy\u003c/a>, the microbiome research manager at the Inova hospital. \"That's their first religious experience. You know, they get the water and that changes their spirituality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In this case, they get the bacteria and that changes their microbiome,\" Levy says. \"This is their first microbiome experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure was developed in response to the sharp rise in C-section births in recent years. That increase has been accompanied by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/30/444746094/missing-microbes-provide-clues-about-asthma-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more cases of asthma\u003c/a>, allergies, eczema, obesity, and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory is that the rise in these diseases might be happening, in part, because babies aren't getting exposed to their mother's microbes the way they would if they were passing naturally through the birth canal.[contextly_sidebar id=\"0AllfLEduBOKAavkhBROexZnBFbtKljt\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that one of the reasons that babies born by C-section are at increased risk for these diseases is because they don't receive that first beneficial exposure to their mother's vaginal microbiome,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.inova.org/Physician_Directory/Suchitra-K-Hourigan-MD/824530\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Suchitra Hourigan\u003c/a>, a pediatric gastroenterologist at Inova.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One very small study \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/01/464905786/researchers-test-microbe-wipe-to-promote-babies-health-after-c-sections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indicated \u003c/a>that swabbing C-section babies with their mother's microbes immediately after birth could make their microbiomes develop more like those of babies born vaginally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the appeal of vaginal seeding has outpaced evidence that it is safe and effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some couples have started trying vaginal seeding on their own. Vukadinovich jokes that she considered doing it herself. After all, she says, she's a nurse and her husband is a high school biology teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I even told my mom: 'Nobody has to know. My husband would help me out,' \" she says, laughing. \"But I try not to take unnecessary risks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich knows the procedure could be risky. Babies could be inadvertently exposed to disease-causing microbes, such as herpes virus or streptococcus bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, medical groups such as the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Vaginal-Seeding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warn\u003c/a> women against doing this. \"While there are data to suggest that there may be some scientific plausibility to the concept, it is not without significant risks,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/experts/preview/578561302cfac209100154a4/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neil Silverman\u003c/a>, a clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the UCLA School of Medicine, who represents ACOG. The group notes that mothers also transfer microbes to their newborns through skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Vukadinovich was thrilled when she found out she could be part of the first \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03298334?term=vaginal+seeding&rank=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> the Food and Drug Administration is allowing to rigorously test whether the procedure is safe and helps improve babies' health.[contextly_sidebar id=\"kMHzgUs0dutTuVHV7G0EJpefrLt2hB8h\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who knows what's going to happen with the results? But if it does show something positive, I just think that would be great for kids and parents,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourigan, who's helping lead the study, agrees. \"Just to be able to reduce one risk factor for obesity, especially when there are such high [C-section rates] in the U.S., would be huge,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, half of the babies will get swabbed with their mother's microbes; half will get swabbed with a sterile solution. All of the mothers will be carefully screened for dangerous infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the babies will then be followed for three years to see if they become obese or develop other health problems. A \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03567707?term=vaginal+seeding&rank=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">similar study\u003c/a> is starting at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich agreed to let an NPR reporter and photographer observe her baby's birth and the swabbing. It's the first time journalists have been allowed to watch a baby go through the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evelyn Marie is Born\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nurses wheel Vukadinovich into the operating room, Hourigan, Levy and Dr. Varsha Deopujari follow. Deopujari, the study's clinical manager, will do the actual swabbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the OR, everyone quickly takes their places. As the surgeon starts, Hourigan explains what's happening. It goes very fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An incision is being made into mom, and they are getting ready to take out the baby,\" Hourigan says. \"They can see the head. And the head is now coming out of the C-section incision. Baby's head is out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In less than a minute after the surgery starts, the baby girl is completely out. A nurse rushes the newborn to a nearby table to clear her breathing. After the baby is breathing smoothly, Deopujari starts swabbing with a gauze pad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, she swabs the baby's mouth, cheeks and face. After turning the gauze over to expose more bacteria, Deopujari wipes the baby's hands and arms. Next, she wipes down her chest, goes over her abdomen, up the other arm and then over her back.[contextly_sidebar id=\"umm131VoK2OKqBWygztDrKkMjOgsaGeH\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the swabbing is now over,\" Hourigan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deopujari hands the baby back to a nurse. Hourigan and her team quickly head out of the OR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That went perfectly,\" she says. \"Baby came out and was crying. We waited until baby was stable, and the swabbing went just as planned.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourigan and her colleagues will swab 50 babies to make sure their procedure is safe. If it is, they plan to expand the study to 800 babies, who would randomly receive either the bacterial swab or a placebo, throughout the Inova hospital system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results could prove important. \"We need more data and we need better data,\" says Silverman, of ACOG. \"If it shows that there is a clear benefit, then this process can be re-evaluated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, Vukadinovich, her husband, Nick, 41, and their new daughter are together in a hospital room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm good — feeling good today,\" she says, cradling her baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple doesn't know if their new daughter, who they would later name Evelyn Marie, was exposed to her mother's microbes or a sterile placebo solution. But they have their fingers crossed she was swabbed with bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I really hope that she was,\" Vukadinovich says. \"If there's a decreased chance of her having any health issues, that would be awesome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her husband, Nick, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not terribly religious so we won't baptize with water — holy water,\" Nick says. \"But since we're scientists, we like the idea of a bacterial baptism instead of a holy baptism — because now she's been initiated with bacteria, friendly bacteria, that should protect her down the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Doctors+Test+Bacterial+Smear+After+Cesarean+Sections+To+Bolster+Babies%27+Microbiomes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After a C-section, does swabbing a baby with the mother's microbes reduce the risk of obesity and other health problems later in life? An ambitious study to help answer the question is underway.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1540921365,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":1252},"headData":{"title":"Doctors Test Bacterial Smear After C-sections To Bolster Babies' Health | KQED","description":"After a C-section, does swabbing a baby with the mother's microbes reduce the risk of obesity and other health problems later in life? 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It's the second time for her — she underwent the surgical procedure 19 months ago when her twins were born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time Danielle wants to try something different, something that might sound strange. As soon as her daughter is born, a doctor will wipe bacteria fluid from Danielle's birth canal all over her baby's body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I haven't told many people about this yet,\" Vukadinovich says, laughing. \"I understand why people would be like, 'Oh my gosh. That's so weird.' But I don't think it's yucky. It's normal. It's natural really.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure, known as \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/vaginal-seeding/faq-20380881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vaginal seeding\u003c/a>,\" is designed to help babies develop healthy microbiomes — the collection of friendly bacteria that inhabit every person's body. Some people call it a \"bacterial baptism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a little bit like that baby's first dunk,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.inova.org/indirectory/clinicaltrials.aspx?design=true&dirId=1&LoadCategory=ITMI&LoadSubCategory=Microbiome&memberID=280\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shira Levy\u003c/a>, the microbiome research manager at the Inova hospital. \"That's their first religious experience. You know, they get the water and that changes their spirituality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In this case, they get the bacteria and that changes their microbiome,\" Levy says. \"This is their first microbiome experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure was developed in response to the sharp rise in C-section births in recent years. That increase has been accompanied by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/30/444746094/missing-microbes-provide-clues-about-asthma-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more cases of asthma\u003c/a>, allergies, eczema, obesity, and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory is that the rise in these diseases might be happening, in part, because babies aren't getting exposed to their mother's microbes the way they would if they were passing naturally through the birth canal.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that one of the reasons that babies born by C-section are at increased risk for these diseases is because they don't receive that first beneficial exposure to their mother's vaginal microbiome,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.inova.org/Physician_Directory/Suchitra-K-Hourigan-MD/824530\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Suchitra Hourigan\u003c/a>, a pediatric gastroenterologist at Inova.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One very small study \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/01/464905786/researchers-test-microbe-wipe-to-promote-babies-health-after-c-sections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indicated \u003c/a>that swabbing C-section babies with their mother's microbes immediately after birth could make their microbiomes develop more like those of babies born vaginally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the appeal of vaginal seeding has outpaced evidence that it is safe and effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some couples have started trying vaginal seeding on their own. Vukadinovich jokes that she considered doing it herself. After all, she says, she's a nurse and her husband is a high school biology teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I even told my mom: 'Nobody has to know. My husband would help me out,' \" she says, laughing. \"But I try not to take unnecessary risks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich knows the procedure could be risky. Babies could be inadvertently exposed to disease-causing microbes, such as herpes virus or streptococcus bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, medical groups such as the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Vaginal-Seeding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warn\u003c/a> women against doing this. \"While there are data to suggest that there may be some scientific plausibility to the concept, it is not without significant risks,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/experts/preview/578561302cfac209100154a4/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neil Silverman\u003c/a>, a clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the UCLA School of Medicine, who represents ACOG. The group notes that mothers also transfer microbes to their newborns through skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Vukadinovich was thrilled when she found out she could be part of the first \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03298334?term=vaginal+seeding&rank=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> the Food and Drug Administration is allowing to rigorously test whether the procedure is safe and helps improve babies' health.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who knows what's going to happen with the results? But if it does show something positive, I just think that would be great for kids and parents,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourigan, who's helping lead the study, agrees. \"Just to be able to reduce one risk factor for obesity, especially when there are such high [C-section rates] in the U.S., would be huge,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, half of the babies will get swabbed with their mother's microbes; half will get swabbed with a sterile solution. All of the mothers will be carefully screened for dangerous infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the babies will then be followed for three years to see if they become obese or develop other health problems. A \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03567707?term=vaginal+seeding&rank=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">similar study\u003c/a> is starting at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich agreed to let an NPR reporter and photographer observe her baby's birth and the swabbing. It's the first time journalists have been allowed to watch a baby go through the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evelyn Marie is Born\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nurses wheel Vukadinovich into the operating room, Hourigan, Levy and Dr. Varsha Deopujari follow. Deopujari, the study's clinical manager, will do the actual swabbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the OR, everyone quickly takes their places. As the surgeon starts, Hourigan explains what's happening. It goes very fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An incision is being made into mom, and they are getting ready to take out the baby,\" Hourigan says. \"They can see the head. And the head is now coming out of the C-section incision. Baby's head is out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In less than a minute after the surgery starts, the baby girl is completely out. A nurse rushes the newborn to a nearby table to clear her breathing. After the baby is breathing smoothly, Deopujari starts swabbing with a gauze pad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, she swabs the baby's mouth, cheeks and face. After turning the gauze over to expose more bacteria, Deopujari wipes the baby's hands and arms. Next, she wipes down her chest, goes over her abdomen, up the other arm and then over her back.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the swabbing is now over,\" Hourigan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deopujari hands the baby back to a nurse. Hourigan and her team quickly head out of the OR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That went perfectly,\" she says. \"Baby came out and was crying. We waited until baby was stable, and the swabbing went just as planned.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourigan and her colleagues will swab 50 babies to make sure their procedure is safe. If it is, they plan to expand the study to 800 babies, who would randomly receive either the bacterial swab or a placebo, throughout the Inova hospital system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results could prove important. \"We need more data and we need better data,\" says Silverman, of ACOG. \"If it shows that there is a clear benefit, then this process can be re-evaluated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, Vukadinovich, her husband, Nick, 41, and their new daughter are together in a hospital room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm good — feeling good today,\" she says, cradling her baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple doesn't know if their new daughter, who they would later name Evelyn Marie, was exposed to her mother's microbes or a sterile placebo solution. But they have their fingers crossed she was swabbed with bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I really hope that she was,\" Vukadinovich says. \"If there's a decreased chance of her having any health issues, that would be awesome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her husband, Nick, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not terribly religious so we won't baptize with water — holy water,\" Nick says. \"But since we're scientists, we like the idea of a bacterial baptism instead of a holy baptism — because now she's been initiated with bacteria, friendly bacteria, that should protect her down the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Doctors+Test+Bacterial+Smear+After+Cesarean+Sections+To+Bolster+Babies%27+Microbiomes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445306/doctors-test-bacterial-smear-after-c-sections-to-bolster-babies-health","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445306"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_631","futureofyou_1635","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_68","futureofyou_520"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093","futureofyou_1097"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445307","label":"source_futureofyou_445306"},"futureofyou_443835":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_443835","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"443835","score":null,"sort":[1533754808000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"babies-who-seem-fine-at-birth-may-have-zika-related-problems-later-study-finds","title":"Babies Who Seem Fine At Birth May Have Zika-Related Problems Later, Study Finds","publishDate":1533754808,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Since Zika emerged as a threat to babies, it has been a mystery exactly how much of a danger the mosquito-borne virus poses to children.[contextly_sidebar id=\"ty8Keov1NUvlIUGsc2aZa8c364gQOzuA\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, the largest study to follow kids who were exposed to the virus in the womb is providing more answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study involved 1,450 babies who had been exposed to the virus, and who were 1-year-old by February 2018. Six percent were born with birth defects, and 14 percent developed problems that could be blamed on the virus by the time they turned 1, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're beginning to see the full spectrum of the impact of Zika,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/spokesperson/sme-bio/honein.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Margaret Honein\u003c/a>, director of the Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CDC released the study Tuesday\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is really our first look at how these children are doing as they grow and develop, and really emphasizes that the Zika story is not over, particularly for these children,\" Honein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html\">Zika \u003c/a>triggered an international public health emergency in 2016 when a large outbreak in Brazil revealed that the virus could cause babies to be born with very small heads and severely damaged brains when pregnant women get infected. The condition is called \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/microcephaly.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">microcephaly\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It slowly has become more apparent that Zika-exposed babies could develop a range of other problems as well, including seizures, damaged vision and developmental disorders.[contextly_sidebar id=\"32OPYd5JdwOY5VRyjI10z7XKAkjzn6RX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/06/08/532087184/cdc-reveals-sharper-numbers-of-zika-birth-defects-from-u-s-territories\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CDC reported last year\u003c/a> that about 5 percent of babies exposed in the womb are born with microcephaly and other birth defects. But the extent of the risk as children get older is just now starting to become clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new analysis included babies born in U.S. territories such as Puerto Rico and in U.S. freely associated states, such as the Marshall Islands. It found that the risk for birth defects including microcephaly and vision damage is slightly higher — about 6 percent. And 1 in 7 — 14 percent — developed some kind of problem that could have been caused by the virus by their first birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, 20 babies in the new analysis whose heads were normal at birth had microcephaly by the time they turned 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That happened because their brain was not growing and developing properly,\" Honein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Babies also developed complications including cognitive problems, difficulties walking, moving and swallowing, and seizures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really important that parents and doctors work together to make sure children get all the evaluations they need, even if they look healthy when they are born,\" Honein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, only about one-third of the Zika-exposed babies in the study had an eye exam by an eye specialist.[contextly_sidebar id=\"S48dSINArZNQEXA3LRc21c6yj0trOwUT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also important to continue to follow these children, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are still in the early stages of learning about Zika. So we don't yet know what sort of problems might emerge when the children are 2 years old or 3 years old or when they reach school age,\" Honein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no major Zika outbreaks occurring right now. But Honein stresses Zika \u003ca href=\"https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/zika-information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is still being transmitted in many countries\u003c/a> and outbreaks still could occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So pregnant women and couples trying to conceive should continue to protect themselves while living or visiting places where Zika is being transmitted. The virus is primarily spread by mosquitoes, but can also be spread sexually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC on Tuesday also issued new interim guidance for men who were exposed to the virus. The agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/zika/women-and-their-partners.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is now recommending\u003c/a> these men wait three months after exposure before trying to conceive. The CDC had previously recommended waiting six months. But the latest science suggests the virus doesn't remain infectious in semen as long as previously thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Babies+Who+Seem+Fine+At+Birth+May+Have+Zika-Related+Problems+Later%2C+Study+Finds+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The largest study to follow women infected with Zika while they were pregnant finds about 6 percent of children had problems at birth, but 14 percent had complications by their first birthday.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1533713801,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":647},"headData":{"title":"Babies Who Seem Fine At Birth May Have Zika-Related Problems Later, Study Finds | KQED","description":"The largest study to follow women infected with Zika while they were pregnant finds about 6 percent of children had problems at birth, but 14 percent had complications by their first birthday.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Babies Who Seem Fine At Birth May Have Zika-Related Problems Later, Study Finds","datePublished":"2018-08-08T19:00:08.000Z","dateModified":"2018-08-08T07:36:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"443835 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=443835","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/08/08/babies-who-seem-fine-at-birth-may-have-zika-related-problems-later-study-finds/","disqusTitle":"Babies Who Seem Fine At Birth May Have Zika-Related Problems Later, Study Finds","source":"Health","nprImageCredit":"Mario Tama","nprByline":"Rob Stein, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"636055558","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=636055558&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/08/07/636055558/babies-who-seem-fine-at-birth-may-have-zika-related-problems-later-study-finds?ft=nprml&f=636055558","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 08 Aug 2018 02:12:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 07 Aug 2018 13:05:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 08 Aug 2018 02:12:33 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/08/20180807_atc_babies_who_seem_fine_at_birth_may_have_zika-related_problems_later_study_finds_.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=156&p=2&story=636055558&ft=nprml&f=636055558","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1636423720-b269d3.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=156&p=2&story=636055558&ft=nprml&f=636055558","audioTrackLength":156,"path":"/futureofyou/443835/babies-who-seem-fine-at-birth-may-have-zika-related-problems-later-study-finds","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/08/20180807_atc_babies_who_seem_fine_at_birth_may_have_zika-related_problems_later_study_finds_.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=156&p=2&story=636055558&ft=nprml&f=636055558","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Since Zika emerged as a threat to babies, it has been a mystery exactly how much of a danger the mosquito-borne virus poses to children.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, the largest study to follow kids who were exposed to the virus in the womb is providing more answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study involved 1,450 babies who had been exposed to the virus, and who were 1-year-old by February 2018. Six percent were born with birth defects, and 14 percent developed problems that could be blamed on the virus by the time they turned 1, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're beginning to see the full spectrum of the impact of Zika,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/spokesperson/sme-bio/honein.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Margaret Honein\u003c/a>, director of the Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CDC released the study Tuesday\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is really our first look at how these children are doing as they grow and develop, and really emphasizes that the Zika story is not over, particularly for these children,\" Honein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html\">Zika \u003c/a>triggered an international public health emergency in 2016 when a large outbreak in Brazil revealed that the virus could cause babies to be born with very small heads and severely damaged brains when pregnant women get infected. The condition is called \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/microcephaly.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">microcephaly\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It slowly has become more apparent that Zika-exposed babies could develop a range of other problems as well, including seizures, damaged vision and developmental disorders.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/06/08/532087184/cdc-reveals-sharper-numbers-of-zika-birth-defects-from-u-s-territories\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CDC reported last year\u003c/a> that about 5 percent of babies exposed in the womb are born with microcephaly and other birth defects. But the extent of the risk as children get older is just now starting to become clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new analysis included babies born in U.S. territories such as Puerto Rico and in U.S. freely associated states, such as the Marshall Islands. It found that the risk for birth defects including microcephaly and vision damage is slightly higher — about 6 percent. And 1 in 7 — 14 percent — developed some kind of problem that could have been caused by the virus by their first birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, 20 babies in the new analysis whose heads were normal at birth had microcephaly by the time they turned 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That happened because their brain was not growing and developing properly,\" Honein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Babies also developed complications including cognitive problems, difficulties walking, moving and swallowing, and seizures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really important that parents and doctors work together to make sure children get all the evaluations they need, even if they look healthy when they are born,\" Honein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, only about one-third of the Zika-exposed babies in the study had an eye exam by an eye specialist.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also important to continue to follow these children, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are still in the early stages of learning about Zika. So we don't yet know what sort of problems might emerge when the children are 2 years old or 3 years old or when they reach school age,\" Honein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no major Zika outbreaks occurring right now. But Honein stresses Zika \u003ca href=\"https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/zika-information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is still being transmitted in many countries\u003c/a> and outbreaks still could occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So pregnant women and couples trying to conceive should continue to protect themselves while living or visiting places where Zika is being transmitted. The virus is primarily spread by mosquitoes, but can also be spread sexually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC on Tuesday also issued new interim guidance for men who were exposed to the virus. The agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/zika/women-and-their-partners.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is now recommending\u003c/a> these men wait three months after exposure before trying to conceive. The CDC had previously recommended waiting six months. But the latest science suggests the virus doesn't remain infectious in semen as long as previously thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Babies+Who+Seem+Fine+At+Birth+May+Have+Zika-Related+Problems+Later%2C+Study+Finds+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/443835/babies-who-seem-fine-at-birth-may-have-zika-related-problems-later-study-finds","authors":["byline_futureofyou_443835"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_631","futureofyou_141","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_1528","futureofyou_1032"],"featImg":"futureofyou_443836","label":"source_futureofyou_443835"},"futureofyou_443316":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_443316","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"443316","score":null,"sort":[1531411200000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"where-does-the-u-s-stand-on-breastfeeding","title":"Where Does the U.S. Stand on Breastfeeding?","publishDate":1531411200,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":1093,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Breastfeeding remains the gold standard for infant nutrition across the world. And while the United States lags behind many developed nations, most U.S. states have significantly improved breastfeeding rates over the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Are We Talking About This?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 8, The New York Times reported the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/08/health/world-health-breastfeeding-ecuador-trump.html\">Trump administration opposed a breastfeeding policy\u003c/a> Ecuador planned to introduce during the World Health Assembly. Under pressure from the infant formula industry, U.S. officials threatened retaliatory trade and military measures if Ecuador moved forward, according to the Times. Ultimately, Russia introduced the policy, which the United Nations-affiliated body then passed largely intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1016367395294908421\">tweet\u003c/a> Monday, President Donald Trump criticized the Times’ coverage of the story. He suggested the reporting was false, but then said: “The U.S. strongly supports breastfeeding but we don’t believe women should be denied access to formula. Many women need this option because of malnutrition and poverty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These reports shocked physicians and public health advocates in the United States and around the world and stood in stark contrast to decades of infant and maternal research and guidelines. In war zones and during humanitarian crises, infant formula makes sense, said Gayle Tzemach Lemmon, an author and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/12/opinions/global-breastfeeding-policies-opinion-lemmon/index.html?\">in this piece\u003c/a>. In those extreme cases, access to formula should be provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But research has long shown that breastfeeding is the best way to \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000803.htm\">nourish an infant\u003c/a>, boost their \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9892025\">immune system\u003c/a>, prevent them from being sick or becoming \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19693959\">overweight or obese\u003c/a> and forge \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK52687/\">bonding between mother and child\u003c/a>. It can also help maternal health. And, experts said after the president’s remarks, low-income and impoverished areas are where breastfeeding can make the biggest improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Does the U.S. Stand?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite having one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oecd.org/els/family/database.htm\">lowest breastfeeding initiation rates among industrialized countries\u003c/a> — it ranked 26th, according to the latest available data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development — breastfeeding rates in the U.S. improved nationwide and in nearly every state between 2007 and 2016, according to the latest available CDC data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, nearly 74 percent of U.S. women said they had ever breastfed, according to results from the CDC’s National Immunization Survey. A decade later, that number rose to 81 percent of American women. And the rate of women who said they continued breastfeeding at six months, consistent with recommendations from the WHO, rose from 42 percent to 52 percent by 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most states revealed increases of 10-percentage points or more among women who said they had ever breastfed during the same time period. Utah reported the highest breastfeeding rate — 94 percent — while just over half of Mississippi mothers said they had tried to breastfeed their children. Three states — Vermont, Washington and Tennessee — slipped slightly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why it Matters?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Breastfeeding is one of the most cost-effective interventions for improving maternal and child health,” said Georges Benjamin, executive director for the American Public Health Association, in a released statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the U.S., \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6627a3.htm\">disparities in race, income and geography\u003c/a> underscore the work that’s left to do to support U.S. mothers who want to give their infants breastmilk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the World Health Organization challenged the global community to raise by 2025 the number of babies who were \u003ca href=\"http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/149022/WHO_NMH_NHD_14.7_eng.pdf;jsessionid=46F03474C750F2F4847BA40C1F94BD52?sequence=1\">exclusively breastfed during their first six months\u003c/a> by 50 percent. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also recognizes breast milk “as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/resources/us-breastfeeding-rates.html\">best source of nutrition for most infants\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some places in the U.S. have spearheaded their own efforts to improve breastfeeding rates. The Make The Breast Pump Not Suck Hackathon at the Massachusetts Institute for Technology is an annual event that gives grants to projects that would improve access to breast feeding, from designing better breast pumps to improving social policies. In 2016, San Francisco took steps to ensure \u003ca href=\"http://www.populationsciences.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/SF%20Paid%20Parental%20Leave%20-%20UC%20Berkeley%20issue%20brief%201.pdf\">paid parental leave\u003c/a>, something advocates suggest could further improve breastfeeding rates. The United States remains the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oecd.org/els/soc/PF2_1_Parental_leave_systems.pdf\">only developed nation without mandated paid maternity leave\u003c/a>, according to the OECD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catherine D’Ignazio, who founded the hackathon event in 2014, said the reality is that many people still “don’t have access to making that choice” to breastfeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn aligncenter\" src=\"https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/07/breastfeed-graphic.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1031\" height=\"4685\">\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Breastfeeding rates have gone up in the U.S. in recent years, but it's still one of the lowest rates among developed nations. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1531377359,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":719},"headData":{"title":"Where Does the U.S. Stand on Breastfeeding? | KQED","description":"Breastfeeding rates have gone up in the U.S. in recent years, but it's still one of the lowest rates among developed nations. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Where Does the U.S. Stand on Breastfeeding?","datePublished":"2018-07-12T16:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2018-07-12T06:35:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"443316 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=443316","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/07/12/where-does-the-u-s-stand-on-breastfeeding/","disqusTitle":"Where Does the U.S. Stand on Breastfeeding?","nprByline":"Laura Santhanam\u003cbr />PBS NewsHour","path":"/futureofyou/443316/where-does-the-u-s-stand-on-breastfeeding","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Breastfeeding remains the gold standard for infant nutrition across the world. And while the United States lags behind many developed nations, most U.S. states have significantly improved breastfeeding rates over the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Are We Talking About This?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 8, The New York Times reported the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/08/health/world-health-breastfeeding-ecuador-trump.html\">Trump administration opposed a breastfeeding policy\u003c/a> Ecuador planned to introduce during the World Health Assembly. Under pressure from the infant formula industry, U.S. officials threatened retaliatory trade and military measures if Ecuador moved forward, according to the Times. Ultimately, Russia introduced the policy, which the United Nations-affiliated body then passed largely intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1016367395294908421\">tweet\u003c/a> Monday, President Donald Trump criticized the Times’ coverage of the story. He suggested the reporting was false, but then said: “The U.S. strongly supports breastfeeding but we don’t believe women should be denied access to formula. Many women need this option because of malnutrition and poverty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These reports shocked physicians and public health advocates in the United States and around the world and stood in stark contrast to decades of infant and maternal research and guidelines. In war zones and during humanitarian crises, infant formula makes sense, said Gayle Tzemach Lemmon, an author and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/12/opinions/global-breastfeeding-policies-opinion-lemmon/index.html?\">in this piece\u003c/a>. In those extreme cases, access to formula should be provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But research has long shown that breastfeeding is the best way to \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000803.htm\">nourish an infant\u003c/a>, boost their \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9892025\">immune system\u003c/a>, prevent them from being sick or becoming \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19693959\">overweight or obese\u003c/a> and forge \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK52687/\">bonding between mother and child\u003c/a>. It can also help maternal health. And, experts said after the president’s remarks, low-income and impoverished areas are where breastfeeding can make the biggest improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Does the U.S. Stand?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite having one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oecd.org/els/family/database.htm\">lowest breastfeeding initiation rates among industrialized countries\u003c/a> — it ranked 26th, according to the latest available data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development — breastfeeding rates in the U.S. improved nationwide and in nearly every state between 2007 and 2016, according to the latest available CDC data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, nearly 74 percent of U.S. women said they had ever breastfed, according to results from the CDC’s National Immunization Survey. A decade later, that number rose to 81 percent of American women. And the rate of women who said they continued breastfeeding at six months, consistent with recommendations from the WHO, rose from 42 percent to 52 percent by 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most states revealed increases of 10-percentage points or more among women who said they had ever breastfed during the same time period. Utah reported the highest breastfeeding rate — 94 percent — while just over half of Mississippi mothers said they had tried to breastfeed their children. Three states — Vermont, Washington and Tennessee — slipped slightly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why it Matters?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Breastfeeding is one of the most cost-effective interventions for improving maternal and child health,” said Georges Benjamin, executive director for the American Public Health Association, in a released statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the U.S., \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6627a3.htm\">disparities in race, income and geography\u003c/a> underscore the work that’s left to do to support U.S. mothers who want to give their infants breastmilk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the World Health Organization challenged the global community to raise by 2025 the number of babies who were \u003ca href=\"http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/149022/WHO_NMH_NHD_14.7_eng.pdf;jsessionid=46F03474C750F2F4847BA40C1F94BD52?sequence=1\">exclusively breastfed during their first six months\u003c/a> by 50 percent. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also recognizes breast milk “as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/resources/us-breastfeeding-rates.html\">best source of nutrition for most infants\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some places in the U.S. have spearheaded their own efforts to improve breastfeeding rates. The Make The Breast Pump Not Suck Hackathon at the Massachusetts Institute for Technology is an annual event that gives grants to projects that would improve access to breast feeding, from designing better breast pumps to improving social policies. In 2016, San Francisco took steps to ensure \u003ca href=\"http://www.populationsciences.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/SF%20Paid%20Parental%20Leave%20-%20UC%20Berkeley%20issue%20brief%201.pdf\">paid parental leave\u003c/a>, something advocates suggest could further improve breastfeeding rates. The United States remains the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oecd.org/els/soc/PF2_1_Parental_leave_systems.pdf\">only developed nation without mandated paid maternity leave\u003c/a>, according to the OECD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catherine D’Ignazio, who founded the hackathon event in 2014, said the reality is that many people still “don’t have access to making that choice” to breastfeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn aligncenter\" src=\"https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/07/breastfeed-graphic.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1031\" height=\"4685\">\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/443316/where-does-the-u-s-stand-on-breastfeeding","authors":["byline_futureofyou_443316"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_631","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_223"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_443318","label":"futureofyou_1093"},"futureofyou_442343":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_442343","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"442343","score":null,"sort":[1528298279000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"clinic-claims-success-in-making-babies-with-3-parents-dna","title":"Clinic Claims Success In Making Babies With 3 Parents' DNA","publishDate":1528298279,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In a clinic on a side street in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, doctors are doing something that, as far as is publicly known, is being done nowhere else in the world: using DNA from three different people to create babies for women who are infertile.[contextly_sidebar id=\"hJp3PK3nX6Xp23jBK7povAqNM584M314\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can help these families to achieve their own babies, why it must be forbidden?\" \u003ca href=\"http://nadiyaclinic.com/about-the-clinic/our-team/valery-zukin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Valery Zukin\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://nadiyaclinic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nadiya Clinic\u003c/a>, asks as he peers over his glasses. \"It is a dream to want to have a genetic connection with a baby.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I traveled to Ukraine because Zukin promised unusual access to his private fertility clinic, including the first demonstration for a U.S. journalist of how scientists create \"three-parent\" babies — a procedure prohibited by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin also arranged the first-ever interview with a mother of a 15-month-old boy who is one of the four children he says he has produced this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three more of his patients are pregnant, Zukin says, including a woman from Sweden. Women from several other countries including Britain, Brazil and Israel are going through the process, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leading ethicists and genetics researchers criticize the clinic for rushing ahead to use this method for infertility. No one knows whether children produced this way will be healthy, they say. And some worry the procedure may open the door to \"designer babies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is pretty troubling,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/user/25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, who heads the Center for Genetics and Society, a U.S.-based watchdog group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zukin dismisses those criticisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a doctor I understand only one thing: We have parents who couldn't have children and now they have their own biological child. That's all,\" Zukin says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"e9qixdqsJYlqHyn9aCm0jBm9SiC8DfaI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin has helped form a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dl-nadiya.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">company\u003c/a>, Darwin Life-Nadiya, with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York clinic\u003c/a> to market the service to U.S. women willing to travel to Ukraine. Ukrainian women pay about $8,000 for the procedure; for foreigners, it's about $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transferring DNA From Egg to Egg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To show how the procedure works, Zukin sends me upstairs to the embryo lab. After putting on a sterile blue gown and booties, I meet Pavlo Mazur, a clinic embryo scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will begin,\" Mazur says, as he takes a clear plastic dish out of an incubator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dish contains a 1-day-old embryo. It was created by fertilizing the egg of a woman with sperm from her male partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dish also holds a second embryo. This was made using the same man's sperm to fertilize an egg from another woman, who was paid to donate eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After sliding the embryos under a large microscope, Mazur starts a timer. He has only 15 minutes to complete the delicate procedure without risking damage to the embryos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A monitor nearby displays what Mazur sees through the microscope. A round structure comes into focus on the screen. It's one of the embryos.[contextly_sidebar id=\"lH4aHr8bWw920dNDT3zPx9BxxYAHoA23\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You see?\" Mazur says, pointing to two smaller round structures inside. They contain the DNA of the man and woman trying to have a baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One is from sperm. It's paternal,\" Mazur says. \"And the second one is maternal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazur slowly inserts a tiny, hollow glass needle into the fertilized egg. Even though Mazur is under pressure to work fast, he can't move too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Very steady and slow,\" Mazur says. \"We don't want to damage it, right? We want it to survive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He uses the needle to extract the would-be parents' DNA. Mazur does the same thing with the second fertilized egg, removing all the DNA — except for 37 genes known as \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/mitochondrial-dna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mitochondrial DNA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondria provide energy for eggs. A defect in the patient's mitochondrial DNA might be what's preventing her from getting pregnant. So using the donor's mitochondrial DNA may be what enables the patient to produce healthy embryos and babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like an universal currency for a cell,\" Mazur says. \"It helps for all processes within the cell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step is to transfer the DNA of the woman and man trying to have a child into the donor's mostly gutted embryo — empty except for the other woman's mitochondrial DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And now we will just try to put the genetic material of our patient inside,\" Mazur says as he gently inserts the needle holding the couple's DNA and injects the genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's it,\" he says, glancing at his timer to see there are still two minutes left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, you see? It's inside,\" Mazur says, pointing to the couple's DNA. \"It will develop into embryo.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nadiya clinic is transferring embryos reconstructed this way into the wombs of women trying to become pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the clinic has tried the procedure on 21 women. Fourteen attempts failed, probably because the women were older, the clinic staffers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the other women either had babies or are pregnant. They were younger, but could never produce viable embryos on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I adore that such technology exists. I adore that it can help some people,\" says Mazur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These babies end up with DNA from three different people: the woman trying to have a baby; her male partner; and the egg donor who has provided 37 mitochondrial genes. That's why they're called three-parent babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mazur says that label is wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These babies — they have DNA from mother and from father. So they are genetically related to their parents,\" Mazur says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"epZCsHoOtfaC0xfJUpdgovxcZOsKlTBF\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of the baby's DNA comes from the nucleus of the cell. And those are the genes responsible for the traits that most people consider their genetic inheritance, such as their eye and hair color, height, weight and personality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bit of mitochondrial DNA is \"incomparable,\" Mazur says. \"These children are more like their parents — not donor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazur will present the clinic's latest results at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eshre.eu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology\u003c/a>'s annual meeting in Barcelona in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Moving too fast?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists are welcoming this as a potentially exciting new option for some women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is pioneering work,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cumc.p.cumcweb.org/mdphd/profile/degli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dietrich Egli\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of developmental biology at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. The procedure is technically known as \"pronuclear transfer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we can learn from their work is that pronuclear transfer may be useful for some cases of infertility,\" says Egli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say it's far too soon to be attempting this procedure to create children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is really an irresponsible kind of human experimentation,\" Darnovsky of the Center for Genetics and Society says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not nearly enough laboratory and animal research has been done to know if the procedure is safe, Darnovsky and others say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just don't know what's going to happen to these children,\" Darnovsky says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1990s, a doctor in New Jersey injected fluid from healthy eggs into the eggs of infertile women, and some babies were born with mitochondrial DNA from three people. But that was discontinued after the FDA intervened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one other baby is known to have been produced using a technique similar to the one being used by Zukin. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/about-us/fertility-doctor/john-zhang/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Zhang\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Hope Fertility Center\u003c/a> in New York performed a related procedure for a Jordanian couple to try to prevent their child from having \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/leigh-syndrome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leigh syndrome\u003c/a>, a disorder caused by defects in mitochondrial DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the procedure was developed — to help women carrying \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/mitochondrialdiseases.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mitochondrial disorders\u003c/a> have healthy children. In severe cases, these disorders can be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. National Academy of Sciences panel \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/03/465319186/babies-with-genes-from-three-people-could-be-ethical-panel-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concluded\u003c/a> it could be ethical to attempt the procedure for this purpose. But because the FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm570185.htm\">won't allow\u003c/a> it at all in the United States, the baby of the Jordanian couple whom \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/27/495668299/new-york-fertility-doctor-says-he-created-baby-with-3-genetic-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zhang helped was born in Mexico in 2016.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors in the United Kingdom have started trying the technique to prevent mitochondrial disorders. But the British doctors are being \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/02/03/383578221/u-k-lawmakers-allow-scientists-to-attempt-dna-transplants\">allowed\u003c/a> to try to make only one baby at a time as part of a tightly regulated \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/11/10/360342623/combining-the-dna-of-three-people-raises-ethical-questions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research program\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=\"2QVJm0WQxeuB5lotTMLysQyqrPHpvncJ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin says he received approval for a five-year research program from the Ukrainian Postgraduate Medical Academy, which is under the auspices of the Ukrainian Ministry of Public Health. But Zukin concedes the procedure is far less regulated in his country. Nevertheless, he makes sure all the women understand they are undergoing an experimental procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We explain everything to the families. And not all families give permission for providing this experimental procedure,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because mitochondrial DNA can be inherited, Darnovsky worries the procedure is crossing a line that long has been considered taboo: making changes in human DNA that can be passed down to future generations. One fear is that a mistake could create a new disease that could be inherited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother. Zukin already has used the procedure to produce one baby girl — a girl who could one day pass the mitochondrial DNA to her own children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darnovsky worries the procedure could also open the door to creating babies who are genetically modified for other reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're seeing is a fast slide down a very slippery slope toward designer babies,\" Darnovsky says. \"We could see parents feeling eager to give their children traits like greater strength, needs less sleep. Some people are saying that, 'Yes, there are genes for IQ and we could have smarter babies.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin dismisses speculation about designer babies. He says he's interested only in helping women who are infertile have genetically related children or prevent mitochondrial diseases. And so far, all the babies he has created appear to be perfectly healthy, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only way to know whether the procedure works and is safe is to try it, he argues. He hopes to figure out how to make the procedure work for women suffering from age-related infertility as well, which would help far more women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you would like to swim,\" he says, \"then, first of all, you must jump in the water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A second story on Wednesday afternoon features an exclusive interview with a mother and her three-parent son.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Clinic+Claims+Success+In+Making+Babies+With+3+Parents%27+DNA+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A clinic in Kiev, Ukraine, stirs controversy by making babies with DNA from three different people to help women who are infertile bear children. It's the only clinic known to be doing this right now.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1528298279,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":63,"wordCount":1731},"headData":{"title":"Clinic Claims Success In Making Babies With 3 Parents' DNA | KQED","description":"A clinic in Kiev, Ukraine, stirs controversy by making babies with DNA from three different people to help women who are infertile bear children. It's the only clinic known to be doing this right now.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Clinic Claims Success In Making Babies With 3 Parents' DNA","datePublished":"2018-06-06T15:17:59.000Z","dateModified":"2018-06-06T15:17:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"442343 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=442343","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/06/06/clinic-claims-success-in-making-babies-with-3-parents-dna/","disqusTitle":"Clinic Claims Success In Making Babies With 3 Parents' DNA","source":"Health","nprByline":"Rob Stein, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Rob Stein/NPR","nprStoryId":"615909572","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=615909572&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/06/06/615909572/inside-the-ukrainian-clinic-making-3-parent-babies-for-women-who-are-infertile?ft=nprml&f=615909572","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 06 Jun 2018 11:02:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 06 Jun 2018 05:11:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 06 Jun 2018 11:02:46 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/06/20180606_me_inside_the_ukrainian_clinic_making_3-parent_babies_for_women_who_are_infertile.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=398&p=3&story=615909572&ft=nprml&f=615909572","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1617422957-21e5db.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=398&p=3&story=615909572&ft=nprml&f=615909572","path":"/futureofyou/442343/clinic-claims-success-in-making-babies-with-3-parents-dna","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/06/20180606_me_inside_the_ukrainian_clinic_making_3-parent_babies_for_women_who_are_infertile.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=398&p=3&story=615909572&ft=nprml&f=615909572","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a clinic on a side street in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, doctors are doing something that, as far as is publicly known, is being done nowhere else in the world: using DNA from three different people to create babies for women who are infertile.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can help these families to achieve their own babies, why it must be forbidden?\" \u003ca href=\"http://nadiyaclinic.com/about-the-clinic/our-team/valery-zukin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Valery Zukin\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://nadiyaclinic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nadiya Clinic\u003c/a>, asks as he peers over his glasses. \"It is a dream to want to have a genetic connection with a baby.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I traveled to Ukraine because Zukin promised unusual access to his private fertility clinic, including the first demonstration for a U.S. journalist of how scientists create \"three-parent\" babies — a procedure prohibited by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin also arranged the first-ever interview with a mother of a 15-month-old boy who is one of the four children he says he has produced this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three more of his patients are pregnant, Zukin says, including a woman from Sweden. Women from several other countries including Britain, Brazil and Israel are going through the process, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leading ethicists and genetics researchers criticize the clinic for rushing ahead to use this method for infertility. No one knows whether children produced this way will be healthy, they say. And some worry the procedure may open the door to \"designer babies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is pretty troubling,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/user/25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, who heads the Center for Genetics and Society, a U.S.-based watchdog group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zukin dismisses those criticisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a doctor I understand only one thing: We have parents who couldn't have children and now they have their own biological child. That's all,\" Zukin says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin has helped form a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dl-nadiya.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">company\u003c/a>, Darwin Life-Nadiya, with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York clinic\u003c/a> to market the service to U.S. women willing to travel to Ukraine. Ukrainian women pay about $8,000 for the procedure; for foreigners, it's about $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transferring DNA From Egg to Egg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To show how the procedure works, Zukin sends me upstairs to the embryo lab. After putting on a sterile blue gown and booties, I meet Pavlo Mazur, a clinic embryo scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will begin,\" Mazur says, as he takes a clear plastic dish out of an incubator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dish contains a 1-day-old embryo. It was created by fertilizing the egg of a woman with sperm from her male partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dish also holds a second embryo. This was made using the same man's sperm to fertilize an egg from another woman, who was paid to donate eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After sliding the embryos under a large microscope, Mazur starts a timer. He has only 15 minutes to complete the delicate procedure without risking damage to the embryos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A monitor nearby displays what Mazur sees through the microscope. A round structure comes into focus on the screen. It's one of the embryos.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You see?\" Mazur says, pointing to two smaller round structures inside. They contain the DNA of the man and woman trying to have a baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One is from sperm. It's paternal,\" Mazur says. \"And the second one is maternal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazur slowly inserts a tiny, hollow glass needle into the fertilized egg. Even though Mazur is under pressure to work fast, he can't move too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Very steady and slow,\" Mazur says. \"We don't want to damage it, right? We want it to survive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He uses the needle to extract the would-be parents' DNA. Mazur does the same thing with the second fertilized egg, removing all the DNA — except for 37 genes known as \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/mitochondrial-dna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mitochondrial DNA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondria provide energy for eggs. A defect in the patient's mitochondrial DNA might be what's preventing her from getting pregnant. So using the donor's mitochondrial DNA may be what enables the patient to produce healthy embryos and babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like an universal currency for a cell,\" Mazur says. \"It helps for all processes within the cell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step is to transfer the DNA of the woman and man trying to have a child into the donor's mostly gutted embryo — empty except for the other woman's mitochondrial DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And now we will just try to put the genetic material of our patient inside,\" Mazur says as he gently inserts the needle holding the couple's DNA and injects the genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's it,\" he says, glancing at his timer to see there are still two minutes left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, you see? It's inside,\" Mazur says, pointing to the couple's DNA. \"It will develop into embryo.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nadiya clinic is transferring embryos reconstructed this way into the wombs of women trying to become pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the clinic has tried the procedure on 21 women. Fourteen attempts failed, probably because the women were older, the clinic staffers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the other women either had babies or are pregnant. They were younger, but could never produce viable embryos on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I adore that such technology exists. I adore that it can help some people,\" says Mazur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These babies end up with DNA from three different people: the woman trying to have a baby; her male partner; and the egg donor who has provided 37 mitochondrial genes. That's why they're called three-parent babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mazur says that label is wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These babies — they have DNA from mother and from father. So they are genetically related to their parents,\" Mazur says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of the baby's DNA comes from the nucleus of the cell. And those are the genes responsible for the traits that most people consider their genetic inheritance, such as their eye and hair color, height, weight and personality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bit of mitochondrial DNA is \"incomparable,\" Mazur says. \"These children are more like their parents — not donor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazur will present the clinic's latest results at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eshre.eu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology\u003c/a>'s annual meeting in Barcelona in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Moving too fast?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists are welcoming this as a potentially exciting new option for some women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is pioneering work,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cumc.p.cumcweb.org/mdphd/profile/degli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dietrich Egli\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of developmental biology at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. The procedure is technically known as \"pronuclear transfer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we can learn from their work is that pronuclear transfer may be useful for some cases of infertility,\" says Egli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say it's far too soon to be attempting this procedure to create children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is really an irresponsible kind of human experimentation,\" Darnovsky of the Center for Genetics and Society says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not nearly enough laboratory and animal research has been done to know if the procedure is safe, Darnovsky and others say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just don't know what's going to happen to these children,\" Darnovsky says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1990s, a doctor in New Jersey injected fluid from healthy eggs into the eggs of infertile women, and some babies were born with mitochondrial DNA from three people. But that was discontinued after the FDA intervened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one other baby is known to have been produced using a technique similar to the one being used by Zukin. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/about-us/fertility-doctor/john-zhang/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Zhang\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Hope Fertility Center\u003c/a> in New York performed a related procedure for a Jordanian couple to try to prevent their child from having \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/leigh-syndrome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leigh syndrome\u003c/a>, a disorder caused by defects in mitochondrial DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the procedure was developed — to help women carrying \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/mitochondrialdiseases.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mitochondrial disorders\u003c/a> have healthy children. In severe cases, these disorders can be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. National Academy of Sciences panel \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/03/465319186/babies-with-genes-from-three-people-could-be-ethical-panel-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concluded\u003c/a> it could be ethical to attempt the procedure for this purpose. But because the FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm570185.htm\">won't allow\u003c/a> it at all in the United States, the baby of the Jordanian couple whom \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/27/495668299/new-york-fertility-doctor-says-he-created-baby-with-3-genetic-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zhang helped was born in Mexico in 2016.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors in the United Kingdom have started trying the technique to prevent mitochondrial disorders. But the British doctors are being \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/02/03/383578221/u-k-lawmakers-allow-scientists-to-attempt-dna-transplants\">allowed\u003c/a> to try to make only one baby at a time as part of a tightly regulated \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/11/10/360342623/combining-the-dna-of-three-people-raises-ethical-questions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin says he received approval for a five-year research program from the Ukrainian Postgraduate Medical Academy, which is under the auspices of the Ukrainian Ministry of Public Health. But Zukin concedes the procedure is far less regulated in his country. Nevertheless, he makes sure all the women understand they are undergoing an experimental procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We explain everything to the families. And not all families give permission for providing this experimental procedure,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because mitochondrial DNA can be inherited, Darnovsky worries the procedure is crossing a line that long has been considered taboo: making changes in human DNA that can be passed down to future generations. One fear is that a mistake could create a new disease that could be inherited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother. Zukin already has used the procedure to produce one baby girl — a girl who could one day pass the mitochondrial DNA to her own children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darnovsky worries the procedure could also open the door to creating babies who are genetically modified for other reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're seeing is a fast slide down a very slippery slope toward designer babies,\" Darnovsky says. \"We could see parents feeling eager to give their children traits like greater strength, needs less sleep. Some people are saying that, 'Yes, there are genes for IQ and we could have smarter babies.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin dismisses speculation about designer babies. He says he's interested only in helping women who are infertile have genetically related children or prevent mitochondrial diseases. And so far, all the babies he has created appear to be perfectly healthy, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only way to know whether the procedure works and is safe is to try it, he argues. He hopes to figure out how to make the procedure work for women suffering from age-related infertility as well, which would help far more women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you would like to swim,\" he says, \"then, first of all, you must jump in the water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A second story on Wednesday afternoon features an exclusive interview with a mother and her three-parent son.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Clinic+Claims+Success+In+Making+Babies+With+3+Parents%27+DNA+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/442343/clinic-claims-success-in-making-babies-with-3-parents-dna","authors":["byline_futureofyou_442343"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_631","futureofyou_17","futureofyou_283","futureofyou_347","futureofyou_215"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093","futureofyou_1097"],"featImg":"futureofyou_442344","label":"source_futureofyou_442343"},"futureofyou_442082":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_442082","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"442082","score":null,"sort":[1527282011000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-hospitals-urge-moms-to-favor-breast-milk-over-formula","title":"California Hospitals Urge Moms To Favor Breast Milk Over Formula","publishDate":1527282011,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>MONTEBELLO, Calif. — Wendy Wan, 31, said American infant formula is advertised in her native China as the most nutritious food for a newborn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds like it’s premium,” said Wan, who gave birth in early May at Beverly Hospital here. Wan said she was skeptical of the ads and had planned to feed her baby son only breast milk. But when her milk failed to come in quickly, she didn’t hesitate to supplement it with formula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I prefer breastfeeding, but I think it’s almost the same,” she said from her hospital bed the day after her son was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the same. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a baby’s life because of the well-known health benefits for both infants and mothers. Women, like Wan, who start with the intention of feeding their babies exclusively breast milk but then supplement it with formula while still in the hospital are nearly three times more likely to stop breastfeeding within two months, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24529621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has made \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwic.org/storage/documents/Factsheets2017/Press_Release_2017.docx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significant progress\u003c/a> in recent years promoting exclusive breastfeeding in hospitals, but many women aren’t sticking with it. All but a small fraction of women start breastfeeding while in the hospital, but nearly one-third introduce their babies to formula before leaving, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/CDPH%20Document%20Library/BFP/BFP-Data-InHospital-Hospitals-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a>from the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-278011\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/breastfeeding-hospitals1.png?w=500&h=1206\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"1206\">And significant disparities — both ethnic and socioeconomic — persist. While women of color are exclusively breastfeeding their babies more frequently than in the past, they still lag far behind whites: In 2016, nearly 82 percent of white moms gave their infants only breast milk in the hospital, compared with 60 percent of black moms and 65 percent of Asian and Latina moms, according to the department’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/CDPH%20Document%20Library/BFP/BFP-Data-InHospital-Occurrence-RaceEthnicity-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a>. (Data for individual race groups exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity, who can be of any race.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wide gaps also \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/CDPH%20Document%20Library/BFP/BFP-Data-InHospital-Hospitals-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">separate California’s counties and hospitals\u003c/a>. Some facilities reported exclusive breastfeeding rates of more than 90 percent and others less than 25 percent. Some of the hospitals with the lowest rates are in lower-income communities. The statewide average is 69 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where you deliver … and what race you are have a huge impact on breastfeeding,” said Arissa Palmer, executive director of the nonprofit advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://breastfeedla.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Breastfeed LA\u003c/a>. “Those are barriers that we haven’t touched the surface on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to diminish the disparities and improve the health of babies, state law requires hospitals to implement concrete measures to promote breastfeeding no later than 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> shows that breastfeeding babies can reduce their risk of obesity, diabetes and asthma. It can also lessen the chance of heart disease and cancer in mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, non-Hispanic black babies are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/facts.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significantly less likely\u003c/a> to breastfeed than non-Hispanic whites or Hispanics, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mississippi, West Virginia, Louisiana and Arkansas have the lowest \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/rates-any-exclusive-bf-state-2014.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">breastfeeding rates\u003c/a> in the U.S. Colorado, Oregon, Idaho and Washington have the highest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60 percent of women in the U.S. stop breastfeeding before they had initially intended to, the CDC said. Among the reasons: worries about their infants’ weight, problems with latching, unsupportive policies at work and lack of education about the benefits of breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another factor may be the unintended consequences of patient satisfaction scores, said Carmen Rezak, maternal-child health quality coordinator for AHMC Healthcare, a Southern California hospital chain. Because patient ratings are tied to hospital reimbursement, nurses are sometimes afraid to deny patients’ wishes. They may not want to tell relatives they cannot visit, for example, even if more privacy and quiet time do encourage breastfeeding, Rezak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The publication of statewide data on exclusive breastfeeding rates places “pressure on hospitals” to really look at their policies and practices compared with their competitors, said Jen Goldbronn of the state’s public health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"related inline\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"slab email-slab \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"email-signup\">\n\u003cp>One of the best-known ways to increase rates of exclusive breastfeeding is by following the \u003ca href=\"https://www.unicef.org/newsline/tenstps.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.”\u003c/a> These include helping mothers start nursing within one hour of birth, not giving formula to babies unless medically necessary and informing all pregnant women about the benefits of breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization Baby-Friendly USA requires hospitals seeking its “baby-friendly” seal to follow the 10 steps. In California, nearly 100 hospitals have that designation, up from 12 in 2006. The state \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">law\u003c/a> requiring hospitals to have breastfeeding support measures in place by 2025 specifically names the 10 steps, but also allows hospitals to adopt alternative practices proven to encourage breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trish MacEnroe, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.babyfriendlyusa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Baby-Friendly USA\u003c/a>, said hospitals across the country used to discourage breastfeeding inadvertently by whisking babies away to nurseries. Now, newborns typically stay in the room with the mother and start nursing immediately after birth. Urging moms to hold their babies “skin to skin” right after birth helps encourage breastfeeding because of the physical proximity, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.unicef.org.uk/babyfriendly/news-and-research/baby-friendly-research/research-supporting-breastfeeding/skin-to-skin-contact/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the hospitals with the lowest rates of exclusive breastfeeding in the state are Whittier Hospital, at 20 percent, and Monterey Park Hospital, at 22 percent. The two hospitals, both run by AHMC Healthcare, serve a high number of Asian moms and others who come to the country for the sole purpose of giving birth, Rezak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreign parents are among the most difficult to convince about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, in part because of cultural barriers or myths about the value of formula, she said. Education is also important, Rezak said. Hospital staff try to teach all new moms to recognize when their infants are hungry or tired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_278618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-278618\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/breastfeeding_001_1350.jpg?w=1024&h=683\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Newborn Ella Lang is cradled by registered nurse Kam Ho at Beverly Hospital in Montebello, Calif., on May 8. Nurses at the hospital taught Ella’s mother, Peng Peng, to breastfeed and encouraged her to continue. (Ana Venegas for KHN)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>At PIH Health Hospital Whittier, moms who want formula have to sign a form acknowledging they understand their decision, said Valerie Martin, clinical director of maternity care. The hospital’s rate of exclusive breastfeeding is 80 percent, compared with 33 percent at its sister hospital in Downey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Beverly Hospital, where Wan gave birth, nurses show patients different positions for breastfeeding and reinforce the importance of exclusive breastfeeding. But they also try not to push new mothers, said Melissa Morita, director of maternal and child health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peng Peng, who lives in China, came to the U.S. about a month before giving birth to her daughter, Ella Lang, at the hospital earlier this month. Peng, 34, said that soon after Ella was born, a nurse gave her formula because her blood sugar was low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peng said she didn’t mind too much but still wanted to breastfeed as much as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s natural and it’s more nutritious,” she said. “But I’m not super against formula.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"credits\">\u003cem>KHN’s coverage of these topics is supported by \u003ca href=\"http://www.blueshieldcafoundation.org/\">Blue Shield of California Foundation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.packard.org/\">The David and Lucile Packard Foundation\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"meta-authors meta\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/aside>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Research shows that breastfeeding babies can reduce their risk of obesity, diabetes and asthma. It can also lessen the chance of heart disease and cancer in mothers.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1527267861,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1231},"headData":{"title":"California Hospitals Urge Moms To Favor Breast Milk Over Formula | KQED","description":"Research shows that breastfeeding babies can reduce their risk of obesity, diabetes and asthma. It can also lessen the chance of heart disease and cancer in mothers.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Hospitals Urge Moms To Favor Breast Milk Over Formula","datePublished":"2018-05-25T21:00:11.000Z","dateModified":"2018-05-25T17:04:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"442082 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=442082","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/05/25/california-hospitals-urge-moms-to-favor-breast-milk-over-formula/","disqusTitle":"California Hospitals Urge Moms To Favor Breast Milk Over Formula","source":"Health","nprByline":"Anna Gorman, KHN","path":"/futureofyou/442082/california-hospitals-urge-moms-to-favor-breast-milk-over-formula","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>MONTEBELLO, Calif. — Wendy Wan, 31, said American infant formula is advertised in her native China as the most nutritious food for a newborn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds like it’s premium,” said Wan, who gave birth in early May at Beverly Hospital here. Wan said she was skeptical of the ads and had planned to feed her baby son only breast milk. But when her milk failed to come in quickly, she didn’t hesitate to supplement it with formula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I prefer breastfeeding, but I think it’s almost the same,” she said from her hospital bed the day after her son was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the same. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a baby’s life because of the well-known health benefits for both infants and mothers. Women, like Wan, who start with the intention of feeding their babies exclusively breast milk but then supplement it with formula while still in the hospital are nearly three times more likely to stop breastfeeding within two months, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24529621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has made \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwic.org/storage/documents/Factsheets2017/Press_Release_2017.docx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significant progress\u003c/a> in recent years promoting exclusive breastfeeding in hospitals, but many women aren’t sticking with it. All but a small fraction of women start breastfeeding while in the hospital, but nearly one-third introduce their babies to formula before leaving, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/CDPH%20Document%20Library/BFP/BFP-Data-InHospital-Hospitals-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a>from the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-278011\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/breastfeeding-hospitals1.png?w=500&h=1206\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"1206\">And significant disparities — both ethnic and socioeconomic — persist. While women of color are exclusively breastfeeding their babies more frequently than in the past, they still lag far behind whites: In 2016, nearly 82 percent of white moms gave their infants only breast milk in the hospital, compared with 60 percent of black moms and 65 percent of Asian and Latina moms, according to the department’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/CDPH%20Document%20Library/BFP/BFP-Data-InHospital-Occurrence-RaceEthnicity-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a>. (Data for individual race groups exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity, who can be of any race.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wide gaps also \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/CDPH%20Document%20Library/BFP/BFP-Data-InHospital-Hospitals-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">separate California’s counties and hospitals\u003c/a>. Some facilities reported exclusive breastfeeding rates of more than 90 percent and others less than 25 percent. Some of the hospitals with the lowest rates are in lower-income communities. The statewide average is 69 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where you deliver … and what race you are have a huge impact on breastfeeding,” said Arissa Palmer, executive director of the nonprofit advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://breastfeedla.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Breastfeed LA\u003c/a>. “Those are barriers that we haven’t touched the surface on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to diminish the disparities and improve the health of babies, state law requires hospitals to implement concrete measures to promote breastfeeding no later than 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> shows that breastfeeding babies can reduce their risk of obesity, diabetes and asthma. It can also lessen the chance of heart disease and cancer in mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, non-Hispanic black babies are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/facts.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significantly less likely\u003c/a> to breastfeed than non-Hispanic whites or Hispanics, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mississippi, West Virginia, Louisiana and Arkansas have the lowest \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/rates-any-exclusive-bf-state-2014.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">breastfeeding rates\u003c/a> in the U.S. Colorado, Oregon, Idaho and Washington have the highest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60 percent of women in the U.S. stop breastfeeding before they had initially intended to, the CDC said. Among the reasons: worries about their infants’ weight, problems with latching, unsupportive policies at work and lack of education about the benefits of breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another factor may be the unintended consequences of patient satisfaction scores, said Carmen Rezak, maternal-child health quality coordinator for AHMC Healthcare, a Southern California hospital chain. Because patient ratings are tied to hospital reimbursement, nurses are sometimes afraid to deny patients’ wishes. They may not want to tell relatives they cannot visit, for example, even if more privacy and quiet time do encourage breastfeeding, Rezak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The publication of statewide data on exclusive breastfeeding rates places “pressure on hospitals” to really look at their policies and practices compared with their competitors, said Jen Goldbronn of the state’s public health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"related inline\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"slab email-slab \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"email-signup\">\n\u003cp>One of the best-known ways to increase rates of exclusive breastfeeding is by following the \u003ca href=\"https://www.unicef.org/newsline/tenstps.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.”\u003c/a> These include helping mothers start nursing within one hour of birth, not giving formula to babies unless medically necessary and informing all pregnant women about the benefits of breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization Baby-Friendly USA requires hospitals seeking its “baby-friendly” seal to follow the 10 steps. In California, nearly 100 hospitals have that designation, up from 12 in 2006. The state \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">law\u003c/a> requiring hospitals to have breastfeeding support measures in place by 2025 specifically names the 10 steps, but also allows hospitals to adopt alternative practices proven to encourage breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trish MacEnroe, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.babyfriendlyusa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Baby-Friendly USA\u003c/a>, said hospitals across the country used to discourage breastfeeding inadvertently by whisking babies away to nurseries. Now, newborns typically stay in the room with the mother and start nursing immediately after birth. Urging moms to hold their babies “skin to skin” right after birth helps encourage breastfeeding because of the physical proximity, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.unicef.org.uk/babyfriendly/news-and-research/baby-friendly-research/research-supporting-breastfeeding/skin-to-skin-contact/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the hospitals with the lowest rates of exclusive breastfeeding in the state are Whittier Hospital, at 20 percent, and Monterey Park Hospital, at 22 percent. The two hospitals, both run by AHMC Healthcare, serve a high number of Asian moms and others who come to the country for the sole purpose of giving birth, Rezak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreign parents are among the most difficult to convince about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, in part because of cultural barriers or myths about the value of formula, she said. Education is also important, Rezak said. Hospital staff try to teach all new moms to recognize when their infants are hungry or tired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_278618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-278618\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/breastfeeding_001_1350.jpg?w=1024&h=683\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Newborn Ella Lang is cradled by registered nurse Kam Ho at Beverly Hospital in Montebello, Calif., on May 8. Nurses at the hospital taught Ella’s mother, Peng Peng, to breastfeed and encouraged her to continue. (Ana Venegas for KHN)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>At PIH Health Hospital Whittier, moms who want formula have to sign a form acknowledging they understand their decision, said Valerie Martin, clinical director of maternity care. The hospital’s rate of exclusive breastfeeding is 80 percent, compared with 33 percent at its sister hospital in Downey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Beverly Hospital, where Wan gave birth, nurses show patients different positions for breastfeeding and reinforce the importance of exclusive breastfeeding. But they also try not to push new mothers, said Melissa Morita, director of maternal and child health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peng Peng, who lives in China, came to the U.S. about a month before giving birth to her daughter, Ella Lang, at the hospital earlier this month. Peng, 34, said that soon after Ella was born, a nurse gave her formula because her blood sugar was low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peng said she didn’t mind too much but still wanted to breastfeed as much as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s natural and it’s more nutritious,” she said. “But I’m not super against formula.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"credits\">\u003cem>KHN’s coverage of these topics is supported by \u003ca href=\"http://www.blueshieldcafoundation.org/\">Blue Shield of California Foundation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.packard.org/\">The David and Lucile Packard Foundation\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"meta-authors meta\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/aside>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/442082/california-hospitals-urge-moms-to-favor-breast-milk-over-formula","authors":["byline_futureofyou_442082"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_631","futureofyou_177","futureofyou_223","futureofyou_216"],"featImg":"futureofyou_442088","label":"source_futureofyou_442082"},"futureofyou_437823":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_437823","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"437823","score":null,"sort":[1513756867000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-babies-experience-pain-is-a-mystery-and-thats-a-problem","title":"How Babies Experience Pain Is a Mystery, and That's a Problem","publishDate":1513756867,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Before the 1980s, clinicians actually performed surgery on newborns \u003ca href=\"https://gizmodo.com/why-are-so-many-newborns-still-being-denied-pain-relief-1755495866\">without giving them anaesthetics or pain medications\u003c/a>. This wasn’t because they thought babies were completely incapable of feeling pain. But they didn’t know how much pain the newborns could experience and feared that the medications may be too dangerous to warrant use.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">We may be underestimating how much pain babies feel when they are under stress.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Luckily we are better informed today. As babies can’t tell us how much pain they are in, scientists have invented several ingenious methods to try and work out what they are feeling. But there’s still a remarkable amount we don’t understand. And our new study, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31400-8\">published in \u003cem>Current Biology\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, shows that we may be underestimating how much pain babies feel when they are under stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason progress has been relatively slow is that there was for a long time no agreed method for reliably measuring babies’ pain perception. It’s only in the last few decades scientists have made increasing efforts to do this – and the results may be applicable to other people who are unable to communicate too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first clues came from animal models in the early 1980s. These showed that the structural and functional connections within the nervous system required to perceive a painful event \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15995722\">are present from birth\u003c/a>. However, we still do not know whether these connections are sufficiently mature for infants to experience pain in quite the same way as adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"BJ3pqNXoimP8bsBlSfB7ESqz7mKXi3rn\"]At the same time, clinical investigators started exploring ways of measuring pain in human infants. Following a painful procedure, such as the heel stick used for blood tests (much like a finger prick used for adult blood tests), \u003ca href=\"http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/9409099\">infants show several significant responses\u003c/a>. These range from physiological (changes in heart rate or breathing) and hormonal (release of the “stress hormone” cortisol) to behavioural (crying or grimacing).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extensive research in this area suggested that infant pain should be evaluated with a combination of these measures, leading to the development of neonatal clinical pain scoring systems, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8722730\">Premature Infant Pain Profile\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pain in the brain\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAnother big advance in the field came from the Fitzgerald lab here at University College London, which moved away from solely using observations of behavior and physiological responses to measure pain. Instead, it turned to the brain. We know that the perception of pain is generated by the central nervous system, so these researchers aimed to directly measure the activity of neurons (brain cells) that are responsible for the sensation of pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, they used non-invasive measures like \u003ca href=\"http://www.uhs.nhs.uk/OurServices/Brainspineandneuromuscular/Clinicalneurophysiology/Electromyography.aspx\">electromyography\u003c/a>(EMG) and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/electroencephalogram/\">electroencephalography\u003c/a> (EEG), which measure the electrical activity generated by muscles and brain cells, following a painful event. This method has the advantage of being both objective and quantitative, as it does not depend on observational scoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies confirmed that infants do process pain in the brain, but that they differ in their experiences with age. First, the lab recorded spinal reflexes – such as the withdrawal reflex, which is intended to protect the body from damaging stimuli – and found that premature infants are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8159446\">more sensitive to sensory stimulation\u003c/a> than older infants. They subjected babies to repeated non-painful touches, and found that younger infants moved their limbs following lighter touches than older infants. In fact, the older infants got used to the repeated touches and eventually stopped moving their limbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"t4QP70bYEJJe0X6Osa1q4RPSKJ8fEsXS\"]They also found that premature infants responded to both painful and non-painful touch with whole body movements. In older babies (at term age, around 40 weeks) this matured into more a purposeful withdrawal of the stimulated limb, \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0076470\">becoming more specific to pain\u003c/a> rather than any touch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An important next step was to record activity in the brain, which is where pain perception occurs. They did this with EEG, which uses electrodes placed on the scalp to track and record brain waves. They found that premature infants exhibited large bursts of brain activity which, as with early reflexes, are not specific to pain (a simple tap could produce a similar effect as a heel prick). Towards normal term age (a few weeks prior), infants were \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21906948\">more likely to show a clear pain-specific brainwave\u003c/a>similar to that seen in adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, while this was a direct read out of what was happening in the nervous system after a painful event, you shouldn’t assume it was a direct reflection of what the baby was feeling. This is because the feeling of pain requires an \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/pain-is-more-than-a-physical-process-now-a-study-in-mice-suggests-it-may-even-be-socially-transferable-67479\">emotional component as well as a sensory part\u003c/a>, and although we can measure the sensory aspect, we can not measure or make assumptions about the emotional processing in a newborn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stress and pain\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn our latest research, my colleagues and I at the Fitzgerald lab focused on stress and pain. Many infants experience physiological stress as a result of necessary clinical procedures. For example, hospitalized babies often require several painful procedures a day as part of their care, and those who do not will likely experience events such as being weighed or loud noises (alarms) as stressful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time, we measured both pain and stress at the same time as a single, clinically required blood test. In 56 hospitalised newborns, the pain-related brain activity and behavioural response was measured following the blood test, while the babies’ background level of stress was measured using the concentration of a stress hormone (cortisol) in the saliva and heart rate patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"0wjAsSlSUcsEOQMQ6W9PhNBBMGzmlLPs\"]The results show that for babies who are not stressed, a painful procedure \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31400-8\">will often result\u003c/a> in a coordinated increase in brain activity and behaviour, in the form of facial expressions. Babies who are more stressed have an even larger response in the brain following a painful procedure, but, importantly, this is no longer matched by changes in behaviour. In other words, a stressed baby may have strong pain-related activity in their brain, but you could not tell that from simply observing their behaviour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since increased levels of stress can increase the amount of pain-related brain activity, it is clear that we should monitor and control the stress levels of hospitalized babies. Stressed babies may not seem to respond to pain although their brain is still processing it. The phenomenon has been seen in premature babies who sometimes “tune out” and become unresponsive when they are overwhelmed. But that doesn’t mean they are not experiencing something. Importantly, this means that doctors and nurses may underestimate their pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given its huge importance, it may seem surprising that we know so little about what newborns actually feel. Thankfully, research is unravelling the mystery with impressive speed.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For a long time, we had no way of measuring babies’ pain.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1513635954,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":1152},"headData":{"title":"How Babies Experience Pain Is a Mystery, and That's a Problem | KQED","description":"For a long time, we had no way of measuring babies’ pain.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Babies Experience Pain Is a Mystery, and That's a Problem","datePublished":"2017-12-20T08:01:07.000Z","dateModified":"2017-12-18T22:25:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"437823 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=437823","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/12/20/how-babies-experience-pain-is-a-mystery-and-thats-a-problem/","disqusTitle":"How Babies Experience Pain Is a Mystery, and That's a Problem","nprByline":"Laura Jones\u003c/br>The Conversation","path":"/futureofyou/437823/how-babies-experience-pain-is-a-mystery-and-thats-a-problem","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Before the 1980s, clinicians actually performed surgery on newborns \u003ca href=\"https://gizmodo.com/why-are-so-many-newborns-still-being-denied-pain-relief-1755495866\">without giving them anaesthetics or pain medications\u003c/a>. This wasn’t because they thought babies were completely incapable of feeling pain. But they didn’t know how much pain the newborns could experience and feared that the medications may be too dangerous to warrant use.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">We may be underestimating how much pain babies feel when they are under stress.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Luckily we are better informed today. As babies can’t tell us how much pain they are in, scientists have invented several ingenious methods to try and work out what they are feeling. But there’s still a remarkable amount we don’t understand. And our new study, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31400-8\">published in \u003cem>Current Biology\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, shows that we may be underestimating how much pain babies feel when they are under stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason progress has been relatively slow is that there was for a long time no agreed method for reliably measuring babies’ pain perception. It’s only in the last few decades scientists have made increasing efforts to do this – and the results may be applicable to other people who are unable to communicate too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first clues came from animal models in the early 1980s. These showed that the structural and functional connections within the nervous system required to perceive a painful event \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15995722\">are present from birth\u003c/a>. However, we still do not know whether these connections are sufficiently mature for infants to experience pain in quite the same way as adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>At the same time, clinical investigators started exploring ways of measuring pain in human infants. Following a painful procedure, such as the heel stick used for blood tests (much like a finger prick used for adult blood tests), \u003ca href=\"http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/9409099\">infants show several significant responses\u003c/a>. These range from physiological (changes in heart rate or breathing) and hormonal (release of the “stress hormone” cortisol) to behavioural (crying or grimacing).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extensive research in this area suggested that infant pain should be evaluated with a combination of these measures, leading to the development of neonatal clinical pain scoring systems, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8722730\">Premature Infant Pain Profile\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pain in the brain\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAnother big advance in the field came from the Fitzgerald lab here at University College London, which moved away from solely using observations of behavior and physiological responses to measure pain. Instead, it turned to the brain. We know that the perception of pain is generated by the central nervous system, so these researchers aimed to directly measure the activity of neurons (brain cells) that are responsible for the sensation of pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, they used non-invasive measures like \u003ca href=\"http://www.uhs.nhs.uk/OurServices/Brainspineandneuromuscular/Clinicalneurophysiology/Electromyography.aspx\">electromyography\u003c/a>(EMG) and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/electroencephalogram/\">electroencephalography\u003c/a> (EEG), which measure the electrical activity generated by muscles and brain cells, following a painful event. This method has the advantage of being both objective and quantitative, as it does not depend on observational scoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies confirmed that infants do process pain in the brain, but that they differ in their experiences with age. First, the lab recorded spinal reflexes – such as the withdrawal reflex, which is intended to protect the body from damaging stimuli – and found that premature infants are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8159446\">more sensitive to sensory stimulation\u003c/a> than older infants. They subjected babies to repeated non-painful touches, and found that younger infants moved their limbs following lighter touches than older infants. In fact, the older infants got used to the repeated touches and eventually stopped moving their limbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>They also found that premature infants responded to both painful and non-painful touch with whole body movements. In older babies (at term age, around 40 weeks) this matured into more a purposeful withdrawal of the stimulated limb, \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0076470\">becoming more specific to pain\u003c/a> rather than any touch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An important next step was to record activity in the brain, which is where pain perception occurs. They did this with EEG, which uses electrodes placed on the scalp to track and record brain waves. They found that premature infants exhibited large bursts of brain activity which, as with early reflexes, are not specific to pain (a simple tap could produce a similar effect as a heel prick). Towards normal term age (a few weeks prior), infants were \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21906948\">more likely to show a clear pain-specific brainwave\u003c/a>similar to that seen in adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, while this was a direct read out of what was happening in the nervous system after a painful event, you shouldn’t assume it was a direct reflection of what the baby was feeling. This is because the feeling of pain requires an \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/pain-is-more-than-a-physical-process-now-a-study-in-mice-suggests-it-may-even-be-socially-transferable-67479\">emotional component as well as a sensory part\u003c/a>, and although we can measure the sensory aspect, we can not measure or make assumptions about the emotional processing in a newborn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stress and pain\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn our latest research, my colleagues and I at the Fitzgerald lab focused on stress and pain. Many infants experience physiological stress as a result of necessary clinical procedures. For example, hospitalized babies often require several painful procedures a day as part of their care, and those who do not will likely experience events such as being weighed or loud noises (alarms) as stressful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time, we measured both pain and stress at the same time as a single, clinically required blood test. In 56 hospitalised newborns, the pain-related brain activity and behavioural response was measured following the blood test, while the babies’ background level of stress was measured using the concentration of a stress hormone (cortisol) in the saliva and heart rate patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The results show that for babies who are not stressed, a painful procedure \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31400-8\">will often result\u003c/a> in a coordinated increase in brain activity and behaviour, in the form of facial expressions. Babies who are more stressed have an even larger response in the brain following a painful procedure, but, importantly, this is no longer matched by changes in behaviour. In other words, a stressed baby may have strong pain-related activity in their brain, but you could not tell that from simply observing their behaviour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since increased levels of stress can increase the amount of pain-related brain activity, it is clear that we should monitor and control the stress levels of hospitalized babies. Stressed babies may not seem to respond to pain although their brain is still processing it. The phenomenon has been seen in premature babies who sometimes “tune out” and become unresponsive when they are overwhelmed. But that doesn’t mean they are not experiencing something. Importantly, this means that doctors and nurses may underestimate their pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given its huge importance, it may seem surprising that we know so little about what newborns actually feel. Thankfully, research is unravelling the mystery with impressive speed.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/437823/how-babies-experience-pain-is-a-mystery-and-thats-a-problem","authors":["byline_futureofyou_437823"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_631","futureofyou_379"],"featImg":"futureofyou_437824","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_435123":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_435123","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"435123","score":null,"sort":[1504249294000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"probiotic-bacteria-could-protect-newborns-from-deadly-infection","title":"Probiotic Bacteria Could Protect Newborns From Deadly Infection","publishDate":1504249294,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>If you're in desperate need for some good news, look no further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists in the U.S. and India have found an inexpensive treatment that could possibly save hundreds of thousands of newborns each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it turns out, the secret weapon was sitting in Asian kitchens all along: probiotic bacteria that are common in kimchi, pickles and other fermented vegetables.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Probiotics can be much more powerful than drugs.’\u003ccite>Pascal Lavoie, a neonatologist at BC Children’s Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Feeding babies the microbes dramatically reduces the risk newborns will develop \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/news_events/news/2009/19_01/en/\">sepsis\u003c/a>, scientists \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature23480\">report\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sepsis is a top killer of newborns worldwide. Each year more than 600,000 babies die of the blood infections, which can strike very quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All the sudden the baby stops being active. It stops crying and breastfeeding,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.unmc.edu/publichealth/departments/epidemiology/facultyandstaff/pinaki-panigrahi.html\">Dr. Pinaki Panigrahi\u003c/a>, a pediatrician at the University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health, who led the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By the time the mother has a chance to bring the baby to the hospital, the baby dies,\" he says. \"In hospitals in India, you see so many babies dying of sepsis, it breaks your heart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past 20 years, Panigrahi has been working on a way to prevent sepsis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"BJb3ykz6R6SlQqa8p7vXtkscRpap5MvO\"]Early on he thought probiotic bacteria might be the answer because they work well on another infection that affects preemies, called \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001148.htm\">necrotizing enterocolitis\u003c/a>. It damages the intestines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tricky part, Panigrahi says, was figuring out the best strain of bacteria to protect against sepsis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We screened more than 280 strains in preliminary animal and human studies,\" Panigrahi says. \"So it was a very methodical process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the one that seemed the most promising was a strain of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4058509/\">Lactobacillus plantarum\u003c/a> isolated from the diaper of a healthy Indian baby. So Panigrahi and his team decided to move forward with a large-scale study on thousands of babies in rural India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were shocked by how well the bacteria worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Babies who ate the microbes for a week — along with some sugars to feed the microbes — had a dramatic reduction in their risk of death and sepsis. They dropped by 40 percent, from 9 percent to 5.4 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not all. The probiotic also warded off several other types of infections, including those in the lungs. Respiratory infections dropped by about 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was a big surprise, because we didn't think gut bacteria were going to work in a distant organ like the lung,\" Panigrahi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treatment worked so well that the safety board for trial stopped the study early. \"We were planning to enroll 8,000 babies, but stopped at just over 4,000 infants,\" Panigrahi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only significant side effect seen in the study was abdominal distension, which occurred in six babies. But there were more cases reported in the placebo group than in the group that got the probiotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panigrahi estimates a course of the probiotic costs about $1 per baby. \"It can be manufactured in a very simple setting,\" Panigrahi says, \"which makes it cheap.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now if you think about what's going on here, it almost seems counterintuitive. Remember sepsis is a bacterial infection. So the researcher are preventing a bacterial infection with bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How is that possible? \"Essentially these bacteria have a whole number of health benefits that we have just started to understand in the past couple of years, says \u003ca href=\"https://bcchr.ca/our-research/researchers/results/Details/pascal-lavoie\">Dr. Pascal Lavoie\u003c/a>, a neonatologist at BC Children's Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, these beneficial bacteria can push out harmful bacteria in the baby's gut by changing the environment or simply using up resources, Lavoie says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The probiotic bacteria also produces a compound that strengthens the wall of the intestine. \"It acts as a barrier to prevent the bad bacteria from going through the wall into the blood,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, the probiotic bacteria can jump-start a baby's immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They can promote maturation of the immune system in a healthier way,\" Lavoie says. \"Probiotics can be much more powerful than drugs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like drugs, they need to be fully tested before they become routine in maternity wards around the world, Lavoie says. That means testing the probiotic in more locations and on babies who have the highest risk for sepsis — those born prematurely or underweight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sepsis is such a important problem around the world,\" Lavoie says. \"This study has huge potential.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Probiotic+Bacteria+Could+Protect+Newborns+From+Deadly+Infection&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Each year more than 600,000 babies die of sepsis. Researchers have found a simple way to prevent it: Feed babies probiotic bacteria that are common in kimchi, pickles and other fermented vegetables.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1504291326,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":765},"headData":{"title":"Probiotic Bacteria Could Protect Newborns From Deadly Infection | KQED","description":"Each year more than 600,000 babies die of sepsis. Researchers have found a simple way to prevent it: Feed babies probiotic bacteria that are common in kimchi, pickles and other fermented vegetables.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Probiotic Bacteria Could Protect Newborns From Deadly Infection","datePublished":"2017-09-01T07:01:34.000Z","dateModified":"2017-09-01T18:42:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"435123 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=435123","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/09/01/probiotic-bacteria-could-protect-newborns-from-deadly-infection/","disqusTitle":"Probiotic Bacteria Could Protect Newborns From Deadly Infection","nprByline":"Michaeleen Doucleff\u003c/br>NPR Goats and Soda","nprImageAgency":"Matt Twombly for NPR","nprStoryId":"543920822","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=543920822&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/08/16/543920822/probiotic-bacteria-could-protect-newborns-from-deadly-infection?ft=nprml&f=543920822","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 16 Aug 2017 18:51:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 16 Aug 2017 18:09:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sun, 27 Aug 2017 22:14:05 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/08/20170816_atc_saving_newborns_with_bacteria.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1031&d=226&p=2&story=543920822&t=progseg&e=543840412&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=543920822","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1543973361-2add06.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1031&d=226&p=2&story=543920822&t=progseg&e=543840412&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=543920822","path":"/futureofyou/435123/probiotic-bacteria-could-protect-newborns-from-deadly-infection","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/08/20170816_atc_saving_newborns_with_bacteria.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1031&d=226&p=2&story=543920822&t=progseg&e=543840412&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=543920822","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you're in desperate need for some good news, look no further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists in the U.S. and India have found an inexpensive treatment that could possibly save hundreds of thousands of newborns each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it turns out, the secret weapon was sitting in Asian kitchens all along: probiotic bacteria that are common in kimchi, pickles and other fermented vegetables.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Probiotics can be much more powerful than drugs.’\u003ccite>Pascal Lavoie, a neonatologist at BC Children’s Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Feeding babies the microbes dramatically reduces the risk newborns will develop \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/news_events/news/2009/19_01/en/\">sepsis\u003c/a>, scientists \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature23480\">report\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sepsis is a top killer of newborns worldwide. Each year more than 600,000 babies die of the blood infections, which can strike very quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All the sudden the baby stops being active. It stops crying and breastfeeding,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.unmc.edu/publichealth/departments/epidemiology/facultyandstaff/pinaki-panigrahi.html\">Dr. Pinaki Panigrahi\u003c/a>, a pediatrician at the University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health, who led the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By the time the mother has a chance to bring the baby to the hospital, the baby dies,\" he says. \"In hospitals in India, you see so many babies dying of sepsis, it breaks your heart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past 20 years, Panigrahi has been working on a way to prevent sepsis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Early on he thought probiotic bacteria might be the answer because they work well on another infection that affects preemies, called \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001148.htm\">necrotizing enterocolitis\u003c/a>. It damages the intestines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tricky part, Panigrahi says, was figuring out the best strain of bacteria to protect against sepsis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We screened more than 280 strains in preliminary animal and human studies,\" Panigrahi says. \"So it was a very methodical process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the one that seemed the most promising was a strain of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4058509/\">Lactobacillus plantarum\u003c/a> isolated from the diaper of a healthy Indian baby. So Panigrahi and his team decided to move forward with a large-scale study on thousands of babies in rural India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were shocked by how well the bacteria worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Babies who ate the microbes for a week — along with some sugars to feed the microbes — had a dramatic reduction in their risk of death and sepsis. They dropped by 40 percent, from 9 percent to 5.4 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not all. The probiotic also warded off several other types of infections, including those in the lungs. Respiratory infections dropped by about 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was a big surprise, because we didn't think gut bacteria were going to work in a distant organ like the lung,\" Panigrahi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treatment worked so well that the safety board for trial stopped the study early. \"We were planning to enroll 8,000 babies, but stopped at just over 4,000 infants,\" Panigrahi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only significant side effect seen in the study was abdominal distension, which occurred in six babies. But there were more cases reported in the placebo group than in the group that got the probiotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panigrahi estimates a course of the probiotic costs about $1 per baby. \"It can be manufactured in a very simple setting,\" Panigrahi says, \"which makes it cheap.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now if you think about what's going on here, it almost seems counterintuitive. Remember sepsis is a bacterial infection. So the researcher are preventing a bacterial infection with bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How is that possible? \"Essentially these bacteria have a whole number of health benefits that we have just started to understand in the past couple of years, says \u003ca href=\"https://bcchr.ca/our-research/researchers/results/Details/pascal-lavoie\">Dr. Pascal Lavoie\u003c/a>, a neonatologist at BC Children's Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, these beneficial bacteria can push out harmful bacteria in the baby's gut by changing the environment or simply using up resources, Lavoie says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The probiotic bacteria also produces a compound that strengthens the wall of the intestine. \"It acts as a barrier to prevent the bad bacteria from going through the wall into the blood,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, the probiotic bacteria can jump-start a baby's immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They can promote maturation of the immune system in a healthier way,\" Lavoie says. \"Probiotics can be much more powerful than drugs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like drugs, they need to be fully tested before they become routine in maternity wards around the world, Lavoie says. That means testing the probiotic in more locations and on babies who have the highest risk for sepsis — those born prematurely or underweight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sepsis is such a important problem around the world,\" Lavoie says. \"This study has huge potential.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Probiotic+Bacteria+Could+Protect+Newborns+From+Deadly+Infection&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/435123/probiotic-bacteria-could-protect-newborns-from-deadly-infection","authors":["byline_futureofyou_435123"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_631","futureofyou_68","futureofyou_653"],"featImg":"futureofyou_435124","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_58690":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_58690","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"58690","score":null,"sort":[1446138058000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fitbits-for-newborns-really","title":"'Fitbits' for Newborns. Really.","publishDate":1446138058,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Contributor | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":172,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Ann Crady Weiss had always considered herself a relaxed person. But as soon she had her first child, everything changed. She found she was not a relaxed mother; she was an anxious wreck. She was determined to breast feed, but was constantly worried her daughter wasn’t eating enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one tells you before you have a baby, but you actually can’t tell how much is coming out,” Weiss recalls of breastfeeding, “You have no idea whether they’re getting enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her pediatrician counseled her to supplement with formula if she was worried, and Weiss bought a scale to weigh her baby at home. But she didn’t want to feed her daughter formula, the scale was bulky and clinical, and she wasn’t able to put her mind at ease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59179\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 422px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59179\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The Smart Pad changing table allows parents to track weight, diaper contents, and other metrics.\" width=\"422\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Smart Changing Pad allows parents to track weight, diaper contents, and other metrics. \u003ccite>(Hatch Baby)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite her worries, Weiss’s daughter had a healthy infancy. When her son was born ten years later in 2012, Weiss didn’t want to go through the same anxiety. She noticed health trackers and other “smart” hardware products, like Fitbit and smart watches, had taken off, so she went shopping for a device to track her baby’s health and ease her growth anxieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It felt like a product that must exist,” she says. But it didn’t—and that’s when Hatch Baby was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weiss and her husband, David Weiss, co-founded Hatch Baby to create smart devices for parents. They just launched their first product: the “Smart Changing Pad” a Wi-Fi enabled changing pad with a built-in scale and an accompanying smartphone app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents can track their baby’s every dirty diaper, feeding, and weigh-in, see how their baby’s growth compares to World Health Organization averages, and share the infant’s profile with up to three caregivers. Weiss says she hopes this information will provide new parents assurance that their baby is healthy. But is this much data healthy for the parents?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Millennial Parents, Quantified Babies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margery Lackman, a pediatrician who’s been practicing in the Bay Area for over twenty-five years, says she was skeptical when she first heard about the Smart Changing Pad. “I thought, ah, another thing for parents to worry about,” she says. “But on the other hand, it is an objective way to tell what’s going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Human beings were designed to learn about each other by reading behavioral cues, not by counting calories or grams.'\u003ccite>Dr. Mary Beth Steinfeld, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lackman says the Pad and the accompanying health-tracking app could be useful for her office to track babies they’re worried about. But for the everyday baby who’s not having any problems, she thinks the gadget will be mostly a “fun toy” for parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Lackman’s own daughter was born, her experience was the opposite of Weiss’s. Lackman wasn’t worried about her daughter’s feeding, but at her daughter’s one-month check-up her pediatrician found the baby wasn’t gaining weight properly; Lackman’s milk supply was insufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lackman doesn’t think having a Smart Changing Pad or home scale would have made a big difference for her baby’s health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I probably would have been in to the doctor earlier,” she says, but the difference wouldn’t have been more than a week because newborns already have check-ups bi-weekly. “I’m not sure the outcome would have been much different,” Lackman says. She started supplementing breastfeeding with formula, and her daughter gained weight normally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59183\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59183\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-612x600.jpg\" alt=\"With the Hatch Baby app, moms can get updates on how topics such as much their child ate.\" width=\"346\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-612x600.jpg 612w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-400x392.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-1180x1156.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-1920x1881.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-960x940.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-64x64.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With the Hatch Baby app, moms can get updates on how topics such as much their child ate. \u003ccite>(Hatch Baby)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Smart Pad’s usefulness as a parenting tool probably depends on your parenting style, Lackman says. “I think some people want to know about every pee and every poop, and others really don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mary Beth Steinfeld, a clinical professor of developmental and behavioral pediatrics at UC Davis, and assistant director of an infant mental health-training program for medical professionals, isn’t sure the constant streams of data would be so harmless for all parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If your baby’s doing well then it would be reassuring,” she says, “but if your baby’s not doing well, it could become a preoccupation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steinfeld runs a feeding clinic to help new parents whose babies aren’t eating and gaining enough weight, and has seen this preoccupation first hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"H6rWX0ugg6QX0tEi0uQcPWapJQupTI3D\"]“There are children who are not gaining weight well, and those parents are very impacted by that information,” even without data-tracking devices, she says. Many of them weigh their children before and after feeding—not at Steinfeld’s recommendation but to calm their own nerves—and she sees how the baby’s weight is front and center in these parent’s minds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can lead to real preoccupation of the mother, and if the mother’s preoccupied she’s not in the moment with you,” Steinfeld says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A device like the Smart Pad that amplifies a parent’s preoccupation with their baby’s weight, if the baby’s not thriving, “has the potential to interfere with normal development of the relationship [between parent and child],” Steinfeld says. “I don’t know if it will be good or bad, it’s just an unknown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Steinfeld’s clinic, instead of focusing on weight-tracking, she focuses on teaching parents to read baby hunger and satiety cues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important what’s going on between infants and parents,” she says. “Those first months help them learn about each other, and human beings were designed to learn about each other by reading behavioral cues, not by counting calories or grams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59188\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 293px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/ann_weisss.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59188\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/ann_weisss-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Ann Weiss says the Smart Changing Pad addresses anxiety parents have about their infant's growth.\" width=\"293\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/ann_weisss-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/ann_weisss-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/ann_weisss-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/ann_weisss.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 293px) 100vw, 293px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ann Weiss says the Smart Changing Pad addresses anxiety parents have about their infant's growth. \u003ccite>(Hatch Baby)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Weiss says she realizes that data from the Smart Changing Pad can’t replace this intuitive relationship. “There’s no question that’s important,” she says. “We don’t think it’s an ‘either/or’ thing, we think it’s an ‘and’ thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Steinfeld says she prefers to wait until she can review data on the device’s impact on parent-infant relationships and parent mental health before recommending it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Best Baby Present: A Scale or a Book?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever effect products like the Smart Changing Pad will have on modern parenting, the demand for them—and the potential for profit—is there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents of this generation are interested in data,” Weiss says. And investors agree: Hatch Baby raised more than $7 million in its first round of funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Smart Changing Pad is cheaper than many home baby scales, so both Lackman and Steinfeld expect they could see Hatch Baby customers in their offices soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might actually make my life easier as a pediatrician, and it might save the parents a visit if everything’s going well,” says Lackman, whose patients are mostly healthily growing babies. “We’ll see if it drives them and me crazy or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steinfeld is sure it will appeal to many parents of feeding-challenged infants she works with. But she “wouldn’t give it to anybody for a baby gift right now,” she says. “I’d rather give them a book on baby cues and help them think of the baby as a person.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A digitized changing table collects data such as weight gain. But could all this data interfere with the most important thing: bonding with your baby?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477273544,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1352},"headData":{"title":"'Fitbits' for Newborns. Really. | KQED","description":"A digitized changing table collects data such as weight gain. But could all this data interfere with the most important thing: bonding with your baby?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"'Fitbits' for Newborns. Really.","datePublished":"2015-10-29T17:00:58.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T01:45:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"58690 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=58690","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/10/29/fitbits-for-newborns-really/","disqusTitle":"'Fitbits' for Newborns. Really.","nprByline":"Mallory Pickett","path":"/futureofyou/58690/fitbits-for-newborns-really","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ann Crady Weiss had always considered herself a relaxed person. But as soon she had her first child, everything changed. She found she was not a relaxed mother; she was an anxious wreck. She was determined to breast feed, but was constantly worried her daughter wasn’t eating enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one tells you before you have a baby, but you actually can’t tell how much is coming out,” Weiss recalls of breastfeeding, “You have no idea whether they’re getting enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her pediatrician counseled her to supplement with formula if she was worried, and Weiss bought a scale to weigh her baby at home. But she didn’t want to feed her daughter formula, the scale was bulky and clinical, and she wasn’t able to put her mind at ease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59179\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 422px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59179\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The Smart Pad changing table allows parents to track weight, diaper contents, and other metrics.\" width=\"422\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A1086_2-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Smart Changing Pad allows parents to track weight, diaper contents, and other metrics. \u003ccite>(Hatch Baby)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite her worries, Weiss’s daughter had a healthy infancy. When her son was born ten years later in 2012, Weiss didn’t want to go through the same anxiety. She noticed health trackers and other “smart” hardware products, like Fitbit and smart watches, had taken off, so she went shopping for a device to track her baby’s health and ease her growth anxieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It felt like a product that must exist,” she says. But it didn’t—and that’s when Hatch Baby was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weiss and her husband, David Weiss, co-founded Hatch Baby to create smart devices for parents. They just launched their first product: the “Smart Changing Pad” a Wi-Fi enabled changing pad with a built-in scale and an accompanying smartphone app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents can track their baby’s every dirty diaper, feeding, and weigh-in, see how their baby’s growth compares to World Health Organization averages, and share the infant’s profile with up to three caregivers. Weiss says she hopes this information will provide new parents assurance that their baby is healthy. But is this much data healthy for the parents?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Millennial Parents, Quantified Babies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margery Lackman, a pediatrician who’s been practicing in the Bay Area for over twenty-five years, says she was skeptical when she first heard about the Smart Changing Pad. “I thought, ah, another thing for parents to worry about,” she says. “But on the other hand, it is an objective way to tell what’s going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Human beings were designed to learn about each other by reading behavioral cues, not by counting calories or grams.'\u003ccite>Dr. Mary Beth Steinfeld, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lackman says the Pad and the accompanying health-tracking app could be useful for her office to track babies they’re worried about. But for the everyday baby who’s not having any problems, she thinks the gadget will be mostly a “fun toy” for parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Lackman’s own daughter was born, her experience was the opposite of Weiss’s. Lackman wasn’t worried about her daughter’s feeding, but at her daughter’s one-month check-up her pediatrician found the baby wasn’t gaining weight properly; Lackman’s milk supply was insufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lackman doesn’t think having a Smart Changing Pad or home scale would have made a big difference for her baby’s health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I probably would have been in to the doctor earlier,” she says, but the difference wouldn’t have been more than a week because newborns already have check-ups bi-weekly. “I’m not sure the outcome would have been much different,” Lackman says. She started supplementing breastfeeding with formula, and her daughter gained weight normally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59183\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59183\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-612x600.jpg\" alt=\"With the Hatch Baby app, moms can get updates on how topics such as much their child ate.\" width=\"346\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-612x600.jpg 612w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-400x392.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-1180x1156.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-1920x1881.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-960x940.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/4M0A3979_2-e1446071283377-64x64.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With the Hatch Baby app, moms can get updates on how topics such as much their child ate. \u003ccite>(Hatch Baby)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Smart Pad’s usefulness as a parenting tool probably depends on your parenting style, Lackman says. “I think some people want to know about every pee and every poop, and others really don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mary Beth Steinfeld, a clinical professor of developmental and behavioral pediatrics at UC Davis, and assistant director of an infant mental health-training program for medical professionals, isn’t sure the constant streams of data would be so harmless for all parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If your baby’s doing well then it would be reassuring,” she says, “but if your baby’s not doing well, it could become a preoccupation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steinfeld runs a feeding clinic to help new parents whose babies aren’t eating and gaining enough weight, and has seen this preoccupation first hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“There are children who are not gaining weight well, and those parents are very impacted by that information,” even without data-tracking devices, she says. Many of them weigh their children before and after feeding—not at Steinfeld’s recommendation but to calm their own nerves—and she sees how the baby’s weight is front and center in these parent’s minds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can lead to real preoccupation of the mother, and if the mother’s preoccupied she’s not in the moment with you,” Steinfeld says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A device like the Smart Pad that amplifies a parent’s preoccupation with their baby’s weight, if the baby’s not thriving, “has the potential to interfere with normal development of the relationship [between parent and child],” Steinfeld says. “I don’t know if it will be good or bad, it’s just an unknown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Steinfeld’s clinic, instead of focusing on weight-tracking, she focuses on teaching parents to read baby hunger and satiety cues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important what’s going on between infants and parents,” she says. “Those first months help them learn about each other, and human beings were designed to learn about each other by reading behavioral cues, not by counting calories or grams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59188\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 293px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/ann_weisss.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59188\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/ann_weisss-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Ann Weiss says the Smart Changing Pad addresses anxiety parents have about their infant's growth.\" width=\"293\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/ann_weisss-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/ann_weisss-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/ann_weisss-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/ann_weisss.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 293px) 100vw, 293px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ann Weiss says the Smart Changing Pad addresses anxiety parents have about their infant's growth. \u003ccite>(Hatch Baby)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Weiss says she realizes that data from the Smart Changing Pad can’t replace this intuitive relationship. “There’s no question that’s important,” she says. “We don’t think it’s an ‘either/or’ thing, we think it’s an ‘and’ thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Steinfeld says she prefers to wait until she can review data on the device’s impact on parent-infant relationships and parent mental health before recommending it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Best Baby Present: A Scale or a Book?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever effect products like the Smart Changing Pad will have on modern parenting, the demand for them—and the potential for profit—is there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents of this generation are interested in data,” Weiss says. And investors agree: Hatch Baby raised more than $7 million in its first round of funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Smart Changing Pad is cheaper than many home baby scales, so both Lackman and Steinfeld expect they could see Hatch Baby customers in their offices soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might actually make my life easier as a pediatrician, and it might save the parents a visit if everything’s going well,” says Lackman, whose patients are mostly healthily growing babies. “We’ll see if it drives them and me crazy or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steinfeld is sure it will appeal to many parents of feeding-challenged infants she works with. But she “wouldn’t give it to anybody for a baby gift right now,” she says. “I’d rather give them a book on baby cues and help them think of the baby as a person.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/58690/fitbits-for-newborns-really","authors":["byline_futureofyou_58690"],"series":["futureofyou_172"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060"],"tags":["futureofyou_631","futureofyou_49","futureofyou_630","futureofyou_632"],"featImg":"futureofyou_58692","label":"futureofyou_172"},"futureofyou_1808":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_1808","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"1808","score":null,"sort":[1430414164000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"will-these-new-apps-boost-your-babys-brain-health","title":"Will These New Apps Boost Your Baby’s Brain Health?","publishDate":1430414164,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Contributor | Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":54,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Author \u003cspan class=\"il\">Anica\u003c/span> John is an entrepreneur and advises Silicon Valley tech companies on business strategy and marketing. She recently worked at Smilables, an infant wearables startup.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm seven months along with my first child and feeling inundated with information and advice on baby products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s no wonder, because registering for a baby shower can be daunting. I found myself stunned by the sheer volume of strollers and car seats (which, when put together are billed as “travel systems”), cribs and hundreds of other baby products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alongside these staples, I'm evaluating a new wave of devices that can now gather important health and wellness data about your baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what I have learned so far:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the most popular startups in the space are producing new, high-tech baby monitors. These gadgets are a significant improvement on traditional baby monitors with scratchy audio outputs or grainy video. One company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sproutling.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Sproutling\u003c/a>, produces a wearable baby monitor that delivers vital sign information on a sleeping baby. A similar device from \u003ca href=\"https://www.owletcare.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Owlet\u003c/a> comes in sock form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these startups don’t track the most important measure for a child’s long-term success: Brain development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can an App Support Your Baby's Brain Development?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://spock.fcs.uga.edu/ext/pubs/chfd/FACS01-7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Studies have shown \u003c/a>that stimulating a newborn baby’s brain helps to create neural connections that will be vital to future brain development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, new parents have been coached to meet this need through general advice centered around attentiveness. For example, you'll often see infant care websites that instruct parents to “sing songs,” or “express joy and interest in your baby.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these are helpful reminders, concerted efforts on brain development tend to fall by the wayside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, during my research, I discovered a new category of technology products that addresses this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://babysparks.com/\" target=\"_blank\">BabySparks\u003c/a> is a smartphone app that provides hundreds of activities for parents to perform with their babies, all of which look a lot like playing. Caregivers can decide to do activities based on the specific needs of their babies or follow a daily program recommended by the app based on the child's age and development characteristics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app also has a milestone feature that provides parents an objective understanding of how their baby should be progressing in each of the developmental areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“The key is to choose products that increase the chances of caregivers interacting with infants.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Another startup, \u003ca href=\"http://www.versame.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Versame\u003c/a>, is developing a device that encourages caregivers to expose their infants to more words. Research indicates that the window for language development closes early. For example, infants over six months have difficulty recognizing sounds they have not heard repeated often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even more poignant is Stanford professor Anne Fernald’s assertion during a TED talk that, for babies, conversation is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpHwJyjm7rM\" target=\"_blank\">nourishment for the brain\u003c/a>.” [Skip to the bottom to watch the video in full.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Versame’s hardware product can be worn directly by the baby, attached to the crib or placed in the nursery, and counts the number of words a child hears. Caregivers can check the data on their smartphone at any point during the day and adjust the attention they give to each child accordingly. The goal is to inspire powerful positive behavior changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Realistic Goals for New Technologies \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But my research showed that infant brain development products have a controversial history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such products have received criticism in the past. In 2007, the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_Einstein\" target=\"_blank\">University of Washington claimed\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"http://www.kidsii.com/babyeinstein/\" target=\"_blank\">Baby Einstein\u003c/a> products adversely affected baby brain development by encouraging infants and toddlers to sit in front of televisions and watch educational DVDs or videos. While a subsequent lawsuit forced the researchers to retract their statements, the incident led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/Pages/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">American Academy of Pediatrics\u003c/a> to issue a recommendation against any screen time for children under two years of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what's the best choice for a new parent?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1815\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 445px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/monkey-nanny-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"It's important to choose products that increase caregivers' interactions with an infant \" width=\"445\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/monkey-nanny-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/monkey-nanny-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/monkey-nanny-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/monkey-nanny-320x240.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/monkey-nanny.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 445px) 100vw, 445px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New products are a step ahead of nanny cams \u003ccite>(Jim Champion)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key is to choose products that increase the chances of caregivers interacting with infants. New parents, nannies, and other caregivers are often overwhelmed with caring for the basic needs of newborns and infants. In my opinion, using technology that provides constructive ways to interact with children this age can improve the number and quality of these interactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a future working mother, the most compelling feature of these interactive baby educational products is that I can give my nanny specific assignments that can have a positive impact on my child’s development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, many working parents relied on nanny cams and an intuitive sense of how a hired caregiver would respond to our child’s needs. Now these new products provide metrics for measurement that allow us to set goals for improvement (“I’d like my child to hear 1000 more words each day,” or “I’d like her to do three more motor skills exercises this week.”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of tracking, if executed well, gives new tools to parents and caregivers, and may ultimately democratize early infant education through its effectiveness and simplicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpHwJyjm7rM]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new generation of infant educational products brings the latest scientific research in child development out of the lab, and into the hands of the modern parent. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1514511073,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":911},"headData":{"title":"Will These New Apps Boost Your Baby’s Brain Health? | KQED","description":"A new generation of infant educational products brings the latest scientific research in child development out of the lab, and into the hands of the modern parent. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Will These New Apps Boost Your Baby’s Brain Health?","datePublished":"2015-04-30T17:16:04.000Z","dateModified":"2017-12-29T01:31:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"1808 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=1808","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/04/30/will-these-new-apps-boost-your-babys-brain-health/","disqusTitle":"Will These New Apps Boost Your Baby’s Brain Health?","path":"/futureofyou/1808/will-these-new-apps-boost-your-babys-brain-health","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Author \u003cspan class=\"il\">Anica\u003c/span> John is an entrepreneur and advises Silicon Valley tech companies on business strategy and marketing. She recently worked at Smilables, an infant wearables startup.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm seven months along with my first child and feeling inundated with information and advice on baby products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s no wonder, because registering for a baby shower can be daunting. I found myself stunned by the sheer volume of strollers and car seats (which, when put together are billed as “travel systems”), cribs and hundreds of other baby products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alongside these staples, I'm evaluating a new wave of devices that can now gather important health and wellness data about your baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what I have learned so far:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the most popular startups in the space are producing new, high-tech baby monitors. These gadgets are a significant improvement on traditional baby monitors with scratchy audio outputs or grainy video. One company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sproutling.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Sproutling\u003c/a>, produces a wearable baby monitor that delivers vital sign information on a sleeping baby. A similar device from \u003ca href=\"https://www.owletcare.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Owlet\u003c/a> comes in sock form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these startups don’t track the most important measure for a child’s long-term success: Brain development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can an App Support Your Baby's Brain Development?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://spock.fcs.uga.edu/ext/pubs/chfd/FACS01-7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Studies have shown \u003c/a>that stimulating a newborn baby’s brain helps to create neural connections that will be vital to future brain development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, new parents have been coached to meet this need through general advice centered around attentiveness. For example, you'll often see infant care websites that instruct parents to “sing songs,” or “express joy and interest in your baby.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these are helpful reminders, concerted efforts on brain development tend to fall by the wayside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, during my research, I discovered a new category of technology products that addresses this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://babysparks.com/\" target=\"_blank\">BabySparks\u003c/a> is a smartphone app that provides hundreds of activities for parents to perform with their babies, all of which look a lot like playing. Caregivers can decide to do activities based on the specific needs of their babies or follow a daily program recommended by the app based on the child's age and development characteristics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app also has a milestone feature that provides parents an objective understanding of how their baby should be progressing in each of the developmental areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“The key is to choose products that increase the chances of caregivers interacting with infants.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Another startup, \u003ca href=\"http://www.versame.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Versame\u003c/a>, is developing a device that encourages caregivers to expose their infants to more words. Research indicates that the window for language development closes early. For example, infants over six months have difficulty recognizing sounds they have not heard repeated often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even more poignant is Stanford professor Anne Fernald’s assertion during a TED talk that, for babies, conversation is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpHwJyjm7rM\" target=\"_blank\">nourishment for the brain\u003c/a>.” [Skip to the bottom to watch the video in full.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Versame’s hardware product can be worn directly by the baby, attached to the crib or placed in the nursery, and counts the number of words a child hears. Caregivers can check the data on their smartphone at any point during the day and adjust the attention they give to each child accordingly. The goal is to inspire powerful positive behavior changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Realistic Goals for New Technologies \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But my research showed that infant brain development products have a controversial history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such products have received criticism in the past. In 2007, the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_Einstein\" target=\"_blank\">University of Washington claimed\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"http://www.kidsii.com/babyeinstein/\" target=\"_blank\">Baby Einstein\u003c/a> products adversely affected baby brain development by encouraging infants and toddlers to sit in front of televisions and watch educational DVDs or videos. While a subsequent lawsuit forced the researchers to retract their statements, the incident led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/Pages/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">American Academy of Pediatrics\u003c/a> to issue a recommendation against any screen time for children under two years of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what's the best choice for a new parent?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1815\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 445px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/monkey-nanny-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"It's important to choose products that increase caregivers' interactions with an infant \" width=\"445\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/monkey-nanny-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/monkey-nanny-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/monkey-nanny-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/monkey-nanny-320x240.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/monkey-nanny.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 445px) 100vw, 445px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New products are a step ahead of nanny cams \u003ccite>(Jim Champion)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key is to choose products that increase the chances of caregivers interacting with infants. New parents, nannies, and other caregivers are often overwhelmed with caring for the basic needs of newborns and infants. In my opinion, using technology that provides constructive ways to interact with children this age can improve the number and quality of these interactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a future working mother, the most compelling feature of these interactive baby educational products is that I can give my nanny specific assignments that can have a positive impact on my child’s development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, many working parents relied on nanny cams and an intuitive sense of how a hired caregiver would respond to our child’s needs. Now these new products provide metrics for measurement that allow us to set goals for improvement (“I’d like my child to hear 1000 more words each day,” or “I’d like her to do three more motor skills exercises this week.”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of tracking, if executed well, gives new tools to parents and caregivers, and may ultimately democratize early infant education through its effectiveness and simplicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/IpHwJyjm7rM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/IpHwJyjm7rM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/1808/will-these-new-apps-boost-your-babys-brain-health","authors":["7241"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"series":["futureofyou_172"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_631","futureofyou_175","futureofyou_205","futureofyou_138","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_222","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_223","futureofyou_224"],"featImg":"futureofyou_2555","label":"futureofyou_54"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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