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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Monday, July 6, 2026\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Black English is older than America herself. The language is rooted in African American history and has become ubiquitous on social media and pop culture, yet it hasn’t been embraced in the classroom. But one Bay Area woman wants to\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12088910/these-advocates-say-black-english-belongs-in-preschool-classrooms\"> support Black English starting in the early years.\u003c/a> \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Salinas is temporarily putting the brakes on new tobacco retailers. The move comes as city leaders consider stricter rules to prevent children from accessing tobacco products.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2 class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-Title-__Title__title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12088910/these-advocates-say-black-english-belongs-in-preschool-classrooms\">\u003cstrong>These advocates say Black English belongs in preschool classrooms\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Whether at home or at work as a policy strategist and university lecturer, Ashley Williams said she feels relaxed sliding between Black English and standard English. She didn’t feel comfortable communicating this way growing up in South Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams said that when she was 3 or 4 years old, her grandmother would correct the way she pronounced words like “napkin” whenever she dropped the “p” sound. Her older sister and cousin also told her the way she spoke: “amongst our community wasn’t OK at the schoolhouse.” Generations of Black children grew up learning that their home language wasn’t acceptable in school or the workplace. Many internalized the belief that Black English — sometimes referred to as African American Vernacular English, or AAVE, African American language or Ebonics — is bad English, loaded with slang and grammatical errors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But with that comes a lot of shame and embarrassment because you’re being constantly corrected when you’re still in a moment when you’re just learning language,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams wants to change that. As co-founder of Black Californians United for Early Care & Education, she’s part of a movement to get preschool teachers and caregivers to \u003ca href=\"https://blackece.org/blackenglish/\">affirm Black English\u003c/a> as a way to build children’s early literacy skills and honor their cultural identity. The work is personal for Williams because she doesn’t want her 2-year-old son to experience what she went through as a child. “I don’t want my son to walk into any room and feel like his voice is not valued or his perspective can’t be heard because he’s not saying it in one way or the other,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last year and a half, the advocacy group, also known as BlackECE, has offered professional development training to spread the word about the importance of supporting Black English speakers the same way they support dual language learners, children who are learning two or more languages simultaneously. In California, most children under age 5 are dual language learners and the state’s Master Plan for Early Learning and Care, which was released by Gov. Gavin Newsom in 2020, recognizes \u003ca href=\"https://californiaforallkids.chhs.ca.gov/assets/pdfs/CA%20For%20All%20Kids%20-%20Master%20Plan%20Knowledge%20Brief%20-%20DLL.pdf\">the opportunity to develop bilingualism during the early years\u003c/a>, when children’s brains are developing rapidly. It calls on educators to affirm children’s home language even as they’re learning standard English in the classroom. The 10-year road map lays out specific recommendations, such as training the workforce to support dual language learners to foster bilingualism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BlackECE, along with \u003ca href=\"https://earlyedgecalifornia.org/early-edge-policy-corner-advancing-language-justice-the-black-english-language-workgroup/\">other early childhood advocacy groups\u003c/a> and education experts, said those recommendations should also apply to children who speak Black English. “We talk about multilinguals, but we don’t include Black children who may be African-American English speakers,” said Xigrid Soto-Boykin, an early childhood language expert at Arizona State University. “We completely miss this subgroup of children that could also benefit from their language backgrounds to be sustained, but also to be leveraged for their own learning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Training educators to recognize the legitimacy of Black English is important, she said, because although elements of the language have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dw0ifECyfPI\">embraced by young people\u003c/a> and popularized around the world, misperceptions persist. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885200623000856\">Soto-Boykin co-authored a 2023 study\u003c/a> that found that white early childhood educators who were familiar with Black English or received training to support children from linguistically and culturally diverse backgrounds were more likely to have positive views about the language. Those with less knowledge or training were more likely to believe that it hinders students’ achievement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"ArtP-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kcbx.org/health-science-and-technology/2026-07-01/salinas-takes-a-breather-from-opening-new-smoke-shops\">\u003cstrong>Salinas takes a breather from opening new smoke shops\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Salinas City Council has approved a temporary moratorium on new tobacco retailer licenses as officials consider stricter rules aimed at reducing youth access to tobacco products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The urgency ordinance, adopted unanimously last week, immediately pauses the issuance of new tobacco retailer licenses for 45 days. Existing tobacco businesses may continue operating, and current license holders will still be allowed to renew their permits. City officials said the temporary freeze will give staff time to study potential long-term regulations, including buffer zones between tobacco retailers and schools or parks, and limits on the number of tobacco retailers citywide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of March 2026, Salinas had 124 licensed tobacco retailers, and the city currently has no limits on how many tobacco retailers may operate or their proximity to schools, parks, recreation centers or other places where children gather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Gloria De La Rosa said one of the council’s priorities is protecting children. “These smoke shops to me, they do not belong in proximity to youth populated areas like schools, parks and recreation and centers,” De La Rosa said during Tuesday’s meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Margaret D’Arrigo said data showing smoke shops and vape stores have some of the highest rates of illegal tobacco sales to minors, reinforced the need for action. Vape stores throughout California sold tobacco products to young people at double the statewide average,\u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DCDIC/CTCB/CDPH%20Document%20Library/ResearchandEvaluation/FactsandFigures/STPS-Factsheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> according to a 2025 survey by the California Department of Public Health. \u003c/a>“I think that’s the number one reason to get this thing put to bed because that is not the population that we want to be providing tobacco to,” D’Arrigo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City staff are expected to return to the council in August with recommendations on possible permanent regulations. According to the city, the moratorium may be extended if additional time is needed to complete the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Correction: An earlier version of this story incorrectly identified Xigrid Soto-Boykin as the director of the Children’s Equity Project at Arizona State University. She is a researcher and the director of language justice and learning equity at the Children’s Equity Project.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Monday, July 6, 2026\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Black English is older than America herself. The language is rooted in African American history and has become ubiquitous on social media and pop culture, yet it hasn’t been embraced in the classroom. But one Bay Area woman wants to\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12088910/these-advocates-say-black-english-belongs-in-preschool-classrooms\"> support Black English starting in the early years.\u003c/a> \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Salinas is temporarily putting the brakes on new tobacco retailers. The move comes as city leaders consider stricter rules to prevent children from accessing tobacco products.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2 class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-Title-__Title__title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12088910/these-advocates-say-black-english-belongs-in-preschool-classrooms\">\u003cstrong>These advocates say Black English belongs in preschool classrooms\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Whether at home or at work as a policy strategist and university lecturer, Ashley Williams said she feels relaxed sliding between Black English and standard English. She didn’t feel comfortable communicating this way growing up in South Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams said that when she was 3 or 4 years old, her grandmother would correct the way she pronounced words like “napkin” whenever she dropped the “p” sound. Her older sister and cousin also told her the way she spoke: “amongst our community wasn’t OK at the schoolhouse.” Generations of Black children grew up learning that their home language wasn’t acceptable in school or the workplace. Many internalized the belief that Black English — sometimes referred to as African American Vernacular English, or AAVE, African American language or Ebonics — is bad English, loaded with slang and grammatical errors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But with that comes a lot of shame and embarrassment because you’re being constantly corrected when you’re still in a moment when you’re just learning language,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams wants to change that. As co-founder of Black Californians United for Early Care & Education, she’s part of a movement to get preschool teachers and caregivers to \u003ca href=\"https://blackece.org/blackenglish/\">affirm Black English\u003c/a> as a way to build children’s early literacy skills and honor their cultural identity. The work is personal for Williams because she doesn’t want her 2-year-old son to experience what she went through as a child. “I don’t want my son to walk into any room and feel like his voice is not valued or his perspective can’t be heard because he’s not saying it in one way or the other,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last year and a half, the advocacy group, also known as BlackECE, has offered professional development training to spread the word about the importance of supporting Black English speakers the same way they support dual language learners, children who are learning two or more languages simultaneously. In California, most children under age 5 are dual language learners and the state’s Master Plan for Early Learning and Care, which was released by Gov. Gavin Newsom in 2020, recognizes \u003ca href=\"https://californiaforallkids.chhs.ca.gov/assets/pdfs/CA%20For%20All%20Kids%20-%20Master%20Plan%20Knowledge%20Brief%20-%20DLL.pdf\">the opportunity to develop bilingualism during the early years\u003c/a>, when children’s brains are developing rapidly. It calls on educators to affirm children’s home language even as they’re learning standard English in the classroom. The 10-year road map lays out specific recommendations, such as training the workforce to support dual language learners to foster bilingualism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BlackECE, along with \u003ca href=\"https://earlyedgecalifornia.org/early-edge-policy-corner-advancing-language-justice-the-black-english-language-workgroup/\">other early childhood advocacy groups\u003c/a> and education experts, said those recommendations should also apply to children who speak Black English. “We talk about multilinguals, but we don’t include Black children who may be African-American English speakers,” said Xigrid Soto-Boykin, an early childhood language expert at Arizona State University. “We completely miss this subgroup of children that could also benefit from their language backgrounds to be sustained, but also to be leveraged for their own learning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Training educators to recognize the legitimacy of Black English is important, she said, because although elements of the language have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dw0ifECyfPI\">embraced by young people\u003c/a> and popularized around the world, misperceptions persist. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885200623000856\">Soto-Boykin co-authored a 2023 study\u003c/a> that found that white early childhood educators who were familiar with Black English or received training to support children from linguistically and culturally diverse backgrounds were more likely to have positive views about the language. Those with less knowledge or training were more likely to believe that it hinders students’ achievement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"ArtP-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kcbx.org/health-science-and-technology/2026-07-01/salinas-takes-a-breather-from-opening-new-smoke-shops\">\u003cstrong>Salinas takes a breather from opening new smoke shops\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Salinas City Council has approved a temporary moratorium on new tobacco retailer licenses as officials consider stricter rules aimed at reducing youth access to tobacco products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The urgency ordinance, adopted unanimously last week, immediately pauses the issuance of new tobacco retailer licenses for 45 days. Existing tobacco businesses may continue operating, and current license holders will still be allowed to renew their permits. City officials said the temporary freeze will give staff time to study potential long-term regulations, including buffer zones between tobacco retailers and schools or parks, and limits on the number of tobacco retailers citywide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of March 2026, Salinas had 124 licensed tobacco retailers, and the city currently has no limits on how many tobacco retailers may operate or their proximity to schools, parks, recreation centers or other places where children gather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Gloria De La Rosa said one of the council’s priorities is protecting children. “These smoke shops to me, they do not belong in proximity to youth populated areas like schools, parks and recreation and centers,” De La Rosa said during Tuesday’s meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Margaret D’Arrigo said data showing smoke shops and vape stores have some of the highest rates of illegal tobacco sales to minors, reinforced the need for action. Vape stores throughout California sold tobacco products to young people at double the statewide average,\u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DCDIC/CTCB/CDPH%20Document%20Library/ResearchandEvaluation/FactsandFigures/STPS-Factsheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> according to a 2025 survey by the California Department of Public Health. \u003c/a>“I think that’s the number one reason to get this thing put to bed because that is not the population that we want to be providing tobacco to,” D’Arrigo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City staff are expected to return to the council in August with recommendations on possible permanent regulations. According to the city, the moratorium may be extended if additional time is needed to complete the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Correction: An earlier version of this story incorrectly identified Xigrid Soto-Boykin as the director of the Children’s Equity Project at Arizona State University. She is a researcher and the director of language justice and learning equity at the Children’s Equity Project.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bay Area Civil Rights Attorney Calls for Teen Sprinter’s Win to Be Reinstated",
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"content": "\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11793989/attorney-feared-for-his-life-during-traffic-stop-now-hes-suing-oakland\">Bay Area civil rights attorney\u003c/a> is threatening legal action against the state’s high school sports governing board unless it reinstates a recent victory for a Salinas sprinter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Interscholastic Federation disqualified 16-year-old Central Coast sophomore Clara Adams after she won the 400-meter dash at last week’s state championship in Clovis, California, because she celebrated by spraying her shoes with a fire extinguisher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Footage of the event and reaction has received national attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland-based civil rights attorney Adante Pointer held a press conference in Salinas on Friday alongside Adams, her coach and father, David Adams, Salinas Mayor Dennis Donohue, members of the local NAACP chapter and other supporters to protest the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after winning the race with a time of 53.24 seconds, Adams walked to the track’s infield and gave her shoes two quick bursts from a fire extinguisher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam’s gesture was a homage to Olympic gold medalist Maurice Greene’s celebration with a fire extinguisher celebration following his \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSt0SMgIa9g\">win in the 100 meters in 2004\u003c/a>. In that instance, Greene mimicked his shoes being on fire, took them off in the middle of a track before someone else doused his cleats for multiple seconds, much to the amusement of the crowd and telecasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Adams’ case, CIF officials quickly corralled her and stripped her of her gold medal.[aside postID=news_12041770 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/TrumpTransAthletesGetty-1020x638.jpg']“We demand that CIF do right by this young lady, and reinstate her as a state champion, as well as correct her record and compensate her for the harm that they caused her,” Pointer said. “They grabbed her, they confronted her, embarrassed her, yelled at her, tried to humiliate her in front of the world, all for what celebrating, enjoying a moment of accomplishment in a way that was embraced, not only by her teammates, but by the spectators that were there and even the CIF announcer who was doing the play-by-play.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CIF uses “Pursuing Victory With Honor” \u003ca href=\"https://www.cifstate.org/coaches-admin/pvh/conduct_students.pdf\">standards\u003c/a>, which forbid student-athletes from engaging in “disrespectful conduct of any sort, including … boastful celebrations …”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Pointer said the CIF immediately “manhandled her away from the infield on what was the greatest moment of her running career,” disqualified her results, and then banned her from running the 200-meter race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead, they robbed her of her achievement and have yet to explain what they based their actions on,” he said. “We will explore every legal avenue available to hold the CIF accountable for their arbitrary, heavy-handed actions that stole a once-in-a-lifetime victory from Clara, who earned every step of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointer said that Adams is a 3.8-GPA student who also once chased down a purse snatcher riding a bike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She used her God-given talent and the speed that she’s worked hard to create to face that person down, and got the purse back and brought it back to the person who was victimized,” Pointer said. “This is not someone who should be castigated, humiliated and paraded. This is someone who deserves to be celebrated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adams’ time in the 400-meter preliminary round was 54.14 seconds. As of Friday, \u003ca href=\"https://rt.trackscoreboard.com/meets/53025/events/7/Prelim\">the official results\u003c/a> have Adams as disqualified for the varsity 400 dash for “unsportsmanlike” conduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CIF did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11793989/attorney-feared-for-his-life-during-traffic-stop-now-hes-suing-oakland\">Bay Area civil rights attorney\u003c/a> is threatening legal action against the state’s high school sports governing board unless it reinstates a recent victory for a Salinas sprinter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Interscholastic Federation disqualified 16-year-old Central Coast sophomore Clara Adams after she won the 400-meter dash at last week’s state championship in Clovis, California, because she celebrated by spraying her shoes with a fire extinguisher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Footage of the event and reaction has received national attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland-based civil rights attorney Adante Pointer held a press conference in Salinas on Friday alongside Adams, her coach and father, David Adams, Salinas Mayor Dennis Donohue, members of the local NAACP chapter and other supporters to protest the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after winning the race with a time of 53.24 seconds, Adams walked to the track’s infield and gave her shoes two quick bursts from a fire extinguisher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam’s gesture was a homage to Olympic gold medalist Maurice Greene’s celebration with a fire extinguisher celebration following his \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSt0SMgIa9g\">win in the 100 meters in 2004\u003c/a>. In that instance, Greene mimicked his shoes being on fire, took them off in the middle of a track before someone else doused his cleats for multiple seconds, much to the amusement of the crowd and telecasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Adams’ case, CIF officials quickly corralled her and stripped her of her gold medal.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We demand that CIF do right by this young lady, and reinstate her as a state champion, as well as correct her record and compensate her for the harm that they caused her,” Pointer said. “They grabbed her, they confronted her, embarrassed her, yelled at her, tried to humiliate her in front of the world, all for what celebrating, enjoying a moment of accomplishment in a way that was embraced, not only by her teammates, but by the spectators that were there and even the CIF announcer who was doing the play-by-play.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CIF uses “Pursuing Victory With Honor” \u003ca href=\"https://www.cifstate.org/coaches-admin/pvh/conduct_students.pdf\">standards\u003c/a>, which forbid student-athletes from engaging in “disrespectful conduct of any sort, including … boastful celebrations …”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Pointer said the CIF immediately “manhandled her away from the infield on what was the greatest moment of her running career,” disqualified her results, and then banned her from running the 200-meter race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead, they robbed her of her achievement and have yet to explain what they based their actions on,” he said. “We will explore every legal avenue available to hold the CIF accountable for their arbitrary, heavy-handed actions that stole a once-in-a-lifetime victory from Clara, who earned every step of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointer said that Adams is a 3.8-GPA student who also once chased down a purse snatcher riding a bike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She used her God-given talent and the speed that she’s worked hard to create to face that person down, and got the purse back and brought it back to the person who was victimized,” Pointer said. “This is not someone who should be castigated, humiliated and paraded. This is someone who deserves to be celebrated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adams’ time in the 400-meter preliminary round was 54.14 seconds. As of Friday, \u003ca href=\"https://rt.trackscoreboard.com/meets/53025/events/7/Prelim\">the official results\u003c/a> have Adams as disqualified for the varsity 400 dash for “unsportsmanlike” conduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CIF did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "‘Afraid to Go to School’: Immigrant Families in the Salinas Valley Are Gripped by Fear",
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"headTitle": "‘Afraid to Go to School’: Immigrant Families in the Salinas Valley Are Gripped by Fear | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Lea esta historia en \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/calmatters-en-espanol/2025/02/con-temor-de-ir-a-la-escuela-el-miedo-se-apodera-de-las-familias-inmigrantes-en-la-zona-central-de-california/\">Español.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E., a mother of three in Salinas, is extra careful when she takes her kids to school. She switches up her routes, leaves at different times, and is always on the lookout for immigration agents, especially during pick-ups and drop-offs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump’s threat of mass deportations is never far from her mind, but it’s not her own welfare she’s concerned about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not worried about going back to Mexico. I’m afraid of being separated from my kids,” said E., who asked not to be identified because she and her husband’s immigration status puts them at risk of being deported. “My worst fear is that my 6-year-old will end up in a camp. … I don’t know what I would do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there have been few, if any, reports of immigration arrests at or near schools recently, E. and countless other parents are gripped with fear that if they go to the store, work or school, they’ll never see their families again. The fear stems from Trump’s heated anti-immigrant rhetoric, as well as his recent removal of schools, hospitals, courts and other “sensitive locations” as safe zones for undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Salinas, known as “the salad bowl of the world” for its rich agricultural fields, fear is everywhere. Although there have been no raids since the inauguration, rumors about ICE sweeps abound. At schools, there’s a heightened sense of awareness. Office staff know to ask immigration agents for judicial warrants and to immediately alert the superintendent. Volunteers walk students home from school, so parents don’t have to risk going outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an immigrant city, and just the threat is enough to scare people,” said Mary Duan, spokesperson for Salinas City Elementary School District. “The specter of deportation is driving people underground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salinas has one of the highest concentrations of immigrants in California. In 2023, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sandiegocitycalifornia,tularecitycalifornia,fresnocitycalifornia,mercedcitycalifornia,salinascitycalifornia/PST045223\">more than a third of the population\u003c/a> was born in another country, according to the U.S. Census, and more than 80% are Latino. Immigrants have been a part of Salinas for generations, and nearly everyone is related to someone who was foreign-born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s attendance has dropped steadily the past few months. In August, about 95% of the district’s 8,200 students showed up for class every day, but by mid-January the number had dropped to just over 91%, according to district data.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Historic farming community\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The birthplace of John Steinbeck and the setting for his classic, \u003cem>East of Eden\u003c/em>, Salinas has long been a working-class farming community. It sits at the northern end of the Salinas Valley, flanked by mountains to the east and west, with ocean breezes wafting in from Monterey Bay ensuring mild temperatures almost year-round — perfect conditions for growing lettuce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028078\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12028078\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_34-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_34-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_34-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_34-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_34-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_34-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A person drives a tractor through a field of crops on farmland near Salinas on Feb. 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vegetable fields — tidy, bright green rows of lettuce, broccoli, spinach and other crops — stretch miles across the valley, from the outskirts of town to the foothills of the nearby Gabilan and Sierra de Salinas ranges. Packing plants and nurseries dot the edges of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools have always played a central role in Salinas. But in the past few months, that role has expanded, as schools have reassured parents, provided information and comforted anxious children. The district has trained office staff to ask for judicial — not administrative — warrants from immigration agents if they come on campus. It’s considering expanding its virtual academies, like those that operated during COVID, for children whose parents feel safer keeping them home. And it’s been taking extra steps to make students feel welcome and safe on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want our schools to be places of joy, connection and belonging,” said Superintendent Rebecca Andrade. “The unknown is what causes anxiety. So we try to stay focused on our role, which is educating and supporting students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From the onion fields to the classroom\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It helps that many teachers, counselors and other school staff grew up in the area and themselves come from undocumented families. They know what it’s like to pick lettuce on chilly August mornings, hear the cries of “la migra” when immigration agents are nearby, and live with the constant knowledge that friends or family members could be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oscar Ramos, a second grade teacher at Sherwood Elementary, came from Jalisco, Mexico to Hollister, about 30 miles northwest of Salinas, when he was 4 years old with his family. By the time he was 8, he was picking onions and garlic with his family, working 10-hour days throughout the summers. He remembers when, in the 1980s, his babysitter was arrested at the labor camp where his family lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a knock at the door, and they just took her. There was no warning,” Ramos recalled. “I was 6 years old. I never saw her again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His own parents were never arrested, but he knows all too well the fear children experience when they think they might not see their parents again. In his classroom, the topic comes up daily, despite his efforts to keep his students focused on schoolwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028080\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12028080\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_21-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_21-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_21-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_21-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_21-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_21-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Oscar Ramos in his classroom at Sherwood Elementary School in Salinas on Feb. 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When I read them stories, they’d make random comments about their pets or their friends or what they’re doing this weekend,” Ramos said. “Now, they talk about ICE. ‘My parents said we can’t go to Walmart because that’s where they’ll pick you up.’ ‘I got sick but we couldn’t go to the hospital because immigration might be there.’ There’s just so much fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although immigration raids have always been part of life in Salinas, “this time feels different,” Ramos said. “The mood seems more hateful, unpredictable. How far will (Trump) go? How far will he push the limits? Will he send us back? Put us in giant prisons? Separate families? It seems like he doesn’t care. We see it and we feel it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unpredictability has left even those with legal status on edge. Stories abound about citizens being caught in immigration sweeps and detained or sent to Mexico. People worry about losing their visas, or about loved ones getting wrongfully arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I could lose everything’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cecilia, 28, came to the U.S. from Mexico at age 2, with her mother and sister. She has legal status through the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program and works in a family resource center for immigrants. When she can afford to, she takes classes at Hartnell Community College in hopes of earning a degree in accounting or business. With a knack for math, she hopes to someday work in a payroll office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone in her family has visas, but she now worries that those could be taken away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never used to carry my DACA papers, but since the election I always do,” said Cecilia, who asked that her full name not be used because she fears her DACA status may be revoked. “If I lose my visa, I would lose my job, I could lose everything. I know other people have it way worse, but it’s still scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028081\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12028081\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Campus counselor Ismael Del Real points at posters showing a range of emotions. Right: The Calming Room in the counselor’s office at Los Padres Elementary School in Salinas on Feb. 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ismael Del Real, a counselor at Los Padres Elementary School, is busy these days. There’s a steady stream of students who visit the “calming corner” in his office, seeking a moment’s escape from their anxiety. He tells them to take deep breaths, count to 10, draw, squeeze a stress ball, talk about their fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But mostly, he just listens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not about having the perfect words, because there’s nothing perfect about any of this,” said Del Real, who grew up in Salinas and whose parents are immigrants from Mexico. “I just try to be there for them. I tell them, ‘You’re right, this is scary, and it makes sense to feel anxious.’”[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='immigration']Every day, teachers ask each of the school’s 680 students to pick an emoji to describe their mood. Until recently, nearly all the children picked “happy.” Now, an increasing number pick “sad” or “angry.” Del Real visits with these students personally and tries to offer comfort and coping strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, it’s parents who show up at his office, located in a tidy portable next to the school garden. The walls are adorned with inspirational slogans in Spanish, such as “\u003cem>No hay mal que bien no venga\u003c/em>,” or “Every cloud has a silver lining,” and the furniture is a cheerful bright blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He advises them to keep a supply of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/red-cards-tarjetas-rojas\">red cards\u003c/a> that outline their rights to immigration officials, go to community events to get reliable information about what’s happening and what resources are available, and have a plan. Decide who will pick up the children if the parent is arrested, and give the school that person’s phone number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, the fear of deportation has brought families together, and motivated them to speak out — even anonymously. During a recent protest, more than 200 parents at Los Padres kept their children home from school as a show of solidarity. And they are quick to help each other and support those who need assistance, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12028082\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_13-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_13-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_13-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_13-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_13-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_13-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two students walk to class at Los Padres Elementary School in Salinas on Feb. 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I can’t imagine what these parents are going through. These are humble people who work hard, and they just want what’s best for their kids,” Del Real said. “I just want them to have a sense of peace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Help for families\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Los Padres, well over half of the students are immigrants or the children of immigrants. Vice Principal Christina Perez, who grew up in Salinas, knows exactly the hardships those families face. Her parents were immigrants from Michoacan, Mexico, and her father, who didn’t have legal status in the U.S., was deported several times when Perez was a child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all schools in the district, Los Padres offers a slew of resources for immigrant families. The district operates four centers for families to get food, clothing and other supplies, counseling, referrals for legal advice and other needs. Nearly 4,000 families visit the centers annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez adds a personal touch, reaching out directly to parents who are worried about being separated from their children. Her message is that the school will do everything in its power to protect students and ensure they feel safe and comfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can imagine what these families are going through. It’s ugly to live in that fear. You’re afraid to go to work, afraid to go to school, you wonder how you’ll support your family,” she said. “That was my family, years ago. You think things are going to get better, but here we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E., the Salinas mother of three, said she tries to protect her children from the news, but they overhear snippets and know that their parents are at risk. Her husband supports the family by working at a nursery, and she worries about their livelihood if he gets detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m doing the best I can,” she said. “But right now it feels hopeless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Lea esta historia en \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/calmatters-en-espanol/2025/02/con-temor-de-ir-a-la-escuela-el-miedo-se-apodera-de-las-familias-inmigrantes-en-la-zona-central-de-california/\">Español.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E., a mother of three in Salinas, is extra careful when she takes her kids to school. She switches up her routes, leaves at different times, and is always on the lookout for immigration agents, especially during pick-ups and drop-offs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump’s threat of mass deportations is never far from her mind, but it’s not her own welfare she’s concerned about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not worried about going back to Mexico. I’m afraid of being separated from my kids,” said E., who asked not to be identified because she and her husband’s immigration status puts them at risk of being deported. “My worst fear is that my 6-year-old will end up in a camp. … I don’t know what I would do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there have been few, if any, reports of immigration arrests at or near schools recently, E. and countless other parents are gripped with fear that if they go to the store, work or school, they’ll never see their families again. The fear stems from Trump’s heated anti-immigrant rhetoric, as well as his recent removal of schools, hospitals, courts and other “sensitive locations” as safe zones for undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Salinas, known as “the salad bowl of the world” for its rich agricultural fields, fear is everywhere. Although there have been no raids since the inauguration, rumors about ICE sweeps abound. At schools, there’s a heightened sense of awareness. Office staff know to ask immigration agents for judicial warrants and to immediately alert the superintendent. Volunteers walk students home from school, so parents don’t have to risk going outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an immigrant city, and just the threat is enough to scare people,” said Mary Duan, spokesperson for Salinas City Elementary School District. “The specter of deportation is driving people underground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salinas has one of the highest concentrations of immigrants in California. In 2023, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sandiegocitycalifornia,tularecitycalifornia,fresnocitycalifornia,mercedcitycalifornia,salinascitycalifornia/PST045223\">more than a third of the population\u003c/a> was born in another country, according to the U.S. Census, and more than 80% are Latino. Immigrants have been a part of Salinas for generations, and nearly everyone is related to someone who was foreign-born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s attendance has dropped steadily the past few months. In August, about 95% of the district’s 8,200 students showed up for class every day, but by mid-January the number had dropped to just over 91%, according to district data.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Historic farming community\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The birthplace of John Steinbeck and the setting for his classic, \u003cem>East of Eden\u003c/em>, Salinas has long been a working-class farming community. It sits at the northern end of the Salinas Valley, flanked by mountains to the east and west, with ocean breezes wafting in from Monterey Bay ensuring mild temperatures almost year-round — perfect conditions for growing lettuce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028078\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12028078\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_34-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_34-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_34-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_34-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_34-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_34-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A person drives a tractor through a field of crops on farmland near Salinas on Feb. 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vegetable fields — tidy, bright green rows of lettuce, broccoli, spinach and other crops — stretch miles across the valley, from the outskirts of town to the foothills of the nearby Gabilan and Sierra de Salinas ranges. Packing plants and nurseries dot the edges of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools have always played a central role in Salinas. But in the past few months, that role has expanded, as schools have reassured parents, provided information and comforted anxious children. The district has trained office staff to ask for judicial — not administrative — warrants from immigration agents if they come on campus. It’s considering expanding its virtual academies, like those that operated during COVID, for children whose parents feel safer keeping them home. And it’s been taking extra steps to make students feel welcome and safe on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want our schools to be places of joy, connection and belonging,” said Superintendent Rebecca Andrade. “The unknown is what causes anxiety. So we try to stay focused on our role, which is educating and supporting students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From the onion fields to the classroom\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It helps that many teachers, counselors and other school staff grew up in the area and themselves come from undocumented families. They know what it’s like to pick lettuce on chilly August mornings, hear the cries of “la migra” when immigration agents are nearby, and live with the constant knowledge that friends or family members could be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oscar Ramos, a second grade teacher at Sherwood Elementary, came from Jalisco, Mexico to Hollister, about 30 miles northwest of Salinas, when he was 4 years old with his family. By the time he was 8, he was picking onions and garlic with his family, working 10-hour days throughout the summers. He remembers when, in the 1980s, his babysitter was arrested at the labor camp where his family lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a knock at the door, and they just took her. There was no warning,” Ramos recalled. “I was 6 years old. I never saw her again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His own parents were never arrested, but he knows all too well the fear children experience when they think they might not see their parents again. In his classroom, the topic comes up daily, despite his efforts to keep his students focused on schoolwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028080\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12028080\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_21-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_21-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_21-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_21-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_21-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_21-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Oscar Ramos in his classroom at Sherwood Elementary School in Salinas on Feb. 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When I read them stories, they’d make random comments about their pets or their friends or what they’re doing this weekend,” Ramos said. “Now, they talk about ICE. ‘My parents said we can’t go to Walmart because that’s where they’ll pick you up.’ ‘I got sick but we couldn’t go to the hospital because immigration might be there.’ There’s just so much fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although immigration raids have always been part of life in Salinas, “this time feels different,” Ramos said. “The mood seems more hateful, unpredictable. How far will (Trump) go? How far will he push the limits? Will he send us back? Put us in giant prisons? Separate families? It seems like he doesn’t care. We see it and we feel it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unpredictability has left even those with legal status on edge. Stories abound about citizens being caught in immigration sweeps and detained or sent to Mexico. People worry about losing their visas, or about loved ones getting wrongfully arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I could lose everything’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cecilia, 28, came to the U.S. from Mexico at age 2, with her mother and sister. She has legal status through the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program and works in a family resource center for immigrants. When she can afford to, she takes classes at Hartnell Community College in hopes of earning a degree in accounting or business. With a knack for math, she hopes to someday work in a payroll office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone in her family has visas, but she now worries that those could be taken away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never used to carry my DACA papers, but since the election I always do,” said Cecilia, who asked that her full name not be used because she fears her DACA status may be revoked. “If I lose my visa, I would lose my job, I could lose everything. I know other people have it way worse, but it’s still scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028081\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12028081\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Campus counselor Ismael Del Real points at posters showing a range of emotions. Right: The Calming Room in the counselor’s office at Los Padres Elementary School in Salinas on Feb. 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ismael Del Real, a counselor at Los Padres Elementary School, is busy these days. There’s a steady stream of students who visit the “calming corner” in his office, seeking a moment’s escape from their anxiety. He tells them to take deep breaths, count to 10, draw, squeeze a stress ball, talk about their fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But mostly, he just listens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not about having the perfect words, because there’s nothing perfect about any of this,” said Del Real, who grew up in Salinas and whose parents are immigrants from Mexico. “I just try to be there for them. I tell them, ‘You’re right, this is scary, and it makes sense to feel anxious.’”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Every day, teachers ask each of the school’s 680 students to pick an emoji to describe their mood. Until recently, nearly all the children picked “happy.” Now, an increasing number pick “sad” or “angry.” Del Real visits with these students personally and tries to offer comfort and coping strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, it’s parents who show up at his office, located in a tidy portable next to the school garden. The walls are adorned with inspirational slogans in Spanish, such as “\u003cem>No hay mal que bien no venga\u003c/em>,” or “Every cloud has a silver lining,” and the furniture is a cheerful bright blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He advises them to keep a supply of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/red-cards-tarjetas-rojas\">red cards\u003c/a> that outline their rights to immigration officials, go to community events to get reliable information about what’s happening and what resources are available, and have a plan. Decide who will pick up the children if the parent is arrested, and give the school that person’s phone number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, the fear of deportation has brought families together, and motivated them to speak out — even anonymously. During a recent protest, more than 200 parents at Los Padres kept their children home from school as a show of solidarity. And they are quick to help each other and support those who need assistance, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12028082\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_13-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_13-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_13-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_13-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_13-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/021125-ICE-Schools-Salinas-LV_13-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two students walk to class at Los Padres Elementary School in Salinas on Feb. 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I can’t imagine what these parents are going through. These are humble people who work hard, and they just want what’s best for their kids,” Del Real said. “I just want them to have a sense of peace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Help for families\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Los Padres, well over half of the students are immigrants or the children of immigrants. Vice Principal Christina Perez, who grew up in Salinas, knows exactly the hardships those families face. Her parents were immigrants from Michoacan, Mexico, and her father, who didn’t have legal status in the U.S., was deported several times when Perez was a child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all schools in the district, Los Padres offers a slew of resources for immigrant families. The district operates four centers for families to get food, clothing and other supplies, counseling, referrals for legal advice and other needs. Nearly 4,000 families visit the centers annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez adds a personal touch, reaching out directly to parents who are worried about being separated from their children. Her message is that the school will do everything in its power to protect students and ensure they feel safe and comfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can imagine what these families are going through. It’s ugly to live in that fear. You’re afraid to go to work, afraid to go to school, you wonder how you’ll support your family,” she said. “That was my family, years ago. You think things are going to get better, but here we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E., the Salinas mother of three, said she tries to protect her children from the news, but they overhear snippets and know that their parents are at risk. Her husband supports the family by working at a nursery, and she worries about their livelihood if he gets detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m doing the best I can,” she said. “But right now it feels hopeless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "At Least 75 People Are Sickened as the Deadly McDonald's E. Coli Outbreak Expands",
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"headTitle": "At Least 75 People Are Sickened as the Deadly McDonald’s E. Coli Outbreak Expands | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-e-coli-outbreak-sick-onions-d4a37726f2669016decedcf9f928a9d9\">deadly outbreak of E. coli poisoning\u003c/a> tied to McDonald’s Quarter Pounders has expanded, with at least 75 people sick in 13 states, federal health officials said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 22 people have now been hospitalized, and two have developed a dangerous kidney disease complication, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said. One person has died in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No definitive source of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-boars-head-ecoli-listeria-food-safety-1256564e2ec8baf6a96b27c7102e833e\">the outbreak\u003c/a> has been identified, officials with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration said. Early information analyzed by the FDA showed that uncooked slivered onions used on the burgers “are a likely source of contamination,” the agency said.[aside postID=news_12010993 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/GettyImages-2180538566-1020x680.jpg']\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-outbreak-e-coli-onions-2bc3fc2d4198d9a5bad52c0028316165\">McDonald’s has confirmed\u003c/a> that Taylor Farms, a California-based produce company, was the supplier of the fresh onions used in the restaurants involved in the outbreak, and that they had come from a facility in Colorado Springs, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have made the decision to stop sourcing onions from Taylor Farms’ Colorado Springs facility indefinitely,” McDonald’s said in a statement released late Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor Farms said Friday it had preemptively recalled yellow onions sent to its customers from its Colorado facility and continues to work with the CDC and the FDA as they investigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It saddens us to see the illnesses and affected individuals and families,” from the outbreak, the family-owned company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald’s pulled the Quarter Pounder burger from menus in several states — mostly in the Midwest and Mountain states — when the outbreak was announced Tuesday. McDonald’s said Friday that slivered onions from the Colorado Springs facility were distributed to approximately 900 of its restaurants, including some in transportation hubs like airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new cases reported Friday were a sharp increase from the original tally of 49 in 10 states. Most illnesses were reported in Colorado, with 26 cases. At least 13 people were sickened in Montana, 11 in Nebraska, 5 each in New Mexico and Utah, 4 each in Missouri and Wyoming, two in Michigan and one each in Iowa, Kansas, Oregon, Wisconsin and Washington, the CDC reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald’s said Friday it didn’t pull the Quarter Pounder from any additional restaurants due to the increase in the CDC’s illness count. The company noted that some cases in states outside the original region were tied to travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC said some people who got sick reported traveling to other states before their symptoms started. At least three people said they ate at McDonald’s during their travel. Illnesses were reported between Sept. 27 and Oct. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor Farms notified its customers directly about the onion recall but did not tell the public about it, an FDA official said. Companies often issue press releases and the FDA sends public notifications for recalls, but they are not required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12011287\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/no-title.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1324\" height=\"1158\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/no-title.jpg 1324w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/no-title-800x700.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/no-title-1020x892.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/no-title-160x140.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1324px) 100vw, 1324px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it remains unclear if the recalled onions were the source of the outbreak, several other fast-food restaurants — including Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, KFC and Burger King — pulled onions from some menus in certain areas this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurant Brands International, which owns Burger King, said that 5% of its restaurants use whole onions distributed by Taylor Farms’ Colorado facility. They are washed, peeled and sliced by employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though it wasn’t contacted by health officials and it had no indications of illness, Restaurant Brands said it asked the restaurants that received onions from the Colorado facility to get rid of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outbreak involves infections \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/e-coli-mcdonalds-outbreak-bacteria-quarter-pounder-080847096a6b7062b4fb17037393fc99\">with E. coli 0157:H7, a type of bacteria\u003c/a> that produces a dangerous toxin. It causes about 74,000 infections in the U.S. annually, leading to more than 2,000 hospitalizations and 61 deaths each year, according to CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People sickened in the outbreak have already moved to sue McDonald’s, according to court records. According to her lawsuit, Clarissa DeBock ate food from a local McDonald’s in Nebraska on Sept. 18, fell ill on Sept. 23 and sought emergency care two days later before she was diagnosed with an E. coli infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symptoms of E. coli poisoning can occur quickly, within a day or two of eating contaminated food. They typically include fever, vomiting, diarrhea or bloody diarrhea and signs of dehydration — little or no peeing, increased thirst and dizziness. The infection is especially dangerous for children younger than 5, people who are elderly, pregnant or who have weakened immune systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>AP business reporter Dee-Ann Durbin contributed reporting from Detroit.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-e-coli-outbreak-sick-onions-d4a37726f2669016decedcf9f928a9d9\">deadly outbreak of E. coli poisoning\u003c/a> tied to McDonald’s Quarter Pounders has expanded, with at least 75 people sick in 13 states, federal health officials said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 22 people have now been hospitalized, and two have developed a dangerous kidney disease complication, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said. One person has died in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No definitive source of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-boars-head-ecoli-listeria-food-safety-1256564e2ec8baf6a96b27c7102e833e\">the outbreak\u003c/a> has been identified, officials with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration said. Early information analyzed by the FDA showed that uncooked slivered onions used on the burgers “are a likely source of contamination,” the agency said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-outbreak-e-coli-onions-2bc3fc2d4198d9a5bad52c0028316165\">McDonald’s has confirmed\u003c/a> that Taylor Farms, a California-based produce company, was the supplier of the fresh onions used in the restaurants involved in the outbreak, and that they had come from a facility in Colorado Springs, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have made the decision to stop sourcing onions from Taylor Farms’ Colorado Springs facility indefinitely,” McDonald’s said in a statement released late Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor Farms said Friday it had preemptively recalled yellow onions sent to its customers from its Colorado facility and continues to work with the CDC and the FDA as they investigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It saddens us to see the illnesses and affected individuals and families,” from the outbreak, the family-owned company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald’s pulled the Quarter Pounder burger from menus in several states — mostly in the Midwest and Mountain states — when the outbreak was announced Tuesday. McDonald’s said Friday that slivered onions from the Colorado Springs facility were distributed to approximately 900 of its restaurants, including some in transportation hubs like airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new cases reported Friday were a sharp increase from the original tally of 49 in 10 states. Most illnesses were reported in Colorado, with 26 cases. At least 13 people were sickened in Montana, 11 in Nebraska, 5 each in New Mexico and Utah, 4 each in Missouri and Wyoming, two in Michigan and one each in Iowa, Kansas, Oregon, Wisconsin and Washington, the CDC reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald’s said Friday it didn’t pull the Quarter Pounder from any additional restaurants due to the increase in the CDC’s illness count. The company noted that some cases in states outside the original region were tied to travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC said some people who got sick reported traveling to other states before their symptoms started. At least three people said they ate at McDonald’s during their travel. Illnesses were reported between Sept. 27 and Oct. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor Farms notified its customers directly about the onion recall but did not tell the public about it, an FDA official said. Companies often issue press releases and the FDA sends public notifications for recalls, but they are not required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12011287\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/no-title.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1324\" height=\"1158\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/no-title.jpg 1324w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/no-title-800x700.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/no-title-1020x892.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/no-title-160x140.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1324px) 100vw, 1324px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it remains unclear if the recalled onions were the source of the outbreak, several other fast-food restaurants — including Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, KFC and Burger King — pulled onions from some menus in certain areas this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurant Brands International, which owns Burger King, said that 5% of its restaurants use whole onions distributed by Taylor Farms’ Colorado facility. They are washed, peeled and sliced by employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though it wasn’t contacted by health officials and it had no indications of illness, Restaurant Brands said it asked the restaurants that received onions from the Colorado facility to get rid of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outbreak involves infections \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/e-coli-mcdonalds-outbreak-bacteria-quarter-pounder-080847096a6b7062b4fb17037393fc99\">with E. coli 0157:H7, a type of bacteria\u003c/a> that produces a dangerous toxin. It causes about 74,000 infections in the U.S. annually, leading to more than 2,000 hospitalizations and 61 deaths each year, according to CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People sickened in the outbreak have already moved to sue McDonald’s, according to court records. According to her lawsuit, Clarissa DeBock ate food from a local McDonald’s in Nebraska on Sept. 18, fell ill on Sept. 23 and sought emergency care two days later before she was diagnosed with an E. coli infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symptoms of E. coli poisoning can occur quickly, within a day or two of eating contaminated food. They typically include fever, vomiting, diarrhea or bloody diarrhea and signs of dehydration — little or no peeing, increased thirst and dizziness. The infection is especially dangerous for children younger than 5, people who are elderly, pregnant or who have weakened immune systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>AP business reporter Dee-Ann Durbin contributed reporting from Detroit.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A California-based produce company was the source of fresh onions linked to a deadly E. coli \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-e-coli-outbreak-422c4687cc9218efda03cae73b01f473\">food poisoning outbreak\u003c/a> at McDonald’s, officials with the restaurant chain said Thursday. Meanwhile, other fast-food restaurants — including Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, KFC and Burger King — pulled onions from some menus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald’s officials said that Taylor Farms of Salinas, California, sent onions to one distribution facility, which led the fast-food chain to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-e-coli-outbreak-sick-onions-d4a37726f2669016decedcf9f928a9d9\">remove Quarter Pounder hamburgers\u003c/a> from restaurants in several states. McDonald’s didn’t say which facility it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An outbreak tied to the burgers has sickened at least 49 people in 10 states, including a person who died, federal health officials have said. Investigators said they were \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/outbreaks/investigation-update-e-coli-o157-2024.html\">focused on slivered onions\u003c/a> as a potential source of the infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Foods, a major wholesaler to restaurants across the country, said Thursday that Taylor Farms had issued a recall this week for peeled whole and diced yellow onions for potential E. coli contamination. The recalled onions came from a Taylor Farms facility in Colorado, a U.S. Foods spokesperson said. However, the wholesaler also noted that it wasn’t a McDonald’s supplier and that its recall didn’t include any products sold at the fast-food chain’s restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor Farms did not respond to multiple requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration did not confirm that the agency is investigating Taylor Farms. A spokesperson said Thursday that the agency is “looking at all sources” of the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, other \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-chipotle-taco-bell-norovirus-e-coli-83f1077981d738b91dbf0c76f7db2883\">national restaurant chains\u003c/a> temporarily stopped using fresh onions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we continue to monitor the recently reported E. coli outbreak, and out of an abundance of caution, we have proactively removed fresh onions from select Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC restaurants,” Yum Brands said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Louisville, Kentucky-based Yum Brands wouldn’t say where onions were removed or whether the company uses the same supplier as McDonald’s. Yum Brands said it will continue to follow guidance from regulators and its suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurant Brands International, which owns Burger King, said Thursday that 5% of its restaurants use onions distributed by Taylor Farms’ Colorado facility. Burger King restaurants get deliveries of whole, fresh onions and its employees wash, peel and slice them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though it wasn’t contacted by health officials and it had no indications of illness, Restaurant Brands said it asked the restaurants that received onions from the Colorado facility to dispose of them two days ago. The company said it’s restocking with onions from other suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chipotle said Thursday it doesn’t source onions from Taylor Farms or any other ingredients from the Colorado facility.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11984580,news_11993547,news_11990735\"]Onions have been implicated in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-boars-head-ecoli-listeria-food-safety-1256564e2ec8baf6a96b27c7102e833e\">previous outbreaks\u003c/a>. In 2015, Taylor Farms recalled a celery and onion mix used in Costco chicken salads after 19 people were sickened with E. coli. Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/outbreaks-foodborne-illness/outbreak-investigation-salmonella-onions-october-2023#:~:text=Additional%20Images-,Product,CDC)%20declares%20the%20outbreak%20over\">80 people were sickened and one died\u003c/a> in an outbreak of salmonella poisoning tied to bagged diced onions from Gills Onions of Oxnard, California. At least 10 people have been hospitalized in the McDonald’s outbreak, including a child who suffered a severe kidney disease complication as a result of the infection. Illnesses were confirmed between Sept. 27 and Oct. 11, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victims were infected with E. coli 0157:H7, a type of bacteria that produces a dangerous toxin. It causes about 74,000 infections in the U.S. annually, leading to more than 2,000 hospitalizations and 61 deaths each year, according to CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Greeley, Colorado, man is suing McDonald’s after contracting an E. coli infection. In a lawsuit filed this week, Eric Stelly said he ate food from a local McDonald’s on Oct. 4 and fell ill two days later. After he sought emergency care, health officials confirmed his infection was part of the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symptoms occur of E. coli poisoning can occur quickly, within a day or two of eating contaminated food. They typically include fever, vomiting, diarrhea or bloody diarrhea and signs of dehydration — little or no peeing, increased thirst and dizziness. The infection is especially dangerous for children younger than 5, people who are elderly, pregnant or who have weakened immune systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A California-based produce company was the source of fresh onions linked to a deadly E. coli \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-e-coli-outbreak-422c4687cc9218efda03cae73b01f473\">food poisoning outbreak\u003c/a> at McDonald’s, officials with the restaurant chain said Thursday. Meanwhile, other fast-food restaurants — including Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, KFC and Burger King — pulled onions from some menus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald’s officials said that Taylor Farms of Salinas, California, sent onions to one distribution facility, which led the fast-food chain to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-e-coli-outbreak-sick-onions-d4a37726f2669016decedcf9f928a9d9\">remove Quarter Pounder hamburgers\u003c/a> from restaurants in several states. McDonald’s didn’t say which facility it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An outbreak tied to the burgers has sickened at least 49 people in 10 states, including a person who died, federal health officials have said. Investigators said they were \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/outbreaks/investigation-update-e-coli-o157-2024.html\">focused on slivered onions\u003c/a> as a potential source of the infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Foods, a major wholesaler to restaurants across the country, said Thursday that Taylor Farms had issued a recall this week for peeled whole and diced yellow onions for potential E. coli contamination. The recalled onions came from a Taylor Farms facility in Colorado, a U.S. Foods spokesperson said. However, the wholesaler also noted that it wasn’t a McDonald’s supplier and that its recall didn’t include any products sold at the fast-food chain’s restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor Farms did not respond to multiple requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration did not confirm that the agency is investigating Taylor Farms. A spokesperson said Thursday that the agency is “looking at all sources” of the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, other \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-chipotle-taco-bell-norovirus-e-coli-83f1077981d738b91dbf0c76f7db2883\">national restaurant chains\u003c/a> temporarily stopped using fresh onions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we continue to monitor the recently reported E. coli outbreak, and out of an abundance of caution, we have proactively removed fresh onions from select Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC restaurants,” Yum Brands said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Louisville, Kentucky-based Yum Brands wouldn’t say where onions were removed or whether the company uses the same supplier as McDonald’s. Yum Brands said it will continue to follow guidance from regulators and its suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurant Brands International, which owns Burger King, said Thursday that 5% of its restaurants use onions distributed by Taylor Farms’ Colorado facility. Burger King restaurants get deliveries of whole, fresh onions and its employees wash, peel and slice them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though it wasn’t contacted by health officials and it had no indications of illness, Restaurant Brands said it asked the restaurants that received onions from the Colorado facility to dispose of them two days ago. The company said it’s restocking with onions from other suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chipotle said Thursday it doesn’t source onions from Taylor Farms or any other ingredients from the Colorado facility.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Onions have been implicated in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mcdonalds-boars-head-ecoli-listeria-food-safety-1256564e2ec8baf6a96b27c7102e833e\">previous outbreaks\u003c/a>. In 2015, Taylor Farms recalled a celery and onion mix used in Costco chicken salads after 19 people were sickened with E. coli. Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/outbreaks-foodborne-illness/outbreak-investigation-salmonella-onions-october-2023#:~:text=Additional%20Images-,Product,CDC)%20declares%20the%20outbreak%20over\">80 people were sickened and one died\u003c/a> in an outbreak of salmonella poisoning tied to bagged diced onions from Gills Onions of Oxnard, California. At least 10 people have been hospitalized in the McDonald’s outbreak, including a child who suffered a severe kidney disease complication as a result of the infection. Illnesses were confirmed between Sept. 27 and Oct. 11, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victims were infected with E. coli 0157:H7, a type of bacteria that produces a dangerous toxin. It causes about 74,000 infections in the U.S. annually, leading to more than 2,000 hospitalizations and 61 deaths each year, according to CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Greeley, Colorado, man is suing McDonald’s after contracting an E. coli infection. In a lawsuit filed this week, Eric Stelly said he ate food from a local McDonald’s on Oct. 4 and fell ill two days later. After he sought emergency care, health officials confirmed his infection was part of the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symptoms occur of E. coli poisoning can occur quickly, within a day or two of eating contaminated food. They typically include fever, vomiting, diarrhea or bloody diarrhea and signs of dehydration — little or no peeing, increased thirst and dizziness. The infection is especially dangerous for children younger than 5, people who are elderly, pregnant or who have weakened immune systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "salinas-is-set-to-cap-rent-hikes-a-historic-step-for-monterey-county-and-farmworker-towns",
"title": "Salinas Is Set to Cap Rent Hikes, a Historic Step for Monterey County and Farmworker Towns",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a first for Monterey County, the farmworker community of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/salinas\">Salinas\u003c/a> is poised to cap rent increases and adopt additional renter protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday night, the Salinas City Council voted to move forward with three measures: rent stabilization, just cause for eviction, and tenant anti-harassment ordinances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movement comes after over a year of organizing by residents in the majority-renter, majority-Latinx city, and it reflects a growing momentum behind tenant-friendly policies both locally and nationally. Vice President Kamala Harris has embraced the cause, vowing at a rally for her presidential campaign to “take on corporate landlords and cap unfair rent increases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as the list of California cities with rent control gets longer, Salinas stands out for its rural nature and heavily immigrant population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really historic for a city like Salinas to move forward with these protections,” said Suzanne Dershowitz, senior staff attorney with Public Advocates, a legal advocacy organization that’s supporting the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, large cities have borne the brunt of the housing crisis, but as it worsens, it’s spread to rural communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The struggle for housing has been evident since before the pandemic, the pandemic just intensified that tenfold,” said “xago” Juarez, an organizer with Building Healthy Communities Monterey County who’s been campaigning for renter protections in Salinas. “This is beyond crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates argue the policies would help prevent homelessness and displacement in a city where rents increased more than seven times as much as renter incomes between 2000 and 2022 and where the number of rent-burdened households spiked by nearly 60% over the same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over half of households in Salinas rent, and half of those renters spend more than 30% of their income on housing costs. The median rent in Salinas is $2,400, according to Zillow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside postID=news_12000938 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240406-PeskinCampaignKickoff-038-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As cities struggle to rein in housing costs, they increasingly turn to rent caps and other tenant protections. At least 29 cities in California have rent control measures in place, according to a tally by Tenants Together. Only one of those — Oxnard — is a farmworker community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, measures that would enact rent control or strengthen existing policies are on the ballot in San Anselmo, Larkspur and Berkeley in November. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11975969/concord-tenants-claim-victory-with-passage-of-new-renter-protections\">Concord\u003c/a>, Antioch and Fairfax recently adopted rent caps, while efforts to put them on the ballot in Redwood City, Pittsburg and San Pablo failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://dornsife.usc.edu/eri/publications/rent-matters/\">Researchers have reached\u003c/a> mixed \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/99646/rent_control._what_does_the_research_tell_us_about_the_effectiveness_of_local_action_1.pdf\">conclusions on the subject (PDF)\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/publications/effects-rent-control-expansion-tenants-landlords-inequality-evidence\">Some studies\u003c/a> find rent control reduces tenant displacement in the short run but deters\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166046213000641\"> landlords from investing in maintenance\u003c/a> and drives up rents in the long term; others find \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275115001122\">no impact on housing markets\u003c/a>; some \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/publications/effects-rent-control-expansion-tenants-landlords-inequality-evidence\">find people of color are more likely to benefit\u003c/a>, while others conclude \u003ca href=\"https://ideas.repec.org/a/bpj/bejeap/v11y2011i1n27.html\">white, wealthier people are\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California cities and counties have the authority to enact rent control laws, the Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act prohibits them from imposing rent control on single-family homes, condominiums, properties built after 1995, and new tenants. In November, voters will weigh in on Proposition 33, which would repeal that law and prevent the state from taking actions to limit local rent control in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Salinas, the sustained pressure from residents on city leaders to enact renter protections is especially striking given it’s a largely immigrant community where language barriers, legal and economic status present hurdles to influencing policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s all these barriers, things that work against them,” Juarez said. “They don’t have the privilege of having their complaints heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For two years, Juarez has been helping to teach farmworker families about city government and how to participate in public meetings. “A focus of that work is them recognizing their power as residents, regardless of documentation, citizenship status, education,” he said. “If they live in Salinas, then they belong in Salinas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salinas rent control plan would cap annual rent increases at 2.75% or 75% of the Consumer Price Index, whichever is lower. It would apply to multi-family residences built before Feb. 1, 1995, per state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eviction ordinance would strengthen protections for renters who are kicked out for no fault of their own, including if the owner wants to move in, take the unit off the market or remodel it. In the case of fault evictions, the policy would require landlords to provide the equivalent of three months’ rent as relocation assistance, and if they put the property back on the market within five years, they would have to offer it to the evicted tenant first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third ordinance would expand renters’ protections against harassment by landlords, adding prohibitions against actions like failing to provide maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salinas City Council is set to vote on adopting the policies by the end of September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Leaders in the majority-renter, majority-Latinx community voted to advance rent stabilization, just cause for eviction and tenant anti-harassment ordinances.",
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"title": "Salinas Is Set to Cap Rent Hikes, a Historic Step for Monterey County and Farmworker Towns | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a first for Monterey County, the farmworker community of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/salinas\">Salinas\u003c/a> is poised to cap rent increases and adopt additional renter protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday night, the Salinas City Council voted to move forward with three measures: rent stabilization, just cause for eviction, and tenant anti-harassment ordinances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movement comes after over a year of organizing by residents in the majority-renter, majority-Latinx city, and it reflects a growing momentum behind tenant-friendly policies both locally and nationally. Vice President Kamala Harris has embraced the cause, vowing at a rally for her presidential campaign to “take on corporate landlords and cap unfair rent increases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as the list of California cities with rent control gets longer, Salinas stands out for its rural nature and heavily immigrant population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really historic for a city like Salinas to move forward with these protections,” said Suzanne Dershowitz, senior staff attorney with Public Advocates, a legal advocacy organization that’s supporting the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, large cities have borne the brunt of the housing crisis, but as it worsens, it’s spread to rural communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The struggle for housing has been evident since before the pandemic, the pandemic just intensified that tenfold,” said “xago” Juarez, an organizer with Building Healthy Communities Monterey County who’s been campaigning for renter protections in Salinas. “This is beyond crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates argue the policies would help prevent homelessness and displacement in a city where rents increased more than seven times as much as renter incomes between 2000 and 2022 and where the number of rent-burdened households spiked by nearly 60% over the same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over half of households in Salinas rent, and half of those renters spend more than 30% of their income on housing costs. The median rent in Salinas is $2,400, according to Zillow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As cities struggle to rein in housing costs, they increasingly turn to rent caps and other tenant protections. At least 29 cities in California have rent control measures in place, according to a tally by Tenants Together. Only one of those — Oxnard — is a farmworker community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, measures that would enact rent control or strengthen existing policies are on the ballot in San Anselmo, Larkspur and Berkeley in November. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11975969/concord-tenants-claim-victory-with-passage-of-new-renter-protections\">Concord\u003c/a>, Antioch and Fairfax recently adopted rent caps, while efforts to put them on the ballot in Redwood City, Pittsburg and San Pablo failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://dornsife.usc.edu/eri/publications/rent-matters/\">Researchers have reached\u003c/a> mixed \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/99646/rent_control._what_does_the_research_tell_us_about_the_effectiveness_of_local_action_1.pdf\">conclusions on the subject (PDF)\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/publications/effects-rent-control-expansion-tenants-landlords-inequality-evidence\">Some studies\u003c/a> find rent control reduces tenant displacement in the short run but deters\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166046213000641\"> landlords from investing in maintenance\u003c/a> and drives up rents in the long term; others find \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275115001122\">no impact on housing markets\u003c/a>; some \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/publications/effects-rent-control-expansion-tenants-landlords-inequality-evidence\">find people of color are more likely to benefit\u003c/a>, while others conclude \u003ca href=\"https://ideas.repec.org/a/bpj/bejeap/v11y2011i1n27.html\">white, wealthier people are\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California cities and counties have the authority to enact rent control laws, the Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act prohibits them from imposing rent control on single-family homes, condominiums, properties built after 1995, and new tenants. In November, voters will weigh in on Proposition 33, which would repeal that law and prevent the state from taking actions to limit local rent control in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Salinas, the sustained pressure from residents on city leaders to enact renter protections is especially striking given it’s a largely immigrant community where language barriers, legal and economic status present hurdles to influencing policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s all these barriers, things that work against them,” Juarez said. “They don’t have the privilege of having their complaints heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For two years, Juarez has been helping to teach farmworker families about city government and how to participate in public meetings. “A focus of that work is them recognizing their power as residents, regardless of documentation, citizenship status, education,” he said. “If they live in Salinas, then they belong in Salinas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salinas rent control plan would cap annual rent increases at 2.75% or 75% of the Consumer Price Index, whichever is lower. It would apply to multi-family residences built before Feb. 1, 1995, per state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eviction ordinance would strengthen protections for renters who are kicked out for no fault of their own, including if the owner wants to move in, take the unit off the market or remodel it. In the case of fault evictions, the policy would require landlords to provide the equivalent of three months’ rent as relocation assistance, and if they put the property back on the market within five years, they would have to offer it to the evicted tenant first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third ordinance would expand renters’ protections against harassment by landlords, adding prohibitions against actions like failing to provide maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salinas City Council is set to vote on adopting the policies by the end of September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "californias-2-7-billion-plan-to-expand-transitional-kindergarten-is-off-to-an-uneven-start",
"title": "California's $2.7 Billion Plan to Expand Transitional Kindergarten Is Off to an Uneven Start",
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"headTitle": "California’s $2.7 Billion Plan to Expand Transitional Kindergarten Is Off to an Uneven Start | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Gov. Gavin Newsom held \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwii7zCZmBM\">a press conference\u003c/a> at a Monterey County elementary school in May 2021, he announced historic funding for a pre-kindergarten grade, hailing his multibillion-dollar proposal as key to California’s pandemic recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Achieving universal access to transitional kindergarten for 4-year-olds, he said, “is so foundational and so important” toward narrowing the so-called \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2332858416657343\">readiness gap\u003c/a> between kids in lower-income families and those in middle-income families before their traditional schooling begins. Providing a free, high-quality early education program not only benefits youngsters but allows parents to return to the workforce, Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the beginning of a three-year, $2.7 billion plan to expand transitional kindergarten, or TK, is off to an uneven start. Administrators at some public school districts who had hoped expansion would offset the statewide decline in student enrollment are seeing low turnouts at the start of this school year. Other districts report high demand from parents seeking child care relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Early Childhood Education and Care' tag='early-childhood-education-and-care']In Salinas, about 400 students are eligible by age to enter transitional kindergarten, but less than half were enrolled when school began last week. It’s a sharp drop-off from pre-pandemic years, when nearly all children who were qualified for TK showed up, according to Jim Koenig, superintendent of Alisal Union School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the superintendent of the state’s largest school district, Los Angeles Unified, estimates that more than 10,000 school-age children weren’t registered for the school year that began Monday. He believes many of them are concentrated in the earliest grades, from transitional kindergarten through first grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very concerned about that loss of enrollment because we’re not seeing a spike of enrollment in other school settings,” Alberto M. Carvahlo said at a recent news conference, referring to private and charter schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carvahlo said school administrators went into neighborhoods to track the missing students, and found that many of their families moved out of state or shifted to homeschooling. In some cases, older students were staying home to care for their younger siblings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participation in TK was rising statewide before COVID-19, but dropped by 23% for the 2020-21 school year. The greatest decline was among Black and Native American children and kids from lower-income families, according to an analysis of enrollment data by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/what-do-enrollment-declines-mean-for-transitional-kindergarten/\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The lingering toll of COVID\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the Salinas Valley, the coronavirus hit the working class hard — and the toll has lingered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alisal Union district serves about 7,500 students, mostly children of immigrants and farmworkers in East Salinas, 70% of whom are English learners. Koenig thinks some of these working parents are still worried about COVID. Salinas, about 85 miles southeast of San Francisco, is the most populous city in Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re just still concerned about enrolling these very young kids in school and possibly exposing them to the virus,” Koenig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rate of COVID infection among farmworkers in the Salinas Valley was \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2784117&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1660681526314875&usg=AOvVaw0i9rhHkjup2AbnredunNuv\">four times higher\u003c/a> than in the rest of the local population during the later half of 2020, according to a study that suggested crowded housing as a contributing factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11922723\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut.jpg\" alt=\"a banner hangs on a school fence against a blue sky\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banner hangs on the fence outside Jesse G. Sanchez Elementary School in Salinas, encouraging parents to enroll students. The area is home to many migrant workers who were hit hard by COVID, and some educators think low enrollment is due to fears about exposing kids to the virus. \u003ccite>(Daisy Nguyen/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-a-h/health/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19/2019-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-local-data/vaccines\">Only 5% of children under 4\u003c/a> in Monterey County have gotten the COVID vaccine, though it’s not clear whether that is driving under-enrollment. Nationwide, children are behind on routine immunizations against illnesses such as measles, mumps and pertussis, which are required to attend public school. In California, the COVID vaccine will not be a requirement for students until at least the 2023-24 school year. Many school districts have relaxed masking rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School is not mandatory in California until kids turn 6, but years of research have detailed how pre-kindergarten shapes young brains and \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/duke_prekstudy_final_4-4-17_hires.pdf\">advances children’s development\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Julie Ellis, administrator for the TK rollout at the Simi Valley Unified School District\"]‘Pre-K education (was) mostly available through private preschools. And now we have a public institution that’s welcoming these 4-year-olds. It kind of levels the playing field for students to have early access to public education.’[/pullquote]Transitional kindergarten was created in California a decade ago to provide an extra year of schooling for kids who narrowly miss the cutoff to go to kindergarten. Until now, only older 4-year-olds were eligible to participate. Under the expansion plan, districts must gradually add more children, grouping them by their birth months so that by fall 2025, anyone who turns 4 by Sept. 1 can go to TK. As the program increases in size, the student-to-teacher ratio must lower to 10-to-1 by 2025 to ensure students get the attention they need. This year, the ratio is 12-to-1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luz Alonso said she looked into enrolling her 4-year-old daughter at a school operated by Alisal Union School District, and asked a school official if there would be enough staff to assist her child with potty training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I asked for support, they just said, ‘Well, she’s just going to have to do it on her own.’ I was like, ‘Oh, my goodness, that’s not what I want for her. That’s not right. I mean, they are too little (for TK),’” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alonso said she decided her child would be better off spending another year in a Head Start program, where class sizes are typically smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Leveling the playing field\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, school districts in San Diego and Simi Valley, which went ahead and accepted all 4-year-old children this school year, reported high application rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shows how much the community needs it,” said Julie Ellis, who helped oversee the TK rollout at the Simi Valley Unified School District. “Pre-K education (was) mostly available through private preschools. And now we have a public institution that’s welcoming these 4-year-olds. It kind of levels the playing field for students to have early access to public education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11922719\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"a woman with black hair prepares an elementary school classroom with colorful decorations\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flordeliza Dalit prepares her transitional kindergarten classroom on July 29, 2022, before welcoming students at Jesse G. Sanchez Elementary School in Salinas. \u003ccite>(Daisy Nguyen/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Koenig said his district tried to get out information about the new program to the parent community by word of mouth and through a bilingual ad campaign on local television. The week before school started, teachers like Flordeliza Dalit held open houses to introduce themselves and their classrooms to new students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dalit is teaching the only TK classroom at Sanchez Elementary School in Salinas. Low enrollment led the school district to consolidate a TK classroom at another school with hers. Right before the school year began, she prepared homework folders and care packages stuffed with wooden puzzles, pencils, erasers and candy to welcome her new students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When some kids stopped coming to her spacious and colorful classroom last year, the 64-year-old teacher called parents to learn why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these parents are migrant workers, so they work really early in the morning and the children had no one to drop them off,” Dalit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because TK will be most of her students’ first exposure to school or an adult who speaks English, she said she tries to make learning fun so children will hopefully want to come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She does this by providing a play-based curriculum where students are developing social-emotional, preliteracy and motor skills at their own pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t even know that they are learning,” Dalit said. “A lot of it is self-exploration and they are learning (by) themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Gov. Gavin Newsom hailed the program as a game-changer for early childhood education, working parents and even pandemic recovery — but many eligible families have been slow to enroll.",
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"title": "California's $2.7 Billion Plan to Expand Transitional Kindergarten Is Off to an Uneven Start | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Gov. Gavin Newsom held \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwii7zCZmBM\">a press conference\u003c/a> at a Monterey County elementary school in May 2021, he announced historic funding for a pre-kindergarten grade, hailing his multibillion-dollar proposal as key to California’s pandemic recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Achieving universal access to transitional kindergarten for 4-year-olds, he said, “is so foundational and so important” toward narrowing the so-called \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2332858416657343\">readiness gap\u003c/a> between kids in lower-income families and those in middle-income families before their traditional schooling begins. Providing a free, high-quality early education program not only benefits youngsters but allows parents to return to the workforce, Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the beginning of a three-year, $2.7 billion plan to expand transitional kindergarten, or TK, is off to an uneven start. Administrators at some public school districts who had hoped expansion would offset the statewide decline in student enrollment are seeing low turnouts at the start of this school year. Other districts report high demand from parents seeking child care relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In Salinas, about 400 students are eligible by age to enter transitional kindergarten, but less than half were enrolled when school began last week. It’s a sharp drop-off from pre-pandemic years, when nearly all children who were qualified for TK showed up, according to Jim Koenig, superintendent of Alisal Union School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the superintendent of the state’s largest school district, Los Angeles Unified, estimates that more than 10,000 school-age children weren’t registered for the school year that began Monday. He believes many of them are concentrated in the earliest grades, from transitional kindergarten through first grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very concerned about that loss of enrollment because we’re not seeing a spike of enrollment in other school settings,” Alberto M. Carvahlo said at a recent news conference, referring to private and charter schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carvahlo said school administrators went into neighborhoods to track the missing students, and found that many of their families moved out of state or shifted to homeschooling. In some cases, older students were staying home to care for their younger siblings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participation in TK was rising statewide before COVID-19, but dropped by 23% for the 2020-21 school year. The greatest decline was among Black and Native American children and kids from lower-income families, according to an analysis of enrollment data by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/what-do-enrollment-declines-mean-for-transitional-kindergarten/\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The lingering toll of COVID\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the Salinas Valley, the coronavirus hit the working class hard — and the toll has lingered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alisal Union district serves about 7,500 students, mostly children of immigrants and farmworkers in East Salinas, 70% of whom are English learners. Koenig thinks some of these working parents are still worried about COVID. Salinas, about 85 miles southeast of San Francisco, is the most populous city in Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re just still concerned about enrolling these very young kids in school and possibly exposing them to the virus,” Koenig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rate of COVID infection among farmworkers in the Salinas Valley was \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2784117&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1660681526314875&usg=AOvVaw0i9rhHkjup2AbnredunNuv\">four times higher\u003c/a> than in the rest of the local population during the later half of 2020, according to a study that suggested crowded housing as a contributing factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11922723\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut.jpg\" alt=\"a banner hangs on a school fence against a blue sky\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banner hangs on the fence outside Jesse G. Sanchez Elementary School in Salinas, encouraging parents to enroll students. The area is home to many migrant workers who were hit hard by COVID, and some educators think low enrollment is due to fears about exposing kids to the virus. \u003ccite>(Daisy Nguyen/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-a-h/health/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19/2019-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-local-data/vaccines\">Only 5% of children under 4\u003c/a> in Monterey County have gotten the COVID vaccine, though it’s not clear whether that is driving under-enrollment. Nationwide, children are behind on routine immunizations against illnesses such as measles, mumps and pertussis, which are required to attend public school. In California, the COVID vaccine will not be a requirement for students until at least the 2023-24 school year. Many school districts have relaxed masking rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School is not mandatory in California until kids turn 6, but years of research have detailed how pre-kindergarten shapes young brains and \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/duke_prekstudy_final_4-4-17_hires.pdf\">advances children’s development\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Transitional kindergarten was created in California a decade ago to provide an extra year of schooling for kids who narrowly miss the cutoff to go to kindergarten. Until now, only older 4-year-olds were eligible to participate. Under the expansion plan, districts must gradually add more children, grouping them by their birth months so that by fall 2025, anyone who turns 4 by Sept. 1 can go to TK. As the program increases in size, the student-to-teacher ratio must lower to 10-to-1 by 2025 to ensure students get the attention they need. This year, the ratio is 12-to-1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luz Alonso said she looked into enrolling her 4-year-old daughter at a school operated by Alisal Union School District, and asked a school official if there would be enough staff to assist her child with potty training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I asked for support, they just said, ‘Well, she’s just going to have to do it on her own.’ I was like, ‘Oh, my goodness, that’s not what I want for her. That’s not right. I mean, they are too little (for TK),’” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alonso said she decided her child would be better off spending another year in a Head Start program, where class sizes are typically smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Leveling the playing field\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, school districts in San Diego and Simi Valley, which went ahead and accepted all 4-year-old children this school year, reported high application rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shows how much the community needs it,” said Julie Ellis, who helped oversee the TK rollout at the Simi Valley Unified School District. “Pre-K education (was) mostly available through private preschools. And now we have a public institution that’s welcoming these 4-year-olds. It kind of levels the playing field for students to have early access to public education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11922719\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"a woman with black hair prepares an elementary school classroom with colorful decorations\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flordeliza Dalit prepares her transitional kindergarten classroom on July 29, 2022, before welcoming students at Jesse G. Sanchez Elementary School in Salinas. \u003ccite>(Daisy Nguyen/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Koenig said his district tried to get out information about the new program to the parent community by word of mouth and through a bilingual ad campaign on local television. The week before school started, teachers like Flordeliza Dalit held open houses to introduce themselves and their classrooms to new students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dalit is teaching the only TK classroom at Sanchez Elementary School in Salinas. Low enrollment led the school district to consolidate a TK classroom at another school with hers. Right before the school year began, she prepared homework folders and care packages stuffed with wooden puzzles, pencils, erasers and candy to welcome her new students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When some kids stopped coming to her spacious and colorful classroom last year, the 64-year-old teacher called parents to learn why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these parents are migrant workers, so they work really early in the morning and the children had no one to drop them off,” Dalit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because TK will be most of her students’ first exposure to school or an adult who speaks English, she said she tries to make learning fun so children will hopefully want to come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She does this by providing a play-based curriculum where students are developing social-emotional, preliteracy and motor skills at their own pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t even know that they are learning,” Dalit said. “A lot of it is self-exploration and they are learning (by) themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "is-there-a-story-behind-those-giant-paintings-off-central-valley-highways-yes-and-its-fraught",
"title": "'It's Kind of a Weird Message': The Fraught Story Behind Those Giant Paintings Off Central Valley Highways",
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"headTitle": "‘It’s Kind of a Weird Message’: The Fraught Story Behind Those Giant Paintings Off Central Valley Highways | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s Central Valley boasts some beautiful landscapes, often missed by drivers bombing down I-5 between Northern and Southern California. But if you’ve ever driven to, say, Salinas or Carmel, you may have noticed some giant art along the way. Scattered throughout the area, off many different roads, are hundreds of brightly colored plywood cutout scenes of Americana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Nick Loey drives these roads regularly and has often wondered about these giant art pieces — some of which are over 20 feet tall — sticking up in random fields in remote locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have a very distinct style, sort of like pop art, that depict what seem to be farmworkers doing jobs in the field or sort of just posing with their pets or farm equipment,” Loey said. He wants to know “whether or not there’s some story behind that set of art. Is it an exposition for a specific artist? Is it a history piece that you’re supposed to admire and enjoy as you’re driving down the freeway, or is it something more?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answering Nick’s question took us into artist studios and farmworker communities. And like so many things, this art means different things depending on who you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>“Farmer & Irrigator”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve never seen these art pieces before, I can’t stress to you how large they are when you get up close to them. But driving by, the static cutouts almost feel interactive. From far away, it can look like figures crouched in the field or standing, surveying the day’s work. It’s only as drivers get closer that they realize the figures aren’t real people at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most iconic of these giant artworks is “Farmer & Irrigator,” found in a field along Highway 68 in Salinas, near an agricultural education center called The Farm. It depicts two men facing away from the highway and toward the landscape. One is standing, leaning his foot on a shovel digging into the dirt, while the other kneels, a handful of dirt in hand, as he surveys the view. Closer to the road, an older man dressed in plaid and a straw hat holds two cabbages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.johncerneymurals.com/index.html\">John Cerney, the artist behind “Farmer & Irrigator,”\u003c/a> along with about 150 other plywood cutout paintings of this style in California, worked in agriculture for close to seven years. He created the art as an homage to the farmworkers providing the country with fresh produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My first job was picking strawberries when I was 15 years old,” Cerney said. “I know how hard the work is. They get up early and it’s a rough life. They’re still underpaid. They work hard and I was happy to get that first gig and elevate them and draw attention to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is, many farmworkers living in these agricultural communities and driving by the art every day don’t feel the same way. That’s in large part because most of the figures are depicted with white or light-colored skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11920662\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11920662\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan.jpg\" alt=\"A large painting of a man with a white mustache, hat and tan jacket stands near the edge of a field, next to the road. The man holds two cabbages with more at his feet.\" width=\"1700\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan.jpg 1700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-800x753.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-1020x960.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-160x151.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-1536x1446.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1700px) 100vw, 1700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the 11 subjects in Cerney’s “Farmer & Irrigator” installation. Closest to the road, the painting is often vandalized. \u003ccite>(Cesar Saldaña/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, for me, that represents the growers,” said Lauro Barajas, regional director for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ufwfoundation.org/\">United Farm Workers\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz and Monterey counties. “It’s a nice painting, but it’s kind of a weird message.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been almost 100 years since white farmers worked the land in Salinas, Barajas said. Today, immigrants, most of whom are from states in southern Mexico like Chiapas, Guerrero and Oaxaca, are the ones doing the backbreaking labor of producing food for the country. And they don’t see themselves represented in this artwork.[aside label='Farmworker Support Orgs' link1='https://farmworkerfamily.org,Center For Farmworker Families' link2='https://www.ufwfoundation.org,UFW Foundation']Although some of the subjects in Cerney’s installation are based on photographs of Latinos, the ones that are most easily seen by the public don’t appear to be. Some community members noted that farmworkers work hard to sustain their families and the country’s food supply with their labor, so it’s disheartening to see white or white-passing people take the credit in these highly visible art pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the inception of the UFW, when you do see farmworkers in art pieces, they are usually pretty positive,” said labor-rights activist Dolores Huerta, who co-founded the United Farmworkers (UFW) alongside Larry Itliong and César Chavez. Huerta drove by one of Cerney’s paintings recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they’re not farmworkers; they’re the farmers. They are the growers or the owners of the land, not the people that are actually doing the work,” Huerta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerney confirmed this, saying that the owner of the land commissioned “Farmer & Irrigator” in 1995, directing Cerney to paint himself and members of his family alongside the fieldworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The tensions of public art\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When I told Cerney that some members of the farmworker community don’t feel seen in the installation, he was saddened. He never intended to misrepresent the farmworking community and said that he is just trying to make a living as an artist, something that’s difficult to do nowadays. He uses the commissions he receives to subsidize the work he’s truly passionate about making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11920663\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1076px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11920663\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney.jpg\" alt=\"A middle aged man in a white long sleeved tee shirt and baseball hat poses near a fence. In a trick of perspective, it looks like a giant hand next to him holds a mirror with James' Dean's face reflected.\" width=\"1076\" height=\"878\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney.jpg 1076w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney-800x653.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney-1020x832.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney-160x131.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1076px) 100vw, 1076px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist John Cerney standing near the entrance of his studio where he creates giant highway paintings. Cerney often paints portraits of American celebrities like Marilyn Monroe, James Dean and Aretha Franklin. \u003ccite>(Cesar Saldaña/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If it were left to myself — even though I grew up in this farming area and I worked in the (agriculture) industry myself for eight or nine years before I went to college — I wouldn’t have necessarily picked that,” he said. “It’s just that they asked me to do it, they were paying me, and I’m a hired gun. I did what they wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Loey, who first asked about this art, wondered if they were part of a “history piece.” While not intended as such, in many ways they are a testament to the age-old discrepancy in power between landowners who are seen and laborers who are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Cerney’s intentions were good, the thing about public art is that once it’s out there, the artist ceases to be part of the equation. The work is no longer about intent, but rather about the impact it has on those viewing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Drive south down Highway 101 or 68, among others, and you'll likely see giant paintings depicting farm scenes and rural life. We find out what it's all about from the artist who made them famous and get reactions from people living and working in agricultural communities near them.",
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"title": "'It's Kind of a Weird Message': The Fraught Story Behind Those Giant Paintings Off Central Valley Highways | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s Central Valley boasts some beautiful landscapes, often missed by drivers bombing down I-5 between Northern and Southern California. But if you’ve ever driven to, say, Salinas or Carmel, you may have noticed some giant art along the way. Scattered throughout the area, off many different roads, are hundreds of brightly colored plywood cutout scenes of Americana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Nick Loey drives these roads regularly and has often wondered about these giant art pieces — some of which are over 20 feet tall — sticking up in random fields in remote locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have a very distinct style, sort of like pop art, that depict what seem to be farmworkers doing jobs in the field or sort of just posing with their pets or farm equipment,” Loey said. He wants to know “whether or not there’s some story behind that set of art. Is it an exposition for a specific artist? Is it a history piece that you’re supposed to admire and enjoy as you’re driving down the freeway, or is it something more?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answering Nick’s question took us into artist studios and farmworker communities. And like so many things, this art means different things depending on who you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>“Farmer & Irrigator”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve never seen these art pieces before, I can’t stress to you how large they are when you get up close to them. But driving by, the static cutouts almost feel interactive. From far away, it can look like figures crouched in the field or standing, surveying the day’s work. It’s only as drivers get closer that they realize the figures aren’t real people at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most iconic of these giant artworks is “Farmer & Irrigator,” found in a field along Highway 68 in Salinas, near an agricultural education center called The Farm. It depicts two men facing away from the highway and toward the landscape. One is standing, leaning his foot on a shovel digging into the dirt, while the other kneels, a handful of dirt in hand, as he surveys the view. Closer to the road, an older man dressed in plaid and a straw hat holds two cabbages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.johncerneymurals.com/index.html\">John Cerney, the artist behind “Farmer & Irrigator,”\u003c/a> along with about 150 other plywood cutout paintings of this style in California, worked in agriculture for close to seven years. He created the art as an homage to the farmworkers providing the country with fresh produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My first job was picking strawberries when I was 15 years old,” Cerney said. “I know how hard the work is. They get up early and it’s a rough life. They’re still underpaid. They work hard and I was happy to get that first gig and elevate them and draw attention to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is, many farmworkers living in these agricultural communities and driving by the art every day don’t feel the same way. That’s in large part because most of the figures are depicted with white or light-colored skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11920662\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11920662\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan.jpg\" alt=\"A large painting of a man with a white mustache, hat and tan jacket stands near the edge of a field, next to the road. The man holds two cabbages with more at his feet.\" width=\"1700\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan.jpg 1700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-800x753.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-1020x960.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-160x151.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-1536x1446.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1700px) 100vw, 1700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the 11 subjects in Cerney’s “Farmer & Irrigator” installation. Closest to the road, the painting is often vandalized. \u003ccite>(Cesar Saldaña/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, for me, that represents the growers,” said Lauro Barajas, regional director for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ufwfoundation.org/\">United Farm Workers\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz and Monterey counties. “It’s a nice painting, but it’s kind of a weird message.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been almost 100 years since white farmers worked the land in Salinas, Barajas said. Today, immigrants, most of whom are from states in southern Mexico like Chiapas, Guerrero and Oaxaca, are the ones doing the backbreaking labor of producing food for the country. And they don’t see themselves represented in this artwork.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Although some of the subjects in Cerney’s installation are based on photographs of Latinos, the ones that are most easily seen by the public don’t appear to be. Some community members noted that farmworkers work hard to sustain their families and the country’s food supply with their labor, so it’s disheartening to see white or white-passing people take the credit in these highly visible art pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the inception of the UFW, when you do see farmworkers in art pieces, they are usually pretty positive,” said labor-rights activist Dolores Huerta, who co-founded the United Farmworkers (UFW) alongside Larry Itliong and César Chavez. Huerta drove by one of Cerney’s paintings recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they’re not farmworkers; they’re the farmers. They are the growers or the owners of the land, not the people that are actually doing the work,” Huerta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerney confirmed this, saying that the owner of the land commissioned “Farmer & Irrigator” in 1995, directing Cerney to paint himself and members of his family alongside the fieldworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The tensions of public art\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When I told Cerney that some members of the farmworker community don’t feel seen in the installation, he was saddened. He never intended to misrepresent the farmworking community and said that he is just trying to make a living as an artist, something that’s difficult to do nowadays. He uses the commissions he receives to subsidize the work he’s truly passionate about making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11920663\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1076px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11920663\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney.jpg\" alt=\"A middle aged man in a white long sleeved tee shirt and baseball hat poses near a fence. In a trick of perspective, it looks like a giant hand next to him holds a mirror with James' Dean's face reflected.\" width=\"1076\" height=\"878\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney.jpg 1076w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney-800x653.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney-1020x832.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney-160x131.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1076px) 100vw, 1076px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist John Cerney standing near the entrance of his studio where he creates giant highway paintings. Cerney often paints portraits of American celebrities like Marilyn Monroe, James Dean and Aretha Franklin. \u003ccite>(Cesar Saldaña/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If it were left to myself — even though I grew up in this farming area and I worked in the (agriculture) industry myself for eight or nine years before I went to college — I wouldn’t have necessarily picked that,” he said. “It’s just that they asked me to do it, they were paying me, and I’m a hired gun. I did what they wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Loey, who first asked about this art, wondered if they were part of a “history piece.” While not intended as such, in many ways they are a testament to the age-old discrepancy in power between landowners who are seen and laborers who are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Cerney’s intentions were good, the thing about public art is that once it’s out there, the artist ceases to be part of the equation. The work is no longer about intent, but rather about the impact it has on those viewing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the agricultural town of Salinas, California, police Officer William Yetter repeatedly makes mistakes. First there’s a stolen bike he doesn’t investigate. Then, his bosses discover he’s not filing police reports on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police get a call from a mother whose 14-year-old daughter hasn’t returned home from school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Yetter comes across a car parked in a public area. The windows are fogged with steam. When the officer gets a look inside the vehicle, he finds a 23-year-old man without his shirt on and a girl with disheveled clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the missing 14-year-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yetter doesn’t write a report, investigate or arrest the 23-year-old man. He is allowed to leave, and another officer brings the girl home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years later, something similar happens to the girl’s younger sister. She’s in seventh grade when she’s exploited by an older man. Police miss opportunities to intervene until she is taken across the border into Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this episode, we look at the steps the department took to investigate Yetter’s alleged misconduct and the investigative steps that were missed along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow On Our Watch on \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spotify\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=998011488:998413542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast app. This podcast is produced as part of the\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem> California Reporting Project\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a coalition of news organizations in California\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">npr.org\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the agricultural town of Salinas, California, police Officer William Yetter repeatedly makes mistakes. First there’s a stolen bike he doesn’t investigate. Then, his bosses discover he’s not filing police reports on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police get a call from a mother whose 14-year-old daughter hasn’t returned home from school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Yetter comes across a car parked in a public area. The windows are fogged with steam. When the officer gets a look inside the vehicle, he finds a 23-year-old man without his shirt on and a girl with disheveled clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the missing 14-year-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yetter doesn’t write a report, investigate or arrest the 23-year-old man. He is allowed to leave, and another officer brings the girl home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years later, something similar happens to the girl’s younger sister. She’s in seventh grade when she’s exploited by an older man. Police miss opportunities to intervene until she is taken across the border into Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this episode, we look at the steps the department took to investigate Yetter’s alleged misconduct and the investigative steps that were missed along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow On Our Watch on \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spotify\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=998011488:998413542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast app. This podcast is produced as part of the\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem> California Reporting Project\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a coalition of news organizations in California\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">npr.org\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Farmworkers Can’t Pick Crops Remotely. How Can They Stay Safe?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Maricruz Ladino spends long nights in a freezing lettuce cooler, inspecting and packaging pre-washed salad mixes. She usually starts her shift around 4 p.m., after the pickers are done in the fields, working until at least 2 or 3 in the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine, what happens if one of us gets sick and we still have to work?” asked Ladino in Spanish. She worries about getting exposed to the coronavirus at the packing plant where she stands on a line only about a foot apart from other workers. They come into even closer contact when passing off packages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although farming and food production are considered “essential businesses” exempt from California’s statewide shelter-in-place order, agricultural employers are having a hard time navigating guidance from public health officials on how to keep workers safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ladino said her boss held a meeting recently to remind workers to wash their hands more frequently. They need to wear gloves and a hair net as usual, but now they’re also wearing masks over their noses and mouths. Ladino said the truck drivers who transport the produce can’t come into the plant directly anymore but must wait outside in their trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘If They Get Sick … The Whole Country’s Going to Suffer’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s farm belt pumps out more than a third of the country’s vegetables and two-thirds of its fruits and nuts every year. But during the COVID-19 pandemic, employers who manage the state’s orchards, packing sheds and fields of row crops are faced with a dilemma: continue operating and hope that workers don’t get sick or shutter their doors, forcing workers to file for unemployment and putting the country’s food supply at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-during-emergencies/food-safety-and-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19\">Food and Drug Administration is reassuring\u003c/a> consumers that there’s no evidence of COVID-19 transmission through food or food packaging. Another question, however, is how to keep farmworkers safe from exposure on the job when social distancing is often difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Miguel Arias, Fresno City Council president\"]“My biggest concern with the undocumented residents is that they’re going to be scared to come in and be checked and ask for a test, even though we know that they’re sick.”[/pullquote]\u003cbr>\nLupe Sandoval, managing director of the California Farm Labor Contractor Association, said guidelines released by agencies like the state’s Division of Occupational Safety and Health, the California Department of Public Health and the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention so far have been generic and lack the specific guidance agricultural employers need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How many industries do you see where the employer provides group transportation?” Sandoval said. “Ag is a little different. A lot of workers will get together in vans to drive to the job site. Or an employer will be registered with the federal government to bus workers to the job site. When you have 20-25 workers in a bus, or fewer in a van, it makes it difficult for social distancing and would entail more extensive disinfecting of common surfaces in vehicles before and after rides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers also often share drinking water dispensers in the fields and sometimes work in close proximity to one another, which can make social distancing a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Polizzi, a spokesperson for the California Department of Industrial Relations (DIR), said the agency recently began working on industry-specific guidance for agricultural workers, after receiving questions from employers. DIR plans to publish the guidance in English this week and in Spanish soon after, Polizzi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erica Rosasco, an agricultural employment attorney in Roseville, said she has received a flood of calls from employers with questions about how to comply with labor laws during the coronavirus outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to know how to deal with the virus and how to deal with sick employees. I have had some clients whose employees are sick and they believe they do have the virus,” Rosasco said. “So, what are their responsibilities, what are their obligations, what’s best practice?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11808286\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11808286\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-800x437.jpg\" alt=\"Farmworkers harvest strawberries at a farm in Carlsbad, California, in April 2006.\" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-800x437.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-160x87.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-1020x558.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-1920x1050.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers harvest strawberries at a farm in Carlsbad, California, in April 2006. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At least workers are unlikely to be laid off, Rosasco said. She said she is advising employers to move forward with agricultural work and give workers assurance they will continue to have a job during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because [workers are] nervous about the idea of the shelter-in-place orders, what’s going to happen to them? They live paycheck to paycheck. They’re worried about it,” Rosasco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s part of the supply chain. If our ag workers don’t keep working, we’re not going to have fruits and veggies in the markets,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Fresno City Council President Miguel Arias said he’s worried about undocumented farmworkers who lack health care coverage and might wait as long as possible before seeking treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest concern with the undocumented residents is that they’re going to be scared to come in and be checked and ask for a test, even though we know that they’re sick,” Arias said. “They’re so used to going to work, irrespective of their health conditions or whether they’re under the weather and running a fever, that once they begin to use our health care system for the coronavirus, our health care system will be overwhelmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Fresno City Councilman Luis Chavez sent a letter to Democratic Fresno congressman Jim Costa requesting additional federal funding for protective gear for health workers and support for rural clinics to help treat a “potential overflow of patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That needs to be a part of this conversation as we’re preparing a response — to have [farmworkers] be prioritized,” Chavez said. “Because if they get sick and they’re not there, the whole country’s going to suffer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"coronavirus\" label=\"more coronavirus coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Workplace Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State labor officials said they are committed to enforcing California law when it comes to protections for low-wage workers, including farmworkers who may be undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current public health crisis has really highlighted the differences between those workers who have ‘Cadillac’ operations and have protections and paid benefits, versus the majority of workers in California who do not have those protections or privileges,” said Lilia Garcia-Brower, California’s labor commissioner. Her staff of 700 investigates and adjudicates workplace violations ranging from unpaid wages to retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia-Brower said her office is trying to “ensure that we reach the most vulnerable workers, those workers providing critical services, and that everyone understands that regardless of your immigration status, you do have basic protections for unpaid time, for paid sick leave and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/2019-Novel-Coronavirus.htm\">other protections in the labor code.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law mandates three days of sick leave. Beyond that, workers can also apply for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11806938/how-to-file-for-unemployment-in-california-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic\">disability and paid family leave\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But undocumented workers cannot collect unemployment. To qualify, workers must show legal work authorization and immigration status, said a spokesperson for California’s Economic Development Department (EDD) in an email. EDD also confirmed that it verifies immigration status with the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook poll conducted in early March by the United Farm Workers union found over 90% of roughly 270 respondents — the majority from California, Washington and Oregon — said they had not received any information about the coronavirus from their employer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UFW has \u003ca href=\"https://ufw.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID-19-2020-Open-Letter-from-UFW-FINAL.pdf\">called on employers\u003c/a> to extend worker sick pay to 40 hours or more and to eliminate the 90-day waiting period for new employees to be eligible for sick pay, among other changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/UFWupdates/status/1241726492717076482?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kqed.org%2Fnews%2F11808267%2F11808267-autosave-v1\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘I’ll Pay for the Test’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether farmworkers get sick, have to stay home and care for children or can’t get a visa to work in the U.S., the coronavirus could threaten the country’s supply of farm labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. farms have become \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11778033/can-a-costly-guest-worker-program-meet-californias-need-for-farm-labor\">increasingly reliant\u003c/a> on the H-2A program over the years, which allows workers to come to the U.S. to plant, prune and harvest crops on a seasonal basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, U.S. consulates in Mexico \u003ca href=\"https://mx.usembassy.gov/status-of-u-s-consular-operations-in-mexico-in-light-of-covid-19/?fbclid=IwAR2GCu9JbyZaV8Gj2jDnz_ZuXcu44so90R90tKNG1zUU_z5tfPKKpgkH6Rs\">announced\u003c/a> they would scale back their operations to maintain social distancing while prioritizing applications for returning H-2A guest workers who are eligible for an interview waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, a spokesperson for the U.S. Department of Agriculture said the agency is “directly engaged with the State Department and working diligently to ensure minimal disruption in H-2A visa applications,” and that the Trump administration is “doing everything possible” to keep the program going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all scared to death,” said Ileana Arvizu, a farm labor contractor and president of ISA Contracting Services based in Firebaugh, west of Fresno. “We need those workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arvizu said she would be willing to pay for H-2A workers to be tested for the coronavirus if it meant the workers would arrive in the U.S. in time for the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they decide that they want to make sure that they’re clear and safe, [that] they’re not coming in with the virus, I’ll pay for the test. Whether it’s in Mexico, before they actually depart, or at any point,” Arvizu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11780792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11780792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS18893_GettyImages-453973236-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"A worker harvests cantaloupes on a farm near Firebaugh, California, on August 22, 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker harvests cantaloupes on a farm near Firebaugh, California, on Aug. 22, 2014. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The degree of impact a loss of workers will have depends on how long the current restrictions stay in place, said Daniel Costa (no relation to Rep. Jim Costa), director of immigration law and policy research at the Economic Policy Institute, a think tank based in a Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/publication/coronavirus-and-farmworkers-h-2a/\">report\u003c/a> out Tuesday, Costa and UC Davis professor Philip Martin project that if only returning H-2A workers are processed for the next two months, the impact will likely be minor because farm employment in March and April is typically low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if this practice stays in place for six months or more, during which no new applicants for H-2A visas can enter the United States,” Costa and Martin write, “the impact could be significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If fewer guest workers are allowed into the U.S. and domestic farm workers get sick or have to stay home to care for children, farms will either have to pay overtime or recruit new workers. That means U.S.-born workers could be recruited to work in agriculture, Daniel Costa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Maricruz Ladino, farmworker\"]“This crisis is going to touch all of us. It’s a time for reflecting, re-evaluating what’s important.”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s obviously the big question,” he said. “In California, there’s about to be 1.6 million unemployed workers. Will those workers take those jobs? It’s an experiment that’s about to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But farm labor contractor Jasmine Quintanilla said she thinks that’s unlikely, even if many people are out of a job due to the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quintanilla said she tried hiring U.S.-born workers during past labor shortages, but they quit on their own after just a couple of hours. Workers who are new to agriculture lack experience, which presents a problem for labor contractors under pressure to work quickly and meet the expectations of growers, Quintanilla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t really afford new people … inexperienced people,” Quintanilla said. “People that have never worked in the field, they won’t even come out there. They’ll be like, ‘Heck no, this is too hard.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Uncertainty in the Fields\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many farms are scrambling to send more produce to supermarkets these days, farmworker Maricruz Ladino says her shifts at the packing house have become more irregular over the last week. Sometimes, there’s only a few hours of work, or workers are told to stand by to see if there will be shifts at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do see some hiccups … given the restaurant shutdowns across the country. Those orders have suddenly stopped,” said Dave Puglia, president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wga.com/\">Western Growers\u003c/a>, representing fresh produce growers in California and Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would think that we could simply redirect those fresh produce crops into the retail sector, especially because we have shortages in stores. But it unfortunately isn’t that simple,” Puglia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because farms have to work out new contracts, Puglia said, and figure out the capacity of shipping companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11808285\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11808285\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS5166_5Maricruz-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Maricruz Ladino inspecting lettuce at a Salinas packing plant. \" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS5166_5Maricruz-sfi.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS5166_5Maricruz-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maricruz Ladino inspecting lettuce at a Salinas packing plant. \u003ccite>(Andres Cediel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ladino earns about $16 an hour as a supervisor in the packing cooler. Her rent on the one-bedroom she shares with her daughter in Salinas is $1,600. Every hour she’s not paid to work, she’s farther from making rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could get really tough. Work is how we feed our families. If things change, it’s so uncertain. How will we ever get ahead?” Ladino said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A formerly undocumented immigrant, Ladino is also worried that the coronavirus will stall immigration reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This crisis is going to touch all of us,” Ladino said. “It’s a time for reflecting, re-evaluating what’s important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s The California Report first profiled Ladino in 2013 for “Rape in the Fields,” a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/rape-in-the-fields/\">Frontline film\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10341215/farmworkers-face-rape-and-a-system-that-doesnt-aid-them\">radio series\u003c/a> about farmworkers facing sexual harassment and assault, which was produced in collaboration with the Investigative Reporting Program at UC Berkeley and the Center for Investigative Reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Maricruz Ladino spends long nights in a freezing lettuce cooler, inspecting and packaging pre-washed salad mixes. She usually starts her shift around 4 p.m., after the pickers are done in the fields, working until at least 2 or 3 in the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine, what happens if one of us gets sick and we still have to work?” asked Ladino in Spanish. She worries about getting exposed to the coronavirus at the packing plant where she stands on a line only about a foot apart from other workers. They come into even closer contact when passing off packages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although farming and food production are considered “essential businesses” exempt from California’s statewide shelter-in-place order, agricultural employers are having a hard time navigating guidance from public health officials on how to keep workers safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ladino said her boss held a meeting recently to remind workers to wash their hands more frequently. They need to wear gloves and a hair net as usual, but now they’re also wearing masks over their noses and mouths. Ladino said the truck drivers who transport the produce can’t come into the plant directly anymore but must wait outside in their trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘If They Get Sick … The Whole Country’s Going to Suffer’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s farm belt pumps out more than a third of the country’s vegetables and two-thirds of its fruits and nuts every year. But during the COVID-19 pandemic, employers who manage the state’s orchards, packing sheds and fields of row crops are faced with a dilemma: continue operating and hope that workers don’t get sick or shutter their doors, forcing workers to file for unemployment and putting the country’s food supply at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-during-emergencies/food-safety-and-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19\">Food and Drug Administration is reassuring\u003c/a> consumers that there’s no evidence of COVID-19 transmission through food or food packaging. Another question, however, is how to keep farmworkers safe from exposure on the job when social distancing is often difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nLupe Sandoval, managing director of the California Farm Labor Contractor Association, said guidelines released by agencies like the state’s Division of Occupational Safety and Health, the California Department of Public Health and the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention so far have been generic and lack the specific guidance agricultural employers need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How many industries do you see where the employer provides group transportation?” Sandoval said. “Ag is a little different. A lot of workers will get together in vans to drive to the job site. Or an employer will be registered with the federal government to bus workers to the job site. When you have 20-25 workers in a bus, or fewer in a van, it makes it difficult for social distancing and would entail more extensive disinfecting of common surfaces in vehicles before and after rides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers also often share drinking water dispensers in the fields and sometimes work in close proximity to one another, which can make social distancing a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Polizzi, a spokesperson for the California Department of Industrial Relations (DIR), said the agency recently began working on industry-specific guidance for agricultural workers, after receiving questions from employers. DIR plans to publish the guidance in English this week and in Spanish soon after, Polizzi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erica Rosasco, an agricultural employment attorney in Roseville, said she has received a flood of calls from employers with questions about how to comply with labor laws during the coronavirus outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to know how to deal with the virus and how to deal with sick employees. I have had some clients whose employees are sick and they believe they do have the virus,” Rosasco said. “So, what are their responsibilities, what are their obligations, what’s best practice?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11808286\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11808286\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-800x437.jpg\" alt=\"Farmworkers harvest strawberries at a farm in Carlsbad, California, in April 2006.\" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-800x437.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-160x87.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-1020x558.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-1920x1050.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers harvest strawberries at a farm in Carlsbad, California, in April 2006. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At least workers are unlikely to be laid off, Rosasco said. She said she is advising employers to move forward with agricultural work and give workers assurance they will continue to have a job during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because [workers are] nervous about the idea of the shelter-in-place orders, what’s going to happen to them? They live paycheck to paycheck. They’re worried about it,” Rosasco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s part of the supply chain. If our ag workers don’t keep working, we’re not going to have fruits and veggies in the markets,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Fresno City Council President Miguel Arias said he’s worried about undocumented farmworkers who lack health care coverage and might wait as long as possible before seeking treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest concern with the undocumented residents is that they’re going to be scared to come in and be checked and ask for a test, even though we know that they’re sick,” Arias said. “They’re so used to going to work, irrespective of their health conditions or whether they’re under the weather and running a fever, that once they begin to use our health care system for the coronavirus, our health care system will be overwhelmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Fresno City Councilman Luis Chavez sent a letter to Democratic Fresno congressman Jim Costa requesting additional federal funding for protective gear for health workers and support for rural clinics to help treat a “potential overflow of patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That needs to be a part of this conversation as we’re preparing a response — to have [farmworkers] be prioritized,” Chavez said. “Because if they get sick and they’re not there, the whole country’s going to suffer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Workplace Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State labor officials said they are committed to enforcing California law when it comes to protections for low-wage workers, including farmworkers who may be undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current public health crisis has really highlighted the differences between those workers who have ‘Cadillac’ operations and have protections and paid benefits, versus the majority of workers in California who do not have those protections or privileges,” said Lilia Garcia-Brower, California’s labor commissioner. Her staff of 700 investigates and adjudicates workplace violations ranging from unpaid wages to retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia-Brower said her office is trying to “ensure that we reach the most vulnerable workers, those workers providing critical services, and that everyone understands that regardless of your immigration status, you do have basic protections for unpaid time, for paid sick leave and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/2019-Novel-Coronavirus.htm\">other protections in the labor code.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law mandates three days of sick leave. Beyond that, workers can also apply for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11806938/how-to-file-for-unemployment-in-california-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic\">disability and paid family leave\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But undocumented workers cannot collect unemployment. To qualify, workers must show legal work authorization and immigration status, said a spokesperson for California’s Economic Development Department (EDD) in an email. EDD also confirmed that it verifies immigration status with the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook poll conducted in early March by the United Farm Workers union found over 90% of roughly 270 respondents — the majority from California, Washington and Oregon — said they had not received any information about the coronavirus from their employer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UFW has \u003ca href=\"https://ufw.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID-19-2020-Open-Letter-from-UFW-FINAL.pdf\">called on employers\u003c/a> to extend worker sick pay to 40 hours or more and to eliminate the 90-day waiting period for new employees to be eligible for sick pay, among other changes.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘I’ll Pay for the Test’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether farmworkers get sick, have to stay home and care for children or can’t get a visa to work in the U.S., the coronavirus could threaten the country’s supply of farm labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. farms have become \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11778033/can-a-costly-guest-worker-program-meet-californias-need-for-farm-labor\">increasingly reliant\u003c/a> on the H-2A program over the years, which allows workers to come to the U.S. to plant, prune and harvest crops on a seasonal basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, U.S. consulates in Mexico \u003ca href=\"https://mx.usembassy.gov/status-of-u-s-consular-operations-in-mexico-in-light-of-covid-19/?fbclid=IwAR2GCu9JbyZaV8Gj2jDnz_ZuXcu44so90R90tKNG1zUU_z5tfPKKpgkH6Rs\">announced\u003c/a> they would scale back their operations to maintain social distancing while prioritizing applications for returning H-2A guest workers who are eligible for an interview waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, a spokesperson for the U.S. Department of Agriculture said the agency is “directly engaged with the State Department and working diligently to ensure minimal disruption in H-2A visa applications,” and that the Trump administration is “doing everything possible” to keep the program going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all scared to death,” said Ileana Arvizu, a farm labor contractor and president of ISA Contracting Services based in Firebaugh, west of Fresno. “We need those workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arvizu said she would be willing to pay for H-2A workers to be tested for the coronavirus if it meant the workers would arrive in the U.S. in time for the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they decide that they want to make sure that they’re clear and safe, [that] they’re not coming in with the virus, I’ll pay for the test. Whether it’s in Mexico, before they actually depart, or at any point,” Arvizu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11780792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11780792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS18893_GettyImages-453973236-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"A worker harvests cantaloupes on a farm near Firebaugh, California, on August 22, 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker harvests cantaloupes on a farm near Firebaugh, California, on Aug. 22, 2014. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The degree of impact a loss of workers will have depends on how long the current restrictions stay in place, said Daniel Costa (no relation to Rep. Jim Costa), director of immigration law and policy research at the Economic Policy Institute, a think tank based in a Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/publication/coronavirus-and-farmworkers-h-2a/\">report\u003c/a> out Tuesday, Costa and UC Davis professor Philip Martin project that if only returning H-2A workers are processed for the next two months, the impact will likely be minor because farm employment in March and April is typically low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if this practice stays in place for six months or more, during which no new applicants for H-2A visas can enter the United States,” Costa and Martin write, “the impact could be significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If fewer guest workers are allowed into the U.S. and domestic farm workers get sick or have to stay home to care for children, farms will either have to pay overtime or recruit new workers. That means U.S.-born workers could be recruited to work in agriculture, Daniel Costa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "“This crisis is going to touch all of us. It’s a time for reflecting, re-evaluating what’s important.”",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s obviously the big question,” he said. “In California, there’s about to be 1.6 million unemployed workers. Will those workers take those jobs? It’s an experiment that’s about to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But farm labor contractor Jasmine Quintanilla said she thinks that’s unlikely, even if many people are out of a job due to the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quintanilla said she tried hiring U.S.-born workers during past labor shortages, but they quit on their own after just a couple of hours. Workers who are new to agriculture lack experience, which presents a problem for labor contractors under pressure to work quickly and meet the expectations of growers, Quintanilla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t really afford new people … inexperienced people,” Quintanilla said. “People that have never worked in the field, they won’t even come out there. They’ll be like, ‘Heck no, this is too hard.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Uncertainty in the Fields\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many farms are scrambling to send more produce to supermarkets these days, farmworker Maricruz Ladino says her shifts at the packing house have become more irregular over the last week. Sometimes, there’s only a few hours of work, or workers are told to stand by to see if there will be shifts at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do see some hiccups … given the restaurant shutdowns across the country. Those orders have suddenly stopped,” said Dave Puglia, president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wga.com/\">Western Growers\u003c/a>, representing fresh produce growers in California and Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would think that we could simply redirect those fresh produce crops into the retail sector, especially because we have shortages in stores. But it unfortunately isn’t that simple,” Puglia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because farms have to work out new contracts, Puglia said, and figure out the capacity of shipping companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11808285\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11808285\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS5166_5Maricruz-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Maricruz Ladino inspecting lettuce at a Salinas packing plant. \" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS5166_5Maricruz-sfi.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS5166_5Maricruz-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maricruz Ladino inspecting lettuce at a Salinas packing plant. \u003ccite>(Andres Cediel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ladino earns about $16 an hour as a supervisor in the packing cooler. Her rent on the one-bedroom she shares with her daughter in Salinas is $1,600. Every hour she’s not paid to work, she’s farther from making rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could get really tough. Work is how we feed our families. If things change, it’s so uncertain. How will we ever get ahead?” Ladino said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A formerly undocumented immigrant, Ladino is also worried that the coronavirus will stall immigration reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This crisis is going to touch all of us,” Ladino said. “It’s a time for reflecting, re-evaluating what’s important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s The California Report first profiled Ladino in 2013 for “Rape in the Fields,” a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/rape-in-the-fields/\">Frontline film\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10341215/farmworkers-face-rape-and-a-system-that-doesnt-aid-them\">radio series\u003c/a> about farmworkers facing sexual harassment and assault, which was produced in collaboration with the Investigative Reporting Program at UC Berkeley and the Center for Investigative Reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Asthma, Mold and Mice: California's Housing Crisis Sickens Families",
"title": "Asthma, Mold and Mice: California's Housing Crisis Sickens Families",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tanya Harris and her three daughters struggle to breathe in the converted motel room in Salinas they now rent as a studio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just large enough for a bunk bed and a desk, the room holds all four of them. Harris sleeps on a silver inflatable mattress on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors say the room is making Harris and her daughters sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s housing crisis has resulted in more and more families like Harris’ living in substandard and overcrowded conditions, and local health officials say those conditions threaten residents’ health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803970\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803970\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-800x564.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tanya Harris (left) and her daughters Heaven (right) and Getsemani (top bunk) have asthma. \u003ccite>(David Rodriguez/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After fleeing her abusive ex, Harris and her daughters ended up living in her van. Later, they moved to a shelter, then into the studio apartment almost exactly one year ago. The Californian isn’t naming her exact location due to concerns about her personal safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The motel, which she paid $900 a month to rent, was supposed to be a step up from the shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, they’re all squeezed into one bedroom, but they were glad for the private bathroom and kitchenette down the hall, where they could make meals together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, things got worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris said they soon realized the motel was infested with mice, rats and cockroaches, which crawled out of the fist-sized hole behind the refrigerator. Harris even broke her daughter’s trundle bed one night as she jumped on it, startled by “four or five mice” running around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water they shower in drips cold from the shower head, and only warms up if the bathroom tap is on at the same time. Mold grows along the shower walls and floors, no matter how many times Harris scrubs it with bleach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All four of them have asthma, and are having more frequent, fiercer attacks, likely due to the mold and mouse feces they found everywhere, doctors told them. According to multiple studies, exposure to cockroaches and mice increases one’s risk of asthma attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like a bad mom because I can’t give them everything they deserve,” Harris said, with thick tears rolling past the star tattooed on her cheek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventeen-year-old Heaven, sitting next to her mother on the bottom bunk, touched her arm gently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell her she’s not,” said Heaven. “She does everything. She works two jobs, and she’s just one person. To me, she’s Superwoman.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Overcrowding Increases Health Risk\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Between 2006 and 2018, the median household income in California grew 6.4%, but the average real income for the lowest 20% of households dropped by 5.3%. During that same time period, the cost of housing increased by more than 8% from 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this environment, it is not surprising that families would double or triple up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got people in overcrowded conditions, typically, it’s going to be a result of economic inequality,” said Dr. Maximiliano Cuevas, who heads up Clínica de Salud del Valle de Salinas, a community-founded health clinic that works primarily with farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2019 analysis of Census Bureau data by the California Budget and Policy Center found statewide economic inequality, resulting in millions being unable to afford basic bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you start superimposing economic inequality – that is you don’t have sufficient economic resources to maintain yourself while you’re here – it will impact you,” Cuevas said. “We break down. Our body begins to get sick. If you don’t have access to healthcare, you get sicker until that disease process runs its course.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People living in overcrowded homes may have to deal with vermin and pests, as it can prove more challenging to keep the home clean when too many people live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communicable diseases also love overcrowding. Viruses, fungal infections and head lice thrive in these environments, where germs travel in the air from coughs and linger on commonly touched items.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Diseases that Thrive\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The county health department doesn’t track individual cases of norovirus or influenza, other than outbreaks or deaths. However, during the 2018-2019 flu season in California, 588 people died from the flu, according to the state health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors like Cuevas said overcrowded housing, which has increased as the housing crisis deepened, also raises vulnerable peoples’ risk of contracting these illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viruses such as norovirus or influenza can be passed through contact with contaminated surfaces such as door handles, hands or food, but other diseases such as whooping cough or tuberculosis require people to breathe in the bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had instances (of tuberculosis) in the southern part of the county because of overcrowding: that is more than two people living in a room or more than one family living in a house,” said Cuevas. “We’re seeing a lot of that right now. For people to afford the rent of a house, you’ve got five, even 10 to 12 families living in a house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got multiple families living in one home, it’s going to be very difficult to isolate someone with tuberculosis, with norovirus, with influenza,” said Dr. Edward Moreno, the director of the Monterey County Public Health Department. “Especially if you have one bathroom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803977\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803977\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-800x560.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-800x560.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-1020x714.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pests and viruses thrive in overcrowded environments like this trailer park in Salinas. \u003ccite>(David Rodriguez/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got a one-bedroom home or a studio, you can’t isolate someone. That’s how overcrowding contributes to making people sick, because you can’t isolate the person,” said Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on 2011-2015 data from the Healthy Communities Data and Indicators Project, the state Department of Public Health found that in California, 8.2% of households are considered overcrowded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Monterey County, the rate of overcrowded households is 55% higher than the state average: It stands at 12.7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino households in California experience the highest rate of overcrowding, at 20.1%, followed by Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islanders. In contrast, white households are the least likely to be overcrowded, at 1.7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuberculosis is more commonly found among those who live doubled and tripled up, said Cuevas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In countries with fewer resources, a bacterial disease like tuberculosis is often considered a death sentence, said Moreno. Mexico, South America, Southeast Asia and Central Europe all grapple with this fear, said Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to stay in the family, you want to keep your job, you don’t talk about your tuberculosis, even though you’re probably infecting other people,” said Moreno. “That’s something we deal with as we’re doing our investigations, so we don’t always get all their other family members or people at work they’ve exposed,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors with the Monterey County Department of Public Health noted that tuberculosis infections increased in the second half of the decade but dropped from 29 cases in 2018 to just 12 cases in 2019, said Kristy Michie, the assistant director of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s in a county with more than 440,000 people,” said Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked what factors led or contributed to the decline in tuberculosis in the county, officials from the public health department are stymied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The health department does not have any data or evidence to support theories about why the incidence declined last year,” said Michie. As such, she said, officials are closely monitoring cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last year was unusual for us, so we do expect to see at least this number or more this year,” said Michie. “If that’s influenced by overcrowding, we can’t say for sure; there’s a lot of things at play there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bacterial disease, pertussis, also known as whooping cough, can pass more easily among the vulnerable in overcrowded conditions. More individuals became ill with whooping cough in 2019 than in previous years, but Michie said that was expected due to its cyclical pattern that peaks every three to five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like a radio wave across time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Local, Low-cost or No-cost Healthcare\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In certain parts of Monterey County, overcrowding and unhealthy living conditions are common, thanks to a lack of affordable housing. That can leave the area’s tens of thousands of farmworkers squeezed into garages and living rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2015 fact sheet by researchers at San Diego State University and the Center for Immigrant Integration at the University of Southern California, an estimated 18%, or just under 9,000, of the 49,000 people who live in East Salinas are undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers estimate only about 23% of undocumented immigrants have health insurance, compared with 63% of the U.S.-born population, excluding documented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The group that’s going to face difficulty (getting treatment) are the uninsured,” said Moreno. Specifically, he said, those who didn’t sign up for Covered California, or don’t have Medi-Cal or Medicare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going without health coverage can leave people choosing between a bill and a doctor’s visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children under 18 years of age and adults under 25 are guaranteed medical benefits by the Golden State, regardless of citizenship. However, that could still leave millions of residents without health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, between 2.35 million and 2.6 million undocumented immigrants called California home, research by the Public Policy Institute of California showed. Those numbers account for nearly a quarter of the nation’s undocumented population and 6% of the state’s total population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"housing, poverty\" label=\"More Related Stories.\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources for Uninsured\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For those without insurance, there are options available for medical care. Hospitals may have sliding scale payments for treatment, and the state’s Department of Health Care Services offers lists of healthcare providers and insurers on its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small federally qualified health centers or clinic systems across the state, such as the Clinica de Salud del Valle de Salinas clinics, offer healthcare to patients in English or Spanish at low or no cost. These community-based health care providers receive federal funds to provide primary care services in underserved areas and must meet certain requirements, such as providing care on a sliding fee scale based on ability to pay. The Salinas Valley Memorial Hospital System also operates a mobile clinic four days a week in Salinas, Castroville and Greenfield with free healthcare in English or in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Cimini is a multi-media journalist with The Salinas Californian. Cimini reported this story with support from the 2019 Impact Fund, a program of the USC Annenberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a>. It was also produced in part through a collaboration with the Bay Area visual storytelling nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.catchlight.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Catchlight\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is part of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/divide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Divide\u003c/a>, a collaboration among newsrooms examining inequity and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tanya Harris and her three daughters struggle to breathe in the converted motel room in Salinas they now rent as a studio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just large enough for a bunk bed and a desk, the room holds all four of them. Harris sleeps on a silver inflatable mattress on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors say the room is making Harris and her daughters sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s housing crisis has resulted in more and more families like Harris’ living in substandard and overcrowded conditions, and local health officials say those conditions threaten residents’ health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803970\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803970\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-800x564.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tanya Harris (left) and her daughters Heaven (right) and Getsemani (top bunk) have asthma. \u003ccite>(David Rodriguez/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After fleeing her abusive ex, Harris and her daughters ended up living in her van. Later, they moved to a shelter, then into the studio apartment almost exactly one year ago. The Californian isn’t naming her exact location due to concerns about her personal safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The motel, which she paid $900 a month to rent, was supposed to be a step up from the shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, they’re all squeezed into one bedroom, but they were glad for the private bathroom and kitchenette down the hall, where they could make meals together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, things got worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris said they soon realized the motel was infested with mice, rats and cockroaches, which crawled out of the fist-sized hole behind the refrigerator. Harris even broke her daughter’s trundle bed one night as she jumped on it, startled by “four or five mice” running around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water they shower in drips cold from the shower head, and only warms up if the bathroom tap is on at the same time. Mold grows along the shower walls and floors, no matter how many times Harris scrubs it with bleach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All four of them have asthma, and are having more frequent, fiercer attacks, likely due to the mold and mouse feces they found everywhere, doctors told them. According to multiple studies, exposure to cockroaches and mice increases one’s risk of asthma attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like a bad mom because I can’t give them everything they deserve,” Harris said, with thick tears rolling past the star tattooed on her cheek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventeen-year-old Heaven, sitting next to her mother on the bottom bunk, touched her arm gently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell her she’s not,” said Heaven. “She does everything. She works two jobs, and she’s just one person. To me, she’s Superwoman.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Overcrowding Increases Health Risk\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Between 2006 and 2018, the median household income in California grew 6.4%, but the average real income for the lowest 20% of households dropped by 5.3%. During that same time period, the cost of housing increased by more than 8% from 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this environment, it is not surprising that families would double or triple up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got people in overcrowded conditions, typically, it’s going to be a result of economic inequality,” said Dr. Maximiliano Cuevas, who heads up Clínica de Salud del Valle de Salinas, a community-founded health clinic that works primarily with farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2019 analysis of Census Bureau data by the California Budget and Policy Center found statewide economic inequality, resulting in millions being unable to afford basic bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you start superimposing economic inequality – that is you don’t have sufficient economic resources to maintain yourself while you’re here – it will impact you,” Cuevas said. “We break down. Our body begins to get sick. If you don’t have access to healthcare, you get sicker until that disease process runs its course.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People living in overcrowded homes may have to deal with vermin and pests, as it can prove more challenging to keep the home clean when too many people live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communicable diseases also love overcrowding. Viruses, fungal infections and head lice thrive in these environments, where germs travel in the air from coughs and linger on commonly touched items.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Diseases that Thrive\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The county health department doesn’t track individual cases of norovirus or influenza, other than outbreaks or deaths. However, during the 2018-2019 flu season in California, 588 people died from the flu, according to the state health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors like Cuevas said overcrowded housing, which has increased as the housing crisis deepened, also raises vulnerable peoples’ risk of contracting these illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viruses such as norovirus or influenza can be passed through contact with contaminated surfaces such as door handles, hands or food, but other diseases such as whooping cough or tuberculosis require people to breathe in the bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had instances (of tuberculosis) in the southern part of the county because of overcrowding: that is more than two people living in a room or more than one family living in a house,” said Cuevas. “We’re seeing a lot of that right now. For people to afford the rent of a house, you’ve got five, even 10 to 12 families living in a house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got multiple families living in one home, it’s going to be very difficult to isolate someone with tuberculosis, with norovirus, with influenza,” said Dr. Edward Moreno, the director of the Monterey County Public Health Department. “Especially if you have one bathroom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803977\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803977\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-800x560.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-800x560.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-1020x714.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pests and viruses thrive in overcrowded environments like this trailer park in Salinas. \u003ccite>(David Rodriguez/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got a one-bedroom home or a studio, you can’t isolate someone. That’s how overcrowding contributes to making people sick, because you can’t isolate the person,” said Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on 2011-2015 data from the Healthy Communities Data and Indicators Project, the state Department of Public Health found that in California, 8.2% of households are considered overcrowded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Monterey County, the rate of overcrowded households is 55% higher than the state average: It stands at 12.7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino households in California experience the highest rate of overcrowding, at 20.1%, followed by Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islanders. In contrast, white households are the least likely to be overcrowded, at 1.7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuberculosis is more commonly found among those who live doubled and tripled up, said Cuevas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In countries with fewer resources, a bacterial disease like tuberculosis is often considered a death sentence, said Moreno. Mexico, South America, Southeast Asia and Central Europe all grapple with this fear, said Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to stay in the family, you want to keep your job, you don’t talk about your tuberculosis, even though you’re probably infecting other people,” said Moreno. “That’s something we deal with as we’re doing our investigations, so we don’t always get all their other family members or people at work they’ve exposed,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors with the Monterey County Department of Public Health noted that tuberculosis infections increased in the second half of the decade but dropped from 29 cases in 2018 to just 12 cases in 2019, said Kristy Michie, the assistant director of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s in a county with more than 440,000 people,” said Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked what factors led or contributed to the decline in tuberculosis in the county, officials from the public health department are stymied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The health department does not have any data or evidence to support theories about why the incidence declined last year,” said Michie. As such, she said, officials are closely monitoring cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last year was unusual for us, so we do expect to see at least this number or more this year,” said Michie. “If that’s influenced by overcrowding, we can’t say for sure; there’s a lot of things at play there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bacterial disease, pertussis, also known as whooping cough, can pass more easily among the vulnerable in overcrowded conditions. More individuals became ill with whooping cough in 2019 than in previous years, but Michie said that was expected due to its cyclical pattern that peaks every three to five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like a radio wave across time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Local, Low-cost or No-cost Healthcare\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In certain parts of Monterey County, overcrowding and unhealthy living conditions are common, thanks to a lack of affordable housing. That can leave the area’s tens of thousands of farmworkers squeezed into garages and living rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2015 fact sheet by researchers at San Diego State University and the Center for Immigrant Integration at the University of Southern California, an estimated 18%, or just under 9,000, of the 49,000 people who live in East Salinas are undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers estimate only about 23% of undocumented immigrants have health insurance, compared with 63% of the U.S.-born population, excluding documented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The group that’s going to face difficulty (getting treatment) are the uninsured,” said Moreno. Specifically, he said, those who didn’t sign up for Covered California, or don’t have Medi-Cal or Medicare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going without health coverage can leave people choosing between a bill and a doctor’s visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children under 18 years of age and adults under 25 are guaranteed medical benefits by the Golden State, regardless of citizenship. However, that could still leave millions of residents without health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, between 2.35 million and 2.6 million undocumented immigrants called California home, research by the Public Policy Institute of California showed. Those numbers account for nearly a quarter of the nation’s undocumented population and 6% of the state’s total population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources for Uninsured\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For those without insurance, there are options available for medical care. Hospitals may have sliding scale payments for treatment, and the state’s Department of Health Care Services offers lists of healthcare providers and insurers on its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small federally qualified health centers or clinic systems across the state, such as the Clinica de Salud del Valle de Salinas clinics, offer healthcare to patients in English or Spanish at low or no cost. These community-based health care providers receive federal funds to provide primary care services in underserved areas and must meet certain requirements, such as providing care on a sliding fee scale based on ability to pay. The Salinas Valley Memorial Hospital System also operates a mobile clinic four days a week in Salinas, Castroville and Greenfield with free healthcare in English or in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Cimini is a multi-media journalist with The Salinas Californian. Cimini reported this story with support from the 2019 Impact Fund, a program of the USC Annenberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a>. It was also produced in part through a collaboration with the Bay Area visual storytelling nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.catchlight.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Catchlight\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is part of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/divide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Divide\u003c/a>, a collaboration among newsrooms examining inequity and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On the weekends, Salinas food truck owner Orlando Osornio, 30, and his wife, Denise, sell mile-high tortas filled with California fusion-inspired ingredients: hot Cheetos, bacon, mango-habañero sauce, or pineapple. Some come for the birria torta or the chicken-bacon-alfredo torta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A line of customers winds its way around the side of his tent as meat sizzles on the grills. On the other side of the mesh, Osornio and his crew pack and stack toasted buns as fast as they can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, when Osornio, who is Mexican American, was contemplating launching Tortas Al 100, he knew one thing: He didn’t want to apply for a loan. Osornio had racked up “about $30,000” in credit card debt as a teenager and when life smacked him in the face in his early 20s, he got serious about paying it down and fixing his credit score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803667\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-800x572.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-800x572.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-1020x729.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orlando Osornio owns Tortas Al 100 in Salinas. \u003ccite>(Kate Cimini/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That experience, he said, was what prompted him to forgo applying for a small business loan. Instead, Osornio estimated he and his wife spent at least $50,000 of their salaries on the burgeoning business, including food, four grills, a tent and more during its first year of operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino small business owners like Osornio are the fastest-growing group of entrepreneurs in the U.S., even as they battle systemic racism that has resulted in lower incomes and loan rates. Over the past 10 years, the number of Latino business owners grew 34%, compared to 1% for all business owners in the United States, according to a recent study from Stanford University. And more Latinos than ever are applying for small business loans to launch or grow their operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Becoming an Economic Force\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The growing success of Latino small business owners comes as Latinos are increasingly becoming an economic force in the U.S. The same Stanford study found Latino-owned businesses contributed about $500 billion to the economy in annual sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2019 report to Congress based on data from 2017 found almost 60 million Latinos in the United States already account for $2.3 trillion in economic activity in total, which on its own would rank as the eighth largest economy in the world. And Latinos are projected to make up 30% of the U.S. population by 2020, meaning the group’s contributions are likely to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino-owned businesses employ more than 3 million people, the 2019 State of Latino Entrepreneurship report by the Stanford Latino Entrepreneurship Initiative (SLEI), a Stanford University research initiative centered around Latinos in business, found. All told, Latino-owned businesses account for about 4% of U.S. business revenues and 5.5% of U.S. employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Latino-owned companies remain smaller than white-owned firms, averaging only $1.2 million in revenue compared with $2.3 million brought in by a white-owned company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is a problem, said Jerry Porras, a professor of organizational behavior and change emeritus at Stanford Business School, co-founder of the Latino Business Action Network, a nonprofit out of Stanford University focused on empowering Latino business owners, and co-director of SLEI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that there’s really a positive story when you look at Latino businesses across the country,” said Porras. “The number is smaller as a base but its growing very rapidly. Latinos are oriented towards starting businesses and are doing it at a significant rate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Latino-owned employer firms were given the same chances, Porras said, they would generate an additional $4 billion in revenue and 1 million jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Younger Than Other Entrepreneurs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Across the U.S., Latinos are represented in all the major industry sectors, owning businesses in manufacturing, education, health services, finance, construction and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino business owners tend to be younger than non-Latino business owners. Roughly 33% of Latino entrepreneurs are younger than 45, compared to just 22% of non-Latino entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every 100,000 Latino adults in the United States, on average 510 became entrepreneurs each month in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, research by the \u003ca href=\"https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/24590/racialwealthgapbrief.pdf?sequence=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Institute on Assets and Social Policy\u003c/a>, an institute that studies economic opportunities for people of color, evidences that historic disenfranchisement of people of color has led to those very people having less generational wealth than white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, policies that favor the affluent have continued to widen the gap, particularly between white families and black or Latino families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the income gap between blacks and whites closed somewhat between 1970 to 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/11/who-is-hispanic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hispanics\u003c/a> fell even further behind at all income levels, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/12/key-findings-on-the-rise-in-income-inequality-within-americas-racial-and-ethnic-groups/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pew Research Center think tank\u003c/a> found in 2018. Even top-earning Hispanics earned only 65% as much as whites in 2016, down from 74% in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos, on average, continue to make lower salaries than white people, research out of Stanford showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, this combination means Latinos typically have lower credit scores, which, in turn, can mean higher interest rates or being turned down for loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a report submitted to the \u003ca href=\"https://financialservices.house.gov/uploadedfiles/hhrg-116-ba00-wstate-brownj-20190226.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. House Financial Services Committee in 2019\u003c/a> by UnidosUS, a nonpartisan think tank focused on the Hispanic community, banks originally had loan officers who determined the “trustworthiness” of a loan applicant. As such, people of color were often discriminated against.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the following decades, banks lost their loan officers to the war effort, and soon invented credit scores as a stand-in. However, these, too, had their issues as they were built on longstanding disparities and have resulted in communities of color, young adults, people with low income and immigrants having disproportionately low credit scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/gsb/files/publication-pdf/slei-report-2018-latino-owned-businesses-shinging-light-national-trends.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2017 Small Business Credit Study\u003c/a> by the Federal Reserve Banks, of applicants denied credit, 45% of Latino applicants were denied for insufficient credit history and 37% were denied for having too low a credit score. (Applicants could choose more than one response.) In comparison, white applicants were turned away at rates of 33% and 26% for the same reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the Latino story in some ways follows the story of why black families have less wealth than white people today,” said Urban Institute research fellow Steven Brown. “There is a lack of the same kind of resources that help build wealth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown cited restricted access to homeownership under policies such as “redlining” as a primary way Latinos were kept from building generational wealth. For decades, black and Latino neighborhoods were unfairly deemed too risky for loans and mortgages through redlining. That left people in those neighborhoods reliant on speculators or private sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Latinos have been able to buy homes, they have historically been relegated to neighborhoods where the homes didn’t have as much value so they’re unable to build as much wealth and pass it on,” said Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more recent years, as Latinos have become more prominent in U.S. culture, their economic standing is also rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.biz2credit.com/research-reports/latino-small-business-study-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2019 study\u003c/a> of 61,000 small-business loan applications submitted to Biz2Credit’s online marketplace found that the number of credit applications from Latino-owned businesses rose 23% from 2018 to 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Outpacing US Economy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>And over the last year, Latino-owned businesses reported an average revenue growth of 14%, outpacing the growth of the U.S. economy, the Stanford report showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While revenues climbed, though, the average credit scores of Latino business owners dipped to 588 from 594 last year, according to Biz2Credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Biz2Credit’s CEO, Rohit Arora, that could indicate business owners are using personal credit cards to fund their business growth if their companies did not qualify for loans. Furthermore, cost management can be difficult for young businesses, which may factor into the dip in scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When credit scores are less than 600, it is hard to get traditional bank loans,” Arora said in the report his firm released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Porras said the lack of credit can force Latino business owners to make riskier financial decisions, such as relying on personal credit cards to grow their business, or taking out a loan on their accounts receivable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By and large, I think Latinos are very unsuccessful in securing loans from the more professional sources,” said Porras. “It’s the smaller ones that are hurting the most,” added Porras, referencing business size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other cases, Latino borrowers may be less trusting of financial institutions as a whole, based either on past experiences or a general understanding of systemic racism by lending institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Latinos have to pay more for interest,” said Fausta Ibarra, 59, who owns her own hair salon, Tropical Cuts, in Salinas, California. “We have to pay more for everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ibarra, who calls herself a “cien por ciento,” or 100%, Mexican woman, herself had poor credit, after issues with a house she and her sisters bought together in the early 1990s. When she applied for a loan in 1993 to open her hair salon, a brightly lit salon tucked into a small strip mall in Salinas, Washington Mutual Bank denied the loan. (The bank collapsed in 2008 during the financial crisis.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She ended up borrowing nearly $30,000 from friends, family and coworkers, slowly paying them back one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, when Ibarra tried to purchase a home in 1996, her low credit still held her back. There was, however, another way, the realtor told her. Ibarra ended up paying more than the house was on the market for, and she had to borrow from friends and family so she could put down a deposit of $10,000, twice what she was prepared to pay out of pocket. Ibarra felt taken advantage of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Los Latinos tienen que ganarse el pan cada día,” said Ibarra in her native Spanish. “Yo sí pienso que los Latinos pueden contribuir más si nos dan la oportunidad para sacar adelante a nuestros hijos. Yo pienso que todos tenemos las ganas de progresar pero no se nos dan las facilidades que se les da a una persona ciudadana de aquí.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That translates in English to: “Latinos have to start all over again, every day,” said Ibarra. “I do think that Latinos can contribute more to this country if they give us the same opportunity to better ourselves and our children. I think we all want to progress, but they don’t give us the same tools they give someone who was born here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, black people and Latinos continue to be routinely denied conventional mortgage loans at rates far higher than their white counterparts, according to Home Mortgage Disclosure Act records \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/for-people-of-color-banks-are-shutting-the-door-to-homeownership/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analyzed by Reveal\u003c/a> for The Center for Investigative Reporting in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis showed black applicants were turned away at significantly higher rates than whites in 48 cities, and Latinos in 25, even when controlling for loan size, neighborhood and income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other instances, black or Latino applicants were steered toward higher-cost, riskier loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bank of America, for example, agreed to a $335 million payout to the Justice Department on behalf of its mortgage lender, Countrywide. Prior to Bank of America’s purchase of the lending institution, Countrywide purposely charged more than 200,000 black and Latino borrowers more for their mortgage loans than white borrowers with similar qualifications between 2004 and 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lender advised those borrowers of color to take out risky sub-prime loans, even when they qualified for prime loans, or simply charged them higher rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other lending institutions, such as Wells Fargo, have had similar claims levied against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Latinos Turn to Friends, Family for Seed Money\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>According to the 2019 Stanford report, Latinos get loans from local banks at a much higher rate than they do from national banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, local banks are disappearing across the United States and in California, thanks to what some say are more onerous federal regulations, potentially leaving Latinos out in the cold. According to data provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), as of Dec. 31, 2001, 8,080 FDIC-insured community banks existed in the country. By Dec. 31, 2018, 5,406 remained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The local banks are tied to the community more tightly,” said Porras. “If the community has more Latino businesses, the relationships are built up and they grow. National banks lag behind there because local banks work harder to network with the businesses in their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When local banks are not available, instead of applying to larger loan institutions, many Latinos turn to friends, family and crowdfunding for seed money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803669\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803669\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brew-N-Krew co-owners Marlene and Steven Garcia serve customers at Steinbeck’s Home Brew Fest. \u003ccite>(Kate Cimini/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Salinas, a small city surrounded by rich agricultural land, U.S. Census Bureau data shows 78.7% of the some-156,000 residents are Hispanic or Latino. While the city’s agricultural industry thrives financially, thanks to the tens of thousands of Latino farmworkers that flow in and out of Salinas every year, the average farmworker takes home just $17,500 a year, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. More than 17% of its residents live in poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Latino entrepreneurship is evident in Salinas. Latino-owned restaurants, barbershops, grocery stores, showrooms like this \u003ca href=\"https://www.craftsmenind.com/mobile-showroom-trailer-truck\">\u003cstrong>trailer mobile showroom\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> and more have risen out of the landscape all over town, tucked into plazas and surrounding big box stores. Nearly 30% of all businesses in Monterey County, where Salinas rests, are owned by Hispanic or Latino people, per data provided by the Monterey County Workforce Development Board from the 2012 American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marlene Garcia, 29, is the proprietor of a homebrew operation turned commercial brewery that will open in Salinas in the spring. She borrowed $210,000 from her mother to start up her operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salinas’s downtown is just three blocks long, but Garcia’s brewery, Brew & Krew, will open on the 100 block of Main Street, near four other Latino-owned businesses that have opened (or re-opened under new ownership) in the last two years. The growth is notable on a side of town that is inhabited primarily by white residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am honestly so thankful for my parents, both of them,” said Garcia, reminiscing about her parents’ insistence that she help with the family businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her parents, Graciela and Gildardo, worked in fields after immigrating to the U.S. from Guanajuato, Mexico. Every month or so, they would go to Los Angeles, five hours away, to stock up on Mexican candy, piñatas and cassette tapes, Garcia said. Then, they would turn around and sell them at the Santa Cruz weekend flea market in central California, dragging their children with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was there that Garcia learned the dedication it took to run a business, even as she told her parents she never wanted to own her own operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growing up, my entire life, we would go to the flea market,” said Garcia. “We’d wake up super early, drive to Santa Cruz, and work. I remember telling my parents, ‘I don’t want this, I don’t want to go into business.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that I’m older, I appreciate everything they did. I see why they did that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Garcias opened another stand in another flea market, then a taquería. Finally, they sold all their businesses and took out their first loan of $80,000 to open a liquor store in Gilroy. They named the store La Flor de Jalisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"latino\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Garcia wanted to open her own brewery, her mother became her silent business partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of them, because of the way they saved, because they saved, a lot of the money that has been invested came from my mom,” said Garcia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia is in the process of applying for her first loan — a Small Business Administration loan for $480,000 to open her business. She credits her mother’s help in allowing her to not rack up debt and interest rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the space is still unfinished, Garcia has big plans for her small brewery. She wants large, stainless steel canisters in the back, behind a large pane of glass, so brew enthusiasts can watch the brewers at work as they sip on suds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hopes to connect with other business owners in the area to cross-promote, whether it be with the cinema next door or the sandwich shop across the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hispanic parents are never excited to hand out money,” Garcia said, laughing. “But she believed in it, she saw that people really do like beer. If she wouldn’t seen that reaction, it would have been harder to convince her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803671\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803671\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-800x567.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-800x567.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-1020x723.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osornio, owner of Tortas Al 100, closes the back of his cargo trailer. \u003ccite>(Kate Cimini/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘Puro cash’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Osornio’s family has a saying whenever they have to pay for something. “Puro cash,” they repeat, laughing, or pure cash in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joke is based on Osornio’s father. Years ago, when he was purchasing a car for his wife, the salesman asked him if he wanted to finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No,” said Osornio the elder. “Puro cash.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the financial savvy his father displayed, Orsonio said his parents rarely talked money management with him. All he recalls was being told credit cards were for emergencies only, a lesson that, like many teenagers, he immediately disregarded as soon as he got one of his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience of wiggling out from under a pile of debt taught Osornio that he wanted applying for a loan to be “a last resort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, Osornio has managed to build such a successful business with his unique torta recipes that he routinely fields offers from locals to invest in or outright purchase his business — and his recipes — from him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, advocates have said, is the hidden silver lining for Latino entrepreneurs: even more untapped potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://research.newamericaneconomy.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/12/Hispanic_V5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New American Economy report\u003c/a> on the power of Hispanics in the U.S., Hispanic entrepreneurs own a large chunk of transportation and warehouse businesses, laying claim to more than 20% of the industry in 2012. They also owned about 12% of the country’s construction firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say that, given a chance, Latinos could grow their portion of the economy even further. However, the “opportunity gap” between Latinos and their white, business-owning\u003cbr>\ncounterparts is wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wealth is the missing ingredient in the Latino community,” said Porras. “If we could add more wealth, people would consume more and grow the economy. How do we get more wealth? Grow businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a synergystic process,” said Porras. “In the long term, it will benefit the whole country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Latinos need, Porras said, is a chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Cimini is a multimedia journalist for The Californian. This article is part of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/divide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Divide\u003c/a>, a collaboration among newsrooms examining income inequity and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the weekends, Salinas food truck owner Orlando Osornio, 30, and his wife, Denise, sell mile-high tortas filled with California fusion-inspired ingredients: hot Cheetos, bacon, mango-habañero sauce, or pineapple. Some come for the birria torta or the chicken-bacon-alfredo torta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A line of customers winds its way around the side of his tent as meat sizzles on the grills. On the other side of the mesh, Osornio and his crew pack and stack toasted buns as fast as they can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, when Osornio, who is Mexican American, was contemplating launching Tortas Al 100, he knew one thing: He didn’t want to apply for a loan. Osornio had racked up “about $30,000” in credit card debt as a teenager and when life smacked him in the face in his early 20s, he got serious about paying it down and fixing his credit score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803667\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-800x572.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-800x572.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-1020x729.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orlando Osornio owns Tortas Al 100 in Salinas. \u003ccite>(Kate Cimini/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That experience, he said, was what prompted him to forgo applying for a small business loan. Instead, Osornio estimated he and his wife spent at least $50,000 of their salaries on the burgeoning business, including food, four grills, a tent and more during its first year of operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino small business owners like Osornio are the fastest-growing group of entrepreneurs in the U.S., even as they battle systemic racism that has resulted in lower incomes and loan rates. Over the past 10 years, the number of Latino business owners grew 34%, compared to 1% for all business owners in the United States, according to a recent study from Stanford University. And more Latinos than ever are applying for small business loans to launch or grow their operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Becoming an Economic Force\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The growing success of Latino small business owners comes as Latinos are increasingly becoming an economic force in the U.S. The same Stanford study found Latino-owned businesses contributed about $500 billion to the economy in annual sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2019 report to Congress based on data from 2017 found almost 60 million Latinos in the United States already account for $2.3 trillion in economic activity in total, which on its own would rank as the eighth largest economy in the world. And Latinos are projected to make up 30% of the U.S. population by 2020, meaning the group’s contributions are likely to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino-owned businesses employ more than 3 million people, the 2019 State of Latino Entrepreneurship report by the Stanford Latino Entrepreneurship Initiative (SLEI), a Stanford University research initiative centered around Latinos in business, found. All told, Latino-owned businesses account for about 4% of U.S. business revenues and 5.5% of U.S. employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Latino-owned companies remain smaller than white-owned firms, averaging only $1.2 million in revenue compared with $2.3 million brought in by a white-owned company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is a problem, said Jerry Porras, a professor of organizational behavior and change emeritus at Stanford Business School, co-founder of the Latino Business Action Network, a nonprofit out of Stanford University focused on empowering Latino business owners, and co-director of SLEI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that there’s really a positive story when you look at Latino businesses across the country,” said Porras. “The number is smaller as a base but its growing very rapidly. Latinos are oriented towards starting businesses and are doing it at a significant rate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Latino-owned employer firms were given the same chances, Porras said, they would generate an additional $4 billion in revenue and 1 million jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Younger Than Other Entrepreneurs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Across the U.S., Latinos are represented in all the major industry sectors, owning businesses in manufacturing, education, health services, finance, construction and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino business owners tend to be younger than non-Latino business owners. Roughly 33% of Latino entrepreneurs are younger than 45, compared to just 22% of non-Latino entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every 100,000 Latino adults in the United States, on average 510 became entrepreneurs each month in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, research by the \u003ca href=\"https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/24590/racialwealthgapbrief.pdf?sequence=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Institute on Assets and Social Policy\u003c/a>, an institute that studies economic opportunities for people of color, evidences that historic disenfranchisement of people of color has led to those very people having less generational wealth than white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, policies that favor the affluent have continued to widen the gap, particularly between white families and black or Latino families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the income gap between blacks and whites closed somewhat between 1970 to 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/11/who-is-hispanic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hispanics\u003c/a> fell even further behind at all income levels, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/12/key-findings-on-the-rise-in-income-inequality-within-americas-racial-and-ethnic-groups/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pew Research Center think tank\u003c/a> found in 2018. Even top-earning Hispanics earned only 65% as much as whites in 2016, down from 74% in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos, on average, continue to make lower salaries than white people, research out of Stanford showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, this combination means Latinos typically have lower credit scores, which, in turn, can mean higher interest rates or being turned down for loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a report submitted to the \u003ca href=\"https://financialservices.house.gov/uploadedfiles/hhrg-116-ba00-wstate-brownj-20190226.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. House Financial Services Committee in 2019\u003c/a> by UnidosUS, a nonpartisan think tank focused on the Hispanic community, banks originally had loan officers who determined the “trustworthiness” of a loan applicant. As such, people of color were often discriminated against.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the following decades, banks lost their loan officers to the war effort, and soon invented credit scores as a stand-in. However, these, too, had their issues as they were built on longstanding disparities and have resulted in communities of color, young adults, people with low income and immigrants having disproportionately low credit scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/gsb/files/publication-pdf/slei-report-2018-latino-owned-businesses-shinging-light-national-trends.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2017 Small Business Credit Study\u003c/a> by the Federal Reserve Banks, of applicants denied credit, 45% of Latino applicants were denied for insufficient credit history and 37% were denied for having too low a credit score. (Applicants could choose more than one response.) In comparison, white applicants were turned away at rates of 33% and 26% for the same reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the Latino story in some ways follows the story of why black families have less wealth than white people today,” said Urban Institute research fellow Steven Brown. “There is a lack of the same kind of resources that help build wealth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown cited restricted access to homeownership under policies such as “redlining” as a primary way Latinos were kept from building generational wealth. For decades, black and Latino neighborhoods were unfairly deemed too risky for loans and mortgages through redlining. That left people in those neighborhoods reliant on speculators or private sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Latinos have been able to buy homes, they have historically been relegated to neighborhoods where the homes didn’t have as much value so they’re unable to build as much wealth and pass it on,” said Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more recent years, as Latinos have become more prominent in U.S. culture, their economic standing is also rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.biz2credit.com/research-reports/latino-small-business-study-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2019 study\u003c/a> of 61,000 small-business loan applications submitted to Biz2Credit’s online marketplace found that the number of credit applications from Latino-owned businesses rose 23% from 2018 to 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Outpacing US Economy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>And over the last year, Latino-owned businesses reported an average revenue growth of 14%, outpacing the growth of the U.S. economy, the Stanford report showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While revenues climbed, though, the average credit scores of Latino business owners dipped to 588 from 594 last year, according to Biz2Credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Biz2Credit’s CEO, Rohit Arora, that could indicate business owners are using personal credit cards to fund their business growth if their companies did not qualify for loans. Furthermore, cost management can be difficult for young businesses, which may factor into the dip in scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When credit scores are less than 600, it is hard to get traditional bank loans,” Arora said in the report his firm released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Porras said the lack of credit can force Latino business owners to make riskier financial decisions, such as relying on personal credit cards to grow their business, or taking out a loan on their accounts receivable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By and large, I think Latinos are very unsuccessful in securing loans from the more professional sources,” said Porras. “It’s the smaller ones that are hurting the most,” added Porras, referencing business size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other cases, Latino borrowers may be less trusting of financial institutions as a whole, based either on past experiences or a general understanding of systemic racism by lending institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Latinos have to pay more for interest,” said Fausta Ibarra, 59, who owns her own hair salon, Tropical Cuts, in Salinas, California. “We have to pay more for everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ibarra, who calls herself a “cien por ciento,” or 100%, Mexican woman, herself had poor credit, after issues with a house she and her sisters bought together in the early 1990s. When she applied for a loan in 1993 to open her hair salon, a brightly lit salon tucked into a small strip mall in Salinas, Washington Mutual Bank denied the loan. (The bank collapsed in 2008 during the financial crisis.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She ended up borrowing nearly $30,000 from friends, family and coworkers, slowly paying them back one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, when Ibarra tried to purchase a home in 1996, her low credit still held her back. There was, however, another way, the realtor told her. Ibarra ended up paying more than the house was on the market for, and she had to borrow from friends and family so she could put down a deposit of $10,000, twice what she was prepared to pay out of pocket. Ibarra felt taken advantage of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Los Latinos tienen que ganarse el pan cada día,” said Ibarra in her native Spanish. “Yo sí pienso que los Latinos pueden contribuir más si nos dan la oportunidad para sacar adelante a nuestros hijos. Yo pienso que todos tenemos las ganas de progresar pero no se nos dan las facilidades que se les da a una persona ciudadana de aquí.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That translates in English to: “Latinos have to start all over again, every day,” said Ibarra. “I do think that Latinos can contribute more to this country if they give us the same opportunity to better ourselves and our children. I think we all want to progress, but they don’t give us the same tools they give someone who was born here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, black people and Latinos continue to be routinely denied conventional mortgage loans at rates far higher than their white counterparts, according to Home Mortgage Disclosure Act records \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/for-people-of-color-banks-are-shutting-the-door-to-homeownership/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analyzed by Reveal\u003c/a> for The Center for Investigative Reporting in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis showed black applicants were turned away at significantly higher rates than whites in 48 cities, and Latinos in 25, even when controlling for loan size, neighborhood and income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other instances, black or Latino applicants were steered toward higher-cost, riskier loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bank of America, for example, agreed to a $335 million payout to the Justice Department on behalf of its mortgage lender, Countrywide. Prior to Bank of America’s purchase of the lending institution, Countrywide purposely charged more than 200,000 black and Latino borrowers more for their mortgage loans than white borrowers with similar qualifications between 2004 and 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lender advised those borrowers of color to take out risky sub-prime loans, even when they qualified for prime loans, or simply charged them higher rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other lending institutions, such as Wells Fargo, have had similar claims levied against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Latinos Turn to Friends, Family for Seed Money\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>According to the 2019 Stanford report, Latinos get loans from local banks at a much higher rate than they do from national banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, local banks are disappearing across the United States and in California, thanks to what some say are more onerous federal regulations, potentially leaving Latinos out in the cold. According to data provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), as of Dec. 31, 2001, 8,080 FDIC-insured community banks existed in the country. By Dec. 31, 2018, 5,406 remained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The local banks are tied to the community more tightly,” said Porras. “If the community has more Latino businesses, the relationships are built up and they grow. National banks lag behind there because local banks work harder to network with the businesses in their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When local banks are not available, instead of applying to larger loan institutions, many Latinos turn to friends, family and crowdfunding for seed money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803669\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803669\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brew-N-Krew co-owners Marlene and Steven Garcia serve customers at Steinbeck’s Home Brew Fest. \u003ccite>(Kate Cimini/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Salinas, a small city surrounded by rich agricultural land, U.S. Census Bureau data shows 78.7% of the some-156,000 residents are Hispanic or Latino. While the city’s agricultural industry thrives financially, thanks to the tens of thousands of Latino farmworkers that flow in and out of Salinas every year, the average farmworker takes home just $17,500 a year, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. More than 17% of its residents live in poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Latino entrepreneurship is evident in Salinas. Latino-owned restaurants, barbershops, grocery stores, showrooms like this \u003ca href=\"https://www.craftsmenind.com/mobile-showroom-trailer-truck\">\u003cstrong>trailer mobile showroom\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> and more have risen out of the landscape all over town, tucked into plazas and surrounding big box stores. Nearly 30% of all businesses in Monterey County, where Salinas rests, are owned by Hispanic or Latino people, per data provided by the Monterey County Workforce Development Board from the 2012 American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marlene Garcia, 29, is the proprietor of a homebrew operation turned commercial brewery that will open in Salinas in the spring. She borrowed $210,000 from her mother to start up her operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salinas’s downtown is just three blocks long, but Garcia’s brewery, Brew & Krew, will open on the 100 block of Main Street, near four other Latino-owned businesses that have opened (or re-opened under new ownership) in the last two years. The growth is notable on a side of town that is inhabited primarily by white residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am honestly so thankful for my parents, both of them,” said Garcia, reminiscing about her parents’ insistence that she help with the family businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her parents, Graciela and Gildardo, worked in fields after immigrating to the U.S. from Guanajuato, Mexico. Every month or so, they would go to Los Angeles, five hours away, to stock up on Mexican candy, piñatas and cassette tapes, Garcia said. Then, they would turn around and sell them at the Santa Cruz weekend flea market in central California, dragging their children with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was there that Garcia learned the dedication it took to run a business, even as she told her parents she never wanted to own her own operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growing up, my entire life, we would go to the flea market,” said Garcia. “We’d wake up super early, drive to Santa Cruz, and work. I remember telling my parents, ‘I don’t want this, I don’t want to go into business.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that I’m older, I appreciate everything they did. I see why they did that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Garcias opened another stand in another flea market, then a taquería. Finally, they sold all their businesses and took out their first loan of $80,000 to open a liquor store in Gilroy. They named the store La Flor de Jalisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Garcia wanted to open her own brewery, her mother became her silent business partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of them, because of the way they saved, because they saved, a lot of the money that has been invested came from my mom,” said Garcia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia is in the process of applying for her first loan — a Small Business Administration loan for $480,000 to open her business. She credits her mother’s help in allowing her to not rack up debt and interest rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the space is still unfinished, Garcia has big plans for her small brewery. She wants large, stainless steel canisters in the back, behind a large pane of glass, so brew enthusiasts can watch the brewers at work as they sip on suds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hopes to connect with other business owners in the area to cross-promote, whether it be with the cinema next door or the sandwich shop across the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hispanic parents are never excited to hand out money,” Garcia said, laughing. “But she believed in it, she saw that people really do like beer. If she wouldn’t seen that reaction, it would have been harder to convince her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803671\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803671\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-800x567.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-800x567.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-1020x723.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osornio, owner of Tortas Al 100, closes the back of his cargo trailer. \u003ccite>(Kate Cimini/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘Puro cash’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Osornio’s family has a saying whenever they have to pay for something. “Puro cash,” they repeat, laughing, or pure cash in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joke is based on Osornio’s father. Years ago, when he was purchasing a car for his wife, the salesman asked him if he wanted to finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No,” said Osornio the elder. “Puro cash.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the financial savvy his father displayed, Orsonio said his parents rarely talked money management with him. All he recalls was being told credit cards were for emergencies only, a lesson that, like many teenagers, he immediately disregarded as soon as he got one of his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience of wiggling out from under a pile of debt taught Osornio that he wanted applying for a loan to be “a last resort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, Osornio has managed to build such a successful business with his unique torta recipes that he routinely fields offers from locals to invest in or outright purchase his business — and his recipes — from him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, advocates have said, is the hidden silver lining for Latino entrepreneurs: even more untapped potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://research.newamericaneconomy.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/12/Hispanic_V5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New American Economy report\u003c/a> on the power of Hispanics in the U.S., Hispanic entrepreneurs own a large chunk of transportation and warehouse businesses, laying claim to more than 20% of the industry in 2012. They also owned about 12% of the country’s construction firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say that, given a chance, Latinos could grow their portion of the economy even further. However, the “opportunity gap” between Latinos and their white, business-owning\u003cbr>\ncounterparts is wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wealth is the missing ingredient in the Latino community,” said Porras. “If we could add more wealth, people would consume more and grow the economy. How do we get more wealth? Grow businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a synergystic process,” said Porras. “In the long term, it will benefit the whole country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Latinos need, Porras said, is a chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Cimini is a multimedia journalist for The Californian. This article is part of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/divide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Divide\u003c/a>, a collaboration among newsrooms examining income inequity and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"id": "baycurious",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"title": "Forum",
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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