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In the spring of 2013, Sarah was awarded the UW Environmental Leadership Scholarship given to those who represent leadership, integrative thought and action, and vision of how they hope to make a positive difference in the world.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/26e834ee9c913ef10e1ef2540202776a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["coordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sarah Sanborn | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/26e834ee9c913ef10e1ef2540202776a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/26e834ee9c913ef10e1ef2540202776a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sanbornsarahn"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_66669":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_66669","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"66669","score":null,"sort":[1394118046000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear","title":"QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear","publishDate":1394118046,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Does “the big bad wolf” play an important role in the modern-day food web? In this video we journey to Washington State’s Cascade Mountains, where the return of wolves could have a profound impact on a vast wilderness area. We meet up with biologist Aaron Wirsing to explore why wolves and other top predators are needed for diverse ecosystems to flourish. Using a simple video camera (a “deer-cam”) Wirsing is gaining a unique perspective on predator/prey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Wolves in the Crosshairs: Q&A with conservationist, Fred Koontz\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67879\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 233px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67879 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg\" alt=\"Fred Koontz\" width=\"233\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg 432w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642-400x530.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Fred Koontz\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gray wolves are in the crosshairs of a heated conservation debate, with the federal government trying to strip all protections for them in the continental U.S. Dr. Fred Koontz, vice president of field conservation at Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, has worked in conservation for three decades and has studied the wolf issue. We talked with Dr. Koontz about the future of wolves in the U.S. and the role they play in maintaining healthy ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wolves may be the most polarizing animal in North America, more so than other large carnivores like cougars or grizzly bears. Why?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The gray wolf is one of the world's most adaptable and widely distributed mammals, ranging over much of Asia, Europe, and North America. Wolves, the size of a German shepherd, are pack-hunting predators that sometimes kill livestock. Combined with wolves’ nocturnal behavior and haunting howling, this has resulted in a long history of conflict with people, especially as human numbers have increased exponentially in recent centuries and agricultural lands expanded into wolf habitat. There are, however, very few documented cases of wolves attacking people, but the rare times it’s happened it’s been sensationalized and blown out of proportion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How have your perceptions or understanding of wolves changed over the years?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>At an early age, my mother read with much theatrical expression “Little Red Riding Hood,” which, like many children, left me fearing the “big bad wolf.” This negative image was reinforced with similar wolf-themed horror movies that I ashamedly spent far too much time watching in my youth. Only when I studied ecology and animal behavior in college and as a wildlife professional did I see a different image of the wolf. Wolves are important regulators of prey numbers and behavior, and as such, influence a web of ecological interactions that enrich biological diversity. I learned also that among many adaptive traits enabling their evolutionary success, wolves have a rich social life and extraordinary set of communication behaviors. The more I learned, the more fascinated I became in understanding how wolves and people might live together for their mutual benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gray wolves have been taken off the federal endangered species list in some states, such as Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. And a \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/home/wolfrecovery/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>recent federal proposal \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>would strip all gray wolves in the continental U.S. of their federal protection. How did this come to be? What kind of politics are at play?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67887\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67887 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg\" alt=\"2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow\" width=\"389\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg 1542w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1440x953.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1180x781.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-960x636.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gray wolves can come in an assortment of colors, such as these all-white wolves. Photo courtesy of Ryan Hawk, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under the Endangered Species Act, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1974 first listed gray wolves as endangered in the lower 48 states. Now they propose to remove them from the ESA list. This idea follows from three decades of actions undertaken by federal, state, and local partners that resulted in population recovery and delisting in 2011 of wolves living in the western Great Lakes states and northern Rockies. With about 6,000 wolves residing in these two recovery areas, USFWS believes that the gray wolf population in general is well established and stable enough to warrant delisting. Many state wildlife officials welcome the move as they are eager to take back the management authority for animals within their political borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, many conservation scientists and wolf advocates believe that more time on the endangered species list -- and [under] federal protection -- would allow wolves a greater opportunity to reclaim more of their former territory and grow the number of their populations. This is important because, despite wolf recovery success in the Great Lakes states and Rocky Mountains, there is still a lot of their former range not yet occupied. Expanded range and more populations, in turn, will provide greater species resiliency to unexpected environmental disruptions like climate change and emerging diseases and also improve long-term wolf survival in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An independent review panel recently found that the federal government \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.kcts9.org/flora-and-fauna/article/panel-finds-feds-didnt-use-best-science-in-wolf-pl/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>used uncertain science\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> when it proposed removing the gray wolf from the endangered species list across the lower 48 states. What could that mean for the future of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>This is important because under Endangered Species Act law the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is obligated to use the best available science. The Service claimed that new genetic research indicated that wolves living in the eastern U.S. were actually a different species, and thus should not be considered as part of the original listing or part of the historic range. The expert panel said the genetic research was uncertain and based largely on one paper. The panel’s report has reopened the debate about delisting gray wolves, and I suspect it will extend the time wolves remain listed. The final decision on delisting is yet to be determined -- public comment is \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ID=0D493E53-AC54-99DD-52400A7BAA5A6085\" target=\"_blank\">encouraged\u003c/a>. [Note: deadline is March 27, 2014]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the long run, the debate about delisting wolves invites larger questions like, what constitutes full recovery of any endangered species, and does the legal framework of the ESA reflect current conservation science and principles of sustainable living? Most importantly, there needs to be agreement at the onset about the ultimate purpose of recovery -- is it simply species survival or restoring ecological function? There are no easy answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67891\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67891 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\" alt=\"Mule Deer Lauren Sobkoviak\" width=\"378\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mule Deer photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ashrunner/8522517826/\" target=\"_blank\">Lauren Sobkoviak.\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it possible for wolves and humans to coexist? What needs to change for that to happen?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I think that wolves and humans ultimately will coexist by sharing land in two key places -- protected areas and rural areas managed for the benefit of people and wildlife, for example, park buffer lands, multiple-use public lands, and designated wildlife corridors. For the reconciliation between wolves and humans to prove fully successful, we will first need a broader understanding of the role that apex predators play in creating healthy ecosystems and why healthy ecosystems are needed by people. In other words, there must be a broader understanding of \u003cstrong>why \u003c/strong>saving wolves is essential to sustainable living. Greater public will to save wolves will result in increased public spending needed to conduct science and carry out sound management actions. For example, we need more research on improving ranching practices to minimize wolf predation of livestock, and insurance programs that compensate ranchers for unavoidable losses. There is already good evidence from pilot efforts that such research and management programs are possible -- and that they work!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why should people care about the fate of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The fate of wolves is tied directly to the greatest challenge facing humankind this century -- sustainable living! With more than seven billion people consuming resources at an accelerating pace, this generation of world citizens must transform our societies to sustainable ones. We must, among other things, protect a wide variety of animal and plant species -- scientists call this “biodiversity.” Many conservation scientists believe that apex predators (animals at the top of the food chain), like wolves, are necessary to maintain habitats rich in life. In turn, high levels of biodiversity bring many direct benefits to people -- everything from providing food and fiber to protecting water supplies and enriching recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67904\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67904 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\" alt=\"Scientist 1\" width=\"367\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg 1133w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-400x330.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-800x661.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-960x793.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist Aaron Wirsing for the University of Washington (right) and graduate student Justin Dellinger (left) radio collar deer with video cameras in order to better understand predator-prey dynamics. Photo courtesy of Greg Davis.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Understanding the links between apex predators and biodiversity is a growing area of research for scientists like Aaron Wirsing of the University of Washington. Since 2008, wolves have been returning to Washington and have reestablished populations in the U.S. northern Rockies. This has provided a unique research opportunity for Wirsing and other scientists. For example, deer populations in Washington have likely over-browsed plants for decades in the absence of gray wolves. One consequence of deer eating trees along streambeds is less habitat for birds, and streams that are more likely to harbor fewer cold-water fish like trout because they are filled with sediments from soil erosion and overheated because of lack of shade. With wolves back in the state, Wirsing is leading a study to document how wolves are changing mule and white-tail deer populations, which in turn affects forest landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you care about wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I care about wolves because as apex predators they contribute significantly to enriching biodiversity needed by people for sustainable living. I also care about wolves because I admire them! Wolves are amazing for many reasons, but I am especially fascinated by their complex social behavior and adaptable lifestyles, two traits that they share with humans. Also, one of the most important reasons I care is that wild wolves in the U.S. are a symbolic way of keeping our American heritage of wilderness alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Resources/Links:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/mammals/wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolf information from US Fish & Wildlife Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/gray_wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolves in Washington State\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Living with Wolves\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://westernwildlife.org/gray-wolf-outreach-project/\" target=\"_blank\">Gray Wolf Outreach Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/coexisting-with-carnivores#.Uyh3a_ldV8E\" target=\"_blank\">Seattle Woodland Park Zoo's \"Coexisting With Carnivores\" School Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In Washington state, wolves and deer are playing out a high-stakes game of cat-and-mouse that could have profound impacts on the ecosystem. Watch the video and find out what conservationist, Fred Koontz has to say about the need to protect \"the big bad wolf.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457555585,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1614},"headData":{"title":"QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear | KQED","description":"In Washington state, wolves and deer are playing out a high-stakes game of cat-and-mouse that could have profound impacts on the ecosystem. Watch the video and find out what conservationist, Fred Koontz has to say about the need to protect "the big bad wolf."","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear","datePublished":"2014-03-06T15:00:46.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T20:33:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"66669 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=66669","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/06/wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear/","disqusTitle":"QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sM3L41-xulU","path":"/quest/66669/wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Does “the big bad wolf” play an important role in the modern-day food web? In this video we journey to Washington State’s Cascade Mountains, where the return of wolves could have a profound impact on a vast wilderness area. We meet up with biologist Aaron Wirsing to explore why wolves and other top predators are needed for diverse ecosystems to flourish. Using a simple video camera (a “deer-cam”) Wirsing is gaining a unique perspective on predator/prey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Wolves in the Crosshairs: Q&A with conservationist, Fred Koontz\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67879\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 233px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67879 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg\" alt=\"Fred Koontz\" width=\"233\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg 432w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642-400x530.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Fred Koontz\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gray wolves are in the crosshairs of a heated conservation debate, with the federal government trying to strip all protections for them in the continental U.S. Dr. Fred Koontz, vice president of field conservation at Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, has worked in conservation for three decades and has studied the wolf issue. We talked with Dr. Koontz about the future of wolves in the U.S. and the role they play in maintaining healthy ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wolves may be the most polarizing animal in North America, more so than other large carnivores like cougars or grizzly bears. Why?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The gray wolf is one of the world's most adaptable and widely distributed mammals, ranging over much of Asia, Europe, and North America. Wolves, the size of a German shepherd, are pack-hunting predators that sometimes kill livestock. Combined with wolves’ nocturnal behavior and haunting howling, this has resulted in a long history of conflict with people, especially as human numbers have increased exponentially in recent centuries and agricultural lands expanded into wolf habitat. There are, however, very few documented cases of wolves attacking people, but the rare times it’s happened it’s been sensationalized and blown out of proportion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How have your perceptions or understanding of wolves changed over the years?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>At an early age, my mother read with much theatrical expression “Little Red Riding Hood,” which, like many children, left me fearing the “big bad wolf.” This negative image was reinforced with similar wolf-themed horror movies that I ashamedly spent far too much time watching in my youth. Only when I studied ecology and animal behavior in college and as a wildlife professional did I see a different image of the wolf. Wolves are important regulators of prey numbers and behavior, and as such, influence a web of ecological interactions that enrich biological diversity. I learned also that among many adaptive traits enabling their evolutionary success, wolves have a rich social life and extraordinary set of communication behaviors. The more I learned, the more fascinated I became in understanding how wolves and people might live together for their mutual benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gray wolves have been taken off the federal endangered species list in some states, such as Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. And a \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/home/wolfrecovery/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>recent federal proposal \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>would strip all gray wolves in the continental U.S. of their federal protection. How did this come to be? What kind of politics are at play?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67887\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67887 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg\" alt=\"2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow\" width=\"389\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg 1542w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1440x953.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1180x781.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-960x636.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gray wolves can come in an assortment of colors, such as these all-white wolves. Photo courtesy of Ryan Hawk, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under the Endangered Species Act, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1974 first listed gray wolves as endangered in the lower 48 states. Now they propose to remove them from the ESA list. This idea follows from three decades of actions undertaken by federal, state, and local partners that resulted in population recovery and delisting in 2011 of wolves living in the western Great Lakes states and northern Rockies. With about 6,000 wolves residing in these two recovery areas, USFWS believes that the gray wolf population in general is well established and stable enough to warrant delisting. Many state wildlife officials welcome the move as they are eager to take back the management authority for animals within their political borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, many conservation scientists and wolf advocates believe that more time on the endangered species list -- and [under] federal protection -- would allow wolves a greater opportunity to reclaim more of their former territory and grow the number of their populations. This is important because, despite wolf recovery success in the Great Lakes states and Rocky Mountains, there is still a lot of their former range not yet occupied. Expanded range and more populations, in turn, will provide greater species resiliency to unexpected environmental disruptions like climate change and emerging diseases and also improve long-term wolf survival in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An independent review panel recently found that the federal government \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.kcts9.org/flora-and-fauna/article/panel-finds-feds-didnt-use-best-science-in-wolf-pl/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>used uncertain science\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> when it proposed removing the gray wolf from the endangered species list across the lower 48 states. What could that mean for the future of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>This is important because under Endangered Species Act law the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is obligated to use the best available science. The Service claimed that new genetic research indicated that wolves living in the eastern U.S. were actually a different species, and thus should not be considered as part of the original listing or part of the historic range. The expert panel said the genetic research was uncertain and based largely on one paper. The panel’s report has reopened the debate about delisting gray wolves, and I suspect it will extend the time wolves remain listed. The final decision on delisting is yet to be determined -- public comment is \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ID=0D493E53-AC54-99DD-52400A7BAA5A6085\" target=\"_blank\">encouraged\u003c/a>. [Note: deadline is March 27, 2014]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the long run, the debate about delisting wolves invites larger questions like, what constitutes full recovery of any endangered species, and does the legal framework of the ESA reflect current conservation science and principles of sustainable living? Most importantly, there needs to be agreement at the onset about the ultimate purpose of recovery -- is it simply species survival or restoring ecological function? There are no easy answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67891\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67891 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\" alt=\"Mule Deer Lauren Sobkoviak\" width=\"378\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mule Deer photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ashrunner/8522517826/\" target=\"_blank\">Lauren Sobkoviak.\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it possible for wolves and humans to coexist? What needs to change for that to happen?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I think that wolves and humans ultimately will coexist by sharing land in two key places -- protected areas and rural areas managed for the benefit of people and wildlife, for example, park buffer lands, multiple-use public lands, and designated wildlife corridors. For the reconciliation between wolves and humans to prove fully successful, we will first need a broader understanding of the role that apex predators play in creating healthy ecosystems and why healthy ecosystems are needed by people. In other words, there must be a broader understanding of \u003cstrong>why \u003c/strong>saving wolves is essential to sustainable living. Greater public will to save wolves will result in increased public spending needed to conduct science and carry out sound management actions. For example, we need more research on improving ranching practices to minimize wolf predation of livestock, and insurance programs that compensate ranchers for unavoidable losses. There is already good evidence from pilot efforts that such research and management programs are possible -- and that they work!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why should people care about the fate of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The fate of wolves is tied directly to the greatest challenge facing humankind this century -- sustainable living! With more than seven billion people consuming resources at an accelerating pace, this generation of world citizens must transform our societies to sustainable ones. We must, among other things, protect a wide variety of animal and plant species -- scientists call this “biodiversity.” Many conservation scientists believe that apex predators (animals at the top of the food chain), like wolves, are necessary to maintain habitats rich in life. In turn, high levels of biodiversity bring many direct benefits to people -- everything from providing food and fiber to protecting water supplies and enriching recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67904\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67904 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\" alt=\"Scientist 1\" width=\"367\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg 1133w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-400x330.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-800x661.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-960x793.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist Aaron Wirsing for the University of Washington (right) and graduate student Justin Dellinger (left) radio collar deer with video cameras in order to better understand predator-prey dynamics. Photo courtesy of Greg Davis.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Understanding the links between apex predators and biodiversity is a growing area of research for scientists like Aaron Wirsing of the University of Washington. Since 2008, wolves have been returning to Washington and have reestablished populations in the U.S. northern Rockies. This has provided a unique research opportunity for Wirsing and other scientists. For example, deer populations in Washington have likely over-browsed plants for decades in the absence of gray wolves. One consequence of deer eating trees along streambeds is less habitat for birds, and streams that are more likely to harbor fewer cold-water fish like trout because they are filled with sediments from soil erosion and overheated because of lack of shade. With wolves back in the state, Wirsing is leading a study to document how wolves are changing mule and white-tail deer populations, which in turn affects forest landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you care about wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I care about wolves because as apex predators they contribute significantly to enriching biodiversity needed by people for sustainable living. I also care about wolves because I admire them! Wolves are amazing for many reasons, but I am especially fascinated by their complex social behavior and adaptable lifestyles, two traits that they share with humans. Also, one of the most important reasons I care is that wild wolves in the U.S. are a symbolic way of keeping our American heritage of wilderness alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Resources/Links:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/mammals/wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolf information from US Fish & Wildlife Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/gray_wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolves in Washington State\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Living with Wolves\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://westernwildlife.org/gray-wolf-outreach-project/\" target=\"_blank\">Gray Wolf Outreach Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/coexisting-with-carnivores#.Uyh3a_ldV8E\" target=\"_blank\">Seattle Woodland Park Zoo's \"Coexisting With Carnivores\" School Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/66669/wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear","authors":["10446","10425"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_12556","quest_326","quest_12553","quest_12685","quest_12665","quest_12666","quest_10120","quest_12608","quest_12269","quest_12664","quest_2275","quest_2291","quest_12146","quest_2893","quest_12678","quest_3071","quest_3821","quest_3178","quest_12161"],"featImg":"quest_67886","label":"quest"},"quest_63142":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_63142","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"63142","score":null,"sort":[1392908422000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"landowners-make-way-for-more-shoreline","title":"Landowners Make Way for More Shoreline","publishDate":1392908422,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>On Bainbridge Island, Washington, a transformation is occurring: 7.5 acres of shoreline previously starved of natural vegetation and organisms has begun to recover. Salt marsh vegetation is returning, juvenile salmon can safely swim along the banks, and the shore is reshaping itself into a gentle slope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This environmental success story hung on one family’s decision to remove their shoreline walls rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Powel family has cared for this land for nearly five decades. In 1993, they signed a conservation easement with the \u003ca href=\"http://bi-landtrust.org/\">Bainbridge Island Land Trust\u003c/a> (BILT) for the land to be conserved regardless of the land owner. So when the family noticed their crumbling shoreline walls, they turned to BILT for an answer. After a careful study, the property was determined to be at a low risk for erosion and the family was encouraged to remove their shoreline walls rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"slideshow\" link=\"file\" ids=\"67102,66547,66552,66551,66550,66540,66539,66544,66543,66542,66541,66546,66545,66549,66548\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, for the first time in nearly 60 years, the Powel property has marine and terrestrial environments converging again. This project offers hope for the survival of intertidal coastline habitat being lost in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/pugetsound/species/salmon.html\">Puget Sound\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/feature/whats_damaging_marshes_on_us_coast_and_why_it_matters/2604/\">around the nation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is critical that this is happening now,” says Jim Brennan, a marine biologist from Bainbridge Island who has worked on the Powel Project for three years. “This is very important habitat for salmon and many other fishes and wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing the walls will \u003ca href=\"http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2004409777_growth_shorelines15m1.html\">greatly expand shallow water and salt marsh areas\u003c/a>, creating refuge and migration corridors. When walls are replaced with gently sloped native vegetation, more of the insects important to juvenile Chinook salmon will become readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67148\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 363px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67148 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Feature image 02\" width=\"363\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Brennan holds up images of shoreline walls around the Powel property on Bainbridge Island. Photo by Katie Jennings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Plants create shade for the intertidal habitat,” says Brennan, “They help stabilize beaches and banks, moderate erosion, sedimentation, and contaminants. They produce insects that we now know juvenile salmon, particularly Chinook, eat. So vegetation is an important function for recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists and volunteers have replanted along the Powel property with pickelweed and salt grass that are adapted to the extreme conditions of a salt marsh ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Powel project aligns with Washington State’s salmon and shoreline restoration goals, overseen by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.psp.wa.gov/\">Puget Sound Partnership\u003c/a>, and was partially supported by grant funds through the state’s Puget Sound Acquisition and Restoration Fund. Martha Kongsgaard, chair of the Partnership, believes the Powel Project sets the gold standard for shoreline recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This kind of a model shows what can happen when people listen to each other, get out of their desks, and come on site,” says Kongsgaard. “My hope is this project is one of a string of great stories that we can cobble together around the Puget Sound that’s going to add up to a full recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67188\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 335px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67188 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg\" alt=\"Brenda giving tour\" width=\"335\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg 1146w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-400x373.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-800x746.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-960x895.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brenda Padgham gives a tour of the Powel Project. Photo by Katie Jennings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, some private land owners raise concerns about the erosion of beaches and how removal of their shoreline walls would impact their property. Brenda Padgham, stewardship director for BILT and project manager for the Powel Project, wants these land owners to know that they have options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A restored shoreline could be a more resilient shoreline,” says Padgham. “Restored shorelines may not need to be maintained with heavy construction equipment and big checks written by landowners every 10 to 20 years. This project helps private land owners know that there are more options out there than the traditional ways of ‘protecting’ their property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/plugged-in/2013/07/18/the-best-protection-against-storms-nature-herself/\">a shoreline wall may not be necessary for all\u003c/a> land owners, and the removal of shoreline walls could save them money in the future while improving habitat conditions. Padgham and Brennan hope the Powel family’s decision can be an inspiration to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can take incremental steps, neighbor by neighbor, then I think people will start to feel more open to a dialogue [about restoration] without feeling a loss to their property rights,” says Padgham. This is an example for others to look to on how people can live along their shoreline in a way that can contribute to the overall goal of recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How one family’s decision to remove their waterfront wall has sparked the recovery of coastal ecosystems on a popular Washington island.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442702176,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":true,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":737},"headData":{"title":"Landowners Make Way for More Shoreline | KQED","description":"How one family’s decision to remove their waterfront wall has sparked the recovery of coastal ecosystems on a popular Washington island.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Landowners Make Way for More Shoreline","datePublished":"2014-02-20T15:00:22.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T22:36:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"63142 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=63142","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/20/landowners-make-way-for-more-shoreline/","disqusTitle":"Landowners Make Way for More Shoreline","videoEmbed":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWnr6XaRCho","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/63142/landowners-make-way-for-more-shoreline","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Bainbridge Island, Washington, a transformation is occurring: 7.5 acres of shoreline previously starved of natural vegetation and organisms has begun to recover. Salt marsh vegetation is returning, juvenile salmon can safely swim along the banks, and the shore is reshaping itself into a gentle slope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This environmental success story hung on one family’s decision to remove their shoreline walls rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Powel family has cared for this land for nearly five decades. In 1993, they signed a conservation easement with the \u003ca href=\"http://bi-landtrust.org/\">Bainbridge Island Land Trust\u003c/a> (BILT) for the land to be conserved regardless of the land owner. So when the family noticed their crumbling shoreline walls, they turned to BILT for an answer. After a careful study, the property was determined to be at a low risk for erosion and the family was encouraged to remove their shoreline walls rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"gallery","attributes":{"named":{"type":"slideshow","link":"file","ids":"67102,66547,66552,66551,66550,66540,66539,66544,66543,66542,66541,66546,66545,66549,66548","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, for the first time in nearly 60 years, the Powel property has marine and terrestrial environments converging again. This project offers hope for the survival of intertidal coastline habitat being lost in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/pugetsound/species/salmon.html\">Puget Sound\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/feature/whats_damaging_marshes_on_us_coast_and_why_it_matters/2604/\">around the nation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is critical that this is happening now,” says Jim Brennan, a marine biologist from Bainbridge Island who has worked on the Powel Project for three years. “This is very important habitat for salmon and many other fishes and wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing the walls will \u003ca href=\"http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2004409777_growth_shorelines15m1.html\">greatly expand shallow water and salt marsh areas\u003c/a>, creating refuge and migration corridors. When walls are replaced with gently sloped native vegetation, more of the insects important to juvenile Chinook salmon will become readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67148\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 363px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67148 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Feature image 02\" width=\"363\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Brennan holds up images of shoreline walls around the Powel property on Bainbridge Island. Photo by Katie Jennings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Plants create shade for the intertidal habitat,” says Brennan, “They help stabilize beaches and banks, moderate erosion, sedimentation, and contaminants. They produce insects that we now know juvenile salmon, particularly Chinook, eat. So vegetation is an important function for recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists and volunteers have replanted along the Powel property with pickelweed and salt grass that are adapted to the extreme conditions of a salt marsh ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Powel project aligns with Washington State’s salmon and shoreline restoration goals, overseen by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.psp.wa.gov/\">Puget Sound Partnership\u003c/a>, and was partially supported by grant funds through the state’s Puget Sound Acquisition and Restoration Fund. Martha Kongsgaard, chair of the Partnership, believes the Powel Project sets the gold standard for shoreline recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This kind of a model shows what can happen when people listen to each other, get out of their desks, and come on site,” says Kongsgaard. “My hope is this project is one of a string of great stories that we can cobble together around the Puget Sound that’s going to add up to a full recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67188\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 335px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67188 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg\" alt=\"Brenda giving tour\" width=\"335\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg 1146w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-400x373.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-800x746.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-960x895.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brenda Padgham gives a tour of the Powel Project. Photo by Katie Jennings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, some private land owners raise concerns about the erosion of beaches and how removal of their shoreline walls would impact their property. Brenda Padgham, stewardship director for BILT and project manager for the Powel Project, wants these land owners to know that they have options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A restored shoreline could be a more resilient shoreline,” says Padgham. “Restored shorelines may not need to be maintained with heavy construction equipment and big checks written by landowners every 10 to 20 years. This project helps private land owners know that there are more options out there than the traditional ways of ‘protecting’ their property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/plugged-in/2013/07/18/the-best-protection-against-storms-nature-herself/\">a shoreline wall may not be necessary for all\u003c/a> land owners, and the removal of shoreline walls could save them money in the future while improving habitat conditions. Padgham and Brennan hope the Powel family’s decision can be an inspiration to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can take incremental steps, neighbor by neighbor, then I think people will start to feel more open to a dialogue [about restoration] without feeling a loss to their property rights,” says Padgham. This is an example for others to look to on how people can live along their shoreline in a way that can contribute to the overall goal of recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/63142/landowners-make-way-for-more-shoreline","authors":["10471"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_12556","quest_12619","quest_326","quest_12617","quest_621","quest_12621","quest_11940","quest_12505","quest_11003","quest_12269","quest_1293","quest_12618","quest_12620","quest_12146","quest_2477","quest_2623","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_67148","label":"source_quest_63142"},"quest_61731":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_61731","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"61731","score":null,"sort":[1386687626000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"putting-nuisance-beavers-to-work","title":"Putting Nuisance Beavers to Work","publishDate":1386687626,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63927\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/IMG_9762-2-e1384971651640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-63927 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/IMG_9762-2-e1384971651640.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_9762-2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/IMG_9762-2-e1384971651640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/IMG_9762-2-e1384971651640-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists and volunteers in the Yakima Basin move nuisance beavers into upper Yakima River tributaries. Photo courtesy of William Meyer.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With their strong buck teeth and flat tails, beavers are the engineers of the natural world. Their craftsmanship, however, sometimes impacts man-made environments such as houses, roads, and farms. As a result, beavers are often considered to be nuisance animals and killed for the trouble they cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, beavers throughout central and eastern Washington State are being saved. In March 2011, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) established a three-year pilot project to relocate troublemaking beavers from homes and farms and move them to upper river tributaries. WDFW biologist William Meyer has been working on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CDQQFjAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.rco.wa.gov%2Fprism%2Fsearch%2FProjectSnapshotAttachmentData.aspx%3Fid%3D123150&ei=08pJUrGPJPGgyQGo3oGYCA&usg=AFQjCNEIcAzK6ewqUoHMFYy-aCH3ifnUbw&sig2=eMQWScjyJsyWSlz3AP9WHA&bvm=bv.53371865,bs.1,d.aWM\">Yakima Basin Beaver Project\u003c/a> since its inception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63922\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 382px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-63922 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-near-beaver-cage-e1384970770675.jpg\" alt=\"Man near beaver cage\" width=\"382\" height=\"417\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-near-beaver-cage-e1384970770675.jpg 1010w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-near-beaver-cage-e1384970770675-400x437.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-near-beaver-cage-e1384970770675-800x874.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-near-beaver-cage-e1384970770675-960x1049.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This beaver is becoming acclimated to the creek before release. Photo courtesy of William Meyer.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I originally got the idea for this project from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.methowconservancy.org/beaver_project.html\">Methow Valley Beaver Project\u003c/a>,” said Meyer. “I thought, ‘I need to apply for a grant and do this project in the Yakima Basin.’” Meyer received funding for the project from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rco.wa.gov/boards/srfb.shtml\">Salmon Recovery Funding Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eastern Washington is a dry and arid place concerned with water storage and maintaining a healthy water cycle for crops, wildlife, and people. As climate change progresses, concerns about water quantity and quality continue to mount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the relocation of 105 beavers over three years Meyer has seen firsthand how these fuzzy engineers help restore stream ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beaver [dams] create stream complexity,” said Meyer, “Stream complexity leads to more food, more fish, and more wildlife habitat. When we set our monitoring cameras, we very frequently get pictures of deer, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/bobcats.avi\" target=\"_blank\">bobcat\u003c/a>, elk, mice, birds, and a whole host of animals that now live around these beaver dams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WDFW has also captured images of the relocated beavers \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/building-dams.avi\" target=\"_blank\">building dams\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/grooming-themselves.avi\" target=\"_blank\">grooming themselves\u003c/a> in their new habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of a year one beaver colony provides about \u003ca href=\"http://www.econw.com/media/ap_files/ECONorthwest_Publication_Escalante-Beaver-Values_2011-10.pdf\">$13,000 of ecosystem services\u003c/a>. These services range from connecting flood plains to benefit plant growth, preventing floods by enabling water to slowly soak into the soil, and preventing pollutants from flowing downstream into drinking water. The most notable benefit is restoring salmon habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The success of Coho salmon is highly connected to healthy beaver populations,” said Meyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64161\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 419px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-64161 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855.jpg\" alt=\"Traveling beaver across meadow\" width=\"419\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855.jpg 1248w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855-400x348.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855-800x696.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855-1180x1027.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855-960x835.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beavers are the largest rodent in North America, and moving them can be a challenge, but biologists think the benefits outweigh the costs. Photo courtesy of William Meyer.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By the 1980s, certain Yakima Basin salmon runs had disappeared and others were nearly extinct. After 20 years of reintroduction efforts and habitat improvement projects, including beaver relocations, the area is seeing the salmon return. One result of the beaver ponds is that stream flows improve, which means better migration paths for the salmon. The ponds also provide safe spots for young salmon to rear, prior to migrating to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beaver populations around the world have survived habitat loss, \u003ca href=\"http://www.whiteoak.org/historical-library/fur-trade/the-beaver-fur-hat/\">fashion trends\u003c/a>, and slaughter by agitated residents. Thanks to the Yakima Basin Beaver Project and other groups in Washington, nuisance beavers are becoming worker beavers, and their populations may be reviving once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is a win/win,” said Meyer, “These little ecosystem engineers can restore habitat, and [by moving them] we can solve someone’s problem.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists in central Washington State relocate beavers in an effort to restore watersheds and reduce clashes between the animals and humans. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1394136473,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":572},"headData":{"title":"Putting Nuisance Beavers to Work | KQED","description":"Scientists in central Washington State relocate beavers in an effort to restore watersheds and reduce clashes between the animals and humans. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Putting Nuisance Beavers to Work","datePublished":"2013-12-10T15:00:26.000Z","dateModified":"2014-03-06T20:07:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"61731 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=61731","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/10/putting-nuisance-beavers-to-work/","disqusTitle":"Putting Nuisance Beavers to Work","path":"/quest/61731/putting-nuisance-beavers-to-work","audioUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/blogs.dir/31/files/2013/10/bobcats.avi","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63927\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/IMG_9762-2-e1384971651640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-63927 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/IMG_9762-2-e1384971651640.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_9762-2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/IMG_9762-2-e1384971651640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/IMG_9762-2-e1384971651640-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists and volunteers in the Yakima Basin move nuisance beavers into upper Yakima River tributaries. Photo courtesy of William Meyer.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With their strong buck teeth and flat tails, beavers are the engineers of the natural world. Their craftsmanship, however, sometimes impacts man-made environments such as houses, roads, and farms. As a result, beavers are often considered to be nuisance animals and killed for the trouble they cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, beavers throughout central and eastern Washington State are being saved. In March 2011, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) established a three-year pilot project to relocate troublemaking beavers from homes and farms and move them to upper river tributaries. WDFW biologist William Meyer has been working on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CDQQFjAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.rco.wa.gov%2Fprism%2Fsearch%2FProjectSnapshotAttachmentData.aspx%3Fid%3D123150&ei=08pJUrGPJPGgyQGo3oGYCA&usg=AFQjCNEIcAzK6ewqUoHMFYy-aCH3ifnUbw&sig2=eMQWScjyJsyWSlz3AP9WHA&bvm=bv.53371865,bs.1,d.aWM\">Yakima Basin Beaver Project\u003c/a> since its inception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63922\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 382px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-63922 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-near-beaver-cage-e1384970770675.jpg\" alt=\"Man near beaver cage\" width=\"382\" height=\"417\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-near-beaver-cage-e1384970770675.jpg 1010w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-near-beaver-cage-e1384970770675-400x437.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-near-beaver-cage-e1384970770675-800x874.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-near-beaver-cage-e1384970770675-960x1049.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This beaver is becoming acclimated to the creek before release. Photo courtesy of William Meyer.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I originally got the idea for this project from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.methowconservancy.org/beaver_project.html\">Methow Valley Beaver Project\u003c/a>,” said Meyer. “I thought, ‘I need to apply for a grant and do this project in the Yakima Basin.’” Meyer received funding for the project from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rco.wa.gov/boards/srfb.shtml\">Salmon Recovery Funding Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eastern Washington is a dry and arid place concerned with water storage and maintaining a healthy water cycle for crops, wildlife, and people. As climate change progresses, concerns about water quantity and quality continue to mount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the relocation of 105 beavers over three years Meyer has seen firsthand how these fuzzy engineers help restore stream ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beaver [dams] create stream complexity,” said Meyer, “Stream complexity leads to more food, more fish, and more wildlife habitat. When we set our monitoring cameras, we very frequently get pictures of deer, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/bobcats.avi\" target=\"_blank\">bobcat\u003c/a>, elk, mice, birds, and a whole host of animals that now live around these beaver dams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WDFW has also captured images of the relocated beavers \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/building-dams.avi\" target=\"_blank\">building dams\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/grooming-themselves.avi\" target=\"_blank\">grooming themselves\u003c/a> in their new habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of a year one beaver colony provides about \u003ca href=\"http://www.econw.com/media/ap_files/ECONorthwest_Publication_Escalante-Beaver-Values_2011-10.pdf\">$13,000 of ecosystem services\u003c/a>. These services range from connecting flood plains to benefit plant growth, preventing floods by enabling water to slowly soak into the soil, and preventing pollutants from flowing downstream into drinking water. The most notable benefit is restoring salmon habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The success of Coho salmon is highly connected to healthy beaver populations,” said Meyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64161\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 419px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-64161 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855.jpg\" alt=\"Traveling beaver across meadow\" width=\"419\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855.jpg 1248w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855-400x348.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855-800x696.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855-1180x1027.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Traveling-beaver-across-meadow-e1385407971855-960x835.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beavers are the largest rodent in North America, and moving them can be a challenge, but biologists think the benefits outweigh the costs. Photo courtesy of William Meyer.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By the 1980s, certain Yakima Basin salmon runs had disappeared and others were nearly extinct. After 20 years of reintroduction efforts and habitat improvement projects, including beaver relocations, the area is seeing the salmon return. One result of the beaver ponds is that stream flows improve, which means better migration paths for the salmon. The ponds also provide safe spots for young salmon to rear, prior to migrating to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beaver populations around the world have survived habitat loss, \u003ca href=\"http://www.whiteoak.org/historical-library/fur-trade/the-beaver-fur-hat/\">fashion trends\u003c/a>, and slaughter by agitated residents. Thanks to the Yakima Basin Beaver Project and other groups in Washington, nuisance beavers are becoming worker beavers, and their populations may be reviving once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is a win/win,” said Meyer, “These little ecosystem engineers can restore habitat, and [by moving them] we can solve someone’s problem.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/61731/putting-nuisance-beavers-to-work","authors":["10471","10425"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_11903","quest_12680","quest_326","quest_12553","quest_621","quest_921","quest_12505","quest_925","quest_13197","quest_12269","quest_12681","quest_12434","quest_2349","quest_3288","quest_12146","quest_12435","quest_12437","quest_12433","quest_10806","quest_12436","quest_12679"],"featImg":"quest_63927","label":"quest"},"quest_50959":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_50959","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"50959","score":null,"sort":[1386255625000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-people-drove-an-evolution-in-cliff-swallows","title":"How People Drove an Evolution in Cliff Swallows","publishDate":1386255625,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63736 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/MaryBB_IMG_8975-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"MaryBB_IMG_8975\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Nebraska ornithologist Mary Bomberger Brown measures the wingspan of a cliff swallow. Photo credit: Gary Hochman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">When the worlds of nature and people converge, nature is often endangered. But in a strange twist, the manmade world of highways has favored the survival of \u003ca href=\"http://birds.audubon.org/birds/cliff-swallow\">cliff swallows\u003c/a>, according to University of Nebraska ornithologist Mary Bomberger Brown. “Natural selection and human development have created a better bird,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63746\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 191px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63746 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/DSC_0033a-235x253.jpg\" alt=\"DSC_0033a\" width=\"191\" height=\"205\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff swallows are migratory birds that live in large colonies. Photo credit: Mary Bomberger Brown\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bomberger Brown's bold conclusion is based on her \u003ca href=\"http://download.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/PIIS0960982213001942.pdf\">30-year study of cliff swallows\u003c/a> – one of the longest running evolution studies in the world. Cliff swallows are North American migratory birds. From March to September, they nest and breed in colonies ranging from Canada to Mexico. In winter, they migrate to Chile, Argentina and Brazil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year during the last three decades, Bomberger Brown and her colleague, Charles Brown of the University of Tulsa, have been conducting a detailed study of cliff swallow life along the roadways and waterways of western Nebraska near Lake McConaughy. Their findings show how natural conditions and human expansion have affected the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the swallows’ wings and body changed significantly,” said Bomberger Brown. “The question was – why?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Browns never set out to conduct an evolution study. In 1982, they began studying bird behavior on a premise related to the old English proverb ‘\u003cem>birds of a feather flock together.’ \u003c/em>When the study began, the big question in behavioral ecology was, why do animals live in groups? Why are they social?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bomberger Brown explains, “Cliff swallows are one of the most social birds in North America. They all live together in large colonies.” The colonies are a natural survival strategy. Swallows are aerial insectivores, meaning they eat insects that they catch in flight. They bugs they catch fly in swarms, including mosquitoes, flies, midges, and leafhoppers. “If you live in a big community like swallows do, they share information – following groups of birds to the location of food, so they can feed more efficiently,” said Bomberger Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63742\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 260px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63742 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/IMG_0356-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_0356\" width=\"260\" height=\"195\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff swallows build nests from globs of mud they deposit by the beak full. Photo credit: Mary Bomberger Brown\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By nature, cliff swallows build their jug-shaped nests on the sides of cliffs or bluffs, as protection from birds of prey and snakes. They’re always close to water because the swallows build their nests from globs of mud they collect by the beak full. \u003cins cite=\"mailto:Lisa%20Landers\" datetime=\"2013-11-12T14:59\">\u003c/ins>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Browns began studying the swallows, most of their nests lined the bluffs along the shoreline of Lake McConaughy. In a 90 by 30 mile area, the Browns check around 80 active colonies each year. Each nest holds\u003cins cite=\"mailto:Lisa%20Landers\" datetime=\"2013-11-12T14:57\"> \u003c/ins>a pair of adults and 3-4 chicks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average colony contains at least2,200 birds. But one colony is enormous – 6,000 nests – or about 34,000 swallows\u003cspan style=\"color: #008000\">. \u003c/span>During the long-term study, Bomberger Brown has examined 317,000 cliff swallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But soon after their study began, Bomberger Brown began finding that many of the cliff nests were abandoned. So, where did the birds move? Driving from one site to the next, she noticed a radical shift in the birds’ nesting preference. The swallows were forming new nesting colonies in the most unlikely places; beneath highway overpasses and bridges. The Browns wondered why this was happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64200\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 315px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-64200 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Cliff-Swallow-Nests-on-Bridge_IMG_0365-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cliff Swallow Nests on Bridge_IMG_0365\" width=\"315\" height=\"177\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff swallow nests under a highway bridge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By chance, their study coincided with a sweeping change in roadway design. A nationwide boom in highway and interstate construction was replacing old wooden trestle bridges with new concrete bridges and overpasses. Bomberger Brown soon realized that the swallows abandoned nesting on cliffs of loose, crumbly sandstone in favor of firm concrete structures that offered overhangs sheltering the birds from the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We built them a better cliff, says Bomberger Brown, “and the birds flocked to them.” As the highways, expanded east and west, the birds followed suit. “You can now see them across the country,” she adds. “They’ve just followed people in their roadways, so humans have actually expanded their range – from ocean to ocean.” To track the birds, the Browns placed metal leg bands on the swallows to identify them. And to learn how the birds compare, they capture the birds to measure their bodies, beaks, wings, feet, and tails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as roadways spread, so did agriculture and insects. “It’s a mutualistic relationship,” explains Bomberger Brown. “We’ve given them more food. We’ve given them places to nest. The birds provide pest control. They live with us and they’ve become part of our landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their new homes came with a risk. The highways were full of cars, trucks and RVs. “It’s an environment that can threaten their survival,” says Bomberger Brown. Soon, traveling up and down the highway, they found birds killed by cars. Examining each swallow, they measured the bodies and wings of each bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, they found about 20-40 road kill swallows. Ironically, with each year’s survey, the number of dead birds on the road was decreasing – at the same time that traffic and the size of cars were increasing. It was a curious finding, but the Browns were not sure why this was happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, nature intervened with a catastrophe. On the last weekend of May 1996, four days of cold, rain and snow stretched east and west from Colorado to Iowa and north and south from North Dakota to Oklahoma. According to the National Weather Service, this was a freak May storm that had only occurred once before – in 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ordinarily, rain and cold wouldn’t seem like much of a threat,” Bomberger Brown explains. “Swallows can go for four days without eating – but they will starve and start dying on the fifth day.” Cliff swallows usually feed when insects fly, but that doesn’t happen in cold, wet weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cold, wet and starving, about 70% of the cliff swallow population died on the fifth day. The Browns collected 1,856 dead swallows in the Nebraska study area. She estimates that throughout the region, hundreds of thousands of birds died. But not all the cliff swallows were wiped out. Some survived. It was a puzzle the Browns were determined to solve.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The survivors’ shorter wings made them more acrobatic, like a fighter plane.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Measuring each dead bird and comparing them to the birds that remained, the Browns made a surprising discovery. The birds that died had shorter bodies and longer asymmetrical wings. But the birds that lived had larger bodies and shorter wings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The survivors’ shorter wings made them more acrobatic, like a fighter plane. They were able to twist and turn, dodging oncoming traffic, especially larger vehicles like SUVs and Mac trucks. The road kill birds had been less agile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63763\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 303px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63763 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Cliff-Swallow_Comparison_2-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cliff Swallow_Comparison_2\" width=\"303\" height=\"202\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comparison of cliff swallow wingspans. Swallows with longer wings (top) are more prone to be hit by cars than those with shorter wings (bottom). Photo credit: Gary Hochman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To understand how the swallows had changed, the Browns reviewed all the data they had collected on living swallows, those birds killed by cars, and those killed by the extreme weather. A clear pattern emerged. Both the birds killed by cars and those killed by the storm had long, asymmetrical wings. The survivors all had wings that averaged one half inch shorter. That’s a significant difference on a wingspan of four and a half inches. And it made all the difference between life and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Browns concluded that over the course of just a few decades, the wingspan of cliff swallows became shorter as an adaptation to avoiding oncoming traffic. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The wingspan of cliff swallows became shorter as an adaptation to avoiding oncoming traffic.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Almost overnight, the natural calamity of the extreme weather revealed an evolutionary adaptation in cliff swallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bomberger Brown chalks it up to an oddity in natural selection – not because the swallows changed – but how fast they evolved to adapt to a major transformation of their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, you expect population genetics to take millions of years. And while cliff swallows didn’t turn into different species, they have evolved through natural selection in a surprisingly short time – just 30 years. “In evolutionary terms, 30 years is an instant in time,” says Bomberger Brown. Yet her study shows that human development of roads and bridges across America have triggered natural selection to significantly modify the body structure and wing length of cliff swallows. \u003cins cite=\"mailto:Lisa%20Landers\" datetime=\"2013-11-12T15:31\">\u003c/ins>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, swallows thrive alongside people who literally zip by the birds. In a strange twist of fate, the survival of cliff swallows has been aided by the network of concrete highway overpasses and bridges that span North America.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Find out how people and roadway designs have favored the survival and evolution of cliff swallows across America. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443823848,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1584},"headData":{"title":"How People Drove an Evolution in Cliff Swallows | KQED","description":"Find out how people and roadway designs have favored the survival and evolution of cliff swallows across America. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How People Drove an Evolution in Cliff Swallows","datePublished":"2013-12-05T15:00:25.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T22:10:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"50959 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=50959","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/05/how-people-drove-an-evolution-in-cliff-swallows/","disqusTitle":"How People Drove an Evolution in Cliff Swallows","path":"/quest/50959/how-people-drove-an-evolution-in-cliff-swallows","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63736 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/MaryBB_IMG_8975-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"MaryBB_IMG_8975\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Nebraska ornithologist Mary Bomberger Brown measures the wingspan of a cliff swallow. Photo credit: Gary Hochman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">When the worlds of nature and people converge, nature is often endangered. But in a strange twist, the manmade world of highways has favored the survival of \u003ca href=\"http://birds.audubon.org/birds/cliff-swallow\">cliff swallows\u003c/a>, according to University of Nebraska ornithologist Mary Bomberger Brown. “Natural selection and human development have created a better bird,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63746\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 191px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63746 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/DSC_0033a-235x253.jpg\" alt=\"DSC_0033a\" width=\"191\" height=\"205\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff swallows are migratory birds that live in large colonies. Photo credit: Mary Bomberger Brown\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bomberger Brown's bold conclusion is based on her \u003ca href=\"http://download.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/PIIS0960982213001942.pdf\">30-year study of cliff swallows\u003c/a> – one of the longest running evolution studies in the world. Cliff swallows are North American migratory birds. From March to September, they nest and breed in colonies ranging from Canada to Mexico. In winter, they migrate to Chile, Argentina and Brazil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year during the last three decades, Bomberger Brown and her colleague, Charles Brown of the University of Tulsa, have been conducting a detailed study of cliff swallow life along the roadways and waterways of western Nebraska near Lake McConaughy. Their findings show how natural conditions and human expansion have affected the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the swallows’ wings and body changed significantly,” said Bomberger Brown. “The question was – why?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Browns never set out to conduct an evolution study. In 1982, they began studying bird behavior on a premise related to the old English proverb ‘\u003cem>birds of a feather flock together.’ \u003c/em>When the study began, the big question in behavioral ecology was, why do animals live in groups? Why are they social?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bomberger Brown explains, “Cliff swallows are one of the most social birds in North America. They all live together in large colonies.” The colonies are a natural survival strategy. Swallows are aerial insectivores, meaning they eat insects that they catch in flight. They bugs they catch fly in swarms, including mosquitoes, flies, midges, and leafhoppers. “If you live in a big community like swallows do, they share information – following groups of birds to the location of food, so they can feed more efficiently,” said Bomberger Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63742\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 260px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63742 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/IMG_0356-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_0356\" width=\"260\" height=\"195\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff swallows build nests from globs of mud they deposit by the beak full. Photo credit: Mary Bomberger Brown\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By nature, cliff swallows build their jug-shaped nests on the sides of cliffs or bluffs, as protection from birds of prey and snakes. They’re always close to water because the swallows build their nests from globs of mud they collect by the beak full. \u003cins cite=\"mailto:Lisa%20Landers\" datetime=\"2013-11-12T14:59\">\u003c/ins>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Browns began studying the swallows, most of their nests lined the bluffs along the shoreline of Lake McConaughy. In a 90 by 30 mile area, the Browns check around 80 active colonies each year. Each nest holds\u003cins cite=\"mailto:Lisa%20Landers\" datetime=\"2013-11-12T14:57\"> \u003c/ins>a pair of adults and 3-4 chicks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average colony contains at least2,200 birds. But one colony is enormous – 6,000 nests – or about 34,000 swallows\u003cspan style=\"color: #008000\">. \u003c/span>During the long-term study, Bomberger Brown has examined 317,000 cliff swallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But soon after their study began, Bomberger Brown began finding that many of the cliff nests were abandoned. So, where did the birds move? Driving from one site to the next, she noticed a radical shift in the birds’ nesting preference. The swallows were forming new nesting colonies in the most unlikely places; beneath highway overpasses and bridges. The Browns wondered why this was happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64200\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 315px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-64200 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Cliff-Swallow-Nests-on-Bridge_IMG_0365-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cliff Swallow Nests on Bridge_IMG_0365\" width=\"315\" height=\"177\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff swallow nests under a highway bridge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By chance, their study coincided with a sweeping change in roadway design. A nationwide boom in highway and interstate construction was replacing old wooden trestle bridges with new concrete bridges and overpasses. Bomberger Brown soon realized that the swallows abandoned nesting on cliffs of loose, crumbly sandstone in favor of firm concrete structures that offered overhangs sheltering the birds from the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We built them a better cliff, says Bomberger Brown, “and the birds flocked to them.” As the highways, expanded east and west, the birds followed suit. “You can now see them across the country,” she adds. “They’ve just followed people in their roadways, so humans have actually expanded their range – from ocean to ocean.” To track the birds, the Browns placed metal leg bands on the swallows to identify them. And to learn how the birds compare, they capture the birds to measure their bodies, beaks, wings, feet, and tails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as roadways spread, so did agriculture and insects. “It’s a mutualistic relationship,” explains Bomberger Brown. “We’ve given them more food. We’ve given them places to nest. The birds provide pest control. They live with us and they’ve become part of our landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their new homes came with a risk. The highways were full of cars, trucks and RVs. “It’s an environment that can threaten their survival,” says Bomberger Brown. Soon, traveling up and down the highway, they found birds killed by cars. Examining each swallow, they measured the bodies and wings of each bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, they found about 20-40 road kill swallows. Ironically, with each year’s survey, the number of dead birds on the road was decreasing – at the same time that traffic and the size of cars were increasing. It was a curious finding, but the Browns were not sure why this was happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, nature intervened with a catastrophe. On the last weekend of May 1996, four days of cold, rain and snow stretched east and west from Colorado to Iowa and north and south from North Dakota to Oklahoma. According to the National Weather Service, this was a freak May storm that had only occurred once before – in 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ordinarily, rain and cold wouldn’t seem like much of a threat,” Bomberger Brown explains. “Swallows can go for four days without eating – but they will starve and start dying on the fifth day.” Cliff swallows usually feed when insects fly, but that doesn’t happen in cold, wet weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cold, wet and starving, about 70% of the cliff swallow population died on the fifth day. The Browns collected 1,856 dead swallows in the Nebraska study area. She estimates that throughout the region, hundreds of thousands of birds died. But not all the cliff swallows were wiped out. Some survived. It was a puzzle the Browns were determined to solve.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The survivors’ shorter wings made them more acrobatic, like a fighter plane.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Measuring each dead bird and comparing them to the birds that remained, the Browns made a surprising discovery. The birds that died had shorter bodies and longer asymmetrical wings. But the birds that lived had larger bodies and shorter wings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The survivors’ shorter wings made them more acrobatic, like a fighter plane. They were able to twist and turn, dodging oncoming traffic, especially larger vehicles like SUVs and Mac trucks. The road kill birds had been less agile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63763\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 303px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63763 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Cliff-Swallow_Comparison_2-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cliff Swallow_Comparison_2\" width=\"303\" height=\"202\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comparison of cliff swallow wingspans. Swallows with longer wings (top) are more prone to be hit by cars than those with shorter wings (bottom). Photo credit: Gary Hochman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To understand how the swallows had changed, the Browns reviewed all the data they had collected on living swallows, those birds killed by cars, and those killed by the extreme weather. A clear pattern emerged. Both the birds killed by cars and those killed by the storm had long, asymmetrical wings. The survivors all had wings that averaged one half inch shorter. That’s a significant difference on a wingspan of four and a half inches. And it made all the difference between life and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Browns concluded that over the course of just a few decades, the wingspan of cliff swallows became shorter as an adaptation to avoiding oncoming traffic. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The wingspan of cliff swallows became shorter as an adaptation to avoiding oncoming traffic.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Almost overnight, the natural calamity of the extreme weather revealed an evolutionary adaptation in cliff swallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bomberger Brown chalks it up to an oddity in natural selection – not because the swallows changed – but how fast they evolved to adapt to a major transformation of their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, you expect population genetics to take millions of years. And while cliff swallows didn’t turn into different species, they have evolved through natural selection in a surprisingly short time – just 30 years. “In evolutionary terms, 30 years is an instant in time,” says Bomberger Brown. Yet her study shows that human development of roads and bridges across America have triggered natural selection to significantly modify the body structure and wing length of cliff swallows. \u003cins cite=\"mailto:Lisa%20Landers\" datetime=\"2013-11-12T15:31\">\u003c/ins>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, swallows thrive alongside people who literally zip by the birds. In a strange twist of fate, the survival of cliff swallows has been aided by the network of concrete highway overpasses and bridges that span North America.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/50959/how-people-drove-an-evolution-in-cliff-swallows","authors":["10297"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_326","quest_340","quest_12458","quest_1032","quest_12269","quest_12461","quest_3679","quest_12463","quest_12462","quest_12354","quest_12373","quest_3792","quest_12459","quest_3331","quest_12460"],"featImg":"quest_64159","label":"quest"},"quest_59948":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_59948","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"59948","score":null,"sort":[1385650800000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"whats-for-thanksgiving-dinner-turkey-or-cormorant","title":"What’s for Thanksgiving Dinner, Turkey or Cormorant?","publishDate":1385650800,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63950\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Classic-turkey-e1384984333964.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-63950 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Classic-turkey-e1384984333964.jpg\" alt=\"Classic turkey\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Classic-turkey-e1384984333964.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Classic-turkey-e1384984333964-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/sackton/8218985089/in/photostream/\">Tim Sackton\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The average American eats the same 12 to 20 different foods every week. But imagine a world in which you ate hundreds of different foods throughout the year, and all of it was locally grown. In such a world you would have more than 50 birds to choose from for your Thanksgiving feast, not just turkey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Coast Salish tribes of the Pacific Northwest, this world of vast food variety was a reality. Dr. Robert Kopperl, affiliate curator and archaeologist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.burkemuseum.org\">Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture\u003c/a> in Seattle helped gather data on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bTru5CmSa0\">10,000 years of Coast Salish diets and foods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63955\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 319px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63955 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Thanksgiving-feast.jpg\" alt=\"A typical Thanksgiving feast. Image courtesy of ccho. \" width=\"319\" height=\"477\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A typical Thanksgiving feast. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ccho/6397578893/\">ccho\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I worked on the ‘archaeology’ of the archaeology,” said Kopperl. “Without looking at any more sites or doing any more archaeological excavations, we were trying to figure out the past traditional diets. We came up with a pre-Euro-American context of all the different species of animals, plants, and shellfish [in the area]. That gave us an idea of the ‘grocery list’ of foods eaten by Native American groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, these archaeological findings were kept in highly technical and difficult to find reports. Now, combined with elder accounts and memories, this information has been summarized in a list of more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.burkemuseum.org/pub/Traditional_Coast_Salish_Foods.pdf\">300 different foods\u003c/a> that Coast Salish ancestors traditionally ate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited to bring information that tends to be esoteric and make it useful and relevant to people’s lives,” said Kopperl. “There is a very rich oral tradition of Native American hunting, fishing, and gathering. The archaeology and archaeology sites are complementary to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By combing through oral traditions and artifacts, archaeologists and elders will build a road map for reviving traditional and diverse foods. \u003ca title=\"Wild Foods and Medicines\" href=\"http://wildfoodsandmedicines.com/\">Elise Krohn\u003c/a>, a traditional food specialist with the \u003ca href=\"http://nwicplantsandfoods.com\">Northwest Indian College\u003c/a>, believes this information will help improve the health of tribal communities like the Coast Salish, who populate many areas of the Pacific Northwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/58132119\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Audio interview with Elise Krohn by the Burke Museum.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at what people ate five or six generations ago on an annual basis, there were hundreds of types of foods,” said Krohn. “In this very short period we’ve gone from this incredibly complex diet, eating with the seasons and eating many types of foods, to eating just a few foods. That has had a huge impact on our bodies. Eating a wide variety of food probably ensures we are getting all those complex nutrients that we need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63953\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 387px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63953 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Assortment-of-food.jpg\" alt=\"Assortment of food\" width=\"387\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Assortment-of-food.jpg 1279w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Assortment-of-food-400x283.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Assortment-of-food-800x566.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Assortment-of-food-1180x835.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Assortment-of-food-960x679.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 387px) 100vw, 387px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This assortment of foods can be found on the Coast Salish People’s food list. Image courtesy of Elise Krohn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Diabetes and obesity are on the rise in the United States, \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/plape/tradfoods/tradfoodfaq.htm\">particularly in Native American\u003c/a> groups. The convenience of processed and fast foods has beaten out healthy and whole food options. Traditional foods, however, can offer a list of tastier and more nutritious options. Elders hope this will resonate with younger Coast Salish generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Food is our culture,” said Warren King George of the Muckleshoot/Upper Skagit Indian tribes and co-curator of the Burke Museum's\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.burkemuseum.org/salish_bounty\">\u003cstrong>Salish Bounty\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> exhibit \u003ca href=\"http://www.burkemuseum.org/booknow/salish_bounty_itin\">now traveling in Washington State\u003c/a>. “Food is going to bring us back together again to revisit one another, to reestablish our acquaintances, to strengthen our friendships, and to allow us to grow much more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By combining archaeological research with tribal knowledge, Coast Salish tribes now have access to a long list of healthy, diverse, and local food choices. But it’s not just the Coast Salish who stand to benefit from this kind of knowledge -- and it’s not just about reviving interest in traditional foods. A better understanding of ancestral eating habits, whether by archaeological research, family recipes, or passed-down knowledge, enables us all to better understand our cultures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/55533057\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Audio interview with Warren King George by the Burke Museum. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone is connected by food,” said Krohn, “Food is what brings us around the table, and it informs who we are and where we come from. So through food we have the opportunity to live out our cultural traditions, to pass those traditions down to other generations, and to taste the flavors of our place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it’s unlikely that there will be albatross, herons, or any other bird but turkey gracing our Thanksgiving tables this year, perhaps some of us will pause (between bites) to consider the role food plays within our family culture and what we choose to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>_________________________________________________________________________________\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Madelyn’s Famous Cranberry-Rose Hip Sauce\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cem> (Recipe from Elizabeth Campbell)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63948\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 435px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-63948 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Cranberries.jpg\" alt=\"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA\" width=\"435\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Cranberries.jpg 1279w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Cranberries-400x344.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Cranberries-800x689.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Cranberries-1180x1016.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Cranberries-960x826.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cranberries are a traditional and nutritious Thanksgiving food. Image courtesy of Elizabeth Campbell.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cem>This tart yet sweet sauce is bursting with flavor and antioxidants. The naturally occurring pectin in rose hips and apples seems to magically thicken the bright red sauce. Seven-year-old Madelyn Stratton made this for her family’s Christmas dinner, and it was a big hit! Leftovers make a delicious snack when served with Brie cheese and crackers.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>12 oz. bag fresh cranberries\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1 cup raspberry apple cider\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>½ cup orange juice or 1 teaspoon orange zest\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>½ cup de-seeded, dried rose hips (ground in a coffee grinder)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4-8 tablespoons agave nectar, honey, or other sweetener\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat the cranberries, cider, and orange juice to a boil in a saucepan until the cranberries pop open. Stir in rose hips and sweetener. Remove from heat and let the sauce thicken as it cools. Add more cider to thin consistency if necessary.\u003cbr>\nCook time: 15 minutes\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A project that revives traditional food knowledge for Pacific Northwest tribes could leave you thinking about your food choices this Thanksgiving. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1394136322,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":982},"headData":{"title":"What’s for Thanksgiving Dinner, Turkey or Cormorant? | KQED","description":"A project that revives traditional food knowledge for Pacific Northwest tribes could leave you thinking about your food choices this Thanksgiving. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What’s for Thanksgiving Dinner, Turkey or Cormorant?","datePublished":"2013-11-28T15:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2014-03-06T20:05:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"59948 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=59948","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/11/28/whats-for-thanksgiving-dinner-turkey-or-cormorant/","disqusTitle":"What’s for Thanksgiving Dinner, Turkey or Cormorant?","path":"/quest/59948/whats-for-thanksgiving-dinner-turkey-or-cormorant","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63950\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Classic-turkey-e1384984333964.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-63950 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Classic-turkey-e1384984333964.jpg\" alt=\"Classic turkey\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Classic-turkey-e1384984333964.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Classic-turkey-e1384984333964-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/sackton/8218985089/in/photostream/\">Tim Sackton\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The average American eats the same 12 to 20 different foods every week. But imagine a world in which you ate hundreds of different foods throughout the year, and all of it was locally grown. In such a world you would have more than 50 birds to choose from for your Thanksgiving feast, not just turkey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Coast Salish tribes of the Pacific Northwest, this world of vast food variety was a reality. Dr. Robert Kopperl, affiliate curator and archaeologist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.burkemuseum.org\">Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture\u003c/a> in Seattle helped gather data on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bTru5CmSa0\">10,000 years of Coast Salish diets and foods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63955\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 319px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63955 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Thanksgiving-feast.jpg\" alt=\"A typical Thanksgiving feast. Image courtesy of ccho. \" width=\"319\" height=\"477\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A typical Thanksgiving feast. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ccho/6397578893/\">ccho\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I worked on the ‘archaeology’ of the archaeology,” said Kopperl. “Without looking at any more sites or doing any more archaeological excavations, we were trying to figure out the past traditional diets. We came up with a pre-Euro-American context of all the different species of animals, plants, and shellfish [in the area]. That gave us an idea of the ‘grocery list’ of foods eaten by Native American groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, these archaeological findings were kept in highly technical and difficult to find reports. Now, combined with elder accounts and memories, this information has been summarized in a list of more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.burkemuseum.org/pub/Traditional_Coast_Salish_Foods.pdf\">300 different foods\u003c/a> that Coast Salish ancestors traditionally ate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited to bring information that tends to be esoteric and make it useful and relevant to people’s lives,” said Kopperl. “There is a very rich oral tradition of Native American hunting, fishing, and gathering. The archaeology and archaeology sites are complementary to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By combing through oral traditions and artifacts, archaeologists and elders will build a road map for reviving traditional and diverse foods. \u003ca title=\"Wild Foods and Medicines\" href=\"http://wildfoodsandmedicines.com/\">Elise Krohn\u003c/a>, a traditional food specialist with the \u003ca href=\"http://nwicplantsandfoods.com\">Northwest Indian College\u003c/a>, believes this information will help improve the health of tribal communities like the Coast Salish, who populate many areas of the Pacific Northwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/58132119&visual=true&undefined'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/58132119'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Audio interview with Elise Krohn by the Burke Museum.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at what people ate five or six generations ago on an annual basis, there were hundreds of types of foods,” said Krohn. “In this very short period we’ve gone from this incredibly complex diet, eating with the seasons and eating many types of foods, to eating just a few foods. That has had a huge impact on our bodies. Eating a wide variety of food probably ensures we are getting all those complex nutrients that we need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63953\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 387px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63953 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Assortment-of-food.jpg\" alt=\"Assortment of food\" width=\"387\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Assortment-of-food.jpg 1279w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Assortment-of-food-400x283.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Assortment-of-food-800x566.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Assortment-of-food-1180x835.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Assortment-of-food-960x679.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 387px) 100vw, 387px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This assortment of foods can be found on the Coast Salish People’s food list. Image courtesy of Elise Krohn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Diabetes and obesity are on the rise in the United States, \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/plape/tradfoods/tradfoodfaq.htm\">particularly in Native American\u003c/a> groups. The convenience of processed and fast foods has beaten out healthy and whole food options. Traditional foods, however, can offer a list of tastier and more nutritious options. Elders hope this will resonate with younger Coast Salish generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Food is our culture,” said Warren King George of the Muckleshoot/Upper Skagit Indian tribes and co-curator of the Burke Museum's\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.burkemuseum.org/salish_bounty\">\u003cstrong>Salish Bounty\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> exhibit \u003ca href=\"http://www.burkemuseum.org/booknow/salish_bounty_itin\">now traveling in Washington State\u003c/a>. “Food is going to bring us back together again to revisit one another, to reestablish our acquaintances, to strengthen our friendships, and to allow us to grow much more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By combining archaeological research with tribal knowledge, Coast Salish tribes now have access to a long list of healthy, diverse, and local food choices. But it’s not just the Coast Salish who stand to benefit from this kind of knowledge -- and it’s not just about reviving interest in traditional foods. A better understanding of ancestral eating habits, whether by archaeological research, family recipes, or passed-down knowledge, enables us all to better understand our cultures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/55533057&visual=true&undefined'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/55533057'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Audio interview with Warren King George by the Burke Museum. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone is connected by food,” said Krohn, “Food is what brings us around the table, and it informs who we are and where we come from. So through food we have the opportunity to live out our cultural traditions, to pass those traditions down to other generations, and to taste the flavors of our place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it’s unlikely that there will be albatross, herons, or any other bird but turkey gracing our Thanksgiving tables this year, perhaps some of us will pause (between bites) to consider the role food plays within our family culture and what we choose to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>_________________________________________________________________________________\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Madelyn’s Famous Cranberry-Rose Hip Sauce\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cem> (Recipe from Elizabeth Campbell)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63948\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 435px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-63948 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Cranberries.jpg\" alt=\"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA\" width=\"435\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Cranberries.jpg 1279w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Cranberries-400x344.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Cranberries-800x689.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Cranberries-1180x1016.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Cranberries-960x826.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cranberries are a traditional and nutritious Thanksgiving food. Image courtesy of Elizabeth Campbell.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cem>This tart yet sweet sauce is bursting with flavor and antioxidants. The naturally occurring pectin in rose hips and apples seems to magically thicken the bright red sauce. Seven-year-old Madelyn Stratton made this for her family’s Christmas dinner, and it was a big hit! Leftovers make a delicious snack when served with Brie cheese and crackers.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>12 oz. bag fresh cranberries\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1 cup raspberry apple cider\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>½ cup orange juice or 1 teaspoon orange zest\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>½ cup de-seeded, dried rose hips (ground in a coffee grinder)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4-8 tablespoons agave nectar, honey, or other sweetener\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat the cranberries, cider, and orange juice to a boil in a saucepan until the cranberries pop open. Stir in rose hips and sweetener. Remove from heat and let the sauce thicken as it cools. Add more cider to thin consistency if necessary.\u003cbr>\nCook time: 15 minutes\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/59948/whats-for-thanksgiving-dinner-turkey-or-cormorant","authors":["10471","10425"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3229","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_10666","quest_326","quest_12007","quest_13317","quest_12441","quest_844","quest_12442","quest_12269","quest_2349","quest_3288","quest_12146","quest_12440","quest_12438","quest_13364","quest_13365","quest_2912","quest_12439"],"featImg":"quest_63950","label":"quest"},"quest_60390":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_60390","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"60390","score":null,"sort":[1383228039000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"check-ups-for-old-trees","title":"Check-ups for Old Trees","publishDate":1383228039,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62420\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62420\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Tree-Check-Up-Feature-Image-e1381777047994.jpg\" alt=\"Tree Check Up Feature Image\" width=\"640\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Tree-Check-Up-Feature-Image-e1381777047994.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Tree-Check-Up-Feature-Image-e1381777047994-400x231.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tomography creates a computer image of the inside of a tree that can help determine tree health. Photo courtesy of Wickes Arborists and Fakopp Enterprise.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Are trees getting MRI scans? Not quite, but arborists and biologists are now determining tree health by using a new technology --\u003cstrong> tomography\u003c/strong> -- to “scan” the insides of trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, a comprehensive review of a tree’s health involved drilling holes into the tree’s core and examining the samples for decay; a process called \u003cstrong>resistographing\u003c/strong>. But drilling through the trunk is slow, damages the tree, and the results are not always accurate. .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomography, on the other hand, involves sending sound vibrations through the tree without cutting into the wood; a process that is quick, non-invasive, and accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62113\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 309px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-62113 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Test-tomography.jpg\" alt=\"Test tomography\" width=\"309\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Test-tomography.jpg 644w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Test-tomography-400x621.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 309px) 100vw, 309px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Small pins and microphones surround the tree in order to send and detect sound waves traveling through the tree. This data is sent to a computer for analysis. Photo courtesy of Wickes Arborists and Fakopp Enterprise.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s like x-ray vision in a forest,” says Nicholas Whittaker Dankers, an arborist at \u003ca href=\"http://www.treesolutions.net/\">Tree Solutions\u003c/a> in Seattle, who has been using tomography for the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how the technology works: Dankers drives pins and microphones into the bark. Hitting a pin sends sound waves through the tree that are received by microphones on the other side. Sound travels slower through hollow wood, which is a sign of degraded tree health. By analyzing the time it takes the sound vibrations to travel through the tree, Dankers can determine the tree’s level of hollowness, or decomposition. Based on this data, a computer is then used to create a digital, color-coded image of the inside of the tree. Multiple scans up a trunk can create a 3-D model of a column of decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally, [after a tomography scan] we recommend to promote root development and - when needed - thin trees by focusing primarily on the outermost branches,\" says Dankers. Advocating a scientifically-informed approach to tree care allows for appropriate actions from the root tips to the leaf ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scans like these are becoming more common as more residents understand the importance and value of large, mature trees in their neighborhoods. Besides offering \u003ca href=\"http://nfs.unl.edu/CommunityForestry/urbanforestryintro.asp\">psychological benefits\u003c/a> to people and ecological functions such as purifying the air and preventing soil erosion, these trees also add value to property. A majestic oak or maple tree on your lawn can increase the real estate value by thousands of dollars. As Dankers notes, an old tree can be the equivalent in price of the cost of a new car. Unless old trees are properly maintained and examined, they could become sick, rot, and fall onto surrounding property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technologies like tomography help urban and suburban trees stay healthy as they grow in an ecosystem that is much more disturbed than the one in which their ancestors once grew. Preserving the health of large trees, wherever they stand, is an investment in the future - especially in cities, where trees can live for hundreds of years. With help, they can survive beyond the lives of their caretakers and the buildings surrounding them and be enjoyed by generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new technology helps determine the health of urban old growth trees.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443823146,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":537},"headData":{"title":"Check-ups for Old Trees | KQED","description":"A new technology helps determine the health of urban old growth trees.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Check-ups for Old Trees","datePublished":"2013-10-31T14:00:39.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T21:59:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"60390 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=60390","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/31/check-ups-for-old-trees/","disqusTitle":"Check-ups for Old Trees","path":"/quest/60390/check-ups-for-old-trees","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62420\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62420\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Tree-Check-Up-Feature-Image-e1381777047994.jpg\" alt=\"Tree Check Up Feature Image\" width=\"640\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Tree-Check-Up-Feature-Image-e1381777047994.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Tree-Check-Up-Feature-Image-e1381777047994-400x231.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tomography creates a computer image of the inside of a tree that can help determine tree health. Photo courtesy of Wickes Arborists and Fakopp Enterprise.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Are trees getting MRI scans? Not quite, but arborists and biologists are now determining tree health by using a new technology --\u003cstrong> tomography\u003c/strong> -- to “scan” the insides of trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, a comprehensive review of a tree’s health involved drilling holes into the tree’s core and examining the samples for decay; a process called \u003cstrong>resistographing\u003c/strong>. But drilling through the trunk is slow, damages the tree, and the results are not always accurate. .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomography, on the other hand, involves sending sound vibrations through the tree without cutting into the wood; a process that is quick, non-invasive, and accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62113\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 309px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-62113 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Test-tomography.jpg\" alt=\"Test tomography\" width=\"309\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Test-tomography.jpg 644w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Test-tomography-400x621.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 309px) 100vw, 309px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Small pins and microphones surround the tree in order to send and detect sound waves traveling through the tree. This data is sent to a computer for analysis. Photo courtesy of Wickes Arborists and Fakopp Enterprise.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s like x-ray vision in a forest,” says Nicholas Whittaker Dankers, an arborist at \u003ca href=\"http://www.treesolutions.net/\">Tree Solutions\u003c/a> in Seattle, who has been using tomography for the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how the technology works: Dankers drives pins and microphones into the bark. Hitting a pin sends sound waves through the tree that are received by microphones on the other side. Sound travels slower through hollow wood, which is a sign of degraded tree health. By analyzing the time it takes the sound vibrations to travel through the tree, Dankers can determine the tree’s level of hollowness, or decomposition. Based on this data, a computer is then used to create a digital, color-coded image of the inside of the tree. Multiple scans up a trunk can create a 3-D model of a column of decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally, [after a tomography scan] we recommend to promote root development and - when needed - thin trees by focusing primarily on the outermost branches,\" says Dankers. Advocating a scientifically-informed approach to tree care allows for appropriate actions from the root tips to the leaf ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scans like these are becoming more common as more residents understand the importance and value of large, mature trees in their neighborhoods. Besides offering \u003ca href=\"http://nfs.unl.edu/CommunityForestry/urbanforestryintro.asp\">psychological benefits\u003c/a> to people and ecological functions such as purifying the air and preventing soil erosion, these trees also add value to property. A majestic oak or maple tree on your lawn can increase the real estate value by thousands of dollars. As Dankers notes, an old tree can be the equivalent in price of the cost of a new car. Unless old trees are properly maintained and examined, they could become sick, rot, and fall onto surrounding property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technologies like tomography help urban and suburban trees stay healthy as they grow in an ecosystem that is much more disturbed than the one in which their ancestors once grew. Preserving the health of large trees, wherever they stand, is an investment in the future - especially in cities, where trees can live for hundreds of years. With help, they can survive beyond the lives of their caretakers and the buildings surrounding them and be enjoyed by generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/60390/check-ups-for-old-trees","authors":["10471"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_326","quest_12269","quest_12146","quest_3736","quest_12135","quest_2884","quest_2955","quest_12503","quest_12321","quest_12320","quest_12504","quest_10210"],"featImg":"quest_62420","label":"quest"},"quest_61358":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_61358","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"61358","score":null,"sort":[1382536859000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-river-returns","title":"A River Returns","publishDate":1382536859,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71013 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Quest_EMMYwin.jpg\" alt=\"Quest_EMMYwin\" width=\"173\" height=\"120\">Sunlight streaks through the leafy canopy, painting the Elwha River and surrounding forest in dappled light. Two men in chest waders splash through the swift-moving current, kicking up mushroom clouds of silt. Their eyes scan the shallows as they make their way downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John McMillan, a fish biologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Jeff Duda, a research ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, are here looking for steelhead and salmon nests, or redds, where fish have laid eggs. The signs are subtle but unmistakable to their trained eyes — a depression in the river bottom and disturbed gravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMillan and Duda are just two of the many scientists from federal and state agencies and the local Native American tribe, who are studying the dramatic changes taking place on this river. Two massive hydroelectric dams are in the process of being removed. And these scientists are trying to understand how the largest dam removal project in the nation’s history is impacting fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see how fast these fish recolonize after the dams have been removed,” McMillan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Elwha River in western Washington State was once home to one of the biggest salmon runs in the continental United States. But in the early 1900s two dams were built on this pristine river, which today lies mostly within the protected confines of Olympic National Park. The dams provided power to the nearby town of Port Angeles and helped the frontier community grow and thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62677\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-62677 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_dam2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The two dams on the Elwha River were built without fish ladders and prevented salmon from swimming upstream.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the dams were built without fish ladders and had devastating consequences for fish; salmon returning from the ocean to spawn were cut off from their natal waters. Only the lower five miles of the 45-mile river were accessible to them. Over time the dams starved those five miles of the sediment salmon need for building their nests. The diminished and degraded habitat decimated fish populations in a river once known for producing 100-pound salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Elwha Klallam tribe, which has relied on the river for sustenance and its spiritual traditions for thousands of years, has been fighting for nearly 100 years to have the dams removed. In the early 1990s, Congress finally authorized dam removal as a way to help restore the river and its salmon runs. But it would take another two decades to secure funding for the $300 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam removal began in 2011 and will connect the headwaters of the Elwha with the mouth of the river. The project is expected to be completed by 2014. One of the major challenges in removing the dams was figuring out how to deal with all the sediment stored behind the dams – enough sediment to fill 11 NFL football stadiums. To deal with the sediment, construction crews are taking the dams down gradually, piece by piece, rather than dynamiting them. Even so, the river is swollen with sediment. And the physical shape of the river is changing as the river deposits sediment along its banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62681\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-62681 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_Boat_and_net2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Beirne, a scientist with the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, nets juvenile fish to study how the dam removal is impacting them.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This place is changing every day,” Duda said. “Every time I come out there’s something new, something different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In five to 10 years, the sediment is expected to make its way downstream and the river will run clear once again. But for now, salmon returning to the river face some harsh conditions. Sediment can clog their gills and make it difficult to find food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost like you’re tearing off a Band-Aid,” Duda said. “You have to go through a little bit of pain in order to get to that final state of healing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, McMillan and Duda walked the main channel of the Elwha River between the lower dam and the upper dam. The swift-flowing river, suffused with fine sediment from dam removal, ran a milky gray. McMillan fixed a keen eye on the clearer water near shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They dug here! These are digs!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you think this [is a nest] right here?” Duda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a redd clearly,” McMillan replied. “It’s the first redd we’ve found by a steelhead in the mainstem Elwha River.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a long way to go, but McMillan and Duda are hopeful that salmon and steelhead will thrive here once again.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In Washington state, a river once known for its abundant salmon run is getting a second chance. The Elwha River dams, which decimated salmon populations and profoundly altered the ecosystem, are coming down and hopes are high that salmon will return. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457565342,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":777},"headData":{"title":"A River Returns | KQED","description":"In Washington state, a river once known for its abundant salmon run is getting a second chance. The Elwha River dams, which decimated salmon populations and profoundly altered the ecosystem, are coming down and hopes are high that salmon will return. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A River Returns","datePublished":"2013-10-23T14:00:59.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T23:15:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"61358 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=61358","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/23/a-river-returns/","disqusTitle":"A River Returns","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TfjRG9RxL8","path":"/quest/61358/a-river-returns","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71013 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Quest_EMMYwin.jpg\" alt=\"Quest_EMMYwin\" width=\"173\" height=\"120\">Sunlight streaks through the leafy canopy, painting the Elwha River and surrounding forest in dappled light. Two men in chest waders splash through the swift-moving current, kicking up mushroom clouds of silt. Their eyes scan the shallows as they make their way downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John McMillan, a fish biologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Jeff Duda, a research ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, are here looking for steelhead and salmon nests, or redds, where fish have laid eggs. The signs are subtle but unmistakable to their trained eyes — a depression in the river bottom and disturbed gravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMillan and Duda are just two of the many scientists from federal and state agencies and the local Native American tribe, who are studying the dramatic changes taking place on this river. Two massive hydroelectric dams are in the process of being removed. And these scientists are trying to understand how the largest dam removal project in the nation’s history is impacting fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see how fast these fish recolonize after the dams have been removed,” McMillan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Elwha River in western Washington State was once home to one of the biggest salmon runs in the continental United States. But in the early 1900s two dams were built on this pristine river, which today lies mostly within the protected confines of Olympic National Park. The dams provided power to the nearby town of Port Angeles and helped the frontier community grow and thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62677\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-62677 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_dam2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The two dams on the Elwha River were built without fish ladders and prevented salmon from swimming upstream.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the dams were built without fish ladders and had devastating consequences for fish; salmon returning from the ocean to spawn were cut off from their natal waters. Only the lower five miles of the 45-mile river were accessible to them. Over time the dams starved those five miles of the sediment salmon need for building their nests. The diminished and degraded habitat decimated fish populations in a river once known for producing 100-pound salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Elwha Klallam tribe, which has relied on the river for sustenance and its spiritual traditions for thousands of years, has been fighting for nearly 100 years to have the dams removed. In the early 1990s, Congress finally authorized dam removal as a way to help restore the river and its salmon runs. But it would take another two decades to secure funding for the $300 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam removal began in 2011 and will connect the headwaters of the Elwha with the mouth of the river. The project is expected to be completed by 2014. One of the major challenges in removing the dams was figuring out how to deal with all the sediment stored behind the dams – enough sediment to fill 11 NFL football stadiums. To deal with the sediment, construction crews are taking the dams down gradually, piece by piece, rather than dynamiting them. Even so, the river is swollen with sediment. And the physical shape of the river is changing as the river deposits sediment along its banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62681\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-62681 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_Boat_and_net2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Beirne, a scientist with the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, nets juvenile fish to study how the dam removal is impacting them.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This place is changing every day,” Duda said. “Every time I come out there’s something new, something different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In five to 10 years, the sediment is expected to make its way downstream and the river will run clear once again. But for now, salmon returning to the river face some harsh conditions. Sediment can clog their gills and make it difficult to find food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost like you’re tearing off a Band-Aid,” Duda said. “You have to go through a little bit of pain in order to get to that final state of healing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, McMillan and Duda walked the main channel of the Elwha River between the lower dam and the upper dam. The swift-flowing river, suffused with fine sediment from dam removal, ran a milky gray. McMillan fixed a keen eye on the clearer water near shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They dug here! These are digs!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you think this [is a nest] right here?” Duda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a redd clearly,” McMillan replied. “It’s the first redd we’ve found by a steelhead in the mainstem Elwha River.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a long way to go, but McMillan and Duda are hopeful that salmon and steelhead will thrive here once again.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/61358/a-river-returns","authors":["10446","10425"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_326","quest_12007","quest_12125","quest_924","quest_11940","quest_11176","quest_1022","quest_12269","quest_12326","quest_12249","quest_2001","quest_12517","quest_12327","quest_12325","quest_12146","quest_3736","quest_2423","quest_2477","quest_2576","quest_12328","quest_2786","quest_2893","quest_3048","quest_3071","quest_10210"],"featImg":"quest_62677","label":"quest"},"quest_50870":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_50870","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"50870","score":null,"sort":[1374588012000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"penguin-sentinels","title":"Penguin Sentinels","publishDate":1374588012,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST Sustainability Science- Web series | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":11768,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\"Penguin Sentinels\" was produced by QUEST Northwest's Jo Ardinger.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Say “penguin” and the images that come to mind are of frost-covered penguin couples struggling to raise their chicks in sub-zero temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, these aquatic flightless birds thrive in temperate -- even equatorial -- climates as well. For these temperate penguin communities, it isn’t the extreme cold of the Antarctic but the extreme sun and El Niño events that most affect their ability to survive and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://mesh.biology.washington.edu/penguinProject/Boersma\">Biologist Dee Boersma \u003c/a>has spent much of her career working with temperate penguins. This video features Boersma’s work with Galapagos penguins, which inhabit the legendary islands of the same name that lie some 600 miles off the Ecuadorian coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galapagos penguins represent only one of the four temperate penguin species that Boersma studies. Her research also takes her to Argentina where she studies Magellanic penguins, South Africa to study African penguins, and Peru to study Humboldts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57903\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/KCTS_Penguins_BabyPenguin.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57903\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/KCTS_Penguins_BabyPenguin-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dee holds a 3 day old Galapagos penguin chick.\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dee holds a 3 day old Galapagos penguin chick.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Native to the west coast of South America, this species is named for the cold Humboldt Current that ensures the \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/upwelling.html\">upwelling\u003c/a>of nutrients from the ocean floor along the Peruvian and Chilean coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A professor at the University of Washington, Boersma also brings her college students to \u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/page.aspx?pid=1722\">Woodland Park Zoo\u003c/a>, in Seattle, where they can observe \u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/page.aspx?pid=1855#.UebWxFO9zxs\">Humboldt penguins\u003c/a> in person. The Humboldts that reside at this zoo are able to stay cool and healthy with help from \u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/document.doc?id=151\">an innovative “green” habitat featuring a geothermal heating and cooling system\u003c/a>. Water is continually recycled and cleaned through a “constructed wetland” modeled on a natural ecosystem. Plant roots and microbes absorb the nutrients in penguin wastewater and return it, purified, to the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 542px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/14/penguin-sentinels/wpz-flow-diagram-rvsd-apr-10-11-300/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-58003\">\u003cimg class=\" \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/WPZ-flow-diagram-rvsd-Apr-10-11-300.jpg\" alt=\"WPZ flow diagram-rvsd Apr 10-11-300\" width=\"542\" height=\"376\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Woodland Park Zoo's \"green\" penguin exhibit saves approximately 3,000,000 gallons of water and 22,000 kilowatt hours of energy per year. That's 24 million pints of drinking water and heat for five, new two-bedroom townhouses per year.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The green habitat is meant to spark visitors’ curiosity about techniques for using natural processes to live more lightly on the earth -- techniques that can benefit animal and human communities alike. This simulated ecosystem also demonstrates how the health of any species is directly tied to the health of its habitat. Like the zoo’s captive penguin community, the world’s wild penguins can only thrive if the marine ecosystems they inhabit remain healthy and intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Boersma, “Penguins are ocean sentinels, telling us how climate variation, petroleum pollution, fishing, and habitat modifications are impacting penguins as well as humans. Penguins can be our ambassadors so that humans make better choices that improve the quality of life for penguins and people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/KCTS_Penguins_AdultPenguin.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-57902\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/KCTS_Penguins_AdultPenguin.jpg\" alt=\"Adult Galapagos Penguin\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/KCTS_Penguins_AdultPenguin.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/KCTS_Penguins_AdultPenguin-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Links:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/seafoodwatch.aspx\">Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood WATCH\u003c/a> suggestions for eco-certified, “penguin friendly” seafood choices\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In this short video, we travel with conservation biologist Dee Boersma to the Galapagos Islands where she works to support a population of temperate penguins that are being impacted by climate change.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457563206,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":483},"headData":{"title":"Penguin Sentinels | KQED","description":"In this short video, we travel with conservation biologist Dee Boersma to the Galapagos Islands where she works to support a population of temperate penguins that are being impacted by climate change.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Penguin Sentinels","datePublished":"2013-07-23T14:00:12.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T22:40:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"50870 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=50870","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/23/penguin-sentinels/","disqusTitle":"Penguin Sentinels","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkldqNX8mx4","path":"/quest/50870/penguin-sentinels","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\"Penguin Sentinels\" was produced by QUEST Northwest's Jo Ardinger.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Say “penguin” and the images that come to mind are of frost-covered penguin couples struggling to raise their chicks in sub-zero temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, these aquatic flightless birds thrive in temperate -- even equatorial -- climates as well. For these temperate penguin communities, it isn’t the extreme cold of the Antarctic but the extreme sun and El Niño events that most affect their ability to survive and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://mesh.biology.washington.edu/penguinProject/Boersma\">Biologist Dee Boersma \u003c/a>has spent much of her career working with temperate penguins. This video features Boersma’s work with Galapagos penguins, which inhabit the legendary islands of the same name that lie some 600 miles off the Ecuadorian coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galapagos penguins represent only one of the four temperate penguin species that Boersma studies. Her research also takes her to Argentina where she studies Magellanic penguins, South Africa to study African penguins, and Peru to study Humboldts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57903\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/KCTS_Penguins_BabyPenguin.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57903\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/KCTS_Penguins_BabyPenguin-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dee holds a 3 day old Galapagos penguin chick.\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dee holds a 3 day old Galapagos penguin chick.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Native to the west coast of South America, this species is named for the cold Humboldt Current that ensures the \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/upwelling.html\">upwelling\u003c/a>of nutrients from the ocean floor along the Peruvian and Chilean coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A professor at the University of Washington, Boersma also brings her college students to \u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/page.aspx?pid=1722\">Woodland Park Zoo\u003c/a>, in Seattle, where they can observe \u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/page.aspx?pid=1855#.UebWxFO9zxs\">Humboldt penguins\u003c/a> in person. The Humboldts that reside at this zoo are able to stay cool and healthy with help from \u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/document.doc?id=151\">an innovative “green” habitat featuring a geothermal heating and cooling system\u003c/a>. Water is continually recycled and cleaned through a “constructed wetland” modeled on a natural ecosystem. Plant roots and microbes absorb the nutrients in penguin wastewater and return it, purified, to the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 542px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/14/penguin-sentinels/wpz-flow-diagram-rvsd-apr-10-11-300/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-58003\">\u003cimg class=\" \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/WPZ-flow-diagram-rvsd-Apr-10-11-300.jpg\" alt=\"WPZ flow diagram-rvsd Apr 10-11-300\" width=\"542\" height=\"376\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Woodland Park Zoo's \"green\" penguin exhibit saves approximately 3,000,000 gallons of water and 22,000 kilowatt hours of energy per year. That's 24 million pints of drinking water and heat for five, new two-bedroom townhouses per year.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The green habitat is meant to spark visitors’ curiosity about techniques for using natural processes to live more lightly on the earth -- techniques that can benefit animal and human communities alike. This simulated ecosystem also demonstrates how the health of any species is directly tied to the health of its habitat. Like the zoo’s captive penguin community, the world’s wild penguins can only thrive if the marine ecosystems they inhabit remain healthy and intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Boersma, “Penguins are ocean sentinels, telling us how climate variation, petroleum pollution, fishing, and habitat modifications are impacting penguins as well as humans. Penguins can be our ambassadors so that humans make better choices that improve the quality of life for penguins and people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/KCTS_Penguins_AdultPenguin.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-57902\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/KCTS_Penguins_AdultPenguin.jpg\" alt=\"Adult Galapagos Penguin\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/KCTS_Penguins_AdultPenguin.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/KCTS_Penguins_AdultPenguin-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Links:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/seafoodwatch.aspx\">Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood WATCH\u003c/a> suggestions for eco-certified, “penguin friendly” seafood choices\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/50870/penguin-sentinels","authors":["10425"],"series":["quest_11768"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_326","quest_621","quest_12159","quest_11832","quest_12269","quest_12160","quest_10013","quest_12518","quest_2149","quest_2349","quest_12146","quest_2543","quest_11834","quest_3071","quest_12161"],"featImg":"quest_57906","label":"quest_11768"},"quest_9101":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_9101","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"9101","score":null,"sort":[1286212551000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"should-animals-adapt-or-should-we-change-our-behavior","title":"Should Animals Adapt, or Should We Change Our Behavior?","publishDate":1286212551,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/walrus-flying2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A walrus takes flight to deal with global warming. Image: Monterey Bay Aquarium.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://montereybayaquarium.org/\">The Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a> has a fun new video about climate change, called \u003ca href=\"http://montereybayaquarium.org/climate/\">Change for the Ocean\u003c/a>, to go with their exhibit \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/efc/flamingos.aspx\">Hot Pink Flamingos\u003c/a>. Narrated by John Cleese and produced by \u003ca href=\"http://www.freerange.com/\">Free Range Studios\u003c/a>, the animated video is cute, funny, and pretty effective at conveying the fact that people can change their ways much faster than sea life can adapt to climate change.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"640\" height=\"385\">\u003cparam name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/hnh5PVMj8BU?fs=1&hl=en_US\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cembed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/hnh5PVMj8BU?fs=1&hl=en_US\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" width=\"640\" height=\"385\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though their point is that human behavior can change quickly while animal evolution happens more slowly, the video shows some pretty fast animal evolution. Flamingos grow longer legs in a matter of seconds, and walruses instantly and miraculously modify their flippers into wings. If you weren’t listening to John Cleese as he says “Sadly, animals evolve far too slowly,” you might just get the wrong idea about \u003ca href=\"http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_01\">how evolution works\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evolution is generally a slow process. But, as humans can ride bikes to work instead of driving in cars, animals can make behavioral changes in response to climate change, too. Some animals spend more time in the shade, or move to cooler habitats. Others do more than just relocate themselves. In response to the heat, the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Oryx\">Arabian oryx\u003c/a>, a species of antelope, becomes less active during the day, when it’s hot, and more active at night, when it’s cooler. Other animals, through changes in their behavior, can actually change their physiological response to high temperatures The intertidal sea star \u003cem>Pisaster ochraceus\u003c/em> takes up cold water into a cavity in the middle of the body—and this mass of cold water keeps its body cool during low tide. Scientists at the Bodega Marine Lab found that sea stars take up extra water when conditions are hot, and can thus maintain their body temperature. These kinds of changes are not evolution in action—rather, these animals are modifying their behavior to deal with the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the animals, we humans can change our behavior to deal with a warming world. But we have a second option, which the animals don’t have: we can change our behavior—in big ways—to prevent the world from getting quite so warm in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"zemanta-pixie\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;height: 15px\">\u003ca class=\"zemanta-pixie-a\" title=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\" href=\"http://www.zemanta.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" style=\"border: medium none;float: right\" src=\"http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=96e08a6a-6d6a-4a7d-b708-280769f5eb98\" alt=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.617894 -121.901994\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Monterey Bay Aquarium has a fun new video about climate change, called Change for the Ocean, to go with their exhibit Hot Pink Flamingos. Narrated by John Cleese and produced by Free Range Studios, the animated video is cute, funny, and pretty effective at conveying the fact that people can change their ways much faster than sea life can adapt to climate change.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443833750,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":387},"headData":{"title":"Should Animals Adapt, or Should We Change Our Behavior? | KQED","description":"The Monterey Bay Aquarium has a fun new video about climate change, called Change for the Ocean, to go with their exhibit Hot Pink Flamingos. Narrated by John Cleese and produced by Free Range Studios, the animated video is cute, funny, and pretty effective at conveying the fact that people can change their ways much faster than sea life can adapt to climate change.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Should Animals Adapt, or Should We Change Our Behavior?","datePublished":"2010-10-04T17:15:51.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-03T00:55:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"9101 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=9101","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/04/should-animals-adapt-or-should-we-change-our-behavior/","disqusTitle":"Should Animals Adapt, or Should We Change Our Behavior?","path":"/quest/9101/should-animals-adapt-or-should-we-change-our-behavior","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/walrus-flying2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A walrus takes flight to deal with global warming. Image: Monterey Bay Aquarium.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://montereybayaquarium.org/\">The Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a> has a fun new video about climate change, called \u003ca href=\"http://montereybayaquarium.org/climate/\">Change for the Ocean\u003c/a>, to go with their exhibit \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/efc/flamingos.aspx\">Hot Pink Flamingos\u003c/a>. Narrated by John Cleese and produced by \u003ca href=\"http://www.freerange.com/\">Free Range Studios\u003c/a>, the animated video is cute, funny, and pretty effective at conveying the fact that people can change their ways much faster than sea life can adapt to climate change.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"640\" height=\"385\">\u003cparam name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/hnh5PVMj8BU?fs=1&hl=en_US\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cembed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/hnh5PVMj8BU?fs=1&hl=en_US\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" width=\"640\" height=\"385\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though their point is that human behavior can change quickly while animal evolution happens more slowly, the video shows some pretty fast animal evolution. Flamingos grow longer legs in a matter of seconds, and walruses instantly and miraculously modify their flippers into wings. If you weren’t listening to John Cleese as he says “Sadly, animals evolve far too slowly,” you might just get the wrong idea about \u003ca href=\"http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_01\">how evolution works\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evolution is generally a slow process. But, as humans can ride bikes to work instead of driving in cars, animals can make behavioral changes in response to climate change, too. Some animals spend more time in the shade, or move to cooler habitats. Others do more than just relocate themselves. In response to the heat, the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Oryx\">Arabian oryx\u003c/a>, a species of antelope, becomes less active during the day, when it’s hot, and more active at night, when it’s cooler. Other animals, through changes in their behavior, can actually change their physiological response to high temperatures The intertidal sea star \u003cem>Pisaster ochraceus\u003c/em> takes up cold water into a cavity in the middle of the body—and this mass of cold water keeps its body cool during low tide. Scientists at the Bodega Marine Lab found that sea stars take up extra water when conditions are hot, and can thus maintain their body temperature. These kinds of changes are not evolution in action—rather, these animals are modifying their behavior to deal with the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the animals, we humans can change our behavior to deal with a warming world. But we have a second option, which the animals don’t have: we can change our behavior—in big ways—to prevent the world from getting quite so warm in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"zemanta-pixie\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;height: 15px\">\u003ca class=\"zemanta-pixie-a\" title=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\" href=\"http://www.zemanta.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" style=\"border: medium none;float: right\" src=\"http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=96e08a6a-6d6a-4a7d-b708-280769f5eb98\" alt=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.617894 -121.901994\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/9101/should-animals-adapt-or-should-we-change-our-behavior","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_1"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_304","quest_621","quest_1032","quest_1866"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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