Rebel Girls from Bay Area HistoryRebel Girls from Bay Area History
The Bay Area Child Actress Who Donated Millions to Veterans and Animals
A Century Before Rosa Parks, She Fought Segregated Transit in SF
The Tenderloin Brothel Madam Who Became Mayor of Sausalito
The Retired Grandma Who Transformed HIV Care in Her Community
The Oakland Poet Who Brought Lesbian Feminism to the Fore
‘Big Alma’: The Philanthropist Firecracker Who Gave Us the Legion of Honor
The Reparations Champion Who Became “Godmother of Japantown”
The Chicana Civil Rights Activist Who Helped Transform San Jose Housing
The Oakland Tribune Journalist Who Highlighted Black Excellence
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Born and raised in Wales, she started her career in London, as a music journalist for uproarious rock ’n’ roll magazine, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kerrang.com/features/an-oral-history-of-alternative-tentacles-40-years-of-keeping-punk-alive/\">Kerrang!\u003c/a>\u003c/em>. In America, she got her start at alt-weeklies including \u003ca href=\"https://archives.sfweekly.com/sanfrancisco/ArticleArchives?author=2127078&excludeCategoryType=Blog\">\u003cem>SF Weekly\u003c/em>\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.villagevoice.com/author/raealexandra/\">\u003cem>Village Voice\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, and freelanced for a great many other publications. Her undying love for San Francisco has, more recently, turned her into \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/tag/bayareahistory/\">a history nerd\u003c/a>. In 2023, Rae was awarded an SPJ Excellence in Journalism Award for Arts & Culture.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5ef3d663d9adae1345d06932a3951de?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"raemondjjjj","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"pop","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Rae Alexandra | KQED","description":"Staff Writer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5ef3d663d9adae1345d06932a3951de?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5ef3d663d9adae1345d06932a3951de?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ralexandra"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"arts","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"pop_110017":{"type":"posts","id":"pop_110017","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"pop","id":"110017","score":null,"sort":[1553518804000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-lotta-crabtree-the-san-francisco-favorite","title":"The Bay Area Child Actress Who Donated Millions to Veterans and Animals","publishDate":1553518804,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Rebel Girls from Bay Area History | KQED Pop | KQED Arts","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In 1906, when San Francisco was plunged into chaos after the Big One hit, locals were left with few means to find each other. The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotta%27s_Fountain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cast iron fountain\u003c/a> on Market Street, where Geary and Kearny intersect, quickly became a major meeting point. It proved to be such an important landmark that, since 1919, there has been an annual gathering at the fountain to remember all those who were lost in the earthquake and the brave souls who rebuilt afterward. What is recalled a little less frequently is how the fountain came to land in the city in 1875—it was a gift from Lotta Crabtree, an actress once known as \"The San Francisco Favorite.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_110324\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-110324\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-800x742.jpg\" alt=\"Lotta's fountain in 1877.\" width=\"800\" height=\"742\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-800x742.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-160x148.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-768x713.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-1020x947.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-1200x1114.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-1920x1782.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lotta's fountain in 1877. \u003ccite>(From 'The Triumphs and Trials of Lotta Crabtree' by David Dempsey with Raymond P. Baldwin.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Born on November 7, 1847, Lotta was the rarest of stars, in that she found fame as a child, retained her popularity throughout her teens and by the age of 21—as noted in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Triumphs-Trials-Lotta-Crabtree/dp/B0006BVCCS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Triumph and Trials of Lotta Crabtree\u003c/a>\u003c/em>—\"The rage for Lotta had begun to approach the degree of frenzy which today is reserved for rock-and-roll singers. All over the country, men and women were skipping to [dances like the] 'Lotta Polka' and the 'Lotta Gallup'.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Lotta was five, the Crabtree family lived in Grass Valley, when it was still the heart of California gold-mining country. Fearless, precocious and encouraged by both her parents and her famous neighbor, \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lola_Montez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lola Montez\u003c/a> (who taught her professional dance moves), Lotta lifted the spirits of weary miners with her banjo playing, ballad singing, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.standingstones.com/crabtree.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">red hair, merry black eyes, irrepressible laugh, [and] dancing [as] light as gossamer.\u003c/a>\" Her appreciative audience paid her with gold nuggets that Lotta's mother, Mary Ann, collected in a leather pouch. By the time the mining camps had given way to taverns, and the taverns had given way to bonafide San Francisco stages, Mary Ann needed a steamer trunk to carry all the loot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It made sense for the Crabtrees to move to the city to enable Lotta to pursue her dreams, so when she was 8, they did just that. It was a remarkable time for any performer to be working in San Francisco. From \u003cem>The Triumphs and Trials of Lotta Crabtree\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Part of the charm of SF was its freewheeling and improvising spirit... In one sense, the theater typified the city's wild and freebooting kind of life, and, in another sense, it provided convenient, if momentary, refuge from it. In a place as primitive as San Francisco during the gold rush decade, the theater mediated between the higher and lower impulses of the more sedate citizens who were determined to enjoy themselves, yet needed a sanction for their pleasures.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>By the time she was 11, Lotta was touring California. As she entered her teens, demand for Lotta took her all over the country to act in a wide variety of plays. Lotta proved herself such a versatile and compelling actress, she was invited to perform in London and Paris. The \"San Francisco Favorite\" was now a worldwide wonder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_110327\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-110327 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-800x349.jpg\" alt=\"(L-R): Lotta as Paul in 'Pet of the Petticoats'; Mademoiselle Nitouche; herself; the Marchioness in 'Little Nell and the Marchioness.'\" width=\"800\" height=\"349\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-800x349.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-160x70.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-768x335.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-1020x445.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-1200x524.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-1920x838.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(L-R): Lotta as Paul in 'Pet of the Petticoats,' Mademoiselle Nitouche, herself, and the Marchioness in 'Little Nell and the Marchioness.' \u003ccite>('The Triumph and Trials of Lotta Crabtree,' by David Dempsey and Raymond P. Baldwin.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Remarkably, rather than wearing her down, Lotta seemed to thrive while living on the road—something that inspired her to start her own touring company in 1875. One of the things most noted about her was that she retained a joyful youthfulness no matter how old she got or how far she traveled. Even as she reached middle-age, \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Triumphs-Trials-Lotta-Crabtree/dp/B0006BVCCS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">onlookers noted\u003c/a> the \"strange childlike innocence that would always be her style\" and the \"beauty [that] radiated from her diminutive, bouncing person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid='pop_103907']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After more than three decades as a star, Lotta retired in 1891 a very wealthy woman, thanks not only to her enduring popularity and being one of the highest paid actresses in America but also the \u003ca href=\"http://www.standingstones.com/crabtree.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">smart real estate, bonds and racehorse investments\u003c/a> she had made on her travels. Despite her success and riches, Lotta was never welcomed by high society crowds due to their perception of her as eccentric; her penchant for cigar-smoking was deemed too unladylike, her ankle-showing skirts too risqué and her love for \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/15/local/me-19312\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">putting hats on horses\u003c/a> in the street was simply too weird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-110328 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/250px-Panama_pacific_poster.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/250px-Panama_pacific_poster.jpg 250w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/250px-Panama_pacific_poster-160x252.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">Lotta's \u003ca href=\"https://noehill.com/sf/landmarks/nat1975000475.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">last performance in San Francisco\u003c/a> was at the Panama Pacific Exposition in 1915, where she sang for an audience of thousands on \"Lotta Crabtree Day,\" November 6. Despite almost 25 years out of the business, she remained adored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time of her 1924 death at the age of 76, Lotta had amassed a fortune of $4 million dollars (which is \u003ca href=\"http://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/1924?amount=4000000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">almost $59 million\u003c/a> in 2019 money). Due to the fact that she'd never married (much to the nation's surprise) or had children, she spent the last years of her life planning where her sizable wealth would go once she was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a great deal of thought, Lotta's will was drawn up. Half of her fortune went to veterans—the plight of World War I soldiers particularly touched her heart— and the other half went to out-of-work actors, recently released convicts (a progressive move for any era) and $300,000 was put in a \"\u003ca href=\"https://aknextphase.com/lotta-fountain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dumb Animal Fund.\u003c/a>\" (During her retirement, Lotta had been vice president of the Massachusetts SPCA.) To this day, the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/15/local/me-19312\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lotta Agricultural Trust\u003c/a> gives grants and interest-free loans to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century after her passing, in addition to the one in downtown San Francisco, statues Lotta Crabtree donated still stand in Boston, Chicago and New Jersey—monuments to this most unusual woman who spread joy far and wide throughout her life and helped countless thousands after her death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Say hello to the cigar-smoking, banjo-playing actress who gave $4 million to veterans, animal welfare organizations and convicted felons. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1636506146,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":1008},"headData":{"title":"The Bay Area Child Actress Who Donated Millions to Veterans and Animals - KQED Pop","description":"Say hello to the cigar-smoking, banjo-playing actress who gave $4 million to veterans, animal welfare organizations and convicted felons. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Bay Area Child Actress Who Donated Millions to Veterans and Animals","datePublished":"2019-03-25T13:00:04.000Z","dateModified":"2021-11-10T01:02:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"110017 https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/?p=110017","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/2019/03/25/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-lotta-crabtree-the-san-francisco-favorite/","disqusTitle":"The Bay Area Child Actress Who Donated Millions to Veterans and Animals","source":"Rebel Girls From Bay Area History","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/rebelgirls","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/13bed7bc-7aae-4cf9-aefa-ac750126d074/audio.mp3","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/pop/110017/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-lotta-crabtree-the-san-francisco-favorite","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 1906, when San Francisco was plunged into chaos after the Big One hit, locals were left with few means to find each other. The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotta%27s_Fountain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cast iron fountain\u003c/a> on Market Street, where Geary and Kearny intersect, quickly became a major meeting point. It proved to be such an important landmark that, since 1919, there has been an annual gathering at the fountain to remember all those who were lost in the earthquake and the brave souls who rebuilt afterward. What is recalled a little less frequently is how the fountain came to land in the city in 1875—it was a gift from Lotta Crabtree, an actress once known as \"The San Francisco Favorite.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_110324\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-110324\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-800x742.jpg\" alt=\"Lotta's fountain in 1877.\" width=\"800\" height=\"742\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-800x742.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-160x148.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-768x713.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-1020x947.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-1200x1114.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814-1920x1782.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/20190311_154814.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lotta's fountain in 1877. \u003ccite>(From 'The Triumphs and Trials of Lotta Crabtree' by David Dempsey with Raymond P. Baldwin.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Born on November 7, 1847, Lotta was the rarest of stars, in that she found fame as a child, retained her popularity throughout her teens and by the age of 21—as noted in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Triumphs-Trials-Lotta-Crabtree/dp/B0006BVCCS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Triumph and Trials of Lotta Crabtree\u003c/a>\u003c/em>—\"The rage for Lotta had begun to approach the degree of frenzy which today is reserved for rock-and-roll singers. All over the country, men and women were skipping to [dances like the] 'Lotta Polka' and the 'Lotta Gallup'.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Lotta was five, the Crabtree family lived in Grass Valley, when it was still the heart of California gold-mining country. Fearless, precocious and encouraged by both her parents and her famous neighbor, \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lola_Montez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lola Montez\u003c/a> (who taught her professional dance moves), Lotta lifted the spirits of weary miners with her banjo playing, ballad singing, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.standingstones.com/crabtree.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">red hair, merry black eyes, irrepressible laugh, [and] dancing [as] light as gossamer.\u003c/a>\" Her appreciative audience paid her with gold nuggets that Lotta's mother, Mary Ann, collected in a leather pouch. By the time the mining camps had given way to taverns, and the taverns had given way to bonafide San Francisco stages, Mary Ann needed a steamer trunk to carry all the loot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It made sense for the Crabtrees to move to the city to enable Lotta to pursue her dreams, so when she was 8, they did just that. It was a remarkable time for any performer to be working in San Francisco. From \u003cem>The Triumphs and Trials of Lotta Crabtree\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Part of the charm of SF was its freewheeling and improvising spirit... In one sense, the theater typified the city's wild and freebooting kind of life, and, in another sense, it provided convenient, if momentary, refuge from it. In a place as primitive as San Francisco during the gold rush decade, the theater mediated between the higher and lower impulses of the more sedate citizens who were determined to enjoy themselves, yet needed a sanction for their pleasures.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>By the time she was 11, Lotta was touring California. As she entered her teens, demand for Lotta took her all over the country to act in a wide variety of plays. Lotta proved herself such a versatile and compelling actress, she was invited to perform in London and Paris. The \"San Francisco Favorite\" was now a worldwide wonder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_110327\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-110327 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-800x349.jpg\" alt=\"(L-R): Lotta as Paul in 'Pet of the Petticoats'; Mademoiselle Nitouche; herself; the Marchioness in 'Little Nell and the Marchioness.'\" width=\"800\" height=\"349\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-800x349.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-160x70.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-768x335.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-1020x445.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-1200x524.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380-1920x838.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/Lotta-4-e1552357733380.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(L-R): Lotta as Paul in 'Pet of the Petticoats,' Mademoiselle Nitouche, herself, and the Marchioness in 'Little Nell and the Marchioness.' \u003ccite>('The Triumph and Trials of Lotta Crabtree,' by David Dempsey and Raymond P. Baldwin.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Remarkably, rather than wearing her down, Lotta seemed to thrive while living on the road—something that inspired her to start her own touring company in 1875. One of the things most noted about her was that she retained a joyful youthfulness no matter how old she got or how far she traveled. Even as she reached middle-age, \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Triumphs-Trials-Lotta-Crabtree/dp/B0006BVCCS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">onlookers noted\u003c/a> the \"strange childlike innocence that would always be her style\" and the \"beauty [that] radiated from her diminutive, bouncing person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"pop_103907","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After more than three decades as a star, Lotta retired in 1891 a very wealthy woman, thanks not only to her enduring popularity and being one of the highest paid actresses in America but also the \u003ca href=\"http://www.standingstones.com/crabtree.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">smart real estate, bonds and racehorse investments\u003c/a> she had made on her travels. Despite her success and riches, Lotta was never welcomed by high society crowds due to their perception of her as eccentric; her penchant for cigar-smoking was deemed too unladylike, her ankle-showing skirts too risqué and her love for \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/15/local/me-19312\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">putting hats on horses\u003c/a> in the street was simply too weird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-110328 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/250px-Panama_pacific_poster.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/250px-Panama_pacific_poster.jpg 250w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/03/250px-Panama_pacific_poster-160x252.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">Lotta's \u003ca href=\"https://noehill.com/sf/landmarks/nat1975000475.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">last performance in San Francisco\u003c/a> was at the Panama Pacific Exposition in 1915, where she sang for an audience of thousands on \"Lotta Crabtree Day,\" November 6. Despite almost 25 years out of the business, she remained adored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time of her 1924 death at the age of 76, Lotta had amassed a fortune of $4 million dollars (which is \u003ca href=\"http://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/1924?amount=4000000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">almost $59 million\u003c/a> in 2019 money). Due to the fact that she'd never married (much to the nation's surprise) or had children, she spent the last years of her life planning where her sizable wealth would go once she was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a great deal of thought, Lotta's will was drawn up. Half of her fortune went to veterans—the plight of World War I soldiers particularly touched her heart— and the other half went to out-of-work actors, recently released convicts (a progressive move for any era) and $300,000 was put in a \"\u003ca href=\"https://aknextphase.com/lotta-fountain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dumb Animal Fund.\u003c/a>\" (During her retirement, Lotta had been vice president of the Massachusetts SPCA.) To this day, the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/15/local/me-19312\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lotta Agricultural Trust\u003c/a> gives grants and interest-free loans to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century after her passing, in addition to the one in downtown San Francisco, statues Lotta Crabtree donated still stand in Boston, Chicago and New Jersey—monuments to this most unusual woman who spread joy far and wide throughout her life and helped countless thousands after her death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/pop/110017/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-lotta-crabtree-the-san-francisco-favorite","authors":["11242"],"programs":["pop_3828"],"categories":["pop_2937","pop_46"],"tags":["pop_3426","pop_2789","pop_3341","pop_3493","pop_3822"],"featImg":"pop_113160","label":"source_pop_110017"},"pop_108474":{"type":"posts","id":"pop_108474","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"pop","id":"108474","score":null,"sort":[1552395988000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-charlotte-l-brown-gold-rush-era-civil-rights-champion","title":"A Century Before Rosa Parks, She Fought Segregated Transit in SF","publishDate":1552395988,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Rebel Girls from Bay Area History | KQED Pop | KQED Arts","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Two years before slavery was officially abolished by the 13th Amendment, and a full 92 years before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus, Charlotte L. Brown took on San Francisco’s racially segregated Omnibus Railroad and Cable Company and changed the city’s public transportation laws forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 17, 1863, seven months before President Lincoln had even given the Gettysburg Address, Charlotte boarded a horse-drawn streetcar, a relatively new form of transport that ran at a speed of \u003ca href=\"http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=The_Heyday_of_Horsecars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">6 mph\u003c/a>. When the conductor reached her, he refused to take the ticket she had bought and asked her to leave, saying that “colored persons”—\u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=29BljgQ7Gn0C&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&dq=black+population+san+francisco+1863+1,176+people&source=bl&ots=w-JnA5BlFf&sig=ACfU3U1bqp94hl9IWdBAdeH1nPeu_WbcpQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiAj-aQjN3gAhVBrp4KHRKfAF0Q6AEwEHoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=black%20population%20san%20francisco%201863%201%2C176%20people&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two percent\u003c/a> of San Francisco's population at the time—were not allowed to ride. Charlotte had successfully circumvented streetcar segregation laws many times before (sometimes by \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=29BljgQ7Gn0C&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&dq=black+population+san+francisco+1863+1,176+people&source=bl&ots=w-JnA5BlFf&sig=ACfU3U1bqp94hl9IWdBAdeH1nPeu_WbcpQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiAj-aQjN3gAhVBrp4KHRKfAF0Q6AEwEHoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=black%20population%20san%20francisco%201863%201%2C176%20people&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wearing a veil\u003c/a>) so she refused to move. When a white woman, one of only three other passengers, joined the conductor in demanding she go, Charlotte was grabbed by the arm and physically removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_109740\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 422px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-109740 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-27-at-3.56.50-PM.png\" alt=\"“Charlotte and Harriet Escape in Deep Mourning, Underground Railroad” depicts Charlotte Giles and Harriet Elgin, slaves who used mourning veils to ride the railroad and escape to freedom. As seen in 'Army at Home' by Judith Giesberg. \" width=\"422\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-27-at-3.56.50-PM.png 422w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-27-at-3.56.50-PM-160x121.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Charlotte and Harriet Escape in Deep Mourning, Underground Railroad” depicts Charlotte Giles and Harriet Elgin, slaves who used mourning veils to ride the railroad and escape to freedom. As seen in 'Army at Home' by Judith Giesberg.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Charlotte was not one to go quietly however, thanks in large part to the way her tenacious parents had raised her. Her father, James E. Brown, made a living running his own stable, but in his personal life, James was a co-founder of the Bay Area’s first African-American newspaper, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83027100/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mirror of the Times\u003c/a>, \u003c/em>and was an outspoken abolitionist rumored to protect fugitive slaves. James had once been a slave himself, released from servitude only when his wife, a seamstress whom Charlotte was named after, had raised enough money to buy his freedom. This was no easy feat, given that in 1850, healthy male slaves cost \u003ca href=\"https://www.quora.com/How-much-did-slaves-in-the-Americas-cost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on average $2,000\u003c/a>, around \u003ca href=\"https://www.officialdata.org/us/inflation/1850?amount=2000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$60,000 in 2019\u003c/a> money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid='pop_102326']Once slavery had been declared illegal in California in 1849, it made sense for James and Charlotte Sr. to move west from Maryland to take advantage of the Gold Rush to provide for their growing family. By the time Charlotte Jr., at the age of 24, was forced from that streetcar, the family was living in North Beach and had become prominent figures in the local Black community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte and her father decided to take action by bringing a lawsuit against Omnibus Railroad, an extraordinarily brave move, given that it had only been a matter of months since African Americans in California had gained the right to testify against white people in court. During the case, Omnibus defended its racist policies, arguing that people of color should not be permitted to ride streetcars in case they made white women and children feel “\u003ca href=\"https://blackthen.com/rosa-parks-charlotte-l-brown-1863-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fearful or repulsed.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Charlotte ultimately won the case and was awarded $25 and costs, appeals by Omnibus kept her tied up in court for months. The end result saw her award sum \u003ca href=\"https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Charlotte_L._Brown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reduced to just five cents, \u003c/a>the cost of Charlotte’s original ticket. What’s more, the case did not change Omnibus policy. Just days after the first case was finally over, \u003ca href=\"http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2015/12/before-rosa-parks-there-was-charlotte-l.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Charlotte was removed from another Omnibus streetcar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte and her father went straight back to court, this time finding themselves arguing in front of a very sympathetic judge. Judge Orville C. Pratt of the 12th District Court deemed segregation “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orville_C._Pratt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">barbaric\u003c/a>,” awarded Charlotte $500 and, in his landmark October 1864 ruling, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wherevertheresafight.com/excerpts/under_color_of_law_the_fight_for_racial_equality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stated\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It has been already quite too long tolerated by the dominant race to see with indifference the Negro or mulatto treated as a brute, insulted, wronged, enslaved, made to wear a yoke, to tremble before white men, to serve him as a tool, to hold property and life at his will, to surrender to him his intellect and conscience, and to seal his lips and belie his thought through dread of the white man’s power.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Charlotte continued to follow in the footsteps of her fierce family later in life. A decade after winning her court case, Charlotte married fellow activist James Henry Riker, who had been one of the organizers of the 1865 California State Convention of Colored Citizens, which brought together Black activists, churches, social clubs and literary societies to plan courses of action. The couple went on to live on the edge of Chinatown, while Charlotte established a primary school in North Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid='arts_13881675']There can be no doubt that Charlotte’s case went on to bolster Mary Ellen Pleasant in 1866 when she brought a lawsuit against North Beach Municipal Railroad for refusing to pick her up, an ongoing problem for San Francisco’s Black population for years after Brown’s case concluded. Pleasant’s lawsuit made it all the way to California’s Supreme Court, and in 1893, a statewide ban on streetcar segregation came into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte’s case was also cited by \u003ca href=\"https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Charlotte_L._Brown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Senator Charles Sumner\u003c/a> as legal precedent while he fought for desegregated transport in Washington DC. Charlotte is remembered alongside the likes of Sojourner Truth, Elizabeth Jennings, Frances Harper and Ida B. Wells, all of whom fought similar battles around the country during the same era. In an age of pioneers, Charlotte L. Brown was one of the boldest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Almost a century before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus, Charlotte L. Brown took on San Francisco's segregated streetcars—and won.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1674881591,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":927},"headData":{"title":"A Century Before Rosa Parks, She Fought Segregated Transit in SF | KQED","description":"Almost a century before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus, Charlotte L. Brown took on San Francisco's segregated streetcars—and won.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Century Before Rosa Parks, She Fought Segregated Transit in SF","datePublished":"2019-03-12T13:06:28.000Z","dateModified":"2023-01-28T04:53:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Rebel Girls From Bay Area History","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/rebelgirls","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/40562981-2408-4c78-853a-ac990138270e/audio.mp3","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/pop/108474/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-charlotte-l-brown-gold-rush-era-civil-rights-champion","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two years before slavery was officially abolished by the 13th Amendment, and a full 92 years before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus, Charlotte L. Brown took on San Francisco’s racially segregated Omnibus Railroad and Cable Company and changed the city’s public transportation laws forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 17, 1863, seven months before President Lincoln had even given the Gettysburg Address, Charlotte boarded a horse-drawn streetcar, a relatively new form of transport that ran at a speed of \u003ca href=\"http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=The_Heyday_of_Horsecars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">6 mph\u003c/a>. When the conductor reached her, he refused to take the ticket she had bought and asked her to leave, saying that “colored persons”—\u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=29BljgQ7Gn0C&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&dq=black+population+san+francisco+1863+1,176+people&source=bl&ots=w-JnA5BlFf&sig=ACfU3U1bqp94hl9IWdBAdeH1nPeu_WbcpQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiAj-aQjN3gAhVBrp4KHRKfAF0Q6AEwEHoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=black%20population%20san%20francisco%201863%201%2C176%20people&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two percent\u003c/a> of San Francisco's population at the time—were not allowed to ride. Charlotte had successfully circumvented streetcar segregation laws many times before (sometimes by \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=29BljgQ7Gn0C&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&dq=black+population+san+francisco+1863+1,176+people&source=bl&ots=w-JnA5BlFf&sig=ACfU3U1bqp94hl9IWdBAdeH1nPeu_WbcpQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiAj-aQjN3gAhVBrp4KHRKfAF0Q6AEwEHoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=black%20population%20san%20francisco%201863%201%2C176%20people&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wearing a veil\u003c/a>) so she refused to move. When a white woman, one of only three other passengers, joined the conductor in demanding she go, Charlotte was grabbed by the arm and physically removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_109740\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 422px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-109740 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-27-at-3.56.50-PM.png\" alt=\"“Charlotte and Harriet Escape in Deep Mourning, Underground Railroad” depicts Charlotte Giles and Harriet Elgin, slaves who used mourning veils to ride the railroad and escape to freedom. As seen in 'Army at Home' by Judith Giesberg. \" width=\"422\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-27-at-3.56.50-PM.png 422w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-27-at-3.56.50-PM-160x121.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Charlotte and Harriet Escape in Deep Mourning, Underground Railroad” depicts Charlotte Giles and Harriet Elgin, slaves who used mourning veils to ride the railroad and escape to freedom. As seen in 'Army at Home' by Judith Giesberg.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Charlotte was not one to go quietly however, thanks in large part to the way her tenacious parents had raised her. Her father, James E. Brown, made a living running his own stable, but in his personal life, James was a co-founder of the Bay Area’s first African-American newspaper, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83027100/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mirror of the Times\u003c/a>, \u003c/em>and was an outspoken abolitionist rumored to protect fugitive slaves. James had once been a slave himself, released from servitude only when his wife, a seamstress whom Charlotte was named after, had raised enough money to buy his freedom. This was no easy feat, given that in 1850, healthy male slaves cost \u003ca href=\"https://www.quora.com/How-much-did-slaves-in-the-Americas-cost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on average $2,000\u003c/a>, around \u003ca href=\"https://www.officialdata.org/us/inflation/1850?amount=2000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$60,000 in 2019\u003c/a> money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"pop_102326","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Once slavery had been declared illegal in California in 1849, it made sense for James and Charlotte Sr. to move west from Maryland to take advantage of the Gold Rush to provide for their growing family. By the time Charlotte Jr., at the age of 24, was forced from that streetcar, the family was living in North Beach and had become prominent figures in the local Black community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte and her father decided to take action by bringing a lawsuit against Omnibus Railroad, an extraordinarily brave move, given that it had only been a matter of months since African Americans in California had gained the right to testify against white people in court. During the case, Omnibus defended its racist policies, arguing that people of color should not be permitted to ride streetcars in case they made white women and children feel “\u003ca href=\"https://blackthen.com/rosa-parks-charlotte-l-brown-1863-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fearful or repulsed.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Charlotte ultimately won the case and was awarded $25 and costs, appeals by Omnibus kept her tied up in court for months. The end result saw her award sum \u003ca href=\"https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Charlotte_L._Brown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reduced to just five cents, \u003c/a>the cost of Charlotte’s original ticket. What’s more, the case did not change Omnibus policy. Just days after the first case was finally over, \u003ca href=\"http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2015/12/before-rosa-parks-there-was-charlotte-l.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Charlotte was removed from another Omnibus streetcar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte and her father went straight back to court, this time finding themselves arguing in front of a very sympathetic judge. Judge Orville C. Pratt of the 12th District Court deemed segregation “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orville_C._Pratt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">barbaric\u003c/a>,” awarded Charlotte $500 and, in his landmark October 1864 ruling, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wherevertheresafight.com/excerpts/under_color_of_law_the_fight_for_racial_equality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stated\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It has been already quite too long tolerated by the dominant race to see with indifference the Negro or mulatto treated as a brute, insulted, wronged, enslaved, made to wear a yoke, to tremble before white men, to serve him as a tool, to hold property and life at his will, to surrender to him his intellect and conscience, and to seal his lips and belie his thought through dread of the white man’s power.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Charlotte continued to follow in the footsteps of her fierce family later in life. A decade after winning her court case, Charlotte married fellow activist James Henry Riker, who had been one of the organizers of the 1865 California State Convention of Colored Citizens, which brought together Black activists, churches, social clubs and literary societies to plan courses of action. The couple went on to live on the edge of Chinatown, while Charlotte established a primary school in North Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"arts_13881675","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>There can be no doubt that Charlotte’s case went on to bolster Mary Ellen Pleasant in 1866 when she brought a lawsuit against North Beach Municipal Railroad for refusing to pick her up, an ongoing problem for San Francisco’s Black population for years after Brown’s case concluded. Pleasant’s lawsuit made it all the way to California’s Supreme Court, and in 1893, a statewide ban on streetcar segregation came into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte’s case was also cited by \u003ca href=\"https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Charlotte_L._Brown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Senator Charles Sumner\u003c/a> as legal precedent while he fought for desegregated transport in Washington DC. Charlotte is remembered alongside the likes of Sojourner Truth, Elizabeth Jennings, Frances Harper and Ida B. Wells, all of whom fought similar battles around the country during the same era. In an age of pioneers, Charlotte L. Brown was one of the boldest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/pop/108474/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-charlotte-l-brown-gold-rush-era-civil-rights-champion","authors":["11242"],"programs":["pop_3828"],"categories":["pop_2937"],"tags":["pop_3426","pop_3484","pop_3341","pop_3485","pop_406","pop_3493","pop_3822"],"featImg":"pop_113163","label":"source_pop_108474"},"pop_103907":{"type":"posts","id":"pop_103907","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"pop","id":"103907","score":null,"sort":[1530537773000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-sally-stanford-brothel-madam-turned-mayor","title":"The Tenderloin Brothel Madam Who Became Mayor of Sausalito","publishDate":1530537773,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Tenderloin Brothel Madam Who Became Mayor of Sausalito | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]n 1978, a movie named \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001007/?ref_=tt_cl_t1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Lady of the House\u003c/em>\u003c/a> hit American televisions, carrying with it a story that would be preposterous if it weren’t, in fact, true: hard-bitten brothel madam works her way up to become popular mayor of a small town. This was the life story of the legendary Ms. Sally Stanford, who conquered hardship and a third-grade education with a winning combination of sass and street smarts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in 1903 (with the name Mabel Busby) in Baker County, Oregon, the second of five children, Stanford’s wild spirit showed itself early. She eloped at the age of 16 and ran straight into a life of crime, immediately landing herself in prison for cashing checks that her husband had stolen. During her two-year sentence, she learned the art of bootlegging from fellow prisoners. After her release, she headed to Ventura to open a speakeasy. Once she’d saved enough money, a 21-year-old Stanford made the move to San Francisco, and immediately opened a brothel at 693 O’Farrell St. in the Tenderloin. “Madaming is the sort of thing that happens to you,” Stanford wrote in her 1966 autobiography, \u003cem>The Lady of the House\u003c/em>. “Like getting a battlefield commission or becoming the dean of women at Stanford University.” [aside postid=arts_13902628]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s dazzling confidence, wit, and steadfast ability to keep secrets quickly made her an infamous figure in the city. She was arrested repeatedly, but charges against her rarely stuck — in part because of her friends in high places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The politics of the town were dominated by Mayor Jimmy Rolph,” she wrote in her memoir. “He was a doll, a political dreamboat … Not only did Jimmy do OK, but the rest of us did pretty well too. For if there ever was a live-and-let-live type, it was Mayor Rolph.” She continued: “At this point [in the 1920s], it was easier to come by professional female company in San Francisco than it was to catch a rash in a leper colony.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the early 1930s, Stanford had opened a second bordello in the Tenderloin, this one at 610 Leavenworth. She made such a success of her first two establishments that, by the end of the decade, she had opened four more: 837 Geary, 1526 Franklin, 929 Bush and 1224 Stockton in Chinatown. The madam had no problem finding women who wanted to work for her either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Starving jobless dames? Forget it,” she wrote in her autobiography. “They wanted to have intercourse with men for money … Some were just plain lazy. Others had the strange idea that any activity illicit in nature was glamorous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103914\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4088px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-103914\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4088\" height=\"4088\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house.jpg 4088w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4088px) 100vw, 4088px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sally Stanford’s bordello sites.\u003cbr>Top line: 1144 Pine Street (this original house was torn down in 1961), and 693 O’Farrell Street. Bottom line: 610 Leavenworth Street, and the building that once housed the Valhalla Inn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1941, Stanford added what would become one of her favorite business locations to her roster. Housed inside a mansion built by a prominent businessman for his fourth wife, Stanford’s high-end Nob Hill bordello at 1144 Pine was legendary for the eight years its doors remained open. (Stanford once called it, “the finest and most distinguished pleasure house in the world. Maybe the universe.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word was, the Pine house and its marble pool were frequented by the most respected politicians and businessmen in the region, as well as visiting dignitaries and celebrities from around the country. Stanford listed the likes of Errol Flynn and Humphrey Bogart as regulars. Stanford eventually 86’d the latter, however, for being in her own words, “a foul-mouthed, pugnacious drunk who came around to badger, belittle and insult the girls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Banning Bogart was one of the many ways in which Stanford worked to keep her employees happy. “I did my conniving, scheming, defensive best for them,” she later stated. “They did their enticing, seductive, coquettish best for me and the house prospered. For their efforts I gave them 60 percent of the take … They were a lovely set of girls and they contributed quite a bit to the success of the place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103910\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 201px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-103910\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/Screen-Shot-2018-05-30-at-2.06.39-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"201\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/Screen-Shot-2018-05-30-at-2.06.39-PM.png 201w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/Screen-Shot-2018-05-30-at-2.06.39-PM-160x298.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A matchbook from Sally Stanford’s Valhalla\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]n 1949, increasingly harassed by local police and then-\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">District Attorney, Pat Brown\u003c/a>, Stanford moved to Sausalito and opened a restaurant, appropriately titled Valhalla. While the venue attracted celebrity customers including Marlon Brando, Bing Crosby, and Lucille Ball, and advertised itself as a venue strictly for wining and dining, local rumor and a \u003ca href=\"http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/video/3787722-former-valhalla-inn-run-by-sausalito-madame-gets-a-new-future/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">red light at the back of the building\u003c/a> suggested otherwise. Thanks to the Bohemian nature of the Bay Area enclave, neighbors adored and supported the inn, regardless. \u003ca href=\"http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/video/3787722-former-valhalla-inn-run-by-sausalito-madame-gets-a-new-future/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">In 2018, a local man told KPIX News\u003c/a>: “She did provide a useful service and a good place to eat, and people appreciate that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s good standing in the community, as well as the fact that the local council wouldn’t allow her to install an electric sign on her restaurant, eventually led to Stanford’s political ambitions. A momentous \u003ca href=\"https://outlet.historicimages.com/products/rse47823\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1970 press photo\u003c/a> captures just how far her reputation had come in two decades in Sausalito. The caption reads: “Sally Stanford, nails up sign boosting her candidacy… in this upper middle class… suburb. Lamenting ‘a general breakdown in morals,’ the retired madam of San Francisco’s best known bordello is running for city council — with the support of local women’s clubs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took Stanford \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/02/obituaries/sally-stanford-madam-who-became-a-mayor.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">six attempts\u003c/a> to win a seat, but she was dogged in her determination to win, once noting, “We sinners never give up.” Once in office, she successfully held onto her position, and her ongoing popularity led to her being elected mayor in 1976. After her decision to retire in 1980, in a beautiful gesture, the council insisted on naming her “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/02/obituaries/sally-stanford-madam-who-became-a-mayor.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vice Mayor For Life.\u003c/a>” [aside postid=arts_13894842]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, there was nothing dull about the life of Sally Stanford. She was married five times and adopted two children, John Owen and Hara “Sharon” Owen, along the way. Stanford had multiple different aliases, lived according to her own moral and social codes and wrote daringly and openly about the secret lives of men. Despite it all, she successfully endeared herself to almost everyone she ever encountered. “Morality,” she once wrote, “is just a word that describes the current fashion of conduct.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During her 78 years on the planet, Stanford survived multiple robberies at gunpoint in her establishments, one bout of colon cancer and 11 heart attacks. The one that arrived in 1982 finally took her down for good. After news spread of her death, flags around Sausalito, as well as on the local ferries, were flown at half-mast in her honor. Today, a water fountain at the town’s ferry landing still instructs visitors to “Have a drink on Sally.” A second fountain sits lower to the ground, in honor of Stanford’s beloved dog, Leland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford is best remembered for her indomitable spirit and seemingly invincible ability to always come out on top. “If you are being run out of town,” she once said, “get in front of the crowd and make it look like a parade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Stanford was a convicted criminal, wife (five times), bootlegger, madam, mom, mayor, and total legend.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1709851116,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":1286},"headData":{"title":"The Tenderloin Brothel Madam Who Became Mayor of Sausalito | KQED","description":"Stanford was a convicted criminal, wife (five times), bootlegger, madam, mom, mayor, and total legend.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Tenderloin Brothel Madam Who Became Mayor of Sausalito","datePublished":"2018-07-02T13:22:53.000Z","dateModified":"2024-03-07T22:38:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Rebel Girls From Bay Area History","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/rebelgirls","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/0bda369c-62c2-4c05-aeea-ac2501841a5f/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/pop/103907/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-sally-stanford-brothel-madam-turned-mayor","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n 1978, a movie named \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001007/?ref_=tt_cl_t1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Lady of the House\u003c/em>\u003c/a> hit American televisions, carrying with it a story that would be preposterous if it weren’t, in fact, true: hard-bitten brothel madam works her way up to become popular mayor of a small town. This was the life story of the legendary Ms. Sally Stanford, who conquered hardship and a third-grade education with a winning combination of sass and street smarts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in 1903 (with the name Mabel Busby) in Baker County, Oregon, the second of five children, Stanford’s wild spirit showed itself early. She eloped at the age of 16 and ran straight into a life of crime, immediately landing herself in prison for cashing checks that her husband had stolen. During her two-year sentence, she learned the art of bootlegging from fellow prisoners. After her release, she headed to Ventura to open a speakeasy. Once she’d saved enough money, a 21-year-old Stanford made the move to San Francisco, and immediately opened a brothel at 693 O’Farrell St. in the Tenderloin. “Madaming is the sort of thing that happens to you,” Stanford wrote in her 1966 autobiography, \u003cem>The Lady of the House\u003c/em>. “Like getting a battlefield commission or becoming the dean of women at Stanford University.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"arts_13902628","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s dazzling confidence, wit, and steadfast ability to keep secrets quickly made her an infamous figure in the city. She was arrested repeatedly, but charges against her rarely stuck — in part because of her friends in high places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The politics of the town were dominated by Mayor Jimmy Rolph,” she wrote in her memoir. “He was a doll, a political dreamboat … Not only did Jimmy do OK, but the rest of us did pretty well too. For if there ever was a live-and-let-live type, it was Mayor Rolph.” She continued: “At this point [in the 1920s], it was easier to come by professional female company in San Francisco than it was to catch a rash in a leper colony.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the early 1930s, Stanford had opened a second bordello in the Tenderloin, this one at 610 Leavenworth. She made such a success of her first two establishments that, by the end of the decade, she had opened four more: 837 Geary, 1526 Franklin, 929 Bush and 1224 Stockton in Chinatown. The madam had no problem finding women who wanted to work for her either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Starving jobless dames? Forget it,” she wrote in her autobiography. “They wanted to have intercourse with men for money … Some were just plain lazy. Others had the strange idea that any activity illicit in nature was glamorous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103914\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4088px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-103914\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4088\" height=\"4088\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house.jpg 4088w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/stanford-house-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4088px) 100vw, 4088px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sally Stanford’s bordello sites.\u003cbr>Top line: 1144 Pine Street (this original house was torn down in 1961), and 693 O’Farrell Street. Bottom line: 610 Leavenworth Street, and the building that once housed the Valhalla Inn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1941, Stanford added what would become one of her favorite business locations to her roster. Housed inside a mansion built by a prominent businessman for his fourth wife, Stanford’s high-end Nob Hill bordello at 1144 Pine was legendary for the eight years its doors remained open. (Stanford once called it, “the finest and most distinguished pleasure house in the world. Maybe the universe.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word was, the Pine house and its marble pool were frequented by the most respected politicians and businessmen in the region, as well as visiting dignitaries and celebrities from around the country. Stanford listed the likes of Errol Flynn and Humphrey Bogart as regulars. Stanford eventually 86’d the latter, however, for being in her own words, “a foul-mouthed, pugnacious drunk who came around to badger, belittle and insult the girls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Banning Bogart was one of the many ways in which Stanford worked to keep her employees happy. “I did my conniving, scheming, defensive best for them,” she later stated. “They did their enticing, seductive, coquettish best for me and the house prospered. For their efforts I gave them 60 percent of the take … They were a lovely set of girls and they contributed quite a bit to the success of the place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103910\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 201px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-103910\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/Screen-Shot-2018-05-30-at-2.06.39-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"201\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/Screen-Shot-2018-05-30-at-2.06.39-PM.png 201w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/05/Screen-Shot-2018-05-30-at-2.06.39-PM-160x298.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A matchbook from Sally Stanford’s Valhalla\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n 1949, increasingly harassed by local police and then-\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">District Attorney, Pat Brown\u003c/a>, Stanford moved to Sausalito and opened a restaurant, appropriately titled Valhalla. While the venue attracted celebrity customers including Marlon Brando, Bing Crosby, and Lucille Ball, and advertised itself as a venue strictly for wining and dining, local rumor and a \u003ca href=\"http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/video/3787722-former-valhalla-inn-run-by-sausalito-madame-gets-a-new-future/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">red light at the back of the building\u003c/a> suggested otherwise. Thanks to the Bohemian nature of the Bay Area enclave, neighbors adored and supported the inn, regardless. \u003ca href=\"http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/video/3787722-former-valhalla-inn-run-by-sausalito-madame-gets-a-new-future/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">In 2018, a local man told KPIX News\u003c/a>: “She did provide a useful service and a good place to eat, and people appreciate that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s good standing in the community, as well as the fact that the local council wouldn’t allow her to install an electric sign on her restaurant, eventually led to Stanford’s political ambitions. A momentous \u003ca href=\"https://outlet.historicimages.com/products/rse47823\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1970 press photo\u003c/a> captures just how far her reputation had come in two decades in Sausalito. The caption reads: “Sally Stanford, nails up sign boosting her candidacy… in this upper middle class… suburb. Lamenting ‘a general breakdown in morals,’ the retired madam of San Francisco’s best known bordello is running for city council — with the support of local women’s clubs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took Stanford \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/02/obituaries/sally-stanford-madam-who-became-a-mayor.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">six attempts\u003c/a> to win a seat, but she was dogged in her determination to win, once noting, “We sinners never give up.” Once in office, she successfully held onto her position, and her ongoing popularity led to her being elected mayor in 1976. After her decision to retire in 1980, in a beautiful gesture, the council insisted on naming her “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/02/obituaries/sally-stanford-madam-who-became-a-mayor.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vice Mayor For Life.\u003c/a>” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"arts_13894842","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, there was nothing dull about the life of Sally Stanford. She was married five times and adopted two children, John Owen and Hara “Sharon” Owen, along the way. Stanford had multiple different aliases, lived according to her own moral and social codes and wrote daringly and openly about the secret lives of men. Despite it all, she successfully endeared herself to almost everyone she ever encountered. “Morality,” she once wrote, “is just a word that describes the current fashion of conduct.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During her 78 years on the planet, Stanford survived multiple robberies at gunpoint in her establishments, one bout of colon cancer and 11 heart attacks. The one that arrived in 1982 finally took her down for good. After news spread of her death, flags around Sausalito, as well as on the local ferries, were flown at half-mast in her honor. Today, a water fountain at the town’s ferry landing still instructs visitors to “Have a drink on Sally.” A second fountain sits lower to the ground, in honor of Stanford’s beloved dog, Leland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford is best remembered for her indomitable spirit and seemingly invincible ability to always come out on top. “If you are being run out of town,” she once said, “get in front of the crowd and make it look like a parade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/pop/103907/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-sally-stanford-brothel-madam-turned-mayor","authors":["11242"],"programs":["pop_3828"],"categories":["pop_131","pop_2937","pop_1041"],"tags":["pop_3493","pop_3822"],"featImg":"pop_113164","label":"source_pop_103907"},"pop_103422":{"type":"posts","id":"pop_103422","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"pop","id":"103422","score":null,"sort":[1528200383000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-ruth-brinker-aids-activist","title":"The Retired Grandma Who Transformed HIV Care in Her Community","publishDate":1528200383,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Rebel Girls from Bay Area History | KQED Pop | KQED Arts","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In 1985, America was in the midst of \u003ca href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scrambling to figure out how to tackle AIDS.\u003c/a> It was the year that Ronald Reagan was finally forced to publicly acknowledge the disease; the year of the very first \u003ca href=\"http://www.iasociety.org/About-IAS/About-the-IAS/history/ArticleID/6/April-1985-Atlanta-%E2%80%93-1st-International-AIDS-Conference-AIDS-1985\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International AIDS Conference\u003c/a>; the year Rock Hudson died, leaving $250,000 behind to set up the \u003ca href=\"http://www.amfar.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">American Foundation for AIDS Research\u003c/a>; and the year retired grandmother Ruth Brinker decided something must be done to assist people with HIV in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, fear around AIDS was at an all-time high. \u003cem>Time\u003c/em> magazine published \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959944,00.html#ixzz1ODE14wsi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an article in September '85\u003c/a>, documenting the hysteria and misinformation that was gripping communities nationwide. Subjects in the piece included a bishop who had stopped using the communion cup; a card player who had started wearing gloves during games; and schools with very low attendance rates because of fear of infection. Elsewhere, 13-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://hab.hrsa.gov/about-ryan-white-hivaids-program/who-was-ryan-white\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ryan White\u003c/a> was excluded from his Indiana middle school after contracting the virus from a blood transfusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid='pop_110017']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brinker, a San Francisco resident, was acutely aware of these problems, but when one of her neighbors with HIV died of malnutrition, it was the last straw. Brinker began making and delivering meals to seven others in her vicinity who were too sick to get to a grocery store, or even cook at all. As word spread about her good deeds, it became apparent that demand for the service was too great for Brinker to handle alone. \u003ca href=\"https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Ruth_Brinker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Thanks to a $2000 grant and some donated kitchen equipment\u003c/a>, she put out a call for volunteers and set up \u003ca href=\"https://www.openhand.org/\">Project Open Hand\u003c/a>, the first ever non-profit to provide food and nutritional information to people living with HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brinker had moved to the city from Hartford, South Dakota at the age of 33. Two years later, she married her husband, Jack, with whom she had two daughters. The Brinkers owned and ran an antique store, but by the mid-1970s, Ruth was managing a Meals on Wheels center. That led to a later position as director for a homeless food program at Trinity Church. These jobs undoubtedly provided the inspiration for Project Open Hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only did Brinker understand the importance of providing food to those in need, she also understood that the human touch was essential too. She encouraged volunteers to spend time with the people they were delivering food to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact of the organization was swift and deeply felt. In 1989, POH expanded to also serve Alameda County. That same year, after the Loma Prieta earthquake, the project \u003ca href=\"http://pndblog.typepad.com/pndblog/2011/08/remembering-ruth-brinker.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">provided food to residents\u003c/a> whose houses had been destroyed. The following year, it joined forces with the seven-year-old Food Bank at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfaf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco AIDS Foundation\u003c/a>, which, at that time, was already distributing bags of groceries to 600 people every week. By 2000, Project Open Hand was also serving seniors \u003ca href=\"http://www.noevalleyvoice.com/2006/February/060Ruth.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in over 20 San Francisco locations\u003c/a>, and people with all manner of debilitating diseases (cancer and heart disease included).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Project Open Hand is still thriving, providing an astonishing 2,600 meals and 200 bags of groceries per day, seven days a week, thanks to the tireless efforts of 110 staff members, and the 125 dedicated volunteers that show up daily. But it's also reliant on the kindness of the community; \u003ca href=\"https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Project+Open+Hand\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two thirds of its funding\u003c/a> comes from public donations. Its success has inspired the founding of \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Brinker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\"dozens\"\u003c/a> of similar organizations across the country, as well as in places as far flung as \u003ca href=\"http://pndblog.typepad.com/pndblog/2011/08/remembering-ruth-brinker.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the UK and South Africa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2Ft1LnME0c\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a period in the '90s, Brinker also set up and ran \u003ca href=\"http://www.grandtimes.com/lettuce.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fresh Start Farms,\u003c/a> a 1/4-acre plot on the corner of Ellis and Divisadero that grew designer greens (including nasturtium, mustard, rosemary, borage, and calendula) to sell to high-end restaurants. The farm exclusively employed refugees and people recovering from periods of homelessness. But it is Project Open Hand that Brinker will always be best remembered for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruth Marie Brinker \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Ruth-Brinker-Project-Open-Hand-founder-dies-2334969.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">died on August 13, 2011\u003c/a> at the age of 89. The outpouring after her death was enormous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have walked in the Pride Parade with many, many contingents,\" attorney \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2011/8/11/1005759/-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bill Ambrunn said\u003c/a>, \"including with popular elected officials and celebrities. But it was never like the experience walking with Ruth as part of the POH contingent. All along the parade route, you could hear people crying out, 'We love you Ruth. Thank you Ruth.' People clapped and cheered enthusiastically for the tiny little lady waving from the car. They knew her and knew her story and loved her. Even if they didn't actually know her, many of them knew people she helped care for.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brinker remained modest throughout her life, regardless of the appreciation she received from others. \"I always try to do things that need to be done,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.noevalleyvoice.com/2006/February/060Ruth.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">she told \u003cem>The Noe Valley Voice\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in 2006. \"It seemed to me that this needed to be done, and I did it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"\"People clapped and cheered enthusiastically for the tiny little lady waving from the car. They knew her and knew her story and loved her.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1636506640,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":859},"headData":{"title":"The Retired Grandma Who Transformed HIV Care in Her Community - KQED Pop","description":""People clapped and cheered enthusiastically for the tiny little lady waving from the car. They knew her and knew her story and loved her."","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Retired Grandma Who Transformed HIV Care in Her Community","datePublished":"2018-06-05T12:06:23.000Z","dateModified":"2021-11-10T01:10:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"103422 https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/?p=103422","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/2018/06/05/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-ruth-brinker-aids-activist/","disqusTitle":"The Retired Grandma Who Transformed HIV Care in Her Community","source":"Rebel Girls From Bay Area History","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/rebelgirls","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/pop/103422/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-ruth-brinker-aids-activist","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 1985, America was in the midst of \u003ca href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scrambling to figure out how to tackle AIDS.\u003c/a> It was the year that Ronald Reagan was finally forced to publicly acknowledge the disease; the year of the very first \u003ca href=\"http://www.iasociety.org/About-IAS/About-the-IAS/history/ArticleID/6/April-1985-Atlanta-%E2%80%93-1st-International-AIDS-Conference-AIDS-1985\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International AIDS Conference\u003c/a>; the year Rock Hudson died, leaving $250,000 behind to set up the \u003ca href=\"http://www.amfar.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">American Foundation for AIDS Research\u003c/a>; and the year retired grandmother Ruth Brinker decided something must be done to assist people with HIV in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, fear around AIDS was at an all-time high. \u003cem>Time\u003c/em> magazine published \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959944,00.html#ixzz1ODE14wsi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an article in September '85\u003c/a>, documenting the hysteria and misinformation that was gripping communities nationwide. Subjects in the piece included a bishop who had stopped using the communion cup; a card player who had started wearing gloves during games; and schools with very low attendance rates because of fear of infection. Elsewhere, 13-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://hab.hrsa.gov/about-ryan-white-hivaids-program/who-was-ryan-white\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ryan White\u003c/a> was excluded from his Indiana middle school after contracting the virus from a blood transfusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"pop_110017","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brinker, a San Francisco resident, was acutely aware of these problems, but when one of her neighbors with HIV died of malnutrition, it was the last straw. Brinker began making and delivering meals to seven others in her vicinity who were too sick to get to a grocery store, or even cook at all. As word spread about her good deeds, it became apparent that demand for the service was too great for Brinker to handle alone. \u003ca href=\"https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Ruth_Brinker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Thanks to a $2000 grant and some donated kitchen equipment\u003c/a>, she put out a call for volunteers and set up \u003ca href=\"https://www.openhand.org/\">Project Open Hand\u003c/a>, the first ever non-profit to provide food and nutritional information to people living with HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brinker had moved to the city from Hartford, South Dakota at the age of 33. Two years later, she married her husband, Jack, with whom she had two daughters. The Brinkers owned and ran an antique store, but by the mid-1970s, Ruth was managing a Meals on Wheels center. That led to a later position as director for a homeless food program at Trinity Church. These jobs undoubtedly provided the inspiration for Project Open Hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only did Brinker understand the importance of providing food to those in need, she also understood that the human touch was essential too. She encouraged volunteers to spend time with the people they were delivering food to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact of the organization was swift and deeply felt. In 1989, POH expanded to also serve Alameda County. That same year, after the Loma Prieta earthquake, the project \u003ca href=\"http://pndblog.typepad.com/pndblog/2011/08/remembering-ruth-brinker.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">provided food to residents\u003c/a> whose houses had been destroyed. The following year, it joined forces with the seven-year-old Food Bank at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfaf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco AIDS Foundation\u003c/a>, which, at that time, was already distributing bags of groceries to 600 people every week. By 2000, Project Open Hand was also serving seniors \u003ca href=\"http://www.noevalleyvoice.com/2006/February/060Ruth.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in over 20 San Francisco locations\u003c/a>, and people with all manner of debilitating diseases (cancer and heart disease included).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Project Open Hand is still thriving, providing an astonishing 2,600 meals and 200 bags of groceries per day, seven days a week, thanks to the tireless efforts of 110 staff members, and the 125 dedicated volunteers that show up daily. But it's also reliant on the kindness of the community; \u003ca href=\"https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Project+Open+Hand\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two thirds of its funding\u003c/a> comes from public donations. Its success has inspired the founding of \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Brinker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\"dozens\"\u003c/a> of similar organizations across the country, as well as in places as far flung as \u003ca href=\"http://pndblog.typepad.com/pndblog/2011/08/remembering-ruth-brinker.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the UK and South Africa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/I2Ft1LnME0c'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/I2Ft1LnME0c'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>For a period in the '90s, Brinker also set up and ran \u003ca href=\"http://www.grandtimes.com/lettuce.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fresh Start Farms,\u003c/a> a 1/4-acre plot on the corner of Ellis and Divisadero that grew designer greens (including nasturtium, mustard, rosemary, borage, and calendula) to sell to high-end restaurants. The farm exclusively employed refugees and people recovering from periods of homelessness. But it is Project Open Hand that Brinker will always be best remembered for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruth Marie Brinker \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Ruth-Brinker-Project-Open-Hand-founder-dies-2334969.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">died on August 13, 2011\u003c/a> at the age of 89. The outpouring after her death was enormous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have walked in the Pride Parade with many, many contingents,\" attorney \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2011/8/11/1005759/-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bill Ambrunn said\u003c/a>, \"including with popular elected officials and celebrities. But it was never like the experience walking with Ruth as part of the POH contingent. All along the parade route, you could hear people crying out, 'We love you Ruth. Thank you Ruth.' People clapped and cheered enthusiastically for the tiny little lady waving from the car. They knew her and knew her story and loved her. Even if they didn't actually know her, many of them knew people she helped care for.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brinker remained modest throughout her life, regardless of the appreciation she received from others. \"I always try to do things that need to be done,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.noevalleyvoice.com/2006/February/060Ruth.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">she told \u003cem>The Noe Valley Voice\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in 2006. \"It seemed to me that this needed to be done, and I did it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/pop/103422/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-ruth-brinker-aids-activist","authors":["11242"],"programs":["pop_3828"],"categories":["pop_131","pop_2937"],"tags":["pop_681","pop_3721","pop_1100","pop_3174","pop_3493","pop_3822"],"featImg":"pop_113165","label":"source_pop_103422"},"pop_102855":{"type":"posts","id":"pop_102855","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"pop","id":"102855","score":null,"sort":[1525093561000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-pat-parker-lesbian-feminist-poet-and-activist","title":"The Oakland Poet Who Brought Lesbian Feminism to the Fore","publishDate":1525093561,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Rebel Girls from Bay Area History | KQED Pop | KQED Arts","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The first time you read or hear, Pat Parker's 1978 poem \"For Willyce,\" the first thing that strikes you is the sheer, visceral intimacy being laid out before you. It's an astonishing and beautiful ode to the art of lesbian love-making. That is, until you get to the last lines and it's impossible not to let out a laugh:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>When i make love to you\u003cbr>\ni try\u003cbr>\nwith each stroke of my tongue\u003cbr>\nto say i love you\u003cbr>\nto tease i love you\u003cbr>\nto hammer i love you\u003cbr>\nto melt i love you\u003cbr>\n& your sounds drift down\u003cbr>\noh god!\u003cbr>\noh jesus!\u003cbr>\nand i think—\u003cbr>\nhere it is, some dude’s\u003cbr>\ngetting credit for what\u003cbr>\na woman\u003cbr>\nhas done,\u003cbr>\nagain.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>By the time \"For Willyce\" came out, it had been 15 years since Patricia Parker first took a stage in Oakland, armed with a handful of poems and a lot more life experience than many people three times older than her 19 years. In between, she had written and released four groundbreaking poetry collections—1978's \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Movement-Black-Pat-Parker/dp/1563411083\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Movement in Black\u003c/em>\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Woman-Slaughter-Pat-Parker/dp/0884470164/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1522223909&sr=1-1&keywords=woman+slaughter+pat+parker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Woman Slaughter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, 1975's \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Pit-stop-Pat-Parker/dp/B0006EY8PI/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1522223933&sr=1-1&keywords=Pit+Stop+pat+parker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Pit Stop, \u003c/em>\u003c/a>and 1972's \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Child-myself-Pat-Parker/dp/B0006W6G3W/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1522223963&sr=1-1&keywords=Child+of+Myself+pat+parker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Child of Myself\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>She would go on to release one more, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Jonestown-Other-Madness-Pat-Parker/dp/0932379001/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1522224766&sr=8-1&keywords=Jonestown+and+Other+Madness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jonestown and Other Madness\u003c/a>, \u003c/em>in 1985.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker was born in Houston, Texas on January 20, 1944, and her life was hard from the get-go. In \"Womanslaughter,\" Parker describes her family as “Texas-Hell, survivors / of soul-searing poverty, / survivors of small-town / mentality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid='pop_108474']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Woman Slaughter\u003c/em> collection was written in part about the murder of one of Parker's three sisters, the \"quiet\" Shirley Jones, by her husband. At the age of 18, Parker also found herself in an abusive relationship with playwright and Black Panther Ed Bullins. During their marriage, she lost a pregnancy after he pushed her down a flight of stairs. Prior to that, while still a child, she had experienced sexual assault at the hands of a stranger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somehow, Parker not only successfully survived all the trauma and hardship of her earlier life, she was also able to channel the pain and weight of those experiences into words that were as unflinching as they were vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker came out as a lesbian in the late 1960s, having divorced her second husband, fellow writer Robert F. Parker. The liberation she felt finally embracing her sexuality is palpable in her poetry. Pat Parker knew no limits when it came to expressing the innermost parts of herself. The boldness of \u003ca href=\"https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/my-lover-woman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\"My Lover is a Woman\"\u003c/a>—which uses an interracial lesbian relationship as a jumping-off point to talk about racism, poverty, and the prejudice faced by the LGBT community—is still astonishing in 2018. In 1968, hearing it for the first time must have felt like an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFFTb6Jh5cI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker was outspoken by nature, but found herself even more emboldened by her community. Alongside fellow lesbian feminist poets including \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Grahn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Judy Grahn\u003c/a>, she helped organize regular group poetry readings up and down the West Coast. \u003ca href=\"https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/pat-parker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Parker once said\u003c/a> of this crew of innovators: “It was like, pioneering. We were talking to women about women, and, at the same time, letting women know that the experiences they were having were shared by other people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker's activism was at the center of almost everything she did. In addition to her work with lesbian and feminist groups, as well as her early involvement with the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panther_Party\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Black Panther Party,\u003c/a> she formed the Black Women's Revolutionary Council in 1980, and assisted in the founding of the Women's Press Collective. In 1985, she worked with the United Nations, traveling with delegations to both Kenya and Ghana, before testifying before the U.N. about the status of women in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QDGssMWpoU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should come as no surprise that Parker's day job was as the director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2009/04/07/18586732.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oakland Feminist Women's Health Center.\u003c/a> She worked there for a decade, resigning only when terminal illness forced her to in 1988. Parker died in Oakland after a battle with breast cancer, on June 19, 1989 at the age of 45. She was survived by her partner of nine years, Martha \"Marty\" Dunham, and her daughters Cassidy Brown and Anastasia Jean Dunham-Parker-Brady. It was her children that inspired Parker's poem, \"Legacy (for Anastasia Jean)\"—a powerful critique of homophobic ideals around parenting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>There are those who think\u003cbr>\nor perhaps don’t think\u003cbr>\nthat children and lesbians\u003cbr>\ntogether can’t make a family\u003cbr>\nthat we create an extension\u003cbr>\nof perversion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They think\u003cbr>\nor perhaps don’t think\u003cbr>\nthat we have different relationships\u003cbr>\nwith our children\u003cbr>\nthat instead of getting up\u003cbr>\nin the middle of night\u003cbr>\nfor a 2AM and 6AM feeding\u003cbr>\nwe rise up and chant\u003cbr>\n“you’re gonna be a dyke\u003cbr>\nYou’re gonna be a dyke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That we feed our children\u003cbr>\nLavender Similac\u003cbr>\nand by breathing our air\u003cbr>\nthe children’s genitals distort\u003cbr>\nand they become hermaphrodites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They ask\u003cbr>\n“What will you say to them\u003cbr>\nWhat will you teach them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Child\u003cbr>\nThat would be mine\u003cbr>\nI bring you my world\u003cbr>\nand bid it be yours.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Outside of her writing, Parker's legacy lives on in \u003ca href=\"https://gaycenter.org/community/library\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Pat Parker/Vito Russo Center Library\u003c/a> in New York City, as well as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.scholarships4school.com/scholarships/pat-parker-poetry-award.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pat Parker Poetry Award\u003c/a> for black, lesbian, feminist poets. More than that though, her outspoken activism lives on in those that have followed in her footsteps and in the forward strides made in civil and gay rights since her life ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Pat Parker's devastatingly premature death, her lifelong friend Judy Grahn described the way Parker lived life and overcame challenges, as \"go[ing] to the front of the line with a big bad sword in hand and lead[ing] a revolution.\" That, she most certainly did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A friend described the way Parker lived her life as \"going to the front of the line with a big bad sword in hand and leading a revolution.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1636506752,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1020},"headData":{"title":"The Oakland Poet Who Brought Lesbian Feminism to the Fore - KQED Pop","description":"A friend described the way Parker lived her life as "going to the front of the line with a big bad sword in hand and leading a revolution."","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Oakland Poet Who Brought Lesbian Feminism to the Fore","datePublished":"2018-04-30T13:06:01.000Z","dateModified":"2021-11-10T01:12:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"102855 https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/?p=102855","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/2018/04/30/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-pat-parker-lesbian-feminist-poet-and-activist/","disqusTitle":"The Oakland Poet Who Brought Lesbian Feminism to the Fore","source":"Rebel Girls From Bay Area History","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/rebelgirls","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/0993505d-d967-4f9e-b2b9-adc501091f34/audio.mp3","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/pop/102855/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-pat-parker-lesbian-feminist-poet-and-activist","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first time you read or hear, Pat Parker's 1978 poem \"For Willyce,\" the first thing that strikes you is the sheer, visceral intimacy being laid out before you. It's an astonishing and beautiful ode to the art of lesbian love-making. That is, until you get to the last lines and it's impossible not to let out a laugh:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>When i make love to you\u003cbr>\ni try\u003cbr>\nwith each stroke of my tongue\u003cbr>\nto say i love you\u003cbr>\nto tease i love you\u003cbr>\nto hammer i love you\u003cbr>\nto melt i love you\u003cbr>\n& your sounds drift down\u003cbr>\noh god!\u003cbr>\noh jesus!\u003cbr>\nand i think—\u003cbr>\nhere it is, some dude’s\u003cbr>\ngetting credit for what\u003cbr>\na woman\u003cbr>\nhas done,\u003cbr>\nagain.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>By the time \"For Willyce\" came out, it had been 15 years since Patricia Parker first took a stage in Oakland, armed with a handful of poems and a lot more life experience than many people three times older than her 19 years. In between, she had written and released four groundbreaking poetry collections—1978's \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Movement-Black-Pat-Parker/dp/1563411083\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Movement in Black\u003c/em>\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Woman-Slaughter-Pat-Parker/dp/0884470164/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1522223909&sr=1-1&keywords=woman+slaughter+pat+parker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Woman Slaughter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, 1975's \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Pit-stop-Pat-Parker/dp/B0006EY8PI/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1522223933&sr=1-1&keywords=Pit+Stop+pat+parker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Pit Stop, \u003c/em>\u003c/a>and 1972's \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Child-myself-Pat-Parker/dp/B0006W6G3W/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1522223963&sr=1-1&keywords=Child+of+Myself+pat+parker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Child of Myself\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>She would go on to release one more, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Jonestown-Other-Madness-Pat-Parker/dp/0932379001/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1522224766&sr=8-1&keywords=Jonestown+and+Other+Madness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jonestown and Other Madness\u003c/a>, \u003c/em>in 1985.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker was born in Houston, Texas on January 20, 1944, and her life was hard from the get-go. In \"Womanslaughter,\" Parker describes her family as “Texas-Hell, survivors / of soul-searing poverty, / survivors of small-town / mentality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"pop_108474","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Woman Slaughter\u003c/em> collection was written in part about the murder of one of Parker's three sisters, the \"quiet\" Shirley Jones, by her husband. At the age of 18, Parker also found herself in an abusive relationship with playwright and Black Panther Ed Bullins. During their marriage, she lost a pregnancy after he pushed her down a flight of stairs. Prior to that, while still a child, she had experienced sexual assault at the hands of a stranger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somehow, Parker not only successfully survived all the trauma and hardship of her earlier life, she was also able to channel the pain and weight of those experiences into words that were as unflinching as they were vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker came out as a lesbian in the late 1960s, having divorced her second husband, fellow writer Robert F. Parker. The liberation she felt finally embracing her sexuality is palpable in her poetry. Pat Parker knew no limits when it came to expressing the innermost parts of herself. The boldness of \u003ca href=\"https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/my-lover-woman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\"My Lover is a Woman\"\u003c/a>—which uses an interracial lesbian relationship as a jumping-off point to talk about racism, poverty, and the prejudice faced by the LGBT community—is still astonishing in 2018. In 1968, hearing it for the first time must have felt like an earthquake.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/LFFTb6Jh5cI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/LFFTb6Jh5cI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Parker was outspoken by nature, but found herself even more emboldened by her community. Alongside fellow lesbian feminist poets including \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Grahn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Judy Grahn\u003c/a>, she helped organize regular group poetry readings up and down the West Coast. \u003ca href=\"https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/pat-parker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Parker once said\u003c/a> of this crew of innovators: “It was like, pioneering. We were talking to women about women, and, at the same time, letting women know that the experiences they were having were shared by other people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker's activism was at the center of almost everything she did. In addition to her work with lesbian and feminist groups, as well as her early involvement with the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panther_Party\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Black Panther Party,\u003c/a> she formed the Black Women's Revolutionary Council in 1980, and assisted in the founding of the Women's Press Collective. In 1985, she worked with the United Nations, traveling with delegations to both Kenya and Ghana, before testifying before the U.N. about the status of women in the world.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/7QDGssMWpoU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/7QDGssMWpoU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>It should come as no surprise that Parker's day job was as the director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2009/04/07/18586732.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oakland Feminist Women's Health Center.\u003c/a> She worked there for a decade, resigning only when terminal illness forced her to in 1988. Parker died in Oakland after a battle with breast cancer, on June 19, 1989 at the age of 45. She was survived by her partner of nine years, Martha \"Marty\" Dunham, and her daughters Cassidy Brown and Anastasia Jean Dunham-Parker-Brady. It was her children that inspired Parker's poem, \"Legacy (for Anastasia Jean)\"—a powerful critique of homophobic ideals around parenting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>There are those who think\u003cbr>\nor perhaps don’t think\u003cbr>\nthat children and lesbians\u003cbr>\ntogether can’t make a family\u003cbr>\nthat we create an extension\u003cbr>\nof perversion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They think\u003cbr>\nor perhaps don’t think\u003cbr>\nthat we have different relationships\u003cbr>\nwith our children\u003cbr>\nthat instead of getting up\u003cbr>\nin the middle of night\u003cbr>\nfor a 2AM and 6AM feeding\u003cbr>\nwe rise up and chant\u003cbr>\n“you’re gonna be a dyke\u003cbr>\nYou’re gonna be a dyke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That we feed our children\u003cbr>\nLavender Similac\u003cbr>\nand by breathing our air\u003cbr>\nthe children’s genitals distort\u003cbr>\nand they become hermaphrodites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They ask\u003cbr>\n“What will you say to them\u003cbr>\nWhat will you teach them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Child\u003cbr>\nThat would be mine\u003cbr>\nI bring you my world\u003cbr>\nand bid it be yours.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Outside of her writing, Parker's legacy lives on in \u003ca href=\"https://gaycenter.org/community/library\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Pat Parker/Vito Russo Center Library\u003c/a> in New York City, as well as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.scholarships4school.com/scholarships/pat-parker-poetry-award.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pat Parker Poetry Award\u003c/a> for black, lesbian, feminist poets. More than that though, her outspoken activism lives on in those that have followed in her footsteps and in the forward strides made in civil and gay rights since her life ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Pat Parker's devastatingly premature death, her lifelong friend Judy Grahn described the way Parker lived life and overcame challenges, as \"go[ing] to the front of the line with a big bad sword in hand and lead[ing] a revolution.\" That, she most certainly did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/pop/102855/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-pat-parker-lesbian-feminist-poet-and-activist","authors":["11242"],"programs":["pop_3828"],"categories":["pop_131","pop_2937"],"tags":["pop_197","pop_3174","pop_176","pop_3493","pop_3822"],"featImg":"pop_113168","label":"source_pop_102855"},"pop_102774":{"type":"posts","id":"pop_102774","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"pop","id":"102774","score":null,"sort":[1522417349000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-alma-de-bretteville-spreckels-philanthropist-firecracker","title":"‘Big Alma’: The Philanthropist Firecracker Who Gave Us the Legion of Honor","publishDate":1522417349,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Rebel Girls from Bay Area History | KQED Pop | KQED Arts","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>If you live or work in San Francisco, chances are you already know a little about what Alma de Bretteville Spreckels looked like. That's because the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey_Monument\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dewey Monument\u003c/a> in the center of Union Square is topped with a statue that, while supposed to represent the Goddess of Victory, was actually modeled after Alma. Sculptor Robert Ingersoll Aitken hired the 6ft tall beauty, nicknamed \"Big Alma\", to be his model in 1901—and it was a job that would utterly transform her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alma was born in 1881 to Danish immigrant parents with family ties to France. They raised her in San Francisco's Sunset District, back when it was still known as the \"Outside Lands\"—a name born from its rugged, sand dune-dominated landscape and sparse population. Early on, Alma acquired a solid work ethic, having watched her mother run three family businesses (a bakery, laundry service and massage parlor) out of their modest home. Alma dropped out of school at 14 to become a stenographer, but she knew early on that her true passions lay with the arts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_102799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-102799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-800x1142.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-800x1142.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-160x228.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-768x1097.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-1020x1456.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-840x1200.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-1920x2741.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-1180x1685.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-960x1371.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-240x343.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-375x535.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-520x742.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alma's likeness sits atop the Dewey Monument as the \"Goddess of Victory\" in the heart of Union Square. (Photo by Jason Kempin/ Getty Images for Bud Light)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After taking some classes at the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art (today's San Francisco Art Institute), Big Alma found herself—thanks to her imposing presence and statuesque figure—inundated with requests to pose for artists. Her willingness to pose nude made her popular, financially comfortable, and totally infamous. That infamy was exacerbated by the fact that she had once sued a boyfriend for \"personal defloweration,\" after he went back on his promise to marry her. (She won $1,250—about $30,000 in today's money.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being hired to model for the Dewey Monument wasn't just monumental because it would display Alma's likeness in the heart of San Francisco forever—even Theodore Roosevelt traveled from Washington D.C. for the unveiling in 1903—but it was also how she met her husband. Adolph Spreckels, son of sugar refinery entrepreneur, Claus Spreckels, and heir to a sizeable fortune, was on the Citizen's Committee responsible for funding the construction of the Dewey Monument. The moment he saw the Alma in real life, he was smitten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a 24-year age gap, Adolph and Alma were an excellent match. He was even more infamous than her when they met, \u003ca href=\"https://priceonomics.com/how-the-original-sugar-daddy-got-away-with-murder/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">having twice shot a journalist\u003c/a> at the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> in 1884, infuriated that the writer had accused his family of monopolizing the sugar trade. Adolph only stopped shooting when another \u003cem>Chronicle\u003c/em> employee shot him in the arm. Remarkably, Adolph was somehow found not guilty of attempted murder at the subsequent trial, even though his actions seemed premeditated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid='arts_13894842']If anything, Adolph's reputation improved after he married Alma, because of the charitable and philanthropic work she consistently engaged in once she was wealthy enough. Alma had been in a relationship with Adolph for five years before they married in 1908. Their honeymoon involved a trip around the world with him, but she took nothing for granted. At some point, she coined the term \"sugar daddy\" to affectionately describe her husband's generosity, completely unaware that the phrase would live on forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a title Adolph richly deserved, as he lavished his wife with extravagant gifts until his death in 1924. For Christmas one year, for example, Adolph gave Alma the Spreckels Mansion, which, having been completed in 1913, still stands at 2080 Washington Street. (Unfortunately, the house is no longer visible from the street, thanks to the\u003ca href=\"https://sf.curbed.com/2014/7/31/10065838/here-now-a-photo-tribute-to-danielle-steels-enormous-hedge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> enormous hedges\u003c/a> put in place by current owner, romance author \u003ca href=\"http://daniellesteel.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Danielle Steel\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_102797\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-102797\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-800x266.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-800x266.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-160x53.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-768x255.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-1020x339.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-960x319.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-240x80.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-375x125.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-520x173.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg.png 1158w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LEFT: the Spreckels mansion under the care of Alma; RIGHT: Danielle Steel's massive hedge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Spreckels mansion was not wasted on Alma. Not only did she throw frequent sumptuous parties, full of dancers, socialites, drag queens and, rumor has it, naked swimmers, but she also used it for charitable efforts. During both world wars and the great depression, when Alma wasn't holding high profile charity auctions at high end venues like San Francisco's ornate Palace Hotel, she did so out of her own home. Additionally, in World War II, her over-sized garage was set up to double as a bomb shelter. In tribute to her war efforts, the city of Caen, France gave her honorary citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid='pop_110017']It was a fateful trip to Europe in 1914, right before the outbreak of World War I, that culminated in Alma leaving her most meaningful marks on San Francisco, however. While on a vacation in Paris, she became friends with \u003ca href=\"http://www.musee-rodin.fr/en/collections/sculptures/age-bronze\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Auguste Rodin\u003c/a> and, totally enamored with his work, returned home with 13 of his bronze sculptures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While displaying them at the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Pacific_International_Exposition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1915 San Francisco World's Fair\u003c/a>, Alma fell in love with the Fair's French Pavilion—a three-quarter scale replica of Paris's \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_de_la_L%C3%A9gion_d%27Honneur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Palais de la Légion d'Honneur\u003c/a>. As the Fair, more formally known as the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, drew to a close, she became obsessed with the idea of setting up a permanent art museum in the city. Six years later, construction began on San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"https://legionofhonor.famsf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Legion of Honor\u003c/a>—an exact replica of the French Pavilion replica of the Palais—and both France and Romania donated works early. The day the Legion opened, France's Counsellor of State also awarded Alma with the Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_102796\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-102796 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-800x491.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-800x491.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-160x98.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-768x471.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-1020x626.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-1200x737.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-1920x1179.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-1180x724.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-960x589.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-240x147.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-375x230.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-520x319.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"The Thinker\" by Auguste Rodin at the Legion of Honor, San Francisco. The museum also contains work by Picasso, Rembrandt, Degas, Renoir, Monet, Cezanne and more. (Photo by: GABRIEL BOUYS/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the things that made Alma so very special—and unusual—is that her ability to come up with grandiose ideas was always paired with deeply practical ones. From the time that the Legion of Honor opened in 1924, Alma set up and ran high-end thrift stores, with all monies raised going towards funding the Museum. Similarly, during the great depression, she set up several more thrift stores to raise money for the war effort, only to later donate the shops to the Salvation Army. In addition, during World War II, Alma set up the San Francisco League for Servicemen, to get extra supplies to the army and navy. Alma even gave up a ranch in Sonoma County so that soldiers could use it as a recreational space in their downtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alma's final gift to the city was assisting in the construction and foundation of San Francisco's Maritime Museum, which opened in 1951.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The end of Alma's life was significantly quieter than the beginning. After her son died in 1961, she stopped socializing and retreated to the comforts of her mansion. She died in 1968 at the age of 87, of the very same thing that had killed Adolph 44 years earlier: pneumonia. Her funeral, described by the \u003cem>San Francisco Examiner\u003c/em> as \"perhaps the most opulent in the city's history,\" was held at her beloved Legion of Honor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After her death, paying tribute to Big Alma, the \u003cem>Honolulu Advertiser\u003c/em> called her, \"The grandest of grande dames—a lady who not only gave generously, but lived in high old style, paddling around in her Roman pool daily, nipping appreciatively at her pitcher of martinis, and always talking straight and dry.\" She was, the newspaper noted, \"A San Franciscan, true and through.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Spreckels was a nude model, generous philanthropist and art lover, who gave SF the Legion of Honor.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1636506882,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1293},"headData":{"title":"‘Big Alma’: The Philanthropist Firecracker Who Gave Us the Legion of Honor - KQED Pop","description":"Spreckels was a nude model, generous philanthropist and art lover, who gave SF the Legion of Honor.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"‘Big Alma’: The Philanthropist Firecracker Who Gave Us the Legion of Honor","datePublished":"2018-03-30T13:42:29.000Z","dateModified":"2021-11-10T01:14:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"102774 https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/?p=102774","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/2018/03/30/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-alma-de-bretteville-spreckels-philanthropist-firecracker/","disqusTitle":"‘Big Alma’: The Philanthropist Firecracker Who Gave Us the Legion of Honor","source":"Rebel Girls From Bay Area History","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/rebelgirls","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/2d4f3282-d7a2-4273-816c-ac25014a0e9c/audio.mp3","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/pop/102774/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-alma-de-bretteville-spreckels-philanthropist-firecracker","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you live or work in San Francisco, chances are you already know a little about what Alma de Bretteville Spreckels looked like. That's because the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey_Monument\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dewey Monument\u003c/a> in the center of Union Square is topped with a statue that, while supposed to represent the Goddess of Victory, was actually modeled after Alma. Sculptor Robert Ingersoll Aitken hired the 6ft tall beauty, nicknamed \"Big Alma\", to be his model in 1901—and it was a job that would utterly transform her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alma was born in 1881 to Danish immigrant parents with family ties to France. They raised her in San Francisco's Sunset District, back when it was still known as the \"Outside Lands\"—a name born from its rugged, sand dune-dominated landscape and sparse population. Early on, Alma acquired a solid work ethic, having watched her mother run three family businesses (a bakery, laundry service and massage parlor) out of their modest home. Alma dropped out of school at 14 to become a stenographer, but she knew early on that her true passions lay with the arts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_102799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-102799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-800x1142.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-800x1142.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-160x228.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-768x1097.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-1020x1456.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-840x1200.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-1920x2741.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-1180x1685.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-960x1371.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-240x343.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-375x535.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-508641746-520x742.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alma's likeness sits atop the Dewey Monument as the \"Goddess of Victory\" in the heart of Union Square. (Photo by Jason Kempin/ Getty Images for Bud Light)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After taking some classes at the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art (today's San Francisco Art Institute), Big Alma found herself—thanks to her imposing presence and statuesque figure—inundated with requests to pose for artists. Her willingness to pose nude made her popular, financially comfortable, and totally infamous. That infamy was exacerbated by the fact that she had once sued a boyfriend for \"personal defloweration,\" after he went back on his promise to marry her. (She won $1,250—about $30,000 in today's money.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being hired to model for the Dewey Monument wasn't just monumental because it would display Alma's likeness in the heart of San Francisco forever—even Theodore Roosevelt traveled from Washington D.C. for the unveiling in 1903—but it was also how she met her husband. Adolph Spreckels, son of sugar refinery entrepreneur, Claus Spreckels, and heir to a sizeable fortune, was on the Citizen's Committee responsible for funding the construction of the Dewey Monument. The moment he saw the Alma in real life, he was smitten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a 24-year age gap, Adolph and Alma were an excellent match. He was even more infamous than her when they met, \u003ca href=\"https://priceonomics.com/how-the-original-sugar-daddy-got-away-with-murder/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">having twice shot a journalist\u003c/a> at the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> in 1884, infuriated that the writer had accused his family of monopolizing the sugar trade. Adolph only stopped shooting when another \u003cem>Chronicle\u003c/em> employee shot him in the arm. Remarkably, Adolph was somehow found not guilty of attempted murder at the subsequent trial, even though his actions seemed premeditated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"arts_13894842","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If anything, Adolph's reputation improved after he married Alma, because of the charitable and philanthropic work she consistently engaged in once she was wealthy enough. Alma had been in a relationship with Adolph for five years before they married in 1908. Their honeymoon involved a trip around the world with him, but she took nothing for granted. At some point, she coined the term \"sugar daddy\" to affectionately describe her husband's generosity, completely unaware that the phrase would live on forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a title Adolph richly deserved, as he lavished his wife with extravagant gifts until his death in 1924. For Christmas one year, for example, Adolph gave Alma the Spreckels Mansion, which, having been completed in 1913, still stands at 2080 Washington Street. (Unfortunately, the house is no longer visible from the street, thanks to the\u003ca href=\"https://sf.curbed.com/2014/7/31/10065838/here-now-a-photo-tribute-to-danielle-steels-enormous-hedge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> enormous hedges\u003c/a> put in place by current owner, romance author \u003ca href=\"http://daniellesteel.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Danielle Steel\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_102797\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-102797\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-800x266.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-800x266.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-160x53.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-768x255.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-1020x339.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-960x319.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-240x80.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-375x125.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg-520x173.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DS-Hedge.jpg.png 1158w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LEFT: the Spreckels mansion under the care of Alma; RIGHT: Danielle Steel's massive hedge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Spreckels mansion was not wasted on Alma. Not only did she throw frequent sumptuous parties, full of dancers, socialites, drag queens and, rumor has it, naked swimmers, but she also used it for charitable efforts. During both world wars and the great depression, when Alma wasn't holding high profile charity auctions at high end venues like San Francisco's ornate Palace Hotel, she did so out of her own home. Additionally, in World War II, her over-sized garage was set up to double as a bomb shelter. In tribute to her war efforts, the city of Caen, France gave her honorary citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"pop_110017","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It was a fateful trip to Europe in 1914, right before the outbreak of World War I, that culminated in Alma leaving her most meaningful marks on San Francisco, however. While on a vacation in Paris, she became friends with \u003ca href=\"http://www.musee-rodin.fr/en/collections/sculptures/age-bronze\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Auguste Rodin\u003c/a> and, totally enamored with his work, returned home with 13 of his bronze sculptures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While displaying them at the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Pacific_International_Exposition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1915 San Francisco World's Fair\u003c/a>, Alma fell in love with the Fair's French Pavilion—a three-quarter scale replica of Paris's \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_de_la_L%C3%A9gion_d%27Honneur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Palais de la Légion d'Honneur\u003c/a>. As the Fair, more formally known as the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, drew to a close, she became obsessed with the idea of setting up a permanent art museum in the city. Six years later, construction began on San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"https://legionofhonor.famsf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Legion of Honor\u003c/a>—an exact replica of the French Pavilion replica of the Palais—and both France and Romania donated works early. The day the Legion opened, France's Counsellor of State also awarded Alma with the Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_102796\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-102796 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-800x491.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-800x491.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-160x98.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-768x471.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-1020x626.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-1200x737.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-1920x1179.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-1180x724.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-960x589.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-240x147.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-375x230.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/GettyImages-72896021-520x319.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"The Thinker\" by Auguste Rodin at the Legion of Honor, San Francisco. The museum also contains work by Picasso, Rembrandt, Degas, Renoir, Monet, Cezanne and more. (Photo by: GABRIEL BOUYS/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the things that made Alma so very special—and unusual—is that her ability to come up with grandiose ideas was always paired with deeply practical ones. From the time that the Legion of Honor opened in 1924, Alma set up and ran high-end thrift stores, with all monies raised going towards funding the Museum. Similarly, during the great depression, she set up several more thrift stores to raise money for the war effort, only to later donate the shops to the Salvation Army. In addition, during World War II, Alma set up the San Francisco League for Servicemen, to get extra supplies to the army and navy. Alma even gave up a ranch in Sonoma County so that soldiers could use it as a recreational space in their downtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alma's final gift to the city was assisting in the construction and foundation of San Francisco's Maritime Museum, which opened in 1951.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The end of Alma's life was significantly quieter than the beginning. After her son died in 1961, she stopped socializing and retreated to the comforts of her mansion. She died in 1968 at the age of 87, of the very same thing that had killed Adolph 44 years earlier: pneumonia. Her funeral, described by the \u003cem>San Francisco Examiner\u003c/em> as \"perhaps the most opulent in the city's history,\" was held at her beloved Legion of Honor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After her death, paying tribute to Big Alma, the \u003cem>Honolulu Advertiser\u003c/em> called her, \"The grandest of grande dames—a lady who not only gave generously, but lived in high old style, paddling around in her Roman pool daily, nipping appreciatively at her pitcher of martinis, and always talking straight and dry.\" She was, the newspaper noted, \"A San Franciscan, true and through.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/pop/102774/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-alma-de-bretteville-spreckels-philanthropist-firecracker","authors":["11242"],"programs":["pop_3828"],"categories":["pop_131","pop_2937"],"tags":["pop_3819","pop_3817","pop_3818","pop_3820","pop_3493","pop_3822","pop_2788","pop_3821"],"featImg":"pop_113169","label":"source_pop_102774"},"pop_102695":{"type":"posts","id":"pop_102695","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"pop","id":"102695","score":null,"sort":[1521833624000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-tsuyako-sox-kitashima-reparations-champion","title":"The Reparations Champion Who Became “Godmother of Japantown”","publishDate":1521833624,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Reparations Champion Who Became “Godmother of Japantown” | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The Kataoka family managed to hang on until May of 1942. It was then—three months after Franklin D. Roosevelt had signed \u003ca href=\"http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5154#:~:text=Authorizes%20Japanese%20Relocation-,Executive%20Order%209066%3A%20The%20President%20Authorizes%20Japanese%20Relocation,and%20resident%20aliens%20from%20Japan.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Executive Order 9066\u003c/a>—that they were forcibly removed from their home in Alameda County and thrown into a prison camp. Across the United States, 120,000 innocent Japanese Americans were suffering the same fate; more than 8,000 of them from the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kataokas were strawberry farmers from Centerville—a region that, today, is part of Fremont. Mom Yumi and her six children—three girls, three boys—had grown even closer since the death of her husband, Masajiro, just two years earlier. But their indefinite incarceration would test the family like never before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_102699\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-102699 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-800x976.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"976\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-800x976.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-160x195.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-768x937.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e.jpg 984w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-960x1171.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-240x293.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-375x457.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-520x634.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">120,000 Japanese-Americans were forced to live in internment camps for three and a half years, during World War II.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yumi’s fifth child, Tsuyako, was 23 at the time of their imprisonment and already a hard worker—she worked on the family farm, a local apricot farm, and in a doctor’s office. Tsuyako had earned the nickname “Sox” as a child—the result of her peers pronouncing her name incorrectly. For her, the family’s arrival at the Tanforan racetrack in San Bruno, where they would be forced to sleep in filthy horse stables, was the most humiliating moment of her life. Sox shared one stable with her mother and brothers; while her sisters and their families moved into a neighboring one. Before their imprisonment had even begun, the family had been forced to euthanize their dog and sell off their most prized possessions—including Sox’s beloved piano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four months in Tanforan, the Kataokas were moved to Block 16 of a “relocation center” in Topaz, Utah. Conditions were dire in Topaz too, but it was there that Sox found her feet and first became a real force to be reckoned with. She became an assistant block manager and acted as a messenger between residents and the camp’s government officials. And, for the three years she spent there, she fought for better conditions for her community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the first year, however, her entire family—except for one sister—was transferred to a different camp at Tule Lake in Oregon. But the separation served to strengthen the relationship between Sox and her boyfriend, Tom Kitashima, who was also imprisoned in Topaz. On August, 11, 1945, the couple married in the camp. And just over a month later, they were finally released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid=’arts_13884082′]With little to return to in Centerville, the newlyweds moved to an apartment on Bush Street in San Francisco. Sox’s new lines of work reflected her continuing desire to be of service. She worked at both the War Relocation Authority and the San Francisco Veteran’s Administration, stopping only to raise her son during the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was after her 1981 retirement, having lost her husband six years prior, that Sox threw herself even further into public service. She began volunteering with local organizations that were dear to her heart. One of her favorites was Japantown’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kimochi-inc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kimochi Inc,\u003c/a> which, to this day, dedicates itself to assisting thousands of seniors, both in its facility and in their own homes. Later, Sox also served on the city’s \u003ca href=\"http://sfbos.org/commission-aging-advisory-council\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Commission on Aging Advisory Council\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was when she became the spokesperson for the \u003ca href=\"http://encyclopedia.densho.org/National_Coalition_for_Redress/Reparations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Coalition for Redress and Reparations\u003c/a> that Sox’s dedication to good causes began to have a national impact. She made lobbying trips to Washington D.C., made public speaking appearances to talk about life in the camps, and she spearheaded letter writing campaigns. During one, she personally mailed over 8,000 letters to both President Ronald Reagan and Congress. “It has been very exciting for me,” she said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHchGFn81Os\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an interview at the time\u003c/a>. “I treasure every letter that I fold and put in the mail box.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took years of non-stop pressure, but President Reagan finally signed the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Liberties_Act_of_1988\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Civil Liberties Act\u003c/a> into law in 1988. Two years later, the first financial compensation was received by Japanese-American families. Checks for around $20,000 arrived, along with a letter of apology from President George Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A monetary sum and words alone cannot restore lost years or erase painful memories,” Bush wrote. “We can never fully right the wrongs of the past. But we can take a clear stand for justice and recognize that serious injustices were done to Japanese Americans during World War II.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid=’arts_13893514′]In 1998, Sox’s lifelong commitment to her community earned her a Free Spirit Award from \u003ca href=\"http://www.newseuminstitute.org/freedom-forum/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Freedom Forum\u003c/a> (“dedicated to free press, free speech, and free spirit”), as well as a respect and admiration that stretched far beyond the Japanese-American Bay Area community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have often called Sox the godmother of San Francisco Japantown because she took care of so many people in the Japanese American community and the Asian American community,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.jcch.com/node/67\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Carole Hayashino\u003c/a>, President & Executive Director of the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaii. “She was also an educator for our children. She spent a lot of time talking to students, sharing her experiences and the lessons of the Japanese American internment experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After her death in 2006 at the age of 87, Tsuyako “Sox” Kitashima’s memorial was held at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jcccnc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japanese Cultural and Community Center of Northern California\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/name/tsuyako-kitashima-obituary?pid=16155709&view=guestbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">online guestbook\u003c/a> speaks volumes about the number of lives she touched during hers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had the good fortune to meet Sox through an oral history program we developed at the school where I taught. Sox was a phenomenal resource,” wrote Larry Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regan Young of Alameda said: “Mrs. K … will always be my Pack 58 cub scout den mother, and the person who made sure the Jigoku’s/Wong’s Bait Shop/Angel’s softball teams never went hungry!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joane Chiedi sent best wishes from Washington DC: “Her energy and dedication to public service is an example for all to follow. She will truly be missed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After being forced into a Japanese internment camp during World War II, Tsuyako \"Sox\" Kitashima fought tirelessly for her community.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1682531121,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":1070},"headData":{"title":"The Reparations Champion Who Became “Godmother of Japantown” | KQED","description":"After being forced into a Japanese internment camp during World War II, Tsuyako "Sox" Kitashima fought tirelessly for her community.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Reparations Champion Who Became “Godmother of Japantown”","datePublished":"2018-03-23T19:33:44.000Z","dateModified":"2023-04-26T17:45:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Rebel Girls From Bay Area History","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/rebelgirls","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/6e255ca1-7133-4bcc-a6bd-ad28013472b9/audio.mp3","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/pop/102695/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-tsuyako-sox-kitashima-reparations-champion","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Kataoka family managed to hang on until May of 1942. It was then—three months after Franklin D. Roosevelt had signed \u003ca href=\"http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5154#:~:text=Authorizes%20Japanese%20Relocation-,Executive%20Order%209066%3A%20The%20President%20Authorizes%20Japanese%20Relocation,and%20resident%20aliens%20from%20Japan.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Executive Order 9066\u003c/a>—that they were forcibly removed from their home in Alameda County and thrown into a prison camp. Across the United States, 120,000 innocent Japanese Americans were suffering the same fate; more than 8,000 of them from the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kataokas were strawberry farmers from Centerville—a region that, today, is part of Fremont. Mom Yumi and her six children—three girls, three boys—had grown even closer since the death of her husband, Masajiro, just two years earlier. But their indefinite incarceration would test the family like never before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_102699\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-102699 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-800x976.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"976\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-800x976.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-160x195.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-768x937.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e.jpg 984w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-960x1171.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-240x293.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-375x457.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/DWcPLjAWsAA2o_e-520x634.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">120,000 Japanese-Americans were forced to live in internment camps for three and a half years, during World War II.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yumi’s fifth child, Tsuyako, was 23 at the time of their imprisonment and already a hard worker—she worked on the family farm, a local apricot farm, and in a doctor’s office. Tsuyako had earned the nickname “Sox” as a child—the result of her peers pronouncing her name incorrectly. For her, the family’s arrival at the Tanforan racetrack in San Bruno, where they would be forced to sleep in filthy horse stables, was the most humiliating moment of her life. Sox shared one stable with her mother and brothers; while her sisters and their families moved into a neighboring one. Before their imprisonment had even begun, the family had been forced to euthanize their dog and sell off their most prized possessions—including Sox’s beloved piano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four months in Tanforan, the Kataokas were moved to Block 16 of a “relocation center” in Topaz, Utah. Conditions were dire in Topaz too, but it was there that Sox found her feet and first became a real force to be reckoned with. She became an assistant block manager and acted as a messenger between residents and the camp’s government officials. And, for the three years she spent there, she fought for better conditions for her community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the first year, however, her entire family—except for one sister—was transferred to a different camp at Tule Lake in Oregon. But the separation served to strengthen the relationship between Sox and her boyfriend, Tom Kitashima, who was also imprisoned in Topaz. On August, 11, 1945, the couple married in the camp. And just over a month later, they were finally released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"’arts_13884082′","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>With little to return to in Centerville, the newlyweds moved to an apartment on Bush Street in San Francisco. Sox’s new lines of work reflected her continuing desire to be of service. She worked at both the War Relocation Authority and the San Francisco Veteran’s Administration, stopping only to raise her son during the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was after her 1981 retirement, having lost her husband six years prior, that Sox threw herself even further into public service. She began volunteering with local organizations that were dear to her heart. One of her favorites was Japantown’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kimochi-inc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kimochi Inc,\u003c/a> which, to this day, dedicates itself to assisting thousands of seniors, both in its facility and in their own homes. Later, Sox also served on the city’s \u003ca href=\"http://sfbos.org/commission-aging-advisory-council\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Commission on Aging Advisory Council\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was when she became the spokesperson for the \u003ca href=\"http://encyclopedia.densho.org/National_Coalition_for_Redress/Reparations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Coalition for Redress and Reparations\u003c/a> that Sox’s dedication to good causes began to have a national impact. She made lobbying trips to Washington D.C., made public speaking appearances to talk about life in the camps, and she spearheaded letter writing campaigns. During one, she personally mailed over 8,000 letters to both President Ronald Reagan and Congress. “It has been very exciting for me,” she said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHchGFn81Os\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an interview at the time\u003c/a>. “I treasure every letter that I fold and put in the mail box.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took years of non-stop pressure, but President Reagan finally signed the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Liberties_Act_of_1988\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Civil Liberties Act\u003c/a> into law in 1988. Two years later, the first financial compensation was received by Japanese-American families. Checks for around $20,000 arrived, along with a letter of apology from President George Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A monetary sum and words alone cannot restore lost years or erase painful memories,” Bush wrote. “We can never fully right the wrongs of the past. But we can take a clear stand for justice and recognize that serious injustices were done to Japanese Americans during World War II.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"’arts_13893514′","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In 1998, Sox’s lifelong commitment to her community earned her a Free Spirit Award from \u003ca href=\"http://www.newseuminstitute.org/freedom-forum/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Freedom Forum\u003c/a> (“dedicated to free press, free speech, and free spirit”), as well as a respect and admiration that stretched far beyond the Japanese-American Bay Area community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have often called Sox the godmother of San Francisco Japantown because she took care of so many people in the Japanese American community and the Asian American community,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.jcch.com/node/67\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Carole Hayashino\u003c/a>, President & Executive Director of the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaii. “She was also an educator for our children. She spent a lot of time talking to students, sharing her experiences and the lessons of the Japanese American internment experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After her death in 2006 at the age of 87, Tsuyako “Sox” Kitashima’s memorial was held at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jcccnc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japanese Cultural and Community Center of Northern California\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/name/tsuyako-kitashima-obituary?pid=16155709&view=guestbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">online guestbook\u003c/a> speaks volumes about the number of lives she touched during hers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had the good fortune to meet Sox through an oral history program we developed at the school where I taught. Sox was a phenomenal resource,” wrote Larry Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regan Young of Alameda said: “Mrs. K … will always be my Pack 58 cub scout den mother, and the person who made sure the Jigoku’s/Wong’s Bait Shop/Angel’s softball teams never went hungry!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joane Chiedi sent best wishes from Washington DC: “Her energy and dedication to public service is an example for all to follow. She will truly be missed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/pop/102695/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-tsuyako-sox-kitashima-reparations-champion","authors":["11242"],"programs":["pop_3828"],"categories":["pop_131","pop_2937"],"tags":["pop_122","pop_3493","pop_3822","pop_3823"],"featImg":"pop_113203","label":"source_pop_102695"},"pop_102633":{"type":"posts","id":"pop_102633","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"pop","id":"102633","score":null,"sort":[1521240527000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-sofia-mendoza-civil-rights-activist","title":"The Chicana Civil Rights Activist Who Helped Transform San Jose Housing","publishDate":1521240527,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Rebel Girls from Bay Area History | KQED Pop | KQED Arts","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>If there are true melting pots thriving in the Bay Area today, at least some of them are within San Jose's city limits. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2011/03/25/san-joses-edenvale-neighborhood-among-the-most-diversely-populated-in-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The diversity index holds up the Edenvale neighborhood\u003c/a> in the southeast part of the city as a prime example. Its demographics are 47 percent Latino, 31 percent Asian, 16 percent white, and 3 percent African American, earning it a score of 81.6 out of 100 on the diversity index. It's a far cry from the San Jose Sofía Mendoza knew while living there in the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 1920 and 1945,\u003ca href=\"http://www.thisbridgecalledcyberspace.net/FILES/3038.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> renting or selling to the Latino community\u003c/a> of San Jose was largely stigmatized. Most neighborhoods had pacts preventing it from happening, thereby purposely segregating the community onto the east side of the city. Public services were grossly neglected in these neighborhoods, leaving residents with poor street lighting, crumbling sidewalks, sub-par sewage systems, and little to no public transport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid='pop_102695']\"Before I moved to East San Jose,\" Mendoza once explained, \"I heard that everybody that was bad lived in East San Jose. Everybody that was poor lived in East San Jose. The schools in East San Jose were no good. I never heard anything good about it. Never. When you drove around, without knowing it, just by appearance, what they were saying was true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1960s, the wretched living conditions had a galvanizing effect on some residents, including Mendoza. (It's worth noting that legendary labor leader César Chávez was also living in the part of town known as \"Sal Si Puedes,\" which translates to “Get out if you can.”) A product of her environment and her parents—Mendoza's father had been a labor organizer since the 1930s—Sofía's first social justice battles were inspired once she had a family of her own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mother to two daughters and a son, Mendoza noticed that, like the rest of the Mexican American-dominated Eastside, some local schools were woefully underfunded and, even worse, run by openly racist faculties. Her son, who attended Roosevelt Junior High, was banned from speaking Spanish on campus; he and his friends were subjected to racial epithets by teachers; corporal punishment was commonplace; and he and his Mexican American classmates were denied reading materials. When she found out that \u003ca href=\"http://www.thisbridgecalledcyberspace.net/FILES/3038.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">children were being expelled and sent to juvenile detention\u003c/a> for minor infractions, Mendoza sprang into action and started rallying other Latino parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the families' complaints fell on deaf ears with Roosevelt Junior High's PTA, Mendoza organized a walkout and picket line, followed by a rally the following week. Surrounding communities and the school board were so horrified by what they heard about the treatment of the children that almost all of the school's teaching staff (the principal, vice principal, and 36 teachers) immediately lost their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With such quick, sweeping change, Mendoza began to understand her own organizational power and quickly turned her attention to law enforcement. In a later\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2015/03/17/community-organizer-sofia-mendoza-saw-inequality-up-close-and-personal-and-let-everyone-know-she-saw-it/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> interview with Santa Clara University,\u003c/a> she recalled: \"I saw cops kicking down doors in the Eastside. I saw policemen stopping people for traffic infractions at gunpoint. I saw this with my own eyes, and nobody can say I didn't see it. I saw it because I was out in the streets a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid='arts_13893514']In protest, Mendoza and 2,000 allies marched to City Hall to draw attention to the police brutality. Unconvinced that action was being taken to tackle overzealous law enforcement quickly enough, she helped set up San Jose's Community Alert Patrol in 1968, alongside her neighbors, including members of the clergy and \u003ca href=\"http://www.historylosgatos.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15449coll6/id/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tom Ferrito\u003c/a>, who went on to become Mayor of Los Gatos in 1980. It was essentially a sort of Neighborhood Watch—only, instead of keeping an eye out for the activities of criminals, volunteers kept watch over the police instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About 200 people were involved in it,” activist Fred Hirsch \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zop77bWOck\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explained in a 2015 talk\u003c/a>. “We put out three or four cars each weekend night and holiday occasions. We’d have three people in the car. We did our best to get complete diversity among the people in terms of ethnicity… We also monitored community events, and we were not at all immune to the actions of the police department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza's scrutiny of law enforcement continued for the rest of her life. Here she is, in 2009, acting as a member of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/3150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Independent Police Auditor Advisory Committee\u003c/a>—an organization that came into being, in part, because of her campaigning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-102648 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-2.07.30-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"605\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-2.07.30-PM.png 605w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-2.07.30-PM-160x109.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-2.07.30-PM-240x163.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-2.07.30-PM-375x255.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-2.07.30-PM-520x354.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 605px) 100vw, 605px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1970s, Mendoza had become a much-beloved force in her community. She battled San Jose's Redevelopment Agency when her neighbors were suffering mass evictions. She was active in assisting Chilean refugees settle in the city, as they escaped the military coup of Augusto Pinochet. She was active in getting East San Jose its first health clinics. She led the Mexican American community in fighting for voting rights. Like her neighbor César Chávez, and her father before her, she also became involved in farmworker unionization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above all else, Mendoza's entire life was spent in service to the community. She founded United People Arriba, an organization that helped unify and galvanize activists in their own communities. Later in her life, she served as a social worker, a member of the board of directors at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.4c.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Community Child Care Council\u003c/a>, and a community organizer for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsaca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Family Service Association of Santa Clara County\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout it all, Mendoza retained an impressive sense of humility. After her death in 2015, at the age of 80, Nannette Regua, a history teacher she had mentored, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/03/17/womens-history-month-remembering-chicana-activist-sofia-mendoza/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said of Mendoza\u003c/a>: “She never said, ‘I did this.' She never said, ‘I led these community organizers.’ It was always, ‘We.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The beloved community organizer battled for better schools, a fairer police force, and Hispanic rights.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1636507116,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1006},"headData":{"title":"The Chicana Civil Rights Activist Who Helped Transform San Jose Housing - KQED Pop","description":"The beloved community organizer battled for better schools, a fairer police force, and Hispanic rights.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Chicana Civil Rights Activist Who Helped Transform San Jose Housing","datePublished":"2018-03-16T22:48:47.000Z","dateModified":"2021-11-10T01:18:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"102633 https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/?p=102633","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/2018/03/16/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-sofia-mendoza-civil-rights-activist/","disqusTitle":"The Chicana Civil Rights Activist Who Helped Transform San Jose Housing","source":"Rebel Girls From Bay Area History","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/rebelgirls","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/6e6b09bc-9eac-4541-b5aa-adc5013b2508/audio.mp3","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/pop/102633/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-sofia-mendoza-civil-rights-activist","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If there are true melting pots thriving in the Bay Area today, at least some of them are within San Jose's city limits. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2011/03/25/san-joses-edenvale-neighborhood-among-the-most-diversely-populated-in-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The diversity index holds up the Edenvale neighborhood\u003c/a> in the southeast part of the city as a prime example. Its demographics are 47 percent Latino, 31 percent Asian, 16 percent white, and 3 percent African American, earning it a score of 81.6 out of 100 on the diversity index. It's a far cry from the San Jose Sofía Mendoza knew while living there in the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 1920 and 1945,\u003ca href=\"http://www.thisbridgecalledcyberspace.net/FILES/3038.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> renting or selling to the Latino community\u003c/a> of San Jose was largely stigmatized. Most neighborhoods had pacts preventing it from happening, thereby purposely segregating the community onto the east side of the city. Public services were grossly neglected in these neighborhoods, leaving residents with poor street lighting, crumbling sidewalks, sub-par sewage systems, and little to no public transport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"pop_102695","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"Before I moved to East San Jose,\" Mendoza once explained, \"I heard that everybody that was bad lived in East San Jose. Everybody that was poor lived in East San Jose. The schools in East San Jose were no good. I never heard anything good about it. Never. When you drove around, without knowing it, just by appearance, what they were saying was true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1960s, the wretched living conditions had a galvanizing effect on some residents, including Mendoza. (It's worth noting that legendary labor leader César Chávez was also living in the part of town known as \"Sal Si Puedes,\" which translates to “Get out if you can.”) A product of her environment and her parents—Mendoza's father had been a labor organizer since the 1930s—Sofía's first social justice battles were inspired once she had a family of her own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mother to two daughters and a son, Mendoza noticed that, like the rest of the Mexican American-dominated Eastside, some local schools were woefully underfunded and, even worse, run by openly racist faculties. Her son, who attended Roosevelt Junior High, was banned from speaking Spanish on campus; he and his friends were subjected to racial epithets by teachers; corporal punishment was commonplace; and he and his Mexican American classmates were denied reading materials. When she found out that \u003ca href=\"http://www.thisbridgecalledcyberspace.net/FILES/3038.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">children were being expelled and sent to juvenile detention\u003c/a> for minor infractions, Mendoza sprang into action and started rallying other Latino parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the families' complaints fell on deaf ears with Roosevelt Junior High's PTA, Mendoza organized a walkout and picket line, followed by a rally the following week. Surrounding communities and the school board were so horrified by what they heard about the treatment of the children that almost all of the school's teaching staff (the principal, vice principal, and 36 teachers) immediately lost their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With such quick, sweeping change, Mendoza began to understand her own organizational power and quickly turned her attention to law enforcement. In a later\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2015/03/17/community-organizer-sofia-mendoza-saw-inequality-up-close-and-personal-and-let-everyone-know-she-saw-it/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> interview with Santa Clara University,\u003c/a> she recalled: \"I saw cops kicking down doors in the Eastside. I saw policemen stopping people for traffic infractions at gunpoint. I saw this with my own eyes, and nobody can say I didn't see it. I saw it because I was out in the streets a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"arts_13893514","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In protest, Mendoza and 2,000 allies marched to City Hall to draw attention to the police brutality. Unconvinced that action was being taken to tackle overzealous law enforcement quickly enough, she helped set up San Jose's Community Alert Patrol in 1968, alongside her neighbors, including members of the clergy and \u003ca href=\"http://www.historylosgatos.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15449coll6/id/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tom Ferrito\u003c/a>, who went on to become Mayor of Los Gatos in 1980. It was essentially a sort of Neighborhood Watch—only, instead of keeping an eye out for the activities of criminals, volunteers kept watch over the police instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About 200 people were involved in it,” activist Fred Hirsch \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zop77bWOck\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explained in a 2015 talk\u003c/a>. “We put out three or four cars each weekend night and holiday occasions. We’d have three people in the car. We did our best to get complete diversity among the people in terms of ethnicity… We also monitored community events, and we were not at all immune to the actions of the police department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza's scrutiny of law enforcement continued for the rest of her life. Here she is, in 2009, acting as a member of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/3150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Independent Police Auditor Advisory Committee\u003c/a>—an organization that came into being, in part, because of her campaigning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-102648 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-2.07.30-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"605\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-2.07.30-PM.png 605w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-2.07.30-PM-160x109.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-2.07.30-PM-240x163.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-2.07.30-PM-375x255.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-2.07.30-PM-520x354.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 605px) 100vw, 605px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1970s, Mendoza had become a much-beloved force in her community. She battled San Jose's Redevelopment Agency when her neighbors were suffering mass evictions. She was active in assisting Chilean refugees settle in the city, as they escaped the military coup of Augusto Pinochet. She was active in getting East San Jose its first health clinics. She led the Mexican American community in fighting for voting rights. Like her neighbor César Chávez, and her father before her, she also became involved in farmworker unionization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above all else, Mendoza's entire life was spent in service to the community. She founded United People Arriba, an organization that helped unify and galvanize activists in their own communities. Later in her life, she served as a social worker, a member of the board of directors at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.4c.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Community Child Care Council\u003c/a>, and a community organizer for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsaca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Family Service Association of Santa Clara County\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout it all, Mendoza retained an impressive sense of humility. After her death in 2015, at the age of 80, Nannette Regua, a history teacher she had mentored, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/03/17/womens-history-month-remembering-chicana-activist-sofia-mendoza/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said of Mendoza\u003c/a>: “She never said, ‘I did this.' She never said, ‘I led these community organizers.’ It was always, ‘We.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/pop/102633/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-sofia-mendoza-civil-rights-activist","authors":["11242"],"programs":["pop_3828"],"categories":["pop_131","pop_2937"],"tags":["pop_3493","pop_3822","pop_3613"],"featImg":"pop_113154","label":"source_pop_102633"},"pop_102326":{"type":"posts","id":"pop_102326","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"pop","id":"102326","score":null,"sort":[1520629971000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-delilah-l-beasley-pioneering-journalist","title":"The Oakland Tribune Journalist Who Highlighted Black Excellence","publishDate":1520629971,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Rebel Girls from Bay Area History | KQED Pop | KQED Arts","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In 1923, the \u003cem>Oakland Tribune\u003c/em> started a groundbreaking new weekly column. \"Activities Among Negroes\" was authored by Delilah L. Beasley, a writer unwilling to waste even an inch of her column space. In her writing, Beasley not only bucked racist stereotypes by putting an emphasis on achievements in the African American community, but also managed to shine a light on the barriers that people of color—and women—faced in their everyday lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when she was writing about local issues, Beasley's vision was big picture. She had an instinct and understanding that her column had the potential to act as a direct line to both the white establishment, which could affect legal change, and the average white household, which might encourage a social one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beasley's expansive way of looking at the world undoubtedly helped her through an extraordinary number of hardships earlier in her life. Beasley was born September 9, shortly after the end of the Civil War, in either 1867 or 1871. In her teens, after both of her parents died, she and her four siblings were separated, and Beasley was forced to drop out of school and become a maid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid='arts_13892514']Determined to improve her position, Beasley studied hydrotherapy, medical gymnastics, and diagnosis, and became a massage therapist. Over the years, she worked in Chicago, New York, and Michigan, in both sanitariums and resorts, where, for a time, her specialty was giving head massages to pregnant women. She eventually settled in Berkeley in 1910 to work as a nurse for a former patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite her focus on physical therapy, Beasley's journalistic ambitions started when she was very young. Her work was accepted early on by both African American newspapers—like the \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cleveland_Gazette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cleveland Gazette \u003c/a>\u003c/em>and the \u003ca href=\"https://localwiki.org/oakland/Oakland_Sunshine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Oakland Sunshine\u003c/em>\u003c/a>—and white ones, like the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cincinnati_Enquirer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Cincinnati Enquirer\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straddling racial divisions in the press was not always easy for Beasley. After writing about the legendarily racist film \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0004972/?ref_=nv_sr_2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Birth of a Nation\u003c/em> \u003c/a>for the \u003cem>Oakland Tribune\u003c/em> in 1915, she had to follow it up with a piece in \u003cem>Oakland Sunshine\u003c/em> defending her decision to do so. “News of special interest to us as a people ought to be discussed in our own papers among ourselves,\" she wrote. \"But, if a bit of news would have a tendency to better our position in the community, then it should not only be published in our own race papers, but in the papers of the other race as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1919, Beasley self-published her book \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Negro-Trail-Blazers-California/dp/1594625921\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>The Negro Trail-Blazers of California\u003c/em>,\u003c/a> which she had painstakingly researched over the course of nine years, prompted by history lessons she took at the University of California, Berkeley. Publishing the book herself was a risk that put her in debt for three years, but one that paid off in a larger sense, giving a voice to the black pioneers who had largely been written out of history. The book remains widely available today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid='arts_13883630']The determination Beasley showed in making sure her book was published and distributed carried over into every facet of her life. After being hired by the \u003cem>Oakland Tribune\u003c/em>, aware of her unusual leverage, she routinely traveled around the country to persuade the editors of major newspapers everywhere to stop using racist language in print. She also stepped up to regularly speak at rallies and protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So determined was Beasley to advance the rights of African Americans and women, she joined just about every civic club she could find. These included the NAACP, the Alameda County League of Women Voters, the National Association of Colored Women, the Alameda County League of Colored Women Voters, the Public Welfare League of Alameda County, the League of Nations Association of the California Federated Women's Club, the Oakland Council of Church Women, and the Linden Center Young Women's Christian Association. On top of all that, she was also the President of the Far Western Inter-Racial Committee at the Oakland Museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_102504\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 284px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-102504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/5e323df987965e2fef6a36fb20f86ac5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"284\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/5e323df987965e2fef6a36fb20f86ac5.jpg 284w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/5e323df987965e2fef6a36fb20f86ac5-160x214.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/5e323df987965e2fef6a36fb20f86ac5-240x320.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 'Activities Among Negroes' column from 1933, written by Delilah L. Beasley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A group of young black women in the East Bay were so inspired by Beasley's commitment to these groups, they formed one of their own, named after her. Rodger Streitmatter's 1994 book \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Raising-Her-Voice-African-American-Journalists/dp/0813108306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Raising Her Voice: African-American Women Journalists Who Changed History\u003c/em>\u003c/a> notes that: \"Members defined their purpose by choosing a word to correspond to each letter in the name D-E-L-I-L-A-H L. B-E-A-S-L-E-Y: Deeds Ever Lasting In Lending A Hand. Let’s Be Ever Alert Serving Lovingly Every Year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beasley's activism and simultaneous work as a reporter sometimes meant that she found herself having to report on her own achievements. On such occasions, her humility shone through her text. \"There was introduced Friday January 27 in the California Legislature an Anti-Lunching Bill at the request of this writer,\" she wrote in 1933. \"This writer knowing that the editors of the \u003cem>Oakland Tribune\u003c/em> have for 20 years fought lynching through some editorials, decided to ask Assemblyman Wm. Knewland, assistant publisher of \u003cem>The Tribune\u003c/em> to jointly introduce the bill with Assemblyman Frederick Madison Roberts of Los Angeles… Many women’s organizations endorsed the intentions of this writer to have this bill introduced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beasley continued writing her column for the \u003cem>Tribune\u003c/em> until her death in 1934. Buried in the Y section of \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Mary_Cemetery_(Oakland,_California)\">St. Mary's Cemetery\u003c/a> in Oakland, her tombstone offers simply her name and dates. Beasley's own words might have proved a more fitting tribute to her tenacious trailblazing. \"Ever life casts its shadow,\" she once wrote, \"my life plus others make a peer to move the world. I, therefore, pledge my life to the living world of brotherhood and mutual understanding between the races.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113331\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 559px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-113331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2020-08-22-at-6.57.24-PM.png\" alt=\"Delilah Leontium Beasley's simple headstone at St. Mary's Cemetery, Oakland. (Section Y, Plot 15, 52.)\" width=\"559\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2020-08-22-at-6.57.24-PM.png 559w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2020-08-22-at-6.57.24-PM-160x133.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Delilah Leontium Beasley's simple headstone at St. Mary's Cemetery, Oakland. (Section Y, Plot 15, 56.) \u003ccite>(Rae Alexandra)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Beasley used her pen as a weapon in the fight for equality.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1643242875,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1021},"headData":{"title":"The Oakland Tribune Journalist Who Highlighted Black Excellence - KQED Pop","description":"Beasley used her pen as a weapon in the fight for equality.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Oakland Tribune Journalist Who Highlighted Black Excellence","datePublished":"2018-03-09T21:12:51.000Z","dateModified":"2022-01-27T00:21:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"102326 https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/?p=102326","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/2018/03/09/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-delilah-l-beasley-pioneering-journalist/","disqusTitle":"The Oakland Tribune Journalist Who Highlighted Black Excellence","source":"Rebel Girls From Bay Area History","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/rebelgirls","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/55a70a5b-e9da-44b0-b99a-abe9012432ce/audio.mp3","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/pop/102326/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-delilah-l-beasley-pioneering-journalist","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 1923, the \u003cem>Oakland Tribune\u003c/em> started a groundbreaking new weekly column. \"Activities Among Negroes\" was authored by Delilah L. Beasley, a writer unwilling to waste even an inch of her column space. In her writing, Beasley not only bucked racist stereotypes by putting an emphasis on achievements in the African American community, but also managed to shine a light on the barriers that people of color—and women—faced in their everyday lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when she was writing about local issues, Beasley's vision was big picture. She had an instinct and understanding that her column had the potential to act as a direct line to both the white establishment, which could affect legal change, and the average white household, which might encourage a social one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beasley's expansive way of looking at the world undoubtedly helped her through an extraordinary number of hardships earlier in her life. Beasley was born September 9, shortly after the end of the Civil War, in either 1867 or 1871. In her teens, after both of her parents died, she and her four siblings were separated, and Beasley was forced to drop out of school and become a maid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"arts_13892514","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Determined to improve her position, Beasley studied hydrotherapy, medical gymnastics, and diagnosis, and became a massage therapist. Over the years, she worked in Chicago, New York, and Michigan, in both sanitariums and resorts, where, for a time, her specialty was giving head massages to pregnant women. She eventually settled in Berkeley in 1910 to work as a nurse for a former patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite her focus on physical therapy, Beasley's journalistic ambitions started when she was very young. Her work was accepted early on by both African American newspapers—like the \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cleveland_Gazette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cleveland Gazette \u003c/a>\u003c/em>and the \u003ca href=\"https://localwiki.org/oakland/Oakland_Sunshine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Oakland Sunshine\u003c/em>\u003c/a>—and white ones, like the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cincinnati_Enquirer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Cincinnati Enquirer\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straddling racial divisions in the press was not always easy for Beasley. After writing about the legendarily racist film \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0004972/?ref_=nv_sr_2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Birth of a Nation\u003c/em> \u003c/a>for the \u003cem>Oakland Tribune\u003c/em> in 1915, she had to follow it up with a piece in \u003cem>Oakland Sunshine\u003c/em> defending her decision to do so. “News of special interest to us as a people ought to be discussed in our own papers among ourselves,\" she wrote. \"But, if a bit of news would have a tendency to better our position in the community, then it should not only be published in our own race papers, but in the papers of the other race as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1919, Beasley self-published her book \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Negro-Trail-Blazers-California/dp/1594625921\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>The Negro Trail-Blazers of California\u003c/em>,\u003c/a> which she had painstakingly researched over the course of nine years, prompted by history lessons she took at the University of California, Berkeley. Publishing the book herself was a risk that put her in debt for three years, but one that paid off in a larger sense, giving a voice to the black pioneers who had largely been written out of history. The book remains widely available today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"arts_13883630","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The determination Beasley showed in making sure her book was published and distributed carried over into every facet of her life. After being hired by the \u003cem>Oakland Tribune\u003c/em>, aware of her unusual leverage, she routinely traveled around the country to persuade the editors of major newspapers everywhere to stop using racist language in print. She also stepped up to regularly speak at rallies and protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So determined was Beasley to advance the rights of African Americans and women, she joined just about every civic club she could find. These included the NAACP, the Alameda County League of Women Voters, the National Association of Colored Women, the Alameda County League of Colored Women Voters, the Public Welfare League of Alameda County, the League of Nations Association of the California Federated Women's Club, the Oakland Council of Church Women, and the Linden Center Young Women's Christian Association. On top of all that, she was also the President of the Far Western Inter-Racial Committee at the Oakland Museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_102504\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 284px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-102504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/5e323df987965e2fef6a36fb20f86ac5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"284\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/5e323df987965e2fef6a36fb20f86ac5.jpg 284w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/5e323df987965e2fef6a36fb20f86ac5-160x214.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/5e323df987965e2fef6a36fb20f86ac5-240x320.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 'Activities Among Negroes' column from 1933, written by Delilah L. Beasley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A group of young black women in the East Bay were so inspired by Beasley's commitment to these groups, they formed one of their own, named after her. Rodger Streitmatter's 1994 book \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Raising-Her-Voice-African-American-Journalists/dp/0813108306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Raising Her Voice: African-American Women Journalists Who Changed History\u003c/em>\u003c/a> notes that: \"Members defined their purpose by choosing a word to correspond to each letter in the name D-E-L-I-L-A-H L. B-E-A-S-L-E-Y: Deeds Ever Lasting In Lending A Hand. Let’s Be Ever Alert Serving Lovingly Every Year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beasley's activism and simultaneous work as a reporter sometimes meant that she found herself having to report on her own achievements. On such occasions, her humility shone through her text. \"There was introduced Friday January 27 in the California Legislature an Anti-Lunching Bill at the request of this writer,\" she wrote in 1933. \"This writer knowing that the editors of the \u003cem>Oakland Tribune\u003c/em> have for 20 years fought lynching through some editorials, decided to ask Assemblyman Wm. Knewland, assistant publisher of \u003cem>The Tribune\u003c/em> to jointly introduce the bill with Assemblyman Frederick Madison Roberts of Los Angeles… Many women’s organizations endorsed the intentions of this writer to have this bill introduced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beasley continued writing her column for the \u003cem>Tribune\u003c/em> until her death in 1934. Buried in the Y section of \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Mary_Cemetery_(Oakland,_California)\">St. Mary's Cemetery\u003c/a> in Oakland, her tombstone offers simply her name and dates. Beasley's own words might have proved a more fitting tribute to her tenacious trailblazing. \"Ever life casts its shadow,\" she once wrote, \"my life plus others make a peer to move the world. I, therefore, pledge my life to the living world of brotherhood and mutual understanding between the races.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113331\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 559px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-113331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2020-08-22-at-6.57.24-PM.png\" alt=\"Delilah Leontium Beasley's simple headstone at St. Mary's Cemetery, Oakland. (Section Y, Plot 15, 52.)\" width=\"559\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2020-08-22-at-6.57.24-PM.png 559w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/12/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2020-08-22-at-6.57.24-PM-160x133.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Delilah Leontium Beasley's simple headstone at St. Mary's Cemetery, Oakland. (Section Y, Plot 15, 56.) \u003ccite>(Rae Alexandra)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For stories on other Rebel Girls from Bay Area History, click \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/pop/102326/rebel-girls-from-bay-area-history-delilah-l-beasley-pioneering-journalist","authors":["11242"],"programs":["pop_3828"],"categories":["pop_131","pop_2937"],"tags":["pop_3837","pop_761","pop_3824","pop_3493","pop_3822"],"featImg":"pop_113155","label":"source_pop_102326"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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