In significant ways our public and private education systems perpetuate inequalities, rather than help dismantle them. This myth that in America we give everyone a fair chance in the economic race, and if you’re not making it, it’s your fault—this fiction haunts students today more than ever.
In our series The College Try we want you to meet people who are tearing down barriers for those trying to cross the opportunity gap, because we all need a little inspiration, right? And you’ll find stories from students trying to leverage school to move out of economic insecurity and into a place where they can thrive. The College Try asks what is a degree worth? And if you don’t come from money, what does it take to get one?
You can hear our stories during Morning Edition on KQED, and find them below.
3 Recent Graduates Share Their Thoughts on AI
Looking Back: When the Spanish Flu Upended Universities, Students Paid the Price
Advocates Warn of Risks to Higher Ed Data if Education Department is Shuttered
The UC Berkeley Lecturer Who Went on a 38-Day Hunger Strike for Gaza
Newsom Warns California Universities Not to ‘Sell Out’ by Signing On to Trump Demands
UC Berkeley Gives Names to the Feds, Valero's Benicia Refinery Closing, and Robotaxis at the Airport
California Faces Steepest Cuts as Trump Ends Diversity Grants. How One College Is Faring
Lawsuit Aims to Force Trump Administration to Stop Delaying Student Loan Forgiveness
These Programs Help Poor Students with College. Trump Wants to Pull the Funding
Inaccurate, Impossible: Experts Knock New Trump Plan to Collect College Admissions Data
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"content": "\u003cp>This graduation season has felt different. Commencement speakers across the country are getting booed for promoting AI in their speeches – and the videos \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2026/05/20/nx-s1-5822419/ai-colleges-commencement-booing\">have gone viral\u003c/a>. Recent college graduates were in school when ChatGPT first launched in late 2022, and \u003ca href=\"https://poll.qu.edu/poll-release?releaseid=3955\">many are worried\u003c/a> about how AI will affect their future job prospects and society at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, we hear from three recent graduates in the Bay Area about their thoughts on AI, how it affected their education, and how they feel about their futures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"\" title=\"\">\u003ci>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, San Francisco-Northern California Local.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5359166520&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Episode transcript\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This transcript is computer-generated. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo \u003c/strong>[00:00:00] I’m Alan Montecillo, in for Erika Cruz Guevara, and welcome to The Bay. Local news to keep you rooted. I graduated from college 13 years ago, and I gotta be honest, no disrespect, but I don’t remember who the commencement speaker was or what they talked about. Most graduation speeches have the same themes. Some message about hope. Thanking your friends and family, the importance of following your passion, and perhaps a call to change the world for the better. But this graduation season has felt a little different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gloria Caulfield \u003c/strong>[00:00:38] The rise of artificial intelligence is the next industrial revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo \u003c/strong>[00:00:52] There have been several videos of students booing commencement speakers when they mention AI. These videos have gone viral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eric Schmidt \u003c/strong>[00:01:00] Time magazine selected its person of the year for 2025. And it was this time, it was the architects of artificial intelligence. Interesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Borschetta \u003c/strong>[00:01:12] AI is rewriting production as we sit here. I know it, deal with it. Like I said, it’s a tool. Hey, like I said. You can hear me now or you can pay me later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo \u003c/strong>[00:01:28] Today’s college graduates were in school when ChatGPT was first released in late 2022. They’ve seen it change their classrooms. Today, three recent graduates in the Bay Area tell us how they really feel about AI and about their futures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ellena Simentel \u003c/strong>[00:01:55] My name is Ellena Simentel. I graduated with my master’s in kinesiology from San Francisco State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:02:04] Kinesiology is the study of muscle movement. It’s very interdisciplinary, so there’s kind of a lot of different aspects in the field. So we do like sports psychology. You can go into physical therapy, athletic training, occupational therapy. I wanted to be a physical therapist. I’ve been to a little bit more recently. So I did focus mostly on like muscle physiology classes and that types of things. But now I think I wanna go more into a little bit more of the psychological motivational side, either doing some kind of city planning that has to do with getting people moving, or maybe even working for some type of nonprofit like Girls on the Run or things that get people active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:02:55] So even in undergrad we take our core class which is like one of the classes that teaches you like how to read and write in the field of kinesiology and that type of thing and midway through the semester I want to say this was like 2023. Our professor had actually changed the entire course of the class to focus on AI because it had like kind of just come out and she was like you And all of us at that point were kind of like, oh, you know, like, it’ll come and go, it is what it is. But what’s funny sitting back and looking at it now, it’s like, I feel like she really changed the class for a reason. I think it helped a lot of us just kind of get a grasp on what is AI, how to use it, the advantages maybe and some of the disadvantages. And so I obviously only took that class once, but I hope that they continue to do that for that class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:04:00] It’s good to have immediate feedback, right? That’s, I think, one of the biggest advantages as a student. You don’t have to wait for your professor. It’s very individualized and you can really use it to fix specific things in your writing, for example, like writing essays. I think it’s a great tool to make you sound professional, help fix your grammar, maybe help you with the formatting. Um, the problem and the drawback is just sometimes it takes over your thinking. You it’s, it’s very easy to just put something in and be like, okay, now write me an essay, but there’s no thought that goes into that. There’s no critical thinking that goes in to that. Um, and at the end of the day, like it’s kind of taking away from the learning itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:04:54] I’m definitely less worried than other fields. I think there’s some careers in kinesiology, like if you wanted to be an athletic trainer or maybe like a personal trainer, there’s definitely a chance that AI could swoop in and take some of your clients. You can ask for a workout routine on ChatGPT so easily. However, The motivational aspect that comes with kinesiology and sports psychology that we learn with our degree I think is more helpful than talking to something online and just kind of having that like one-on-one human support is a lot more personalized. For example, like I worked in the athletic training department for a little bit and you can feel the difference in muscle when like a muscle is tense and you can kind with tell. What it needs, AI is not gonna be hands-on like that. And so having that human interaction in this field specifically is really helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:06:00] I will say though that there’s just so much negativity around it and it’s kind of hard to take yourself out of the online discourse. My friend works out in this athletic studio with some of these tech guys and they talk the pros and the cons and like how people are being let go and and you know But at the same time, maybe there’s some jobs that AI should take over. Do people really need to be coding all day every day sitting on a computer? Maybe there’s things that humans shouldn’t be doing, like computer work all day. Maybe we need to go back outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:06:43] I’m looking forward to seeing what’s out there, right? I live in San Francisco currently and I can’t really see myself. Moving away anytime soon. I think there’s just so much to experience and so many people to meet. Global pandemic, like I was in college, I was taking like 20 units a semester. Every semester I was summer classes, winter classes, and I really chased the academic route. I just turned 24 and I have my master’s and I don’t think a lot of people can say that. And so I think now kind of like finding what it is exactly that I want to do with it and kind of just getting more experience in the field is really exciting to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ada He \u003c/strong>[00:07:40] My name is Ada He, and I’m currently a fourth year student at UC San Diego set to graduate on June 14th. My hometown is San Jose in the Bay Area, and I’m currently studying cognitive science with a specialization in machine learning and neural computation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:07:59] So just to boil down to simple terms, it’s basically the study of intelligence, and it’s super duper relevant for machine learning, understanding these computational models of intelligence. The reason that I chose it and specifically the machine learning and neural computation track was because I think in high school I knew that I was curious about technology but I was also curious about more so the neuroscience and psychology side of things. And so I think I was kind of struck by this idea of like what is intelligence, how can we model it computationally and I think at the time even then there were starting to be like these buzzwords around ML and like AI and how this is going to be the next big thing of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:08:36] And so… Very practical future-oriented parents were like, you, our child, should definitely study something related to technology. And I was like, well, I’m not quite sure, so let me pick this broader major that has to do with technology, but also kind of has to do more with like the philosophy and the psychology and like the ethics of what these systems are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:09:01] I think when I first started in college, basically the only place that I was hearing about machine learning, artificial intelligence as a whole was through theory in my coursework. But I think all of it was very much creative and like human driven. I think where I really started hearing about these AI tools that were in mass production was during my second year of college. So I think in that time, that was when ChatGPT was sort of like released to Apollo can never start using it and it became like the big thing. And suddenly it felt like everyone was talking about chatgbc like, oh hey, it’s pretty smart, it can do all these things. In my third year of college then, like after the summer when we came back to school, then it was taking off and everyone was using it in their classes, everyone’s like asking it questions, and they were using it to code in my programming classes, they were asking it for essay advice, and then I think that was when I started to think like wait, isn’t that an academic integrity violation and then so is AI just being used to like help us cheat now? Started out in this very humanistic direction, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:10:12] I was using AI as a tool to investigate these hypotheses and to see if I could get it to predict the patterns that I could predict. They were supposed to be these helpful tools that would help us diagnose bigger problems that were facing people. I’ve heard of applications of AI to chart patterns of climate change. So in my head, I just thought AI and ML had so much potential to be used for good. With ChatGPT, I know it’s like- There’s so much progress now going on in the area of large language models that I wonder if the other areas of AI and other use cases are being neglected. This seems like all research is funneling into how these large language models can help us replace white collar jobs. And I’m like, when did that become the focus of artificial intelligence and machine learning?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:10:59] I think I’ve been searching for a full-time job since January. As a student who is looking for a white collar job, it’s been very very very distressing to hear all the discourse that AI is meant to replace the work that I’ve spent four years studying. I think I honestly lost track by half to have applied for more than 300 jobs at this point. Just knowing that like the odds of getting a job are so slim even if you do get a callback and then seeing the number of callbacks I’m getting compared to the number applications I put out, that is kind of insane to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I do have summer jobs lined up. I’m currently like a student employee at the UC San Diego library. And I think like I’ve been really fortunate to have that environment because working for the web team there feels very meaningful since the work we do is like all done by hand. We have a very intentional design approach and the goal of all the work that I put out there is to serve the student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I think everything that I’ve made there has made me like feel good and I don’t like feel as much like moral confusion when I think about continuing that work this summer. But that rule runs until September, so I know that I have wiggle rooms trying to figure things out somewhat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:12:19] Every generation has faced its demons and maybe the world of AI slop these like powerfully generative tools are kind of one of the demons that my generation has to face in the sense that we have to figure out where it fits into our lives and where it fits into workflows without compromising our morals because they might be here to stay. And then we also have to figure out how to deal with them in our daily, day-to-day work, because that’s probably gonna be an inseparable part of it, whether we like it or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aaron Kim \u003c/strong>[00:12:57] My name is Aaron Kim. I graduated from UC Berkeley with a major in political science. I came in through the community college route and I started community college in 2019. So I had a couple of years to see like at least in community college, like what higher education was like before AI, then it dropped. And then I saw everyone kind of like scrambling to react to it. It was really interesting watching the different ways professors would try to handle it. Some of them just had like a no AI policy. Others had like a, you have to use AI policy. My gosh, yeah. I remember really early on, there was a professor that told me that like, or that told the class that don’t use AI. I can tell if you use AI because it’ll take your essay, put it in ChatGPT and ask it if it wrote it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been a bit of a consensus that’s settled around AI, where professors just kind of understood that it’s here. So they got more specific on how we’re supposed to use it. So they’re like, oh, you can use it as a writing assistant. You can use as to help start your research, but don’t use it a source and don’t make it do all your writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:14:06] But I know some people that are really hardline against it, I kind of agree with them for the most part. Like I think that AI especially, it’s not very sustainable. I feel like it’s sometimes people over-rely on it, which I’ve seen a lot. But I’ve also seen it level the playing field, especially for like ESL speakers. Sometimes I’ll see people who are like in higher education and they’re like not speaking English as a first language I I remember before AI they were excuse my language, but they were basically just shit out of luck. They were gonna be judged the same as like a native English speaker and like sometimes like it just like people were not nice about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:14:48] Yeah, I’m like a first-gen college student, so I I just kind of went to college because I don’t know, I didn’t really know why I was going. I just did it. I’m not one of those people that was like, oh yeah, I’m gonna be a doctor or a lawyer or a dentist. I ended up doing a lot of stuff in the union world and the labor world and like the community organizing world, which is why I think AI has affected me a little less personally, like a little less directly because none of the jobs that I was really looking for are really AI exposed as much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily I’m one of these people, but I do think the implementation of AI in the economy has like, I’ve received a lot of the downwind effects. I think a lot tasks are having AI implemented into it. And because of that, I think there’s just less need for a lot of entry level positions that existed in the past. My friends and I joke about it being a “nepo economy” right now, because there’s just like, nobody’s getting jobs through applications, at least not a lot. It’s just all like, you have to know somebody and that’s how you’re getting jobs. I’m still trying to really figure out what direction I want to go for that. But right now I’m just like trying to find something in social impact, you know, nonprofits or unions, um, which is just because that’s like, you know, where my heart was at during college. And that’s where a lot of my experience was at. But yeah, at this point, I think I just kind of have to try to keep an open mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I just don’t really think this sort of like innovation is really helping most people in a way that’s really substantial. Like I feel like, yeah, it’s like making things more convenient for a lot of us in like really minor ways, but I just feel like, like, was this all necessary? But it’s like here and we can’t like press, there’s no undo button for things like this, so I guess I just kind of have to adapt. Luckily, in terms of my personal career trajectory, it still feels pretty peripheral. Because a lot of the organizations I’m interested in working for are concerned with working people-centered kind of policies, I think mass, uncritical, enthusiastic adoption of AI is just something that hopefully a lot them just wouldn’t do. Like how would you feel if you’re like working and your union rep is like a chat GPT, like an iPad on the like a little thing that rolls around and tries to get you to sign union cards, right? Like that’s kind of something that AI can never take away. It’s like, because of so much of organizing job or so much organizing is based on building trust human to human, you know? And that’s just something AI can ever do…I hope!\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This graduation season has felt different. Commencement speakers across the country are getting booed for promoting AI in their speeches – and the videos \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2026/05/20/nx-s1-5822419/ai-colleges-commencement-booing\">have gone viral\u003c/a>. Recent college graduates were in school when ChatGPT first launched in late 2022, and \u003ca href=\"https://poll.qu.edu/poll-release?releaseid=3955\">many are worried\u003c/a> about how AI will affect their future job prospects and society at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, we hear from three recent graduates in the Bay Area about their thoughts on AI, how it affected their education, and how they feel about their futures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"\" title=\"\">\u003ci>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, San Francisco-Northern California Local.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5359166520&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Episode transcript\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This transcript is computer-generated. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo \u003c/strong>[00:00:00] I’m Alan Montecillo, in for Erika Cruz Guevara, and welcome to The Bay. Local news to keep you rooted. I graduated from college 13 years ago, and I gotta be honest, no disrespect, but I don’t remember who the commencement speaker was or what they talked about. Most graduation speeches have the same themes. Some message about hope. Thanking your friends and family, the importance of following your passion, and perhaps a call to change the world for the better. But this graduation season has felt a little different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gloria Caulfield \u003c/strong>[00:00:38] The rise of artificial intelligence is the next industrial revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo \u003c/strong>[00:00:52] There have been several videos of students booing commencement speakers when they mention AI. These videos have gone viral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eric Schmidt \u003c/strong>[00:01:00] Time magazine selected its person of the year for 2025. And it was this time, it was the architects of artificial intelligence. Interesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Borschetta \u003c/strong>[00:01:12] AI is rewriting production as we sit here. I know it, deal with it. Like I said, it’s a tool. Hey, like I said. You can hear me now or you can pay me later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo \u003c/strong>[00:01:28] Today’s college graduates were in school when ChatGPT was first released in late 2022. They’ve seen it change their classrooms. Today, three recent graduates in the Bay Area tell us how they really feel about AI and about their futures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ellena Simentel \u003c/strong>[00:01:55] My name is Ellena Simentel. I graduated with my master’s in kinesiology from San Francisco State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:02:04] Kinesiology is the study of muscle movement. It’s very interdisciplinary, so there’s kind of a lot of different aspects in the field. So we do like sports psychology. You can go into physical therapy, athletic training, occupational therapy. I wanted to be a physical therapist. I’ve been to a little bit more recently. So I did focus mostly on like muscle physiology classes and that types of things. But now I think I wanna go more into a little bit more of the psychological motivational side, either doing some kind of city planning that has to do with getting people moving, or maybe even working for some type of nonprofit like Girls on the Run or things that get people active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:02:55] So even in undergrad we take our core class which is like one of the classes that teaches you like how to read and write in the field of kinesiology and that type of thing and midway through the semester I want to say this was like 2023. Our professor had actually changed the entire course of the class to focus on AI because it had like kind of just come out and she was like you And all of us at that point were kind of like, oh, you know, like, it’ll come and go, it is what it is. But what’s funny sitting back and looking at it now, it’s like, I feel like she really changed the class for a reason. I think it helped a lot of us just kind of get a grasp on what is AI, how to use it, the advantages maybe and some of the disadvantages. And so I obviously only took that class once, but I hope that they continue to do that for that class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:04:00] It’s good to have immediate feedback, right? That’s, I think, one of the biggest advantages as a student. You don’t have to wait for your professor. It’s very individualized and you can really use it to fix specific things in your writing, for example, like writing essays. I think it’s a great tool to make you sound professional, help fix your grammar, maybe help you with the formatting. Um, the problem and the drawback is just sometimes it takes over your thinking. You it’s, it’s very easy to just put something in and be like, okay, now write me an essay, but there’s no thought that goes into that. There’s no critical thinking that goes in to that. Um, and at the end of the day, like it’s kind of taking away from the learning itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:04:54] I’m definitely less worried than other fields. I think there’s some careers in kinesiology, like if you wanted to be an athletic trainer or maybe like a personal trainer, there’s definitely a chance that AI could swoop in and take some of your clients. You can ask for a workout routine on ChatGPT so easily. However, The motivational aspect that comes with kinesiology and sports psychology that we learn with our degree I think is more helpful than talking to something online and just kind of having that like one-on-one human support is a lot more personalized. For example, like I worked in the athletic training department for a little bit and you can feel the difference in muscle when like a muscle is tense and you can kind with tell. What it needs, AI is not gonna be hands-on like that. And so having that human interaction in this field specifically is really helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:06:00] I will say though that there’s just so much negativity around it and it’s kind of hard to take yourself out of the online discourse. My friend works out in this athletic studio with some of these tech guys and they talk the pros and the cons and like how people are being let go and and you know But at the same time, maybe there’s some jobs that AI should take over. Do people really need to be coding all day every day sitting on a computer? Maybe there’s things that humans shouldn’t be doing, like computer work all day. Maybe we need to go back outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:06:43] I’m looking forward to seeing what’s out there, right? I live in San Francisco currently and I can’t really see myself. Moving away anytime soon. I think there’s just so much to experience and so many people to meet. Global pandemic, like I was in college, I was taking like 20 units a semester. Every semester I was summer classes, winter classes, and I really chased the academic route. I just turned 24 and I have my master’s and I don’t think a lot of people can say that. And so I think now kind of like finding what it is exactly that I want to do with it and kind of just getting more experience in the field is really exciting to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ada He \u003c/strong>[00:07:40] My name is Ada He, and I’m currently a fourth year student at UC San Diego set to graduate on June 14th. My hometown is San Jose in the Bay Area, and I’m currently studying cognitive science with a specialization in machine learning and neural computation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:07:59] So just to boil down to simple terms, it’s basically the study of intelligence, and it’s super duper relevant for machine learning, understanding these computational models of intelligence. The reason that I chose it and specifically the machine learning and neural computation track was because I think in high school I knew that I was curious about technology but I was also curious about more so the neuroscience and psychology side of things. And so I think I was kind of struck by this idea of like what is intelligence, how can we model it computationally and I think at the time even then there were starting to be like these buzzwords around ML and like AI and how this is going to be the next big thing of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:08:36] And so… Very practical future-oriented parents were like, you, our child, should definitely study something related to technology. And I was like, well, I’m not quite sure, so let me pick this broader major that has to do with technology, but also kind of has to do more with like the philosophy and the psychology and like the ethics of what these systems are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:09:01] I think when I first started in college, basically the only place that I was hearing about machine learning, artificial intelligence as a whole was through theory in my coursework. But I think all of it was very much creative and like human driven. I think where I really started hearing about these AI tools that were in mass production was during my second year of college. So I think in that time, that was when ChatGPT was sort of like released to Apollo can never start using it and it became like the big thing. And suddenly it felt like everyone was talking about chatgbc like, oh hey, it’s pretty smart, it can do all these things. In my third year of college then, like after the summer when we came back to school, then it was taking off and everyone was using it in their classes, everyone’s like asking it questions, and they were using it to code in my programming classes, they were asking it for essay advice, and then I think that was when I started to think like wait, isn’t that an academic integrity violation and then so is AI just being used to like help us cheat now? Started out in this very humanistic direction, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:10:12] I was using AI as a tool to investigate these hypotheses and to see if I could get it to predict the patterns that I could predict. They were supposed to be these helpful tools that would help us diagnose bigger problems that were facing people. I’ve heard of applications of AI to chart patterns of climate change. So in my head, I just thought AI and ML had so much potential to be used for good. With ChatGPT, I know it’s like- There’s so much progress now going on in the area of large language models that I wonder if the other areas of AI and other use cases are being neglected. This seems like all research is funneling into how these large language models can help us replace white collar jobs. And I’m like, when did that become the focus of artificial intelligence and machine learning?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:10:59] I think I’ve been searching for a full-time job since January. As a student who is looking for a white collar job, it’s been very very very distressing to hear all the discourse that AI is meant to replace the work that I’ve spent four years studying. I think I honestly lost track by half to have applied for more than 300 jobs at this point. Just knowing that like the odds of getting a job are so slim even if you do get a callback and then seeing the number of callbacks I’m getting compared to the number applications I put out, that is kind of insane to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I do have summer jobs lined up. I’m currently like a student employee at the UC San Diego library. And I think like I’ve been really fortunate to have that environment because working for the web team there feels very meaningful since the work we do is like all done by hand. We have a very intentional design approach and the goal of all the work that I put out there is to serve the student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I think everything that I’ve made there has made me like feel good and I don’t like feel as much like moral confusion when I think about continuing that work this summer. But that rule runs until September, so I know that I have wiggle rooms trying to figure things out somewhat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:12:19] Every generation has faced its demons and maybe the world of AI slop these like powerfully generative tools are kind of one of the demons that my generation has to face in the sense that we have to figure out where it fits into our lives and where it fits into workflows without compromising our morals because they might be here to stay. And then we also have to figure out how to deal with them in our daily, day-to-day work, because that’s probably gonna be an inseparable part of it, whether we like it or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aaron Kim \u003c/strong>[00:12:57] My name is Aaron Kim. I graduated from UC Berkeley with a major in political science. I came in through the community college route and I started community college in 2019. So I had a couple of years to see like at least in community college, like what higher education was like before AI, then it dropped. And then I saw everyone kind of like scrambling to react to it. It was really interesting watching the different ways professors would try to handle it. Some of them just had like a no AI policy. Others had like a, you have to use AI policy. My gosh, yeah. I remember really early on, there was a professor that told me that like, or that told the class that don’t use AI. I can tell if you use AI because it’ll take your essay, put it in ChatGPT and ask it if it wrote it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been a bit of a consensus that’s settled around AI, where professors just kind of understood that it’s here. So they got more specific on how we’re supposed to use it. So they’re like, oh, you can use it as a writing assistant. You can use as to help start your research, but don’t use it a source and don’t make it do all your writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:14:06] But I know some people that are really hardline against it, I kind of agree with them for the most part. Like I think that AI especially, it’s not very sustainable. I feel like it’s sometimes people over-rely on it, which I’ve seen a lot. But I’ve also seen it level the playing field, especially for like ESL speakers. Sometimes I’ll see people who are like in higher education and they’re like not speaking English as a first language I I remember before AI they were excuse my language, but they were basically just shit out of luck. They were gonna be judged the same as like a native English speaker and like sometimes like it just like people were not nice about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:14:48] Yeah, I’m like a first-gen college student, so I I just kind of went to college because I don’t know, I didn’t really know why I was going. I just did it. I’m not one of those people that was like, oh yeah, I’m gonna be a doctor or a lawyer or a dentist. I ended up doing a lot of stuff in the union world and the labor world and like the community organizing world, which is why I think AI has affected me a little less personally, like a little less directly because none of the jobs that I was really looking for are really AI exposed as much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily I’m one of these people, but I do think the implementation of AI in the economy has like, I’ve received a lot of the downwind effects. I think a lot tasks are having AI implemented into it. And because of that, I think there’s just less need for a lot of entry level positions that existed in the past. My friends and I joke about it being a “nepo economy” right now, because there’s just like, nobody’s getting jobs through applications, at least not a lot. It’s just all like, you have to know somebody and that’s how you’re getting jobs. I’m still trying to really figure out what direction I want to go for that. But right now I’m just like trying to find something in social impact, you know, nonprofits or unions, um, which is just because that’s like, you know, where my heart was at during college. And that’s where a lot of my experience was at. But yeah, at this point, I think I just kind of have to try to keep an open mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I just don’t really think this sort of like innovation is really helping most people in a way that’s really substantial. Like I feel like, yeah, it’s like making things more convenient for a lot of us in like really minor ways, but I just feel like, like, was this all necessary? But it’s like here and we can’t like press, there’s no undo button for things like this, so I guess I just kind of have to adapt. Luckily, in terms of my personal career trajectory, it still feels pretty peripheral. Because a lot of the organizations I’m interested in working for are concerned with working people-centered kind of policies, I think mass, uncritical, enthusiastic adoption of AI is just something that hopefully a lot them just wouldn’t do. Like how would you feel if you’re like working and your union rep is like a chat GPT, like an iPad on the like a little thing that rolls around and tries to get you to sign union cards, right? Like that’s kind of something that AI can never take away. It’s like, because of so much of organizing job or so much organizing is based on building trust human to human, you know? And that’s just something AI can ever do…I hope!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Looking Back: When the Spanish Flu Upended Universities, Students Paid the Price",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the fall of 1918, Edward Kidder Graham, the president of the University of North Carolina, tried to reassure anxious parents. The Spanish flu was spreading rapidly, but Graham insisted the university was doing all it could to keep students safe. Weeks later, Graham himself contracted the virus and died. His successor, Marvin Hendrix Stacy, promptly succumbed to the epidemic two months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many universities endured similar chaos during the Spanish flu, as I learned from reading a chapter in a forthcoming book on higher education, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.press.jhu.edu/books/title/53895/upheaval-action\">From Upheaval to Action: What Works in Changing Higher Ed\u003c/a>,” by sociologist and Brandeis University President Arthur Levine and University of Pennsylvania administrator Scott Van Pelt. (\u003cem>Disclosure: Levine was the president of Teachers College, Columbia University from 1994 to 2006, during which he launched The Hechinger Institute, the precursor to The Hechinger Report.\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what really struck me was how many colleges’ experiences resembled those of the Covid-19 era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 1918 pandemic, Harvard canceled lectures with more than 50 students. Yale shut down its campus after partial measures failed to contain the spread. Many urban colleges closed temporarily. Orientations, commencements and large public gatherings were canceled or postponed. At Iowa State University, gymnasiums were converted into makeshift hospitals as cases surged. At the University of Michigan, dormitories transformed into quarantine facilities after infirmaries overflowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then came a second wave — deadlier than the first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66098\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 780px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-66098\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2026/02/Signatures-2.jpg\" alt=\"Signatures on a sheet of paper\" width=\"780\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2026/02/Signatures-2.jpg 780w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2026/02/Signatures-2-160x206.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2026/02/Signatures-2-768x991.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first page of a signed petition from the students of the University of Idaho requesting cancellation of studies, school functions, and other duties until after the Thanksgiving Holiday due to the pandemic quarantine, ca. 1918. Credit: University of Idaho Library Digital Collections\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Spanish flu ultimately killed about 675,000 Americans at a time when the U.S. population was roughly 100 million — nearly twice the proportional death rate of Covid-19, which has claimed about 1.2 million lives in a country more than three times as large. Unlike Covid, the Spanish flu struck hardest at young adults in their 20s and 30s, the very ages colleges relied on to fill their classrooms and new faculty seats. Yet, Levine argues, higher education never managed to help that generation recover — academically, socially or psychologically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, institutions moved on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We essentially aged out of it,” said Levine, speaking at the American Enterprise Institute in January about \u003ca href=\"https://www.aei.org/events/tackling-higher-educations-challenges-a-conversation-with-frederick-m-hess-and-brandeis-university-president-arthur-levine/\">higher education’s challenges\u003c/a>. “Pretty soon the people who were home weren’t in college anymore. It’s a relatively short number of years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were innovations. In what we would now call remote learning, colleges expanded correspondence courses. In 1922, Penn State became the first institution to use radio for instruction. Female enrollment grew, particularly in nursing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was little evidence of repair or recovery. Students who had seen their education disrupted by both World War I and the pandemic were depleted in number and altered in outlook. They would come to be known as the lost generation: disillusioned, cynical, psychologically scarred and searching for meaning in a world that had failed to make sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What prevented this loss from registering as a lasting crisis was scale. In the late 1910s and early 1920s, only about 5 percent of young Americans attended college. There were far fewer colleges and universities. And higher education was not yet central to economic and social life in the way it is today. When one cohort faltered, institutions simply admitted the next. Replacement took the place of recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the cultural effects were visible. Writers like Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein and F. Scott Fitzgerald chronicled the lingering disillusionment of a generation shaped by war and disease. The Roaring Twenties, Levine argues, were less a sign of healing than a counterreaction that would be followed, a decade later, by the Great Depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine doesn’t romanticize the past. “Everything I’ve read makes it sound like the Spanish flu combined with World War I may have been a harder slog,” he said in an interview. “So many lives were lost — not only students but faculty and staff. Mental health resources were primitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parallels to the present are unsettling, but the differences may matter even more. Today, well over 60 percent of young adults attend college immediately or shortly after high school. Higher education has become a mass institution, deeply intertwined with economic mobility and social identity. And Covid did not just disrupt schooling; it imposed prolonged social isolation at a formative stage of development for teens and young adults. Levine notes that it is impossible to disentangle the effects of the pandemic from the rise of smartphones and social media, which were already reshaping how young people relate to one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enrollment declines following Covid echo those of the Spanish flu era. But replacement may no longer be a viable strategy. When higher education serves a small elite, institutions can absorb loss quietly. When it serves a majority, the consequences of disruption are broader, more visible, and harder to outrun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lesson of the Spanish flu is not that young people inevitably bounce back. It is that institutions endured by waiting. A century ago, that carried limited cost. Today, with a far larger and more psychologically vulnerable young adult population, the price may be far higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story about how the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-spanish-flu-universities/\">\u003cem>Spanish flu\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> affected universities was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/special-reports/higher-education/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proofpoints/\">\u003cem>Proof Points\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and other \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/newsletters/\">\u003cem>Hechinger newsletters\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the fall of 1918, Edward Kidder Graham, the president of the University of North Carolina, tried to reassure anxious parents. The Spanish flu was spreading rapidly, but Graham insisted the university was doing all it could to keep students safe. Weeks later, Graham himself contracted the virus and died. His successor, Marvin Hendrix Stacy, promptly succumbed to the epidemic two months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many universities endured similar chaos during the Spanish flu, as I learned from reading a chapter in a forthcoming book on higher education, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.press.jhu.edu/books/title/53895/upheaval-action\">From Upheaval to Action: What Works in Changing Higher Ed\u003c/a>,” by sociologist and Brandeis University President Arthur Levine and University of Pennsylvania administrator Scott Van Pelt. (\u003cem>Disclosure: Levine was the president of Teachers College, Columbia University from 1994 to 2006, during which he launched The Hechinger Institute, the precursor to The Hechinger Report.\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what really struck me was how many colleges’ experiences resembled those of the Covid-19 era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 1918 pandemic, Harvard canceled lectures with more than 50 students. Yale shut down its campus after partial measures failed to contain the spread. Many urban colleges closed temporarily. Orientations, commencements and large public gatherings were canceled or postponed. At Iowa State University, gymnasiums were converted into makeshift hospitals as cases surged. At the University of Michigan, dormitories transformed into quarantine facilities after infirmaries overflowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then came a second wave — deadlier than the first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66098\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 780px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-66098\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2026/02/Signatures-2.jpg\" alt=\"Signatures on a sheet of paper\" width=\"780\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2026/02/Signatures-2.jpg 780w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2026/02/Signatures-2-160x206.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2026/02/Signatures-2-768x991.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first page of a signed petition from the students of the University of Idaho requesting cancellation of studies, school functions, and other duties until after the Thanksgiving Holiday due to the pandemic quarantine, ca. 1918. Credit: University of Idaho Library Digital Collections\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Spanish flu ultimately killed about 675,000 Americans at a time when the U.S. population was roughly 100 million — nearly twice the proportional death rate of Covid-19, which has claimed about 1.2 million lives in a country more than three times as large. Unlike Covid, the Spanish flu struck hardest at young adults in their 20s and 30s, the very ages colleges relied on to fill their classrooms and new faculty seats. Yet, Levine argues, higher education never managed to help that generation recover — academically, socially or psychologically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, institutions moved on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We essentially aged out of it,” said Levine, speaking at the American Enterprise Institute in January about \u003ca href=\"https://www.aei.org/events/tackling-higher-educations-challenges-a-conversation-with-frederick-m-hess-and-brandeis-university-president-arthur-levine/\">higher education’s challenges\u003c/a>. “Pretty soon the people who were home weren’t in college anymore. It’s a relatively short number of years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were innovations. In what we would now call remote learning, colleges expanded correspondence courses. In 1922, Penn State became the first institution to use radio for instruction. Female enrollment grew, particularly in nursing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was little evidence of repair or recovery. Students who had seen their education disrupted by both World War I and the pandemic were depleted in number and altered in outlook. They would come to be known as the lost generation: disillusioned, cynical, psychologically scarred and searching for meaning in a world that had failed to make sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What prevented this loss from registering as a lasting crisis was scale. In the late 1910s and early 1920s, only about 5 percent of young Americans attended college. There were far fewer colleges and universities. And higher education was not yet central to economic and social life in the way it is today. When one cohort faltered, institutions simply admitted the next. Replacement took the place of recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the cultural effects were visible. Writers like Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein and F. Scott Fitzgerald chronicled the lingering disillusionment of a generation shaped by war and disease. The Roaring Twenties, Levine argues, were less a sign of healing than a counterreaction that would be followed, a decade later, by the Great Depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine doesn’t romanticize the past. “Everything I’ve read makes it sound like the Spanish flu combined with World War I may have been a harder slog,” he said in an interview. “So many lives were lost — not only students but faculty and staff. Mental health resources were primitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parallels to the present are unsettling, but the differences may matter even more. Today, well over 60 percent of young adults attend college immediately or shortly after high school. Higher education has become a mass institution, deeply intertwined with economic mobility and social identity. And Covid did not just disrupt schooling; it imposed prolonged social isolation at a formative stage of development for teens and young adults. Levine notes that it is impossible to disentangle the effects of the pandemic from the rise of smartphones and social media, which were already reshaping how young people relate to one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enrollment declines following Covid echo those of the Spanish flu era. But replacement may no longer be a viable strategy. When higher education serves a small elite, institutions can absorb loss quietly. When it serves a majority, the consequences of disruption are broader, more visible, and harder to outrun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lesson of the Spanish flu is not that young people inevitably bounce back. It is that institutions endured by waiting. A century ago, that carried limited cost. Today, with a far larger and more psychologically vulnerable young adult population, the price may be far higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story about how the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-spanish-flu-universities/\">\u003cem>Spanish flu\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> affected universities was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/special-reports/higher-education/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proofpoints/\">\u003cem>Proof Points\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and other \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/newsletters/\">\u003cem>Hechinger newsletters\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Even with the government shut down, lots of people are thinking about how to reimagine federal education research. Public comments on how to reform the Institute of Education Sciences (IES), the Education Department’s research and statistics arm, were due on Oct. 15. A total of 434 suggestions were submitted, but no one can read them because the department isn’t allowed to post them publicly until the government reopens. (We know the number because the \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/docket/ED-2025-IES-0844\">comment entry page\u003c/a> has an automatic counter.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A complex numbers game \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s broad agreement across the political spectrum that federal education statistics are essential. Even many critics of the Department of Education want its data collection efforts to survive — just somewhere else. Some have suggested moving the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) to another agency, such as the Commerce Department, where the U.S. Census Bureau is housed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Diane Cheng, vice president of policy at the Institute for Higher Education Policy, a nonprofit organization that advocates for increasing college access and improving graduation rates, warns that shifting NCES risks the quality and usefulness of higher education data. Any move would have to be done carefully, planning for future interagency coordination, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the federal data collections combine data from different sources within ED,” Cheng said, referring to the Education Department. “It has worked well to have everyone within the same agency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the \u003ca href=\"https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/\">College Scorecard\u003c/a>, the website that lets families compare colleges by cost, student loan debt, graduation rates, and post-college earnings. It merges several data sources, including the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), run by NCES, and the National Student Loan Data System, housed in the Office of Federal Student Aid. Several other higher ed data collections on \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/npsas/\">student aid\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/bps/\">students’ pathways through college\u003c/a> also merge data collected at the statistical unit with student aid figures. Splitting those across different agencies could make such collaboration far more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If those data are split across multiple federal agencies,” Cheng said, “there would likely be more bureaucratic hurdles required to combine the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Information sharing across federal agencies is notoriously cumbersome, the very problem that led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security after 9/11.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Hiring and $4.5 million in fresh research grants\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even as the Trump administration publicly insists it intends to shutter the Department of Education, it is quietly rebuilding small parts of it behind the scenes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the department \u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-reforming-ies-education-research/\">posted eight new jobs\u003c/a> to replace fired staff who oversaw the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the biennial test of American students’ achievement. In November, it advertised \u003ca href=\"https://www.usajobs.gov/job/849436800?fromemail=true\">four more openings for statisticians\u003c/a> inside the Federal Student Aid Office. Still, nothing is expected to be quick or smooth. The government shutdown stalled hiring for the NAEP jobs, and now a new Trump administration directive to form \u003ca href=\"https://www.semafor.com/article/11/05/2025/trump-administration-requires-federal-employee-hiring-committees-by-nov-17\">hiring committees by Nov. 17\u003c/a> to approve and fill open positions may further delay these hires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the demolition continues. Less than two weeks after the Oct. 1 government shutdown, 466 additional Education Department employees were terminated — on top of the roughly 2,000 lost since March 2025 through firings and voluntary departures. (The department employed about 4,000 at the start of the Trump administration.) A federal judge temporarily \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/15/us/politics/government-shutdown-trump-layoffs-unions.html\">blocked these latest layoffs\u003c/a> on Oct. 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also other small new signs of life. On Sept. 30 — just before the shutdown — the department quietly awarded \u003ca href=\"https://ies.ed.gov/search-results?searchTerms=From%20Seedlings%20to%20Scale%20Grants%20Program%20(ALN%2084.305J)\">nine new research and development grants\u003c/a> totaling $4.5 million. The grants, listed on the department’s website, are part of a new initiative called, “\u003ca href=\"https://ies.ed.gov/funding/research/programs/seedlings-scale-grants-program\">From Seedlings to Scale Grants Program\u003c/a>” (S2S), launched by the Biden administration in \u003ca href=\"https://ies.ed.gov/funding/grants/2025/seedlings-scale-84-305j\">August 2024\u003c/a> to test whether the Defense Department’s DARPA-style innovation model could work in education. DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, invests in new technologies for national security. Its most celebrated project became the basis for the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each new project, mostly focused on AI-driven personalized learning, received $500,000 to produce early evidence of effectiveness. Recipients include universities, research organizations and ed tech firms. Projects that show promise could be eligible for future funding to scale up with more students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a person familiar with the program who spoke on background, the nine projects had been selected before President Donald Trump took office, but the formal awards were delayed amid the department’s upheaval. The Institute of Education Sciences — which lost roughly 90 percent of its staff — was one of the hardest hit divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granted, $4.5 million is a rounding error compared with IES’s official annual budget of $800 million. Still, these are believed to be the first new federal education research grants of the Trump era and a faint signal that Washington may not be abandoning education innovation altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story about \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-risks-higher-ed-data/\">\u003cem>risks to federal education data\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/special-reports/higher-education/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proofpoints/\">\u003cem>Proof Points\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and other \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/newsletters/\">\u003cem>Hechinger newsletters\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even with the government shut down, lots of people are thinking about how to reimagine federal education research. Public comments on how to reform the Institute of Education Sciences (IES), the Education Department’s research and statistics arm, were due on Oct. 15. A total of 434 suggestions were submitted, but no one can read them because the department isn’t allowed to post them publicly until the government reopens. (We know the number because the \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/docket/ED-2025-IES-0844\">comment entry page\u003c/a> has an automatic counter.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A complex numbers game \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s broad agreement across the political spectrum that federal education statistics are essential. Even many critics of the Department of Education want its data collection efforts to survive — just somewhere else. Some have suggested moving the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) to another agency, such as the Commerce Department, where the U.S. Census Bureau is housed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Diane Cheng, vice president of policy at the Institute for Higher Education Policy, a nonprofit organization that advocates for increasing college access and improving graduation rates, warns that shifting NCES risks the quality and usefulness of higher education data. Any move would have to be done carefully, planning for future interagency coordination, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the federal data collections combine data from different sources within ED,” Cheng said, referring to the Education Department. “It has worked well to have everyone within the same agency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the \u003ca href=\"https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/\">College Scorecard\u003c/a>, the website that lets families compare colleges by cost, student loan debt, graduation rates, and post-college earnings. It merges several data sources, including the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), run by NCES, and the National Student Loan Data System, housed in the Office of Federal Student Aid. Several other higher ed data collections on \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/npsas/\">student aid\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/bps/\">students’ pathways through college\u003c/a> also merge data collected at the statistical unit with student aid figures. Splitting those across different agencies could make such collaboration far more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If those data are split across multiple federal agencies,” Cheng said, “there would likely be more bureaucratic hurdles required to combine the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Information sharing across federal agencies is notoriously cumbersome, the very problem that led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security after 9/11.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Hiring and $4.5 million in fresh research grants\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even as the Trump administration publicly insists it intends to shutter the Department of Education, it is quietly rebuilding small parts of it behind the scenes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the department \u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-reforming-ies-education-research/\">posted eight new jobs\u003c/a> to replace fired staff who oversaw the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the biennial test of American students’ achievement. In November, it advertised \u003ca href=\"https://www.usajobs.gov/job/849436800?fromemail=true\">four more openings for statisticians\u003c/a> inside the Federal Student Aid Office. Still, nothing is expected to be quick or smooth. The government shutdown stalled hiring for the NAEP jobs, and now a new Trump administration directive to form \u003ca href=\"https://www.semafor.com/article/11/05/2025/trump-administration-requires-federal-employee-hiring-committees-by-nov-17\">hiring committees by Nov. 17\u003c/a> to approve and fill open positions may further delay these hires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the demolition continues. Less than two weeks after the Oct. 1 government shutdown, 466 additional Education Department employees were terminated — on top of the roughly 2,000 lost since March 2025 through firings and voluntary departures. (The department employed about 4,000 at the start of the Trump administration.) A federal judge temporarily \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/15/us/politics/government-shutdown-trump-layoffs-unions.html\">blocked these latest layoffs\u003c/a> on Oct. 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also other small new signs of life. On Sept. 30 — just before the shutdown — the department quietly awarded \u003ca href=\"https://ies.ed.gov/search-results?searchTerms=From%20Seedlings%20to%20Scale%20Grants%20Program%20(ALN%2084.305J)\">nine new research and development grants\u003c/a> totaling $4.5 million. The grants, listed on the department’s website, are part of a new initiative called, “\u003ca href=\"https://ies.ed.gov/funding/research/programs/seedlings-scale-grants-program\">From Seedlings to Scale Grants Program\u003c/a>” (S2S), launched by the Biden administration in \u003ca href=\"https://ies.ed.gov/funding/grants/2025/seedlings-scale-84-305j\">August 2024\u003c/a> to test whether the Defense Department’s DARPA-style innovation model could work in education. DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, invests in new technologies for national security. Its most celebrated project became the basis for the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each new project, mostly focused on AI-driven personalized learning, received $500,000 to produce early evidence of effectiveness. Recipients include universities, research organizations and ed tech firms. Projects that show promise could be eligible for future funding to scale up with more students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a person familiar with the program who spoke on background, the nine projects had been selected before President Donald Trump took office, but the formal awards were delayed amid the department’s upheaval. The Institute of Education Sciences — which lost roughly 90 percent of its staff — was one of the hardest hit divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granted, $4.5 million is a rounding error compared with IES’s official annual budget of $800 million. Still, these are believed to be the first new federal education research grants of the Trump era and a faint signal that Washington may not be abandoning education innovation altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story about \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-risks-higher-ed-data/\">\u003cem>risks to federal education data\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/special-reports/higher-education/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proofpoints/\">\u003cem>Proof Points\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and other \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/newsletters/\">\u003cem>Hechinger newsletters\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For 38 days, UC Berkeley computer science lecturer Peyrin Kao taught classes while on a hunger strike for Palestine. He’s also one of 150 people whose names were sent by UC Berkeley to the Trump Administration for its investigation into alleged antisemitism — an investigation that critics say is meant to silence opposition to Israel’s invasion and siege of Gaza.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5206190486&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ci>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/i>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This transcript is computer-generated. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:02:33] So you’ve been a lecturer for, you’ve here for nine years, you said a lecturer for how long?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:02:38] I’ve been teaching for eight years total, but I’ve been a full-time lecturer here for three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:02:42] And what kind of classes do you have?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:02:45] Yeah, so like this semester I’m teaching the kind of intro to artificial intelligence class. It’s one of the classes I’m teaching. So just I’ve also taught like the computer security class, the computer networking class. So yeah, you kind of get tossed around a bit as a lecturer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:02:58] Computer science, it’s not typically the kind of subject that I might imagine typically engaging with subjects like Palestine, the war in Gaza. When did you first feel the need to speak out about what’s happening in Gaza?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:03:13] To me, the reason why it’s so important to speak out about this topic in particular, and the reason I’m saying this is because sometimes people will say, well, you’re really outspoken about this issue, but why aren’t you outspoking about the crackdown on immigrants or the attempt to erase transgender people? And it’s like, these are also really important issues that we should be talking about. And one of the reasons that I felt the need to speak about Palestine in particular is because this is an issue where the information war angle and the disinformation angle. Is such a big part of the reason why the genocide can go on. Being pumped into our social media feeds, into our conversations here in the United States to try and dehumanize Palestinians to say, well, they’re not starving, that’s fake. Talking about this one issue is important because to me I think it’s one of the biggest moral issues of our time. But then it allows us to open up other conversations about how our tech is being used not just to fuel genocide in Gaza, but how it’s being used. To track and surveil immigrants here in the U.S. And you can start making these connections if you start talking about topics like this. So to me, that’s why it’s so important to speak up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:04:19] It sounds like you think that this conversation is very much part of what your students in computer science should be learning right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:04:28] Right, exactly, and not only are these things that our students have to reckon with as they go into the workforce, a lot of the companies that our university and our department have close connections with are the companies that are directly complicit in Israeli genocide. Google and Amazon, these are companies that are students often go to work for, or they strive to work for Google or Amazon, and they come to our campus, and they do recruiting and career fairs and things like that. And it’s important to remember that these companies, even if they try to launder their reputation, they’re very much complicit in the genocide. And it is important to have these conversations to say, well, wait a minute, if you go and work for these companies where is your labor going? And when you’re building these things, like what is it being used for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:05:14] Was there a point in the last two years where you made the decision to really speak out about this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:05:21] The first time that I brought it up in the workplace was actually November of 2023, when I talked to students about it after a class and the department wasn’t super happy with me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:05:32] Uh, at this point, uh, 61B Electra is over, by the way, like, if you want to go, you can go. But since this is my last chance to talk to you all, and also you all out in the recording in the world, uh, I have a couple things I want to say, and I just want to make it clear that this is, like only on my behalf. So, like nobody on 61B…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:05:50] They called it political advocacy or something like that. But really what it was, was an acknowledgement that, one, there is a genocide going on, something that has since been validated by… Genocide scholars and by human rights organizations, but also to have students think critically. Like, the U.S. Is the biggest backer of Israel and its current bombing campaign in Gaza, okay? Like, my tax dollars are being used to fund the bombing of children, hospitals, schools, universities, okay, safe zones. And so, as someone who is funding this, I think I have a right to say something against it. If you’re going to learn all these tools to write these programs and train these large AI models, what are those going to be used for? Are they going to used to mass surveil Palestinians in the West Bank and in Gaza? These are things that we have to be thinking critically about and I don’t think it’s necessarily political advocacy or that it’s controversial to say that we should have those conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:06:58] Tell me a little bit more about the reaction that you got from both students and, I mean, I’m also curious your department and also the university at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:07:09] And I would say the student reaction was largely positive. People want to talk about this because it’s such an important thing to talk about and not suppress it and say, Oh, you can’t even talk about it because that’s what the department did. They shut it down and they said, you’re not allowed to talk about this. They told all the students and they. Oh, what your instructor did was inappropriate. And, you know, he’s going to get in trouble for it and you should report him. This was sort of like record now that says, Oh well, you know, this guy got in trouble for a political advocacy. And they basically made it clear in no uncertain terms that if you do it again. You know, we’re not going to be very thrilled about it. And I would also mention that as a lecturer, I’m hired on year to year contracts. So I don’t have the same sort of job security that tenured faculty do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:07:52] In an email to KQED, UC Berkeley Assistant Vice Chancellor Dan Mogulof said the school always takes a quote, viewpoint neutral approach when it comes to supporting freedom of expression. Mogulof says staff and faculty speaking for themselves and on their own time have every right to voice their beliefs, but that it’s a different story in the classroom. When it came to Peyrin Kao’s lecture in November of 2023, Mogulof pointed to UC policy, which requires its universities to be non-partisan and quote, prohibits faculty from using the classroom or class time as venues or opportunities for political advocacy or indoctrination. One way you really pushed is you decided to go on a hunger strike. What was the goal of the hunger strike and when did you start that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:08:57] Yeah, the hunger strike started on the first day of class, which was August 27th, and it lasted until October 3rd or 4th, which was 38 days in. There were lots of different reasons we went into it, but one reason I think is, again, there’s this dehumanization of Palestinians that goes on, and that means that when Palestinians die, it’s written like a statistic. It doesn’t even read like these are people, but they are people. That’s someone’s mother, that’s someone child, that’s someones doctor, that someone’s nurse. One of the goals of launching an action, like a hunger strike specifically, is to bring that starvation to Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:09:32] Effective today to protest this genocide, I am launching an open-ended hunger strike, and I call on all CSTech workers, students, and educators to do everything they can to stop the atrocities happening with our taxpayer dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:09:47] So that when people interact with me, you know, out on the street, or at a protest, or in the classroom, at office hours. They have to see someone starving in front of them and remember, well, the people that I see starving in Gaza, they’re just like this person that’s right in front of me and I mean, right around the time the hunger strike started, we read that one of the people that starved to death in Gaza. I looked at their job and it said university lecturer and that really hit me and it made me think, well, wait a minute, like that could have been me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:10:18] During the hunger strike, Kao pledged to live on a starvation diet of 250 calories per day. Organizers say that number mirrors the average amount of food available to Palestinians in Northern Gaza, based on a 2024 report by Oxfam. Kao vowed to remain on strike until the UC Berkeley administration met four demands. Which include acknowledging Israel’s occupation and genocide of Palestinians, as well as the university’s role in developing war technologies. He also asked that the university pledge to avoid any kind of relationship with the military and to create standards and practices around funding that aligned with international human rights law. When asked for comment about Kao’s hunger strike, UC Berkeley reiterated its “viewpoint neutral” approach to issues of free speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:11:25] What was the response to your hunger strike, right? I mean, did you get the response that you anticipated?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:11:35] Well, I’d say the response from the students and the community at large has been very positive. Again, I think people really see that they don’t want to be a part of a mass starvation campaign. From the university, their reaction was no more than sending me a nice letter saying, well, you’ve been reported to the Department of Education as part of the so-called anti-Semitism lawsuit. Have a nice day. And that was basically the only response I ever got from the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:12:00] And you’re referring to the story that came out in September about UC Berkeley sending the names of more than 150 students and faculty to the Trump administration as part of its investigation into alleged antisemitism on UC Berkeley’s campus and other universities around the country. Do you remember where you were when you learned that your name was shared\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:12:25] I was somewhere in the hunger strike. I was like day 12 or something like that. I don’t remember exactly where I was, but I do remember that the reaction I had was just not surprised at all. I think it’s very clear to me that the only reason why my name is on there has nothing to do with antisemitism and everything to do with the fact that I’m outspoken about Palestine and that I’ve talked about it before. I mean, with the Trump administration, we already know that they weaponized antisemitism to crack down on pro-Palestinian speech. I’m a lecturer in the CS department at UC Berkeley, I am on day 22 of a hunger strike to protest Israel’s starvation and stage five famine and genocide in Gaza. In the statement that I made to the UC regions where I went and told them that they had just reported me and that I wasn’t very pleased about it, I told them this action that they decided to take, it puts my safety at risk and it puts the safety of my family at risk. My family and I are a word for our safety because my name has been sold out to the Trump administration. And we’ve seen what they’ve done to try and crack down on pro-Palestinian speech. I call on the… You see what the Trump administration does when they want to suppress speech. They will abduct people off the streets. They will try and cancel people’s visas and try and deport them just for speaking out about Palestine. And not even doing any sort of action, just like talking about it is enough to get you deported or abducted or thrown into ice prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:13:44] You decided to stop your hunger strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:13:48] Yeah, well, that was sort of on advice from the people who helped organize the hunger strike behind the scenes, like medical teams and things like that. And they said that if you go any longer, there’s going to be permanent damage to your health. And that’s why we made the difficult decision to stop. But as I stop, I’m very well aware that I have a choice to stop and one of the things we’ve transitioned toward as we sort of left the hunger strike as an action and started to move toward other actions, we launched this fundraiser for someone we found in Gaza. So we threw some organizations we met up with someone in Gaza named Nadal Mohammed, and Nadal Mohammad and his team, they are providing food and water and basic care to these displaced families that are arriving at the camps in central Gaza. So we started this fundraiser because Nadal mentioned, we really just need money right now to afford the astronomical prices of food and Water. And while I had the choice to stop and I had resources to help me recover, people in Gaza don’t have those resources. And the best thing we can do now is to mitigate that by giving them at least some limited resource to find some relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:14:55] What do you think your hunger strike accomplished?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:14:57] I think the hunger strike accomplished a lot of things and I want to credit the organizers who worked tirelessly behind the scenes to make it happen as well. This is not a one-person action. It started a conversation because now you have these people saying, well, did you hear about this hunger strike thing that’s going on and well, why is he on hunger strike? You know, like what’s that all about? It’s about the ongoing starvation that’s happening in Gaza. And so I think it launched a lot conversations that I hope continue past the end of the hunger strike.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For 38 days, UC Berkeley computer science lecturer Peyrin Kao taught classes while on a hunger strike for Palestine. He’s also one of 150 people whose names were sent by UC Berkeley to the Trump Administration for its investigation into alleged antisemitism — an investigation that critics say is meant to silence opposition to Israel’s invasion and siege of Gaza.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5206190486&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ci>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/i>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This transcript is computer-generated. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:02:33] So you’ve been a lecturer for, you’ve here for nine years, you said a lecturer for how long?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:02:38] I’ve been teaching for eight years total, but I’ve been a full-time lecturer here for three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:02:42] And what kind of classes do you have?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:02:45] Yeah, so like this semester I’m teaching the kind of intro to artificial intelligence class. It’s one of the classes I’m teaching. So just I’ve also taught like the computer security class, the computer networking class. So yeah, you kind of get tossed around a bit as a lecturer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:02:58] Computer science, it’s not typically the kind of subject that I might imagine typically engaging with subjects like Palestine, the war in Gaza. When did you first feel the need to speak out about what’s happening in Gaza?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:03:13] To me, the reason why it’s so important to speak out about this topic in particular, and the reason I’m saying this is because sometimes people will say, well, you’re really outspoken about this issue, but why aren’t you outspoking about the crackdown on immigrants or the attempt to erase transgender people? And it’s like, these are also really important issues that we should be talking about. And one of the reasons that I felt the need to speak about Palestine in particular is because this is an issue where the information war angle and the disinformation angle. Is such a big part of the reason why the genocide can go on. Being pumped into our social media feeds, into our conversations here in the United States to try and dehumanize Palestinians to say, well, they’re not starving, that’s fake. Talking about this one issue is important because to me I think it’s one of the biggest moral issues of our time. But then it allows us to open up other conversations about how our tech is being used not just to fuel genocide in Gaza, but how it’s being used. To track and surveil immigrants here in the U.S. And you can start making these connections if you start talking about topics like this. So to me, that’s why it’s so important to speak up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:04:19] It sounds like you think that this conversation is very much part of what your students in computer science should be learning right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:04:28] Right, exactly, and not only are these things that our students have to reckon with as they go into the workforce, a lot of the companies that our university and our department have close connections with are the companies that are directly complicit in Israeli genocide. Google and Amazon, these are companies that are students often go to work for, or they strive to work for Google or Amazon, and they come to our campus, and they do recruiting and career fairs and things like that. And it’s important to remember that these companies, even if they try to launder their reputation, they’re very much complicit in the genocide. And it is important to have these conversations to say, well, wait a minute, if you go and work for these companies where is your labor going? And when you’re building these things, like what is it being used for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:05:14] Was there a point in the last two years where you made the decision to really speak out about this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:05:21] The first time that I brought it up in the workplace was actually November of 2023, when I talked to students about it after a class and the department wasn’t super happy with me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:05:32] Uh, at this point, uh, 61B Electra is over, by the way, like, if you want to go, you can go. But since this is my last chance to talk to you all, and also you all out in the recording in the world, uh, I have a couple things I want to say, and I just want to make it clear that this is, like only on my behalf. So, like nobody on 61B…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:05:50] They called it political advocacy or something like that. But really what it was, was an acknowledgement that, one, there is a genocide going on, something that has since been validated by… Genocide scholars and by human rights organizations, but also to have students think critically. Like, the U.S. Is the biggest backer of Israel and its current bombing campaign in Gaza, okay? Like, my tax dollars are being used to fund the bombing of children, hospitals, schools, universities, okay, safe zones. And so, as someone who is funding this, I think I have a right to say something against it. If you’re going to learn all these tools to write these programs and train these large AI models, what are those going to be used for? Are they going to used to mass surveil Palestinians in the West Bank and in Gaza? These are things that we have to be thinking critically about and I don’t think it’s necessarily political advocacy or that it’s controversial to say that we should have those conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:06:58] Tell me a little bit more about the reaction that you got from both students and, I mean, I’m also curious your department and also the university at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:07:09] And I would say the student reaction was largely positive. People want to talk about this because it’s such an important thing to talk about and not suppress it and say, Oh, you can’t even talk about it because that’s what the department did. They shut it down and they said, you’re not allowed to talk about this. They told all the students and they. Oh, what your instructor did was inappropriate. And, you know, he’s going to get in trouble for it and you should report him. This was sort of like record now that says, Oh well, you know, this guy got in trouble for a political advocacy. And they basically made it clear in no uncertain terms that if you do it again. You know, we’re not going to be very thrilled about it. And I would also mention that as a lecturer, I’m hired on year to year contracts. So I don’t have the same sort of job security that tenured faculty do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:07:52] In an email to KQED, UC Berkeley Assistant Vice Chancellor Dan Mogulof said the school always takes a quote, viewpoint neutral approach when it comes to supporting freedom of expression. Mogulof says staff and faculty speaking for themselves and on their own time have every right to voice their beliefs, but that it’s a different story in the classroom. When it came to Peyrin Kao’s lecture in November of 2023, Mogulof pointed to UC policy, which requires its universities to be non-partisan and quote, prohibits faculty from using the classroom or class time as venues or opportunities for political advocacy or indoctrination. One way you really pushed is you decided to go on a hunger strike. What was the goal of the hunger strike and when did you start that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:08:57] Yeah, the hunger strike started on the first day of class, which was August 27th, and it lasted until October 3rd or 4th, which was 38 days in. There were lots of different reasons we went into it, but one reason I think is, again, there’s this dehumanization of Palestinians that goes on, and that means that when Palestinians die, it’s written like a statistic. It doesn’t even read like these are people, but they are people. That’s someone’s mother, that’s someone child, that’s someones doctor, that someone’s nurse. One of the goals of launching an action, like a hunger strike specifically, is to bring that starvation to Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:09:32] Effective today to protest this genocide, I am launching an open-ended hunger strike, and I call on all CSTech workers, students, and educators to do everything they can to stop the atrocities happening with our taxpayer dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:09:47] So that when people interact with me, you know, out on the street, or at a protest, or in the classroom, at office hours. They have to see someone starving in front of them and remember, well, the people that I see starving in Gaza, they’re just like this person that’s right in front of me and I mean, right around the time the hunger strike started, we read that one of the people that starved to death in Gaza. I looked at their job and it said university lecturer and that really hit me and it made me think, well, wait a minute, like that could have been me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:10:18] During the hunger strike, Kao pledged to live on a starvation diet of 250 calories per day. Organizers say that number mirrors the average amount of food available to Palestinians in Northern Gaza, based on a 2024 report by Oxfam. Kao vowed to remain on strike until the UC Berkeley administration met four demands. Which include acknowledging Israel’s occupation and genocide of Palestinians, as well as the university’s role in developing war technologies. He also asked that the university pledge to avoid any kind of relationship with the military and to create standards and practices around funding that aligned with international human rights law. When asked for comment about Kao’s hunger strike, UC Berkeley reiterated its “viewpoint neutral” approach to issues of free speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:11:25] What was the response to your hunger strike, right? I mean, did you get the response that you anticipated?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:11:35] Well, I’d say the response from the students and the community at large has been very positive. Again, I think people really see that they don’t want to be a part of a mass starvation campaign. From the university, their reaction was no more than sending me a nice letter saying, well, you’ve been reported to the Department of Education as part of the so-called anti-Semitism lawsuit. Have a nice day. And that was basically the only response I ever got from the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:12:00] And you’re referring to the story that came out in September about UC Berkeley sending the names of more than 150 students and faculty to the Trump administration as part of its investigation into alleged antisemitism on UC Berkeley’s campus and other universities around the country. Do you remember where you were when you learned that your name was shared\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:12:25] I was somewhere in the hunger strike. I was like day 12 or something like that. I don’t remember exactly where I was, but I do remember that the reaction I had was just not surprised at all. I think it’s very clear to me that the only reason why my name is on there has nothing to do with antisemitism and everything to do with the fact that I’m outspoken about Palestine and that I’ve talked about it before. I mean, with the Trump administration, we already know that they weaponized antisemitism to crack down on pro-Palestinian speech. I’m a lecturer in the CS department at UC Berkeley, I am on day 22 of a hunger strike to protest Israel’s starvation and stage five famine and genocide in Gaza. In the statement that I made to the UC regions where I went and told them that they had just reported me and that I wasn’t very pleased about it, I told them this action that they decided to take, it puts my safety at risk and it puts the safety of my family at risk. My family and I are a word for our safety because my name has been sold out to the Trump administration. And we’ve seen what they’ve done to try and crack down on pro-Palestinian speech. I call on the… You see what the Trump administration does when they want to suppress speech. They will abduct people off the streets. They will try and cancel people’s visas and try and deport them just for speaking out about Palestine. And not even doing any sort of action, just like talking about it is enough to get you deported or abducted or thrown into ice prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:13:44] You decided to stop your hunger strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:13:48] Yeah, well, that was sort of on advice from the people who helped organize the hunger strike behind the scenes, like medical teams and things like that. And they said that if you go any longer, there’s going to be permanent damage to your health. And that’s why we made the difficult decision to stop. But as I stop, I’m very well aware that I have a choice to stop and one of the things we’ve transitioned toward as we sort of left the hunger strike as an action and started to move toward other actions, we launched this fundraiser for someone we found in Gaza. So we threw some organizations we met up with someone in Gaza named Nadal Mohammed, and Nadal Mohammad and his team, they are providing food and water and basic care to these displaced families that are arriving at the camps in central Gaza. So we started this fundraiser because Nadal mentioned, we really just need money right now to afford the astronomical prices of food and Water. And while I had the choice to stop and I had resources to help me recover, people in Gaza don’t have those resources. And the best thing we can do now is to mitigate that by giving them at least some limited resource to find some relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:14:55] What do you think your hunger strike accomplished?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peyrin Kao \u003c/strong>[00:14:57] I think the hunger strike accomplished a lot of things and I want to credit the organizers who worked tirelessly behind the scenes to make it happen as well. This is not a one-person action. It started a conversation because now you have these people saying, well, did you hear about this hunger strike thing that’s going on and well, why is he on hunger strike? You know, like what’s that all about? It’s about the ongoing starvation that’s happening in Gaza. And so I think it launched a lot conversations that I hope continue past the end of the hunger strike.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Newsom Warns California Universities Not to ‘Sell Out’ by Signing On to Trump Demands",
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"content": "\u003cp>WASHINGTON (AP) — Gov. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gavin-newsom\">Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> warned California universities on Thursday that their state funding would be cut off if they agree to a White House proposal to commit to President Donald Trump’s political priorities in exchange for more favorable access to federal money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A document sent to nine major universities nationwide, including the University of Southern California, encourages them to adopt the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/columbia-university-settlement-trump-harvard-526cefc6623d3572605d3e792ac19682\">White House’s vision\u003c/a> for America’s campuses, with commitments to accept the government’s priorities on \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-race-college-admissions-executive-order-9fe070750d31879b24800032a013659d\">admissions\u003c/a>, women’s sports, free speech, student discipline and college affordability, among other topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Signing on would give universities “multiple positive benefits,” including “substantial and meaningful federal grants” and “increased overhead payments where feasible,” according to a letter sent to universities alongside the compact. The letter calls it a proactive effort as the administration continues to investigate alleged civil rights violations at U.S. campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Called the “Compact for Academic Excellence in Higher Education,” it asks universities to accept the government’s definition of gender and apply it to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025068/sf-leaders-vow-to-protect-transgender-students-after-latest-trump-threat-to-withhold-funding\">campus bathrooms\u003c/a>, locker rooms and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12047432/us-sues-california-over-its-refusal-to-ban-transgender-athletes-from-girls-sports\">women’s sports teams\u003c/a>. It asks colleges to stop considering race, gender and a wide range of student demographics in the admissions process and to require undergraduate applicants to take the SAT or ACT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said if any universities in California sign the compact, they will “instantly” lose access to state funding, including Cal Grants, a $2.8 billion student financial aid program. In an all-capital statement, Newsom, a Democrat, said California “will not bankroll schools that sell out their students, professors, researchers, and surrender academic freedom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House’s 10-page proposed agreement was sent Wednesday to some of the most selective public and private universities: USC, Vanderbilt, the University of Pennsylvania, Dartmouth College, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of Texas, the University of Arizona, Brown University and the University of Virginia. It was not clear how these schools were selected or why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nine universities could become “initial signatories” and are being invited to provide feedback before the language is finalized, according to the letter. It asks for a decision by Nov. 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>White House takes a new, incentive-based approach\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The memo represents a shift in strategy as the administration offers a reward — not just punishment — as an incentive for adopting Trump’s political wish list. Many of the demands mirror those made by his administration as it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040506/what-losing-billions-in-federal-grants-means-for-universities-and-the-nation\">slashed billions of dollars\u003c/a> in federal money for Harvard, Columbia and others accused of liberal bias. A federal judge \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/harvard-trump-federal-funding-bdde8f529f01b96d5521d0e248e8fc6c\">overturned cuts\u003c/a> at Harvard in September, saying the government had overstepped its authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several universities said they were reviewing the compact and had no comment. A statement from the University of Virginia said there was nothing to suggest why it was chosen. The university’s interim president assembled a group of administrators on Thursday to review the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders of the Texas system were “honored” that the Austin campus was chosen to be a part of the compact and its “potential funding advantages,” according to a statement from Kevin Eltife, chair of the Board of Regents. “Today we welcome the new opportunity presented to us and we look forward to working with the Trump Administration on it,” Eltife said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Colleges would have restrictions on international enrollment and tuition hikes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the compact, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12051638/fearing-deportation-international-students-go-silent-at-californias-universities\">international enrollment\u003c/a> would have to be capped at 15% of a college’s undergraduate student body, and no more than 5% could come from a single country. All the universities invited to the compact appear to be within the 15% threshold, though Dartmouth and USC are close, at 14%, according to federal data. Many universities do not report breakdowns by individual countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most other U.S. universities also fall within the 15% cap, but about 120 exceed it, including Columbia University, Emory University and Boston University, federal data show.[aside postID=news_12056908 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/230817-UC-BERKELEY-CAMPUS-MD-03-1020x680.jpg']Some of the most sweeping commitments are aimed at promoting conservative viewpoints. Universities would have to ensure their campuses are a “vibrant marketplace of ideas” where no single ideology is dominant, the compact said. They would have to evaluate views among students and faculty to ensure every department reflects a diverse mix of views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accomplish that, it says universities must take steps, including “transforming or abolishing institutional units that purposefully punish, belittle, and even spark violence against conservative ideas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It requires policies meant to counter the kind of protests that roiled U.S. campuses last year amid the Israel-Hamas war. It asks for a commitment to prevent any disruption to classes or campus libraries and to ensure demonstrators don’t heckle other students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campuses that sign the compact would have to freeze tuition for U.S. students for five years, and those with endowments exceeding $2 million per undergraduate could not charge tuition at all for students pursuing “hard science” programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Opponents see a threat to free speech\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ted Mitchell, president of the American Council on Education, urged universities to reject the deal, saying it violates campus independence and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12056908/uc-faculty-escalate-court-battle-against-trump-efforts-to-reshape-higher-education\">undermines free speech\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not worth the compromises that they would have to make,” he said. “This is a Faustian bargain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The compact also drew criticism from free speech groups, faculty associations and from Larry Summers, a former Treasury secretary and Harvard president. Summers said he believes elite universities have lost their way, but he said the compact is like trying to “fix a watch with a hammer — ill conceived and counterproductive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The backlash against its crudity will likely set back necessary reform efforts,” Summers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terms of the deal would be enforced by the Justice Department, with violators losing access to the compact’s benefits for no less than a year. Following violations bump the penalty to two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Institutions of higher education are free to develop models and values other than those below,” the compact said, “if the institution elects to forego federal benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press’ education coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ap.org/about/news-values-and-principles/\">\u003cem>standards\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for working with philanthropies, a \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ap.org/about/supporting-ap/\">\u003cem>list\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>WASHINGTON (AP) — Gov. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gavin-newsom\">Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> warned California universities on Thursday that their state funding would be cut off if they agree to a White House proposal to commit to President Donald Trump’s political priorities in exchange for more favorable access to federal money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A document sent to nine major universities nationwide, including the University of Southern California, encourages them to adopt the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/columbia-university-settlement-trump-harvard-526cefc6623d3572605d3e792ac19682\">White House’s vision\u003c/a> for America’s campuses, with commitments to accept the government’s priorities on \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-race-college-admissions-executive-order-9fe070750d31879b24800032a013659d\">admissions\u003c/a>, women’s sports, free speech, student discipline and college affordability, among other topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Signing on would give universities “multiple positive benefits,” including “substantial and meaningful federal grants” and “increased overhead payments where feasible,” according to a letter sent to universities alongside the compact. The letter calls it a proactive effort as the administration continues to investigate alleged civil rights violations at U.S. campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Called the “Compact for Academic Excellence in Higher Education,” it asks universities to accept the government’s definition of gender and apply it to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025068/sf-leaders-vow-to-protect-transgender-students-after-latest-trump-threat-to-withhold-funding\">campus bathrooms\u003c/a>, locker rooms and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12047432/us-sues-california-over-its-refusal-to-ban-transgender-athletes-from-girls-sports\">women’s sports teams\u003c/a>. It asks colleges to stop considering race, gender and a wide range of student demographics in the admissions process and to require undergraduate applicants to take the SAT or ACT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said if any universities in California sign the compact, they will “instantly” lose access to state funding, including Cal Grants, a $2.8 billion student financial aid program. In an all-capital statement, Newsom, a Democrat, said California “will not bankroll schools that sell out their students, professors, researchers, and surrender academic freedom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House’s 10-page proposed agreement was sent Wednesday to some of the most selective public and private universities: USC, Vanderbilt, the University of Pennsylvania, Dartmouth College, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of Texas, the University of Arizona, Brown University and the University of Virginia. It was not clear how these schools were selected or why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nine universities could become “initial signatories” and are being invited to provide feedback before the language is finalized, according to the letter. It asks for a decision by Nov. 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>White House takes a new, incentive-based approach\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The memo represents a shift in strategy as the administration offers a reward — not just punishment — as an incentive for adopting Trump’s political wish list. Many of the demands mirror those made by his administration as it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040506/what-losing-billions-in-federal-grants-means-for-universities-and-the-nation\">slashed billions of dollars\u003c/a> in federal money for Harvard, Columbia and others accused of liberal bias. A federal judge \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/harvard-trump-federal-funding-bdde8f529f01b96d5521d0e248e8fc6c\">overturned cuts\u003c/a> at Harvard in September, saying the government had overstepped its authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several universities said they were reviewing the compact and had no comment. A statement from the University of Virginia said there was nothing to suggest why it was chosen. The university’s interim president assembled a group of administrators on Thursday to review the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders of the Texas system were “honored” that the Austin campus was chosen to be a part of the compact and its “potential funding advantages,” according to a statement from Kevin Eltife, chair of the Board of Regents. “Today we welcome the new opportunity presented to us and we look forward to working with the Trump Administration on it,” Eltife said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Colleges would have restrictions on international enrollment and tuition hikes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the compact, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12051638/fearing-deportation-international-students-go-silent-at-californias-universities\">international enrollment\u003c/a> would have to be capped at 15% of a college’s undergraduate student body, and no more than 5% could come from a single country. All the universities invited to the compact appear to be within the 15% threshold, though Dartmouth and USC are close, at 14%, according to federal data. Many universities do not report breakdowns by individual countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most other U.S. universities also fall within the 15% cap, but about 120 exceed it, including Columbia University, Emory University and Boston University, federal data show.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some of the most sweeping commitments are aimed at promoting conservative viewpoints. Universities would have to ensure their campuses are a “vibrant marketplace of ideas” where no single ideology is dominant, the compact said. They would have to evaluate views among students and faculty to ensure every department reflects a diverse mix of views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accomplish that, it says universities must take steps, including “transforming or abolishing institutional units that purposefully punish, belittle, and even spark violence against conservative ideas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It requires policies meant to counter the kind of protests that roiled U.S. campuses last year amid the Israel-Hamas war. It asks for a commitment to prevent any disruption to classes or campus libraries and to ensure demonstrators don’t heckle other students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campuses that sign the compact would have to freeze tuition for U.S. students for five years, and those with endowments exceeding $2 million per undergraduate could not charge tuition at all for students pursuing “hard science” programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Opponents see a threat to free speech\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ted Mitchell, president of the American Council on Education, urged universities to reject the deal, saying it violates campus independence and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12056908/uc-faculty-escalate-court-battle-against-trump-efforts-to-reshape-higher-education\">undermines free speech\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not worth the compromises that they would have to make,” he said. “This is a Faustian bargain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The compact also drew criticism from free speech groups, faculty associations and from Larry Summers, a former Treasury secretary and Harvard president. Summers said he believes elite universities have lost their way, but he said the compact is like trying to “fix a watch with a hammer — ill conceived and counterproductive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The backlash against its crudity will likely set back necessary reform efforts,” Summers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terms of the deal would be enforced by the Justice Department, with violators losing access to the compact’s benefits for no less than a year. Following violations bump the penalty to two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Institutions of higher education are free to develop models and values other than those below,” the compact said, “if the institution elects to forego federal benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press’ education coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ap.org/about/news-values-and-principles/\">\u003cem>standards\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for working with philanthropies, a \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ap.org/about/supporting-ap/\">\u003cem>list\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "uc-berkeley-gives-names-to-the-feds-valeros-benicia-refinery-closing-and-waymos-at-the-airport",
"title": "UC Berkeley Gives Names to the Feds, Valero's Benicia Refinery Closing, and Robotaxis at the Airport",
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"headTitle": "UC Berkeley Gives Names to the Feds, Valero’s Benicia Refinery Closing, and Robotaxis at the Airport | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"e-91036-text encore-text-body-medium\" data-encore-id=\"text\" data-slate-node=\"element\">\u003cspan data-slate-node=\"text\">\u003cspan class=\"sc-kAyceB grEoze\" data-slate-leaf=\"true\">In this edition of The Bay’s news roundup, Ericka, Jessica, and KQED political correspondent Guy Marzorati discuss UC Berkeley’s decision to hand over more than 150 names to the Trump administration as part of a federal investigation into antisemitism. Plus, the Valero refinery in Benicia is on track to close, and Waymo driverless cars could be en route to the San Francisco and San José airports soon.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-encore-id=\"text\" data-slate-node=\"element\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC3550539483\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"e-91036-text encore-text-body-medium\" data-encore-id=\"text\" data-slate-node=\"element\">\u003cspan data-slate-node=\"text\">\u003cspan class=\"sc-kAyceB grEoze\" data-slate-leaf=\"true\">\u003cstrong>Links:\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"sc-gsFSXq jSVEKt\" data-slate-node=\"element\" data-slate-fragment=\"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\">\n\u003cli data-slate-node=\"element\">\u003ca class=\"e-91036-text-link e-91036-baseline e-91036-overflow-wrap-anywhere encore-internal-color-text-announcement e-91036-text-link--use-focus sc-kpDqfm ejcycC\" href=\"https://www.dailycal.org/news/campus/uc-berkeley-turns-over-personal-information-of-more-than-150-students-and-staff-to-federal/article_a4aad3e1-bbba-42cc-92d7-a7964d9641c5.html\" data-encore-id=\"textLink\" data-slate-node=\"element\" data-slate-inline=\"true\">\u003cspan data-slate-node=\"text\">\u003cspan class=\"sc-kAyceB grEoze\" data-slate-leaf=\"true\">UC Berkeley turns over personal information of more than 150 students and staff to federal government\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli data-slate-node=\"element\">\u003ca class=\"e-91036-text-link e-91036-baseline e-91036-overflow-wrap-anywhere encore-internal-color-text-announcement e-91036-text-link--use-focus sc-kpDqfm ejcycC\" href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/benicial-valero-refinery-21051229.php\" data-encore-id=\"textLink\" data-slate-node=\"element\" data-slate-inline=\"true\">\u003cspan data-slate-node=\"text\">\u003cspan class=\"sc-kAyceB grEoze\" data-slate-leaf=\"true\">Major Bay Area refinery on track to close, city official says\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli data-slate-node=\"element\">\u003ca class=\"e-91036-text-link e-91036-baseline e-91036-overflow-wrap-anywhere encore-internal-color-text-announcement e-91036-text-link--use-focus sc-kpDqfm ejcycC\" href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/waymo-sfo-robotaxi-fleet-21050019.php\" data-encore-id=\"textLink\" data-slate-node=\"element\" data-slate-inline=\"true\">\u003cspan data-slate-node=\"text\">\u003cspan class=\"sc-kAyceB grEoze\" data-slate-leaf=\"true\">Waymo wins approval to pick up passengers at SFO, its robotaxis will start with human drivers\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ci>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/i>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:38] \u003c/em>I’m Ericka Cruz Guevara, and welcome to the Bay Local News to keep you rooted. And welcome to our September news roundup, where we talk about some of the other stories that we’ve been following this month. I am joined by Jessica Kariisa, our producer. Hey, Jessica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:54] \u003c/em>Hey, Ericka.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:55] \u003c/em>And our very special guest this month, Guy Marzorotti, politics and government correspondent for KQED. What’s up, Guy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:02] \u003c/em>Hey, thanks for having me\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:03] \u003c/em>Thank you so much for being here. I am sitting here with two San Jose folks, South Bay folks. I take it you guys didn’t feel the earthquake, which had its epicenter in Berkeley. No, I definitely didn’t fell it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:21] \u003c/em>No, that was a fantastic night of sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:24] \u003c/em>I am curious. So I felt it, and I feel like a lot of people in my circles are just talking about it and freaking out about it. Are people in your orbits talking about the earthquake?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:35] \u003c/em>I was in the office the next day and there was a lot of buzz about it. It didn’t stand out to me statistically as like, oh, this is a massive number. But yeah, maybe it was just, you know, when it landed, people were talking about it\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:50] \u003c/em>Yeah, Jessica, you and I on Wednesday picked up emergency kits. So is it, it was on your mind, it seems like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:58] \u003c/em>It’s always been on my mind since I moved to California, to be honest with you, I just was aware of earthquakes being a possibility. So even though living in San Jose, I haven’t really felt much. I think there was one that was like really, really tiny. I just wanna be prepared. So I did pick up that go bag and it’s underneath my bed, ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:18] \u003c/em>Yeah, I have to say that even though I felt the earthquake, I definitely woke up and then immediately went back to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:28] \u003c/em>Yeah, no, I feel like that you have that like sense as working in news of like, okay, is this, does this meet the scale if I need to fully get out of bed? Like I remember that about the Napa earthquake. It was like, okay, this is not just a like roll back over type of shake. So yeah, your senses were on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:44] \u003c/em>But definitely a California girl a little too used to it. I guess we could just dive right into the stories that we’ve been following this month. I’m gonna stick here in Berkeley with my story actually, which is a story about UC Berkeley where earlier this month, the university confirmed that it sent the names of 160 students, staff and faculty members over to the federal government for its investigation into anti-Semitism on campus. Individuals were notified that their personal info was shared with the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights earlier this month. And it’s drawn, as you can imagine, lots of criticism from folks who say that this is a violation of academic freedom and puts a lot of people at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:45] \u003c/em>So why is this happening? Could you tell us a bit more about this investigation?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:50] \u003c/em>Yeah, so Cal is the subject of several federal investigations right now. It’s one of 60 universities facing a civil rights investigation into how the university handles complaints and allegations of anti-Semitism and or discrimination on campus. And these investigations really came out of the campus protests that we saw last summer over Israel’s war in Gaza. The university spokesperson said that its decision to share these names was really just in compliance with this federal investigation and its legal obligation to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:29] \u003c/em>So why these specific people? What was the federal government looking for about these specific folks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:37] \u003c/em>So the San Francisco Chronicle got a hold of this letter that had been shared with each person whose name and information had been with the federal government. And the letter notes that the Federal Office of Civil Rights quote, required production of comprehensive documents, including files and reports related to alleged anti-Semitic incidents, unquote. There isn’t a ton of information about why these specific people had their names given to the federal government, but one grad student who got one of these letters from the university told the Daily Cal that they feel like the move seems to be targeting Arab and Muslim individuals who had expressed support for Palestine. If you recall, there were these protests on campus last summer. And there’s a feeling that many of the folks involved in that were among those targeted by this investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:44] \u003c/em>Yeah, I mean, I think a lot of us know the history of UC Berkeley as this center of student protests and just a lot of activism. What’s been the response? I can’t imagine that people are just sort of taking this lying down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:01] \u003c/em>Yeah, I mean, you’re hearing a lot of folks saying that this effectively represses folks’ First Amendment rights. There’s petitions circulating, including one that’s been signed by 600 university professors from around the world and professors who have worked with faculty at Cal saying that they’re truly concerned about the decision to share these names, these professors. Acknowledge that Berkeley has an obligation to comply with this federal investigation. But they criticized how those names were shared, specifically that the folks whose names were shared didn’t really have a chance to dispute the information that the university had collected on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:49] \u003c/em>OK, so I know UC has a new president. How has he been kind of factoring into all this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:55] \u003c/em>So I will say that UC Berkeley said that their decision to comply with these federal investigations was made by the University of California’s system-wide office of the general counsel. And so now there is a national coalition that’s calling for the removal of the head of the UC. That’s President James Millikan. And the petition is basically describing the UC’s move as a violation of academic freedom. And so some folks are looking to hold someone accountable for this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:30] \u003c/em>Wow, just a few months in already on the hot seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:33] \u003c/em>Right, intense time to run colleges, I guess, for anyone in that job. Well, that is it for my story this month. We’re going to take a quick break. But when we come back, we’ll talk about some of the other stories that we’ve been following this month Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:46] \u003c/em>And welcome back to the Bay September News Roundup where we talk about some of the other stories that we’ve been following this month. Our special guest, Guy, we’re gonna turn to you. I know you got a story on the biggest economic driver in Benicia closing down for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:03] \u003c/em>Yes. So this is, you know, we’ve been following the saga I know you have on the Bay about the closure announcement from the Valero refinery in Benicia. And there’s a reporting in the San Francisco Chronicle by Julie Johnson that this refinery in Benisia is on track to close. There has been a lot of effort since Valero made this announcement to like keep the refinery open. Because when you combine that refinery closing with another refinery and LA closing, there could be like 20% of the state’s fuel refining capacity just gone overnight. So there’s been a lot of efforts to counteract that. There were some bills signed by the governor earlier this month to increase oil drilling in the state. But then we have this reporting in the San Francisco Chronicle where the city manager of Benicia said, quote, it seems there is now no path that remains for Valero to remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:55] \u003c/em>I mean, why is that guy after all that effort, after all this hubbub around trying to keep this thing open, the worries about the impact on Benicia, why couldn’t they make it happen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:10:07] \u003c/em>I think this is something very immediate, right? This is a company that decided dollars and cents is not working for us. We’re gonna close our doors. I’ve heard about there have been some efforts to literally do like a bailout package, like literally have the state just give money to Valero to keep their refinery open because we are talking about jobs, talking about impact to the local city economy. That never came to fruition. And I think in absence of that, Valero made the decision, look, this still just doesn’t work for us and we’re gonna, you know. Close up our doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:10:38] \u003c/em>I mean, with two refineries in the state closing, does that mean that our gas is gonna get more expensive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:10:45] \u003c/em>I think that’s the big fear, right? To counteract that, I think there is more and more conversation about bringing in fuel from elsewhere, right. Like, you know, California, it’s often described as like islands for fuel production because we have these really strict standards. We can’t necessarily import from other states. And so as you see the decline in actual like oil being drilled in California, it has to come from somewhere because even as there’s less demand for fuel in the state, people are still driving, right. California is still a state where people drive a lot. So I think the conversation might turn to like, can we import more of this? The thing that I’m really curious about is the impact on like the local city economies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:26] \u003c/em>Mm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:27] \u003c/em>Because I think it’s often like, okay, well, what about the people that are gonna work at the refineries, you know, what’s gonna happen to their jobs? I read this interview with the head of the refinery in LA and he’s like, oh, basically everyone from this refinery can find a job pretty easily. Like they’re getting new employment. But this Chronicle story says that Benicia will lose more than $10 million in taxes out of a $60 million budget when Valero closes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:53] \u003c/em>Yeah, I was gonna ask about that guy because I know that Valera was a major economic engine in the city of Benicia. I mean, what has the reaction from the local community been?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:06] \u003c/em>Yeah, I mean, it really seems like a scramble right now. Like there’s work being done to try to figure out, okay, how to, you know, prop up local businesses. But one city council member who’s quoted in this story said, we have a lot of businesses in Venetia where Valero is their only client. They might make a specific piece or part or some complicated refining equipment that’s really only built to serve Valero. So what is that business supposed to do right now? And when you talk about like the budget impact, yeah, you lose that much money overnight. Like how are you gonna pay the police, the fire, the like, you know, clean up people’s streets, fix the roads, all of that I think suddenly becomes like a really urgent question for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:49] \u003c/em>I’m curious too though, like at a statewide level, knowing that we’re a state that wants to move away from fossil fuels, how does the closing of this refinery like square with that? Like, does that get us closer to the goal in a weird way?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:06] \u003c/em>Yeah, I think it’s like, it’s a really delicate dance that the state is doing because they are pushing away from petroleum and they’re pushing towards like clean energy. At the same time, we still have a demand for those products and we still have, you know, people who are driving up to the pump every day and looking at the price and that’s affecting, you who they might vote for. So I think that when people say like, California is in mid-transition, like we are literally. In the middle of this transition and nowhere else is experiencing it like we are. Like people talk about, oh, climate change is coming, like we’re living it with wildfires and everything. We’re also living like what it means to transition away from fossil fuels. And it’s, you know, it’s kind of crazy being like living in the middle an experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:53] \u003c/em>Crazy way to think about it, guy. But it’s true and I guess it means that like whatever happens in Benicia over the next few months and years is gonna be something to like really watch closely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:06] \u003c/em>And I feel like there’s gonna be thousands of Benicas across the country in the next like few decades. So yeah, what happens here is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:14] \u003c/em>Well, guy, thank you so much for bringing that story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:16] \u003c/em>Yeah, absolutely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:22] \u003c/em>And last but not least, producer Jessica Kariisa, you brought a story about Waymo coming to an airport near you real soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:31] \u003c/em>Yes, living in San Jose, I don’t see a lot of Waymos, but I’m about to see Waymo. I thought about that on the train and I delivered. Yes. I wasn’t ready. Anyways, yes, Waymos are coming to the airport. They were first approved at San Jose’s airport, my airport of choice earlier this month. And then soon after SFO followed up. And so there isn’t an exact date, but. Waymos will be coming to the airports in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:15:04] \u003c/em>Why exactly. Is this happening?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:15:08] \u003c/em>Well, I mean, yeah. Like around KQED, we’re in the mission. We see Waymos all the time. We know that it’s a thing here. It’s become like a tourist attraction. And I think with a lot of big events coming to the Bay Area next year, namely the Super Bowl and the World Cup, San Jose and San Francisco want to capitalize on like another tourist experience for people coming into the city. And also Waymo was always gonna roll out across the Bay Area. Its plan is to expand in general. And so I think, you know, this is one step as they get closer to more penetration in other parts of the Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:15:46] \u003c/em>I remember when Uber and Lyft, like when they were first trying to go to SFO and go to airports, it was like a huge deal. And it was a big fight with all the taxi drivers, a lot of the unions. Is there any opposition now this time around to these companies trying to create a foothold at the airports?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:03] \u003c/em>According to the reporting that I’ve seen in the Standard and the Chronicle, I haven’t heard of any opposition. There’s already rideshare options at the airport. This will just be an addition to that. And Waymo released a report back in March saying that there were over 13,000 searches for SFO in their app. And also there were 700 people that downloaded the app while at the airports. So, you know, it almost just kind of feels inevitable. I think we had the big sort of push and opposition when rideshare first emerged. But with Waymo, it’s just another option, you now. So just pick which one you prefer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:44] \u003c/em>Yeah, I remember that guy. Like it doesn’t feel that long ago when we were talking about like taxi medallions and people feeling really upset about, you know, paying a ton of money to have those and be able to drive folks from the airport. And now we’re talking about driverless cars at the airport, what is the timeline here, Jessica? Like how soon, I guess, are people gonna see Waymo’s at the airports?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:17:13] \u003c/em>Yeah, so we just know that it’s gonna be this year. At San Jose, they did testing last summer. At SFO, they’re gonna start off with a testing phase where there’ll be a human in the car, a safety driver is what they call it. And then after that, they are gonna open up the rides to Waymo employees and airport staff. And then, after that it’ll open up to everybody else. We don’t have an exact date yet, but that’s the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:17:42] \u003c/em>Well, Jessica, thank you so much for bringing that story. Thank you so. And that is it for our September news roundup. Thank you so much to producer Jessica Kariisa for joining me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:17:55] \u003c/em>Thank you, Ericka.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:17:57] \u003c/em>And Guy Marzorati, politics and government correspondent for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:18:00] \u003c/em>Thanks for having me.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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Plus, the Valero refinery in Benicia is on track to close, and Waymo driverless cars could be en route to the San Francisco and San José airports soon.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-encore-id=\"text\" data-slate-node=\"element\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC3550539483\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"e-91036-text encore-text-body-medium\" data-encore-id=\"text\" data-slate-node=\"element\">\u003cspan data-slate-node=\"text\">\u003cspan class=\"sc-kAyceB grEoze\" data-slate-leaf=\"true\">\u003cstrong>Links:\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"sc-gsFSXq jSVEKt\" data-slate-node=\"element\" 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href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/benicial-valero-refinery-21051229.php\" data-encore-id=\"textLink\" data-slate-node=\"element\" data-slate-inline=\"true\">\u003cspan data-slate-node=\"text\">\u003cspan class=\"sc-kAyceB grEoze\" data-slate-leaf=\"true\">Major Bay Area refinery on track to close, city official says\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli data-slate-node=\"element\">\u003ca class=\"e-91036-text-link e-91036-baseline e-91036-overflow-wrap-anywhere encore-internal-color-text-announcement e-91036-text-link--use-focus sc-kpDqfm ejcycC\" href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/waymo-sfo-robotaxi-fleet-21050019.php\" data-encore-id=\"textLink\" data-slate-node=\"element\" data-slate-inline=\"true\">\u003cspan data-slate-node=\"text\">\u003cspan class=\"sc-kAyceB grEoze\" data-slate-leaf=\"true\">Waymo wins approval to pick up passengers at SFO, its robotaxis will start with human drivers\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ci>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/i>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:38] \u003c/em>I’m Ericka Cruz Guevara, and welcome to the Bay Local News to keep you rooted. And welcome to our September news roundup, where we talk about some of the other stories that we’ve been following this month. I am joined by Jessica Kariisa, our producer. Hey, Jessica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:54] \u003c/em>Hey, Ericka.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:55] \u003c/em>And our very special guest this month, Guy Marzorotti, politics and government correspondent for KQED. What’s up, Guy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:02] \u003c/em>Hey, thanks for having me\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:03] \u003c/em>Thank you so much for being here. I am sitting here with two San Jose folks, South Bay folks. I take it you guys didn’t feel the earthquake, which had its epicenter in Berkeley. No, I definitely didn’t fell it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:21] \u003c/em>No, that was a fantastic night of sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:24] \u003c/em>I am curious. So I felt it, and I feel like a lot of people in my circles are just talking about it and freaking out about it. Are people in your orbits talking about the earthquake?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:35] \u003c/em>I was in the office the next day and there was a lot of buzz about it. It didn’t stand out to me statistically as like, oh, this is a massive number. But yeah, maybe it was just, you know, when it landed, people were talking about it\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:50] \u003c/em>Yeah, Jessica, you and I on Wednesday picked up emergency kits. So is it, it was on your mind, it seems like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:58] \u003c/em>It’s always been on my mind since I moved to California, to be honest with you, I just was aware of earthquakes being a possibility. So even though living in San Jose, I haven’t really felt much. I think there was one that was like really, really tiny. I just wanna be prepared. So I did pick up that go bag and it’s underneath my bed, ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:18] \u003c/em>Yeah, I have to say that even though I felt the earthquake, I definitely woke up and then immediately went back to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:28] \u003c/em>Yeah, no, I feel like that you have that like sense as working in news of like, okay, is this, does this meet the scale if I need to fully get out of bed? Like I remember that about the Napa earthquake. It was like, okay, this is not just a like roll back over type of shake. So yeah, your senses were on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:44] \u003c/em>But definitely a California girl a little too used to it. I guess we could just dive right into the stories that we’ve been following this month. I’m gonna stick here in Berkeley with my story actually, which is a story about UC Berkeley where earlier this month, the university confirmed that it sent the names of 160 students, staff and faculty members over to the federal government for its investigation into anti-Semitism on campus. Individuals were notified that their personal info was shared with the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights earlier this month. And it’s drawn, as you can imagine, lots of criticism from folks who say that this is a violation of academic freedom and puts a lot of people at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:45] \u003c/em>So why is this happening? Could you tell us a bit more about this investigation?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:50] \u003c/em>Yeah, so Cal is the subject of several federal investigations right now. It’s one of 60 universities facing a civil rights investigation into how the university handles complaints and allegations of anti-Semitism and or discrimination on campus. And these investigations really came out of the campus protests that we saw last summer over Israel’s war in Gaza. The university spokesperson said that its decision to share these names was really just in compliance with this federal investigation and its legal obligation to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:29] \u003c/em>So why these specific people? What was the federal government looking for about these specific folks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:37] \u003c/em>So the San Francisco Chronicle got a hold of this letter that had been shared with each person whose name and information had been with the federal government. And the letter notes that the Federal Office of Civil Rights quote, required production of comprehensive documents, including files and reports related to alleged anti-Semitic incidents, unquote. There isn’t a ton of information about why these specific people had their names given to the federal government, but one grad student who got one of these letters from the university told the Daily Cal that they feel like the move seems to be targeting Arab and Muslim individuals who had expressed support for Palestine. If you recall, there were these protests on campus last summer. And there’s a feeling that many of the folks involved in that were among those targeted by this investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:44] \u003c/em>Yeah, I mean, I think a lot of us know the history of UC Berkeley as this center of student protests and just a lot of activism. What’s been the response? I can’t imagine that people are just sort of taking this lying down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:01] \u003c/em>Yeah, I mean, you’re hearing a lot of folks saying that this effectively represses folks’ First Amendment rights. There’s petitions circulating, including one that’s been signed by 600 university professors from around the world and professors who have worked with faculty at Cal saying that they’re truly concerned about the decision to share these names, these professors. Acknowledge that Berkeley has an obligation to comply with this federal investigation. But they criticized how those names were shared, specifically that the folks whose names were shared didn’t really have a chance to dispute the information that the university had collected on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:49] \u003c/em>OK, so I know UC has a new president. How has he been kind of factoring into all this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:55] \u003c/em>So I will say that UC Berkeley said that their decision to comply with these federal investigations was made by the University of California’s system-wide office of the general counsel. And so now there is a national coalition that’s calling for the removal of the head of the UC. That’s President James Millikan. And the petition is basically describing the UC’s move as a violation of academic freedom. And so some folks are looking to hold someone accountable for this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:30] \u003c/em>Wow, just a few months in already on the hot seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:33] \u003c/em>Right, intense time to run colleges, I guess, for anyone in that job. Well, that is it for my story this month. We’re going to take a quick break. But when we come back, we’ll talk about some of the other stories that we’ve been following this month Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:46] \u003c/em>And welcome back to the Bay September News Roundup where we talk about some of the other stories that we’ve been following this month. Our special guest, Guy, we’re gonna turn to you. I know you got a story on the biggest economic driver in Benicia closing down for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:03] \u003c/em>Yes. So this is, you know, we’ve been following the saga I know you have on the Bay about the closure announcement from the Valero refinery in Benicia. And there’s a reporting in the San Francisco Chronicle by Julie Johnson that this refinery in Benisia is on track to close. There has been a lot of effort since Valero made this announcement to like keep the refinery open. Because when you combine that refinery closing with another refinery and LA closing, there could be like 20% of the state’s fuel refining capacity just gone overnight. So there’s been a lot of efforts to counteract that. There were some bills signed by the governor earlier this month to increase oil drilling in the state. But then we have this reporting in the San Francisco Chronicle where the city manager of Benicia said, quote, it seems there is now no path that remains for Valero to remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:55] \u003c/em>I mean, why is that guy after all that effort, after all this hubbub around trying to keep this thing open, the worries about the impact on Benicia, why couldn’t they make it happen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:10:07] \u003c/em>I think this is something very immediate, right? This is a company that decided dollars and cents is not working for us. We’re gonna close our doors. I’ve heard about there have been some efforts to literally do like a bailout package, like literally have the state just give money to Valero to keep their refinery open because we are talking about jobs, talking about impact to the local city economy. That never came to fruition. And I think in absence of that, Valero made the decision, look, this still just doesn’t work for us and we’re gonna, you know. Close up our doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:10:38] \u003c/em>I mean, with two refineries in the state closing, does that mean that our gas is gonna get more expensive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:10:45] \u003c/em>I think that’s the big fear, right? To counteract that, I think there is more and more conversation about bringing in fuel from elsewhere, right. Like, you know, California, it’s often described as like islands for fuel production because we have these really strict standards. We can’t necessarily import from other states. And so as you see the decline in actual like oil being drilled in California, it has to come from somewhere because even as there’s less demand for fuel in the state, people are still driving, right. California is still a state where people drive a lot. So I think the conversation might turn to like, can we import more of this? The thing that I’m really curious about is the impact on like the local city economies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:26] \u003c/em>Mm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:27] \u003c/em>Because I think it’s often like, okay, well, what about the people that are gonna work at the refineries, you know, what’s gonna happen to their jobs? I read this interview with the head of the refinery in LA and he’s like, oh, basically everyone from this refinery can find a job pretty easily. Like they’re getting new employment. But this Chronicle story says that Benicia will lose more than $10 million in taxes out of a $60 million budget when Valero closes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:53] \u003c/em>Yeah, I was gonna ask about that guy because I know that Valera was a major economic engine in the city of Benicia. I mean, what has the reaction from the local community been?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:06] \u003c/em>Yeah, I mean, it really seems like a scramble right now. Like there’s work being done to try to figure out, okay, how to, you know, prop up local businesses. But one city council member who’s quoted in this story said, we have a lot of businesses in Venetia where Valero is their only client. They might make a specific piece or part or some complicated refining equipment that’s really only built to serve Valero. So what is that business supposed to do right now? And when you talk about like the budget impact, yeah, you lose that much money overnight. Like how are you gonna pay the police, the fire, the like, you know, clean up people’s streets, fix the roads, all of that I think suddenly becomes like a really urgent question for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:49] \u003c/em>I’m curious too though, like at a statewide level, knowing that we’re a state that wants to move away from fossil fuels, how does the closing of this refinery like square with that? Like, does that get us closer to the goal in a weird way?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:06] \u003c/em>Yeah, I think it’s like, it’s a really delicate dance that the state is doing because they are pushing away from petroleum and they’re pushing towards like clean energy. At the same time, we still have a demand for those products and we still have, you know, people who are driving up to the pump every day and looking at the price and that’s affecting, you who they might vote for. So I think that when people say like, California is in mid-transition, like we are literally. In the middle of this transition and nowhere else is experiencing it like we are. Like people talk about, oh, climate change is coming, like we’re living it with wildfires and everything. We’re also living like what it means to transition away from fossil fuels. And it’s, you know, it’s kind of crazy being like living in the middle an experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:53] \u003c/em>Crazy way to think about it, guy. But it’s true and I guess it means that like whatever happens in Benicia over the next few months and years is gonna be something to like really watch closely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:06] \u003c/em>And I feel like there’s gonna be thousands of Benicas across the country in the next like few decades. So yeah, what happens here is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:14] \u003c/em>Well, guy, thank you so much for bringing that story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:16] \u003c/em>Yeah, absolutely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:22] \u003c/em>And last but not least, producer Jessica Kariisa, you brought a story about Waymo coming to an airport near you real soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:31] \u003c/em>Yes, living in San Jose, I don’t see a lot of Waymos, but I’m about to see Waymo. I thought about that on the train and I delivered. Yes. I wasn’t ready. Anyways, yes, Waymos are coming to the airport. They were first approved at San Jose’s airport, my airport of choice earlier this month. And then soon after SFO followed up. And so there isn’t an exact date, but. Waymos will be coming to the airports in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:15:04] \u003c/em>Why exactly. Is this happening?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:15:08] \u003c/em>Well, I mean, yeah. Like around KQED, we’re in the mission. We see Waymos all the time. We know that it’s a thing here. It’s become like a tourist attraction. And I think with a lot of big events coming to the Bay Area next year, namely the Super Bowl and the World Cup, San Jose and San Francisco want to capitalize on like another tourist experience for people coming into the city. And also Waymo was always gonna roll out across the Bay Area. Its plan is to expand in general. And so I think, you know, this is one step as they get closer to more penetration in other parts of the Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guy Marzorati: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:15:46] \u003c/em>I remember when Uber and Lyft, like when they were first trying to go to SFO and go to airports, it was like a huge deal. And it was a big fight with all the taxi drivers, a lot of the unions. Is there any opposition now this time around to these companies trying to create a foothold at the airports?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:03] \u003c/em>According to the reporting that I’ve seen in the Standard and the Chronicle, I haven’t heard of any opposition. There’s already rideshare options at the airport. This will just be an addition to that. And Waymo released a report back in March saying that there were over 13,000 searches for SFO in their app. And also there were 700 people that downloaded the app while at the airports. So, you know, it almost just kind of feels inevitable. I think we had the big sort of push and opposition when rideshare first emerged. But with Waymo, it’s just another option, you now. So just pick which one you prefer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:44] \u003c/em>Yeah, I remember that guy. Like it doesn’t feel that long ago when we were talking about like taxi medallions and people feeling really upset about, you know, paying a ton of money to have those and be able to drive folks from the airport. And now we’re talking about driverless cars at the airport, what is the timeline here, Jessica? Like how soon, I guess, are people gonna see Waymo’s at the airports?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:17:13] \u003c/em>Yeah, so we just know that it’s gonna be this year. At San Jose, they did testing last summer. At SFO, they’re gonna start off with a testing phase where there’ll be a human in the car, a safety driver is what they call it. And then after that, they are gonna open up the rides to Waymo employees and airport staff. And then, after that it’ll open up to everybody else. We don’t have an exact date yet, but that’s the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:17:42] \u003c/em>Well, Jessica, thank you so much for bringing that story. Thank you so. And that is it for our September news roundup. Thank you so much to producer Jessica Kariisa for joining me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:17:55] \u003c/em>Thank you, Ericka.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jessica Kariisa: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:17:57] \u003c/em>And Guy Marzorati, politics and government correspondent for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "california-faces-steepest-cuts-as-trump-ends-diversity-grants-how-one-college-is-faring",
"title": "California Faces Steepest Cuts as Trump Ends Diversity Grants. How One College Is Faring",
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"headTitle": "California Faces Steepest Cuts as Trump Ends Diversity Grants. How One College Is Faring | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few weeks, over 100 colleges and universities across \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> will lose access to essential funding for tutoring, academic counseling and other support services aimed at helping Black, Latino, Asian and Native American students succeed in college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change comes after the U.S. Department of Education said earlier this month that it was ending \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/about/news/press-release/us-department-of-education-ends-funding-racially-discriminatory-discretionary-grant-programs-minority-serving-institutions\">a grant program \u003c/a>that supports “minority-serving institutions,” claiming that it illegally favors certain racial or ethnic groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every state will lose money, but the Education Department’s decision hits California hardest. The state receives over a quarter of all of these diversity grants, since it has a high percentage of minority students, especially Latinos, and it has more college campuses than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s community college system could lose $20 million next year as a result of the funding cuts, said Chris Ferguson, who supports finance and strategic relations at the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office. The Cal State University and the University of California systems, which also receive this money, did not respond to questions about the amount of funding at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laney College, located just a few blocks from Oakland’s Chinatown and Little Saignon, has used these federal grants for the past 15 years to run the Asian Pacific American Student Success center on campus, helping students improve their English, build community and find work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1023px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/091225_Laney-College_MO_CM_18-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A person in a dark blazer stands in a covered walkway holding a framed certificate of appreciation with both hands. The background shows a corridor with concrete walls, doors, and bulletin boards.\" width=\"1023\" height=\"682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Director David Lee stands outside the Asian Pacific American Student Success center. Lee will be left without a job at the end of the month due to President Donald Trump’s cuts on funding for minority-serving colleges. Photo by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the end of the month, David Lee, its longtime director, will lose his job. “It’s like a gut punch,” he said, standing in his basement office, which doubles as the Asian student center. All around him are signs of his legacy — posters on the wall from various campus events, photos of students and staff who treat the center as a second home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After CalMatters reached out to the college about the future of the student center, Laney College’s Vice President of Student Services Lily Espinoza sent an email to faculty, saying that the space will continue to be available to students after Lee leaves, although with fewer staff to support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of California’s 116 community colleges, 22 California State University campuses, and 10 UC campuses, about two-thirds receive these diversity grants. Colleges that receive these grants get to decide how they use the money to support students. The grants max out at about $600,000 per school per year.[aside postID=news_12056908 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/230817-UC-BERKELEY-CAMPUS-MD-03-1020x680.jpg']Laney College gets much less than that, though. Lee said the school’s federal grant, about $300,000 a year, supports his salary, the salary of up to three part-time counselors and various expenses for events. The state also provides some money, and the college grants access to the basement office and community space for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center is next to the boiler, which emits a loud humming noise for hours each day. A slanted pole runs through the middle of it, hiding wires and breaking up the space, which can only accommodate a few students at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Lee is proud of the program and the impact it has had. “There’s a lot of history here,” he said. “We’re the only center serving Asian students in Peralta.” Last year, roughly 5,500 Asian students attended one of the four schools in the Peralta Community College District, which includes Laney College, according to state data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his budget for next year, which was released in May, President Trump proposed expanding this federal grant program, known as “minority-serving institutions” grants, but he didn’t say why. Both Republicans and Democrats have long supported the program, especially those who represent states with large Latino populations such as California, Texas and Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump’s support for the program didn’t last long. In June, the attorney general for Tennessee and a legal advocacy group, Students for Fair Admissions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/pr/2025/2025-6-hsi.pdf\">sued\u003c/a> the U.S. Department of Education, claiming that the grant program was discriminatory. In July, the Department of Justice, which is representing the Education Department in the case, told the judge it would not defend against the lawsuit, saying grants to certain minority-serving institutions violate the U.S. Constitution’s prohibition on \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/oip/media/1411811/dl?inline\">discrimination\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1023px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/091225_Laney-College_MO_CM_32-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Office workspace with a large sign reading “APASS Asian and Pacific American Student Success” above cubicles, decorated with international flags, photos, papers, and a gift bag hanging from the cabinet.\" width=\"1023\" height=\"682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Asian Pacific American Student Success center has provided a platform for students to build community and access academic support as they navigate college life. Photo by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Education Department reiterated that reasoning with its decision last week to stop funding minority-serving institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some minority-serving institutions, namely historically Black colleges and tribal colleges, are exempt from the department’s decision. McMahon said last week that she’ll use the money that’s earmarked for minority-serving institutions, especially Hispanic-serving institutions, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/about/news/press-release/us-department-of-education-makes-historic-grant-investments-programs-bolster-educational-outcomes\">redirect\u003c/a> it toward those exempt schools instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision effectively pulls money away from California, which has a high concentration of Hispanic-serving institutions, and moves it to the exempt schools, which are generally located in \u003ca href=\"https://collegefund.org/tribal-colleges-and-universities/\">swing states\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1zx-DKOdr0Mc42eGiC0nJbDBYz96EnJp9&ll=33.73239834721144%2C-86.34591083746132&z=5\">states that voted for Trump in 2024\u003c/a>. While California has many minority-serving institutions, and even one historically Black graduate school, none are recognized as historically Black colleges or official tribal colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The first Mongolian student club\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To be considered a historically Black college, the undergraduate institution must have been established prior to 1964 and have a track record of serving Black students, which is less applicable to a newer state like California. Becoming a registered tribal college is also difficult, even for \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/college-beat/2021/08/california-tribal-colleges/\">schools that might otherwise meet the criteria.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, most other minority-serving schools, including many schools with a high percentage of Black or Native American students, apply for a more general federal grant that only asks the institution to prove that it has less money per-student than the average school in the U.S. and that it serves a diverse population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/091225_Laney-College_MO_CM_30-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"A person sits at a desk in an office, partly hidden by the blurred foreground of another person holding a phone. The individual at the desk rests their hand on their chin while looking toward a computer screen, with stacks of papers, framed certificates, and colorful notes on the wall around them.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Staff assistant Huizhen Joan Su looks at student Narmandakh Suurinburneebaatar as she shows videos from a Mongolian cultural activity. Photos by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Laney College easily qualifies. Its enrollment is almost equally divided among Latino, Asian, Black and white students. The school is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2025/06/california-bay-area-community-colleges-funding-formula/\">struggling financially\u003c/a> under the state’s new community college funding formula, potentially requiring it to merge with another local college in the coming years. Its hard-scrabble reputation was depicted in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wXRJL52ZD8\">2020 Netflix documentary\u003c/a> Last Chance U, which profiled Laney College football players and the issues they faced in addition to their sport — including hunger and caring for their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laney College uses all of its minority-serving institution grant funding for the Asian Pacific American Student Success center. Colleges are typically only eligible for one of these grants, even when it may have numerous communities that need support. Though the center is focused on Asian students, anyone is technically welcome to the services it provides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center is what kept Narmandakh Suurinburneebaatar in school. After moving from Mongolia to Oakland in 2008, she spent years knowing just a few words of English. When she enrolled in an English-language learning course at Laney College in 2013, she wasn’t aware of the Asian student center. She was nervous at the time and struggled to talk with other students and teachers, she said. She dropped out before the end of the semester. She also enrolled in 2016 but dropped out again after the first semester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2022, Laney College offered free classes in light of the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2023/09/community-college-enrollment-3/#:~:text=At%20its%20lowest%20point%20following%20the%20start%20of%20the%20pandemic%2C%20the%20California%20Community%20Colleges%20system%20had%20lost%20just%20over%20417%2C000%20students%2C%20an%2018.5%25%20drop%C2%A0%20compared%20to%20the%202018%2D19%20academic%20year.\">decline in student enrollment \u003c/a>during the COVID-19 pandemic. Suurinburneebaatar’s son had also started moving through the Oakland school system, and she wanted to communicate with his teachers. She re-enrolled again, but this time, a representative from the Asian student center came to her English class, offering interpretation services for Mongolian speakers. It changed her entire trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1023px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/091225_Laney-College_MO_CM_10-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1023\" height=\"682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to Director David Lee, many of the students who work part time at the Asian Pacific American Student Success center are immigrant single mothers. Photos by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The center offered support, she said repeatedly: support in school, in finding a job, and in taking care of her son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall of 2023, soon after discovering the Asian student center, she founded a Mongolian students club with a goal of strengthening the community, including one event that brought over 100 Mongolians to campus. Now Mongolian students from other colleges come to Laney because of its support services, and Suurinburneebaatar works part time at the Asian student center, tutoring others.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Proven success\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Asian center has never been financially secure, even before the Trump administration’s support for minority-serving institutions began to wane. The federal grant is awarded on a five-year cycle and Laney College’s final year was scheduled to end this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the college applied again for another five-year grant, and has received the grant for the past 15 years, successfully navigating three different grant cycles, it’s a competitive process and the money is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/05/hispanic-serving-institutions-programs-funding/\">never guaranteed\u003c/a>. To receive the money repeatedly, schools need to prove their programs are successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Lee co-published \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15210251221134686\">a study\u003c/a> that looked at how counseling for English-language learners affected their performance. The study found that students who received counseling support were more likely to “return and re-enroll” than those who didn’t, though the study also found that academic performance was roughly the same for both groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/091225_Laney-College_MO_CM_28-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Reflection through a circular surface showing an office with a desk, computer, certificate on the wall, and a banner for the Asian and Pacific American Student Success program. A person is seated at the desk, hand partially covering their face, surrounded by papers and office supplies.\">\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>A clock hangs inside the Asian Pacific American Student Success center at Laney College. Photo by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Southwestern College, a community college and a federally designated Hispanic-serving institution near San Diego, students were invited to join what’s known as a “learning community,” where they had access to specialized counseling and content tailored for Latinos. An \u003ca href=\"https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/southwesterncollege/viz/EnrollmentandCourseOutcomesDashboard/EnrollmentandCourseOutcomesDashboard\">evaluation\u003c/a> conducted by the school found that students who participated in the grant-funded learning community were far more likely to stay in school, to graduate and to transfer to a four-year institution, said President Mark Sanchez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because minority-serving institutions have wide discretion as to how they use federal money, evaluating the efficacy of the entire program — including hundreds of institutions and thousands of programs — is tough, said Marcela Cuellar, a professor at UC Davis. Some programs are\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/college-beat/2022/11/hispanic-serving-institutions-california/\"> a mixed bag\u003c/a> in terms of results. Nonetheless, Cuellar pointed to a few studies that show the grants’ broad-reaching impact on increasing students’ retention, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ifo.de/en/cesifo/publications/2024/working-paper/impact-developing-hispanic-serving-institution-program-college\">reducing their debt\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1538192718801792\">improving graduation rates\u003c/a>. She said the new cuts are “heartbreaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at both the community college system and the University of California system agreed with Cuellar, saying the cuts were concerning or troubling, according to their respective spokespeople. A spokesperson for the Cal State University system said it was too early to comment on the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using state funds, which currently represent about a quarter of the center’s annual budget, Espinoza said in her email to faculty that Laney College will replace Lee’s full-time position with a part-time faculty role next year. She also said the college will offer each student worker another campus job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee has already offered Suurinburneebaatar a different campus job, but she said no. She’s taking five classes this semester in pursuit of a goal — to graduate this spring with an associate degree in business administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2025/09/minority-student-funding-california/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As the U.S. Department of Education cuts back on grants to colleges and universities that serve Latino, Asian, Black and Native American students, California will lose millions — including money that will soon get sent to other institutions in swing states and states that voted for Trump in 2024.",
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"title": "California Faces Steepest Cuts as Trump Ends Diversity Grants. How One College Is Faring | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few weeks, over 100 colleges and universities across \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> will lose access to essential funding for tutoring, academic counseling and other support services aimed at helping Black, Latino, Asian and Native American students succeed in college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change comes after the U.S. Department of Education said earlier this month that it was ending \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/about/news/press-release/us-department-of-education-ends-funding-racially-discriminatory-discretionary-grant-programs-minority-serving-institutions\">a grant program \u003c/a>that supports “minority-serving institutions,” claiming that it illegally favors certain racial or ethnic groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every state will lose money, but the Education Department’s decision hits California hardest. The state receives over a quarter of all of these diversity grants, since it has a high percentage of minority students, especially Latinos, and it has more college campuses than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s community college system could lose $20 million next year as a result of the funding cuts, said Chris Ferguson, who supports finance and strategic relations at the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office. The Cal State University and the University of California systems, which also receive this money, did not respond to questions about the amount of funding at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laney College, located just a few blocks from Oakland’s Chinatown and Little Saignon, has used these federal grants for the past 15 years to run the Asian Pacific American Student Success center on campus, helping students improve their English, build community and find work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1023px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/091225_Laney-College_MO_CM_18-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A person in a dark blazer stands in a covered walkway holding a framed certificate of appreciation with both hands. The background shows a corridor with concrete walls, doors, and bulletin boards.\" width=\"1023\" height=\"682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Director David Lee stands outside the Asian Pacific American Student Success center. Lee will be left without a job at the end of the month due to President Donald Trump’s cuts on funding for minority-serving colleges. Photo by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the end of the month, David Lee, its longtime director, will lose his job. “It’s like a gut punch,” he said, standing in his basement office, which doubles as the Asian student center. All around him are signs of his legacy — posters on the wall from various campus events, photos of students and staff who treat the center as a second home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After CalMatters reached out to the college about the future of the student center, Laney College’s Vice President of Student Services Lily Espinoza sent an email to faculty, saying that the space will continue to be available to students after Lee leaves, although with fewer staff to support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of California’s 116 community colleges, 22 California State University campuses, and 10 UC campuses, about two-thirds receive these diversity grants. Colleges that receive these grants get to decide how they use the money to support students. The grants max out at about $600,000 per school per year.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Laney College gets much less than that, though. Lee said the school’s federal grant, about $300,000 a year, supports his salary, the salary of up to three part-time counselors and various expenses for events. The state also provides some money, and the college grants access to the basement office and community space for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center is next to the boiler, which emits a loud humming noise for hours each day. A slanted pole runs through the middle of it, hiding wires and breaking up the space, which can only accommodate a few students at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Lee is proud of the program and the impact it has had. “There’s a lot of history here,” he said. “We’re the only center serving Asian students in Peralta.” Last year, roughly 5,500 Asian students attended one of the four schools in the Peralta Community College District, which includes Laney College, according to state data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his budget for next year, which was released in May, President Trump proposed expanding this federal grant program, known as “minority-serving institutions” grants, but he didn’t say why. Both Republicans and Democrats have long supported the program, especially those who represent states with large Latino populations such as California, Texas and Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump’s support for the program didn’t last long. In June, the attorney general for Tennessee and a legal advocacy group, Students for Fair Admissions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/pr/2025/2025-6-hsi.pdf\">sued\u003c/a> the U.S. Department of Education, claiming that the grant program was discriminatory. In July, the Department of Justice, which is representing the Education Department in the case, told the judge it would not defend against the lawsuit, saying grants to certain minority-serving institutions violate the U.S. Constitution’s prohibition on \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/oip/media/1411811/dl?inline\">discrimination\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1023px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/091225_Laney-College_MO_CM_32-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Office workspace with a large sign reading “APASS Asian and Pacific American Student Success” above cubicles, decorated with international flags, photos, papers, and a gift bag hanging from the cabinet.\" width=\"1023\" height=\"682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Asian Pacific American Student Success center has provided a platform for students to build community and access academic support as they navigate college life. Photo by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Education Department reiterated that reasoning with its decision last week to stop funding minority-serving institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some minority-serving institutions, namely historically Black colleges and tribal colleges, are exempt from the department’s decision. McMahon said last week that she’ll use the money that’s earmarked for minority-serving institutions, especially Hispanic-serving institutions, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/about/news/press-release/us-department-of-education-makes-historic-grant-investments-programs-bolster-educational-outcomes\">redirect\u003c/a> it toward those exempt schools instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision effectively pulls money away from California, which has a high concentration of Hispanic-serving institutions, and moves it to the exempt schools, which are generally located in \u003ca href=\"https://collegefund.org/tribal-colleges-and-universities/\">swing states\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1zx-DKOdr0Mc42eGiC0nJbDBYz96EnJp9&ll=33.73239834721144%2C-86.34591083746132&z=5\">states that voted for Trump in 2024\u003c/a>. While California has many minority-serving institutions, and even one historically Black graduate school, none are recognized as historically Black colleges or official tribal colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The first Mongolian student club\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To be considered a historically Black college, the undergraduate institution must have been established prior to 1964 and have a track record of serving Black students, which is less applicable to a newer state like California. Becoming a registered tribal college is also difficult, even for \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/college-beat/2021/08/california-tribal-colleges/\">schools that might otherwise meet the criteria.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, most other minority-serving schools, including many schools with a high percentage of Black or Native American students, apply for a more general federal grant that only asks the institution to prove that it has less money per-student than the average school in the U.S. and that it serves a diverse population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/091225_Laney-College_MO_CM_30-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"A person sits at a desk in an office, partly hidden by the blurred foreground of another person holding a phone. The individual at the desk rests their hand on their chin while looking toward a computer screen, with stacks of papers, framed certificates, and colorful notes on the wall around them.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Staff assistant Huizhen Joan Su looks at student Narmandakh Suurinburneebaatar as she shows videos from a Mongolian cultural activity. Photos by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Laney College easily qualifies. Its enrollment is almost equally divided among Latino, Asian, Black and white students. The school is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2025/06/california-bay-area-community-colleges-funding-formula/\">struggling financially\u003c/a> under the state’s new community college funding formula, potentially requiring it to merge with another local college in the coming years. Its hard-scrabble reputation was depicted in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wXRJL52ZD8\">2020 Netflix documentary\u003c/a> Last Chance U, which profiled Laney College football players and the issues they faced in addition to their sport — including hunger and caring for their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laney College uses all of its minority-serving institution grant funding for the Asian Pacific American Student Success center. Colleges are typically only eligible for one of these grants, even when it may have numerous communities that need support. Though the center is focused on Asian students, anyone is technically welcome to the services it provides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center is what kept Narmandakh Suurinburneebaatar in school. After moving from Mongolia to Oakland in 2008, she spent years knowing just a few words of English. When she enrolled in an English-language learning course at Laney College in 2013, she wasn’t aware of the Asian student center. She was nervous at the time and struggled to talk with other students and teachers, she said. She dropped out before the end of the semester. She also enrolled in 2016 but dropped out again after the first semester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2022, Laney College offered free classes in light of the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2023/09/community-college-enrollment-3/#:~:text=At%20its%20lowest%20point%20following%20the%20start%20of%20the%20pandemic%2C%20the%20California%20Community%20Colleges%20system%20had%20lost%20just%20over%20417%2C000%20students%2C%20an%2018.5%25%20drop%C2%A0%20compared%20to%20the%202018%2D19%20academic%20year.\">decline in student enrollment \u003c/a>during the COVID-19 pandemic. Suurinburneebaatar’s son had also started moving through the Oakland school system, and she wanted to communicate with his teachers. She re-enrolled again, but this time, a representative from the Asian student center came to her English class, offering interpretation services for Mongolian speakers. It changed her entire trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1023px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/091225_Laney-College_MO_CM_10-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1023\" height=\"682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to Director David Lee, many of the students who work part time at the Asian Pacific American Student Success center are immigrant single mothers. Photos by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The center offered support, she said repeatedly: support in school, in finding a job, and in taking care of her son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall of 2023, soon after discovering the Asian student center, she founded a Mongolian students club with a goal of strengthening the community, including one event that brought over 100 Mongolians to campus. Now Mongolian students from other colleges come to Laney because of its support services, and Suurinburneebaatar works part time at the Asian student center, tutoring others.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Proven success\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Asian center has never been financially secure, even before the Trump administration’s support for minority-serving institutions began to wane. The federal grant is awarded on a five-year cycle and Laney College’s final year was scheduled to end this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the college applied again for another five-year grant, and has received the grant for the past 15 years, successfully navigating three different grant cycles, it’s a competitive process and the money is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/05/hispanic-serving-institutions-programs-funding/\">never guaranteed\u003c/a>. To receive the money repeatedly, schools need to prove their programs are successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Lee co-published \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15210251221134686\">a study\u003c/a> that looked at how counseling for English-language learners affected their performance. The study found that students who received counseling support were more likely to “return and re-enroll” than those who didn’t, though the study also found that academic performance was roughly the same for both groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/091225_Laney-College_MO_CM_28-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Reflection through a circular surface showing an office with a desk, computer, certificate on the wall, and a banner for the Asian and Pacific American Student Success program. A person is seated at the desk, hand partially covering their face, surrounded by papers and office supplies.\">\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>A clock hangs inside the Asian Pacific American Student Success center at Laney College. Photo by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Southwestern College, a community college and a federally designated Hispanic-serving institution near San Diego, students were invited to join what’s known as a “learning community,” where they had access to specialized counseling and content tailored for Latinos. An \u003ca href=\"https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/southwesterncollege/viz/EnrollmentandCourseOutcomesDashboard/EnrollmentandCourseOutcomesDashboard\">evaluation\u003c/a> conducted by the school found that students who participated in the grant-funded learning community were far more likely to stay in school, to graduate and to transfer to a four-year institution, said President Mark Sanchez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because minority-serving institutions have wide discretion as to how they use federal money, evaluating the efficacy of the entire program — including hundreds of institutions and thousands of programs — is tough, said Marcela Cuellar, a professor at UC Davis. Some programs are\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/college-beat/2022/11/hispanic-serving-institutions-california/\"> a mixed bag\u003c/a> in terms of results. Nonetheless, Cuellar pointed to a few studies that show the grants’ broad-reaching impact on increasing students’ retention, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ifo.de/en/cesifo/publications/2024/working-paper/impact-developing-hispanic-serving-institution-program-college\">reducing their debt\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1538192718801792\">improving graduation rates\u003c/a>. She said the new cuts are “heartbreaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at both the community college system and the University of California system agreed with Cuellar, saying the cuts were concerning or troubling, according to their respective spokespeople. A spokesperson for the Cal State University system said it was too early to comment on the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using state funds, which currently represent about a quarter of the center’s annual budget, Espinoza said in her email to faculty that Laney College will replace Lee’s full-time position with a part-time faculty role next year. She also said the college will offer each student worker another campus job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee has already offered Suurinburneebaatar a different campus job, but she said no. She’s taking five classes this semester in pursuit of a goal — to graduate this spring with an associate degree in business administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2025/09/minority-student-funding-california/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a new \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69753739/44/american-federation-of-teachers-v-us-department-of-education/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">court filing\u003c/a>, the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is asking a federal judge to force the U.S. Department of Education to follow the law and cancel the debts of borrowers who have met longstanding requirements for loan forgiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AFT argues the department is delaying cancellation for many borrowers in a way that is “unwarranted and unlawful” and will have “real and significant consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the clock is ticking. With the American Rescue Plan, Congress temporarily stopped treating loan cancellation as taxable income until Jan. 1, 2026. Soon, many borrowers will again be expected to pay taxes on those cancelled debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AFT is seeking an injunction to force the department to do a few things, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"rte2-style-ul\" style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\">\n\u003cli>Cancel the debts of borrowers on income-dependent repayment plans \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/manage-loans/repayment/plans/income-driven\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">like IBR, ICR and PAYE\u003c/a> when those borrowers have met the requirement that they be in repayment for 20 or 25 years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Process thousands of outstanding requests for Public Service Loan Forgiveness from borrowers who “buy back” time that did not previously count.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>The trouble started with the SAVE Plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Education Department largely blames these delays in debt cancellation on the Biden administration and the federal courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress designed these [plans] to ensure that borrowers repay their loans, yet the Biden Administration tried to illegally force taxpayers to foot the bill,” Education Secretary Linda McMahon \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/about/news/press-release/us-department-of-education-continues-improve-federal-student-loan-repayment-options-addresses-illegal-biden-administration-actions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said in a July statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMahon is referring to the income-driven SAVE repayment plan, which was created by the Biden administration and was so generous in its terms that the courts forced the department to put the plan on ice, throwing much of the loan program into confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Education Department has used the legal uncertainty around SAVE to justify halting cancellation under ICR, PAYE and IBR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IBR was created by Congress and is not being challenged legally. But the department told NPR in July that questions about SAVE’s legality had made it difficult to determine eligibility for cancellation under IBR. As a result, many borrowers who are likely eligible for cancellation are still having to make payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For any borrower that makes a payment after they became eligible for forgiveness, the Department will refund overpayments when the discharges resume,” the department told NPR in a statement this week. As for when that might be?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department would not commit to a timetable: “IBR discharges will resume as soon as the Department is able to establish the correct payment count.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>PSLF troubles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Borrowers enrolled in Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) have also encountered delays. According to court records, by the end of last month, the department had a backlog of nearly 75,000 applications for cancellation under the PSLF “Buyback” program. That allows borrowers with 10 years of verified public service to make qualifying payments for months they spent in forbearance or deferment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its amended suit, the AFT says, from May to August, the department received far more buyback applications than it processed. Each month, “the Department received an average of 9,902 new applications, but only processed an average of 3,604.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Education Department Deputy Press Secretary Ellen Keast says, with the PSLF “Buyback” program, the Biden administration was guilty of “weaponizing a legal discharge plan for political purposes. The Department is working its way through this backlog while ensuring that borrowers have submitted the required 120 payments of qualifying employment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Processing these buyback applications can be time-consuming, and the Trump administration’s move to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/03/12/nx-s1-5325854/trump-education-department-layoffs-civil-rights-student-loans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cut the Office of Federal Student Aid’s staff by half\u003c/a> may have slowed its efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed npr-promo-card insettwocolumn\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Jan. 1, 2026, tax changes will not apply to Public Service Loan Forgiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Many borrowers are at risk of default\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than 7 million borrowers are enrolled in SAVE and have not been required to make payments, but the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/07/24/nx-s1-5477646/student-loan-repayment-forgiveness-trump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently resumed interest accrual\u003c/a> on these loans, looking to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/about/news/press-release/us-department-of-education-continues-improve-federal-student-loan-repayment-options-addresses-illegal-biden-administration-actions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nudge borrowers\u003c/a> into alternative plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.278527/gov.uscourts.dcd.278527.42.0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">court records show\u003c/a> enrolling in an alternative has been slow-going for months. In February, the department temporarily stopped accepting applications for all income-dependent repayment plans, and though it has resumed, more than a million were still pending as of the end of August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Education Department’s Keast tells NPR this backlog began during the previous administration, and that the department “is actively working with federal student loan servicers and hopes to clear the Biden backlog over the next few months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amidst all this confusion and uncertainty, data suggest many federal student loan borrowers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/09/05/nx-s1-5521317/millions-of-student-loan-borrowers-are-at-risk-of-defaulting-data-shows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are failing to repay their loans\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One in three federal student loan borrowers that are in repayment right now are in some stage of delinquency,” says Daniel Mangrum, a research economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meaning millions of borrowers are now at serious risk of default.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a new \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69753739/44/american-federation-of-teachers-v-us-department-of-education/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">court filing\u003c/a>, the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is asking a federal judge to force the U.S. Department of Education to follow the law and cancel the debts of borrowers who have met longstanding requirements for loan forgiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AFT argues the department is delaying cancellation for many borrowers in a way that is “unwarranted and unlawful” and will have “real and significant consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the clock is ticking. With the American Rescue Plan, Congress temporarily stopped treating loan cancellation as taxable income until Jan. 1, 2026. Soon, many borrowers will again be expected to pay taxes on those cancelled debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AFT is seeking an injunction to force the department to do a few things, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"rte2-style-ul\" style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\">\n\u003cli>Cancel the debts of borrowers on income-dependent repayment plans \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/manage-loans/repayment/plans/income-driven\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">like IBR, ICR and PAYE\u003c/a> when those borrowers have met the requirement that they be in repayment for 20 or 25 years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Process thousands of outstanding requests for Public Service Loan Forgiveness from borrowers who “buy back” time that did not previously count.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>The trouble started with the SAVE Plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Education Department largely blames these delays in debt cancellation on the Biden administration and the federal courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress designed these [plans] to ensure that borrowers repay their loans, yet the Biden Administration tried to illegally force taxpayers to foot the bill,” Education Secretary Linda McMahon \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/about/news/press-release/us-department-of-education-continues-improve-federal-student-loan-repayment-options-addresses-illegal-biden-administration-actions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said in a July statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMahon is referring to the income-driven SAVE repayment plan, which was created by the Biden administration and was so generous in its terms that the courts forced the department to put the plan on ice, throwing much of the loan program into confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Education Department has used the legal uncertainty around SAVE to justify halting cancellation under ICR, PAYE and IBR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IBR was created by Congress and is not being challenged legally. But the department told NPR in July that questions about SAVE’s legality had made it difficult to determine eligibility for cancellation under IBR. As a result, many borrowers who are likely eligible for cancellation are still having to make payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For any borrower that makes a payment after they became eligible for forgiveness, the Department will refund overpayments when the discharges resume,” the department told NPR in a statement this week. As for when that might be?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department would not commit to a timetable: “IBR discharges will resume as soon as the Department is able to establish the correct payment count.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>PSLF troubles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Borrowers enrolled in Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) have also encountered delays. According to court records, by the end of last month, the department had a backlog of nearly 75,000 applications for cancellation under the PSLF “Buyback” program. That allows borrowers with 10 years of verified public service to make qualifying payments for months they spent in forbearance or deferment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its amended suit, the AFT says, from May to August, the department received far more buyback applications than it processed. Each month, “the Department received an average of 9,902 new applications, but only processed an average of 3,604.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Education Department Deputy Press Secretary Ellen Keast says, with the PSLF “Buyback” program, the Biden administration was guilty of “weaponizing a legal discharge plan for political purposes. The Department is working its way through this backlog while ensuring that borrowers have submitted the required 120 payments of qualifying employment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Processing these buyback applications can be time-consuming, and the Trump administration’s move to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/03/12/nx-s1-5325854/trump-education-department-layoffs-civil-rights-student-loans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cut the Office of Federal Student Aid’s staff by half\u003c/a> may have slowed its efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed npr-promo-card insettwocolumn\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Jan. 1, 2026, tax changes will not apply to Public Service Loan Forgiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Many borrowers are at risk of default\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than 7 million borrowers are enrolled in SAVE and have not been required to make payments, but the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/07/24/nx-s1-5477646/student-loan-repayment-forgiveness-trump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently resumed interest accrual\u003c/a> on these loans, looking to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/about/news/press-release/us-department-of-education-continues-improve-federal-student-loan-repayment-options-addresses-illegal-biden-administration-actions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nudge borrowers\u003c/a> into alternative plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.278527/gov.uscourts.dcd.278527.42.0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">court records show\u003c/a> enrolling in an alternative has been slow-going for months. In February, the department temporarily stopped accepting applications for all income-dependent repayment plans, and though it has resumed, more than a million were still pending as of the end of August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Education Department’s Keast tells NPR this backlog began during the previous administration, and that the department “is actively working with federal student loan servicers and hopes to clear the Biden backlog over the next few months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amidst all this confusion and uncertainty, data suggest many federal student loan borrowers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/09/05/nx-s1-5521317/millions-of-student-loan-borrowers-are-at-risk-of-defaulting-data-shows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are failing to repay their loans\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One in three federal student loan borrowers that are in repayment right now are in some stage of delinquency,” says Daniel Mangrum, a research economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meaning millions of borrowers are now at serious risk of default.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>MOREHEAD, Ky. — The summer after ninth grade, Zoey Griffith found herself in an unfamiliar setting: a dorm on the Morehead State University campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, she’d spend the months before her sophomore year taking classes in core subjects like math and biology, as well as electives like oil painting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Griffith, it was an opportunity, but a scary one. “It was a big deal for me to live on campus at the age of 14,” she said. Morehead State is about an hour from her hometown of Maysville. “I was nervous, and I remember that I cried the first time that my dad left me on move-in day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mother became a parent as a teenager and urged her daughter to avoid the same experience. Griffith’s father works as a mechanic, and he frowns upon the idea of higher education, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so college back then seemed a distant and unlikely dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Griffith’s stepsister had introduced her to a federal program called Upward Bound. It places high school students in college dorms during the summer, where they can take classes and participate in workshops on preparing for the SAT and financial literacy. During the school year, students get tutoring and work on what are called “individual success plans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s part of a group of federal programs, known as TRIO, aimed at helping low-income and first-generation students earn a college degree, often becoming the first in their families to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So thanks to that advice from her stepsister, Kirsty Beckett, who’s now 27 and pursuing a doctorate in psychology, Griffith signed up and found herself in that summer program at Morehead State. Now, Griffith is enrolled at Maysville Community and Technical College, with plans to become an ultrasound technician.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRIO, once a group of three programs — giving it a name that stuck — is now the umbrella over eight, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/sites/ed/files/about/offices/list/ope/trio/trio50anniv-factsheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some dating back to 1965\u003c/a>. Together they serve roughly 870,000 students nationwide a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has worked with millions of students and has \u003ca href=\"https://coenet.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/TRIO-Caucus-List_061825.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bipartisan support\u003c/a> in Congress. Now, some in this part of the Appalachian region of Kentucky and across the country worry about students who won’t get the same assistance if President Trump ends federal spending on the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A White House \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Fiscal-Year-2026-Discretionary-Budget-Request.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">budget proposal\u003c/a> would eliminate spending on TRIO. The document says “access to college is not the obstacle it was for students of limited means,” and it puts the onus on colleges to recruit and support students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates note that the programs, which cost roughly $1.2 billion each year, have a proven track record. Students in Upward Bound, for example, are more than twice as likely to earn a bachelor’s degree by age 24 than other students from some of the United States’ poorest households, \u003ca href=\"https://coenet.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/COE_Overview-One-Pager_Advocacy_May-2025_v3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the Council for Opportunity in Education\u003c/a>. COE is a nonprofit that represents TRIO programs nationwide and advocates for expanded opportunities for first-generation, low-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the high school class of 2022, 74% of Upward Bound students enrolled immediately in college — compared with only 56% of high school graduates in the bottom income quartile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/2877x3821+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F65%2F2d%2F25daaf874cf0ba2bdcc32d0e292f%2Fhe-trio-6.jpg\" alt=\"Students Zoey Griffith (left) and Aniyah Caldwell say the Upward Bound program has been life-changing for them. Upward Bound is one of eight federal programs under the TRIO umbrella.\">\u003cfigcaption>Students Zoey Griffith (left) and Aniyah Caldwell say the Upward Bound program has been life-changing for them. Upward Bound is one of eight federal programs under the TRIO umbrella. \u003ccite> (Michael Vasquez | The Hechinger Report)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Upward Bound is for high school students. Another TRIO program, Talent Search, helps middle and high school students, without the residential component. One program called Student Support Services (SSS) provides tutoring, advising and other assistance to at-risk college students. Another program prepares students for graduate school and doctoral degrees, and yet another trains TRIO staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/sites/ed/files/about/offices/list/ope/trio/sssparticpantsinbpsls.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2019 study\u003c/a> found that after four years of college, students in SSS were 48% more likely to complete an associate’s degree or certificate, or transfer to a four-year institution, than a comparable group of students with similar backgrounds and similar levels of high school achievement who were not in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“TRIO has been around for 60 years,” said Kimberly Jones, the president of COE. “We’ve produced millions of college graduates. We know it works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Education Secretary Linda McMahon and the White House refer to the programs as a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Fiscal-Year-2026-Discretionary-Budget-Request.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">relic of the past\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones countered that census data shows that “students from the poorest families still earn college degrees at rates far below that of students from the highest-income families,” demonstrating continued need for TRIO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMahon is challenging that and pushing for further study of those TRIO success rates. In 2020, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Government Accountability Office found\u003c/a> that even though the Education Department collects data on TRIO participants, the agency “has gaps in its evidence on program effectiveness.” The GAO criticized the Education Department for having “outdated” studies on some TRIO programs and no studies at all for others. Since then, the department has expanded its evaluations of TRIO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a Senate subcommittee hearing in June, McMahon acknowledged that “there is some effectiveness of the programs, in many circumstances.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she said there is not enough research to justify TRIO’s total cost. “That’s a real drawback in these programs,” McMahon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she is asking lawmakers to eliminate TRIO spending after this year and has already canceled some previously approved TRIO grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Opening a door into a broader world\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“What are we supposed to do, especially here in eastern Kentucky?” asks David Green, a former Upward Bound participant who is now marketing director for a pair of Kentucky hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1366x768+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff8%2F69%2F4771cf194e918cbc91c3f5a9e242%2Fhe-trio-4.jpg\" alt=\"East Main Street in Morehead, Ky., just outside Morehead State University's campus.\">\u003cfigcaption>East Main Street in Morehead, Ky., just outside Morehead State University’s campus. \u003ccite> (Michael Vasquez | The Hechinger Report)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Green lives in a region that has some of the nation’s highest rates of unemployment, cancer and opioid addiction. “I mean, these people have big hearts — they want to grow,” he adds. Cutting these programs amounts to “stifling us even more than we’re already stifled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green described his experience with TRIO at Morehead State in the mid-1980s as “one of the best things that ever happened to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He grew up in a home without running water in Maysville, a city of about 8,000 people. It was on a TRIO trip to Washington, D.C., he recalled, that he stayed in a hotel for the first time. Green remembers bringing two suitcases so he could pack a pillow, sheets and a comforter — unaware the hotel room would have its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He met students from other towns and with different backgrounds. Some became lifelong friends. Green learned table manners, the kind of thing often required in business settings. After college, he was so grateful for TRIO that he became one of its tutors, working with the next generation of students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Uncertain future in Congress\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jones, of the Council for Opportunity in Education, said she is cautiously optimistic that Congress will continue funding TRIO, despite the Trump administration’s request. The programs serve students in all 50 states. According to the COE, about 34% are white, 32% are Black, 23% are Hispanic, 5% are Asian and 3% are Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Rep. Mike Simpson, an Idaho Republican, called TRIO “one of the most effective programs in the federal government,” which, he said, is supported by “many, many members of Congress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, Sen. Shelley Moore Capito, a Republican from West Virginia and a former TRIO employee, spoke about its importance to her state. TRIO helps “a student that really needs the extra push, the camaraderie, the community,” she said. “I’ve gone to their graduations, and been their speaker, and it’s really quite delightful to see how far they’ve come in a short period of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRIO survived, with its funding intact, when the Senate Appropriations Committee approved its budget last month. The House is expected to take up its version of the annual appropriations bill for education in early September. Both chambers ultimately have to agree on federal spending, a process that could drag on until December, leaving TRIO’s fate in Congress uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While lawmakers debate its future, the Trump administration could also delay or halt TRIO funding on its own. This year, the administration took the unprecedented step of unilaterally \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/government/politics-elections/2025/06/11/trio-advocates-worry-after-upward-bound-grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">canceling about 20\u003c/a> previously approved new and continuing TRIO grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A big impact on young lives\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Morehead State, leaders there say the university and the region it serves need the boost received from TRIO: While roughly 38% of American adults have earned at least a bachelor’s degree, in Kentucky that figure is only 16%. And locally, it’s 7%, according to Summer Fawn Bryant, the director of TRIO’s Talent Search programs at the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRIO works to counter the stigma of attending college that still exists in parts of eastern Kentucky, Bryant said, where a student from a humble background who is considering college might be scolded with the phrase: \u003cem>Don’t get above your raisin’\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A parent may say it,” Bryant said. “A teacher may say it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that she’s seen time and again how these programs can turn around the lives of young students from poor families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed npr-promo-card insettwocolumn\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Students like Beth Cockrell, an Upward Bound alum from Pineville, Ky., who said her mom struggled with parenting. “Upward Bound stepped in as that kind of co-parent and helped me decide what my major was going to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cockrell went on to earn three degrees at Morehead State and has worked as a teacher for the past 19 years. She now works with students at her alma mater and teaches third grade at Conkwright Elementary School, about an hour away.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Long-term benefits\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sherry Adkins, an eastern Kentucky native who attended TRIO more than 50 years ago and went on to become a registered nurse, said efforts to cut TRIO spending ignore the long-term benefits. “Do you want all of these people that are disadvantaged to continue like that? Where they’re taking money from society? Or do you want to help prepare us to become successful people who pay lots of taxes?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Washington considers TRIO’s future, program directors like Bryant, at Morehead State, press forward. She has saved a text message that a former student sent her two years ago to remind her of what’s at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After finishing college, the student was attending a conference on child abuse when a presenter showed a slide that included the quote: “Every child who winds up doing well has had at least one stable and committed relationship with a supportive adult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Forever thankful,” the student texted Bryant, “that you were that supportive adult for me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story about TRIO was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>The Hechinger Report\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>MOREHEAD, Ky. — The summer after ninth grade, Zoey Griffith found herself in an unfamiliar setting: a dorm on the Morehead State University campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, she’d spend the months before her sophomore year taking classes in core subjects like math and biology, as well as electives like oil painting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Griffith, it was an opportunity, but a scary one. “It was a big deal for me to live on campus at the age of 14,” she said. Morehead State is about an hour from her hometown of Maysville. “I was nervous, and I remember that I cried the first time that my dad left me on move-in day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mother became a parent as a teenager and urged her daughter to avoid the same experience. Griffith’s father works as a mechanic, and he frowns upon the idea of higher education, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so college back then seemed a distant and unlikely dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Griffith’s stepsister had introduced her to a federal program called Upward Bound. It places high school students in college dorms during the summer, where they can take classes and participate in workshops on preparing for the SAT and financial literacy. During the school year, students get tutoring and work on what are called “individual success plans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s part of a group of federal programs, known as TRIO, aimed at helping low-income and first-generation students earn a college degree, often becoming the first in their families to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So thanks to that advice from her stepsister, Kirsty Beckett, who’s now 27 and pursuing a doctorate in psychology, Griffith signed up and found herself in that summer program at Morehead State. Now, Griffith is enrolled at Maysville Community and Technical College, with plans to become an ultrasound technician.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRIO, once a group of three programs — giving it a name that stuck — is now the umbrella over eight, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/sites/ed/files/about/offices/list/ope/trio/trio50anniv-factsheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some dating back to 1965\u003c/a>. Together they serve roughly 870,000 students nationwide a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has worked with millions of students and has \u003ca href=\"https://coenet.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/TRIO-Caucus-List_061825.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bipartisan support\u003c/a> in Congress. Now, some in this part of the Appalachian region of Kentucky and across the country worry about students who won’t get the same assistance if President Trump ends federal spending on the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A White House \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Fiscal-Year-2026-Discretionary-Budget-Request.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">budget proposal\u003c/a> would eliminate spending on TRIO. The document says “access to college is not the obstacle it was for students of limited means,” and it puts the onus on colleges to recruit and support students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates note that the programs, which cost roughly $1.2 billion each year, have a proven track record. Students in Upward Bound, for example, are more than twice as likely to earn a bachelor’s degree by age 24 than other students from some of the United States’ poorest households, \u003ca href=\"https://coenet.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/COE_Overview-One-Pager_Advocacy_May-2025_v3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the Council for Opportunity in Education\u003c/a>. COE is a nonprofit that represents TRIO programs nationwide and advocates for expanded opportunities for first-generation, low-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the high school class of 2022, 74% of Upward Bound students enrolled immediately in college — compared with only 56% of high school graduates in the bottom income quartile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/2877x3821+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F65%2F2d%2F25daaf874cf0ba2bdcc32d0e292f%2Fhe-trio-6.jpg\" alt=\"Students Zoey Griffith (left) and Aniyah Caldwell say the Upward Bound program has been life-changing for them. Upward Bound is one of eight federal programs under the TRIO umbrella.\">\u003cfigcaption>Students Zoey Griffith (left) and Aniyah Caldwell say the Upward Bound program has been life-changing for them. Upward Bound is one of eight federal programs under the TRIO umbrella. \u003ccite> (Michael Vasquez | The Hechinger Report)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Upward Bound is for high school students. Another TRIO program, Talent Search, helps middle and high school students, without the residential component. One program called Student Support Services (SSS) provides tutoring, advising and other assistance to at-risk college students. Another program prepares students for graduate school and doctoral degrees, and yet another trains TRIO staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/sites/ed/files/about/offices/list/ope/trio/sssparticpantsinbpsls.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2019 study\u003c/a> found that after four years of college, students in SSS were 48% more likely to complete an associate’s degree or certificate, or transfer to a four-year institution, than a comparable group of students with similar backgrounds and similar levels of high school achievement who were not in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“TRIO has been around for 60 years,” said Kimberly Jones, the president of COE. “We’ve produced millions of college graduates. We know it works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Education Secretary Linda McMahon and the White House refer to the programs as a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Fiscal-Year-2026-Discretionary-Budget-Request.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">relic of the past\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones countered that census data shows that “students from the poorest families still earn college degrees at rates far below that of students from the highest-income families,” demonstrating continued need for TRIO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMahon is challenging that and pushing for further study of those TRIO success rates. In 2020, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Government Accountability Office found\u003c/a> that even though the Education Department collects data on TRIO participants, the agency “has gaps in its evidence on program effectiveness.” The GAO criticized the Education Department for having “outdated” studies on some TRIO programs and no studies at all for others. Since then, the department has expanded its evaluations of TRIO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a Senate subcommittee hearing in June, McMahon acknowledged that “there is some effectiveness of the programs, in many circumstances.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she said there is not enough research to justify TRIO’s total cost. “That’s a real drawback in these programs,” McMahon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she is asking lawmakers to eliminate TRIO spending after this year and has already canceled some previously approved TRIO grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Opening a door into a broader world\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“What are we supposed to do, especially here in eastern Kentucky?” asks David Green, a former Upward Bound participant who is now marketing director for a pair of Kentucky hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1366x768+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff8%2F69%2F4771cf194e918cbc91c3f5a9e242%2Fhe-trio-4.jpg\" alt=\"East Main Street in Morehead, Ky., just outside Morehead State University's campus.\">\u003cfigcaption>East Main Street in Morehead, Ky., just outside Morehead State University’s campus. \u003ccite> (Michael Vasquez | The Hechinger Report)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Green lives in a region that has some of the nation’s highest rates of unemployment, cancer and opioid addiction. “I mean, these people have big hearts — they want to grow,” he adds. Cutting these programs amounts to “stifling us even more than we’re already stifled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green described his experience with TRIO at Morehead State in the mid-1980s as “one of the best things that ever happened to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He grew up in a home without running water in Maysville, a city of about 8,000 people. It was on a TRIO trip to Washington, D.C., he recalled, that he stayed in a hotel for the first time. Green remembers bringing two suitcases so he could pack a pillow, sheets and a comforter — unaware the hotel room would have its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He met students from other towns and with different backgrounds. Some became lifelong friends. Green learned table manners, the kind of thing often required in business settings. After college, he was so grateful for TRIO that he became one of its tutors, working with the next generation of students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Uncertain future in Congress\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jones, of the Council for Opportunity in Education, said she is cautiously optimistic that Congress will continue funding TRIO, despite the Trump administration’s request. The programs serve students in all 50 states. According to the COE, about 34% are white, 32% are Black, 23% are Hispanic, 5% are Asian and 3% are Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Rep. Mike Simpson, an Idaho Republican, called TRIO “one of the most effective programs in the federal government,” which, he said, is supported by “many, many members of Congress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, Sen. Shelley Moore Capito, a Republican from West Virginia and a former TRIO employee, spoke about its importance to her state. TRIO helps “a student that really needs the extra push, the camaraderie, the community,” she said. “I’ve gone to their graduations, and been their speaker, and it’s really quite delightful to see how far they’ve come in a short period of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRIO survived, with its funding intact, when the Senate Appropriations Committee approved its budget last month. The House is expected to take up its version of the annual appropriations bill for education in early September. Both chambers ultimately have to agree on federal spending, a process that could drag on until December, leaving TRIO’s fate in Congress uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While lawmakers debate its future, the Trump administration could also delay or halt TRIO funding on its own. This year, the administration took the unprecedented step of unilaterally \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/government/politics-elections/2025/06/11/trio-advocates-worry-after-upward-bound-grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">canceling about 20\u003c/a> previously approved new and continuing TRIO grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A big impact on young lives\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Morehead State, leaders there say the university and the region it serves need the boost received from TRIO: While roughly 38% of American adults have earned at least a bachelor’s degree, in Kentucky that figure is only 16%. And locally, it’s 7%, according to Summer Fawn Bryant, the director of TRIO’s Talent Search programs at the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRIO works to counter the stigma of attending college that still exists in parts of eastern Kentucky, Bryant said, where a student from a humble background who is considering college might be scolded with the phrase: \u003cem>Don’t get above your raisin’\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A parent may say it,” Bryant said. “A teacher may say it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that she’s seen time and again how these programs can turn around the lives of young students from poor families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed npr-promo-card insettwocolumn\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Students like Beth Cockrell, an Upward Bound alum from Pineville, Ky., who said her mom struggled with parenting. “Upward Bound stepped in as that kind of co-parent and helped me decide what my major was going to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cockrell went on to earn three degrees at Morehead State and has worked as a teacher for the past 19 years. She now works with students at her alma mater and teaches third grade at Conkwright Elementary School, about an hour away.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Long-term benefits\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sherry Adkins, an eastern Kentucky native who attended TRIO more than 50 years ago and went on to become a registered nurse, said efforts to cut TRIO spending ignore the long-term benefits. “Do you want all of these people that are disadvantaged to continue like that? Where they’re taking money from society? Or do you want to help prepare us to become successful people who pay lots of taxes?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Washington considers TRIO’s future, program directors like Bryant, at Morehead State, press forward. She has saved a text message that a former student sent her two years ago to remind her of what’s at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After finishing college, the student was attending a conference on child abuse when a presenter showed a slide that included the quote: “Every child who winds up doing well has had at least one stable and committed relationship with a supportive adult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Forever thankful,” the student texted Bryant, “that you were that supportive adult for me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story about TRIO was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>The Hechinger Report\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Donald Trump wants to collect more admissions data from colleges and universities to make sure they’re complying with a 2023 Supreme Court decision that ended race-conscious affirmative action. And he wants that data now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But data experts and higher education scholars warn that any new admissions data is likely to be inaccurate, impossible to interpret and ultimately misused by policymakers. That’s because Trump’s own policies have left the statistics agency inside the Education Department with a skeleton staff and not enough money, expertise or time to create this new dataset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department already collects data on enrollment from every institution of higher education that participates in the federal student loan program. The results are reported through the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). But in an Aug. 7 \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/08/ensuring-transparency-in-higher-education-admissions/\">memorandum\u003c/a>, Trump directed the Education Department, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/03/improving-education-outcomes-by-empowering-parents-states-and-communities/\">he sought to close in March,\u003c/a> to expand that task and provide “transparency” into how some 1,700 colleges that do not admit everyone are making their admissions decisions. And he gave Education Secretary Linda McMahon just 120 days to get it done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expanding data collection on applicants is not a new idea. The Biden administration had already ordered colleges to start reporting \u003ca href=\"https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAViewDocument?ref_nbr=202402-1850-008\">race and ethnicity data to the department this fall\u003c/a> in order to track changes in diversity in postsecondary education. But in a separate \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/media/document/secretary-directive-ensuring-transparency-higher-education-admissions-august-7-2025-110497.pdf\">memorandum\u003c/a> to the head of the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), McMahon asked for even more information, including high school grades and college entrance exam scores, all broken down by race and gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan Cook, director of higher education policy at the Urban Institute, a think tank in Washington, D.C., called the 120-day timeline “preposterous” because of the enormous technical challenges. For example, IPEDS has never collected high school GPAs. Some schools use a weighted 5.0 scale, giving extra points for advanced classes, and others use an unweighted 4.0 scale, which makes comparisons messy. Other issues are equally thorny. Many schools no longer require applicants to report standardized test scores and some no longer ask them about race so the data that Trump wants doesn’t exist for those colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got this effort to add these elements without a mechanism with which to vet the new variables, as well as a system for ensuring their proper implementation,” said Cook. “You would almost think that whoever implemented this didn’t know what they were doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook has helped advise the Education Department on the IPEDS data collection for 20 years and served on technical review panels, which are normally convened first to recommend changes to the data collection. Those panels were disbanded earlier this year, and there isn’t one set up to vet Trump’s new admissions data proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook and other data experts can’t figure out how a decimated education statistics agency could take on this task. All six NCES employees who were involved in IPEDS data collection were fired in March, and there are only three employees left out of 100 at NCES, which is run by an acting commissioner who also has several other jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Education Department official, who did not want to be named, denied that no one left inside the Education Department has IPEDS experience. The official said that staff inside the office of the chief data officer, which is separate from the statistics agency, have a “deep familiarity with IPEDS data, its collection and use.” Former Education Department employees told me that some of these employees have experience in analyzing the data, but not in collecting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, there were as many as a dozen employees who worked closely with RTI International, a scientific research institute, which handles most of the IPEDS data collection work.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Technical review eliminated\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Of particular concern is that RTI’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fpds.gov/ezsearch/search.do?q=Integrated+postsecondary+education+data+system++PIID%3A%2291990022F0021%22+PIID%3A%2291990022F0021%22&s=FPDS.GOV&templateName=1.5.3&indexName=awardfull\">$10 million annual contract\u003c/a> to conduct the data collection had been slashed approximately in half by the Department of Government Efficiency, also known as DOGE, according to two former employees, who asked to remain anonymous out of fear of retaliation. Those severe budget cuts eliminated the technical review panels that vet proposed changes to IPEDS, and ended training for colleges and universities to submit data properly, which helped with data quality. RTI did not respond to my request to confirm the cuts or answer questions about the challenges it will face in expanding its work on a reduced budget and staffing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Education Department did not deny that the IPEDS budget had been cut in half. “The RTI contract is focused on the most mission-critical IPEDS activities,” the Education Department official said. “The contract continues to include at least one task under which a technical review panel can be convened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional elements of the IPEDS data collection have also been reduced, including a contract to check data quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the scope of the new task became more apparent. On Aug. 13, the administration released more \u003ca href=\"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-15536.pdf\">details about the new admissions data\u003c/a> it wants, describing how the Education Department is attempting to add a whole new survey to IPEDS, called the Admissions and Consumer Transparency Supplement (ACTS), which will disaggregate all admissions data and most student outcome and financial aid data by race and gender. College will have to report on both undergraduate and graduate school admissions. The public has 60 days to comment, and the administration wants colleges to start reporting this data this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Complex collection\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Christine Keller, executive director of the Association for Institutional Research, a trade group of higher education officials who collect and analyze data, called the new survey “one of the most complex IPEDS collections ever attempted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it has taken years to make much smaller changes to IPEDS, and universities are given a year to start collecting the new data before they are required to submit it. (Roughly 6,000 colleges, universities and vocational schools are required to submit data to IPEDS as a condition for their students to take out federal student loans or receive federal Pell Grants. Failure to comply results in fines and the threat of losing access to federal student aid.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, the Education Department would reveal screenshots of data fields, showing what colleges would need to enter into the IPEDS computer system. But the department has not done that, and several of the data descriptions are ambiguous. For example, colleges will have to report test scores and GPA by quintile, broken down by race and ethnicity and gender. One interpretation is that a college would have to say how many Black male applicants, for example, scored above the 80th percentile on the SAT or the ACT. Another interpretation is that colleges would need to report the average SAT or ACT score of the top 20 percent of Black male applicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Association for Institutional Research used to train college administrators on how to collect and submit data correctly and sort through confusing details — until DOGE eliminated that training. “The absence of comprehensive, federally funded training will only increase institutional burden and risk to data quality,” Keller said. Keller’s organization is now dipping into its own budget to offer a small amount of free \u003ca href=\"https://www.airweb.org/academy/offerings/IPEDS\">IPEDS training to universities\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Education Department is also requiring colleges to report five years of historical admissions data, broken down into numerous subcategories. Institutions have never been asked to keep data on applicants who didn’t enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s incredible they’re asking for five years of prior data,” said Jordan Matsudaira, an economist at American University who worked on education policy in the Biden and Obama administrations. “That will be square in the pandemic years when no one was reporting test scores.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘Misleading results’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Matsudaira explained that IPEDS had considered asking colleges for more academic data by race and ethnicity in the past and the Education Department ultimately rejected the proposal. One concern is that slicing and dicing the data into smaller and smaller buckets would mean that there would be too few students and the data would have to be suppressed to protect student privacy. For example, if there were two Native American men in the top 20 percent of SAT scores at one college, many people might be able to guess who they were. And a large amount of suppressed data would make the whole collection less useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, small numbers can lead to wacky results. For example, a small college could have only two Hispanic male applicants with very high SAT scores. If both were accepted, that’s a 100 percent admittance rate. If only 200 white women out of 400 with the same test scores were accepted, that would be only a 50 percent admittance rate. On the surface, that can look like both racial and gender discrimination. But it could have been a fluke. Perhaps both of those Hispanic men were athletes and musicians. The following year, the school might reject two different Hispanic male applicants with high test scores but without such impressive extracurriculars. The admissions rate for Hispanic males with high test scores would drop to zero. “You end up with misleading results,” said Matsudaira.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporting average test scores by race is another big worry. “It feels like a trap to me,” said Matsudaira. “That is mechanically going to give the administration the pretense of claiming that there’s lower standards of admission for Black students relative to white students when you know that’s not at all a correct inference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statistical issue is that there are more Asian and white students at the very high end of the SAT score distribution, and all those perfect 1600s will pull the average up for these racial groups. (Just like a very tall person will skew the average height of a group.) Even if a college has a high test score threshold that it applies to all racial groups and no one below a 1400 is admitted, the average SAT score for Black students will still be lower than that of white students. (See graphic below.) The only way to avoid this is to purely admit by test score and take only the students with the highest scores. At some highly selective universities, there are enough applicants with a 1600 SAT to fill the entire class. But no institution fills its student body by test scores alone. That could mean overlooking applicants with the potential to be concert pianists, star soccer players or great writers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The Average Score Trap\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65718\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-65718\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/08/Hechinger-SAT-Admission-.png\" alt=\"Two graphs side by side\" width=\"1000\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/08/Hechinger-SAT-Admission-.png 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/08/Hechinger-SAT-Admission--160x71.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/08/Hechinger-SAT-Admission--768x343.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This graphic by Kirabo Jackson, an economist at Northwestern University, depicts the problem of measuring racial discrimination though average test scores. Even for a university that admits all students above a certain cut score, the average score of one racial group (red) will be higher than the average score of the other group (blue). Source: graphic posted on Bluesky Social by \u003ca href=\"https://bsky.app/profile/joshua-goodman.com/post/3lvtp7vjk722q\">Josh Goodman\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Admissions data is a highly charged political issue. The Biden administration originally spearheaded the collection of college admissions data by race and ethnicity. Democrats wanted to collect this data to show how the nation’s colleges and universities were becoming less diverse with the end of affirmative action. This data is slated to start this fall, following a full technical and procedural review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the Trump administration is demanding what was already in the works, and adding a host of new data requirements — without following normal processes. And instead of tracking the declining diversity in higher education, Trump wants to use admissions data to threaten colleges and universities. If the new directive produces bad data that is easy to misinterpret, he may get his wish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story about \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-new-college-admissions-data-collection/\">\u003cem>college admissions data\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> was written by Jill Barshay and produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/special-reports/higher-education/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proofpoints/\">\u003cem>Proof Points\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and other \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/newsletters/\">\u003cem>Hechinger newsletters\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Donald Trump wants to collect more admissions data from colleges and universities to make sure they’re complying with a 2023 Supreme Court decision that ended race-conscious affirmative action. And he wants that data now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But data experts and higher education scholars warn that any new admissions data is likely to be inaccurate, impossible to interpret and ultimately misused by policymakers. That’s because Trump’s own policies have left the statistics agency inside the Education Department with a skeleton staff and not enough money, expertise or time to create this new dataset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department already collects data on enrollment from every institution of higher education that participates in the federal student loan program. The results are reported through the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). But in an Aug. 7 \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/08/ensuring-transparency-in-higher-education-admissions/\">memorandum\u003c/a>, Trump directed the Education Department, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/03/improving-education-outcomes-by-empowering-parents-states-and-communities/\">he sought to close in March,\u003c/a> to expand that task and provide “transparency” into how some 1,700 colleges that do not admit everyone are making their admissions decisions. And he gave Education Secretary Linda McMahon just 120 days to get it done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expanding data collection on applicants is not a new idea. The Biden administration had already ordered colleges to start reporting \u003ca href=\"https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAViewDocument?ref_nbr=202402-1850-008\">race and ethnicity data to the department this fall\u003c/a> in order to track changes in diversity in postsecondary education. But in a separate \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed.gov/media/document/secretary-directive-ensuring-transparency-higher-education-admissions-august-7-2025-110497.pdf\">memorandum\u003c/a> to the head of the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), McMahon asked for even more information, including high school grades and college entrance exam scores, all broken down by race and gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan Cook, director of higher education policy at the Urban Institute, a think tank in Washington, D.C., called the 120-day timeline “preposterous” because of the enormous technical challenges. For example, IPEDS has never collected high school GPAs. Some schools use a weighted 5.0 scale, giving extra points for advanced classes, and others use an unweighted 4.0 scale, which makes comparisons messy. Other issues are equally thorny. Many schools no longer require applicants to report standardized test scores and some no longer ask them about race so the data that Trump wants doesn’t exist for those colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got this effort to add these elements without a mechanism with which to vet the new variables, as well as a system for ensuring their proper implementation,” said Cook. “You would almost think that whoever implemented this didn’t know what they were doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook has helped advise the Education Department on the IPEDS data collection for 20 years and served on technical review panels, which are normally convened first to recommend changes to the data collection. Those panels were disbanded earlier this year, and there isn’t one set up to vet Trump’s new admissions data proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook and other data experts can’t figure out how a decimated education statistics agency could take on this task. All six NCES employees who were involved in IPEDS data collection were fired in March, and there are only three employees left out of 100 at NCES, which is run by an acting commissioner who also has several other jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Education Department official, who did not want to be named, denied that no one left inside the Education Department has IPEDS experience. The official said that staff inside the office of the chief data officer, which is separate from the statistics agency, have a “deep familiarity with IPEDS data, its collection and use.” Former Education Department employees told me that some of these employees have experience in analyzing the data, but not in collecting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, there were as many as a dozen employees who worked closely with RTI International, a scientific research institute, which handles most of the IPEDS data collection work.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Technical review eliminated\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Of particular concern is that RTI’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fpds.gov/ezsearch/search.do?q=Integrated+postsecondary+education+data+system++PIID%3A%2291990022F0021%22+PIID%3A%2291990022F0021%22&s=FPDS.GOV&templateName=1.5.3&indexName=awardfull\">$10 million annual contract\u003c/a> to conduct the data collection had been slashed approximately in half by the Department of Government Efficiency, also known as DOGE, according to two former employees, who asked to remain anonymous out of fear of retaliation. Those severe budget cuts eliminated the technical review panels that vet proposed changes to IPEDS, and ended training for colleges and universities to submit data properly, which helped with data quality. RTI did not respond to my request to confirm the cuts or answer questions about the challenges it will face in expanding its work on a reduced budget and staffing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Education Department did not deny that the IPEDS budget had been cut in half. “The RTI contract is focused on the most mission-critical IPEDS activities,” the Education Department official said. “The contract continues to include at least one task under which a technical review panel can be convened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional elements of the IPEDS data collection have also been reduced, including a contract to check data quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the scope of the new task became more apparent. On Aug. 13, the administration released more \u003ca href=\"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-15536.pdf\">details about the new admissions data\u003c/a> it wants, describing how the Education Department is attempting to add a whole new survey to IPEDS, called the Admissions and Consumer Transparency Supplement (ACTS), which will disaggregate all admissions data and most student outcome and financial aid data by race and gender. College will have to report on both undergraduate and graduate school admissions. The public has 60 days to comment, and the administration wants colleges to start reporting this data this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Complex collection\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Christine Keller, executive director of the Association for Institutional Research, a trade group of higher education officials who collect and analyze data, called the new survey “one of the most complex IPEDS collections ever attempted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it has taken years to make much smaller changes to IPEDS, and universities are given a year to start collecting the new data before they are required to submit it. (Roughly 6,000 colleges, universities and vocational schools are required to submit data to IPEDS as a condition for their students to take out federal student loans or receive federal Pell Grants. Failure to comply results in fines and the threat of losing access to federal student aid.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, the Education Department would reveal screenshots of data fields, showing what colleges would need to enter into the IPEDS computer system. But the department has not done that, and several of the data descriptions are ambiguous. For example, colleges will have to report test scores and GPA by quintile, broken down by race and ethnicity and gender. One interpretation is that a college would have to say how many Black male applicants, for example, scored above the 80th percentile on the SAT or the ACT. Another interpretation is that colleges would need to report the average SAT or ACT score of the top 20 percent of Black male applicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Association for Institutional Research used to train college administrators on how to collect and submit data correctly and sort through confusing details — until DOGE eliminated that training. “The absence of comprehensive, federally funded training will only increase institutional burden and risk to data quality,” Keller said. Keller’s organization is now dipping into its own budget to offer a small amount of free \u003ca href=\"https://www.airweb.org/academy/offerings/IPEDS\">IPEDS training to universities\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Education Department is also requiring colleges to report five years of historical admissions data, broken down into numerous subcategories. Institutions have never been asked to keep data on applicants who didn’t enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s incredible they’re asking for five years of prior data,” said Jordan Matsudaira, an economist at American University who worked on education policy in the Biden and Obama administrations. “That will be square in the pandemic years when no one was reporting test scores.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘Misleading results’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Matsudaira explained that IPEDS had considered asking colleges for more academic data by race and ethnicity in the past and the Education Department ultimately rejected the proposal. One concern is that slicing and dicing the data into smaller and smaller buckets would mean that there would be too few students and the data would have to be suppressed to protect student privacy. For example, if there were two Native American men in the top 20 percent of SAT scores at one college, many people might be able to guess who they were. And a large amount of suppressed data would make the whole collection less useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, small numbers can lead to wacky results. For example, a small college could have only two Hispanic male applicants with very high SAT scores. If both were accepted, that’s a 100 percent admittance rate. If only 200 white women out of 400 with the same test scores were accepted, that would be only a 50 percent admittance rate. On the surface, that can look like both racial and gender discrimination. But it could have been a fluke. Perhaps both of those Hispanic men were athletes and musicians. The following year, the school might reject two different Hispanic male applicants with high test scores but without such impressive extracurriculars. The admissions rate for Hispanic males with high test scores would drop to zero. “You end up with misleading results,” said Matsudaira.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporting average test scores by race is another big worry. “It feels like a trap to me,” said Matsudaira. “That is mechanically going to give the administration the pretense of claiming that there’s lower standards of admission for Black students relative to white students when you know that’s not at all a correct inference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statistical issue is that there are more Asian and white students at the very high end of the SAT score distribution, and all those perfect 1600s will pull the average up for these racial groups. (Just like a very tall person will skew the average height of a group.) Even if a college has a high test score threshold that it applies to all racial groups and no one below a 1400 is admitted, the average SAT score for Black students will still be lower than that of white students. (See graphic below.) The only way to avoid this is to purely admit by test score and take only the students with the highest scores. At some highly selective universities, there are enough applicants with a 1600 SAT to fill the entire class. But no institution fills its student body by test scores alone. That could mean overlooking applicants with the potential to be concert pianists, star soccer players or great writers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The Average Score Trap\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65718\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-65718\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/08/Hechinger-SAT-Admission-.png\" alt=\"Two graphs side by side\" width=\"1000\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/08/Hechinger-SAT-Admission-.png 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/08/Hechinger-SAT-Admission--160x71.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2025/08/Hechinger-SAT-Admission--768x343.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This graphic by Kirabo Jackson, an economist at Northwestern University, depicts the problem of measuring racial discrimination though average test scores. Even for a university that admits all students above a certain cut score, the average score of one racial group (red) will be higher than the average score of the other group (blue). Source: graphic posted on Bluesky Social by \u003ca href=\"https://bsky.app/profile/joshua-goodman.com/post/3lvtp7vjk722q\">Josh Goodman\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Admissions data is a highly charged political issue. The Biden administration originally spearheaded the collection of college admissions data by race and ethnicity. Democrats wanted to collect this data to show how the nation’s colleges and universities were becoming less diverse with the end of affirmative action. This data is slated to start this fall, following a full technical and procedural review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the Trump administration is demanding what was already in the works, and adding a host of new data requirements — without following normal processes. And instead of tracking the declining diversity in higher education, Trump wants to use admissions data to threaten colleges and universities. If the new directive produces bad data that is easy to misinterpret, he may get his wish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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