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Photo by Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles © California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Adorable sea otter souvenirs—sweatshirts, posters, plush toys—abound in central and Northern California. There’s even an otter on the bag of coffee beans in my kitchen. They’re local icons, and with a face like that, it’s easy to see why. But sea otters themselves are not so plentiful. In honor of \u003ca href=\"http://www.seaotterweek.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Sea Otter Awareness Week\u003c/a> at the end of September, I’m taking a closer look at what’s behind that furry façade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most southern sea otters (\u003cem>Enhydra lutris nereis\u003c/em>) live along the 150 miles of coastline between Santa Cruz and Pismo Beach, and are federally classified as threatened. They are considered a keystone species in kelp ecosystems like those in Monterey Bay because they prey on invertebrates like urchins, which, left unchecked, could decimate the kelp beds many fish depend on for habitat. \u003ca href=\"http://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2008/05/research.html\">However, not all otters eat the same thing\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43813\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/17/the-state-of-californias-sea-otters/langstroth_s/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43813\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Langstroth_s.jpg\" alt=\"Sea otter skull\" title=\"Sea otter skull\" width=\"300\" height=\"216\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43813\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Otters that specialize in purple sea urchins accumulate purple pigment in their teeth and bones over time, as seen here. The older the animal, the more pronounced the color. Photo by Lovell and Libby Langstroth © California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At San Nicolas Island in southern California, where a small population of otters was reintroduced in the late 1980s, otter diets are very consistent across individuals. But among central California sea otters, where the population is denser and food is scarcer, otters tend to specialize in a particular food source like snails, crabs, or purple urchins. One of the questions ecologists hope to answer, now that they understand this differentiation, is whether there is a link between specialized diets and infectious disease. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3369#.UEk3bJZVCqJ\">The U.S. Geological Survey just issued its spring census report\u003c/a>, which shows that the population of southern sea otters has increased about two percent since 2010, reaching 2,792. For a species that was presumed extinct in California until a group of less than fifty was rediscovered in the 1930s, this is certainly progress. But their population growth seems to have reached a plateau, and the contributing factors are a complex puzzle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the otter population did increase slightly, so did the mortality rate. In 2011, scientists documented a record high of 335 stranded sea otters, and made an effort to examine each one to determine what led to their injuries or deaths. One of the most surprising findings was that “tasting” bites from sharks accounted for 30 percent of sea otter deaths, up from 8 percent in the 1980s and ‘90s. Other otters, ironically, perish while mating. (Male otters are very aggressive, and have been known to inflict fatal wounds or drown their mates in the throes of passion.) Additional causes of death seen year over year, including infectious diseases, parasites and harmful algae blooms, can be attributed to human activity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Availability of food ultimately dictates how large a population can grow in one area, and there is growing evidence that the central coast population is reaching a point of saturation. If the otters were to spread out into new territory, that pressure could be reduced, but scientists have not observed that happening as of yet. In order to be “delisted” as threatened, the southern sea otter population would need to exceed 3,090 for three consecutive years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data about local sea otter populations doesn’t collect itself. Scientists and volunteers use shore-based spotting scopes and aircraft to conduct annual surveys. And organizations including the California Academy of Sciences, Marine Mammal Center, Monterey Bay Aquarium, and U.S. Geological Survey coordinate to respond to reports of stranded or dead marine mammals, collecting data and samples that will help them answer critical questions now and for decades to come. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are curious to learn more about these fascinating creatures’ behaviors, check out some of the local activities planned in celebration of Sea Otter Awareness Week:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>September 22 – 30\u003cbr>\nSea otter specimens and family-friendly activities at the California Academy of Sciences\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe California Academy of Sciences is home to the world’s largest collection of skulls, skeletons, and other preserved samples of the southern sea otter. Throughout the week, stop by the Project Lab to see select specimens on display, and check out sea otter-themed resources and games in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/science/naturalist_center/\">Naturalist Center\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/science/early_explorers_cove/index.php\">Early Explorers Cove\u003c/a>. Finally, view sea otter skulls being prepared in the Project Lab and talk to biologists at a special sea otter table during \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/events/nightlife/\">NightLife \u003c/a>on September 27 (6:00-10:00 pm for ages 21+). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sunday, September 23, from 9:00 am – 4:30 pm\u003cbr>\nSea Otter Awareness Kayak and Movie at Elkhorn Slough\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKick off Sea Otter Awareness Week face to face with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.elkhornslough.org/calendar/index.htm\">otters of Elkhorn Slough\u003c/a>. Start with a kayak tour from Kirby Park to Moss Landing, followed by lunch, Q&A, and a special screening of the film Otter 501. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thursday, September 27 at 7pm\u003cbr>\nFree sea otter talks at \u003ca href=\"http://seymourcenter.ucsc.edu/calendar.html\">Long Marine Lab’s Seymour Center\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTopics include \u003cem>If I Only Had A Hammer: Tool Use by Sea Otters\u003c/em>, and \u003cem>The Land Sea Connection: What Southern Sea Otters Can Tell Us about Coastal Health\u003c/em>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit the national calendar of events for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seaotterweek.org/#!events/cmm9\">10th Annual Sea Otter Awareness Week\u003c/a> for more. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Southern sea otters are local icons, gracing a plethora of souvenirs, murals and postcards throughout central and northern California. With a face like that, it’s easy to see why. But sea otters themselves are not so plentiful. In honor of Sea Otter Awareness Week at the end of September, take a closer look at what’s behind that furry façade.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1349809156,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":904},"headData":{"title":"The State of California's Sea Otters | KQED","description":"Southern sea otters are local icons, gracing a plethora of souvenirs, murals and postcards throughout central and northern California. With a face like that, it’s easy to see why. But sea otters themselves are not so plentiful. In honor of Sea Otter Awareness Week at the end of September, take a closer look at what’s behind that furry façade.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The State of California's Sea Otters","datePublished":"2012-09-17T15:00:27.000Z","dateModified":"2012-10-09T18:59:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"43795 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=43795","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/17/the-state-of-californias-sea-otters/","disqusTitle":"The State of California's Sea Otters","path":"/quest/43795/the-state-of-californias-sea-otters","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43814\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 630px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/17/the-state-of-californias-sea-otters/ingles_630/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43814\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Ingles_630.jpg\" alt=\"Southern sea otter\" title=\"Southern sea otter\" width=\"630\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43814\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Ingles_630.jpg 630w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Ingles_630-400x229.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Southern sea otter in Monterey County. Photo by Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles © California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Adorable sea otter souvenirs—sweatshirts, posters, plush toys—abound in central and Northern California. There’s even an otter on the bag of coffee beans in my kitchen. They’re local icons, and with a face like that, it’s easy to see why. But sea otters themselves are not so plentiful. In honor of \u003ca href=\"http://www.seaotterweek.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Sea Otter Awareness Week\u003c/a> at the end of September, I’m taking a closer look at what’s behind that furry façade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most southern sea otters (\u003cem>Enhydra lutris nereis\u003c/em>) live along the 150 miles of coastline between Santa Cruz and Pismo Beach, and are federally classified as threatened. They are considered a keystone species in kelp ecosystems like those in Monterey Bay because they prey on invertebrates like urchins, which, left unchecked, could decimate the kelp beds many fish depend on for habitat. \u003ca href=\"http://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2008/05/research.html\">However, not all otters eat the same thing\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43813\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/17/the-state-of-californias-sea-otters/langstroth_s/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43813\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Langstroth_s.jpg\" alt=\"Sea otter skull\" title=\"Sea otter skull\" width=\"300\" height=\"216\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43813\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Otters that specialize in purple sea urchins accumulate purple pigment in their teeth and bones over time, as seen here. The older the animal, the more pronounced the color. Photo by Lovell and Libby Langstroth © California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At San Nicolas Island in southern California, where a small population of otters was reintroduced in the late 1980s, otter diets are very consistent across individuals. But among central California sea otters, where the population is denser and food is scarcer, otters tend to specialize in a particular food source like snails, crabs, or purple urchins. One of the questions ecologists hope to answer, now that they understand this differentiation, is whether there is a link between specialized diets and infectious disease. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3369#.UEk3bJZVCqJ\">The U.S. Geological Survey just issued its spring census report\u003c/a>, which shows that the population of southern sea otters has increased about two percent since 2010, reaching 2,792. For a species that was presumed extinct in California until a group of less than fifty was rediscovered in the 1930s, this is certainly progress. But their population growth seems to have reached a plateau, and the contributing factors are a complex puzzle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the otter population did increase slightly, so did the mortality rate. In 2011, scientists documented a record high of 335 stranded sea otters, and made an effort to examine each one to determine what led to their injuries or deaths. One of the most surprising findings was that “tasting” bites from sharks accounted for 30 percent of sea otter deaths, up from 8 percent in the 1980s and ‘90s. Other otters, ironically, perish while mating. (Male otters are very aggressive, and have been known to inflict fatal wounds or drown their mates in the throes of passion.) Additional causes of death seen year over year, including infectious diseases, parasites and harmful algae blooms, can be attributed to human activity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Availability of food ultimately dictates how large a population can grow in one area, and there is growing evidence that the central coast population is reaching a point of saturation. If the otters were to spread out into new territory, that pressure could be reduced, but scientists have not observed that happening as of yet. In order to be “delisted” as threatened, the southern sea otter population would need to exceed 3,090 for three consecutive years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data about local sea otter populations doesn’t collect itself. Scientists and volunteers use shore-based spotting scopes and aircraft to conduct annual surveys. And organizations including the California Academy of Sciences, Marine Mammal Center, Monterey Bay Aquarium, and U.S. Geological Survey coordinate to respond to reports of stranded or dead marine mammals, collecting data and samples that will help them answer critical questions now and for decades to come. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are curious to learn more about these fascinating creatures’ behaviors, check out some of the local activities planned in celebration of Sea Otter Awareness Week:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>September 22 – 30\u003cbr>\nSea otter specimens and family-friendly activities at the California Academy of Sciences\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe California Academy of Sciences is home to the world’s largest collection of skulls, skeletons, and other preserved samples of the southern sea otter. Throughout the week, stop by the Project Lab to see select specimens on display, and check out sea otter-themed resources and games in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/science/naturalist_center/\">Naturalist Center\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/science/early_explorers_cove/index.php\">Early Explorers Cove\u003c/a>. Finally, view sea otter skulls being prepared in the Project Lab and talk to biologists at a special sea otter table during \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/events/nightlife/\">NightLife \u003c/a>on September 27 (6:00-10:00 pm for ages 21+). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sunday, September 23, from 9:00 am – 4:30 pm\u003cbr>\nSea Otter Awareness Kayak and Movie at Elkhorn Slough\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKick off Sea Otter Awareness Week face to face with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.elkhornslough.org/calendar/index.htm\">otters of Elkhorn Slough\u003c/a>. Start with a kayak tour from Kirby Park to Moss Landing, followed by lunch, Q&A, and a special screening of the film Otter 501. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thursday, September 27 at 7pm\u003cbr>\nFree sea otter talks at \u003ca href=\"http://seymourcenter.ucsc.edu/calendar.html\">Long Marine Lab’s Seymour Center\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTopics include \u003cem>If I Only Had A Hammer: Tool Use by Sea Otters\u003c/em>, and \u003cem>The Land Sea Connection: What Southern Sea Otters Can Tell Us about Coastal Health\u003c/em>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit the national calendar of events for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seaotterweek.org/#!events/cmm9\">10th Annual Sea Otter Awareness Week\u003c/a> for more. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/43795/the-state-of-californias-sea-otters","authors":["10317"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_439","quest_3309","quest_13199","quest_1741","quest_1742","quest_10693","quest_1865","quest_13213","quest_3307","quest_2090","quest_13202","quest_2562","quest_11437","quest_3048"],"featImg":"quest_43814","label":"quest"},"quest_28060":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_28060","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"28060","score":null,"sort":[1322870409000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"porpoises-return-to-san-francisco-bay","title":"Porpoises Return to San Francisco Bay","publishDate":1322870409,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.acsonline.org/factpack/HarborPorpoise.htm\">Harbor porpoises\u003c/a> haven't been seen in San Francisco Bay for more than 60 years. But now, they're coming back through the Golden Gate in growing numbers and researchers are trying to understand why they’re returning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best place to look for them is 220 feet above the water on the pedestrian walkway across the Golden Gate Bridge. That's where Bill Keener of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ggcetacean.org/Home_Page.html\">Golden Gate Cetacean Research\u003c/a> photographs them, holding a massive telephoto lens over the side of the railing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a porpoise right there, coming very, very close,\" he says pointing. A dark shape appears in the water. It's a harbor porpoise, coming up for air. \"And here's a mother and calf coming straight at us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The porpoises have dark gray backs and pale bellies. They're about five feet long, smaller than most of their dolphin relatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Look at that! That one's on its side,\" Keener says. \"The porpoise turned on its side. It's spinning and it's feeding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Porpoises spin as they go after schools of herring and anchovies, which means these porpoises are feeding in the middle of a heavily-trafficked shipping lane. \"The porpoises have found a way to not only avoid the ships, but it's also the noise they make,\" says Keener.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Studying a Shy Marine Mammal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing this behavior is huge for Keener. Harbor porpoises are notoriously shy in the open ocean, so they're tough for researchers to study. Here in the bay, Keener and his colleagues have identified 250 individual porpoises with their photos by looking for \u003ca href=\"http://www.ggcetacean.org/Harbor_Porpoise.html\">unique scars and color patterns\u003c/a> on the animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28094\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 283px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/Porpoise-mating-bahvior.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-28094\" title=\"Porpoise-mating-bahvior\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/Porpoise-mating-bahvior.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"283\" height=\"215\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Porpoise mating display as seen from the bridge. (Photo: William Keener/Golden Gate Cetacean Research)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When these researchers first started their work on the bridge, they caused a bit of a stir. \"You noticed there was a Golden Gate Bridge patrol officer here just a few minutes ago,\" says Keener. \"Well, we're staring down at the water for hours. They'd start getting worried about us. But they know us now. They know what we're doing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the big question is why harbor porpoises disappeared in the first place. Keener says the bay has historically been porpoise habitat. Their bones have been found from hundreds of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then there were reports in the 1930s. And then we don't really have reports from around World War II. And there were a lot of things going on during World War II that could have caused that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Bay became a wartime port and a major ship-building center. The Navy strung a \u003ca href=\"http://www.militarymuseum.org/Tiburon.html\">seven-mile-long net underwater\u003c/a> across the opening of the bay to keep out Japanese submarines. Hundreds of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/goga/historyculture/mines-and-submarines.htm\">mines were planted\u003c/a> in the waters outside the Golden Gate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keener says all that activity certainly would have disturbed the porpoises. But there's a bigger change that may have driven them away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Changing Bay\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Seeing Porpoises\u003c/strong>\n\u003cp>The best time to spot harbor porpoises from the Golden Gate Bridge walkway is an hour or two prior to a high tide. Check out a \u003ca href=\"http://cencoos.org/sections/conditions/tides.shtml\">tide table\u003c/a> to time your visit and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ggcetacean.org/Contact_Us.html\">report your sightings\u003c/a> online.\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To see it, we head toward the Golden Gate Bridge on a twenty-two foot boat with Jonathan Stern, a whale researcher at San Francisco State University. Stern was the first person to spot the porpoises in the bay three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just couldn't figure out what they were doing here. It's like when you see somebody you're used to seeing at work and you see them somewhere, in Hawaii or something. What are you doing here? You're out of place,\" says Stern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bay we're gliding over today is a far cry from the bay in the 1950s and 60s. As the Bay Area boomed, so did water pollution. Keener says raw sewage used to flow right into the bay. \"I remember coming across the Bay Bridge when I was very young and it would just smell. It would stink.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Clean Water Act was passed in 1972, the bay's water quality began to improve. But Stern says it took time for the food web to come back. \"It takes the biology a while to track the chemistry. So it's not surprising that it's taken years for this ecosystem to generate like this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stern says it's also possible that the porpoises had to rediscover the bay. \"Because over 60 years, we're talking about a number of generations of porpoises. So it's quite likely that San Francisco Bay as a location, as a habitat was out of the institutional memory of the harbor porpoises off the coast here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28091\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/Porpoise2-web1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-28091\" title=\"Porpoise2-web\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/Porpoise2-web1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Keener and Jonathan Stern search for porpoises in the bay.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As we slow down under the bridge's span, Keener keeps an eye out. \"There are porpoises between us and the south tower at 200 yards,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keener and Stern have a special permit that allows them to approach the porpoises. We wait, listening for them to surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just heard one here. Here's a cow-calf pair close to the boat and we'll hear this puff,\" Keener says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We hear two loud puffs as the porpoises surface just off the bow. \"The old time sailors used to call them puffing pigs. That's the exhalation,\" says Keener.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The harbor porpoises seem calm around boats in the bay, which Stern says will let researchers study their life cycle and social structure, as well as how they might react to big events like the upcoming America's Cup race. Overall, he says it's a good sign that the porpoises are here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's one of those very few good news environmental stories. And it's in our backyard. You know, there was the will to get the bay cleaner and we're now starting to see the effects of that. It gives one hope.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Harbor porpoises haven’t been seen in San Francisco Bay for more than 60 years. Now, they’re returning in growing numbers and researchers are working to understand why.\r\n\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450495655,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1005},"headData":{"title":"Porpoises Return to San Francisco Bay | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Porpoises Return to San Francisco Bay","datePublished":"2011-12-03T00:00:09.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T03:27:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"28060 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/porpoises-return-to-san-francisco-bay/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/02/porpoises-return-to-san-francisco-bay/","disqusTitle":"Porpoises Return to San Francisco Bay","source":"Biology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/12/2011-12-05-quest.mp3","path":"/quest/28060/porpoises-return-to-san-francisco-bay","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.acsonline.org/factpack/HarborPorpoise.htm\">Harbor porpoises\u003c/a> haven't been seen in San Francisco Bay for more than 60 years. But now, they're coming back through the Golden Gate in growing numbers and researchers are trying to understand why they’re returning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best place to look for them is 220 feet above the water on the pedestrian walkway across the Golden Gate Bridge. That's where Bill Keener of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ggcetacean.org/Home_Page.html\">Golden Gate Cetacean Research\u003c/a> photographs them, holding a massive telephoto lens over the side of the railing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a porpoise right there, coming very, very close,\" he says pointing. A dark shape appears in the water. It's a harbor porpoise, coming up for air. \"And here's a mother and calf coming straight at us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The porpoises have dark gray backs and pale bellies. They're about five feet long, smaller than most of their dolphin relatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Look at that! That one's on its side,\" Keener says. \"The porpoise turned on its side. It's spinning and it's feeding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Porpoises spin as they go after schools of herring and anchovies, which means these porpoises are feeding in the middle of a heavily-trafficked shipping lane. \"The porpoises have found a way to not only avoid the ships, but it's also the noise they make,\" says Keener.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Studying a Shy Marine Mammal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing this behavior is huge for Keener. Harbor porpoises are notoriously shy in the open ocean, so they're tough for researchers to study. Here in the bay, Keener and his colleagues have identified 250 individual porpoises with their photos by looking for \u003ca href=\"http://www.ggcetacean.org/Harbor_Porpoise.html\">unique scars and color patterns\u003c/a> on the animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28094\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 283px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/Porpoise-mating-bahvior.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-28094\" title=\"Porpoise-mating-bahvior\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/Porpoise-mating-bahvior.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"283\" height=\"215\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Porpoise mating display as seen from the bridge. (Photo: William Keener/Golden Gate Cetacean Research)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When these researchers first started their work on the bridge, they caused a bit of a stir. \"You noticed there was a Golden Gate Bridge patrol officer here just a few minutes ago,\" says Keener. \"Well, we're staring down at the water for hours. They'd start getting worried about us. But they know us now. They know what we're doing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the big question is why harbor porpoises disappeared in the first place. Keener says the bay has historically been porpoise habitat. Their bones have been found from hundreds of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then there were reports in the 1930s. And then we don't really have reports from around World War II. And there were a lot of things going on during World War II that could have caused that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Bay became a wartime port and a major ship-building center. The Navy strung a \u003ca href=\"http://www.militarymuseum.org/Tiburon.html\">seven-mile-long net underwater\u003c/a> across the opening of the bay to keep out Japanese submarines. Hundreds of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/goga/historyculture/mines-and-submarines.htm\">mines were planted\u003c/a> in the waters outside the Golden Gate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keener says all that activity certainly would have disturbed the porpoises. But there's a bigger change that may have driven them away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Changing Bay\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Seeing Porpoises\u003c/strong>\n\u003cp>The best time to spot harbor porpoises from the Golden Gate Bridge walkway is an hour or two prior to a high tide. Check out a \u003ca href=\"http://cencoos.org/sections/conditions/tides.shtml\">tide table\u003c/a> to time your visit and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ggcetacean.org/Contact_Us.html\">report your sightings\u003c/a> online.\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To see it, we head toward the Golden Gate Bridge on a twenty-two foot boat with Jonathan Stern, a whale researcher at San Francisco State University. Stern was the first person to spot the porpoises in the bay three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just couldn't figure out what they were doing here. It's like when you see somebody you're used to seeing at work and you see them somewhere, in Hawaii or something. What are you doing here? You're out of place,\" says Stern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bay we're gliding over today is a far cry from the bay in the 1950s and 60s. As the Bay Area boomed, so did water pollution. Keener says raw sewage used to flow right into the bay. \"I remember coming across the Bay Bridge when I was very young and it would just smell. It would stink.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Clean Water Act was passed in 1972, the bay's water quality began to improve. But Stern says it took time for the food web to come back. \"It takes the biology a while to track the chemistry. So it's not surprising that it's taken years for this ecosystem to generate like this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stern says it's also possible that the porpoises had to rediscover the bay. \"Because over 60 years, we're talking about a number of generations of porpoises. So it's quite likely that San Francisco Bay as a location, as a habitat was out of the institutional memory of the harbor porpoises off the coast here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28091\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/Porpoise2-web1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-28091\" title=\"Porpoise2-web\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/Porpoise2-web1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Keener and Jonathan Stern search for porpoises in the bay.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As we slow down under the bridge's span, Keener keeps an eye out. \"There are porpoises between us and the south tower at 200 yards,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keener and Stern have a special permit that allows them to approach the porpoises. We wait, listening for them to surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just heard one here. Here's a cow-calf pair close to the boat and we'll hear this puff,\" Keener says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We hear two loud puffs as the porpoises surface just off the bow. \"The old time sailors used to call them puffing pigs. That's the exhalation,\" says Keener.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The harbor porpoises seem calm around boats in the bay, which Stern says will let researchers study their life cycle and social structure, as well as how they might react to big events like the upcoming America's Cup race. Overall, he says it's a good sign that the porpoises are here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's one of those very few good news environmental stories. And it's in our backyard. You know, there was the will to get the bay cleaner and we're now starting to see the effects of that. It gives one hope.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/28060/porpoises-return-to-san-francisco-bay","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_13178","quest_326","quest_1099","quest_10523","quest_10103","quest_1741","quest_13203","quest_2034","quest_2262","quest_13","quest_2487","quest_3155"],"featImg":"quest_28068","label":"source_quest_28060"},"quest_8450":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_8450","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"8450","score":null,"sort":[1285000387000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"coastal-cleanup-day","title":"Coastal Cleanup Day","publishDate":1285000387,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/RiverTrash2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Trash in the Los Angeles River, en route to the ocean. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic bottles, aluminum cans, plastic knives and forks, tangled fishing line, plastic bags, food wrappers, cigarette butts… all this and more will be collected from California’s beaches this coming Saturday, September 25, on \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd.html\">Coastal Cleanup Day\u003c/a>. On last year’s Coastal Cleanup Day, volunteers collected over 1.4 million pounds of trash from California’s beaches and waterways. That is a mind-blowing amount of trash!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this trash has a devastating effect on ocean life. Sea turtles eat plastic bags, mistaking them for jellyfish. Marine mammals get tangled in abandoned fishing nets. Sea birds are found with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">bellies full of colorful plastic shards\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more--> And, plastics can leach chemicals into ocean water. Bisphenol A, the chemical in hard plastic water bottles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/03/ocean-bpa/\">has been found in seawater\u003c/a>. Bisphenol A and other chemicals can mimic animals’ hormones and disturb their development. It can also bioaccumulate in fish and shellfish—and could potentially end up on our dinner plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trash that washes up on our beaches is only a tiny fraction of the debris in the ocean. Check out QUEST’s TV Story, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">Plastic in the Pacific\u003c/a>, to get a sense of the \u003ca href=\"http://sio.ucsd.edu/Expeditions/Seaplex/\">Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. This collection of trash, caught in a gyre in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, is perhaps twice the size of Texas. It isn’t just floating plastic water bottles—it’s also a soup of tiny, confetti-like fragments of plastics that have started to break down, but will never completely disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coastal Cleanup Day is a great opportunity to clean up California’s coasts and prevent this trash from getting swept out to sea. It also sends a message: people care about minimizing the impact of trash on the environment. Last year, over 80,000 people volunteered on Coastal Cleanup Day. To find locations where you can volunteer this Saturday morning, look \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, we need to decrease the amount of trash we produce. In Germany, a policy was put in place in 1991 that made manufacturers and stores responsible for recycling all the packaging material for the products they make and sell. Customers unwrapped their purchases at the checkout stand and left all the wrappers at the store. (My dad tried this at home in Virginia—it didn’t go over so well.) This forced German manufacturers and retailers to create a recycling program to deal with all the trash, and provided a strong incentive to reduce the amount of packaging they used in the first place. A few California cities are off to a good start with localized \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/paper-or-plastic\">bans on plastic bags\u003c/a>. Let’s come up with other ways to ensure that in the coming years, volunteers on Coastal Cleanup Day will have less work to do!\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"zemanta-pixie\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;height: 15px\">\u003ca class=\"zemanta-pixie-a\" title=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\" href=\"http://www.zemanta.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" style=\"border: medium none;float: right\" src=\"http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=1ab868f0-26d4-4d0f-b290-3bf2ab55abe8\" alt=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Plastic bottles, aluminum cans, plastic knives and forks, tangled fishing line, plastic bags, food wrappers, cigarette butts… all this and more will be collected from California’s beaches this coming Saturday, September 25, on Coastal Cleanup Day.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1285000387,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":491},"headData":{"title":"Coastal Cleanup Day | KQED","description":"Plastic bottles, aluminum cans, plastic knives and forks, tangled fishing line, plastic bags, food wrappers, cigarette butts… all this and more will be collected from California’s beaches this coming Saturday, September 25, on Coastal Cleanup Day.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Coastal Cleanup Day","datePublished":"2010-09-20T16:33:07.000Z","dateModified":"2010-09-20T16:33:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"8450 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=8450","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/09/20/coastal-cleanup-day/","disqusTitle":"Coastal Cleanup Day","path":"/quest/8450/coastal-cleanup-day","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/RiverTrash2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Trash in the Los Angeles River, en route to the ocean. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic bottles, aluminum cans, plastic knives and forks, tangled fishing line, plastic bags, food wrappers, cigarette butts… all this and more will be collected from California’s beaches this coming Saturday, September 25, on \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd.html\">Coastal Cleanup Day\u003c/a>. On last year’s Coastal Cleanup Day, volunteers collected over 1.4 million pounds of trash from California’s beaches and waterways. That is a mind-blowing amount of trash!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this trash has a devastating effect on ocean life. Sea turtles eat plastic bags, mistaking them for jellyfish. Marine mammals get tangled in abandoned fishing nets. Sea birds are found with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">bellies full of colorful plastic shards\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more--> And, plastics can leach chemicals into ocean water. Bisphenol A, the chemical in hard plastic water bottles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/03/ocean-bpa/\">has been found in seawater\u003c/a>. Bisphenol A and other chemicals can mimic animals’ hormones and disturb their development. It can also bioaccumulate in fish and shellfish—and could potentially end up on our dinner plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trash that washes up on our beaches is only a tiny fraction of the debris in the ocean. Check out QUEST’s TV Story, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">Plastic in the Pacific\u003c/a>, to get a sense of the \u003ca href=\"http://sio.ucsd.edu/Expeditions/Seaplex/\">Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. This collection of trash, caught in a gyre in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, is perhaps twice the size of Texas. It isn’t just floating plastic water bottles—it’s also a soup of tiny, confetti-like fragments of plastics that have started to break down, but will never completely disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coastal Cleanup Day is a great opportunity to clean up California’s coasts and prevent this trash from getting swept out to sea. It also sends a message: people care about minimizing the impact of trash on the environment. Last year, over 80,000 people volunteered on Coastal Cleanup Day. To find locations where you can volunteer this Saturday morning, look \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, we need to decrease the amount of trash we produce. In Germany, a policy was put in place in 1991 that made manufacturers and stores responsible for recycling all the packaging material for the products they make and sell. Customers unwrapped their purchases at the checkout stand and left all the wrappers at the store. (My dad tried this at home in Virginia—it didn’t go over so well.) This forced German manufacturers and retailers to create a recycling program to deal with all the trash, and provided a strong incentive to reduce the amount of packaging they used in the first place. A few California cities are off to a good start with localized \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/paper-or-plastic\">bans on plastic bags\u003c/a>. Let’s come up with other ways to ensure that in the coming years, volunteers on Coastal Cleanup Day will have less work to do!\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"zemanta-pixie\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;height: 15px\">\u003ca class=\"zemanta-pixie-a\" title=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\" href=\"http://www.zemanta.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" style=\"border: medium none;float: right\" src=\"http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=1ab868f0-26d4-4d0f-b290-3bf2ab55abe8\" alt=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/8450/coastal-cleanup-day","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_294","quest_618","quest_640","quest_684","quest_13199","quest_1258","quest_1741","quest_1743","quest_13203","quest_2042","quest_2100","quest_2222","quest_2223","quest_2224","quest_2225","quest_2257","quest_2557"],"label":"quest"},"quest_2559":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_2559","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"2559","score":null,"sort":[1243038747000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-sea-lion-rescue-2","title":"Reporter's Notes: Sea Lion Rescue","publishDate":1243038747,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/necropsy_wide1.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nFor these notes, I thought I'd focus on something that didn’t make it into the sea lions radio broadcast: the necropsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tmmc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> treats somewhere between 600-1000 animals, including California sea lions, Pacific harbor seals, Northern elephant seals, and steller sea lions. About half of them are treated successfully at the center and released into the Pacific. The other half either die naturally or have to be euthanized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of them end up at the center's hospital after passersby spot the animals on the beach and sense something’s wrong. (The Marine Mammal center responds to calls anywhere between Mendocino and San Louis Obispo Counties -- some 600 miles of coastline.) Some problems are human-caused, like boat-propeller injuries or ingested fishing nets and hooks. Other times, it's cancer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080609103232.htm\" target=\"_blank\">domoic acid poisoning\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.tmmc.org/what_we_do/rehab/clin_med/bacterial.asp\" target=\"_blank\">leptospirosis\u003c/a>. Sometimes, it's hard to tell exactly what happened -- hence the need for necropsies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day that Quest intern Jennifer Skene and I visited the center, veterinarian Nicola Pussini performed two necropsies, both on sea lions. One animal seemed to have died from a tumor underneath his fin; the other was a suspected domoic acid intoxication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/first-slice1.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Each necropsy takes about an hour and a half. First Pussini measures the animal, then he slices it open and inspects every part, from tongue to tail. He inspects the teeth, pulls out all the organs, checks to see how much fat the animal has. The data, along with tissue samples, are archived and shared with other research institutions. This is the kind of basic research that Marine Mammal Center staff cite when people ask why they devote so many resources (most of it from private donations) to animals whose populations are neither threatened nor endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should mention that I didn't exactly see this entire process firsthand. Let's just say that after my first strong whiff of sea lion intestine, I felt a compelling need to go check on things outside the necropsy room. Luckily for me, Jennifer has the stomach of a true scientist and managed to both hold the microphone and take photos. Luckily for you, we’re sparing you her gorier shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">Listen to the Sea Lion Rescue\u003c/a> radio report online, and watch our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/web-extra-sea-lion-rescue-slideshow\">photo slideshow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8345 -122.532\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371078900,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":391},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Sea Lion Rescue | KQED","description":"For these notes, I thought I'd focus on something that didn’t make it into the sea lions radio broadcast: the necropsy. Each year the Marine Mammal Center treats somewhere between 600-1000 animals, including California sea lions, Pacific harbor seals, Northern elephant seals, and steller sea lions. About half of them are treated successfully at the","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: Sea Lion Rescue","datePublished":"2009-05-23T00:32:27.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T23:15:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"2559 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=2559","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/05/22/reporters-notes-sea-lion-rescue-2/","disqusTitle":"Reporter's Notes: Sea Lion Rescue","path":"/quest/2559/reporters-notes-sea-lion-rescue-2","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/necropsy_wide1.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nFor these notes, I thought I'd focus on something that didn’t make it into the sea lions radio broadcast: the necropsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tmmc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> treats somewhere between 600-1000 animals, including California sea lions, Pacific harbor seals, Northern elephant seals, and steller sea lions. About half of them are treated successfully at the center and released into the Pacific. The other half either die naturally or have to be euthanized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of them end up at the center's hospital after passersby spot the animals on the beach and sense something’s wrong. (The Marine Mammal center responds to calls anywhere between Mendocino and San Louis Obispo Counties -- some 600 miles of coastline.) Some problems are human-caused, like boat-propeller injuries or ingested fishing nets and hooks. Other times, it's cancer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080609103232.htm\" target=\"_blank\">domoic acid poisoning\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.tmmc.org/what_we_do/rehab/clin_med/bacterial.asp\" target=\"_blank\">leptospirosis\u003c/a>. Sometimes, it's hard to tell exactly what happened -- hence the need for necropsies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day that Quest intern Jennifer Skene and I visited the center, veterinarian Nicola Pussini performed two necropsies, both on sea lions. One animal seemed to have died from a tumor underneath his fin; the other was a suspected domoic acid intoxication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/first-slice1.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Each necropsy takes about an hour and a half. First Pussini measures the animal, then he slices it open and inspects every part, from tongue to tail. He inspects the teeth, pulls out all the organs, checks to see how much fat the animal has. The data, along with tissue samples, are archived and shared with other research institutions. This is the kind of basic research that Marine Mammal Center staff cite when people ask why they devote so many resources (most of it from private donations) to animals whose populations are neither threatened nor endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should mention that I didn't exactly see this entire process firsthand. Let's just say that after my first strong whiff of sea lion intestine, I felt a compelling need to go check on things outside the necropsy room. Luckily for me, Jennifer has the stomach of a true scientist and managed to both hold the microphone and take photos. Luckily for you, we’re sparing you her gorier shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">Listen to the Sea Lion Rescue\u003c/a> radio report online, and watch our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/web-extra-sea-lion-rescue-slideshow\">photo slideshow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8345 -122.532\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/2559/reporters-notes-sea-lion-rescue-2","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_13198","quest_3351","quest_1740","quest_1741","quest_2034","quest_2530","quest_2560"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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