Greater Bay Area Geo-Attractions: Point Reyes National Seashore
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skull on beach","publishDate":1328902713,"status":"inherit","parent":30414,"modified":1328902713,"caption":" Photo submitted to the Bear Valley Visitor Center in Point Reyes National Seashore by an unknown 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He is fascinated by the dynamic processes that shape our planet and the science of reconstructing ancient landscapes preserved in the geologic record. Brian came to the Bay Area in 2003 and completed a Ph.D. in geology at Stanford University in 2008. He lives in Berkeley with his wife, a high school science teacher, and is currently working as a research scientist in the energy industry. Follow him on \u003ca href=\"http://www.twitter.com/clasticdetritus\">Twitter\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Brian Romans | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/brian-romans"},"jennifer-skene":{"type":"authors","id":"10200","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10200","found":true},"name":"Jennifer Skene","firstName":"Jennifer","lastName":"Skene","slug":"jennifer-skene","email":"jen@skene.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Jennifer Skene develops curriculum on climate change and ocean sciences at the Lawrence Hall of Science and teaches biology and science communication at Mills College and the University of California Berkeley. She has a degree in biology from Brown University and a Ph.D. in Integrative Biology from UC Berkeley. She started working with QUEST in 2008 as an intern. She has written for the Berkeley Science Review and the UC Museum of Paleontology’s Understanding Evolution and Understanding Science websites.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jennifer Skene | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jennifer-skene"},"helentaylor":{"type":"authors","id":"10317","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10317","found":true},"name":"Helen Taylor","firstName":"Helen","lastName":"Taylor","slug":"helentaylor","email":"HTaylor@calacademy.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Helen Taylor is a communications manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, where she has the unique privilege of working alongside a herd of scientists, colony of penguins and swarms of research specimens. A lifelong science and nature enthusiast, she built insect collections and solar-powered cars through high school before earning a BA in human development at UC San Diego, and an MA in strategic public relations at USC. In 4+ years at the Academy, she has discovered the importance of ants, the weight of a biodiversity map, and the value of a species survival program, and now sees the natural world in an entirely new light. She is also a jeweler, foodie, and newly-minted diver.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/39a9d018a398147d34193ebe00814637?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Helen Taylor | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/39a9d018a398147d34193ebe00814637?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/39a9d018a398147d34193ebe00814637?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/helentaylor"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_30414":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_30414","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"30414","score":null,"sort":[1329152404000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"one-whales-tale","title":"One Whale's Tale","publishDate":1329152404,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>A rooftop is a long way from the deep blue sea, so when I learned that the skull of a juvenile minke whale was resting atop the California Academy of Sciences' living roof, my curiosity was piqued. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30429\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Minke-Whale-27-Dec-2011-e1328911342328.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Minke-Whale-27-Dec-2011-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"Stranded minke whale\" title=\"Stranded minke whale\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30429\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo submitted to the Bear Valley Visitor Center in Point Reyes National Seashore by an unknown visitor.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On December 27, 2011, a hiker snapped some photos of a whale carcass stranded in a cove just south of Alamere Falls. Point Reyes ecologists forwarded the report to the Bay Area Marine Mammal Stranding Network team, a specialized group of volunteers and representatives from the California Academy of Sciences (which collects tissue samples and bones for its research collections) and the Marine Mammal Center (which leads any necropsy proceedings). In responding to such calls, their goal is to learn as much as possible from the animal's body. When you're talking about a body the size of a whale (literally), the logistics get complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've ever hiked or biked to \u003ca href=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/the-coastal-trail-to-alamere-falls\" title=\"Alamere Falls hike\">Alamere Falls\u003c/a>, you'll know the beautiful spot is not easy to access. Luckily the team received special permission from the National Park Service to drive to Wildcat Camp, shortening their walk to a mile each way. Upon arriving at the scene, they quickly realized that between its location, the tide schedule, and ocean conditions, it would be impossible to access the whale during daylight hours. Unable to perform a necropsy to determine the cause of death, they left it to roll in the surf. This turned out to be a mixed blessing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30439\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Whale_3_Tougher_crop.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Whale_3_Tougher_crop.jpg\" alt=\"Whale skull on beach\" title=\"Whale skull on beach\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30439\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Whale_3_Tougher_crop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Whale_3_Tougher_crop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> Photo submitted to the Bear Valley Visitor Center in Point Reyes National Seashore by an unknown visitor.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After just eleven days, the surf and surge had cleaned the skull and deposited it on the beach. The upside was that nature took care of the dirty work in record time. Typically to recover a skull, the team has to remove enough tissue by hand in order to transport the bones off the beach (not a task for the faint of heart). Then the skull is either buried or left to steep in a saltwater maceration tank for one to two months to finish the cleaning process. The downside to the \"surf method\" is that most of the smaller bones and tissue were lost in the ebb and flow. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30441\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/P1000102-e1328911311727.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/P1000102-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"Hauling the skull down the beach\" title=\"P1000102\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30441\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteer Rick James and Academy Collections Manager Moe Flannery of the Bay Area Marine Mammal Stranding Network towed the skull down the beach at Alamere Falls, using a cart rigged out of two dollies and some inflatable \"beach wheels.\" Photo courtesy of California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A week later, the tides were right to collect the skull specimen, estimated at 200 pounds. The team sought special permission to drive to a point just one mile from the skull, greatly reducing the distance they needed to carry the heavy skull. It took five people two hours and a cart rigged from \"beach wheels\" and a pair of dollies to get the skull to their truck. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the skull is degreasing on the Academy's living roof, visible to museum-goers from the viewing deck. Over the course of the next year, its weight is expected to decrease by about half as rain and gravity work the grease out of the bones, providing nutrients for the native plants below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30438\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Skullonroof-e1328911329210.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Skullonroof-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"Whale skull on Academy's rooftop\" title=\"Skull on roof\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30438\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When complete, the skull will be the largest of five in the Academy's mammalogy collection, and the first collected since 1992.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the scientific community, specimens like this one serve as a record of an animal at a specific location and time, as part of a valuable library of life. For future generations, it can be used to help answer questions about the health of whale populations through time, phylogenetic relationships, even what our ancestors used to eat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The minke whale population is considered stable through most of its range, with an estimated \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/minkewhale.htm\" title=\"Minke whale population\">500-1,000 animals along the California-Oregon-Washington coastline\u003c/a>. Beachgoers in the Bay Area should note that all marine mammals are protected by federal law, even after death. If you spot a dead marine mammal, contact the Academy's \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om/mmsn\" title=\"Ornithology and Mammalogy Department\">Ornithology & Mammalogy Department\u003c/a>. For sick or injured marine mammals, please contact \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\" title=\"Marine Mammal Center\">The Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A rooftop is a long way from the deep blue sea, so when I learned that the skull of a juvenile minke whale was resting atop the California Academy of Sciences' living roof, my curiosity was piqued. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1329840438,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":707},"headData":{"title":"One Whale's Tale | KQED","description":"A rooftop is a long way from the deep blue sea, so when I learned that the skull of a juvenile minke whale was resting atop the California Academy of Sciences' living roof, my curiosity was piqued. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"One Whale's Tale","datePublished":"2012-02-13T17:00:04.000Z","dateModified":"2012-02-21T16:07:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"30414 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=30414","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/13/one-whales-tale/","disqusTitle":"One Whale's Tale","path":"/quest/30414/one-whales-tale","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A rooftop is a long way from the deep blue sea, so when I learned that the skull of a juvenile minke whale was resting atop the California Academy of Sciences' living roof, my curiosity was piqued. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30429\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Minke-Whale-27-Dec-2011-e1328911342328.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Minke-Whale-27-Dec-2011-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"Stranded minke whale\" title=\"Stranded minke whale\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30429\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo submitted to the Bear Valley Visitor Center in Point Reyes National Seashore by an unknown visitor.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On December 27, 2011, a hiker snapped some photos of a whale carcass stranded in a cove just south of Alamere Falls. Point Reyes ecologists forwarded the report to the Bay Area Marine Mammal Stranding Network team, a specialized group of volunteers and representatives from the California Academy of Sciences (which collects tissue samples and bones for its research collections) and the Marine Mammal Center (which leads any necropsy proceedings). In responding to such calls, their goal is to learn as much as possible from the animal's body. When you're talking about a body the size of a whale (literally), the logistics get complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've ever hiked or biked to \u003ca href=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/the-coastal-trail-to-alamere-falls\" title=\"Alamere Falls hike\">Alamere Falls\u003c/a>, you'll know the beautiful spot is not easy to access. Luckily the team received special permission from the National Park Service to drive to Wildcat Camp, shortening their walk to a mile each way. Upon arriving at the scene, they quickly realized that between its location, the tide schedule, and ocean conditions, it would be impossible to access the whale during daylight hours. Unable to perform a necropsy to determine the cause of death, they left it to roll in the surf. This turned out to be a mixed blessing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30439\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Whale_3_Tougher_crop.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Whale_3_Tougher_crop.jpg\" alt=\"Whale skull on beach\" title=\"Whale skull on beach\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30439\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Whale_3_Tougher_crop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Whale_3_Tougher_crop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> Photo submitted to the Bear Valley Visitor Center in Point Reyes National Seashore by an unknown visitor.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After just eleven days, the surf and surge had cleaned the skull and deposited it on the beach. The upside was that nature took care of the dirty work in record time. Typically to recover a skull, the team has to remove enough tissue by hand in order to transport the bones off the beach (not a task for the faint of heart). Then the skull is either buried or left to steep in a saltwater maceration tank for one to two months to finish the cleaning process. The downside to the \"surf method\" is that most of the smaller bones and tissue were lost in the ebb and flow. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30441\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/P1000102-e1328911311727.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/P1000102-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"Hauling the skull down the beach\" title=\"P1000102\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30441\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteer Rick James and Academy Collections Manager Moe Flannery of the Bay Area Marine Mammal Stranding Network towed the skull down the beach at Alamere Falls, using a cart rigged out of two dollies and some inflatable \"beach wheels.\" Photo courtesy of California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A week later, the tides were right to collect the skull specimen, estimated at 200 pounds. The team sought special permission to drive to a point just one mile from the skull, greatly reducing the distance they needed to carry the heavy skull. It took five people two hours and a cart rigged from \"beach wheels\" and a pair of dollies to get the skull to their truck. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the skull is degreasing on the Academy's living roof, visible to museum-goers from the viewing deck. Over the course of the next year, its weight is expected to decrease by about half as rain and gravity work the grease out of the bones, providing nutrients for the native plants below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30438\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Skullonroof-e1328911329210.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Skullonroof-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"Whale skull on Academy's rooftop\" title=\"Skull on roof\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30438\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When complete, the skull will be the largest of five in the Academy's mammalogy collection, and the first collected since 1992.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the scientific community, specimens like this one serve as a record of an animal at a specific location and time, as part of a valuable library of life. For future generations, it can be used to help answer questions about the health of whale populations through time, phylogenetic relationships, even what our ancestors used to eat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The minke whale population is considered stable through most of its range, with an estimated \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/minkewhale.htm\" title=\"Minke whale population\">500-1,000 animals along the California-Oregon-Washington coastline\u003c/a>. Beachgoers in the Bay Area should note that all marine mammals are protected by federal law, even after death. If you spot a dead marine mammal, contact the Academy's \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om/mmsn\" title=\"Ornithology and Mammalogy Department\">Ornithology & Mammalogy Department\u003c/a>. For sick or injured marine mammals, please contact \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\" title=\"Marine Mammal Center\">The Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/30414/one-whales-tale","authors":["10317"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_10691","quest_439","quest_3309","quest_3351","quest_1742","quest_10693","quest_10690","quest_10694","quest_3307","quest_2246","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_10692"],"featImg":"quest_30439","label":"quest"},"quest_28190":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_28190","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"28190","score":null,"sort":[1323108484000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"tidepooling-trip-planner","title":"Tidepooling Trip Planner","publishDate":1323108484,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28193\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/seastar.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/seastar-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seastar\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-28193\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">See sea stars in the intertidal during one of the upcoming super-low tides.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>QUEST blogger Andrew Alden’s recent post about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/01/bay-area-tides/\">Bay Area Tides\u003c/a> got me thinking about pulling on my rubber boots and heading out to the intertidal during an upcoming low tide. In the next few weeks, we’ll get some really low tides during daylight hours—a great opportunity to see the organisms that live on the narrow edge between the land and the ocean.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. (See \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides/\">Science on the Spot: Watching the Tides\u003c/a> for a nice, clear explanation.) The moon is a lot closer to the Earth than the sun is, so the moon’s influence on the tides is far greater than the sun’s. But sometimes, \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_tides/tides06_variations.html\">the sun and the moon can join gravitational forces\u003c/a> and all that gravitational pull can create some really high (and really low) tides. Each year around January 2, Earth, in its elliptical orbit, is closest to the sun. Here, the sun’s gravitational pull on Earth (and Earth’s water) is strongest. The gravitational pull of the moon combines with the gravitational pull of the (relatively) nearby sun when the moon’s position is such that the Earth, sun, and moon are aligned in a straight line. This creates the highest high tides and the lowest low tides of the year. The exact dates vary each year, because it depends on where the moon is in its orbit. Usually we get these super high/super low sun-plus-moon tides, also called \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/01/18/king-tides-could-preview-sea-level-rise/\">King Tides\u003c/a>, in December and January. (When the earth is at the point in its orbit that is farthest from the sun, around July 2, and the moon is aligned just right, we also get super high and super low tides.) Super high tides can give us a preview of sea level rise and help us identify areas that are prone to submergence. And when the tide goes out, super low tides are a great opportunity to go tidepooling! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are quite a few great tidepooling spots in the Bay Area, including \u003ca href=\"http://fitzgeraldreserve.org/\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a>, near Half Moon Bay. QUEST producer Joshua Cassidy made a fantastic \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/03/producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy/\">short film\u003c/a> about intertidal life in the Reserve. \u003ca href=\"http://parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz is another great intertidal area. To see photos of some of its marine life, check out the QUEST Natural Bridges Tidepools Exploration (and see a fun audio slide show I made while I was an intern at QUEST). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My personal favorite place for tidepooling is \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/directions_inpark_highwayone.htm\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a>, which is part of Point Reyes National Seashore and is close to Bolinas Lagoon. It has a really flat, rocky bench, and at low tide you can walk way out. Check out the \u003ca href=\"http://eol.org/pages/481567/overview\">turban snails\u003c/a> (there seem to be zillions at this site), and the different species of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sonoma.edu/users/c/cannon/marinealgae.html\">seaweed\u003c/a> (my favorite intertidal inhabitants). If you’re into identifying things and learning about intertidal ecology, there are a lot of great books out there: \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Seashore-Life-Northern-Pacific-Coast/dp/0295960841/ref=sr_1_fkmr1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323067674&sr=1-1-fkmr1\">Seashore Life of the Northern Pacific Coast\u003c/a> has nice color pictures, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Between-Pacific-Tides-Edward-Ricketts/dp/0804720681/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323067749&sr=1-1\">Between Pacific Tides\u003c/a> is a classic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wear rubber boots with a rugged sole (that seaweed is slippery) and maybe bring a magnifying glass or hand lens. Keep your wits about you, and look up and look around often so the tide doesn’t sneak in on you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To choose a good day to go tidepooling, you need to look at a tide table, which lists the predicted times and tidal heights of all the high and low tides throughout the year. You can often get a tide table for your area at a local surf shop or bait shop. Or, check out \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.shtml\">NOAA’s Tide Predictions\u003c/a>, which has tide tables for tidal stations throughout the country. (Tidal stations are places where the height of the water is measured regularly—often along with weather data. San Francisco’s tidal station is the oldest continuously operating tidal station in the western hemisphere, a fun fact I learned in the Watching the Tides video!) Find the tidal station closest to your tidepooling spot on NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/gmap3/index.shtml?type=TidePredictions®ion=\">map\u003c/a>. My favorite, Duxbury Reef, is closest to the Bolinas Lagoon station. From the \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/noaatidepredictions/viewDailyPredictions.jsp?Stationid=9414958\">Bolinas Lagoon Station’s tide predictions page\u003c/a>, download the station’s tide table—click on the Published Tide Tables Formats on the top right. Look for dates with a nice, low tide—something below 1.0 feet is generally pretty good, depending on the site. To time your visit, it is helpful to look at graph of the predicted height of the tide throughout the day. You can generate a graph for any day this year. In Northern California, wintertime low tides occur in the evening; find out what time the sun sets and plan to finish your intertidal excursion before it gets dark. We have some great low tides coming up on December 9, 23, 24, and 25—with heights at -0.9 feet—so ask for rubber boots for Christmas!\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"QUEST blogger Andrew Alden’s recent post about Bay Area Tides got me thinking about pulling on my rubber boots and heading out to the intertidal during an upcoming low tide. In the next few weeks, we’ll get some really low tides during daylight hours—a great opportunity to see the organisms that live on the narrow edge between the land and the ocean.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443825514,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":859},"headData":{"title":"Tidepooling Trip Planner | KQED","description":"QUEST blogger Andrew Alden’s recent post about Bay Area Tides got me thinking about pulling on my rubber boots and heading out to the intertidal during an upcoming low tide. In the next few weeks, we’ll get some really low tides during daylight hours—a great opportunity to see the organisms that live on the narrow edge between the land and the ocean.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Tidepooling Trip Planner","datePublished":"2011-12-05T18:08:04.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T22:38:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"28190 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=28190","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/05/tidepooling-trip-planner/","disqusTitle":"Tidepooling Trip Planner","path":"/quest/28190/tidepooling-trip-planner","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28193\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/seastar.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/seastar-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seastar\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-28193\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">See sea stars in the intertidal during one of the upcoming super-low tides.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>QUEST blogger Andrew Alden’s recent post about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/01/bay-area-tides/\">Bay Area Tides\u003c/a> got me thinking about pulling on my rubber boots and heading out to the intertidal during an upcoming low tide. In the next few weeks, we’ll get some really low tides during daylight hours—a great opportunity to see the organisms that live on the narrow edge between the land and the ocean.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. (See \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-watching-the-tides/\">Science on the Spot: Watching the Tides\u003c/a> for a nice, clear explanation.) The moon is a lot closer to the Earth than the sun is, so the moon’s influence on the tides is far greater than the sun’s. But sometimes, \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_tides/tides06_variations.html\">the sun and the moon can join gravitational forces\u003c/a> and all that gravitational pull can create some really high (and really low) tides. Each year around January 2, Earth, in its elliptical orbit, is closest to the sun. Here, the sun’s gravitational pull on Earth (and Earth’s water) is strongest. The gravitational pull of the moon combines with the gravitational pull of the (relatively) nearby sun when the moon’s position is such that the Earth, sun, and moon are aligned in a straight line. This creates the highest high tides and the lowest low tides of the year. The exact dates vary each year, because it depends on where the moon is in its orbit. Usually we get these super high/super low sun-plus-moon tides, also called \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/01/18/king-tides-could-preview-sea-level-rise/\">King Tides\u003c/a>, in December and January. (When the earth is at the point in its orbit that is farthest from the sun, around July 2, and the moon is aligned just right, we also get super high and super low tides.) Super high tides can give us a preview of sea level rise and help us identify areas that are prone to submergence. And when the tide goes out, super low tides are a great opportunity to go tidepooling! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are quite a few great tidepooling spots in the Bay Area, including \u003ca href=\"http://fitzgeraldreserve.org/\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a>, near Half Moon Bay. QUEST producer Joshua Cassidy made a fantastic \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/03/producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy/\">short film\u003c/a> about intertidal life in the Reserve. \u003ca href=\"http://parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz is another great intertidal area. To see photos of some of its marine life, check out the QUEST Natural Bridges Tidepools Exploration (and see a fun audio slide show I made while I was an intern at QUEST). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My personal favorite place for tidepooling is \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/directions_inpark_highwayone.htm\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a>, which is part of Point Reyes National Seashore and is close to Bolinas Lagoon. It has a really flat, rocky bench, and at low tide you can walk way out. Check out the \u003ca href=\"http://eol.org/pages/481567/overview\">turban snails\u003c/a> (there seem to be zillions at this site), and the different species of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sonoma.edu/users/c/cannon/marinealgae.html\">seaweed\u003c/a> (my favorite intertidal inhabitants). If you’re into identifying things and learning about intertidal ecology, there are a lot of great books out there: \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Seashore-Life-Northern-Pacific-Coast/dp/0295960841/ref=sr_1_fkmr1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323067674&sr=1-1-fkmr1\">Seashore Life of the Northern Pacific Coast\u003c/a> has nice color pictures, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Between-Pacific-Tides-Edward-Ricketts/dp/0804720681/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323067749&sr=1-1\">Between Pacific Tides\u003c/a> is a classic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wear rubber boots with a rugged sole (that seaweed is slippery) and maybe bring a magnifying glass or hand lens. Keep your wits about you, and look up and look around often so the tide doesn’t sneak in on you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To choose a good day to go tidepooling, you need to look at a tide table, which lists the predicted times and tidal heights of all the high and low tides throughout the year. You can often get a tide table for your area at a local surf shop or bait shop. Or, check out \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.shtml\">NOAA’s Tide Predictions\u003c/a>, which has tide tables for tidal stations throughout the country. (Tidal stations are places where the height of the water is measured regularly—often along with weather data. San Francisco’s tidal station is the oldest continuously operating tidal station in the western hemisphere, a fun fact I learned in the Watching the Tides video!) Find the tidal station closest to your tidepooling spot on NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/gmap3/index.shtml?type=TidePredictions®ion=\">map\u003c/a>. My favorite, Duxbury Reef, is closest to the Bolinas Lagoon station. From the \u003ca href=\"http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/noaatidepredictions/viewDailyPredictions.jsp?Stationid=9414958\">Bolinas Lagoon Station’s tide predictions page\u003c/a>, download the station’s tide table—click on the Published Tide Tables Formats on the top right. Look for dates with a nice, low tide—something below 1.0 feet is generally pretty good, depending on the site. To time your visit, it is helpful to look at graph of the predicted height of the tide throughout the day. You can generate a graph for any day this year. In Northern California, wintertime low tides occur in the evening; find out what time the sun sets and plan to finish your intertidal excursion before it gets dark. We have some great low tides coming up on December 9, 23, 24, and 25—with heights at -0.9 feet—so ask for rubber boots for Christmas!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/28190/tidepooling-trip-planner","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10525","quest_1104","quest_10232","quest_1485","quest_1870","quest_3411","quest_2246","quest_13","quest_2937","quest_2940"],"featImg":"quest_28193","label":"quest"},"quest_12023":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_12023","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"12023","score":null,"sort":[1296854330000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"local-cheese-makers-fear-a-raw-deal-2","title":"Local Cheese Makers Fear a Raw Deal","publishDate":1296854330,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/cows2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/cows2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"cows\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12029\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To raw-milk cheese lovers, pasteurization is the enemy of locavore cheese. Pasteurization may kill microbes like e.coli, but, they say, it also kills a cheese’s \u003ci>terroir\u003c/i>, the unique taste associated with a particular place. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent Fancy Food Show at San Francisco’s Moscone Center, I met Gildas Cochennec, a director of export with Fromi Rungis, a French cheese exporter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In France, Cochennec explained, there are no limits on the kinds of unpasteurized cheeses that can be sold in stores. (Here in the US, raw-milk cheese must be aged 60 days.) That gives the French access to a range of fresh, soft raw-milk cheeses we Americans don’t get. (For instance, “true” camembert, which in France is produced with unpasteurized milk.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Cochennec what we’re missing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/French Importer.mp3\"]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to Gildas Cochennec discuss the flavor of raw-milk vs. pasteurized milk cheese.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, for our radio story, we paid a visit to \u003ca href=\"http://www.pointreyescheese.com/\">Point Reyes Farmstead Cheese Compan\u003c/a>y, which is situated on 700 spectacular acres of farmland overlooking Tomales Bay. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmstead is best known for its award- winning Original Blue. Jill Giacomini-Basch -- one of four sisters who grew up here and, in 2000, returned to start the company -- says this cheese couldn't be made anywhere else. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The milk here is really reflective of the climate, the grasses, the moderate temperature,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every step involved in making this 20 dollar-a-pound blue cheese takes place here, in Point Reyes. The dairy's Holstein cows graze these fields, and every afternoon, their milk is pumped uphill to the make-house, where it’s mixed with cultures, blue mold, salt, and enzymes. Then the curds are poured into round plastic forms, salted, wrapped, and aged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At no point is the milk pasteurized, or, heated to kill bacteria. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Besides destroying the potential bad bacteria,” says head cheesemaker Kuba Hemmerling, pasteurization also destroys “the good bacteria. So obviously you take some of the flavors out of your cheese.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The French have a word for this: \u003cem>terroir\u003c/em>. It refers to the flavor of a particular place at a particular time of year. “I would call it more -- in a good way – farmy,” says Hemmerling. “You taste more of the farm, where the cows were, and what was happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Selling raw, or unpasteurized, milk \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm079516.htm\">is illegal in most states\u003c/a>. But, under federal law, raw-milk \u003ci>cheese\u003c/i> is OK, as long as it’s been aged at least 60 days. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at Farmstead, the cheese is aged for about five months, well over that minimum. The idea is that the aging process both adds to the flavor and kills off harmful bacteria like e. coli O157-H7, which can make its way from an animal’s manure into its milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in recent months, two recalls involving e. coli in raw-milk cheese have brought that law into question: in November, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls/ucm234691.htm\">at Bravo Farms\u003c/a>, near Fresno, then in December, at \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm237304.htm\">Sally Jackson Cheese\u003c/a>, in Washington State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Acheson, a former associate commissioner for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, says laboratory tests have suggested that e.coli O157, and possibly other microbes, as well, can survive the 60-day aging process. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s real concern that the 60 days isn’t long enough,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, there are about 40 reported cases a year of people getting sick from raw-milk cheese, nationwide, according to the Centers for Disease Control. During a 15-year period between 1993 and 2008, two people died from those illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a small fraction of the outbreaks that have been traced back to ground beef, for example, and the number has stayed fairly constant. Still, the FDA says raw-milk cheese is a growing concern. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, the agency is increasing inspections at creameries across the country and, officials there say, revisiting the science behind the 60-day rule. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on what it finds out, the FDA could extend its minimum aging period. Or, it could follow the lead of Australia and Korea, and outlaw raw-milk cheese entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christine Hyatt, who heads the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cheesesociety.org/\">American Cheese Society\u003c/a> says this scare over raw-milk cheese gives her a sense of déjà vu, to the early 2000s, when a series of cheese recalls created, she says, “a similar energy, or vibe, shall we say, in the industry.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those concerns died down, Hyatt says, once Americans realized that as much as a third of the cheese on supermarket shelves comes from raw milk. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parmigiano-Reggiano, Gruyere, Roquefort,” she lists, “they are all made with raw milk and have been for thousands of years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hyatt says rather than outlaw raw-milk cheeses, the FDA \u003ca href=\"http://www.cheesesociety.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=304\">should work with producers\u003c/a> to make sure their facilities are as clean as possible. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recalls, she says, have been a wake up call “that cheesemakers need to bump it up a notch. And I think a majority of our cheesemakers already do that, as evidenced by the fact that these issues don’t really surface that often.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Jill Giacomini Bacsh and I take off our hairnets and plastic booties, which are required in the make-room, we step through what looks like a stream of bubbles that pulses onto the floor every ten minutes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giacomini Basch says precautions like these are life or death to her family's operation. The recalls are a reminder of just how easy it would be to lose this land whose flavors her family works so hard to preserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You really can’t be too careful,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/2011-02-07-quest.mp3\"]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/local-cheese-makers-fear-a-raw-deal\">Local Cheese Makers Fear a Raw Deal\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vat2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vat2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"vat\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12027\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vat2.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vat2-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.17667141871774 -122.75161743164062\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Pasteurization may kill microbes like e.coli, but, they say, it also kills a cheese’s \u003ci>terroir\u003c/i>, the unique taste associated with a particular place.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371064532,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1049},"headData":{"title":"Local Cheese Makers Fear a Raw Deal | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Local Cheese Makers Fear a Raw Deal","datePublished":"2011-02-04T21:18:50.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T19:15:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"12023 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2011/02/04/local-cheese-makers-fear-a-raw-deal/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/04/local-cheese-makers-fear-a-raw-deal-2/","disqusTitle":"Local Cheese Makers Fear a Raw Deal","path":"/quest/12023/local-cheese-makers-fear-a-raw-deal-2","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/2011-02-07-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/cows2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/cows2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"cows\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12029\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To raw-milk cheese lovers, pasteurization is the enemy of locavore cheese. Pasteurization may kill microbes like e.coli, but, they say, it also kills a cheese’s \u003ci>terroir\u003c/i>, the unique taste associated with a particular place. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent Fancy Food Show at San Francisco’s Moscone Center, I met Gildas Cochennec, a director of export with Fromi Rungis, a French cheese exporter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In France, Cochennec explained, there are no limits on the kinds of unpasteurized cheeses that can be sold in stores. (Here in the US, raw-milk cheese must be aged 60 days.) That gives the French access to a range of fresh, soft raw-milk cheeses we Americans don’t get. (For instance, “true” camembert, which in France is produced with unpasteurized milk.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Cochennec what we’re missing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/French Importer.mp3\"]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to Gildas Cochennec discuss the flavor of raw-milk vs. pasteurized milk cheese.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, for our radio story, we paid a visit to \u003ca href=\"http://www.pointreyescheese.com/\">Point Reyes Farmstead Cheese Compan\u003c/a>y, which is situated on 700 spectacular acres of farmland overlooking Tomales Bay. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmstead is best known for its award- winning Original Blue. Jill Giacomini-Basch -- one of four sisters who grew up here and, in 2000, returned to start the company -- says this cheese couldn't be made anywhere else. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The milk here is really reflective of the climate, the grasses, the moderate temperature,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every step involved in making this 20 dollar-a-pound blue cheese takes place here, in Point Reyes. The dairy's Holstein cows graze these fields, and every afternoon, their milk is pumped uphill to the make-house, where it’s mixed with cultures, blue mold, salt, and enzymes. Then the curds are poured into round plastic forms, salted, wrapped, and aged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At no point is the milk pasteurized, or, heated to kill bacteria. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Besides destroying the potential bad bacteria,” says head cheesemaker Kuba Hemmerling, pasteurization also destroys “the good bacteria. So obviously you take some of the flavors out of your cheese.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The French have a word for this: \u003cem>terroir\u003c/em>. It refers to the flavor of a particular place at a particular time of year. “I would call it more -- in a good way – farmy,” says Hemmerling. “You taste more of the farm, where the cows were, and what was happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Selling raw, or unpasteurized, milk \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm079516.htm\">is illegal in most states\u003c/a>. But, under federal law, raw-milk \u003ci>cheese\u003c/i> is OK, as long as it’s been aged at least 60 days. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at Farmstead, the cheese is aged for about five months, well over that minimum. The idea is that the aging process both adds to the flavor and kills off harmful bacteria like e. coli O157-H7, which can make its way from an animal’s manure into its milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in recent months, two recalls involving e. coli in raw-milk cheese have brought that law into question: in November, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls/ucm234691.htm\">at Bravo Farms\u003c/a>, near Fresno, then in December, at \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm237304.htm\">Sally Jackson Cheese\u003c/a>, in Washington State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Acheson, a former associate commissioner for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, says laboratory tests have suggested that e.coli O157, and possibly other microbes, as well, can survive the 60-day aging process. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s real concern that the 60 days isn’t long enough,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, there are about 40 reported cases a year of people getting sick from raw-milk cheese, nationwide, according to the Centers for Disease Control. During a 15-year period between 1993 and 2008, two people died from those illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a small fraction of the outbreaks that have been traced back to ground beef, for example, and the number has stayed fairly constant. Still, the FDA says raw-milk cheese is a growing concern. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, the agency is increasing inspections at creameries across the country and, officials there say, revisiting the science behind the 60-day rule. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on what it finds out, the FDA could extend its minimum aging period. Or, it could follow the lead of Australia and Korea, and outlaw raw-milk cheese entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christine Hyatt, who heads the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cheesesociety.org/\">American Cheese Society\u003c/a> says this scare over raw-milk cheese gives her a sense of déjà vu, to the early 2000s, when a series of cheese recalls created, she says, “a similar energy, or vibe, shall we say, in the industry.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those concerns died down, Hyatt says, once Americans realized that as much as a third of the cheese on supermarket shelves comes from raw milk. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parmigiano-Reggiano, Gruyere, Roquefort,” she lists, “they are all made with raw milk and have been for thousands of years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hyatt says rather than outlaw raw-milk cheeses, the FDA \u003ca href=\"http://www.cheesesociety.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=304\">should work with producers\u003c/a> to make sure their facilities are as clean as possible. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recalls, she says, have been a wake up call “that cheesemakers need to bump it up a notch. And I think a majority of our cheesemakers already do that, as evidenced by the fact that these issues don’t really surface that often.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Jill Giacomini Bacsh and I take off our hairnets and plastic booties, which are required in the make-room, we step through what looks like a stream of bubbles that pulses onto the floor every ten minutes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giacomini Basch says precautions like these are life or death to her family's operation. The recalls are a reminder of just how easy it would be to lose this land whose flavors her family works so hard to preserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You really can’t be too careful,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/2011-02-07-quest.mp3\"]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/local-cheese-makers-fear-a-raw-deal\">Local Cheese Makers Fear a Raw Deal\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vat2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vat2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"vat\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12027\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vat2.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vat2-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.17667141871774 -122.75161743164062\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/12023/local-cheese-makers-fear-a-raw-deal-2","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_12"],"tags":["quest_3455","quest_3465","quest_252","quest_3505","quest_3513","quest_3538","quest_3572","quest_3573","quest_3625","quest_13203","quest_3689","quest_2246","quest_3731","quest_3811"],"featImg":"quest_12026","label":"quest"},"quest_8042":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_8042","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"8042","score":null,"sort":[1284049470000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"greater-bay-area-geo-attractions-point-reyes-national-seashore","title":"Greater Bay Area Geo-Attractions: Point Reyes National Seashore","publishDate":1284049470,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/header.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The rocks exposed on Point Reyes tell a geologic story that is uniquely Californian.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the first of a series of posts I plan to write highlighting the spectacular and fascinating geology on display in the Bay Area and surrounding region. In many cases, the landscapes and rocks that tell the geologic story of California are also areas where one can see interesting wildlife and where the scenery is beautiful. So, even if you aren’t interested in geology (or, don't think you're interested in geology) I hope the information in these posts might add an extra element to your next trip to the Bay Area outdoors.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the best aspects of being a geologist is acquiring the skills to read the landscape. Geology isn’t so much about picking up some interesting-looking rock and identifying it with its scientific name. Geology, to me, is about looking at the landscape in front of you and pondering how it came to be. This may seem daunting if you don’t have a lot of experience or formal training, but that’s what makes it fun. Ask yourself: Why is that mountain there? Why is that mountain shaped that way? Why is that piece of land sticking out into the ocean like that? Why does that river take that turn there? And so on. Geologists rarely go to a place they’ve never been and magically understand the geology on display at first glance. (And if they do, that’s what we in the field call “arm waving.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Context is incredibly important — geologists do not go out into a new field area without learning something about the area. That’s certainly true for doing real field research, but it’s also true for visiting a place for fun. Having a simple map and brief description of the fundamental work that was done many decades ago is a fantastic start. Just a little bit of googling nowadays can uncover some fantastic resources to give you that context. This \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1127/chapter9.pdf\">freely available field guide\u003c/a> (opens a PDF*) from the U.S. Geologic Survey is what I used this past weekend when I visited Point Reyes National Seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/9-9_PtReyes-geol-map.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/9-9_PtReyes-geol-map.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"9-9_PtReyes-geol-map\" width=\"600\" height=\"689\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8043\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generalized geologic map of Point Reyes Peninsula. Credit: \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1127/http://http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1127/chapter9.pdf\">USGS\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first thing I do when thinking about the geology of an area is to zoom way out and get the big picture. What are the large-scale geologic features to be aware of? This question is especially important in California because we have the relatively unique experience of being able to view how the geology changes across a tectonic plate boundary. The San Andreas Fault system dominates the larger-scale geologic configuration of the greater Bay Area. Before I moved to California I wasn’t used to asking myself the question: What plate am I on right now? But this is something you need to do in this area. The San Andreas Fault system separates the Pacific plate to the west from the North American plate to the east. While the vast majority of the Pacific plate is oceanic crust covered by the ocean from which it is named, there is a good amount of real estate here in California that can be described as chunks of continental crust. These pieces of crust originated hundreds of miles to the south and have been moved northward over many millions of years along the San Andreas Fault system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_8044\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 610px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/9-9_dipping.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-8044\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/9-9_dipping.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sedimentary rocks exposed along Drake's Bay (photo courtesy of Brian Romans)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Point Reyes Peninsula is one such chunk that has been moved northward along this plate boundary. I’ve always been struck by how Point Reyes simply \u003cem>looked\u003c/em> like it was out of place — there it is, this broad peninsula with large rolling hills separated from the “mainland” by the narrow and elongate Tomales Bay. It turns out that Tomales Bay is there because it marks the trace of the San Andrea Fault zone. In many areas, the fault zone is a zone of fractured and weaker rock and, thus, its more easily eroded and expressed as a valley. In this case, the fault zone is very close to the present coast and partially flooded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The geology exposed on the Point Reyes Peninsula is unique compared to the geology to the east of the San Andreas. In addition to the main San Andreas fault displacing this area to the north, another fault, the San Gregorio fault, has displaced the peninsula even further north. I know, it’s a bit confusing, but this is what makes California geology so fun! Putting these puzzle pieces back together is in some cases quite straightforward and, in other cases, the focus of decades of scholarly contention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_8045\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 610px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/9-9_beach-cliff.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-8045\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/9-9_beach-cliff.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beach cliff exposures at Sculptured Beach, Point Reyes (photo courtesy of Brian Romans)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The geology on the peninsula itself is fascinating. The Inverness Ridge is a ridge mainly because of the more resistant igneous rock — granite to be specific — that is present there (the pink color in the geologic map above). The green, yellow, and brown colors are much younger, mostly marine, sedimentary rocks that are exposed sporadically on ridges or in valleys inland and also in some beach cliffs along the coast as shown in the photo above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the map shows there is a relatively small exposure of the same granite exposed along Inverness Ridge that is present at the lighthouse and Chimney Rock way at the end of the point. If you’ve ever been there you know that the point is also topographically higher. The explanation is that the peninsula itself is broadly folded — the two sides of exposed granite (the pink areas on the map) are bent up with the younger, much more easily erodible, sedimentary rocks sitting on top. In fact, the large estuary called Drake’s Estero is the lowest part of the peninsula because it’s the axis, or lowest part, of this broad fold (that northwest-southeast trending double arrow marks the location of this fold axis).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The features I describe in this post are the larger-scale patterns that are apparent on the geologic map and what can be seen when you find yourself at one of the many sweeping vistas while hiking the peninsula. The USGS field guide I refer to in this post, and many other online and offline references, discuss the geology of Point Reyes in more detail. If you’re out to view the birds in the wetlands, kayaking Tomales Bay, or simply enjoying the beautiful scenery on a hike think about bringing along one of these geologic field guides to give you a bit of context. You don’t need to study it and be an expert — a little bit of knowledge can go a long way in enriching your experience of the Bay Area’s landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ffffff\">-\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>* \u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cem>The chapter on Point Reyes is only one of numerous chapters highlighting various locations \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1127\">in the greater Bay Area to view geology related the San Andreas Fault system.\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.082149069461785 -122.92488100938499\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Point Reyes National Seashore is not only a haven for birds and other wildlife but has a geologic story that is uniquely Californian. Learn about this area in the first in a series of posts highlighting the geology of the Bay Area's scenic landscapes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1284049470,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":1200},"headData":{"title":"Greater Bay Area Geo-Attractions: Point Reyes National Seashore | KQED","description":"Point Reyes National Seashore is not only a haven for birds and other wildlife but has a geologic story that is uniquely Californian. Learn about this area in the first in a series of posts highlighting the geology of the Bay Area's scenic landscapes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Greater Bay Area Geo-Attractions: Point Reyes National Seashore","datePublished":"2010-09-09T16:24:30.000Z","dateModified":"2010-09-09T16:24:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"8042 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=8042","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/09/09/greater-bay-area-geo-attractions-point-reyes-national-seashore/","disqusTitle":"Greater Bay Area Geo-Attractions: Point Reyes National Seashore","path":"/quest/8042/greater-bay-area-geo-attractions-point-reyes-national-seashore","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/header.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The rocks exposed on Point Reyes tell a geologic story that is uniquely Californian.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the first of a series of posts I plan to write highlighting the spectacular and fascinating geology on display in the Bay Area and surrounding region. In many cases, the landscapes and rocks that tell the geologic story of California are also areas where one can see interesting wildlife and where the scenery is beautiful. So, even if you aren’t interested in geology (or, don't think you're interested in geology) I hope the information in these posts might add an extra element to your next trip to the Bay Area outdoors.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the best aspects of being a geologist is acquiring the skills to read the landscape. Geology isn’t so much about picking up some interesting-looking rock and identifying it with its scientific name. Geology, to me, is about looking at the landscape in front of you and pondering how it came to be. This may seem daunting if you don’t have a lot of experience or formal training, but that’s what makes it fun. Ask yourself: Why is that mountain there? Why is that mountain shaped that way? Why is that piece of land sticking out into the ocean like that? Why does that river take that turn there? And so on. Geologists rarely go to a place they’ve never been and magically understand the geology on display at first glance. (And if they do, that’s what we in the field call “arm waving.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Context is incredibly important — geologists do not go out into a new field area without learning something about the area. That’s certainly true for doing real field research, but it’s also true for visiting a place for fun. Having a simple map and brief description of the fundamental work that was done many decades ago is a fantastic start. Just a little bit of googling nowadays can uncover some fantastic resources to give you that context. This \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1127/chapter9.pdf\">freely available field guide\u003c/a> (opens a PDF*) from the U.S. Geologic Survey is what I used this past weekend when I visited Point Reyes National Seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/9-9_PtReyes-geol-map.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/9-9_PtReyes-geol-map.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"9-9_PtReyes-geol-map\" width=\"600\" height=\"689\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8043\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generalized geologic map of Point Reyes Peninsula. Credit: \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1127/http://http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1127/chapter9.pdf\">USGS\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first thing I do when thinking about the geology of an area is to zoom way out and get the big picture. What are the large-scale geologic features to be aware of? This question is especially important in California because we have the relatively unique experience of being able to view how the geology changes across a tectonic plate boundary. The San Andreas Fault system dominates the larger-scale geologic configuration of the greater Bay Area. Before I moved to California I wasn’t used to asking myself the question: What plate am I on right now? But this is something you need to do in this area. The San Andreas Fault system separates the Pacific plate to the west from the North American plate to the east. While the vast majority of the Pacific plate is oceanic crust covered by the ocean from which it is named, there is a good amount of real estate here in California that can be described as chunks of continental crust. These pieces of crust originated hundreds of miles to the south and have been moved northward over many millions of years along the San Andreas Fault system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_8044\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 610px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/9-9_dipping.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-8044\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/9-9_dipping.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sedimentary rocks exposed along Drake's Bay (photo courtesy of Brian Romans)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Point Reyes Peninsula is one such chunk that has been moved northward along this plate boundary. I’ve always been struck by how Point Reyes simply \u003cem>looked\u003c/em> like it was out of place — there it is, this broad peninsula with large rolling hills separated from the “mainland” by the narrow and elongate Tomales Bay. It turns out that Tomales Bay is there because it marks the trace of the San Andrea Fault zone. In many areas, the fault zone is a zone of fractured and weaker rock and, thus, its more easily eroded and expressed as a valley. In this case, the fault zone is very close to the present coast and partially flooded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The geology exposed on the Point Reyes Peninsula is unique compared to the geology to the east of the San Andreas. In addition to the main San Andreas fault displacing this area to the north, another fault, the San Gregorio fault, has displaced the peninsula even further north. I know, it’s a bit confusing, but this is what makes California geology so fun! Putting these puzzle pieces back together is in some cases quite straightforward and, in other cases, the focus of decades of scholarly contention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_8045\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 610px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/9-9_beach-cliff.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-8045\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/9-9_beach-cliff.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beach cliff exposures at Sculptured Beach, Point Reyes (photo courtesy of Brian Romans)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The geology on the peninsula itself is fascinating. The Inverness Ridge is a ridge mainly because of the more resistant igneous rock — granite to be specific — that is present there (the pink color in the geologic map above). The green, yellow, and brown colors are much younger, mostly marine, sedimentary rocks that are exposed sporadically on ridges or in valleys inland and also in some beach cliffs along the coast as shown in the photo above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the map shows there is a relatively small exposure of the same granite exposed along Inverness Ridge that is present at the lighthouse and Chimney Rock way at the end of the point. If you’ve ever been there you know that the point is also topographically higher. The explanation is that the peninsula itself is broadly folded — the two sides of exposed granite (the pink areas on the map) are bent up with the younger, much more easily erodible, sedimentary rocks sitting on top. In fact, the large estuary called Drake’s Estero is the lowest part of the peninsula because it’s the axis, or lowest part, of this broad fold (that northwest-southeast trending double arrow marks the location of this fold axis).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The features I describe in this post are the larger-scale patterns that are apparent on the geologic map and what can be seen when you find yourself at one of the many sweeping vistas while hiking the peninsula. The USGS field guide I refer to in this post, and many other online and offline references, discuss the geology of Point Reyes in more detail. If you’re out to view the birds in the wetlands, kayaking Tomales Bay, or simply enjoying the beautiful scenery on a hike think about bringing along one of these geologic field guides to give you a bit of context. You don’t need to study it and be an expert — a little bit of knowledge can go a long way in enriching your experience of the Bay Area’s landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ffffff\">-\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>* \u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cem>The chapter on Point Reyes is only one of numerous chapters highlighting various locations \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1127\">in the greater Bay Area to view geology related the San Andreas Fault system.\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.082149069461785 -122.92488100938499\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/8042/greater-bay-area-geo-attractions-point-reyes-national-seashore","authors":["10171"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_13200","quest_2246"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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