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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">From 2012–2019, Oakland’s Operation Ceasefire has been credited with helping the city reduce homicides by nearly half. At its height, it targeted the handful of individuals responsible for the bulk of gun violence and offered services.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But a recent audit requested by Mayor Sheng Thao revealed several factors that led to the breakdown of the program. Now, she wants to revive it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC2881307616\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra, and welcome to the Bay. Local news to keep you rooted. Cities around the country have struggled with an uptick in gun violence since the pandemic, and Black and Latino communities were hit hardest by the end of last year, though, that violence was finally beginning to slow in major cities like Detroit and Saint Louis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>But not in Oakland, where 100 homicides were reported in 2023. What exactly fuels this violence is a complex question, but Oakland is offering one possible reason the breakdown of its marquee violence prevention program known as Operation Ceasefire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>Operation ceasefire was one of the prime groups that was credited with driving gun violence down by nearly half, about 46%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Last month, a new audit requested by Mayor Shane Tao concluded the city of Oakland had made a mistake in letting Operation Cease Fire fizzle out today. The success and failure of Oakland’s operation cease fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>The year that Operation Cease Fire started in Oakland, 126 people were killed, which is a multi-decade high for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Abené Clayton is a reporter with the Guardian’s Guns and Lives in America project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>In 2012, Oakland launched Operation Cease Fire, and the goal was to use the intelligence that the police get from patrolling and arresting and kind of combine that with the opportunities in kind of community care that come from faith leaders, local activists, violence prevention professionals to target the very small amount of the population in Oakland, maybe less than 1% of people who are responsible for the majority of the gun violence at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>So it sounds like a particularly violent year in Oakland when Operation Cease Fire kind of took off. And you mentioned a few different groups there faith leaders, community leaders, and the police. Can you talk about who ran Operation Cease Fire and how did this work exactly? What did it mean to target these individuals in the community who were responsible for gun violence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>So it was a multi-pronged approach. Operation Ceasefire detail. Police would review shootings every week. They would discuss patterns if they noticed that a particular individual was killed. That could heighten the risk of retaliation. If there was a kind of concentration of shootings over the past week, they knew which groups, which individuals were most responsible for those most recent shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>At the same time, you had faith leaders and you had community workers who were organizing these things called ceasefire night walks, right where they would walk through some of the most pop in, if you will, areas usually in East or West Oakland with signs calling for peace, being these kind of visible ambassadors of violence prevention in their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>These two groups would kind of emerge during these meetings called Collins, which I think is one of the kind of most well known parts of the ceasefire strategy. Police would make contact with somebody, invite them to a place, usually a community center or a church where, as I mentioned, again, faith leaders and other violence prevention folks, people who may have been formerly incarcerated and are now out of prison, would all meet with the person, ask them to stop the shooting, let them know like we see you, we know what’s going on and this isn’t the lifestyle that you want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>And if the person was open, you know there were opportunities to link them with resources then and kind of get the ball rolling on whatever services they needed, you know, housing, job training, getting your GED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>There was always food, which I feel like is a really underestimated part of violence prevention. But every single violence interrupter I know says, if you’re going to have a meeting where you’re bringing in folks who you believe are part of the violence, make sure there are solid meals there that they can take home to their families. So there were several things that were built in to beginning the launch of Operation Ceasefire to make sure that trust was established and that that could lead to buy in for people who are genuinely hard to like, wrap your arms around somehow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>How successful was it at stopping gun violence in the city in its prime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>Pre-pandemic, between 2012 and really, 2019? Operation ceasefire was one of the prime groups that was credited with driving gun violence down by nearly half, about 46% in 2012, when ceasefire was launched, 126 people were killed and then within five years, that number went down to 72. In criminology, and when talking about gun violence, there’s a lot of hedging and a lot of hesitance to point to any one program. However, research does point to significant changes brought on by the program. I’m sure that’s not the reason for all of the lives that weren’t lost in those five years, but I don’t think we can undersell that. It was an important program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>So pretty successful program, it seems. When did things start to take a turn though for Operation Ceasefire?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>So based on the audit that was produced, at the behest of Mayor Shengtao, there are kind of three main things that were brought up in 2016. There was a shift from the person based approach. And what I mean by that is going directly to people. And there was a change to place based prevention. Or officers would be in a general area or a particular neighborhood that was a hot spot at the moment. It’s kind of unclear what the specific impact was, but it does sound like it made it a little bit harder to reach the individuals who were responsible for the majority of the gun violence. And then fast forward to 2020, the pandemic hit and another major part of ceasefire strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>The in-person interaction was all but snuffed out. And we saw this with a number of violence prevention organizations. You know, you used to be able to find somebody who you were working with, trying to mentor at their job, and a lot of places shut down or people were working from home. It was unsafe. And finally, one of the things that has actually been a point of contention in 2021, the former chief of police, Lauren Armstrong, started a new unit that was aimed at boosting the city’s clearance rate. Right. So solving more homicides, which is an important part of the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>However, the audit shows that the creation of that office pulled patrol units from those cease fire hotspots and diluted the presence of officers who knew the kind of cease fire ethos. There’s a certain level of BI in that those officers had and community insight that was taken from those areas. So those 3 or 4 things combined, as we’ve read in the audit and in some of the great coverage that’s come out of the audit, it rendered ceasefire pretty much a shell of its original self.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Coming up, why we’re talking about Operation Ceasefire now, and whether bringing it back can help make the city safer. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I know we’ve been talking about the the audit and of course, it is sort of the reason why we’re even talking about Operation Ceasefire, but also gun violence, as you’ve just been talking about, has gotten worse in Oakland over the years. Can you, I guess, just explain why there has been renewed attention to Operation Cease Fire in Oakland?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>The mayor saw the level of gun violence that was happening and saw that it was continuing on, abated. And the statement that she put out just before the city council meeting where the audit was presented, she emphasized that like this did not happen overnight in public safety, the politics of crime are just something else in Oakland at the moment. And I you know, I can’t read her mind, but to think that it wouldn’t be politically advantageous to revive this. Marcie. Well known, nationally recognized gun violence prevention program. It kind of only makes sense to do that, especially if people are looking at you and laying all types of of crime, property, crime, violent crime directly at your feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>What were the key takeaways from the audit? Like, what do they suggest the city do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>Sounds like the staffing levels need to rise once again. Coordination with the Office of Violence Prevention. That has seen its own changes. Just a greater level of coordination. The strategies are being discussed. How they’re going to approach people is being discussed. Beefing up life coaching and services and supports, which goes back to coordinating with the Office of Violence Prevention and so many of the groups that are in the city that provide these things but may operate in silos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ersie Joyner \u003c/strong>But what our audit says is that given the facts, what the city was doing, what took place, where we are now, we made a mistake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong> RErsie Joyner was a longtime Oakland Police Department veteran. He had been with the department since the 90s, kind of seen all of the changes the city went through, and eventually became the head of Operation Cease Fire in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ersie Joyner: \u003c/strong>It was a strategy that not only was being successful in law enforcement, but more importantly, it was accepted by the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>He spoke at the Oakland City Council meeting in mid-January. He said pretty plainly and learned that the city made a mistake. You know, it kind of allowed the operation cease fire to disintegrate for lack of a better term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ersie Joyner: \u003c/strong>And there’s nothing wrong with Eddie that we made a mistake in doing a course correction. But let’s go back to actually be a strategic, mindful and preventative and not just arresting people, but preventing people from being hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>How has Mayor Shengtao responded to the results of the audit?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>Albany just three days after the City Council meeting where the audit was presented, she said that Operation Cease Fire would be fully staffed by that Saturday and that Saturday was the 20th. I mean, and it is important to mention that Shengtao was not the mayor when Oakland cease fire began. She was not even the mayor when this uptick in homicides started. She was quoted as saying that she’s taking responsibility for ensuring that staffing goes up, that there are checks on this group and that everything is running smooth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>It sounds like she wants to actively make sure that Operation Cease Fire gets fully back up and running as soon as possible, because the issue isn’t going anywhere. I do not know if that has happened because her communications people have yet to respond to my inquiry asking if the staffing levels reform. It’s not something I could find online. So it’s unclear at this present moment if we’re taking Mayor Tao out her word, it’s fully staffed and on its way to being operational. I wish I could confirm that, but, maybe they’ll hear this and call me back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Assuming that maybe it is. I don’t imagine we’ll see results overnight. Overnight? How will we know? I guess, if it’s working again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>Yeah. I mean, I think there are a few markers we should keep our eye out for. What everybody wants to see is kind of a immediate drop in shootings, right? Of course. That is the ultimate goal is to stop bloodshed. That is one difficult two to measure and attribute to any one group. But with something like Operation Ceasefire, outside of what the police do to gather intelligence, to reach people, to have these, you know, ceasefire officers who are familiar with the goal and the ethos of the organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>A big part of it is the relationships that are forged between those high risk people and violence intervention workers, between faith leaders. Right. And those relationships can lead to people putting the guns down. But it takes a while. Something I hear often is like, we are asking people to put their guns down, but what are we putting in their hands in return? It is complicated to try to figure out like, well, when are we going to see changes? It could take a generation, you know what I’m saying? And one thing that statistics can never capture is the 16 year old, who may have been ready to shoot somebody and never did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>I do hope to see more sort of like yearly and kind of regular reports about how many people are being reached, how many contacts were made, how many people were, you know, funneled into services, being able to keep track of those things over several years. Well, help us understand the violent crime trends that we that we may see, especially when it comes to homicides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Abené, thank you so much as always.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>Thank you for having me. It was a great time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>That was Abené Clayton, a reporter with the Guardian’s Guns and Lives in America project. This 40 minute conversation with Abené was cut down and edited by senior editor Alan Monteceillo. Maria Esquinca is our producer. She scored this episode and added the tape with extra production support from me. Music courtesy of Audio Network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>The rest of our podcast team at KQED includes Jen Chien, our director of podcasts, Katie Sprenger, our podcast operations manager, Cesar Saldana, our podcast engagement producer, Maha Sanad, our podcast engagement intern, and Holly Kernan, our chief content officer. The Bay is a production of listener supported KQED in San Francisco. I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra. Thank you so much for listening. I’ll talk to you next time.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">From 2012–2019, Oakland’s Operation Ceasefire has been credited with helping the city reduce homicides by nearly half. At its height, it targeted the handful of individuals responsible for the bulk of gun violence and offered services.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But a recent audit requested by Mayor Sheng Thao revealed several factors that led to the breakdown of the program. Now, she wants to revive it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC2881307616\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-content post-body\">\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra, and welcome to the Bay. Local news to keep you rooted. Cities around the country have struggled with an uptick in gun violence since the pandemic, and Black and Latino communities were hit hardest by the end of last year, though, that violence was finally beginning to slow in major cities like Detroit and Saint Louis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>But not in Oakland, where 100 homicides were reported in 2023. What exactly fuels this violence is a complex question, but Oakland is offering one possible reason the breakdown of its marquee violence prevention program known as Operation Ceasefire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>Operation ceasefire was one of the prime groups that was credited with driving gun violence down by nearly half, about 46%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Last month, a new audit requested by Mayor Shane Tao concluded the city of Oakland had made a mistake in letting Operation Cease Fire fizzle out today. The success and failure of Oakland’s operation cease fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>The year that Operation Cease Fire started in Oakland, 126 people were killed, which is a multi-decade high for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Abené Clayton is a reporter with the Guardian’s Guns and Lives in America project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>In 2012, Oakland launched Operation Cease Fire, and the goal was to use the intelligence that the police get from patrolling and arresting and kind of combine that with the opportunities in kind of community care that come from faith leaders, local activists, violence prevention professionals to target the very small amount of the population in Oakland, maybe less than 1% of people who are responsible for the majority of the gun violence at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>So it sounds like a particularly violent year in Oakland when Operation Cease Fire kind of took off. And you mentioned a few different groups there faith leaders, community leaders, and the police. Can you talk about who ran Operation Cease Fire and how did this work exactly? What did it mean to target these individuals in the community who were responsible for gun violence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>So it was a multi-pronged approach. Operation Ceasefire detail. Police would review shootings every week. They would discuss patterns if they noticed that a particular individual was killed. That could heighten the risk of retaliation. If there was a kind of concentration of shootings over the past week, they knew which groups, which individuals were most responsible for those most recent shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>At the same time, you had faith leaders and you had community workers who were organizing these things called ceasefire night walks, right where they would walk through some of the most pop in, if you will, areas usually in East or West Oakland with signs calling for peace, being these kind of visible ambassadors of violence prevention in their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>These two groups would kind of emerge during these meetings called Collins, which I think is one of the kind of most well known parts of the ceasefire strategy. Police would make contact with somebody, invite them to a place, usually a community center or a church where, as I mentioned, again, faith leaders and other violence prevention folks, people who may have been formerly incarcerated and are now out of prison, would all meet with the person, ask them to stop the shooting, let them know like we see you, we know what’s going on and this isn’t the lifestyle that you want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>And if the person was open, you know there were opportunities to link them with resources then and kind of get the ball rolling on whatever services they needed, you know, housing, job training, getting your GED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>There was always food, which I feel like is a really underestimated part of violence prevention. But every single violence interrupter I know says, if you’re going to have a meeting where you’re bringing in folks who you believe are part of the violence, make sure there are solid meals there that they can take home to their families. So there were several things that were built in to beginning the launch of Operation Ceasefire to make sure that trust was established and that that could lead to buy in for people who are genuinely hard to like, wrap your arms around somehow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>How successful was it at stopping gun violence in the city in its prime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>Pre-pandemic, between 2012 and really, 2019? Operation ceasefire was one of the prime groups that was credited with driving gun violence down by nearly half, about 46% in 2012, when ceasefire was launched, 126 people were killed and then within five years, that number went down to 72. In criminology, and when talking about gun violence, there’s a lot of hedging and a lot of hesitance to point to any one program. However, research does point to significant changes brought on by the program. I’m sure that’s not the reason for all of the lives that weren’t lost in those five years, but I don’t think we can undersell that. It was an important program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>So pretty successful program, it seems. When did things start to take a turn though for Operation Ceasefire?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>So based on the audit that was produced, at the behest of Mayor Shengtao, there are kind of three main things that were brought up in 2016. There was a shift from the person based approach. And what I mean by that is going directly to people. And there was a change to place based prevention. Or officers would be in a general area or a particular neighborhood that was a hot spot at the moment. It’s kind of unclear what the specific impact was, but it does sound like it made it a little bit harder to reach the individuals who were responsible for the majority of the gun violence. And then fast forward to 2020, the pandemic hit and another major part of ceasefire strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>The in-person interaction was all but snuffed out. And we saw this with a number of violence prevention organizations. You know, you used to be able to find somebody who you were working with, trying to mentor at their job, and a lot of places shut down or people were working from home. It was unsafe. And finally, one of the things that has actually been a point of contention in 2021, the former chief of police, Lauren Armstrong, started a new unit that was aimed at boosting the city’s clearance rate. Right. So solving more homicides, which is an important part of the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>However, the audit shows that the creation of that office pulled patrol units from those cease fire hotspots and diluted the presence of officers who knew the kind of cease fire ethos. There’s a certain level of BI in that those officers had and community insight that was taken from those areas. So those 3 or 4 things combined, as we’ve read in the audit and in some of the great coverage that’s come out of the audit, it rendered ceasefire pretty much a shell of its original self.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Coming up, why we’re talking about Operation Ceasefire now, and whether bringing it back can help make the city safer. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I know we’ve been talking about the the audit and of course, it is sort of the reason why we’re even talking about Operation Ceasefire, but also gun violence, as you’ve just been talking about, has gotten worse in Oakland over the years. Can you, I guess, just explain why there has been renewed attention to Operation Cease Fire in Oakland?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>The mayor saw the level of gun violence that was happening and saw that it was continuing on, abated. And the statement that she put out just before the city council meeting where the audit was presented, she emphasized that like this did not happen overnight in public safety, the politics of crime are just something else in Oakland at the moment. And I you know, I can’t read her mind, but to think that it wouldn’t be politically advantageous to revive this. Marcie. Well known, nationally recognized gun violence prevention program. It kind of only makes sense to do that, especially if people are looking at you and laying all types of of crime, property, crime, violent crime directly at your feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>What were the key takeaways from the audit? Like, what do they suggest the city do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>Sounds like the staffing levels need to rise once again. Coordination with the Office of Violence Prevention. That has seen its own changes. Just a greater level of coordination. The strategies are being discussed. How they’re going to approach people is being discussed. Beefing up life coaching and services and supports, which goes back to coordinating with the Office of Violence Prevention and so many of the groups that are in the city that provide these things but may operate in silos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ersie Joyner \u003c/strong>But what our audit says is that given the facts, what the city was doing, what took place, where we are now, we made a mistake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong> RErsie Joyner was a longtime Oakland Police Department veteran. He had been with the department since the 90s, kind of seen all of the changes the city went through, and eventually became the head of Operation Cease Fire in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ersie Joyner: \u003c/strong>It was a strategy that not only was being successful in law enforcement, but more importantly, it was accepted by the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>He spoke at the Oakland City Council meeting in mid-January. He said pretty plainly and learned that the city made a mistake. You know, it kind of allowed the operation cease fire to disintegrate for lack of a better term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ersie Joyner: \u003c/strong>And there’s nothing wrong with Eddie that we made a mistake in doing a course correction. But let’s go back to actually be a strategic, mindful and preventative and not just arresting people, but preventing people from being hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>How has Mayor Shengtao responded to the results of the audit?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>Albany just three days after the City Council meeting where the audit was presented, she said that Operation Cease Fire would be fully staffed by that Saturday and that Saturday was the 20th. I mean, and it is important to mention that Shengtao was not the mayor when Oakland cease fire began. She was not even the mayor when this uptick in homicides started. She was quoted as saying that she’s taking responsibility for ensuring that staffing goes up, that there are checks on this group and that everything is running smooth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>It sounds like she wants to actively make sure that Operation Cease Fire gets fully back up and running as soon as possible, because the issue isn’t going anywhere. I do not know if that has happened because her communications people have yet to respond to my inquiry asking if the staffing levels reform. It’s not something I could find online. So it’s unclear at this present moment if we’re taking Mayor Tao out her word, it’s fully staffed and on its way to being operational. I wish I could confirm that, but, maybe they’ll hear this and call me back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Assuming that maybe it is. I don’t imagine we’ll see results overnight. Overnight? How will we know? I guess, if it’s working again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>Yeah. I mean, I think there are a few markers we should keep our eye out for. What everybody wants to see is kind of a immediate drop in shootings, right? Of course. That is the ultimate goal is to stop bloodshed. That is one difficult two to measure and attribute to any one group. But with something like Operation Ceasefire, outside of what the police do to gather intelligence, to reach people, to have these, you know, ceasefire officers who are familiar with the goal and the ethos of the organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>A big part of it is the relationships that are forged between those high risk people and violence intervention workers, between faith leaders. Right. And those relationships can lead to people putting the guns down. But it takes a while. Something I hear often is like, we are asking people to put their guns down, but what are we putting in their hands in return? It is complicated to try to figure out like, well, when are we going to see changes? It could take a generation, you know what I’m saying? And one thing that statistics can never capture is the 16 year old, who may have been ready to shoot somebody and never did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>I do hope to see more sort of like yearly and kind of regular reports about how many people are being reached, how many contacts were made, how many people were, you know, funneled into services, being able to keep track of those things over several years. Well, help us understand the violent crime trends that we that we may see, especially when it comes to homicides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Abené, thank you so much as always.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abené Clayton: \u003c/strong>Thank you for having me. It was a great time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>That was Abené Clayton, a reporter with the Guardian’s Guns and Lives in America project. This 40 minute conversation with Abené was cut down and edited by senior editor Alan Monteceillo. Maria Esquinca is our producer. She scored this episode and added the tape with extra production support from me. Music courtesy of Audio Network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>The rest of our podcast team at KQED includes Jen Chien, our director of podcasts, Katie Sprenger, our podcast operations manager, Cesar Saldana, our podcast engagement producer, Maha Sanad, our podcast engagement intern, and Holly Kernan, our chief content officer. The Bay is a production of listener supported KQED in San Francisco. I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra. Thank you so much for listening. I’ll talk to you next time.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>"
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"content": "\u003cp>Oakland community members held a vigil Friday morning for police Officer Tuan Le, one week after he was fatally shot while responding to a reported burglary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the Fa Yun Chan Temple recited a prayer for the deceased officer, who was Buddhist. Organizers set up a picture of Le smiling in his uniform alongside a table with traditional offerings of fruit, flowers and incense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those at the event spoke of Le’s commitment to his job and recalled attending his graduation from the police academy in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was very proud of being an Oakland police officer and he was very proud of protecting our community,” Alameda County Supervisor Lena Tam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Chinatown Chamber Foundation organized the vigil. Carl Chan, the group’s president, said Le was a friendly and approachable presence in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was not only a police officer but also a good friend of the community,” Chan said. “So today, we are so happy that many of us could have a chance to express our appreciation for Officer Le, but also to his family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le was fatally shot in the early hours of Dec. 29 while responding to a reported burglary at a cannabis business.[aside postID=\"news_11971175,news_11971594,news_11971493\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]Two men charged with Le’s murder were arraigned in court Thursday morning. They are expected to appear again on Jan. 18 to enter their pleas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after the vigil, just over a dozen people rallied in front of Oakland City Hall. Some held signs calling for the recall of Oakland District Attorney Pamela Price or wore apparel supporting Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organized by the group Citizens Unite, the rally called for city leadership to hire more police officers, punish criminals more harshly, and declare a state of emergency over crime in Oakland in light of Le’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are the heroes, these are the people we call and rely on when we get in trouble. But our politicians are letting them die,” said Francisco Acosta, who participated in the rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland City Councilmember Noel Gallo also attended. He supported the calls for Oakland Mayor Sheng Thao to declare a state of emergency, saying that would allow federal law enforcement to increase their presence in the city and speed up the process of appointing a new permanent police chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971826\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971826\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Organizers set up a table with traditional offerings of fruit, flowers and incense.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland City Councilmember Carroll Fife pushed back on those assertions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Declaring a legal state of emergency is not something that will change the conditions on the street at all, and it’s actually disingenuous or ignorant to suggest otherwise,” Fife said in an interview with KQED. “I’m really exhausted with the politicization of pain. And I think individuals are weaponizing the pain and the trauma of Oakland residents to advance a political narrative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fife also said an increased police presence on the streets of Oakland would not make the city safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would argue that it is the defunding of social services that is creating chaos for underserved populations that creates the pain that we see. Because individuals who are never, who never have their needs met don’t give a s— about yours,” Fife said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oakland community members held a vigil Friday morning for police Officer Tuan Le, one week after he was fatally shot while responding to a reported burglary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the Fa Yun Chan Temple recited a prayer for the deceased officer, who was Buddhist. Organizers set up a picture of Le smiling in his uniform alongside a table with traditional offerings of fruit, flowers and incense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those at the event spoke of Le’s commitment to his job and recalled attending his graduation from the police academy in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was very proud of being an Oakland police officer and he was very proud of protecting our community,” Alameda County Supervisor Lena Tam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Chinatown Chamber Foundation organized the vigil. Carl Chan, the group’s president, said Le was a friendly and approachable presence in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was not only a police officer but also a good friend of the community,” Chan said. “So today, we are so happy that many of us could have a chance to express our appreciation for Officer Le, but also to his family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le was fatally shot in the early hours of Dec. 29 while responding to a reported burglary at a cannabis business.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Two men charged with Le’s murder were arraigned in court Thursday morning. They are expected to appear again on Jan. 18 to enter their pleas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after the vigil, just over a dozen people rallied in front of Oakland City Hall. Some held signs calling for the recall of Oakland District Attorney Pamela Price or wore apparel supporting Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organized by the group Citizens Unite, the rally called for city leadership to hire more police officers, punish criminals more harshly, and declare a state of emergency over crime in Oakland in light of Le’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are the heroes, these are the people we call and rely on when we get in trouble. But our politicians are letting them die,” said Francisco Acosta, who participated in the rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland City Councilmember Noel Gallo also attended. He supported the calls for Oakland Mayor Sheng Thao to declare a state of emergency, saying that would allow federal law enforcement to increase their presence in the city and speed up the process of appointing a new permanent police chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971826\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971826\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/IMG_2338-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Organizers set up a table with traditional offerings of fruit, flowers and incense.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland City Councilmember Carroll Fife pushed back on those assertions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Declaring a legal state of emergency is not something that will change the conditions on the street at all, and it’s actually disingenuous or ignorant to suggest otherwise,” Fife said in an interview with KQED. “I’m really exhausted with the politicization of pain. And I think individuals are weaponizing the pain and the trauma of Oakland residents to advance a political narrative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fife also said an increased police presence on the streets of Oakland would not make the city safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would argue that it is the defunding of social services that is creating chaos for underserved populations that creates the pain that we see. Because individuals who are never, who never have their needs met don’t give a s— about yours,” Fife said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Oakland police announced Tuesday several arrests have been made in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971175/oakland-police-officer-shot-and-killed-on-duty-near-jack-london-square\">shooting death of undercover Officer Tuan Le last week\u003c/a>. Le, 36, was shot multiple times in the early morning hours Friday while responding to a burglary call at a cannabis dispensary in the 400 block of Embarcadero. He died at a hospital at 8:44 a.m. that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Alameda County Jail booking records and multiple news organizations, a man named Mark Demetrious Sanders, 27, suspected in the killing of Officer Tuan Le, was arrested Tuesday in Livermore by Oakland police and the U.S. Marshals. Sanders was booked in Santa Rita Jail on charges of murder, assault with a firearm, burglary and conspiracy to commit burglary. The Oakland Police Department said on Wednesday that they haven’t officially released any names at this time, and there are additional suspects they have yet to arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11971175\" label=\"Related Story\"]“In collaboration with our law enforcement partners, OPD has made significant progress in the investigation, resulting in several additional arrests over the weekend,” Oakland police said in a news release on Tuesday, adding that they made at least one arrest early Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is just the beginning of a lengthy legal process; we are hopeful that it will start the healing for Officer Le’s grieving family and our entire OPD family,” police said in the news release. “We are committed to keeping you all informed throughout the investigation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to OPD, the department is not releasing any names at this time because “this is an ongoing investigation, and we do not want to jeopardize our case. There are additional suspects we have yet to arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers initially responded around 1 a.m. Friday to a report of a burglary at the dispensary but eventually left the scene, then returned at about 4:30 a.m. for a call of a second burglary at the same location. Officers saw multiple people leaving the scene, and at least one person fired multiple times, striking Le, who was working as a plainclothes officer and driving an unmarked vehicle. The four-year veteran of the department is survived by his wife and mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Tara Siler, Kiley Russell of Bay City News, and multiple news organizations.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oakland police announced Tuesday several arrests have been made in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971175/oakland-police-officer-shot-and-killed-on-duty-near-jack-london-square\">shooting death of undercover Officer Tuan Le last week\u003c/a>. Le, 36, was shot multiple times in the early morning hours Friday while responding to a burglary call at a cannabis dispensary in the 400 block of Embarcadero. He died at a hospital at 8:44 a.m. that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Alameda County Jail booking records and multiple news organizations, a man named Mark Demetrious Sanders, 27, suspected in the killing of Officer Tuan Le, was arrested Tuesday in Livermore by Oakland police and the U.S. Marshals. Sanders was booked in Santa Rita Jail on charges of murder, assault with a firearm, burglary and conspiracy to commit burglary. The Oakland Police Department said on Wednesday that they haven’t officially released any names at this time, and there are additional suspects they have yet to arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“In collaboration with our law enforcement partners, OPD has made significant progress in the investigation, resulting in several additional arrests over the weekend,” Oakland police said in a news release on Tuesday, adding that they made at least one arrest early Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is just the beginning of a lengthy legal process; we are hopeful that it will start the healing for Officer Le’s grieving family and our entire OPD family,” police said in the news release. “We are committed to keeping you all informed throughout the investigation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to OPD, the department is not releasing any names at this time because “this is an ongoing investigation, and we do not want to jeopardize our case. There are additional suspects we have yet to arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers initially responded around 1 a.m. Friday to a report of a burglary at the dispensary but eventually left the scene, then returned at about 4:30 a.m. for a call of a second burglary at the same location. Officers saw multiple people leaving the scene, and at least one person fired multiple times, striking Le, who was working as a plainclothes officer and driving an unmarked vehicle. The four-year veteran of the department is survived by his wife and mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Tara Siler, Kiley Russell of Bay City News, and multiple news organizations.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Is Oakland's Community Response Team a Successful Alternative to Police?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Jazz Armas and Michael Thompson discussed whether they would know the man yelling at people as they drove to Frank H. Ogawa Plaza in downtown Oakland in late October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wonder if it’s Joshua,” Armas said as she pulled the van into the plaza just before noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armas and Thompson saw Joshua lying on a bench in front of City Hall. After speaking with him, it became clear to them he wasn’t the person causing a disturbance. Armas handed Joshua a couple of bottles of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, a hollering came from across the plaza. “That’s our guy,” Armas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armas and Thompson walked over to the man and asked if he was interested in resources to find housing. He wasn’t in the mood for assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He wanted to wrestle,” Thompson said, back in the van. “And I do not wanna wrestle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armas and Thompson are part of Oakland’s fledgling civilian response team, the Mobile Assistance Community Responders of Oakland, or MACRO. They had responded to an email referral at Frank Ogawa Plaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than a decade, residents, activists, community groups and coalitions in Oakland have been asking for an alternative to law enforcement for situations where advocates say an armed response is neither necessary nor ideal. The killing of Joshua Pawlik, whom Oakland police officers fatally shot in March 2018, heightened demands. Pawlik, an unhoused person who was armed and apparently unconscious in a small space between two homes, was awakened by officers. As he stirred, police shot him 22 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MACRO was launched in April 2022 to divert some non-emergency 911 calls away from police. MACRO is part of the Oakland Fire Department, and teams usually have one responder trained in de-escalation and one EMT. MACRO can respond to non-violent and non-criminal situations, such as an unarmed person reportedly yelling but not threatening violence or someone sleeping in the doorway of a business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971375\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11971375 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/MACRO01.jpg\" alt=\"A group of men speak outside of a vehicle. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/MACRO01.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/MACRO01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/MACRO01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/MACRO01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/MACRO01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At MACRO’s headquarters, Elliott Jones, center, speaks with responders Tony Tran, left, and Raul Cedeno III as they end their shift on Sept. 19, 2023. \u003ccite>(Nik Altenberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>MACRO completed its 18-month pilot period in October and is expected to more than double its staff early this year, according to Elliott Jones, the program’s manager. Oakland’s 2023-25 budget includes funding for 42 positions for MACRO responders. KQED spent several weeks reporting on MACRO, including riding along with Armas and Thompson as they responded to calls in West Oakland, North Oakland and downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were only 11 responders on staff in early December. The low number means that some days, there is only one MACRO team covering the entire city. For six days in October, MACRO was “out of service for internal work,” Jones wrote in an email to a KQED reporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MACRO teams work seven days a week, starting at 6:30 a.m. and typically finishing at 1:45 p.m. Depending on staffing, MACRO will provide service until 10 p.m. up to three days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"https://cao-94612.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/USC_MACRO-Report-Edited_062120_2020-10-12-193923.pdf\">report commissioned by the Oakland City Council\u003c/a> in 2019 on the feasibility of implementing a mobile crisis intervention pilot modeled after a program in Eugene, Oregon, MACRO was envisioned as a 24-hour service. Jones said he has no timeline for when that may be possible. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jazz Armas, community intervention specialist, Mobile Assistance Community Responders of Oakland (MACRO)\"]‘On our swing shifts when we work late ‘til like 9 or 10, it tends to be mostly dispatch calls. It can get a little messy.’[/pullquote]Critics say the program isn’t taking shape as expected and that it isn’t taking enough 911 calls. According to Armas, the number of calls transferred from 911 dispatch tend to “ramp up” after 6 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On our swing shifts, when we work late ‘til like 9 or 10, it tends to be mostly dispatch calls,” she said. “It can get a little messy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armas expressed some doubt about an overnight shift, saying that responders would be ineffective at outreach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to walk through Snow Park to see if anybody needs help at 9 o’clock, right, but we can do it right now,” she said, referring to the grassy area on Lakeside Drive near Lake Merritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MACRO responders don’t respond to domestic violence-related calls, crimes in progress or enter homes. Responders are also not supposed to handle calls where an individual is reportedly threatening violence or is armed. But once on scene, it is largely up to the responders’ discretion when a situation crosses the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11965588\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11965588\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless encampment is seen through the windshield of a car.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mobile Assistance Community Responders of Oakland (MACRO) EMT Jazziree Armas drives down Wood Street to canvas the area for people in need in Oakland on Tuesday, Oct. 24, 2023. When canvassing, MACRO team members look for unhoused individuals they’ve met previously to continue building relationships in the hopes that they will accept any offered help. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If someone has a knife, “we aren’t necessarily automatically threatened — unless they’re ready to use it,” said Armas, who grew up in East Oakland. “We have had knives pulled on us. One of my partners had a boxcutter on his neck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when it’s time to call the police, Armas said. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jazz Armas, community intervention specialist, MACRO\"]‘If the situation does, you know, go outside of our scope, it’s very important to know when something’s not your job.’[/pullquote]“If the situation does, you know, go outside of our scope, it’s very important to know when something’s not your job,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responders sometimes call the police or a county mental health team for backup or to take over. Thompson described the man at Frank Ogawa Plaza as agitated and “not in a shared reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was “one of those in-between mental health concern calls where it doesn’t meet the high enough priority for us to call police,” Armas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For responders to be able to further address the situation, Armas said, people “have to be cooperative, they have to want and accept help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dispatching Calls to MACRO\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the Oakland police 911 call center, dispatchers have been trained to forward a specific list of call types to MACRO, like disorderly juveniles or public indecency. When a call may be appropriate for MACRO but “does not quite fit the established criteria, the dispatcher will call MACRO to see if they are able to handle the call,” said Paul Chambers, a spokesman for the Oakland Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dispatchers started transferring calls to MACRO in August 2022. Jones said he may have underestimated how much it would take to coordinate getting calls routed to MACRO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11965590\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11965590\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Two people en black shirts engage with a third unseen person sitting on a city sidewalk.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community Intervention Specialist Michael Thompson (left) and EMT Jazziree Armas (right) of the Mobile Assistance Community Responders of Oakland (MACRO) speak with an unhoused person in Oakland on Tuesday, Oct. 24, 2023. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If I could do one thing over again, I would have started with dispatch,” he said. “I would have really made it a point early on in the program to get dispatch totally bought in and onboard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incorporating MACRO into the 911 dispatch center happened at a challenging time. Response times to 911 calls in Oakland have been the subject of multiple grand jury reports, and California could revoke the city’s right to field 911 calls if response times don’t improve by July. In September, Oakland leaders dedicated $2.5 million to hire more dispatchers and improve the center’s efficiency. On Dec. 5, KTVU \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktvu.com/news/oakland-called-out-for-overlooking-hundreds-of-police-dispatcher-apps\">reported\u003c/a> that hundreds of dispatcher applications had been ignored since 2022, leading to long hiring gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before 911 calls were routed to MACRO, the majority of responders’ work was outreach work, primarily by driving around looking for people who needed assistance or situations that could escalate to calling the police. Responders were also receiving email requests from residents. Data show that since starting to receive 911 referrals, outreach remains a central part of responders’ work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"MACRO responses by call origin\" aria-label=\"Interactive area chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-NJdtu\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/NJdtu/4/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"400\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armas said the outreach work is something she’s proud of, and it’s something Oakland needs. One day, while doing a wellness check, responders found an individual with an infected leg wound from being shot three days before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They weren’t looking for help, and nobody was looking for them,” Armas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another time, Armas went to check on a person lying face down on a mattress near International Boulevard and Fifth Avenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We go to try to wake him, and there was no response,” Armas said of the man who was dead. “We find a lot of stuff that nobody was even looking for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the outreach work is not what MACRO was designed to be doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outreach to an unhoused person or receiving a request via email is “usually a situation that a police officer would never have been sent to begin with,” said Millie Cleveland, a member of MACRO’s advisory board who noted that residents requested a phone number for MACRO, not an email address. “The goal of MACRO is to take calls from the 911 system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11965587\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11965587\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A person types into a laptop from the passenger seat of a car.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community Intervention Specialist Michael Thompson of The Mobile Assistance Community Responders of Oakland (MACRO) fills out a report after responding to a call at Frank Ogawa Plaza in Oakland on Tuesday, Oct. 24, 2023. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jones said getting the phone line set up isn’t a simple task, in part because it will require training fire department dispatchers on how to evaluate and assign incoming calls. All 911 calls go to the police dispatch center first. Calls appropriate for MACRO are routed to a fire dispatcher, who assigns it to a MACRO team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones said he expects to have the number up and running early this year, which would take some pressure off the police dispatch center. A lot of people have stopped calling 911 for help with the types of calls MACRO would be able to take, according to Armas. She said she believes Oakland police often don’t have the capacity to respond to non-violent crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not going to call because they know no one’s coming,” she said. “We also have to establish that now there is someone to call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 2019 feasibility report, the city council voted in 2020 to move forward with the program. After a failed shot at finding a contractor to run the program, in 2021 the city council moved to place the program in the fire department and expedite its launch.\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Elliott Jones, program manager, MACRO\"]‘Everything with MACRO happened so fast. I think that there was this desire from the community for everything to be here almost immediately.’[/pullquote]Jones, an Oakland native, felt the time crunch when he was hired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything with MACRO happened so fast. I think that there was this desire from the community for everything to be here almost immediately,” he said. “My second day on the job, I was asked to come to public safety committee, and one of the first questions was, ‘Well, when is the program launching?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones said Edward Reiskin, Oakland’s former city administrator, gave him a tight timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember being in a meeting and offering a couple of dates and him being like, ‘Nope, nope, we need this sooner,’” Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost immediately after launching, residents and city leaders were asking about expansion, according to Jones. MACRO launched as an 18-month pilot program in two high-needs areas, West Oakland and deep East Oakland. After three months, MACRO expanded to cover the whole city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our team had the capability and the capacity to serve the city, the entire city,” Jones said. “So we quickly expanded to that, and council was supportive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From July to October 2023, MACRO teams recorded the most responses in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"MACRO responses by location and call origin\" aria-label=\"Table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-qpImM\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/qpImM/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"315\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If our businesses are calling, then we need to make sure that they’re being served because if we lose that tax revenue, that tax base, then the entire city would suffer,” said Oakland City Councilmember Carroll Fife, whose district includes downtown, West Oakland and Chinatown. “So that’s what I’m advocating for in terms of prioritization. But, you know, we have to figure out how to do that and how to do that equitably.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The needs vary in different parts of the city, Armas said. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Oakland City Councilmember Carroll Fife\"]‘If our businesses are calling, then we need to make sure that they’re being served because if we lose that tax revenue, that tax base, then the entire city would suffer.’[/pullquote]“Further east, we don’t get calls of, you know, people kinda just existing,” she said. “We get more mental health crises, trespassing, indecent exposures, public intoxication, disorderly juveniles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thompson said sometimes people may be using MACRO responders to essentially shoo homeless people away. “It can border on the line of you want us to come and make them go away,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another email referral Armas and Thompson responded to in October was at the Golden Gate Branch of the Oakland Public Library on San Pablo Avenue. The request was a wellness check for a homeless woman who had bathed in the bathroom and then moved to the sidewalk in front of the library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrived, the woman brushed her wet hair with a comb. A few tote bags and suitcases were stacked beside her. She declined their help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She is not up to engaging,” Armas said. “But she’s OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But she’s OK,” Thompson repeated. “And it’s not illegal to be homeless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Is Oakland's Community Response Team a Successful Alternative to Police? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jazz Armas and Michael Thompson discussed whether they would know the man yelling at people as they drove to Frank H. Ogawa Plaza in downtown Oakland in late October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wonder if it’s Joshua,” Armas said as she pulled the van into the plaza just before noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armas and Thompson saw Joshua lying on a bench in front of City Hall. After speaking with him, it became clear to them he wasn’t the person causing a disturbance. Armas handed Joshua a couple of bottles of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, a hollering came from across the plaza. “That’s our guy,” Armas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armas and Thompson walked over to the man and asked if he was interested in resources to find housing. He wasn’t in the mood for assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He wanted to wrestle,” Thompson said, back in the van. “And I do not wanna wrestle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armas and Thompson are part of Oakland’s fledgling civilian response team, the Mobile Assistance Community Responders of Oakland, or MACRO. They had responded to an email referral at Frank Ogawa Plaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than a decade, residents, activists, community groups and coalitions in Oakland have been asking for an alternative to law enforcement for situations where advocates say an armed response is neither necessary nor ideal. The killing of Joshua Pawlik, whom Oakland police officers fatally shot in March 2018, heightened demands. Pawlik, an unhoused person who was armed and apparently unconscious in a small space between two homes, was awakened by officers. As he stirred, police shot him 22 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MACRO was launched in April 2022 to divert some non-emergency 911 calls away from police. MACRO is part of the Oakland Fire Department, and teams usually have one responder trained in de-escalation and one EMT. MACRO can respond to non-violent and non-criminal situations, such as an unarmed person reportedly yelling but not threatening violence or someone sleeping in the doorway of a business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971375\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11971375 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/MACRO01.jpg\" alt=\"A group of men speak outside of a vehicle. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/MACRO01.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/MACRO01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/MACRO01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/MACRO01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/MACRO01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At MACRO’s headquarters, Elliott Jones, center, speaks with responders Tony Tran, left, and Raul Cedeno III as they end their shift on Sept. 19, 2023. \u003ccite>(Nik Altenberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>MACRO completed its 18-month pilot period in October and is expected to more than double its staff early this year, according to Elliott Jones, the program’s manager. Oakland’s 2023-25 budget includes funding for 42 positions for MACRO responders. KQED spent several weeks reporting on MACRO, including riding along with Armas and Thompson as they responded to calls in West Oakland, North Oakland and downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were only 11 responders on staff in early December. The low number means that some days, there is only one MACRO team covering the entire city. For six days in October, MACRO was “out of service for internal work,” Jones wrote in an email to a KQED reporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MACRO teams work seven days a week, starting at 6:30 a.m. and typically finishing at 1:45 p.m. Depending on staffing, MACRO will provide service until 10 p.m. up to three days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"https://cao-94612.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/USC_MACRO-Report-Edited_062120_2020-10-12-193923.pdf\">report commissioned by the Oakland City Council\u003c/a> in 2019 on the feasibility of implementing a mobile crisis intervention pilot modeled after a program in Eugene, Oregon, MACRO was envisioned as a 24-hour service. Jones said he has no timeline for when that may be possible. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘On our swing shifts when we work late ‘til like 9 or 10, it tends to be mostly dispatch calls. It can get a little messy.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Critics say the program isn’t taking shape as expected and that it isn’t taking enough 911 calls. According to Armas, the number of calls transferred from 911 dispatch tend to “ramp up” after 6 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On our swing shifts, when we work late ‘til like 9 or 10, it tends to be mostly dispatch calls,” she said. “It can get a little messy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armas expressed some doubt about an overnight shift, saying that responders would be ineffective at outreach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to walk through Snow Park to see if anybody needs help at 9 o’clock, right, but we can do it right now,” she said, referring to the grassy area on Lakeside Drive near Lake Merritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MACRO responders don’t respond to domestic violence-related calls, crimes in progress or enter homes. Responders are also not supposed to handle calls where an individual is reportedly threatening violence or is armed. But once on scene, it is largely up to the responders’ discretion when a situation crosses the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11965588\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11965588\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless encampment is seen through the windshield of a car.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-008-JY-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mobile Assistance Community Responders of Oakland (MACRO) EMT Jazziree Armas drives down Wood Street to canvas the area for people in need in Oakland on Tuesday, Oct. 24, 2023. When canvassing, MACRO team members look for unhoused individuals they’ve met previously to continue building relationships in the hopes that they will accept any offered help. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If someone has a knife, “we aren’t necessarily automatically threatened — unless they’re ready to use it,” said Armas, who grew up in East Oakland. “We have had knives pulled on us. One of my partners had a boxcutter on his neck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when it’s time to call the police, Armas said. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If the situation does, you know, go outside of our scope, it’s very important to know when something’s not your job.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“If the situation does, you know, go outside of our scope, it’s very important to know when something’s not your job,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responders sometimes call the police or a county mental health team for backup or to take over. Thompson described the man at Frank Ogawa Plaza as agitated and “not in a shared reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was “one of those in-between mental health concern calls where it doesn’t meet the high enough priority for us to call police,” Armas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For responders to be able to further address the situation, Armas said, people “have to be cooperative, they have to want and accept help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dispatching Calls to MACRO\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the Oakland police 911 call center, dispatchers have been trained to forward a specific list of call types to MACRO, like disorderly juveniles or public indecency. When a call may be appropriate for MACRO but “does not quite fit the established criteria, the dispatcher will call MACRO to see if they are able to handle the call,” said Paul Chambers, a spokesman for the Oakland Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dispatchers started transferring calls to MACRO in August 2022. Jones said he may have underestimated how much it would take to coordinate getting calls routed to MACRO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11965590\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11965590\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Two people en black shirts engage with a third unseen person sitting on a city sidewalk.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-015-JY-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community Intervention Specialist Michael Thompson (left) and EMT Jazziree Armas (right) of the Mobile Assistance Community Responders of Oakland (MACRO) speak with an unhoused person in Oakland on Tuesday, Oct. 24, 2023. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If I could do one thing over again, I would have started with dispatch,” he said. “I would have really made it a point early on in the program to get dispatch totally bought in and onboard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incorporating MACRO into the 911 dispatch center happened at a challenging time. Response times to 911 calls in Oakland have been the subject of multiple grand jury reports, and California could revoke the city’s right to field 911 calls if response times don’t improve by July. In September, Oakland leaders dedicated $2.5 million to hire more dispatchers and improve the center’s efficiency. On Dec. 5, KTVU \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktvu.com/news/oakland-called-out-for-overlooking-hundreds-of-police-dispatcher-apps\">reported\u003c/a> that hundreds of dispatcher applications had been ignored since 2022, leading to long hiring gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before 911 calls were routed to MACRO, the majority of responders’ work was outreach work, primarily by driving around looking for people who needed assistance or situations that could escalate to calling the police. Responders were also receiving email requests from residents. Data show that since starting to receive 911 referrals, outreach remains a central part of responders’ work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"MACRO responses by call origin\" aria-label=\"Interactive area chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-NJdtu\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/NJdtu/4/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"400\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armas said the outreach work is something she’s proud of, and it’s something Oakland needs. One day, while doing a wellness check, responders found an individual with an infected leg wound from being shot three days before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They weren’t looking for help, and nobody was looking for them,” Armas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another time, Armas went to check on a person lying face down on a mattress near International Boulevard and Fifth Avenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We go to try to wake him, and there was no response,” Armas said of the man who was dead. “We find a lot of stuff that nobody was even looking for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the outreach work is not what MACRO was designed to be doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outreach to an unhoused person or receiving a request via email is “usually a situation that a police officer would never have been sent to begin with,” said Millie Cleveland, a member of MACRO’s advisory board who noted that residents requested a phone number for MACRO, not an email address. “The goal of MACRO is to take calls from the 911 system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11965587\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11965587\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A person types into a laptop from the passenger seat of a car.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231024-MACRO-005-JY-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community Intervention Specialist Michael Thompson of The Mobile Assistance Community Responders of Oakland (MACRO) fills out a report after responding to a call at Frank Ogawa Plaza in Oakland on Tuesday, Oct. 24, 2023. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jones said getting the phone line set up isn’t a simple task, in part because it will require training fire department dispatchers on how to evaluate and assign incoming calls. All 911 calls go to the police dispatch center first. Calls appropriate for MACRO are routed to a fire dispatcher, who assigns it to a MACRO team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones said he expects to have the number up and running early this year, which would take some pressure off the police dispatch center. A lot of people have stopped calling 911 for help with the types of calls MACRO would be able to take, according to Armas. She said she believes Oakland police often don’t have the capacity to respond to non-violent crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not going to call because they know no one’s coming,” she said. “We also have to establish that now there is someone to call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 2019 feasibility report, the city council voted in 2020 to move forward with the program. After a failed shot at finding a contractor to run the program, in 2021 the city council moved to place the program in the fire department and expedite its launch.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Everything with MACRO happened so fast. I think that there was this desire from the community for everything to be here almost immediately.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Jones, an Oakland native, felt the time crunch when he was hired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything with MACRO happened so fast. I think that there was this desire from the community for everything to be here almost immediately,” he said. “My second day on the job, I was asked to come to public safety committee, and one of the first questions was, ‘Well, when is the program launching?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones said Edward Reiskin, Oakland’s former city administrator, gave him a tight timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember being in a meeting and offering a couple of dates and him being like, ‘Nope, nope, we need this sooner,’” Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost immediately after launching, residents and city leaders were asking about expansion, according to Jones. MACRO launched as an 18-month pilot program in two high-needs areas, West Oakland and deep East Oakland. After three months, MACRO expanded to cover the whole city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our team had the capability and the capacity to serve the city, the entire city,” Jones said. “So we quickly expanded to that, and council was supportive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From July to October 2023, MACRO teams recorded the most responses in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"MACRO responses by location and call origin\" aria-label=\"Table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-qpImM\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/qpImM/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"315\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If our businesses are calling, then we need to make sure that they’re being served because if we lose that tax revenue, that tax base, then the entire city would suffer,” said Oakland City Councilmember Carroll Fife, whose district includes downtown, West Oakland and Chinatown. “So that’s what I’m advocating for in terms of prioritization. But, you know, we have to figure out how to do that and how to do that equitably.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The needs vary in different parts of the city, Armas said. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Further east, we don’t get calls of, you know, people kinda just existing,” she said. “We get more mental health crises, trespassing, indecent exposures, public intoxication, disorderly juveniles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thompson said sometimes people may be using MACRO responders to essentially shoo homeless people away. “It can border on the line of you want us to come and make them go away,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another email referral Armas and Thompson responded to in October was at the Golden Gate Branch of the Oakland Public Library on San Pablo Avenue. The request was a wellness check for a homeless woman who had bathed in the bathroom and then moved to the sidewalk in front of the library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrived, the woman brushed her wet hair with a comb. A few tote bags and suitcases were stacked beside her. She declined their help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She is not up to engaging,” Armas said. “But she’s OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But she’s OK,” Thompson repeated. “And it’s not illegal to be homeless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 4:30 p.m. Saturday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Oakland police officer was shot and killed early Friday morning while responding to a burglary at a cannabis business near Jack London Square, police officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city late Friday identified the officer as Tuan Le, 36, who had been with the department for nearly four years and, over the last two, had served as a community resource officer in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is with profound sorrow that we announce the passing of Officer Tuan Le, a dedicated public servant, loving husband, and a cherished member of the Oakland community,” the city said \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/in-loving-memory-of-officer-tuan-le\">in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le was part of an overnight burglary operation that responded to an initial burglary report at the business, on Embarcadero near Fifth Avenue, at around 1 a.m. Officers investigated but didn’t see anyone, said interim Police Chief Darren Allison.[aside label=\"more on Oakland police\" tag=\"oakland-police\"]Several hours later, just after 4:30 a.m., the team — of uniformed and plainclothes officers — responded to a second report at the same location, Allison said. This time, officers found multiple suspects fleeing the scene, at least one of whom opened fire, striking Le, who was wearing plain clothes and driving an unmarked car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le’s partners rushed him to Highland Hospital, but doctors were unable to resuscitate him. He was pronounced dead at 8:44 a.m., with family members and other officers by his side, Allison said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dangers and demands of this profession are real and come with significant sacrifice,” Allison said during a Friday afternoon press briefing at the police department’s headquarters. “Sadly, today one of our officers paid the ultimate sacrifice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the incident, officers did not return fire or make any arrests, and the assailants remained at large as of Friday afternoon, Allison said. But homicide detectives were following up on “a lot of actionable evidence,” he added, and urged anyone with information to contact the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of our officers and specialized units are out there on the street right now engaged in following every lead that comes in seeking these suspects,” Barry Donelan, president of the Oakland Police Officers’ Association, told KQED on Saturday. “And let me just tell you, they are going to be successful. We are going to bring these folks to justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le’s death is the city’s 125th homicide of the year, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le was born in Saigon, Vietnam and later moved to Oakland where he became a naturalized citizen on Sept. 11, 2001, the city said in its statement. He graduated from Oakland’s 183rd police academy in February 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an officer in West Oakland, Le “devoted himself to strengthening the bond between law enforcement and the residents of Oakland,” the city said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His death comes as Oakland grapples with an increase in violent crime, \u003ca href=\"https://cityofoakland2.app.box.com/s/sjiq7usfy27gy9dfe51hp8arz5l1ixad/file/1399143926072\">largely fueled by a steep rise in robberies \u003c/a>(up 37% compared to this time last year) and burglaries (up 24%). The city has also struggled for months to find a new permanent police chief to lead the department, after Mayor Sheng Thao \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11961636/report-recommends-oakland-mayor-consider-reinstating-former-police-chief-leronne-armstrong\">fired former Chief LeRonne Armstrong\u003c/a> in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thao called the killing “an assault on our city,” and pledged her administration would “work tirelessly” with law enforcement to find those responsible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am truly devastated by this news, and I know that all of Oakland feels the impact of this loss,” she said at Friday’s press briefing. “This loss cuts deep. Many of our officers are hurting right now, and they’re going to need our support. Our community is in shock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are angry. We are united in mourning,” added Oakland City Administrator Jestin Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This senseless murder underscores the courage and bravery of our officers,” he said, “and it demonstrates everyday that they arrive at work to serve and protect our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price, who at times has been a \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/05/07/pamela-price-wants-to-reshape-alameda-countys-justice-system-so-far-its-been-messy/\">vocal critic of law enforcement\u003c/a>, called Le’s death “a tremendous tragedy,” and said her office stood ready to prosecute those responsible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The deadly violence that we have experienced in Oakland in recent years has no place in Alameda County,” she said in a statement. “The murder of this young officer is inexcusable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident marks the 54th time an Oakland police officer has been killed in the line of duty, according to the police union, and the first instance since March 2009, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2009/03/22/cop-shooter-was-frustrated-with-parole-system-was-person-of-interest-in-2007-homicide/\">when four officers were gunned down\u003c/a> by a single assailant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Katherine Monahan and Brian Krans contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 4:30 p.m. Saturday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Oakland police officer was shot and killed early Friday morning while responding to a burglary at a cannabis business near Jack London Square, police officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city late Friday identified the officer as Tuan Le, 36, who had been with the department for nearly four years and, over the last two, had served as a community resource officer in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is with profound sorrow that we announce the passing of Officer Tuan Le, a dedicated public servant, loving husband, and a cherished member of the Oakland community,” the city said \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/in-loving-memory-of-officer-tuan-le\">in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le was part of an overnight burglary operation that responded to an initial burglary report at the business, on Embarcadero near Fifth Avenue, at around 1 a.m. Officers investigated but didn’t see anyone, said interim Police Chief Darren Allison.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Several hours later, just after 4:30 a.m., the team — of uniformed and plainclothes officers — responded to a second report at the same location, Allison said. This time, officers found multiple suspects fleeing the scene, at least one of whom opened fire, striking Le, who was wearing plain clothes and driving an unmarked car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le’s partners rushed him to Highland Hospital, but doctors were unable to resuscitate him. He was pronounced dead at 8:44 a.m., with family members and other officers by his side, Allison said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dangers and demands of this profession are real and come with significant sacrifice,” Allison said during a Friday afternoon press briefing at the police department’s headquarters. “Sadly, today one of our officers paid the ultimate sacrifice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the incident, officers did not return fire or make any arrests, and the assailants remained at large as of Friday afternoon, Allison said. But homicide detectives were following up on “a lot of actionable evidence,” he added, and urged anyone with information to contact the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of our officers and specialized units are out there on the street right now engaged in following every lead that comes in seeking these suspects,” Barry Donelan, president of the Oakland Police Officers’ Association, told KQED on Saturday. “And let me just tell you, they are going to be successful. We are going to bring these folks to justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le’s death is the city’s 125th homicide of the year, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le was born in Saigon, Vietnam and later moved to Oakland where he became a naturalized citizen on Sept. 11, 2001, the city said in its statement. He graduated from Oakland’s 183rd police academy in February 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an officer in West Oakland, Le “devoted himself to strengthening the bond between law enforcement and the residents of Oakland,” the city said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His death comes as Oakland grapples with an increase in violent crime, \u003ca href=\"https://cityofoakland2.app.box.com/s/sjiq7usfy27gy9dfe51hp8arz5l1ixad/file/1399143926072\">largely fueled by a steep rise in robberies \u003c/a>(up 37% compared to this time last year) and burglaries (up 24%). The city has also struggled for months to find a new permanent police chief to lead the department, after Mayor Sheng Thao \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11961636/report-recommends-oakland-mayor-consider-reinstating-former-police-chief-leronne-armstrong\">fired former Chief LeRonne Armstrong\u003c/a> in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thao called the killing “an assault on our city,” and pledged her administration would “work tirelessly” with law enforcement to find those responsible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am truly devastated by this news, and I know that all of Oakland feels the impact of this loss,” she said at Friday’s press briefing. “This loss cuts deep. Many of our officers are hurting right now, and they’re going to need our support. Our community is in shock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are angry. We are united in mourning,” added Oakland City Administrator Jestin Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This senseless murder underscores the courage and bravery of our officers,” he said, “and it demonstrates everyday that they arrive at work to serve and protect our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price, who at times has been a \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/05/07/pamela-price-wants-to-reshape-alameda-countys-justice-system-so-far-its-been-messy/\">vocal critic of law enforcement\u003c/a>, called Le’s death “a tremendous tragedy,” and said her office stood ready to prosecute those responsible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The deadly violence that we have experienced in Oakland in recent years has no place in Alameda County,” she said in a statement. “The murder of this young officer is inexcusable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident marks the 54th time an Oakland police officer has been killed in the line of duty, according to the police union, and the first instance since March 2009, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2009/03/22/cop-shooter-was-frustrated-with-parole-system-was-person-of-interest-in-2007-homicide/\">when four officers were gunned down\u003c/a> by a single assailant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Katherine Monahan and Brian Krans contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>After three years of economic growth and historic federal pandemic relief, local budgets in the Bay Area are looking a little different this year. Much of that federal aid has been spent, and cities are grappling with the economic fallout from the rise in remote work and empty storefronts. Elected officials often say that budgets are “statements of values.” So KQED is checking the receipts of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/city-budgets\">spending plans recently passed in San Francisco, San Jose and Oakland\u003c/a> to see how leaders in the region’s three largest cities are prioritizing taxpayer dollars.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her first budget season, Mayor Sheng Thao faced Oakland’s largest-ever deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Thao and the Oakland City Council pulled together enough funding to plug a $360 million shortfall, it didn’t come without sacrifices. Much like its neighbor, San Francisco, Oakland’s precarious funding position comes from a one-two punch: a loss of pandemic-related federal assistance which previously bailed out the city to the tune of $188 million, and the new reality of shrinking tax revenue post-pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco relied on one-time sources of revenue to plug large portions of its funding gaps. Oakland, however, made significant structural changes to its spending to address the shortfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $4.2 billion two-year budget approved by the Oakland City Council enshrines some of Thao’s budget-saving maneuvers, like freezing positions across Oakland government to shore up the funding deficit, including more than 100 vacancies in the Oakland Police Department, and consolidating some city departments. That includes rolling homelessness services into the Department of Housing & Community Development and merging two agencies to create a new one, the Department of Children, Youth and Families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Oakland City Council rolled back major cuts Thao proposed to non-police violence prevention services, though not to the level of previous years. This came after dozens of protesters rallied outside City Hall against those reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Funding Did Oakland Restore in Its 2023–24 Budget?\" aria-label=\"Bar Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-H1EAW\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/H1EAW/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"382\" data-external=\"1\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the acrimony over the loss of funding to the Department of Violence Prevention, the Oakland City Council ultimately added back about $2.85 million to that department and some related efforts, including $600,000 into addressing sex trafficking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That department has more than 60 grant agreements with community-based organizations, including ones that offer restorative justice programs. Those services help more than 11,500 Oaklanders annually, according to the mayor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland City Council also committed more than $5 million in FEMA grants for each fiscal year to prevent fire department service cuts, which would’ve seen some fire engine companies alternate when they’re active, essentially spreading them thin to cover a wider geographic area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Thao’s budget already contained $216 million for affordable housing, the council authorized an additional $8.8 million for funding to quickly purchase homes, when available, for the homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What about the police?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Well, it’s complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically, the Oakland Police Department saw an increase in its overall budget, with raises for officers on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s 2021–2022 budget, for instance, spent $330 million on police, rising to $353 million in 2022–2023, $358 million in 2023–2024, and $364 million in the 2024–2025 budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite the budget increase, costs are rising in the police department, including salaries. To make up for that, the department will reduce the number of police academies, which according to Thao’s proposed budget could “result in OPD falling below the number of officers needed to address the public safety needs in Oakland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s sworn police staff will shrink by 16 sworn positions to 710 in the latest budget. With various academies graduating officers, however, that number will fluctuate through June 2025. Police overtime was also cut by 15%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Under-the-Radar Projects Funded in Oakland's 2023–24 Budget\" aria-label=\"Table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-Uon0q\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Uon0q/9/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"311\" data-external=\"1\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an alternative to police, the Oakland City Council also budgeted just over $240,000 for human resources positions to help bring new hires to the city’s Mobile Assistance Community Responders of Oakland, known commonly as MACRO. That community response team is centered around non-violent response to non-emergency 911 calls.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11945984,news_11949458,news_11935131\"]Not everything in Oakland’s budget is as high stakes as violence prevention and policing. The financial plan includes some bright spots for community programs, including a beloved amusement park. The Oakland City Council opted to fund $86,400 for Children’s Fairyland, which has been operating in Lake Merritt for more than 70 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after a community ambassador program found success in Oakland’s Chinatown, offering graffiti abatement, helping lost bystanders and offering violence prevention, the program will be expanded in other Oakland business corridors with $2 million in funding through 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other investments in Oakland life include $200,000 for programming in Frank Ogawa Plaza, $400,000 for a facade improvement program, and overtime funding for Triangle Incident Response in East Oakland, which offers crisis intervention expertise for shootings with serious injuries, homicides or gender-based violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>After three years of economic growth and historic federal pandemic relief, local budgets in the Bay Area are looking a little different this year. Much of that federal aid has been spent, and cities are grappling with the economic fallout from the rise in remote work and empty storefronts. Elected officials often say that budgets are “statements of values.” So KQED is checking the receipts of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/city-budgets\">spending plans recently passed in San Francisco, San Jose and Oakland\u003c/a> to see how leaders in the region’s three largest cities are prioritizing taxpayer dollars.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her first budget season, Mayor Sheng Thao faced Oakland’s largest-ever deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Thao and the Oakland City Council pulled together enough funding to plug a $360 million shortfall, it didn’t come without sacrifices. Much like its neighbor, San Francisco, Oakland’s precarious funding position comes from a one-two punch: a loss of pandemic-related federal assistance which previously bailed out the city to the tune of $188 million, and the new reality of shrinking tax revenue post-pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco relied on one-time sources of revenue to plug large portions of its funding gaps. Oakland, however, made significant structural changes to its spending to address the shortfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $4.2 billion two-year budget approved by the Oakland City Council enshrines some of Thao’s budget-saving maneuvers, like freezing positions across Oakland government to shore up the funding deficit, including more than 100 vacancies in the Oakland Police Department, and consolidating some city departments. That includes rolling homelessness services into the Department of Housing & Community Development and merging two agencies to create a new one, the Department of Children, Youth and Families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Oakland City Council rolled back major cuts Thao proposed to non-police violence prevention services, though not to the level of previous years. This came after dozens of protesters rallied outside City Hall against those reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Funding Did Oakland Restore in Its 2023–24 Budget?\" aria-label=\"Bar Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-H1EAW\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/H1EAW/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"382\" data-external=\"1\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the acrimony over the loss of funding to the Department of Violence Prevention, the Oakland City Council ultimately added back about $2.85 million to that department and some related efforts, including $600,000 into addressing sex trafficking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That department has more than 60 grant agreements with community-based organizations, including ones that offer restorative justice programs. Those services help more than 11,500 Oaklanders annually, according to the mayor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland City Council also committed more than $5 million in FEMA grants for each fiscal year to prevent fire department service cuts, which would’ve seen some fire engine companies alternate when they’re active, essentially spreading them thin to cover a wider geographic area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Thao’s budget already contained $216 million for affordable housing, the council authorized an additional $8.8 million for funding to quickly purchase homes, when available, for the homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What about the police?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Well, it’s complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically, the Oakland Police Department saw an increase in its overall budget, with raises for officers on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s 2021–2022 budget, for instance, spent $330 million on police, rising to $353 million in 2022–2023, $358 million in 2023–2024, and $364 million in the 2024–2025 budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite the budget increase, costs are rising in the police department, including salaries. To make up for that, the department will reduce the number of police academies, which according to Thao’s proposed budget could “result in OPD falling below the number of officers needed to address the public safety needs in Oakland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s sworn police staff will shrink by 16 sworn positions to 710 in the latest budget. With various academies graduating officers, however, that number will fluctuate through June 2025. Police overtime was also cut by 15%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Under-the-Radar Projects Funded in Oakland's 2023–24 Budget\" aria-label=\"Table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-Uon0q\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Uon0q/9/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"311\" data-external=\"1\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an alternative to police, the Oakland City Council also budgeted just over $240,000 for human resources positions to help bring new hires to the city’s Mobile Assistance Community Responders of Oakland, known commonly as MACRO. That community response team is centered around non-violent response to non-emergency 911 calls.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Oakland Police Chief LeRonne Armstrong was placed on administrative leave last month, after an external investigation into the handling of two police misconduct cases found he failed to hold officers accountable. This latest chapter comes two decades into the department’s reform efforts under the oversight of a federal judge. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Recent headlines have focused mostly on Armstrong’s suspension and his efforts to get reinstated. But as journalist and author Ali Winston puts it, this latest scandal is really a symptom of much deeper issues within OPD. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://Transcript-TheBay-Oaklands-Police-Chief-and-the-Long-Road-to-Police-Reform\">\u003cem>Read the episode transcript\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC8077291599&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ali Winston, independent journalist and co-author of the book \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Riders Come Out At Night\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf on Thursday called on the “obstructionists in Congress” to take action to stop the flow of guns into Oakland after a school shooting wounded six people Wednesday. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I want to acknowledge that Oakland, California, has long struggled with gun violence and has made incredible progress,” Schaaf said in a press conference Thursday. “And yet we will never be able to address this alone, or in isolation, without federal leadership.”[aside postID=news_11927080 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/GettyImages-1428570615-1020x680.jpg']\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The shooting is the latest in a series of devastating violent incidents in Oakland, with nine people killed in as many days and more injured. Four of those deaths occurred in a 24-hour period between Sept. 19 and 20. The spate of homicides has prompted city leadership to announce a ramping up of police presence in Oakland, and to renew calls for federal gun-control reform. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wednesday also marks the second school shooting in Oakland in as many months. In the previous incident at Madison Park Academy, one middle school student reportedly accidentally shot another. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Oakland Police Chief LeRonne Armstrong said officers suspect the shooting on Wednesday specifically targeted at least one person — and possibly multiple people — at the school. He said footage at the King Estates campus, which contains three schools, showed at least two shooters and an accomplice, but there could have been more.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We do believe that this incident is group- and gang-related,” Armstrong said. “We believe that this is related to ongoing conflicts in our city that has driven violence.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Armstrong said that in the footage, two shooters can be seen entering Rudsdale High School and that, soon after, they appear to identify a target and begin shooting. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the end, six adults, including two students, were wounded but survived, although two remain in critical condition. Officers determined that over 30 rounds were fired on the campus.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"LeRonne Armstrong, Oakland police chief\"]‘Group and gang violence continues to be the predominant driver of violence in the city of Oakland. Of our 450 shootings this year, 137 have been attributed to group and gang violence.’[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chief Armstrong said footage of the shooting is still being reviewed, but will be released to the public eventually. No arrests have yet been made. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guillermo Cespedes, chief of Oakland’s Department of Violence Prevention, said the department has been working hard to interrupt the cycles of violence occurring in Oakland. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After any shooting, violence-prevention staff are dispatched to speak with victims and family members. The staff try to address the needs of victims and direct them to services as well as assess for the possibility of retaliation. By speaking with those affected and “ensuring cooler heads prevail,” Cespedes says, they can break that cycle. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Of the shootings that occurred earlier this month, Cespedes says several could have a high potential for retaliation, and the department has even temporarily relocated some families to prevent more attacks. He declined to share which specific cases he was referring to. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I can tell you without a doubt that some of the work that’s taken place in the last month has kept the nine homicides from becoming 18 or 21 or more,” Cespedes said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cespedes added that he agreed with Mayor Schaaf that federal movement on gun control was needed to curb the killings in Oakland. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After the most recent homicide on Tuesday, Armstrong announced in a press conference that he would be reorganizing and redeploying officers to “provide a greater presence in areas where we’ve seen violence continue to spike.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That shooting death marked the 96th homicide in the city this year, compared to 102 by the same time last year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Group and gang violence continues to be the predominant driver of violence in the city of Oakland,” Armstrong said. “Of our 450 shootings this year, 137 have been attributed to group and gang violence.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At an Oakland Unified School District board meeting Wednesday night, the board addressed the school shooting, and members of the public spoke about the impact that gun violence has had on school communities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Our young people have been expressing that they aren’t feeling safe, and besides, school safety should be the board’s priority,” said Linh Li, a student on the school board. “Our schools, our school sites, should not be easy to enter. No one should be able to enter our school with a gun.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">This story includes reporting from KQED’s Julia McEvoy.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf on Thursday called on the “obstructionists in Congress” to take action to stop the flow of guns into Oakland after a school shooting wounded six people Wednesday. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I want to acknowledge that Oakland, California, has long struggled with gun violence and has made incredible progress,” Schaaf said in a press conference Thursday. “And yet we will never be able to address this alone, or in isolation, without federal leadership.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The shooting is the latest in a series of devastating violent incidents in Oakland, with nine people killed in as many days and more injured. Four of those deaths occurred in a 24-hour period between Sept. 19 and 20. The spate of homicides has prompted city leadership to announce a ramping up of police presence in Oakland, and to renew calls for federal gun-control reform. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wednesday also marks the second school shooting in Oakland in as many months. In the previous incident at Madison Park Academy, one middle school student reportedly accidentally shot another. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Oakland Police Chief LeRonne Armstrong said officers suspect the shooting on Wednesday specifically targeted at least one person — and possibly multiple people — at the school. He said footage at the King Estates campus, which contains three schools, showed at least two shooters and an accomplice, but there could have been more.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We do believe that this incident is group- and gang-related,” Armstrong said. “We believe that this is related to ongoing conflicts in our city that has driven violence.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Armstrong said that in the footage, two shooters can be seen entering Rudsdale High School and that, soon after, they appear to identify a target and begin shooting. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the end, six adults, including two students, were wounded but survived, although two remain in critical condition. Officers determined that over 30 rounds were fired on the campus.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chief Armstrong said footage of the shooting is still being reviewed, but will be released to the public eventually. No arrests have yet been made. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guillermo Cespedes, chief of Oakland’s Department of Violence Prevention, said the department has been working hard to interrupt the cycles of violence occurring in Oakland. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After any shooting, violence-prevention staff are dispatched to speak with victims and family members. The staff try to address the needs of victims and direct them to services as well as assess for the possibility of retaliation. By speaking with those affected and “ensuring cooler heads prevail,” Cespedes says, they can break that cycle. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Of the shootings that occurred earlier this month, Cespedes says several could have a high potential for retaliation, and the department has even temporarily relocated some families to prevent more attacks. He declined to share which specific cases he was referring to. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I can tell you without a doubt that some of the work that’s taken place in the last month has kept the nine homicides from becoming 18 or 21 or more,” Cespedes said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cespedes added that he agreed with Mayor Schaaf that federal movement on gun control was needed to curb the killings in Oakland. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After the most recent homicide on Tuesday, Armstrong announced in a press conference that he would be reorganizing and redeploying officers to “provide a greater presence in areas where we’ve seen violence continue to spike.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That shooting death marked the 96th homicide in the city this year, compared to 102 by the same time last year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Group and gang violence continues to be the predominant driver of violence in the city of Oakland,” Armstrong said. “Of our 450 shootings this year, 137 have been attributed to group and gang violence.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At an Oakland Unified School District board meeting Wednesday night, the board addressed the school shooting, and members of the public spoke about the impact that gun violence has had on school communities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Our young people have been expressing that they aren’t feeling safe, and besides, school safety should be the board’s priority,” said Linh Li, a student on the school board. “Our schools, our school sites, should not be easy to enter. No one should be able to enter our school with a gun.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">This story includes reporting from KQED’s Julia McEvoy.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Alameda County has agreed to ban rubber bullets, beanbags and less-lethal munitions for crowd control as part of a settlement after sheriff’s deputies fired rubber bullets and injured two people protesting police brutality in 2020, the plaintiffs' lawyer said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland police officers and Alameda County sheriff’s deputies used tear gas to disperse demonstrators in Oakland during a June 1, 2020, protest, and deputies indiscriminately fired rubber bullets at the crowd, shooting Tosh Sears in the hip and Kierra Brown in the calf, according to a federal lawsuit against Alameda County and the city of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11832502,news_11910447,news_11821950\"]Sears and Brown, along with thousands of others, took to the streets to protest police brutality and racial injustice after a white Minneapolis officer killed George Floyd, a Black man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2003, the city of Oakland has had a policy banning the use of rubber bullets and beanbags for crowd control unless there was an “immediate danger of death or great bodily injury.\" But the police department allowed Alameda County sheriff's deputies, who were assisting city officers during the protests, to fire impact munitions into crowds that were largely peaceful, attorney Rachel Laderman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Alameda County sheriff was really the main actor in terms of using impact munitions in an indiscriminate manner, shooting willy-nilly into the crowd,” Laderman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement restricts the sheriff’s department's use of impact munitions and flash-bang grenades to situations where it’s necessary to defend against the threat to life or serious bodily injury or to bring a dangerous and unlawful situation under control, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also bans the use of shotgun-fired munitions by both the Oakland Police Department and the Alameda County Sheriff's Office, and all restrictions apply not only to political demonstrations but any type of crowd event in the county, Laderman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the city of Oakland and Alameda County did not immediately respond to emails seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of tear gas, pepper balls, lead-filled beanbags, flash-bangs, smoke bombs and other less-lethal weapons became a flashpoint in the debate over policing in 2020 after dozens of incidents throughout the country of protesters being struck by projectiles or caught up in clouds of tear gas unleashed on mostly peaceful crowds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, the Police Executive Research Forum, an organization dedicated to improving the professionalism of policing, said in a report the federal government should create guidelines on the use of less-lethal weapons by law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit filed against Oakland and Alameda County, Sears and Brown said officers and deputies began tear-gassing the demonstrators without warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing will erase the emotional pain and terror I felt on June 1, 2020,” Sears said in a statement released by Laderman. “I grew up with family members who were police officers, including my grandfather ... but I just don’t feel safe around police as a Black man. I’m hoping this settlement is a small part of achieving some real change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sears and Brown will share $250,000 as part of the settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Adhiti Bandlamudi contributed reporting. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement restricts the sheriff’s department's use of impact munitions and flash-bang grenades to situations where it’s necessary to defend against the threat to life or serious bodily injury or to bring a dangerous and unlawful situation under control, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also bans the use of shotgun-fired munitions by both the Oakland Police Department and the Alameda County Sheriff's Office, and all restrictions apply not only to political demonstrations but any type of crowd event in the county, Laderman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the city of Oakland and Alameda County did not immediately respond to emails seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of tear gas, pepper balls, lead-filled beanbags, flash-bangs, smoke bombs and other less-lethal weapons became a flashpoint in the debate over policing in 2020 after dozens of incidents throughout the country of protesters being struck by projectiles or caught up in clouds of tear gas unleashed on mostly peaceful crowds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, the Police Executive Research Forum, an organization dedicated to improving the professionalism of policing, said in a report the federal government should create guidelines on the use of less-lethal weapons by law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit filed against Oakland and Alameda County, Sears and Brown said officers and deputies began tear-gassing the demonstrators without warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing will erase the emotional pain and terror I felt on June 1, 2020,” Sears said in a statement released by Laderman. “I grew up with family members who were police officers, including my grandfather ... but I just don’t feel safe around police as a Black man. I’m hoping this settlement is a small part of achieving some real change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sears and Brown will share $250,000 as part of the settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Adhiti Bandlamudi contributed reporting. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The man was screaming, but the beating didn’t stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was June 27, 2000, and the Oakland Police Department’s vaunted gang task force was at work in West Oakland. The officers worked one of the most dangerous beats in one of the most violent parts of the city. They called themselves the Riders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One member of the task force beat Delphine Allen on the soles of his feet with batons, according to trial testimony. Police pepper-sprayed him and drove him under a freeway overpass, where the beating continued, a rookie officer who witnessed the beating would later testify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen called out for his mother, who lived nearby. “I thought they were going to kill me,” he said in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rookie police officer who witnessed the assault on Allen filed a complaint in July 2000. The resulting scandal upended the department and touched off a massive overhaul in how the department judges its own officers’ conduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Oakland has arguably become the state’s most watched police department, under the guise of both a federal monitor and strong civilian oversight. In this city of 435,000, civilians have the power to overrule the police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"opd\"]“The direction that Oakland is taking is the inevitable path for a modern-day progressive police department,” said Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf. “And so I believe that we’re on the front lines, we’re the vanguard of police reform.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide data helps tell that story. The Oakland Police Department \"sustains\" complaints against its officers at a rate higher than that of any other major law enforcement entity, except the state Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, according to a CalMatters analysis of California Department of Justice data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complaints originate with citizens, or from the department’s internal affairs unit. \u003ca href=\"https://infogram.com/sustained-complaints-ratio-1hdw2jpkmelkj2l\">A sustained complaint\u003c/a> indicates the department believed the person who complained, and could discipline those officers involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, law enforcement agencies marked as sustained 7.6% of complaints against their officers from 2016 to 2020. In those years, the Oakland Police Department \"sustained\" complaints at an average rate of 11.3%, the data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018 and 2020, the department sustained more than 15.2% of complaints, double the state average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re doing a much more thorough evaluation,” said Oakland Police Chief LeRonne Armstrong. “I also think when you have a community with very low trust in law enforcement, it means that law enforcement has to make sure that they have legitimate and professional processes so we can build trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/9d7a218a-38b0-4d06-b912-8e91e348d2c0?src=embed\" title=\"Oakland Police sustained complaints\" width=\"800\" height=\"837\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's DOJ has collected the number of complaints and those sustained since 2016, the result of a bill that ordered agencies to establish a procedure to investigate complaints by the public against officers and publish the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland police complaint process is now handled by both its internal affairs division and a civilian panel that oversees the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And among the rank and file, there has been fallout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, officers are leaving the department in higher numbers, from an average of about four per month late last year to 10 or 15 a month since then, according to Armstrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t seen these type of numbers since I’ve been at the department, and that’s been over two decades,” he said. “When you work in a big city that’s under the microscope like Oakland, I’m sure that can be challenging to some officers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been pushing the same message to officers, that you can’t escape the calls for reform,” he added. “No matter where you go, you’re going to see more community involvement, the community paying more attention to the actions of officers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The website \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2022/03/09/police-officers-leaving-oakland-attrition-diversity/\">Oaklandside reported that\u003c/a>, in a sample of 30 exit interviews with Oakland police officers, half were leaving because of dissatisfaction with leadership at the police department or city, and seven cited “heavy discipline.” Others cited family reasons, low morale and better jobs, among other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been doing some exit interviews with officers that are choosing to go to other departments, and what I tell them is the Oakland way is going to be the American way any minute now,” Schaaf told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-the-oakland-riders-legacy\">The Oakland Riders' legacy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before the Oakland rookie police officer blew the whistle on the Riders, he was told that beating, kidnapping and planting drugs on people was simply how police work was done, he later testified in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/OAKLAND-Riders-lied-brutalized-man-2629441.php\">trial in 2004\u003c/a>, the former rookie, Keith Batts, testified that he didn’t immediately report what he saw. He was new to the department and feared repercussions for reporting excessive use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three members of the Riders would eventually be fired, but juries would later acquit them of some criminal charges and deadlock on many others. A fourth member, Riders leader Frank Vazquez, fled the city in November 2000, and prosecutors have said they \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2012/12/12/oakland-where-the-riders-are-today/\">believe he’s in hiding in Mexico\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 people sued the police department in federal court. The cases were combined into a negotiated settlement agreement, in which the police department consented to reforms and accepted a federal monitoring team. The team would oversee dozens of proposed reforms at the department, especially concerning its use-of-force policy and the process by which complaints are treated.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf\"]'The direction that Oakland is taking is the inevitable path for a modern-day progressive police department. And so I believe that we're on the front lines, we're the vanguard of police reform.'[/pullquote]The original monitoring team and its successor, appointed in 2010, have both praised and condemned the Oakland police for their conduct since 2003. But in the ensuing two decades, one fundamental change has made the biggest difference: Oakland residents have garnered a lot more power over their police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, in \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/resources/learn-more-about-measure-ll\">a 2016 ballot measure\u003c/a>, the city’s voters put the whole department under civilian oversight. Then, in 2020, the civilian police commission fired the city’s police chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, the city hired its first inspector general for the police department, a civilian position overseen by the civilian board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocky Lucia, an attorney for the Oakland Police Officers’ Association and several other Bay Area police department unions, said the level of oversight in Oakland exceeds what he’s seen anywhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They pay a lot more attention to police conduct in Oakland,” Lucia said. “There’s more eyes on people. There’s policies, software programs, there’s resources committed. It’s more than I’ve ever seen anywhere else in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucia wonders if Oakland should be spending the amount of money it does on oversight, given \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2021/opd-addresses-a-challenging-year-in-crime-with-year-end-data\">rising crime rates\u003c/a> that began during the pandemic and the city’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2020/city-of-oakland-faces-possible-62m-shortfall#:~:text=The%20report%20shows%20that%20the,indicates%20this%20shortfall%20is%20widening.\">always-muddy financial situation\u003c/a>, only 18 months removed from a $62 million budget shortfall. But he also acknowledges that the department is identifying potentially problematic officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re catching these things early,” Lucia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-a-tale-of-two-scandals\">A tale of two scandals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Two years before the beating of Delphine Allen, a different and more infamous gang task force controversy erupted 350 miles south: the Los Angeles Police Department’s Rampart scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums — or CRASH — unit was to Los Angeles what the Riders were to Oakland: an elite group of cops on a special detail that made big busts in the LAPD’s Rampart Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CRASH unit officers also were accused of robbing a bank, stealing cocaine from the evidence room and replacing it with Bisquick, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/lapd/scandal/cron.html\">beating a suspect until he vomited blood\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, in 1998 the LAPD instituted a new policy: Any complaints against an officer would trigger an investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complaints against officers piled up, major crimes arrests dropped, and officers started to complain that the system treated them unfairly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Complaints against officers soared,” wrote University of Chicago economics professor Canice Prendergast in \u003ca href=\"https://bfi.uchicago.edu/insight/research-summary/drive-and-wave-the-response-to-lapd-police-reforms-after-rampart/\">a 2021 paper analyzing the scandal’s fallout\u003c/a>. “These were sustained at high rates, resulting in suspensions, resignations and terminations at levels far higher than before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any complaint tied up officers’ promotions and transfers. Prendergast found that the level of sustained complaints was even more damaging to police morale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, the officers radically reduced their engagement with the public, according to Prendergast’s paper, “Drive and Wave,” which is named after the practice of nonengagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arrests plummeted. The LAPD accepted a federal monitor from the U.S. Department of Justice in 2000 and nearly 90% of LAPD officers interviewed by the monitor in 2001 said a fear of discipline stopped them from “proactively” doing their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the LAPD was handed a big win by, of all things, the federal monitor itself, which encouraged the department to clear up its backlog of complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prendergast found the police department’s solution in long-buried LAPD archives, a decision that was put out among the department’s employees but never publicized: The LAPD gave its commanding officers the power to dismiss complaints against their subordinates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That meant complaints could be dismissed moments after they were filed by an officer’s superior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, sustained complaints fell dramatically, beginning in 2003, and penalties for sustained complaints were much more rare, Prendergast found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 2016 to 2020, the last year for which statistics are available, the LAPD sustained complaints at a rate of 5.2%, below the statewide average for that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Disciplinary measures across the board became less likely,” Prendergast wrote, “even when an investigation ruled against the officer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-some-officers-just-tired\">Some officers 'just tired'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under California law, there are four outcomes for \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-crime-numbers/\">a complaint against a police officer\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Complaints can be sustained, meaning the investigation proved the allegation to be true by a preponderance of evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— An officer can be exonerated, meaning the officer did what was described, but that action didn’t violate department law or policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Complaints can be ruled “unsustained,” meaning the investigation failed to clearly prove or disprove the allegation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Complaints can be determined “unfounded,” meaning the investigation clearly showed the allegation was untrue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For much of the Oakland Police Department’s time under a federal monitor, most complaints were relegated to the “unfounded” bin, said John Burris, one of two lead plaintiff attorneys in the settlement agreement between the police department and the city following the Riders scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with increased civilian oversight since 2016, he said far fewer complaints were dismissed as unfounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burris said cases dismissed as “unfounded” were the ones that bothered him the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Complainants are] not lying. I may not be able to prove it, but something happened,” Burris said, and noted that unfounded complaints also disappear from officers’ personnel files.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, when a complaint is filed, the Oakland police and the Civilian Police Review Agency launch parallel investigations. Each draws its own conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there’s a difference of opinion, the question goes to another set of civilian monitors — the civilian Police Commission — which holds final authority on questions of officer misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tyfahra Milele, chair of the commission, said she can empathize with officers who feel they are over-policed by their civilian overseers. She said that officers tell her they’re more afraid to engage residents because they’re worried about a complaint, which can tie up their promotions and damage their careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the recent police-related killings of Ahmaud Arbery in Atlanta, Breonna Taylor in Louisville, Kentucky, and George Floyd in Minneapolis, “there’s much more of a vigilance around police and accountability,” Milele said. “Some officers are like, ‘OK, I’m gonna go to work and ride this wave. Some [officers say], this isn’t the role for me, all these other factors are making it difficult.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then “we have some officers that are just tired,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite what Burris, the attorney, described as widespread opposition among the department’s rank and file to civilian oversight, it has resulted in a higher level of scrutiny of officer behavior, according to lawyers on both sides of the city’s 2003 negotiated settlement agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys representing Allen, who originally brought the lawsuit in Oakland, expect the settlement agreement with the police department to end in 2023 or 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hearing before a U.S. District Court in San Francisco to determine the department’s progress is set for April 27.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s taken a long time, but we’re finally getting traction,” said Burris. “Our hope is we’ll fundamentally ingrain things in the culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, “It’s my worst nightmare about the case, that it’s all for naught. That it goes back to the way it was.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The man was screaming, but the beating didn’t stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was June 27, 2000, and the Oakland Police Department’s vaunted gang task force was at work in West Oakland. The officers worked one of the most dangerous beats in one of the most violent parts of the city. They called themselves the Riders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One member of the task force beat Delphine Allen on the soles of his feet with batons, according to trial testimony. Police pepper-sprayed him and drove him under a freeway overpass, where the beating continued, a rookie officer who witnessed the beating would later testify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen called out for his mother, who lived nearby. “I thought they were going to kill me,” he said in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rookie police officer who witnessed the assault on Allen filed a complaint in July 2000. The resulting scandal upended the department and touched off a massive overhaul in how the department judges its own officers’ conduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Oakland has arguably become the state’s most watched police department, under the guise of both a federal monitor and strong civilian oversight. In this city of 435,000, civilians have the power to overrule the police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The direction that Oakland is taking is the inevitable path for a modern-day progressive police department,” said Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf. “And so I believe that we’re on the front lines, we’re the vanguard of police reform.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide data helps tell that story. The Oakland Police Department \"sustains\" complaints against its officers at a rate higher than that of any other major law enforcement entity, except the state Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, according to a CalMatters analysis of California Department of Justice data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complaints originate with citizens, or from the department’s internal affairs unit. \u003ca href=\"https://infogram.com/sustained-complaints-ratio-1hdw2jpkmelkj2l\">A sustained complaint\u003c/a> indicates the department believed the person who complained, and could discipline those officers involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, law enforcement agencies marked as sustained 7.6% of complaints against their officers from 2016 to 2020. In those years, the Oakland Police Department \"sustained\" complaints at an average rate of 11.3%, the data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018 and 2020, the department sustained more than 15.2% of complaints, double the state average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re doing a much more thorough evaluation,” said Oakland Police Chief LeRonne Armstrong. “I also think when you have a community with very low trust in law enforcement, it means that law enforcement has to make sure that they have legitimate and professional processes so we can build trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/9d7a218a-38b0-4d06-b912-8e91e348d2c0?src=embed\" title=\"Oakland Police sustained complaints\" width=\"800\" height=\"837\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's DOJ has collected the number of complaints and those sustained since 2016, the result of a bill that ordered agencies to establish a procedure to investigate complaints by the public against officers and publish the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland police complaint process is now handled by both its internal affairs division and a civilian panel that oversees the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And among the rank and file, there has been fallout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, officers are leaving the department in higher numbers, from an average of about four per month late last year to 10 or 15 a month since then, according to Armstrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t seen these type of numbers since I’ve been at the department, and that’s been over two decades,” he said. “When you work in a big city that’s under the microscope like Oakland, I’m sure that can be challenging to some officers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been pushing the same message to officers, that you can’t escape the calls for reform,” he added. “No matter where you go, you’re going to see more community involvement, the community paying more attention to the actions of officers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The website \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2022/03/09/police-officers-leaving-oakland-attrition-diversity/\">Oaklandside reported that\u003c/a>, in a sample of 30 exit interviews with Oakland police officers, half were leaving because of dissatisfaction with leadership at the police department or city, and seven cited “heavy discipline.” Others cited family reasons, low morale and better jobs, among other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been doing some exit interviews with officers that are choosing to go to other departments, and what I tell them is the Oakland way is going to be the American way any minute now,” Schaaf told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-the-oakland-riders-legacy\">The Oakland Riders' legacy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before the Oakland rookie police officer blew the whistle on the Riders, he was told that beating, kidnapping and planting drugs on people was simply how police work was done, he later testified in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/OAKLAND-Riders-lied-brutalized-man-2629441.php\">trial in 2004\u003c/a>, the former rookie, Keith Batts, testified that he didn’t immediately report what he saw. He was new to the department and feared repercussions for reporting excessive use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three members of the Riders would eventually be fired, but juries would later acquit them of some criminal charges and deadlock on many others. A fourth member, Riders leader Frank Vazquez, fled the city in November 2000, and prosecutors have said they \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2012/12/12/oakland-where-the-riders-are-today/\">believe he’s in hiding in Mexico\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 people sued the police department in federal court. The cases were combined into a negotiated settlement agreement, in which the police department consented to reforms and accepted a federal monitoring team. The team would oversee dozens of proposed reforms at the department, especially concerning its use-of-force policy and the process by which complaints are treated.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The original monitoring team and its successor, appointed in 2010, have both praised and condemned the Oakland police for their conduct since 2003. But in the ensuing two decades, one fundamental change has made the biggest difference: Oakland residents have garnered a lot more power over their police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, in \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/resources/learn-more-about-measure-ll\">a 2016 ballot measure\u003c/a>, the city’s voters put the whole department under civilian oversight. Then, in 2020, the civilian police commission fired the city’s police chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, the city hired its first inspector general for the police department, a civilian position overseen by the civilian board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocky Lucia, an attorney for the Oakland Police Officers’ Association and several other Bay Area police department unions, said the level of oversight in Oakland exceeds what he’s seen anywhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They pay a lot more attention to police conduct in Oakland,” Lucia said. “There’s more eyes on people. There’s policies, software programs, there’s resources committed. It’s more than I’ve ever seen anywhere else in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucia wonders if Oakland should be spending the amount of money it does on oversight, given \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2021/opd-addresses-a-challenging-year-in-crime-with-year-end-data\">rising crime rates\u003c/a> that began during the pandemic and the city’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2020/city-of-oakland-faces-possible-62m-shortfall#:~:text=The%20report%20shows%20that%20the,indicates%20this%20shortfall%20is%20widening.\">always-muddy financial situation\u003c/a>, only 18 months removed from a $62 million budget shortfall. But he also acknowledges that the department is identifying potentially problematic officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re catching these things early,” Lucia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-a-tale-of-two-scandals\">A tale of two scandals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Two years before the beating of Delphine Allen, a different and more infamous gang task force controversy erupted 350 miles south: the Los Angeles Police Department’s Rampart scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums — or CRASH — unit was to Los Angeles what the Riders were to Oakland: an elite group of cops on a special detail that made big busts in the LAPD’s Rampart Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CRASH unit officers also were accused of robbing a bank, stealing cocaine from the evidence room and replacing it with Bisquick, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/lapd/scandal/cron.html\">beating a suspect until he vomited blood\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, in 1998 the LAPD instituted a new policy: Any complaints against an officer would trigger an investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complaints against officers piled up, major crimes arrests dropped, and officers started to complain that the system treated them unfairly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Complaints against officers soared,” wrote University of Chicago economics professor Canice Prendergast in \u003ca href=\"https://bfi.uchicago.edu/insight/research-summary/drive-and-wave-the-response-to-lapd-police-reforms-after-rampart/\">a 2021 paper analyzing the scandal’s fallout\u003c/a>. “These were sustained at high rates, resulting in suspensions, resignations and terminations at levels far higher than before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any complaint tied up officers’ promotions and transfers. Prendergast found that the level of sustained complaints was even more damaging to police morale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, the officers radically reduced their engagement with the public, according to Prendergast’s paper, “Drive and Wave,” which is named after the practice of nonengagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arrests plummeted. The LAPD accepted a federal monitor from the U.S. Department of Justice in 2000 and nearly 90% of LAPD officers interviewed by the monitor in 2001 said a fear of discipline stopped them from “proactively” doing their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the LAPD was handed a big win by, of all things, the federal monitor itself, which encouraged the department to clear up its backlog of complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prendergast found the police department’s solution in long-buried LAPD archives, a decision that was put out among the department’s employees but never publicized: The LAPD gave its commanding officers the power to dismiss complaints against their subordinates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That meant complaints could be dismissed moments after they were filed by an officer’s superior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, sustained complaints fell dramatically, beginning in 2003, and penalties for sustained complaints were much more rare, Prendergast found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 2016 to 2020, the last year for which statistics are available, the LAPD sustained complaints at a rate of 5.2%, below the statewide average for that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Disciplinary measures across the board became less likely,” Prendergast wrote, “even when an investigation ruled against the officer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-some-officers-just-tired\">Some officers 'just tired'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under California law, there are four outcomes for \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-crime-numbers/\">a complaint against a police officer\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Complaints can be sustained, meaning the investigation proved the allegation to be true by a preponderance of evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— An officer can be exonerated, meaning the officer did what was described, but that action didn’t violate department law or policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Complaints can be ruled “unsustained,” meaning the investigation failed to clearly prove or disprove the allegation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Complaints can be determined “unfounded,” meaning the investigation clearly showed the allegation was untrue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For much of the Oakland Police Department’s time under a federal monitor, most complaints were relegated to the “unfounded” bin, said John Burris, one of two lead plaintiff attorneys in the settlement agreement between the police department and the city following the Riders scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with increased civilian oversight since 2016, he said far fewer complaints were dismissed as unfounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burris said cases dismissed as “unfounded” were the ones that bothered him the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Complainants are] not lying. I may not be able to prove it, but something happened,” Burris said, and noted that unfounded complaints also disappear from officers’ personnel files.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, when a complaint is filed, the Oakland police and the Civilian Police Review Agency launch parallel investigations. Each draws its own conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there’s a difference of opinion, the question goes to another set of civilian monitors — the civilian Police Commission — which holds final authority on questions of officer misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tyfahra Milele, chair of the commission, said she can empathize with officers who feel they are over-policed by their civilian overseers. She said that officers tell her they’re more afraid to engage residents because they’re worried about a complaint, which can tie up their promotions and damage their careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the recent police-related killings of Ahmaud Arbery in Atlanta, Breonna Taylor in Louisville, Kentucky, and George Floyd in Minneapolis, “there’s much more of a vigilance around police and accountability,” Milele said. “Some officers are like, ‘OK, I’m gonna go to work and ride this wave. Some [officers say], this isn’t the role for me, all these other factors are making it difficult.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then “we have some officers that are just tired,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite what Burris, the attorney, described as widespread opposition among the department’s rank and file to civilian oversight, it has resulted in a higher level of scrutiny of officer behavior, according to lawyers on both sides of the city’s 2003 negotiated settlement agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys representing Allen, who originally brought the lawsuit in Oakland, expect the settlement agreement with the police department to end in 2023 or 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hearing before a U.S. District Court in San Francisco to determine the department’s progress is set for April 27.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s taken a long time, but we’re finally getting traction,” said Burris. “Our hope is we’ll fundamentally ingrain things in the culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, “It’s my worst nightmare about the case, that it’s all for naught. That it goes back to the way it was.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Oakland Mayor Schaaf Asks Governor for License Plate Readers and Surveillance Cameras to Curb Spike in Violent Crime",
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"content": "\u003cp>License plate readers and vehicle recognition cameras may soon be installed at on- and off-ramps and on state highways in and around Oakland, after Mayor Libby Schaaf sent a letter to Gov. Gavin Newsom on Tuesday requesting the devices as a way to stem her city’s spike in violent crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaaf’s ask came after Oakland on Monday \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/12/13/oakland-reaches-grim-milestone-as-city-ties-2012-homicide-mark/\">reported its 131st homicide of the year\u003c/a>, the greatest number in a decade. Armed robberies also are up 46% this year, and carjacking robberies are up 77%, Schaaf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The primary mode of transportation for those committing the violent crimes are vehicles that are often stolen or have switched license plates, many of whom travel into and throughout the Oakland [sic] on the highways and main thoroughfares,” Schaaf wrote in the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The need for a system that can capture vehicle descriptions and alert law enforcement to vehicles associated with violent crime, in real time, has never been more apparent,” she added. “Such technology can multiply law enforcement efforts in a focused, intelligence-based manner, while still balancing the important privacy interests of the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/daviddebolt/status/1470874638099959809\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Police Chief LeRonne Armstrong said he made a similar request to the city several weeks ago, and was encouraged to see the mayor acting on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am in full support of the mayor’s request and look forward to new technology that will help make the city of Oakland safer,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the prospect of more cameras tracing the movement of drivers in the city is sparking serious concerns among some privacy advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People in Oakland are worried when their government wants to track what time they are getting on and off the highway,” said Adam Schwartz, senior staff attorney with the Electronic Frontier Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of surveillance approach invades residents’ privacy, “discourages people from going to protests and can lead to mistaken identity and police aiming guns at them,” he said.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"oakland-crime\"]Schwartz also said surveillance cameras are more often used in lower-income, largely Black and Latino communities than in more affluent, predominantly white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think license plate readers are not worth these downsides,” Schwartz said. Rather, he added, money should be spent on improving the trust between the police and the community instead of “ever more frightening surveillance technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, Schaaf, citing the city’s seemingly intractable jump in violent crime, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/us-news-crime-police-race-and-ethnicity-homicide-9ceaa74e9ac9d310d6f889cfaf414f59#:~:text=SAN%20FRANCISCO%20(AP)%20%E2%80%94%20The,in%20homicides%20and%20gun%20violence.\">asked the city council to approve funding to create two new police academies and add 60 officers to the force\u003c/a>, a proposal the council nearly unanimously approved. Critics of the move accused the mayor and councilmembers of reversing course and betraying pledges they had made in the wake of George Floyd’s murder last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11879404/oakland-just-redirected-18-million-away-from-police-into-violence-prevention-programs\">to cut the city’s policing budget\u003c/a> and reallocate some of those funds to violence prevention and social service programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For decades in Oakland we’ve over-invested in policing, and the number of homicides and robberies this year are clear proof that this approach to public safety simply does not work,” Cat Brooks, executive director of the Justice Teams Network and a co-founder of the Anti Police-Terror Project, said earlier this month. “We can’t make the same mistakes we made in the past. We cannot throw more good money after failed policy solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooks said tens of thousands of Oakland residents filled the streets last year to demand the city “reinvest our tax dollars into programs that will actually keep us safe, not over-police Black and Brown communities.” By approving Schaaf’s police funding increase, the council was walking away from that mandate, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the same day Schaaf sent her letter, San Francisco Mayor London Breed — who last year\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11862094/sf-mayor-breed-unveils-plan-for-reinvesting-120-million-from-police-into-black-communities\"> championed an even more dramatic police divestment plan\u003c/a> — responded to the uptick in crime in areas of her city by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899060/vowing-to-end-reign-of-criminals-destroying-our-city-sf-mayor-breed-announces-latest-tenderloin-crackdown\">calling for new, more aggressive policing tactics\u003c/a>, particularly targeted at the beleaguered Tenderloin neighborhood, including a push to give officers more real-time access to surveillance footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Schaaf’s letter to Newsom this week, she also reiterated a request for as much California Highway Patrol presence and enforcement in the city as possible. A recent grant-funded effort between Oakland and the CHP “was extremely helpful,” she added, without providing specific details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaaf additionally asked for help from the CHP’s Organized Retail Crime Task Force regarding “recent caravan robberies of pharmacies, stores and cannabis businesses in Oakland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office did not immediately respond when asked to comment on Schaaf’s requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting by KQED’s Matthew Green and by Keith Burbank of Bay City News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>License plate readers and vehicle recognition cameras may soon be installed at on- and off-ramps and on state highways in and around Oakland, after Mayor Libby Schaaf sent a letter to Gov. Gavin Newsom on Tuesday requesting the devices as a way to stem her city’s spike in violent crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaaf’s ask came after Oakland on Monday \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/12/13/oakland-reaches-grim-milestone-as-city-ties-2012-homicide-mark/\">reported its 131st homicide of the year\u003c/a>, the greatest number in a decade. Armed robberies also are up 46% this year, and carjacking robberies are up 77%, Schaaf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The primary mode of transportation for those committing the violent crimes are vehicles that are often stolen or have switched license plates, many of whom travel into and throughout the Oakland [sic] on the highways and main thoroughfares,” Schaaf wrote in the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The need for a system that can capture vehicle descriptions and alert law enforcement to vehicles associated with violent crime, in real time, has never been more apparent,” she added. “Such technology can multiply law enforcement efforts in a focused, intelligence-based manner, while still balancing the important privacy interests of the community.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Police Chief LeRonne Armstrong said he made a similar request to the city several weeks ago, and was encouraged to see the mayor acting on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am in full support of the mayor’s request and look forward to new technology that will help make the city of Oakland safer,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the prospect of more cameras tracing the movement of drivers in the city is sparking serious concerns among some privacy advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People in Oakland are worried when their government wants to track what time they are getting on and off the highway,” said Adam Schwartz, senior staff attorney with the Electronic Frontier Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of surveillance approach invades residents’ privacy, “discourages people from going to protests and can lead to mistaken identity and police aiming guns at them,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Schwartz also said surveillance cameras are more often used in lower-income, largely Black and Latino communities than in more affluent, predominantly white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think license plate readers are not worth these downsides,” Schwartz said. Rather, he added, money should be spent on improving the trust between the police and the community instead of “ever more frightening surveillance technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, Schaaf, citing the city’s seemingly intractable jump in violent crime, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/us-news-crime-police-race-and-ethnicity-homicide-9ceaa74e9ac9d310d6f889cfaf414f59#:~:text=SAN%20FRANCISCO%20(AP)%20%E2%80%94%20The,in%20homicides%20and%20gun%20violence.\">asked the city council to approve funding to create two new police academies and add 60 officers to the force\u003c/a>, a proposal the council nearly unanimously approved. Critics of the move accused the mayor and councilmembers of reversing course and betraying pledges they had made in the wake of George Floyd’s murder last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11879404/oakland-just-redirected-18-million-away-from-police-into-violence-prevention-programs\">to cut the city’s policing budget\u003c/a> and reallocate some of those funds to violence prevention and social service programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For decades in Oakland we’ve over-invested in policing, and the number of homicides and robberies this year are clear proof that this approach to public safety simply does not work,” Cat Brooks, executive director of the Justice Teams Network and a co-founder of the Anti Police-Terror Project, said earlier this month. “We can’t make the same mistakes we made in the past. We cannot throw more good money after failed policy solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooks said tens of thousands of Oakland residents filled the streets last year to demand the city “reinvest our tax dollars into programs that will actually keep us safe, not over-police Black and Brown communities.” By approving Schaaf’s police funding increase, the council was walking away from that mandate, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the same day Schaaf sent her letter, San Francisco Mayor London Breed — who last year\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11862094/sf-mayor-breed-unveils-plan-for-reinvesting-120-million-from-police-into-black-communities\"> championed an even more dramatic police divestment plan\u003c/a> — responded to the uptick in crime in areas of her city by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899060/vowing-to-end-reign-of-criminals-destroying-our-city-sf-mayor-breed-announces-latest-tenderloin-crackdown\">calling for new, more aggressive policing tactics\u003c/a>, particularly targeted at the beleaguered Tenderloin neighborhood, including a push to give officers more real-time access to surveillance footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Schaaf’s letter to Newsom this week, she also reiterated a request for as much California Highway Patrol presence and enforcement in the city as possible. A recent grant-funded effort between Oakland and the CHP “was extremely helpful,” she added, without providing specific details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaaf additionally asked for help from the CHP’s Organized Retail Crime Task Force regarding “recent caravan robberies of pharmacies, stores and cannabis businesses in Oakland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office did not immediately respond when asked to comment on Schaaf’s requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting by KQED’s Matthew Green and by Keith Burbank of Bay City News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/funding_120821_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11898490\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/funding_120821_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf holds a sign that reads, \"Defund the Police\" with the \"de\" crossed out and replaced with \"re.\" We see police tape, shell casings, a flower memorial and sad residents in the background.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1343\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/funding_120821_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/funding_120821_final-800x560.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/funding_120821_final-1020x713.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/funding_120821_final-160x112.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/funding_120821_final-1536x1074.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>Oakland's \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreoaklandgunviolence\">rise in gun violence prompted Mayor Libby Schaaf last week to ask the city council to reverse scheduled funding cuts\u003c/a> and hire more police officers — a request it approved Tuesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland is not the only city facing a jump in homicides: The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/01/06/953254623/massive-1-year-rise-in-homicide-rates-collided-with-the-pandemic-in-2020\">murder rate surged across the country last year\u003c/a> amid the pandemic, and is on track this year to be at least as bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a tough time to reduce the number of police on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, adding more police shouldn't be the only approach to preventing violence in our communities, which is why we also need robust funding for violence prevention, job training and mental health programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surely in a region as wealthy as the Bay Area, we shouldn't have to choose between hiring good cops and investing in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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