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Two men in chest waders splash through the swift-moving current, kicking up mushroom clouds of silt. Their eyes scan the shallows as they make their way downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John McMillan, a fish biologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Jeff Duda, a research ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, are here looking for steelhead and salmon nests, or redds, where fish have laid eggs. The signs are subtle but unmistakable to their trained eyes — a depression in the river bottom and disturbed gravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMillan and Duda are just two of the many scientists from federal and state agencies and the local Native American tribe, who are studying the dramatic changes taking place on this river. Two massive hydroelectric dams are in the process of being removed. And these scientists are trying to understand how the largest dam removal project in the nation’s history is impacting fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see how fast these fish recolonize after the dams have been removed,” McMillan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Elwha River in western Washington State was once home to one of the biggest salmon runs in the continental United States. But in the early 1900s two dams were built on this pristine river, which today lies mostly within the protected confines of Olympic National Park. The dams provided power to the nearby town of Port Angeles and helped the frontier community grow and thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62677\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-62677 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_dam2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The two dams on the Elwha River were built without fish ladders and prevented salmon from swimming upstream.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the dams were built without fish ladders and had devastating consequences for fish; salmon returning from the ocean to spawn were cut off from their natal waters. Only the lower five miles of the 45-mile river were accessible to them. Over time the dams starved those five miles of the sediment salmon need for building their nests. The diminished and degraded habitat decimated fish populations in a river once known for producing 100-pound salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Elwha Klallam tribe, which has relied on the river for sustenance and its spiritual traditions for thousands of years, has been fighting for nearly 100 years to have the dams removed. In the early 1990s, Congress finally authorized dam removal as a way to help restore the river and its salmon runs. But it would take another two decades to secure funding for the $300 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam removal began in 2011 and will connect the headwaters of the Elwha with the mouth of the river. The project is expected to be completed by 2014. One of the major challenges in removing the dams was figuring out how to deal with all the sediment stored behind the dams – enough sediment to fill 11 NFL football stadiums. To deal with the sediment, construction crews are taking the dams down gradually, piece by piece, rather than dynamiting them. Even so, the river is swollen with sediment. And the physical shape of the river is changing as the river deposits sediment along its banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62681\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-62681 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_Boat_and_net2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Beirne, a scientist with the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, nets juvenile fish to study how the dam removal is impacting them.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This place is changing every day,” Duda said. “Every time I come out there’s something new, something different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In five to 10 years, the sediment is expected to make its way downstream and the river will run clear once again. But for now, salmon returning to the river face some harsh conditions. Sediment can clog their gills and make it difficult to find food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost like you’re tearing off a Band-Aid,” Duda said. “You have to go through a little bit of pain in order to get to that final state of healing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, McMillan and Duda walked the main channel of the Elwha River between the lower dam and the upper dam. The swift-flowing river, suffused with fine sediment from dam removal, ran a milky gray. McMillan fixed a keen eye on the clearer water near shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They dug here! These are digs!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you think this [is a nest] right here?” Duda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a redd clearly,” McMillan replied. “It’s the first redd we’ve found by a steelhead in the mainstem Elwha River.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a long way to go, but McMillan and Duda are hopeful that salmon and steelhead will thrive here once again.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In Washington state, a river once known for its abundant salmon run is getting a second chance. The Elwha River dams, which decimated salmon populations and profoundly altered the ecosystem, are coming down and hopes are high that salmon will return. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457565342,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":777},"headData":{"title":"A River Returns | KQED","description":"In Washington state, a river once known for its abundant salmon run is getting a second chance. The Elwha River dams, which decimated salmon populations and profoundly altered the ecosystem, are coming down and hopes are high that salmon will return. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A River Returns","datePublished":"2013-10-23T14:00:59.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T23:15:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"61358 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=61358","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/23/a-river-returns/","disqusTitle":"A River Returns","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TfjRG9RxL8","path":"/quest/61358/a-river-returns","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71013 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Quest_EMMYwin.jpg\" alt=\"Quest_EMMYwin\" width=\"173\" height=\"120\">Sunlight streaks through the leafy canopy, painting the Elwha River and surrounding forest in dappled light. Two men in chest waders splash through the swift-moving current, kicking up mushroom clouds of silt. Their eyes scan the shallows as they make their way downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John McMillan, a fish biologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Jeff Duda, a research ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, are here looking for steelhead and salmon nests, or redds, where fish have laid eggs. The signs are subtle but unmistakable to their trained eyes — a depression in the river bottom and disturbed gravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMillan and Duda are just two of the many scientists from federal and state agencies and the local Native American tribe, who are studying the dramatic changes taking place on this river. Two massive hydroelectric dams are in the process of being removed. And these scientists are trying to understand how the largest dam removal project in the nation’s history is impacting fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see how fast these fish recolonize after the dams have been removed,” McMillan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Elwha River in western Washington State was once home to one of the biggest salmon runs in the continental United States. But in the early 1900s two dams were built on this pristine river, which today lies mostly within the protected confines of Olympic National Park. The dams provided power to the nearby town of Port Angeles and helped the frontier community grow and thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62677\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-62677 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_dam2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The two dams on the Elwha River were built without fish ladders and prevented salmon from swimming upstream.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the dams were built without fish ladders and had devastating consequences for fish; salmon returning from the ocean to spawn were cut off from their natal waters. Only the lower five miles of the 45-mile river were accessible to them. Over time the dams starved those five miles of the sediment salmon need for building their nests. The diminished and degraded habitat decimated fish populations in a river once known for producing 100-pound salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Elwha Klallam tribe, which has relied on the river for sustenance and its spiritual traditions for thousands of years, has been fighting for nearly 100 years to have the dams removed. In the early 1990s, Congress finally authorized dam removal as a way to help restore the river and its salmon runs. But it would take another two decades to secure funding for the $300 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam removal began in 2011 and will connect the headwaters of the Elwha with the mouth of the river. The project is expected to be completed by 2014. One of the major challenges in removing the dams was figuring out how to deal with all the sediment stored behind the dams – enough sediment to fill 11 NFL football stadiums. To deal with the sediment, construction crews are taking the dams down gradually, piece by piece, rather than dynamiting them. Even so, the river is swollen with sediment. And the physical shape of the river is changing as the river deposits sediment along its banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62681\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-62681 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_Boat_and_net2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Beirne, a scientist with the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, nets juvenile fish to study how the dam removal is impacting them.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This place is changing every day,” Duda said. “Every time I come out there’s something new, something different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In five to 10 years, the sediment is expected to make its way downstream and the river will run clear once again. But for now, salmon returning to the river face some harsh conditions. Sediment can clog their gills and make it difficult to find food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost like you’re tearing off a Band-Aid,” Duda said. “You have to go through a little bit of pain in order to get to that final state of healing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, McMillan and Duda walked the main channel of the Elwha River between the lower dam and the upper dam. The swift-flowing river, suffused with fine sediment from dam removal, ran a milky gray. McMillan fixed a keen eye on the clearer water near shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They dug here! These are digs!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you think this [is a nest] right here?” Duda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a redd clearly,” McMillan replied. “It’s the first redd we’ve found by a steelhead in the mainstem Elwha River.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a long way to go, but McMillan and Duda are hopeful that salmon and steelhead will thrive here once again.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/61358/a-river-returns","authors":["10446","10425"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_326","quest_12007","quest_12125","quest_924","quest_11940","quest_11176","quest_1022","quest_12269","quest_12326","quest_12249","quest_2001","quest_12517","quest_12327","quest_12325","quest_12146","quest_3736","quest_2423","quest_2477","quest_2576","quest_12328","quest_2786","quest_2893","quest_3048","quest_3071","quest_10210"],"featImg":"quest_62677","label":"quest"},"quest_5467":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_5467","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"5467","score":null,"sort":[1270242041000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-ghost-fleet-on-the-move","title":"Reporter's Notes: Ghost Fleet On The Move","publishDate":1270242041,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Reporter’s Notes: Ghost Fleet On The Move | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/ghost-fleet-on-the-move\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/04/4-23GhostFleet_300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of folks in the Bay Area know the “mothball fleet.” You can spot the aging Navy and merchant vessels as you drive over the Benicia bridge (check out our Google Map \u003ca href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=111988844864630674189.00045342eebd36b417d47&t=h&z=14\">here\u003c/a> to see the fleet). Most of them are waiting to be recycled – and they’ve been waiting for quite some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I talk about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/ghost-fleet-on-the-move\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in Monday’s radio story\u003c/a>, a lawsuit over these ships was finally settled this week. At issue was the paint flaking off the hulls of the ships. After so many years, it’s weathered and fallen into Suisun Bay. That’s a problem because the paint contains toxic metals like lead, cadmium, and copper. \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/search/ci_6163892?IADID\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A study in 2007\u003c/a> found that more than 20 tons of these metals had fallen into the bay, which is a critical habitat for some endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fleet, managed by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marad.dot.gov/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">US Maritime Administration\u003c/a> (MARAD), is meant to be a temporary holding ground for these ships, but a stalemate in recent years made it a bit more permanent. Since the closest ship recycling facility is in Brownsville, Texas, the ships must be towed there through the Panama Canal. But before they leave the bay, the marine growth on the hulls has to be removed to prevent the spread of invasive species. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/ghost-fleet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">As we reported in a QUEST TV story\u003c/a> a few years ago, MARAD wanted to do that cleaning in Suisun Bay. The San Francisco Bay Water Quality Control Board ruled that method would release even more pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two things have happened in the meantime. First, in January, a judge \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/media/2010/100121b.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ruled that the fleet was in violation\u003c/a> of the Clean Water Act. Second, a new administration entered the White House. As several people I spoke to mentioned, it lead to a noticeable thawing in relations. As a sign of that, MARAD \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/search/ci_14698748?IADID\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">began moving a few ships out\u003c/a> for recycling last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst polluting ships will be removed by the fall of 2012, with all 52 ships under the settlement removed by 2017. (For more on the settlement, \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/mwall/goodbye_ghost_fleet.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">check out this blog post\u003c/a> by NRDC’s attorney Michael Wall). Where they’ll be recycled is another issue. Instead of having the ships go to Texas, many would \u003ca href=\"http://www.timesheraldonline.com/ci_14798931\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">like to see them recycled here\u003c/a> in the Bay Area. One company is currently working to open two dry docks on Mare Island in Vallejo. But since it’s a former Naval facility, they’re having some trouble getting permitted. In the meantime, the only work going on in the Bay Area will be the hull cleaning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/04/02/reporters-notes-ghost-fleet-on-the-move/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/ghost-fleet-on-the-move\">Listen to the Ghost Fleet On the Move\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.077398 -122.097694\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Argentine ants have had amazing success as an invasive species in the US. Their West Coast super colony numbers in the billions and spans from Mexico to Oregon. But aside from invading homes, they've had a dramatic effect on native ants and local ecosystems.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975432,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":463},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Ghost Fleet On The Move | KQED","description":"Argentine ants have had amazing success as an invasive species in the US. Their West Coast super colony numbers in the billions and spans from Mexico to Oregon. But aside from invading homes, they've had a dramatic effect on native ants and local ecosystems.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: Ghost Fleet On The Move","datePublished":"2010-04-02T21:00:41.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:43:52.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/5467/reporters-notes-ghost-fleet-on-the-move","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/ghost-fleet-on-the-move\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/04/4-23GhostFleet_300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of folks in the Bay Area know the “mothball fleet.” You can spot the aging Navy and merchant vessels as you drive over the Benicia bridge (check out our Google Map \u003ca href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=111988844864630674189.00045342eebd36b417d47&t=h&z=14\">here\u003c/a> to see the fleet). Most of them are waiting to be recycled – and they’ve been waiting for quite some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I talk about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/ghost-fleet-on-the-move\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in Monday’s radio story\u003c/a>, a lawsuit over these ships was finally settled this week. At issue was the paint flaking off the hulls of the ships. After so many years, it’s weathered and fallen into Suisun Bay. That’s a problem because the paint contains toxic metals like lead, cadmium, and copper. \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/search/ci_6163892?IADID\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A study in 2007\u003c/a> found that more than 20 tons of these metals had fallen into the bay, which is a critical habitat for some endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fleet, managed by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marad.dot.gov/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">US Maritime Administration\u003c/a> (MARAD), is meant to be a temporary holding ground for these ships, but a stalemate in recent years made it a bit more permanent. Since the closest ship recycling facility is in Brownsville, Texas, the ships must be towed there through the Panama Canal. But before they leave the bay, the marine growth on the hulls has to be removed to prevent the spread of invasive species. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/ghost-fleet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">As we reported in a QUEST TV story\u003c/a> a few years ago, MARAD wanted to do that cleaning in Suisun Bay. The San Francisco Bay Water Quality Control Board ruled that method would release even more pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two things have happened in the meantime. First, in January, a judge \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/media/2010/100121b.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ruled that the fleet was in violation\u003c/a> of the Clean Water Act. Second, a new administration entered the White House. As several people I spoke to mentioned, it lead to a noticeable thawing in relations. As a sign of that, MARAD \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/search/ci_14698748?IADID\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">began moving a few ships out\u003c/a> for recycling last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst polluting ships will be removed by the fall of 2012, with all 52 ships under the settlement removed by 2017. (For more on the settlement, \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/mwall/goodbye_ghost_fleet.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">check out this blog post\u003c/a> by NRDC’s attorney Michael Wall). Where they’ll be recycled is another issue. Instead of having the ships go to Texas, many would \u003ca href=\"http://www.timesheraldonline.com/ci_14798931\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">like to see them recycled here\u003c/a> in the Bay Area. One company is currently working to open two dry docks on Mare Island in Vallejo. But since it’s a former Naval facility, they’re having some trouble getting permitted. In the meantime, the only work going on in the Bay Area will be the hull cleaning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/04/02/reporters-notes-ghost-fleet-on-the-move/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/ghost-fleet-on-the-move\">Listen to the Ghost Fleet On the Move\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.077398 -122.097694\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/5467/reporters-notes-ghost-fleet-on-the-move","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_1022","quest_1211","quest_1633","quest_1875","quest_1950","quest_2257","quest_2487","quest_2618","quest_2824"],"label":"quest"},"quest_15042":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_15042","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"15042","score":null,"sort":[1244853745000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"pescadero-state-beach-exploration","title":"Exploring Pescadero State Beach","publishDate":1244853745,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/pescadero-state-beach-exploration/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pescadero State Beach is no simple place. Scanning its expanse, you can see ocean beach, streams, grasses, cattails, bushy scrub, and tall, ancient trees. If you look more closely you can see over 250 species of birds. The landscape, especially at the water, is never the same two days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Location/Directions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The beach is located 14.5 miles south of Half Moon Bay on Highway One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the hike shown in this Exploration, you'll be starting from the main parking lot, going down the stairs and walking a short stretch N on Hwy 1 before stepping down to the beach itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Seasons/Climate/Recommended clothing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The weather can be changeable; layered clothing is recommended.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other notes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Dogs are prohibited on the beach and in the Natural Preserve at all times.Please, NO beach fires are allowed. Please refrain from removing shells, driftwood, and other natural beach features. Fireworks are prohibited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3642/3596560682_58127f14a5_m.jpg\">\u003c/span>From ocean beach to bushy hillsides, Pescadero State Beach encompasses many different habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pescadero State Beach—a mile-long stretch just south of Halfmoon Bay in Northern California—is no simple place. Scanning its expanse, you can see ocean beach, streams, grasses, bushy scrub, and tall, ancient trees. If you look more closely you can spot some of the more than 250 species of birds that make their home here. The landscape, especially at the water, is never the same two days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This park is a typical example of an estuary—an ecosystem both inviting and complex that thrives on change. Estuaries are coastal areas where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean. Estuaries usually contain a variety of habitats, and are constantly affected by the changing tides and ocean swells, as well as the seasonal ebb and flow of streams. Humans, too, exert their changes, shaping these environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area, where many rivers meet the sea, is especially rich in this kind of coastal ecology. Once, an enormous amount of the Bay Area was estuary, including much of the Pacific coastline and most of the water's edge in San Francisco and San Pablo Bays. Today, many of these natural areas have been filled in or paved over. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a testament to its adaptable nature, much of what estuary remains in the Bay Area exists in tandem with power lines, highways, factories, bridges and airports. (Our Exploration of Elkhorn Slough looks at life in an estuary in the shadow of a power plant.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estuaries play a number of important roles in the health of the natural environment. They keep erosion under control, help stabilize coastal communities, and protect water quality. They are also home to many of our commercial fish, as well as an extremely diverse set of flora and fauna. And, of course, estuaries are lovely places to visit and appreciate nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Coping with Change, Natural and Otherwise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3384/3596560806_48306925d8_m.jpg\">\u003c/span>The ecosystem at Pescadero State Beach includes a stretch of Highway 1 as well as other areas containing man-made alterations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because estuaries are so dynamic, they respond quickly to the forces that humans exert on them—and those forces are many. Pollution from nearby communities and agricultural land can end up in the runoff that fills estuaries. Often this runoff contains an excess of nitrogen and phosphorus, nutrients that algae love, and that can lead to algal blooms. An overpopulation of algae can rob the water of oxygen, leaving too little for fish and aquatic plants. Scientists working at Pescadero State Beach and other estuary areas keep an eye on water quality issues like this, hoping to keep plant and animal populations healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2164/3596563848_f926a52c73_m.jpg\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span> Estuaries can experience habitat loss—a shrinking of the land available to be part of the estuary—both naturally and at the hands of humans. Natural fluctuations in tides and water flows can erode or shift shorelines. Sediments left behind by fires and floods can degrade the quality of the ecosystem. And development of coastlines for housing or agriculture can greatly affect, or even destroy, an estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in areas where the actual landscape is less threatened, the pattern of flora and fauna on that landscape can shift. Often this kind of shift is due to the introduction by humans of non-native species. Sometimes, these new species fare better than the native species. These new plants and animals, which may have been introduced recently or centuries ago, can crowd out the original inhabitants of an environment This phenomenon is evident at Pescadero State Beach. Some areas of the dunes, for example, have been taken over by non-native grasses that have pushed out the native grasses. And in some forested parts of the park, the eucalyptus trees introduced by travelers and found plentifully in this park (and in many other parts of the Bay Area), have crowded out other tree species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/eucalyptus_view.jpg\">\u003c/span> These tall trees are eucalyptus, non-native plants that now serve as home to Pescadero State Beach's nesting heron population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those eucalyptus trees also provide an example of the complications of restoring an estuary. You might think it would be easy to restore balance by simply removing the invading species from the environment. But at Pescadero State Beach, for example, a tall stand of eucalyptus provides shelter for a heron rookery. Getting ride of these \"weed\" trees would mean losing valuable nesting areas for heron. In other cases, endangered species that ecologists might want to protect may have adapted to conditions—like changes in salinity or nutrient levels—that have negative affects on other native species. Because estuaries are such ephemeral, dynamic systems, adaptations like these may take place more quickly than they would in other environments. Complications like these illustrate how difficult it may be to see the best approach to restoring an area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a great deal that scientists don't know about estuaries; the ways in which the various environments within an estuary affect one another can be very complex. To protect or restore these areas, ecologists think of the environment's flora and fauna not as specific species or sets of species, but as whole systems. Researchers conduct studies to try to understand how the balance of oxygen, nutrients, pollutants, and other factors affect water quality and wildlife. A healthy estuary is one in which the water is clean and the habitat can support both the wildlife and the human recreational uses of the area in a self-sustaining way.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1141012@N21\">Pescadero State Beach photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=522\">Pescadero State Beach\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Pescadero State Beach is no simple place. Scanning its expanse, you can see ocean beach, streams, grasses, cattails, bushy scrub, and tall, ancient trees. If you look more closely you can see over 250 species of birds. The landscape, especially at the water, is never the same two days in a row.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450469045,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.everytrail.com/guide/pescadero-state-beach-exploration/map"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1120},"headData":{"title":"Exploring Pescadero State Beach | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Exploring Pescadero State Beach","datePublished":"2009-06-13T00:42:25.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-18T20:04:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"15042 http://science.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/pescadero-state-beach-exploration/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/06/12/pescadero-state-beach-exploration/","disqusTitle":"Exploring Pescadero State Beach","source":"Science Hike","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/tag/science-hike/","path":"/quest/15042/pescadero-state-beach-exploration","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/pescadero-state-beach-exploration/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pescadero State Beach is no simple place. Scanning its expanse, you can see ocean beach, streams, grasses, cattails, bushy scrub, and tall, ancient trees. If you look more closely you can see over 250 species of birds. The landscape, especially at the water, is never the same two days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Location/Directions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The beach is located 14.5 miles south of Half Moon Bay on Highway One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the hike shown in this Exploration, you'll be starting from the main parking lot, going down the stairs and walking a short stretch N on Hwy 1 before stepping down to the beach itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Seasons/Climate/Recommended clothing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The weather can be changeable; layered clothing is recommended.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other notes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Dogs are prohibited on the beach and in the Natural Preserve at all times.Please, NO beach fires are allowed. Please refrain from removing shells, driftwood, and other natural beach features. Fireworks are prohibited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3642/3596560682_58127f14a5_m.jpg\">\u003c/span>From ocean beach to bushy hillsides, Pescadero State Beach encompasses many different habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pescadero State Beach—a mile-long stretch just south of Halfmoon Bay in Northern California—is no simple place. Scanning its expanse, you can see ocean beach, streams, grasses, bushy scrub, and tall, ancient trees. If you look more closely you can spot some of the more than 250 species of birds that make their home here. The landscape, especially at the water, is never the same two days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This park is a typical example of an estuary—an ecosystem both inviting and complex that thrives on change. Estuaries are coastal areas where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean. Estuaries usually contain a variety of habitats, and are constantly affected by the changing tides and ocean swells, as well as the seasonal ebb and flow of streams. Humans, too, exert their changes, shaping these environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area, where many rivers meet the sea, is especially rich in this kind of coastal ecology. Once, an enormous amount of the Bay Area was estuary, including much of the Pacific coastline and most of the water's edge in San Francisco and San Pablo Bays. Today, many of these natural areas have been filled in or paved over. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a testament to its adaptable nature, much of what estuary remains in the Bay Area exists in tandem with power lines, highways, factories, bridges and airports. (Our Exploration of Elkhorn Slough looks at life in an estuary in the shadow of a power plant.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estuaries play a number of important roles in the health of the natural environment. They keep erosion under control, help stabilize coastal communities, and protect water quality. They are also home to many of our commercial fish, as well as an extremely diverse set of flora and fauna. And, of course, estuaries are lovely places to visit and appreciate nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Coping with Change, Natural and Otherwise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3384/3596560806_48306925d8_m.jpg\">\u003c/span>The ecosystem at Pescadero State Beach includes a stretch of Highway 1 as well as other areas containing man-made alterations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because estuaries are so dynamic, they respond quickly to the forces that humans exert on them—and those forces are many. Pollution from nearby communities and agricultural land can end up in the runoff that fills estuaries. Often this runoff contains an excess of nitrogen and phosphorus, nutrients that algae love, and that can lead to algal blooms. An overpopulation of algae can rob the water of oxygen, leaving too little for fish and aquatic plants. Scientists working at Pescadero State Beach and other estuary areas keep an eye on water quality issues like this, hoping to keep plant and animal populations healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2164/3596563848_f926a52c73_m.jpg\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span> Estuaries can experience habitat loss—a shrinking of the land available to be part of the estuary—both naturally and at the hands of humans. Natural fluctuations in tides and water flows can erode or shift shorelines. Sediments left behind by fires and floods can degrade the quality of the ecosystem. And development of coastlines for housing or agriculture can greatly affect, or even destroy, an estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in areas where the actual landscape is less threatened, the pattern of flora and fauna on that landscape can shift. Often this kind of shift is due to the introduction by humans of non-native species. Sometimes, these new species fare better than the native species. These new plants and animals, which may have been introduced recently or centuries ago, can crowd out the original inhabitants of an environment This phenomenon is evident at Pescadero State Beach. Some areas of the dunes, for example, have been taken over by non-native grasses that have pushed out the native grasses. And in some forested parts of the park, the eucalyptus trees introduced by travelers and found plentifully in this park (and in many other parts of the Bay Area), have crowded out other tree species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/eucalyptus_view.jpg\">\u003c/span> These tall trees are eucalyptus, non-native plants that now serve as home to Pescadero State Beach's nesting heron population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those eucalyptus trees also provide an example of the complications of restoring an estuary. You might think it would be easy to restore balance by simply removing the invading species from the environment. But at Pescadero State Beach, for example, a tall stand of eucalyptus provides shelter for a heron rookery. Getting ride of these \"weed\" trees would mean losing valuable nesting areas for heron. In other cases, endangered species that ecologists might want to protect may have adapted to conditions—like changes in salinity or nutrient levels—that have negative affects on other native species. Because estuaries are such ephemeral, dynamic systems, adaptations like these may take place more quickly than they would in other environments. Complications like these illustrate how difficult it may be to see the best approach to restoring an area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a great deal that scientists don't know about estuaries; the ways in which the various environments within an estuary affect one another can be very complex. To protect or restore these areas, ecologists think of the environment's flora and fauna not as specific species or sets of species, but as whole systems. Researchers conduct studies to try to understand how the balance of oxygen, nutrients, pollutants, and other factors affect water quality and wildlife. A healthy estuary is one in which the water is clean and the habitat can support both the wildlife and the human recreational uses of the area in a self-sustaining way.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1141012@N21\">Pescadero State Beach photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=522\">Pescadero State Beach\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/15042/pescadero-state-beach-exploration","authors":["6166","10191"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_294","quest_1022","quest_1116","quest_1370","quest_3351","quest_2093","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2486","quest_2530","quest_13434","quest_3311"],"featImg":"quest_15047","label":"source_quest_15042"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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