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"content": "\u003cp>Federal officials detained more than 40 activists outside San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12063228/bay-area-religious-leaders-hold-interfaith-vigil-outside-of-ice-office-in-san-francisco\">federal immigration office\u003c/a> Tuesday morning after they blocked access to the building for hours, calling for due process and respect for immigrants amid escalating enforcement activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Fire Department began breaking chains connecting some of the activists to the building’s doors just before 10 a.m. People were handcuffed and taken inside the building after Department of Homeland Security officials gave repeated warnings to disperse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While local law enforcement is prohibited from assisting federal immigration officers with any investigation, detention or arrest under San Francisco’s sanctuary city policy, SFFD said firefighters acted within department protocol and “in order to ensure the health and safety of the individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department of Homeland Security spokesperson Tricia McLaughlin said in a statement that 43 people were arrested by ICE and Federal Protective Service officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rioters chained themselves to the building’s front gate and doors, impeding law enforcement operations,” she said via email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067433\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12067433 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-44-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-44-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-44-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-44-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faith leaders and immigrant advocates sing as they block the entrance to the ICE San Francisco Field Office on Dec. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though McLaughlin described the people as “rioters,” KQED witnessed protesters remaining peaceful throughout, aside from some booing and yelling while law enforcement officials made arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters told KQED that they were cited for obstructing the entrance to the building and released as of 2 p.m. By then, the protesters blocking both entrances had been cleared for hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the at least 40 people who had been waiting in line outside the building for scheduled check-ins throughout the morning also began to leave after officials said their appointments had been canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists told KQED that they were informed that the office would remain closed for the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detentions come after dozens of faith leaders and members of a Bay Area interfaith group stationed themselves in front of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency’s entrances on Sansome Street and Washington Street. Others, singing hymns and holding large banners, blocked intersections on Sansome and vehicle access to the building from Battery Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067394\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-04-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-04-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-04-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-04-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faith leaders and immigrant advocates block the entrance to the ICE San Francisco field office on Dec. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We are calling for an end to the kidnappings; we are calling for dignity and respect for all people; we are calling for due process,” said Limei Chen, a member of the Interfaith Movement for Human Integrity who was chained to the door on Sansome. “We are just calling for love and dignity for immigrants and all people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the summer, Interfaith leaders from across the Bay Area have been holding \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12059840/trump-says-anti-ice-protests-are-a-campaign-of-violence-reality-looks-far-different\">multiple weekly vigils\u003c/a> outside the office and an immigration court facility a half-mile away, but they have avoided interfering with ICE activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Rev. Deborah Lee, Interfaith Movement for Human Integrity co-director, said escalating violence has inspired them to take further action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At some point, we as people of faith are being called to not just love our neighbor, but we have to disrupt injustice that’s happening day after day after day,” she told KQED. “We cannot sit idly by and see people being marched into the slaughter of immigration detention across our country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee said over the last six months, about 120 people have been detained while reporting to mandatory asylum case check-in appointments and hearings in the city — a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12041473/unprecedented-ice-officers-operating-inside-bay-area-immigration-courts-lawyers-say\">tactic that was unprecedented\u003c/a> prior to the second Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067429\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12067429 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-17-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-17-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-17-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-17-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faith leaders and immigrant advocates sing as they block the entrance to the ICE San Francisco Field Office on Dec. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among them is Alexandra De Martini’s husband, who was detained last month during what she thought was a routine green card interview. Currently, he’s being held in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12062774/conditions-at-massive-new-california-immigration-facility-are-alarming-report-finds\">a detention center in California City\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People need to be informed that this is happening, that people are being taken at routine green card interviews in front of their children and their spouses,” she said at the protest on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to De Martini, her petition to sponsor her husband had already been accepted, and agents told her the appointment was wrapping up when she stepped out of the room to change their child’s diaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I said, ‘I’ll just wait, it’s OK,’ … and the agent said, ‘No, I’ll walk you to the bathroom. We’ll come get you when it’s over. We’re almost done here,’” she said. “When I came out, I was informed that my husband had been detained.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De Martini, who has impaired sight, said she’s had to walk to pediatrician appointments and faced difficulties caring for their 6-month-old without her husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said lawyers advised her to request a same-day bond hearing to have him released from detention, but immigration officials have told her it isn’t possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067431\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12067431 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-33-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-33-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-33-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-33-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Department of Homeland Security officers detain demonstrators outside of the ICE San Francisco Field Office on Dec. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They said under the current administration, we don’t do that,” De Martini said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice has also fired \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12065240/after-trump-fires-5-more-sf-immigration-judges-legal-scholars-fear-a-more-partisan-system\">12 of 21 immigration court judges\u003c/a> who preside over the Bay Area’s court since the beginning of 2025, raising alarms that judges who might not be willing to rule in line with the administration’s immigration agenda could face consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates said prior to the detentions Tuesday morning that they had planned to remain despite knowing there was the risk of arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The harm that’s being committed in these buildings when people are being taken from their families and then put into concentration camps far outweighs any concerns to any harm that may come from standing here today in solidarity with people who are just simply trying to live their lives in this country in freedom and dignity,” said Rabbi Cat Zavis, who was among those detained. “Our faith traditions and our spiritual traditions call us to disrupt injustice and stand with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department of Homeland Security spokesperson Tricia McLaughlin said in a statement that 43 people were arrested by ICE and Federal Protective Service officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rioters chained themselves to the building’s front gate and doors, impeding law enforcement operations,” she said via email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067433\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12067433 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-44-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-44-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-44-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-44-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faith leaders and immigrant advocates sing as they block the entrance to the ICE San Francisco Field Office on Dec. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though McLaughlin described the people as “rioters,” KQED witnessed protesters remaining peaceful throughout, aside from some booing and yelling while law enforcement officials made arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters told KQED that they were cited for obstructing the entrance to the building and released as of 2 p.m. By then, the protesters blocking both entrances had been cleared for hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the at least 40 people who had been waiting in line outside the building for scheduled check-ins throughout the morning also began to leave after officials said their appointments had been canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists told KQED that they were informed that the office would remain closed for the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detentions come after dozens of faith leaders and members of a Bay Area interfaith group stationed themselves in front of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency’s entrances on Sansome Street and Washington Street. Others, singing hymns and holding large banners, blocked intersections on Sansome and vehicle access to the building from Battery Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067394\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-04-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-04-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-04-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-04-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faith leaders and immigrant advocates block the entrance to the ICE San Francisco field office on Dec. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We are calling for an end to the kidnappings; we are calling for dignity and respect for all people; we are calling for due process,” said Limei Chen, a member of the Interfaith Movement for Human Integrity who was chained to the door on Sansome. “We are just calling for love and dignity for immigrants and all people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the summer, Interfaith leaders from across the Bay Area have been holding \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12059840/trump-says-anti-ice-protests-are-a-campaign-of-violence-reality-looks-far-different\">multiple weekly vigils\u003c/a> outside the office and an immigration court facility a half-mile away, but they have avoided interfering with ICE activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Rev. Deborah Lee, Interfaith Movement for Human Integrity co-director, said escalating violence has inspired them to take further action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At some point, we as people of faith are being called to not just love our neighbor, but we have to disrupt injustice that’s happening day after day after day,” she told KQED. “We cannot sit idly by and see people being marched into the slaughter of immigration detention across our country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee said over the last six months, about 120 people have been detained while reporting to mandatory asylum case check-in appointments and hearings in the city — a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12041473/unprecedented-ice-officers-operating-inside-bay-area-immigration-courts-lawyers-say\">tactic that was unprecedented\u003c/a> prior to the second Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067429\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12067429 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-17-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-17-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-17-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-17-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faith leaders and immigrant advocates sing as they block the entrance to the ICE San Francisco Field Office on Dec. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among them is Alexandra De Martini’s husband, who was detained last month during what she thought was a routine green card interview. Currently, he’s being held in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12062774/conditions-at-massive-new-california-immigration-facility-are-alarming-report-finds\">a detention center in California City\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People need to be informed that this is happening, that people are being taken at routine green card interviews in front of their children and their spouses,” she said at the protest on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to De Martini, her petition to sponsor her husband had already been accepted, and agents told her the appointment was wrapping up when she stepped out of the room to change their child’s diaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I said, ‘I’ll just wait, it’s OK,’ … and the agent said, ‘No, I’ll walk you to the bathroom. We’ll come get you when it’s over. We’re almost done here,’” she said. “When I came out, I was informed that my husband had been detained.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De Martini, who has impaired sight, said she’s had to walk to pediatrician appointments and faced difficulties caring for their 6-month-old without her husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said lawyers advised her to request a same-day bond hearing to have him released from detention, but immigration officials have told her it isn’t possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067431\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12067431 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-33-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-33-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-33-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251216-ICEPROTEST-33-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Department of Homeland Security officers detain demonstrators outside of the ICE San Francisco Field Office on Dec. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They said under the current administration, we don’t do that,” De Martini said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice has also fired \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12065240/after-trump-fires-5-more-sf-immigration-judges-legal-scholars-fear-a-more-partisan-system\">12 of 21 immigration court judges\u003c/a> who preside over the Bay Area’s court since the beginning of 2025, raising alarms that judges who might not be willing to rule in line with the administration’s immigration agenda could face consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates said prior to the detentions Tuesday morning that they had planned to remain despite knowing there was the risk of arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The harm that’s being committed in these buildings when people are being taken from their families and then put into concentration camps far outweighs any concerns to any harm that may come from standing here today in solidarity with people who are just simply trying to live their lives in this country in freedom and dignity,” said Rabbi Cat Zavis, who was among those detained. “Our faith traditions and our spiritual traditions call us to disrupt injustice and stand with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Below are excerpts from their conversation, edited for brevity and clarity. For the full interview, listen to the audio linked at the top of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atop the rolling hills of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-jose\">East San José\u003c/a> sits the largest \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjose.org/listings/sikh-gurdwara-sahib\">Sikh temple\u003c/a> in the United States, its white domes visible for miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, on an October Sunday, music drifted through the prayer hall and congregants made their way to\u003cem> langar\u003c/em>, the community kitchen where free meals are served each day. For decades, this gurdwara has been both a spiritual anchor and a lifeline for tens of thousands of worshippers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over the past year, a quiet, growing fear has settled into the space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Asians are rarely included in conversations about undocumented communities, yet 35,000 people from India were \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/nationwide-encounters\">apprehended\u003c/a> at the U.S. border this year — many of them Punjabi Sikhs. Some arrive seeking political refuge; others come on temporary visas and take low-wage jobs that leave them especially exposed when immigration policy shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following a January \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/01/21/statement-dhs-spokesperson-directives-expanding-law-enforcement-and-ending-abuse\">memo\u003c/a> from the Department of Homeland Security, expanding where officers can operate, federal immigration agents are more routinely showing up at formerly protected “sensitive locations” — hospitals, clinics, schools and places of worship. The intensification of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053380/as-ice-arrests-surge-a-journalist-in-southern-california-covers-raids-in-her-own-backyard\">ICE enforcement across California\u003c/a> has left many Sikh immigrants wondering whether even their gurdwaras are still safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066899\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-3-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066899\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-3-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-3-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-3-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-3-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tanay Gokhale, a journalist covering how immigration enforcement affects Punjabi Sikh residents across California, stands in front of Gurdwara Sahib Hayward, a Sikh temple established in 1993, in Hayward on Dec. 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gurdwaras act as a touchstone for medical care, social services and community support for Sikh Punjabi immigrants and their families. With Punjabi being the \u003ca href=\"https://mesa.ucdavis.edu/punjabi#:~:text=Why%20Learn%20Punjabi?,that%20started%20in%20the%201890s.\">third\u003c/a> most-spoken language in several California counties, many find solace in the in-language information the space offers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Tanay Gokhale spent the past year with this community, reporting for \u003ca href=\"https://indiacurrents.com/whats-at-stake-in-the-battle-to-keep-ice-out-of-gurdwaras/\">India Currents\u003c/a>, a San José–based nonprofit magazine serving South Asian immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He joined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/program/the-california-report-magazine\">\u003cem>The California Report Magazine\u003c/em>\u003c/a> host Sasha Khokha to explain how rising ICE activity is reshaping daily life for Sikh immigrants in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Below are excerpts from their conversation, edited for brevity and clarity. For the full interview, listen to the audio linked at the top of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Only why he turned his attention to Sikh Punjabi immigrants\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When the administration’s immigration crackdown started, I was thinking of how this might impact the Indian diaspora. And generally, when you think of the Indian diaspora, you think of an affluent group of well-educated people who are accomplished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But few people know that Indians are actually the fifth-largest \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/race-and-ethnicity/2025/08/21/u-s-unauthorized-immigrant-population-reached-a-record-14-million-in-2023/#:~:text=After%20Mexico%2C%20the%20countries%20with%20the%20largest,(850%2C000)%20*%20Honduras%20(775%2C000)%20*%20India%20(680%2C000)\">undocumented\u003c/a> group in the country. And this community is largely underreported and a lot of these people are Sikhs coming from [the state of] Punjab to settle in California. They’re working \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11849926/why-farmers-drove-a-tractor-to-protest-at-the-indian-consulate-in-san-francisco\">blue-collar jobs like agricultural labor\u003c/a> or in the trucking industry. I also thought about how the immigration crackdown is also impacting immigrants’ health outcomes because people are more afraid to go out and seek health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On what changed after President Donald Trump took office in January of 2025\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The DHS issued the memo on Jan. 21, right after the Trump administration took charge. It basically allowed ICE officers to conduct operations inside places of worship, which in the past was a big no-no unless it was absolutely necessary.[aside postID=news_12053380 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/75ACE4D9-068E-4167-9BD3-CFF3A0BE597B-2000x1335.jpg']Right after the memo came out, there were also some false rumors about ICE raids in gurdwaras across the country, and that further fueled the paranoia and fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly, Sikhs around the country were thinking, “Hold on, if I go to the gurdwara every Sunday, but this time when I step out, is there a chance that I’m gonna get picked up by ICE?” And that led to a lot of fear among the community and gurdwaras were reporting a drop in attendance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke to Narenda Singh Thandi, a former Amtrak bus driver who’s now serving as the president of \u003ca href=\"https://indiacurrents.com/whats-at-stake-in-the-battle-to-keep-ice-out-of-gurdwaras/\">the West Sacramento gurdwara\u003c/a>. And he was talking about how he’s concerned that immigration activity would go against the decorum that gurdwaras need to maintain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want ICE in the temple,” Thandi said. “We don’t want people to go with the shoes on, with guns on, which is against our system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Sikhs go to the gurdwara, their heads are supposed to be covered at all times, and there’s absolutely no weapons allowed inside. You’re also supposed to take your shoes off before you enter the prayer hall. If an ICE operation or a homeland security operation is happening, chances are that officers aren’t necessarily gonna follow that.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On why gurdwaras are essential support hubs — and the cost of staying away\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gurdwaras are a house of worship, but they’re also kind of like resource hubs for new immigrants, especially those who do not speak English and only speak Punjabi. These are spaces where you pray, but you also seek out fellowship: you meet a familiar-looking face from your city back home in India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gurdwara offers all of these wonderful services like you mentioned. So, when you’re seeing a drop in attendance in gurdwaras because of fear of immigration activity, it also means that congregants are not accessing these services, and that can lead to some pretty serious outcomes for their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066902\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066902\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers prepare food in the langar kitchen at Gurdwara Sahib Hayward in Hayward on Dec. 11, 2025. The Sikh tradition of langar emphasizes community service and equality through shared meals. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I spoke to Dr. Harpreet Singh Pannu. He’s a Kaiser doctor, but on Sundays, he runs a \u003ca href=\"https://indiacurrents.com/language-barriers-cripple-sikh-immigrants-access-to-healthcare/\">free medical clinic\u003c/a> at the San José gurdwara. By training, he’s an internal medicine specialist, but at this gurdwara, he is a physician, he’s a mental health counselor, he’s a health advocate, he’s a health educator — all rolled into one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially among older congregants, someone who speaks in Punjabi offers a level of comfort and familiarity that they often cannot find in a hospital, which can seem foreign and sterile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t make a difference in terms of whether they are documented or undocumented,” Pannu said. “But there is reluctance because they are worried if they come here, they could end up in trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By ‘ending up in trouble,’ he’s talking about getting picked up by ICE in a raid, and this is especially problematic for some of the older congregants who have this as their only point of contact with any sort of health practitioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On one man’s quiet support for Sikh detainees\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2016, driven purely by his own curiosity, Simran Singh made the 20-minute trip [from his home] to the \u003ca href=\"https://indiacurrents.com/for-sikhs-in-ice-detention-centers-faith-represents-hope/\">Mesa Verde detention center\u003c/a>. He didn’t expect there to be any [South Asian detainees], but was actually surprised to see that there were three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention centers can be really isolating places for detainees.[aside postID=news_12066314 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-SJPRIESTIMMIGRATION00043_TV-KQED.jpg']You’ve just had a months-long journey from India to the U.S. border, and suddenly you find yourself in this place where you have very little personal space and there’s also nobody to talk to because you’re often speaking different languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A phone call — an international phone call back home — costs 85 cents a minute. You can work an entire day, and you can barely scrape together enough money to speak for one minute to your family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singh completed a four-hour volunteer course that the detention center offers. And once he completed that, he had access to the detainees. He found that none of the detainees had access to gutke — a holy prayer book that Sikhs usually have on their person — and it is a really important part of prayer and Sikhism and of their faith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of them weren’t fluent in English,” Singh said, “It was just heartwarming to see them have something that connects them to the outside world so they’re not just isolated in this place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He visited every week with some langar food, gutke, turban cloths and Punjabi newspapers to keep them updated on what was happening back home in India.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On the battle to protect articles of faith behind bars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Detainees did not have access to articles of faith — no gutke, no prayer beads, no turban cloths. There’s a lack of awareness and lack of resources on the ICE detention centers part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067105\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/simran-middle.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067105\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/simran-middle.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/simran-middle.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/simran-middle-160x90.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Simran Singh (middle) during a group tour of the Bakersfield Detention Center that he organized to raise awareness about Sikh detainees among the Sikh diaspora. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Simran Singh.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example, in detention centers, detainees cannot keep hardbound books on their person. But the gutke are almost always hardbound because they’re holy and they’re supposed to be kept protected at all times, and they shouldn’t have any damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Singh found out, he found an importer in India, a manufacturer who makes softbound gutke and he added a layer of zip-close bag protection as security. And then it was okay to distribute them among the detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another contentious article of faith is the turban. Sikh men are required to wear a turban to cover the head at all times. It’s very important to them. It’s a representation of their faith. And taking off one’s turban, especially in public, represents great dishonor among practicing Sikhs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2022, there were dozens of cases in which Sikh detainees were \u003ca href=\"https://arizonastatelawjournal.org/2022/10/03/a-call-for-accountability-u-s-border-patrol-officers-confiscate-and-discard-sikh-turbans/\">forced\u003c/a> to take off their turbans at the border by immigration officers. In some cases, the turbans were thrown into the trash right in front of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On shared suffering and solidarity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In some ways, the detainees are all in the same boat with respect to some common struggles. They’re all away from home, they’re all anxious about their future, their families, their finances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, there’s a language barrier that prevents them from connecting, except sometimes through faith. In that kind of a situation, faith becomes a really powerful thing to hang on to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066900\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-7-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066900\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-7-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-7-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-7-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-7-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Worshippers sit on the floor and eat langar, a free communal meal, inside Gurdwara Sahib Hayward in Hayward on Dec. 11, 2025. Sikh temples serve langar to all visitors, regardless of background or religion. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Singh also found that prayer beads — malas —that he was bringing to Sikh detainees are actually used by multiple faiths. They’re used in Catholicism, Islam, Hinduism and other faiths as well. And that became a point of connection inside the detention center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The South Asian detainees would also take back extra \u003cem>malas\u003c/em> to give out to people and so kind of build this relationship with someone from El Salvador or Mexico,” said Singh. “Neither of you are speaking English well, but now you have something to give to them, and that gesture goes a long way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On why this community needs greater attention and support\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Singh visited the detention facility for the first time in 2016, he saw three South Asian detainees. Now he’s seeing 65, of which half are Sikhs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s still not enough advocacy and enough support for this population, even within the Indian diaspora. It is heartening to see people like Singh stepping in, doing everything that they can and filling in that gap, but I do think there needs to be more advocacy and support and just general awareness about this population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Below are excerpts from their conversation, edited for brevity and clarity. For the full interview, listen to the audio linked at the top of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atop the rolling hills of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-jose\">East San José\u003c/a> sits the largest \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjose.org/listings/sikh-gurdwara-sahib\">Sikh temple\u003c/a> in the United States, its white domes visible for miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, on an October Sunday, music drifted through the prayer hall and congregants made their way to\u003cem> langar\u003c/em>, the community kitchen where free meals are served each day. For decades, this gurdwara has been both a spiritual anchor and a lifeline for tens of thousands of worshippers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over the past year, a quiet, growing fear has settled into the space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Asians are rarely included in conversations about undocumented communities, yet 35,000 people from India were \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/nationwide-encounters\">apprehended\u003c/a> at the U.S. border this year — many of them Punjabi Sikhs. Some arrive seeking political refuge; others come on temporary visas and take low-wage jobs that leave them especially exposed when immigration policy shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following a January \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/01/21/statement-dhs-spokesperson-directives-expanding-law-enforcement-and-ending-abuse\">memo\u003c/a> from the Department of Homeland Security, expanding where officers can operate, federal immigration agents are more routinely showing up at formerly protected “sensitive locations” — hospitals, clinics, schools and places of worship. The intensification of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053380/as-ice-arrests-surge-a-journalist-in-southern-california-covers-raids-in-her-own-backyard\">ICE enforcement across California\u003c/a> has left many Sikh immigrants wondering whether even their gurdwaras are still safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066899\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-3-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066899\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-3-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-3-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-3-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-3-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tanay Gokhale, a journalist covering how immigration enforcement affects Punjabi Sikh residents across California, stands in front of Gurdwara Sahib Hayward, a Sikh temple established in 1993, in Hayward on Dec. 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gurdwaras act as a touchstone for medical care, social services and community support for Sikh Punjabi immigrants and their families. With Punjabi being the \u003ca href=\"https://mesa.ucdavis.edu/punjabi#:~:text=Why%20Learn%20Punjabi?,that%20started%20in%20the%201890s.\">third\u003c/a> most-spoken language in several California counties, many find solace in the in-language information the space offers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Tanay Gokhale spent the past year with this community, reporting for \u003ca href=\"https://indiacurrents.com/whats-at-stake-in-the-battle-to-keep-ice-out-of-gurdwaras/\">India Currents\u003c/a>, a San José–based nonprofit magazine serving South Asian immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He joined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/program/the-california-report-magazine\">\u003cem>The California Report Magazine\u003c/em>\u003c/a> host Sasha Khokha to explain how rising ICE activity is reshaping daily life for Sikh immigrants in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Below are excerpts from their conversation, edited for brevity and clarity. For the full interview, listen to the audio linked at the top of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Only why he turned his attention to Sikh Punjabi immigrants\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When the administration’s immigration crackdown started, I was thinking of how this might impact the Indian diaspora. And generally, when you think of the Indian diaspora, you think of an affluent group of well-educated people who are accomplished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But few people know that Indians are actually the fifth-largest \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/race-and-ethnicity/2025/08/21/u-s-unauthorized-immigrant-population-reached-a-record-14-million-in-2023/#:~:text=After%20Mexico%2C%20the%20countries%20with%20the%20largest,(850%2C000)%20*%20Honduras%20(775%2C000)%20*%20India%20(680%2C000)\">undocumented\u003c/a> group in the country. And this community is largely underreported and a lot of these people are Sikhs coming from [the state of] Punjab to settle in California. They’re working \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11849926/why-farmers-drove-a-tractor-to-protest-at-the-indian-consulate-in-san-francisco\">blue-collar jobs like agricultural labor\u003c/a> or in the trucking industry. I also thought about how the immigration crackdown is also impacting immigrants’ health outcomes because people are more afraid to go out and seek health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On what changed after President Donald Trump took office in January of 2025\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The DHS issued the memo on Jan. 21, right after the Trump administration took charge. It basically allowed ICE officers to conduct operations inside places of worship, which in the past was a big no-no unless it was absolutely necessary.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Right after the memo came out, there were also some false rumors about ICE raids in gurdwaras across the country, and that further fueled the paranoia and fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly, Sikhs around the country were thinking, “Hold on, if I go to the gurdwara every Sunday, but this time when I step out, is there a chance that I’m gonna get picked up by ICE?” And that led to a lot of fear among the community and gurdwaras were reporting a drop in attendance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke to Narenda Singh Thandi, a former Amtrak bus driver who’s now serving as the president of \u003ca href=\"https://indiacurrents.com/whats-at-stake-in-the-battle-to-keep-ice-out-of-gurdwaras/\">the West Sacramento gurdwara\u003c/a>. And he was talking about how he’s concerned that immigration activity would go against the decorum that gurdwaras need to maintain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want ICE in the temple,” Thandi said. “We don’t want people to go with the shoes on, with guns on, which is against our system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Sikhs go to the gurdwara, their heads are supposed to be covered at all times, and there’s absolutely no weapons allowed inside. You’re also supposed to take your shoes off before you enter the prayer hall. If an ICE operation or a homeland security operation is happening, chances are that officers aren’t necessarily gonna follow that.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On why gurdwaras are essential support hubs — and the cost of staying away\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gurdwaras are a house of worship, but they’re also kind of like resource hubs for new immigrants, especially those who do not speak English and only speak Punjabi. These are spaces where you pray, but you also seek out fellowship: you meet a familiar-looking face from your city back home in India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gurdwara offers all of these wonderful services like you mentioned. So, when you’re seeing a drop in attendance in gurdwaras because of fear of immigration activity, it also means that congregants are not accessing these services, and that can lead to some pretty serious outcomes for their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066902\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066902\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers prepare food in the langar kitchen at Gurdwara Sahib Hayward in Hayward on Dec. 11, 2025. The Sikh tradition of langar emphasizes community service and equality through shared meals. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I spoke to Dr. Harpreet Singh Pannu. He’s a Kaiser doctor, but on Sundays, he runs a \u003ca href=\"https://indiacurrents.com/language-barriers-cripple-sikh-immigrants-access-to-healthcare/\">free medical clinic\u003c/a> at the San José gurdwara. By training, he’s an internal medicine specialist, but at this gurdwara, he is a physician, he’s a mental health counselor, he’s a health advocate, he’s a health educator — all rolled into one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially among older congregants, someone who speaks in Punjabi offers a level of comfort and familiarity that they often cannot find in a hospital, which can seem foreign and sterile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t make a difference in terms of whether they are documented or undocumented,” Pannu said. “But there is reluctance because they are worried if they come here, they could end up in trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By ‘ending up in trouble,’ he’s talking about getting picked up by ICE in a raid, and this is especially problematic for some of the older congregants who have this as their only point of contact with any sort of health practitioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On one man’s quiet support for Sikh detainees\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2016, driven purely by his own curiosity, Simran Singh made the 20-minute trip [from his home] to the \u003ca href=\"https://indiacurrents.com/for-sikhs-in-ice-detention-centers-faith-represents-hope/\">Mesa Verde detention center\u003c/a>. He didn’t expect there to be any [South Asian detainees], but was actually surprised to see that there were three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention centers can be really isolating places for detainees.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>You’ve just had a months-long journey from India to the U.S. border, and suddenly you find yourself in this place where you have very little personal space and there’s also nobody to talk to because you’re often speaking different languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A phone call — an international phone call back home — costs 85 cents a minute. You can work an entire day, and you can barely scrape together enough money to speak for one minute to your family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singh completed a four-hour volunteer course that the detention center offers. And once he completed that, he had access to the detainees. He found that none of the detainees had access to gutke — a holy prayer book that Sikhs usually have on their person — and it is a really important part of prayer and Sikhism and of their faith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of them weren’t fluent in English,” Singh said, “It was just heartwarming to see them have something that connects them to the outside world so they’re not just isolated in this place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He visited every week with some langar food, gutke, turban cloths and Punjabi newspapers to keep them updated on what was happening back home in India.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On the battle to protect articles of faith behind bars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Detainees did not have access to articles of faith — no gutke, no prayer beads, no turban cloths. There’s a lack of awareness and lack of resources on the ICE detention centers part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067105\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/simran-middle.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067105\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/simran-middle.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/simran-middle.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/simran-middle-160x90.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Simran Singh (middle) during a group tour of the Bakersfield Detention Center that he organized to raise awareness about Sikh detainees among the Sikh diaspora. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Simran Singh.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example, in detention centers, detainees cannot keep hardbound books on their person. But the gutke are almost always hardbound because they’re holy and they’re supposed to be kept protected at all times, and they shouldn’t have any damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Singh found out, he found an importer in India, a manufacturer who makes softbound gutke and he added a layer of zip-close bag protection as security. And then it was okay to distribute them among the detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another contentious article of faith is the turban. Sikh men are required to wear a turban to cover the head at all times. It’s very important to them. It’s a representation of their faith. And taking off one’s turban, especially in public, represents great dishonor among practicing Sikhs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2022, there were dozens of cases in which Sikh detainees were \u003ca href=\"https://arizonastatelawjournal.org/2022/10/03/a-call-for-accountability-u-s-border-patrol-officers-confiscate-and-discard-sikh-turbans/\">forced\u003c/a> to take off their turbans at the border by immigration officers. In some cases, the turbans were thrown into the trash right in front of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On shared suffering and solidarity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In some ways, the detainees are all in the same boat with respect to some common struggles. They’re all away from home, they’re all anxious about their future, their families, their finances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, there’s a language barrier that prevents them from connecting, except sometimes through faith. In that kind of a situation, faith becomes a really powerful thing to hang on to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066900\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-7-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066900\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-7-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-7-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-7-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_ICEGURUDWARA_DECEMBER_GH-7-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Worshippers sit on the floor and eat langar, a free communal meal, inside Gurdwara Sahib Hayward in Hayward on Dec. 11, 2025. Sikh temples serve langar to all visitors, regardless of background or religion. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Singh also found that prayer beads — malas —that he was bringing to Sikh detainees are actually used by multiple faiths. They’re used in Catholicism, Islam, Hinduism and other faiths as well. And that became a point of connection inside the detention center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The South Asian detainees would also take back extra \u003cem>malas\u003c/em> to give out to people and so kind of build this relationship with someone from El Salvador or Mexico,” said Singh. “Neither of you are speaking English well, but now you have something to give to them, and that gesture goes a long way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On why this community needs greater attention and support\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Singh visited the detention facility for the first time in 2016, he saw three South Asian detainees. Now he’s seeing 65, of which half are Sikhs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s still not enough advocacy and enough support for this population, even within the Indian diaspora. It is heartening to see people like Singh stepping in, doing everything that they can and filling in that gap, but I do think there needs to be more advocacy and support and just general awareness about this population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "pentagon-diverted-2b-of-military-spending-to-immigration-enforcement-democrats-say",
"title": "Pentagon Diverted $2 Billion of Military Spending to Immigration Enforcement, Democrats Say",
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"headTitle": "Pentagon Diverted $2 Billion of Military Spending to Immigration Enforcement, Democrats Say | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A Bay Area lawmaker is among a group of Democrats who say the Pentagon has diverted more than $2 billion in military funds toward \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12058799/trumps-national-guard-moves-are-part-of-a-dangerous-plan-california-ag-warns\">the Trump administration’s aggressive immigration enforcement\u003c/a> agenda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/john-garamendi\">Rep. John Garamendi, D-Fairfield,\u003c/a> whose district includes Travis Air Force Base, on Thursday said deploying soldiers and funding to the Southern border undermines national security and threatens military readiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>The [Army’s] 101st Division, which is one of the three divisions that we keep always ready to go in a moment’s notice, has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.northcom.mil/Newsroom/Press-Releases/Article/4323057/joint-task-forcesouthern-border-conducts-transfer-of-authority-from-10th-mounta/\">diverted\u003c/a> to border activities,” said Garamendi, who serves as the ranking Democrat on the House Armed Services Committee. “So the management, the infrastructure, the logistics — all of that is totally disrupted. And they are not prepared to depart at a moment’s notice to some urgency around the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/cost_report_on_diverting_military_resources_for_immigration_enforcement.pdf\">review \u003c/a>of Pentagon border funding, co-authored by Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren, California Sens. Alex Padilla and Adam Schiff and nine other members of Congress, found that the Department of Defense has committed $1.3 billion for border enforcement, including troops and wall construction. And the agency’s budget \u003ca href=\"https://comptroller.war.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/FY2026/FY2026_Budget_Request_Overview_Book.pdf\">request\u003c/a> for fiscal year 2026 indicated plans to spend an additional $5 billion on southern border operations alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also highlighted the Pentagon’s commitment to spend:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$250 million to deploy troops in U.S. cities, aiding immigration operations\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$420 million for detention operations on military bases, including Guantanamo\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$55 million to reassign military lawyers as immigration judges\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$40 million for air transport of detainees, including deportation flights\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“What is clear is that the public can expect DoD to spend billions more on immigration enforcement in the near future,” the report stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrats called the diversion of funds a waste of taxpayer resources and “baffling,” in light of the Republican-controlled Congress’s unprecedented $170 billion allocation to the Department of Homeland Security earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12037936\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12037936\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A KC-10 Extender is parked on the ramp as a C-5M Super Galaxy takes off at Travis Air Force Base, California, on March 16, 2017. \u003ccite>(Hum Images/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year, Garamendi has strenuously resisted the Pentagon’s use of military aircraft for deportation flights, the use of the U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, for immigration detention, and a proposal — first reported by KQED — to build \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12037889/trump-administration-considers-immigration-detention-bay-area-military-base-records-show\">an immigration detention center at Travis\u003c/a>. After he and North Bay Democratic Rep. Mike Thompson raised questions, Garamendi said military officials told them the plan had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12055651/trump-administrations-plans-for-ice-detention-on-bay-area-military-base-are-on-hold\">put on hold\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawmaker also said he believes redirecting troops to immigration efforts at the border and in cities such as Los Angeles is a violation of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12066202/california-renews-push-to-bring-national-guard-back-under-newsoms-command\">the Posse Comitatus Act\u003c/a>, an 1878 law that limits the use of military personnel to police domestic laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we’ve learned about the Trump administration is they don’t much care what the law is. They simply will do what they want to do, regardless of the law. It’s kind of like, ‘catch me if you can,’” he said\u003cem>.\u003c/em> “We’re gonna call it out. We’re gonna say it’s illegal. It’s the use of the military for domestic law enforcement purposes.”[aside postID=news_12066492 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240212-ImmigrationCourt-31-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg']The Defense Department has not addressed the question of legality. But in a statement, Press Secretary Kingsley Wilson affirmed that the Pentagon is committing resources to immigration efforts. With a nearly $1 trillion defense budget, there’s plenty of money to go around, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Operations with the Department of Homeland Security wouldn’t be necessary if Joe Biden didn’t turn the Southern Border into a national security threat, but this administration is proud to fix the problem Democrats started,” she said. “Spending allocated money on one mission does not mean other missions become depleted. That’s ludicrous and just plain stupid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Dec. 9 \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/cover_letter_to_pentagon_on_immigration_deployment_costs_report.pdf\">letter\u003c/a>, the Democrats shared the report with Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth and asked a series of pointed questions about how the military funds are being used. They also cited news reports that the deployments in support of Homeland Security operations are hurting troop morale and raising concerns about retention and recruitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Similar deployments during the first Trump administration led to higher instances of alcohol and drug abuse amongst servicemembers assigned to these missions, and potentially contributed to several tragic suicides,” the letter said. “We urge you to uphold the commitment you made to the Senate during your confirmation process and stop using the military for these political stunts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla noted that the report comes on the heels of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12066625/federal-judge-orders-trump-to-return-national-guard-troops-in-la-to-state-control\">federal judge’s ruling on \u003c/a>Wednesday ordering the Trump administration to end the National Guard deployment in Los Angeles and return the federalized troops to California’s control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the Senate Armed Services Committee held a \u003ca href=\"https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/hearings/to-receive-testimony-on-the-administrations-deployment-of-the-national-guard-across-the-united-states\">hearing\u003c/a> on the deployment of the National Guard across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A new investigation, led by Bay Area Rep. John Garamendi and Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren, says the President’s immigration agenda may come at the cost of military readiness and morale. ",
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"title": "Pentagon Diverted $2 Billion of Military Spending to Immigration Enforcement, Democrats Say | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A Bay Area lawmaker is among a group of Democrats who say the Pentagon has diverted more than $2 billion in military funds toward \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12058799/trumps-national-guard-moves-are-part-of-a-dangerous-plan-california-ag-warns\">the Trump administration’s aggressive immigration enforcement\u003c/a> agenda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/john-garamendi\">Rep. John Garamendi, D-Fairfield,\u003c/a> whose district includes Travis Air Force Base, on Thursday said deploying soldiers and funding to the Southern border undermines national security and threatens military readiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>The [Army’s] 101st Division, which is one of the three divisions that we keep always ready to go in a moment’s notice, has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.northcom.mil/Newsroom/Press-Releases/Article/4323057/joint-task-forcesouthern-border-conducts-transfer-of-authority-from-10th-mounta/\">diverted\u003c/a> to border activities,” said Garamendi, who serves as the ranking Democrat on the House Armed Services Committee. “So the management, the infrastructure, the logistics — all of that is totally disrupted. And they are not prepared to depart at a moment’s notice to some urgency around the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/cost_report_on_diverting_military_resources_for_immigration_enforcement.pdf\">review \u003c/a>of Pentagon border funding, co-authored by Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren, California Sens. Alex Padilla and Adam Schiff and nine other members of Congress, found that the Department of Defense has committed $1.3 billion for border enforcement, including troops and wall construction. And the agency’s budget \u003ca href=\"https://comptroller.war.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/FY2026/FY2026_Budget_Request_Overview_Book.pdf\">request\u003c/a> for fiscal year 2026 indicated plans to spend an additional $5 billion on southern border operations alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also highlighted the Pentagon’s commitment to spend:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$250 million to deploy troops in U.S. cities, aiding immigration operations\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$420 million for detention operations on military bases, including Guantanamo\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$55 million to reassign military lawyers as immigration judges\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$40 million for air transport of detainees, including deportation flights\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“What is clear is that the public can expect DoD to spend billions more on immigration enforcement in the near future,” the report stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrats called the diversion of funds a waste of taxpayer resources and “baffling,” in light of the Republican-controlled Congress’s unprecedented $170 billion allocation to the Department of Homeland Security earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12037936\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12037936\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A KC-10 Extender is parked on the ramp as a C-5M Super Galaxy takes off at Travis Air Force Base, California, on March 16, 2017. \u003ccite>(Hum Images/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year, Garamendi has strenuously resisted the Pentagon’s use of military aircraft for deportation flights, the use of the U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, for immigration detention, and a proposal — first reported by KQED — to build \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12037889/trump-administration-considers-immigration-detention-bay-area-military-base-records-show\">an immigration detention center at Travis\u003c/a>. After he and North Bay Democratic Rep. Mike Thompson raised questions, Garamendi said military officials told them the plan had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12055651/trump-administrations-plans-for-ice-detention-on-bay-area-military-base-are-on-hold\">put on hold\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawmaker also said he believes redirecting troops to immigration efforts at the border and in cities such as Los Angeles is a violation of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12066202/california-renews-push-to-bring-national-guard-back-under-newsoms-command\">the Posse Comitatus Act\u003c/a>, an 1878 law that limits the use of military personnel to police domestic laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we’ve learned about the Trump administration is they don’t much care what the law is. They simply will do what they want to do, regardless of the law. It’s kind of like, ‘catch me if you can,’” he said\u003cem>.\u003c/em> “We’re gonna call it out. We’re gonna say it’s illegal. It’s the use of the military for domestic law enforcement purposes.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Defense Department has not addressed the question of legality. But in a statement, Press Secretary Kingsley Wilson affirmed that the Pentagon is committing resources to immigration efforts. With a nearly $1 trillion defense budget, there’s plenty of money to go around, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Operations with the Department of Homeland Security wouldn’t be necessary if Joe Biden didn’t turn the Southern Border into a national security threat, but this administration is proud to fix the problem Democrats started,” she said. “Spending allocated money on one mission does not mean other missions become depleted. That’s ludicrous and just plain stupid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Dec. 9 \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/cover_letter_to_pentagon_on_immigration_deployment_costs_report.pdf\">letter\u003c/a>, the Democrats shared the report with Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth and asked a series of pointed questions about how the military funds are being used. They also cited news reports that the deployments in support of Homeland Security operations are hurting troop morale and raising concerns about retention and recruitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Similar deployments during the first Trump administration led to higher instances of alcohol and drug abuse amongst servicemembers assigned to these missions, and potentially contributed to several tragic suicides,” the letter said. “We urge you to uphold the commitment you made to the Senate during your confirmation process and stop using the military for these political stunts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla noted that the report comes on the heels of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12066625/federal-judge-orders-trump-to-return-national-guard-troops-in-la-to-state-control\">federal judge’s ruling on \u003c/a>Wednesday ordering the Trump administration to end the National Guard deployment in Los Angeles and return the federalized troops to California’s control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the Senate Armed Services Committee held a \u003ca href=\"https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/hearings/to-receive-testimony-on-the-administrations-deployment-of-the-national-guard-across-the-united-states\">hearing\u003c/a> on the deployment of the National Guard across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "federal-judge-orders-trump-to-return-national-guard-troops-in-la-to-state-control",
"title": "Federal Judge Orders Trump to Return National Guard Troops in LA to State Control",
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"headTitle": "Federal Judge Orders Trump to Return National Guard Troops in LA to State Control | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge on Wednesday \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.450934/gov.uscourts.cand.450934.225.0_3.pdf\">ordered\u003c/a> President Donald Trump to end his deployment of 300 California National Guard troops to Los Angeles and return control to Gov. Gavin Newsom, ruling that there is no evidence to justify the ongoing military presence among civilians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling by U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer in San Francisco, which followed a Friday \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12066202/california-renews-push-to-bring-national-guard-back-under-newsoms-command\">hearing,\u003c/a> bluntly rejects the Trump administration’s argument that the troops’ presence in Los Angeles remains necessary in order to enforce federal laws and flatly dismisses their contention that the courts have no place to review such an order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The founders designed our government to be a system of checks and balances. Defendants, however, make clear that the only check they want is a blank one,” Breyer wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Six months after they first federalized the California National Guard, defendants still retain control of approximately 300 Guardsmen, despite no evidence that execution of federal law is impeded in any way — let alone significantly. What’s more, defendants have sent California Guardsmen into other states, effectively creating a national police force made up of state troops,” he added in his scathing opening remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California leaders celebrated the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once again, a court has firmly rejected the president’s attempt to make the National Guard a traveling national police force,” said Attorney General Rob Bonta. “The president is not king. And he cannot federalize the National Guard whenever, wherever, and for however long he wants, without justification. This is a good day for our democracy and the strength of the rule of law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12058864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12058864\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Attorney General Rob Bonta is briefed by members of his Civil Rights Enforcement Section on litigation challenging the Trump administration at his offices in downtown Los Angeles, California, on March 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Allen J. Schaben/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ruling will not take effect until Monday, giving the Trump administration time to appeal to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, which earlier this year \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043920/judge-weighs-californias-lawsuit-over-trumps-troop-deployment-in-la\">halted\u003c/a> a previous, temporary ruling by Breyer that also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043935/how-solid-is-californias-legal-case-against-trump-deploying-troops-to-la\">blocked the president from using the troops\u003c/a>. The appeals court later \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/06/9th-circuit-los-angeles-national-guard/\">ruled in favor\u003c/a> of the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court is also considering a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12054322/judge-rules-trump-violated-law-by-sending-troops-to-los-angeles\">separate decision\u003c/a> from Breyer that prohibited the administration from using troops to patrol civilians in L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice declined to comment on the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue in the current ruling is whether Trump had the authority to call up 300 members of the California National Guard over Newsom’s objections in June, amid immigration raids and subsequent protests in L.A. The state sued after that initial deployment. In August, the president extended the deployment through Nov. 4 — Election Day in California — and then, in October, moved again to lengthen the deployment through Feb. 2, 2026.[aside postID=news_12066492 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240212-ImmigrationCourt-31-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg']Loyola Law School professor Jessica Levinson said that although the 9th Circuit might accord the Trump administration more deference on appeal, Breyer’s order painstakingly spells out why the government has not met the necessary standard under the law it used to justify the deployment: that it was unable to execute federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have here is a decision that basically says the Trump administration doesn’t get to just point to statutory language and say that the conditions are satisfied,” she said. “And Judge Breyer spends a good deal of time in this 35-page decision saying, I think you are able to execute federal law through the regular forces. And what happened on the ground doesn’t rise to the level of what you need to, as a president, do to take this fairly extraordinary step of federalizing National Guard members — again, when a governor doesn’t want you to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer homed in on that question of whether there was an ongoing inability to execute federal laws in L.A., noting that in mid-August, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem “announced that the immigration enforcement mission had succeeded: the administration had ‘Removed the Worst of the Worst Illegal Aliens,’ arresting ‘4,481 illegal aliens in the Los Angeles area’ since June 6.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In August of 2025, the situation in Los Angeles was calm,” Breyer wrote, adding that the administration at that point justified the extension of the deployment through Election Day by citing the June protests and a July incident in Ventura County — 50 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The October extension order, he wrote, was similarly justified based on past events, minor recent incidents and the situation in another state, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12052297\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12052297\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1328\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters stand off against California National Guard soldiers at the Federal Building in downtown Los Angeles during a “No Kings” protest on June 14, 2025. \u003ccite>(Richard Vogel/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Breyer noted that the law cited by the Trump administration states that the president may call up National Guard troops when he “is unable” to execute federal law, writing that it’s clear “that the word ‘is’ conveys the present tense,” and that mere risk of future violence cannot justify something as serious as using military troops to police civilians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is also a core right of the people to be able to gather in protest of their government and its policies — even when doing so is provocative, and even when doing so causes inconvenience,” Breyer wrote. “It is profoundly un-American to suggest that people peacefully exercising their fundamental right to protest constitute a risk justifying the federalization of military forces. Such logic, if accepted, would dangerously water down this precondition for federalization and run headfirst into the First Amendment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also deployed troops to Illinois, Oregon and Washington, D.C., over local objections. Lawsuits related to those cases are pending; the Illinois case is before the U.S. Supreme Court. California has filed in support of all of those cases, and also secured a ruling in October blocking the deployment of California National Guard troops to Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levinson said those cases will remain separate because the legality of the deployment hinges on the facts on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So these cases can’t really be consolidated,” she said. “This is not just a question of what does the law say. It’s a question of what does the law allow under different circumstances. … And so, what we see in all of these cases is federal judges looking at what’s actually happening. Are these protests turning violent? Can ICE agents execute immigration law?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Judge Charles Breyer in San Francisco rejected the government’s claims that troops are needed to enforce federal law. The Trump administration will have time to appeal.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge on Wednesday \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.450934/gov.uscourts.cand.450934.225.0_3.pdf\">ordered\u003c/a> President Donald Trump to end his deployment of 300 California National Guard troops to Los Angeles and return control to Gov. Gavin Newsom, ruling that there is no evidence to justify the ongoing military presence among civilians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling by U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer in San Francisco, which followed a Friday \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12066202/california-renews-push-to-bring-national-guard-back-under-newsoms-command\">hearing,\u003c/a> bluntly rejects the Trump administration’s argument that the troops’ presence in Los Angeles remains necessary in order to enforce federal laws and flatly dismisses their contention that the courts have no place to review such an order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The founders designed our government to be a system of checks and balances. Defendants, however, make clear that the only check they want is a blank one,” Breyer wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Six months after they first federalized the California National Guard, defendants still retain control of approximately 300 Guardsmen, despite no evidence that execution of federal law is impeded in any way — let alone significantly. What’s more, defendants have sent California Guardsmen into other states, effectively creating a national police force made up of state troops,” he added in his scathing opening remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California leaders celebrated the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once again, a court has firmly rejected the president’s attempt to make the National Guard a traveling national police force,” said Attorney General Rob Bonta. “The president is not king. And he cannot federalize the National Guard whenever, wherever, and for however long he wants, without justification. This is a good day for our democracy and the strength of the rule of law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12058864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12058864\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/RobBontaTrumpGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Attorney General Rob Bonta is briefed by members of his Civil Rights Enforcement Section on litigation challenging the Trump administration at his offices in downtown Los Angeles, California, on March 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Allen J. Schaben/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ruling will not take effect until Monday, giving the Trump administration time to appeal to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, which earlier this year \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043920/judge-weighs-californias-lawsuit-over-trumps-troop-deployment-in-la\">halted\u003c/a> a previous, temporary ruling by Breyer that also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043935/how-solid-is-californias-legal-case-against-trump-deploying-troops-to-la\">blocked the president from using the troops\u003c/a>. The appeals court later \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/06/9th-circuit-los-angeles-national-guard/\">ruled in favor\u003c/a> of the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court is also considering a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12054322/judge-rules-trump-violated-law-by-sending-troops-to-los-angeles\">separate decision\u003c/a> from Breyer that prohibited the administration from using troops to patrol civilians in L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice declined to comment on the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue in the current ruling is whether Trump had the authority to call up 300 members of the California National Guard over Newsom’s objections in June, amid immigration raids and subsequent protests in L.A. The state sued after that initial deployment. In August, the president extended the deployment through Nov. 4 — Election Day in California — and then, in October, moved again to lengthen the deployment through Feb. 2, 2026.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Loyola Law School professor Jessica Levinson said that although the 9th Circuit might accord the Trump administration more deference on appeal, Breyer’s order painstakingly spells out why the government has not met the necessary standard under the law it used to justify the deployment: that it was unable to execute federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have here is a decision that basically says the Trump administration doesn’t get to just point to statutory language and say that the conditions are satisfied,” she said. “And Judge Breyer spends a good deal of time in this 35-page decision saying, I think you are able to execute federal law through the regular forces. And what happened on the ground doesn’t rise to the level of what you need to, as a president, do to take this fairly extraordinary step of federalizing National Guard members — again, when a governor doesn’t want you to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer homed in on that question of whether there was an ongoing inability to execute federal laws in L.A., noting that in mid-August, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem “announced that the immigration enforcement mission had succeeded: the administration had ‘Removed the Worst of the Worst Illegal Aliens,’ arresting ‘4,481 illegal aliens in the Los Angeles area’ since June 6.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In August of 2025, the situation in Los Angeles was calm,” Breyer wrote, adding that the administration at that point justified the extension of the deployment through Election Day by citing the June protests and a July incident in Ventura County — 50 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The October extension order, he wrote, was similarly justified based on past events, minor recent incidents and the situation in another state, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12052297\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12052297\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1328\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/NationalGuardLAAP-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters stand off against California National Guard soldiers at the Federal Building in downtown Los Angeles during a “No Kings” protest on June 14, 2025. \u003ccite>(Richard Vogel/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Breyer noted that the law cited by the Trump administration states that the president may call up National Guard troops when he “is unable” to execute federal law, writing that it’s clear “that the word ‘is’ conveys the present tense,” and that mere risk of future violence cannot justify something as serious as using military troops to police civilians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is also a core right of the people to be able to gather in protest of their government and its policies — even when doing so is provocative, and even when doing so causes inconvenience,” Breyer wrote. “It is profoundly un-American to suggest that people peacefully exercising their fundamental right to protest constitute a risk justifying the federalization of military forces. Such logic, if accepted, would dangerously water down this precondition for federalization and run headfirst into the First Amendment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also deployed troops to Illinois, Oregon and Washington, D.C., over local objections. Lawsuits related to those cases are pending; the Illinois case is before the U.S. Supreme Court. California has filed in support of all of those cases, and also secured a ruling in October blocking the deployment of California National Guard troops to Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levinson said those cases will remain separate because the legality of the deployment hinges on the facts on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So these cases can’t really be consolidated,” she said. “This is not just a question of what does the law say. It’s a question of what does the law allow under different circumstances. … And so, what we see in all of these cases is federal judges looking at what’s actually happening. Are these protests turning violent? Can ICE agents execute immigration law?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "us-judge-hears-lawsuits-over-ice-arrests-at-courthouses-immigration-check-ins",
"title": "US Judge Hears Lawsuits Over ICE Arrests at Courthouses, Immigration Check-Ins",
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"headTitle": "US Judge Hears Lawsuits Over ICE Arrests at Courthouses, Immigration Check-Ins | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>After hearings on Tuesday in two related cases, a federal judge in San José is set to decide whether to temporarily block Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12056762/bay-area-immigrant-advocates-sue-the-trump-administration-to-end-courthouse-arrests\">arrests at immigration courthouses\u003c/a> and check-in appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge P. Casey Pitts quizzed lawyers for the government, as well as for the Bay Area civil rights organizations that brought the lawsuits alleging U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has essentially turned mandatory court hearings and ICE check-ins into traps — ensnaring people who are following the rules in hopes of winning a legal way to stay in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cases are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060821/bay-area-advocates-head-to-court-to-halt-trump-administrations-immigration-policies\">part of a larger legal pushback\u003c/a> by immigrant advocacy groups across the country, challenging the Trump administration’s aggressive immigration enforcement tactics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since May, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has been handcuffing asylum seekers and others in the halls of immigration courthouses and at required check-ins with ICE, resulting in more than 100 arrests in Northern and Central California. Many of those arrested had previously been granted conditional release and allowed to remain out of custody, typically after border agents had determined they were not dangerous and would show up for their hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers representing immigrants in the two cases argued that both the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://lccrsf.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-10-16-Dkt-No-94-705-Motion-Courthouse-Arrests.pdf&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1765332439579751&usg=AOvVaw2ilDpL-79bjt4YO7Bha2hI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">courthouse arrests\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.aclunc.org/sites/default/files/2025.10.16%2520%255B48%255D%2520Plts%2520705%2520Motion%2520to%2520Postpone%2520Effective%2520Date%2520of%2520Agency%2520Action%2520or%2520Preserve%2520Status%2520or%2520Rights.pdf&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1765332475568008&usg=AOvVaw1zmcS1lxWUxXtP8-mIRY04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rearrest of people\u003c/a> who had been previously released were unheard of before this year — and called the actions arbitrary and illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just imagine if the government changed a [policy] and all of a sudden you could be thrown in jail at any time. Imagine how that would harm you. That’s how it harms our clients,” said Bree Bernwanger, a senior staff attorney for the ACLU of Northern California, who is representing plaintiffs in the lawsuit challenging rearrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12063685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12063685\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator holds a sign reading “Santuario: Manteniendo Familias Unidas” (“Sanctuary: Keeping Families United”) during the Faith in Action “Walking Our Faith” vigil outside the San Francisco Immigration Court on Nov. 6, 2025. The multi-faith gathering called for compassion and protection for immigrant families. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She said the courthouse arrests — challenged in the other case, which was argued by attorneys with the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area — are also causing irreparable harm to people trying to defend themselves in immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an immigrant fails to appear for a hearing, they automatically lose their case and are ordered deported in absentia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs have asked Pitts, who was appointed to the bench by former President Joe Biden, to halt the arrests while the cases are decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the government argued that ICE has the authority to make arrests where and how the agency deems fit. They say new policies for\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/foia/policy/11072.4.pdf\"> ICE\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://perma.cc/S9CB-FP96\">immigration courts \u003c/a>that now deem arrests in or near courthouses acceptable simply reflect the will of voters who elected President Donald Trump on a promise to crack down on illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late May, ICE officials acknowledged the courthouse operations in a statement that read, in part: “Secretary Noem is reversing Biden’s catch and release policy that allowed millions of unvetted illegal aliens to be let loose on American streets. This Administration is once again implementing the rule of law.”[aside postID=news_12062774 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/CORECIVICCALCITY1-KQED.jpg']With regard to rearresting immigrants who are following the law and abiding by the terms of their release, the government lawyers deny there’s a new policy and say the Trump administration is simply reinterpreting the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bernwanger said the administration has radically reversed a four-decade-long policy of not redetaining immigrants unless there is a material change in their circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress has never interpreted the detention statutes that way,” she said. “Immigration agencies, under every prior president since these immigration statutes were enacted, have never interpreted the laws that way. And that’s because that’s just not what they say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cases are being heard at a time when California immigration lawyers say they are seeing another new and unprecedented trend: immigrants who are in the process of becoming legal U.S. residents being arrested when they attend their green card interviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last month, in a ruling on a separate part of the courthouse arrest case, Pitts ordered ICE to immediately improve the conditions in its short-term holding cells in downtown San Francisco, where the agency has begun detaining people for days at a time in a facility not meant for overnight use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detainees claimed the conditions were punishing and inhumane. Pitts agreed and ordered ICE to provide mattresses and clean bedding, hygiene supplies and medical care, and to dim the lights at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the current question of halting the arrests while the cases play out, Pitts said he will rule “as quickly as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After hearings on Tuesday in two related cases, a federal judge in San José is set to decide whether to temporarily block Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12056762/bay-area-immigrant-advocates-sue-the-trump-administration-to-end-courthouse-arrests\">arrests at immigration courthouses\u003c/a> and check-in appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge P. Casey Pitts quizzed lawyers for the government, as well as for the Bay Area civil rights organizations that brought the lawsuits alleging U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has essentially turned mandatory court hearings and ICE check-ins into traps — ensnaring people who are following the rules in hopes of winning a legal way to stay in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cases are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060821/bay-area-advocates-head-to-court-to-halt-trump-administrations-immigration-policies\">part of a larger legal pushback\u003c/a> by immigrant advocacy groups across the country, challenging the Trump administration’s aggressive immigration enforcement tactics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since May, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has been handcuffing asylum seekers and others in the halls of immigration courthouses and at required check-ins with ICE, resulting in more than 100 arrests in Northern and Central California. Many of those arrested had previously been granted conditional release and allowed to remain out of custody, typically after border agents had determined they were not dangerous and would show up for their hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers representing immigrants in the two cases argued that both the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://lccrsf.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-10-16-Dkt-No-94-705-Motion-Courthouse-Arrests.pdf&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1765332439579751&usg=AOvVaw2ilDpL-79bjt4YO7Bha2hI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">courthouse arrests\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.aclunc.org/sites/default/files/2025.10.16%2520%255B48%255D%2520Plts%2520705%2520Motion%2520to%2520Postpone%2520Effective%2520Date%2520of%2520Agency%2520Action%2520or%2520Preserve%2520Status%2520or%2520Rights.pdf&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1765332475568008&usg=AOvVaw1zmcS1lxWUxXtP8-mIRY04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rearrest of people\u003c/a> who had been previously released were unheard of before this year — and called the actions arbitrary and illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just imagine if the government changed a [policy] and all of a sudden you could be thrown in jail at any time. Imagine how that would harm you. That’s how it harms our clients,” said Bree Bernwanger, a senior staff attorney for the ACLU of Northern California, who is representing plaintiffs in the lawsuit challenging rearrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12063685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12063685\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator holds a sign reading “Santuario: Manteniendo Familias Unidas” (“Sanctuary: Keeping Families United”) during the Faith in Action “Walking Our Faith” vigil outside the San Francisco Immigration Court on Nov. 6, 2025. The multi-faith gathering called for compassion and protection for immigrant families. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She said the courthouse arrests — challenged in the other case, which was argued by attorneys with the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area — are also causing irreparable harm to people trying to defend themselves in immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an immigrant fails to appear for a hearing, they automatically lose their case and are ordered deported in absentia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs have asked Pitts, who was appointed to the bench by former President Joe Biden, to halt the arrests while the cases are decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the government argued that ICE has the authority to make arrests where and how the agency deems fit. They say new policies for\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/foia/policy/11072.4.pdf\"> ICE\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://perma.cc/S9CB-FP96\">immigration courts \u003c/a>that now deem arrests in or near courthouses acceptable simply reflect the will of voters who elected President Donald Trump on a promise to crack down on illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late May, ICE officials acknowledged the courthouse operations in a statement that read, in part: “Secretary Noem is reversing Biden’s catch and release policy that allowed millions of unvetted illegal aliens to be let loose on American streets. This Administration is once again implementing the rule of law.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>With regard to rearresting immigrants who are following the law and abiding by the terms of their release, the government lawyers deny there’s a new policy and say the Trump administration is simply reinterpreting the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bernwanger said the administration has radically reversed a four-decade-long policy of not redetaining immigrants unless there is a material change in their circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress has never interpreted the detention statutes that way,” she said. “Immigration agencies, under every prior president since these immigration statutes were enacted, have never interpreted the laws that way. And that’s because that’s just not what they say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cases are being heard at a time when California immigration lawyers say they are seeing another new and unprecedented trend: immigrants who are in the process of becoming legal U.S. residents being arrested when they attend their green card interviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last month, in a ruling on a separate part of the courthouse arrest case, Pitts ordered ICE to immediately improve the conditions in its short-term holding cells in downtown San Francisco, where the agency has begun detaining people for days at a time in a facility not meant for overnight use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detainees claimed the conditions were punishing and inhumane. Pitts agreed and ordered ICE to provide mattresses and clean bedding, hygiene supplies and medical care, and to dim the lights at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the current question of halting the arrests while the cases play out, Pitts said he will rule “as quickly as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco is looking to strengthen its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12027607/sfs-long-history-as-sanctuary-city-faces-renewed-challenges-under-trump\">sanctuary city status\u003c/a> by prohibiting federal law enforcement agencies from using city-owned properties for immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new proposal from Supervisor Bilal Mahmood comes amid an uptick in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) activity both locally and around the country, and just weeks after San Francisco narrowly averted President Donald Trump’s call for a federal immigration surge in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t blur the lines between local government and federal immigration enforcement,” Mahmood, who is the son of immigrants, said at a press conference on Tuesday. “It is our job to deliver services. It is our job to make residents feel they can trust us. And it is our job to make sure that this city works for everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed legislation would block agencies like ICE from using city-owned buildings, parks and even parking lots for anything that could disrupt public services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would also amend San Francisco’s Administrative Code to clarify that federal immigration enforcement is not a city purpose, and allow the city attorney to take legal action for unauthorized use of city property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities with dense immigrant populations, like San José, have similarly sought to create so-called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060893/south-bay-leaders-aim-to-create-ice-free-zones\">ICE-free zones\u003c/a>” in the wake of rising deportations and increased immigration raids across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066528\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066528\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/ChyanneChenKQED1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/ChyanneChenKQED1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/ChyanneChenKQED1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/ChyanneChenKQED1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A proposal co-sponsored by Supervisor Chyanne Chen and written by City Attorney David Chiu goes to the Board of Supervisors in January. It would let the city attorney take legal action if federal agents use city property for unauthorized purposes, including immigration enforcement. \u003ccite>(Sydney Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco would be among the first cities in the nation to codify what federal law enforcement can and cannot do on city properties, which Mahmood said gives the proposal stronger teeth than some approaches other cities are taking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other actions that we’ve heard about across the country that we learned from were non-binding resolutions, or they were executive orders by the respective mayor,” Mahmood said. “Here, as a legislative body, we are taking action to make this into law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also recently moved to bar law enforcement, including ICE agents, from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12059088/masking-law-just-part-of-bigger-fight-over-immigration-enforcement\">wearing masks during operations\u003c/a>; however, the Trump administration is fighting the ban in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our immigration unit sees the human costs of detention and deportation every single day. People are taken from their families with little warning, held in remote facilities, and forced to navigate a system where due process is far from assured,” said San Francisco Public Defender Mano Raju, who is supporting the legislation.[aside postID=news_12065708 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250325-ApartmentsonWestside-06-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg']Mayor Daniel Lurie, who has refrained from mentioning Trump by name, recently helped the city navigate the president’s threats to send in the National Guard and other federal agencies to carry out a large-scale federal immigration crackdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lurie, along with wealthy billionaires like Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff and Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang, managed to convince the president to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061209/lurie-trump-is-calling-off-plans-to-send-federal-troops-to-san-francisco\">hold off on sending troops\u003c/a> directly to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But federal immigration enforcement has increased overall this year. Arrests outside the city’s immigration court and high-profile incidents, like when a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12047397/ice-officers-drive-through-protesters-trying-to-stop-arrest-at-sf-immigration-court\">van drove through a group\u003c/a> of anti-ICE protestors, have all led to rising tensions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Tuesday’s press conference, Mahmood and other immigrant advocates said many of the communities they serve are fearful of escalating ICE arrests and other demonstrations of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahmood, whose district includes the Tenderloin, where many immigrant families live, explained how undocumented families have stayed home from school, work, medical appointments or other public services to avoid encountering immigration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12028393\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Public Defender Mano Raju speaks at a rally protesting Mayor Daniel Lurie’s attempt to remove Max Carter-Oberstone from the Police Commission on the steps of San Francisco City Hall, on Feb. 24, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco works best when people can move through our city without fear,” Raju said. “The ICE-free zones ordinance reinforces that vision by making clear that city property cannot be repurposed in ways that create fear or that undermine the trust our communities place in public institutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly four in five Chinatown residents are also immigrants, according to Annie Lee, managing director for policy at Chinese for Affirmative Action, which is based in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigrant safety must be paramount for San Francisco because immigrants are our neighbors, they are our friends, they are our students. They drive our buses, deliver mail, they open the shops and the restaurants that we love,” Lee said at the press conference. “They make up the very fabric of this city, which has long been a beacon around the world as a place of opportunity, freedom and inclusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, which was co-sponsored by Supervisor Chyanne Chen and written by City Attorney David Chiu, is expected to go before the full Board of Supervisors for a vote in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco is looking to strengthen its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12027607/sfs-long-history-as-sanctuary-city-faces-renewed-challenges-under-trump\">sanctuary city status\u003c/a> by prohibiting federal law enforcement agencies from using city-owned properties for immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new proposal from Supervisor Bilal Mahmood comes amid an uptick in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) activity both locally and around the country, and just weeks after San Francisco narrowly averted President Donald Trump’s call for a federal immigration surge in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t blur the lines between local government and federal immigration enforcement,” Mahmood, who is the son of immigrants, said at a press conference on Tuesday. “It is our job to deliver services. It is our job to make residents feel they can trust us. And it is our job to make sure that this city works for everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed legislation would block agencies like ICE from using city-owned buildings, parks and even parking lots for anything that could disrupt public services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would also amend San Francisco’s Administrative Code to clarify that federal immigration enforcement is not a city purpose, and allow the city attorney to take legal action for unauthorized use of city property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities with dense immigrant populations, like San José, have similarly sought to create so-called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060893/south-bay-leaders-aim-to-create-ice-free-zones\">ICE-free zones\u003c/a>” in the wake of rising deportations and increased immigration raids across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066528\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066528\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/ChyanneChenKQED1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/ChyanneChenKQED1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/ChyanneChenKQED1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/ChyanneChenKQED1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A proposal co-sponsored by Supervisor Chyanne Chen and written by City Attorney David Chiu goes to the Board of Supervisors in January. It would let the city attorney take legal action if federal agents use city property for unauthorized purposes, including immigration enforcement. \u003ccite>(Sydney Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco would be among the first cities in the nation to codify what federal law enforcement can and cannot do on city properties, which Mahmood said gives the proposal stronger teeth than some approaches other cities are taking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other actions that we’ve heard about across the country that we learned from were non-binding resolutions, or they were executive orders by the respective mayor,” Mahmood said. “Here, as a legislative body, we are taking action to make this into law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also recently moved to bar law enforcement, including ICE agents, from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12059088/masking-law-just-part-of-bigger-fight-over-immigration-enforcement\">wearing masks during operations\u003c/a>; however, the Trump administration is fighting the ban in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our immigration unit sees the human costs of detention and deportation every single day. People are taken from their families with little warning, held in remote facilities, and forced to navigate a system where due process is far from assured,” said San Francisco Public Defender Mano Raju, who is supporting the legislation.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Mayor Daniel Lurie, who has refrained from mentioning Trump by name, recently helped the city navigate the president’s threats to send in the National Guard and other federal agencies to carry out a large-scale federal immigration crackdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lurie, along with wealthy billionaires like Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff and Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang, managed to convince the president to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061209/lurie-trump-is-calling-off-plans-to-send-federal-troops-to-san-francisco\">hold off on sending troops\u003c/a> directly to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But federal immigration enforcement has increased overall this year. Arrests outside the city’s immigration court and high-profile incidents, like when a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12047397/ice-officers-drive-through-protesters-trying-to-stop-arrest-at-sf-immigration-court\">van drove through a group\u003c/a> of anti-ICE protestors, have all led to rising tensions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Tuesday’s press conference, Mahmood and other immigrant advocates said many of the communities they serve are fearful of escalating ICE arrests and other demonstrations of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahmood, whose district includes the Tenderloin, where many immigrant families live, explained how undocumented families have stayed home from school, work, medical appointments or other public services to avoid encountering immigration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12028393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12028393\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/250224-SFPD-POLICE-COMMISSIONER-PROTEST-MD-23-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Public Defender Mano Raju speaks at a rally protesting Mayor Daniel Lurie’s attempt to remove Max Carter-Oberstone from the Police Commission on the steps of San Francisco City Hall, on Feb. 24, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco works best when people can move through our city without fear,” Raju said. “The ICE-free zones ordinance reinforces that vision by making clear that city property cannot be repurposed in ways that create fear or that undermine the trust our communities place in public institutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly four in five Chinatown residents are also immigrants, according to Annie Lee, managing director for policy at Chinese for Affirmative Action, which is based in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigrant safety must be paramount for San Francisco because immigrants are our neighbors, they are our friends, they are our students. They drive our buses, deliver mail, they open the shops and the restaurants that we love,” Lee said at the press conference. “They make up the very fabric of this city, which has long been a beacon around the world as a place of opportunity, freedom and inclusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, which was co-sponsored by Supervisor Chyanne Chen and written by City Attorney David Chiu, is expected to go before the full Board of Supervisors for a vote in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "as-immigration-enforcement-escalates-how-one-south-bay-priest-is-pushing-back",
"title": "As Immigration Enforcement Escalates, How One South Bay Priest Is Pushing Back",
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"headTitle": "As Immigration Enforcement Escalates, How One South Bay Priest Is Pushing Back | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan data-slate-fragment=\"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\">Inside Our Lady of Guadalupe Parish — home to historic farmworker organizing in East San Jose — we sit down with Father Jon Pedigo, a Catholic priest in the South Bay, to talk about the role of faith and houses of worship under the Trump Administration, what he’s seen in his primarily Spanish-speaking communities, and why he’s leaving the pulpit to become a full-time organizer. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, San Francisco-Northern California Local.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC6411062460&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:00:00] I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra and welcome to the Bay, local news to keep you rooted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:00:07] I was at St. Lucy’s and it was after Mass. And this lady, you know, comes up and says, I need a blessing, I need a blessing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:00:17] This is Father John Pedigo. He’s a Catholic priest who’s worked as a pastor in the South Bay for decades, primarily in Spanish-speaking communities in Campbell, Morgan Hill, and San Jose. Communities that have now been hit hard by President Donald Trump’s immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:00:39] Her son has been taken from her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:00:42] Taken by immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:00:43] Taken by immigration, deta detained. They’ve she’s given no information about it. She’s desperate. And so she’s wailing. But what do you say to her? You as a priest. Right. As a priest you say, I need to just h I need to hold the space with you. I need to cry with you. I need to just hold the space. And I ask people to come up and just kind of hold her in prayer. So they’re kind of h putting her hands on her shoulder and praying with her. I mean that’s all really you can kind of do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:01:10] Father John knows that faith leaders and houses of worship have an important role to play in moments like this. Moments of political and social chaos, where people are afraid, want to be consoled, and are seeking a sense of safety and community. He’s also someone who wrestles with the limits of his work at the church pulpit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:01:39] For me, I found it I needed more than the sacramental and the pastoral dimension of holding a person who is inconsolable. There has to also be about getting people to think about how are we building power in our neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:01:59] When President Trump began his second term, Father John committed himself to do more, taking his faith and the stories from people in his ministry with him to step up his community organizing. So today we sit with Father John Pedigo and talk with him about the role of faith leaders when immigrants are under attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:02:33] My name’s Father John Pedigo. I’m the executive director of People Acting in Community Together, Pact. We’re at our Lady of Guadalupe Parish. It’s in the east side, the heart of East Side San Jose, in the former neighborhood called Sal Si Puedes, meaning “get out if you can” neighborhood. We call it now the Mayfair neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:02:51] What was it called?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:02:52] What is well Sal Si Puedes means that it was one of the last places in Santa Clara County to have pavement and sewage. It was former farm workers that are here and they didn’t really have the resources like other parts of San Jose. And so when it would rain, it would be this mud that you couldn’t get out. So they always say, Leave if you can, sal si puedes – get out if you can. When Dolores Huerta came here with Cesar Chavez – his organizing roots are here in San Jose East Side – that phrase Sal Si Puede they turn it around to say si se puede.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066648\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066648\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00002_TV_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00002_TV_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00002_TV_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00002_TV_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mural decorates the exterior of Our Lady of Guadalupe Church, where Father Jon Pedigo has worked as a priest, at 2020 East San Antonio Street in San Jose on December 3, 2025. Father Jon Pedigo, a priest who has worked with immigrant communities affected by ICE raids and deportations, is leaving his full time job as a priest to be a full time organizer. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:03:46] I wanna step back and really like sort of help people to understand the particular community that we’re that we’re in, who you serve and and just like a little bit more about who you are. We’re in Mayfair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:04:00] We’re in the Mayfair community, right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:04:01] Mayfair community in East San Jose, predominantly immigrant community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:04:05] Primarily Spanish speaking monolingual community in East Side is a heart of the East Side and it has always been a place where Spanish speaking folks will come. So when I was a pastor here a few years ago, it was predominantly Mexican immigrants with a few Chicanos that were old farm worker families. So we have an English mass, but then we were getting at the Spanish Mass is a lot of new folks from Mexico. Then we started when I was here, we started to see more Central Americans. Now we’re seeing a lot more people from Colombia, Venezuela, Honduras, Salvador. So immigration reform has always been a huge issue here. Education of children has been a an another large issue in health. You know, public safety and health are our big issues of the people that are here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:04:55] How long have you been sort of rooted in this community?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:05:00] Late nineties maybe?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:05:01] Okay, a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:05:02] This has been a long time. It’s been a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:05:05] I I don’t imagine most priests come into this work because of an interest in immigration, but how did how did that sort of happen for you? Was that always the case that immigration has been part of your work as a priest or\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:05:23] No, strangely no. When I first started, it was not an issue. So I was ordained in ninety-one. I was in Morgan Hill. We were just I was just working with the Spanish speaking community and it was English and English community and Spanish speaking community. And it was mostly just people wanting to just get along and be be part of the community. People were looking to integrate and not forget their roots. And over t just just a few short years, everything became really racialized. And it was like very anti-immigrant or anti-Mexican. And that just became more and more anti-immigrant as the years went on. So I was in it because I was working with the working partnerships, USA. I was one of the clergy members of their board and we did a lot of work with hotel workers, most were immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066649\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066649\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00063_TV_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00063_TV_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00063_TV_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00063_TV_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Our Lady of Guadalupe Church is located at 2020 East San Antonio Street in San Jose on December 3, 2025. Father Jon Pedigo, a priest who has worked with immigrant communities affected by ICE raids and deportations, is leaving his full time job as a priest to be a full time organizer. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:06:12] But why? Was it just ’cause it was your community?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:06:16] Well, my mother asked the same question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:06:19] Like why do immigration work on top of being a priest or\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:06:24] It’s you can’t really do at least when you’re working, at least as I was working, I didn’t really see a division between that, is because whatever the needs of the people are, that’s my needs. So whatever their worries are, those are my worries. Whatever their joys are, those are my joys. As a priest, we believe in the spiritual dimension of sacramental life, meaning that that it’s the divine is you disclose in ordinary, everyday things that we do. The the divine emerges from the hearts of the people. My first week at St. Catharine’s was I learned to do one-to-one. So first thing I did is like knock on doors and just get to know people. I I had a dinner and a dessert meeting with two different families. One was in Coyote Valley. There’s some farm labor camps that are in that area. And one of these small camps was a very wonderful, beautiful family that had tons of kids, they’re all super smart kids, wonderful kids, but they lived in this kind of farm worker house, which was like cardboard and plywood, and they had the most delicious food. They’re all laughing, they’re all talking, all the kids are present. It was really wonderful. Then I says, Okay, I gotta I gotta go to another one-to-one, which is up in the Holiday Lakes Estates. Which was in Morgan Hill. It’s a very nicey nice houses and go to this house. You had to walk over a bridge because they had a stream in front of their house. You go in, you take your shoes off, and you kind of meet the people. They had nice soft jazz playing. And then they their teenage and college age kids are sitting there very poised in nice shirts and you know, clothes, and they’re all sitting there around in a circle in the in the living room. So you gotta talk to the parents and they said, Oh, I want you to talk to young people. And it was it was very different experience because they had -.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:08:16] Night and day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:08:18] Night and day. And I realized that that was for me showing that a lot of the Spanish speaking people and the English speaking people, though they were at the same table at the church, they really were in different dimensions of realities. My mom grew up as a farm worker in Hawaii. So I’m half Asian. And so I ex experienced some other racial issues that my mom would speak about when she would work for the government. She worked for the government for a while, and and I don’t think she was thinking that she was kind of raising me to be radical. These are just regular t you know, talk story. You know, in Hawaii, you just hang around talk story. And and just kind of the vibe and the feeling of what happens when you’re having conversations with people, getting to know them and and talk to them and hearing what their stories are. And I brought that into ministry with me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:09:15] Was there a moment within this last year that you realized that this was gonna be a particularly chaotic, scary, frightening year for the community that you serve here in San Jose?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:09:35] I would after the election, lead and facilitate healing circles here in the neighborhood, here in the in the Mayfair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:09:43] What was that like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:09:46] It was humbling because people really, really, really fearful about what’s happening. So people in different organizations and different collectives, one of the schools, they asked if I would come in and just sort of work with the kids or work with the the staff or work with the population. So they can process some of their issues and what’s going on. What are you feeling? I had one small healing circle at Saint Lucy’s. It was requested by the teenagers because they’re they were concerned about their moms. And so what we did is we kind of sat everyone in a circle and then we just had people share briefly what’s going on. And then we broke into small groups and just said, All right, let’s pretend that we’re family. How are we having this conversation? Someone’s having to go, you know, back to wherever they’re coming from. How are you breaking the news?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:10:36] Oh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:10:37] To each other and what are you all feeling? And so they break broke into small groups. Like there was someone that was assigned the role of a mother, and then three were assigned the roles of of a of of kids. It’s intense. It was very yeah, it was intense. It was real sad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066651\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066651\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00035_TV_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00035_TV_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00035_TV_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00035_TV_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Father Jon Pedigo poses for a portrait at Our Lady of Guadalupe Church where he has worked as a priest, at 2020 East San Antonio Street in San Jose on December 3, 2025. Father Jon Pedigo, a priest who has worked with immigrant communities affected by ICE raids and deportations, is leaving his full time job as a priest to be a full time organizer. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:10:51] But I’m getting the sense that in some ways you found your role as a priest a bit limiting, maybe in this for this moment that we’re in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:11:02] Very limiting. I think there’s there’s very limiting. I think that some would say, No, that’s what you do as a priest. It’s all you and that is what is fully expected of you. For me, I found it I needed more than the sacramental and the pastoral dimension of holding a person who is inconsolable. And I said, God, I am right now working full-time in a parish. And I said, I there has to be something more to helping people make real decisions, to to to move them from, you know, isolation, desperation, and fear into realizing their own potential, their inner potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:11:46] Did you did you not feel like you could do that at the pulpit, on church? I could\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:11:52] I keep it I was I was getting push back from the English speaking community on it, and even the Spanish because it’s really difficult because people also want us to be comforted. I look at sacred text and I ask where is the liberation message here? What’s the where are people being freed? You know, listening and bringing people into community and that’s really important. But you need to also have a focus and an effort to take people to that next level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:12:27] In March of this year, Father Jon got permission to leave his job as a parochial vicar at St. Lucie Parish in Campbell to work instead as a full-time executive director at the multi-faith community organization called PACT, or People Acting in Community Together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:12:53] How different is what you’re what you’re doing now with PACT with these other community organizations and religious organizations? How is it different than the work that you were doing as a priest in terms of helping the immigrant community here in San Jose?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:13:09] So my work now is really focused on building power. That means that this craziness is gonna come to an end. And at the end of when it happens, are we gonna be in a position where we don’t repeat the same cycle to get us in this mess again? So the first thing is you gotta get people to kind of get to that place, to see themselves different. So that we do that in in our leadership development, and then we get them to start working with other people, to start organizing with other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:13:41] Any specific issues that you’re you’re pushing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:13:44] One of the big things is is universal legal representation. People without a lawyer are ten and a half times more likely to, you know, get out. And so all this illegality that’s going on, people not being presented with a warrant, there’s no way there to kind of bring this to the front. And so we’re working with members of the board of supervisors, working with members of the state senate, we’re looking with assembly members to you know look at this issue and how do we how do we structure it so it’s sustainable? The other piece is activating faith communities to be accompaniment teams. Accompaniment teams can do a bunch of different things, and we train different teams to handle different kinds of problems. And so there’s one team that works with a simple walking with people and helping them get connected to social services that they qualify for. Other forms of accompaniment can be going with somebody to court to an immigration check-in because you need to have people there showing that you have community support. It’s they’re less less likely to be taken away when you have a lot of people there. And so we’re now in the process of working with faith communities who have chosen to do one or more dimensions of accompaniment, and we’re opening that up even more. But it’s just basic organizing. And when you do that, with the belief that God wants you to do it, you’re you’re and there’s no stopping you because you’re already you’re already in a value based system where you believe the divine spark is the energy that’s moving you forward. Ain’t no one gonna stop you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:15:13] It is a lot more work than I’d ever expect a priest to do. But at the end of the day you’re still a priest. And i it seems like there is still a very important role that churches, houses of worship, faith leaders can play in this moment. How w what do you think is the role of a faith leader in times like these?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:15:39] As a minister, as a priest, as a rabbi, we all understand there is a power in community, that people need to connect to each other, and that we need to support the weaker link. We need to challenge the missing link. We need to invite and heal. I think that if faith communities are going to be relevant in the future, they need to be sure they’re damn well sure they’re they’re convening people, they’re facilitating conversations. They are not trying to create litmus tests on who belongs to my network, who doesn’t belong to my network. People aren’t asking that question. They’re saying, who is going to be ready to be with me and stand up with me and help me? Churches need to do that as well. Synagogues need to do that, and all the different temples need to do that. Songhas need to do that. We all need to figure out how do we get on board together. Believing that there is a divine spark in every human being, believing in the power of the divine to shape, change, and transform the person and society, knowing that with the divine, with God, all things are possible.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:00:07] I was at St. Lucy’s and it was after Mass. And this lady, you know, comes up and says, I need a blessing, I need a blessing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:00:17] This is Father John Pedigo. He’s a Catholic priest who’s worked as a pastor in the South Bay for decades, primarily in Spanish-speaking communities in Campbell, Morgan Hill, and San Jose. Communities that have now been hit hard by President Donald Trump’s immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:00:39] Her son has been taken from her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:00:42] Taken by immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:00:43] Taken by immigration, deta detained. They’ve she’s given no information about it. She’s desperate. And so she’s wailing. But what do you say to her? You as a priest. Right. As a priest you say, I need to just h I need to hold the space with you. I need to cry with you. I need to just hold the space. And I ask people to come up and just kind of hold her in prayer. So they’re kind of h putting her hands on her shoulder and praying with her. I mean that’s all really you can kind of do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:01:10] Father John knows that faith leaders and houses of worship have an important role to play in moments like this. Moments of political and social chaos, where people are afraid, want to be consoled, and are seeking a sense of safety and community. He’s also someone who wrestles with the limits of his work at the church pulpit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:01:39] For me, I found it I needed more than the sacramental and the pastoral dimension of holding a person who is inconsolable. There has to also be about getting people to think about how are we building power in our neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:01:59] When President Trump began his second term, Father John committed himself to do more, taking his faith and the stories from people in his ministry with him to step up his community organizing. So today we sit with Father John Pedigo and talk with him about the role of faith leaders when immigrants are under attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:02:33] My name’s Father John Pedigo. I’m the executive director of People Acting in Community Together, Pact. We’re at our Lady of Guadalupe Parish. It’s in the east side, the heart of East Side San Jose, in the former neighborhood called Sal Si Puedes, meaning “get out if you can” neighborhood. We call it now the Mayfair neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:02:51] What was it called?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:02:52] What is well Sal Si Puedes means that it was one of the last places in Santa Clara County to have pavement and sewage. It was former farm workers that are here and they didn’t really have the resources like other parts of San Jose. And so when it would rain, it would be this mud that you couldn’t get out. So they always say, Leave if you can, sal si puedes – get out if you can. When Dolores Huerta came here with Cesar Chavez – his organizing roots are here in San Jose East Side – that phrase Sal Si Puede they turn it around to say si se puede.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066648\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066648\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00002_TV_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00002_TV_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00002_TV_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00002_TV_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mural decorates the exterior of Our Lady of Guadalupe Church, where Father Jon Pedigo has worked as a priest, at 2020 East San Antonio Street in San Jose on December 3, 2025. Father Jon Pedigo, a priest who has worked with immigrant communities affected by ICE raids and deportations, is leaving his full time job as a priest to be a full time organizer. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:03:46] I wanna step back and really like sort of help people to understand the particular community that we’re that we’re in, who you serve and and just like a little bit more about who you are. We’re in Mayfair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:04:00] We’re in the Mayfair community, right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:04:01] Mayfair community in East San Jose, predominantly immigrant community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:04:05] Primarily Spanish speaking monolingual community in East Side is a heart of the East Side and it has always been a place where Spanish speaking folks will come. So when I was a pastor here a few years ago, it was predominantly Mexican immigrants with a few Chicanos that were old farm worker families. So we have an English mass, but then we were getting at the Spanish Mass is a lot of new folks from Mexico. Then we started when I was here, we started to see more Central Americans. Now we’re seeing a lot more people from Colombia, Venezuela, Honduras, Salvador. So immigration reform has always been a huge issue here. Education of children has been a an another large issue in health. You know, public safety and health are our big issues of the people that are here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:04:55] How long have you been sort of rooted in this community?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:05:00] Late nineties maybe?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:05:01] Okay, a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:05:02] This has been a long time. It’s been a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:05:05] I I don’t imagine most priests come into this work because of an interest in immigration, but how did how did that sort of happen for you? Was that always the case that immigration has been part of your work as a priest or\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:05:23] No, strangely no. When I first started, it was not an issue. So I was ordained in ninety-one. I was in Morgan Hill. We were just I was just working with the Spanish speaking community and it was English and English community and Spanish speaking community. And it was mostly just people wanting to just get along and be be part of the community. People were looking to integrate and not forget their roots. And over t just just a few short years, everything became really racialized. And it was like very anti-immigrant or anti-Mexican. And that just became more and more anti-immigrant as the years went on. So I was in it because I was working with the working partnerships, USA. I was one of the clergy members of their board and we did a lot of work with hotel workers, most were immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066649\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066649\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00063_TV_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00063_TV_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00063_TV_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00063_TV_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Our Lady of Guadalupe Church is located at 2020 East San Antonio Street in San Jose on December 3, 2025. Father Jon Pedigo, a priest who has worked with immigrant communities affected by ICE raids and deportations, is leaving his full time job as a priest to be a full time organizer. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:06:12] But why? Was it just ’cause it was your community?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:06:16] Well, my mother asked the same question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:06:19] Like why do immigration work on top of being a priest or\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:06:24] It’s you can’t really do at least when you’re working, at least as I was working, I didn’t really see a division between that, is because whatever the needs of the people are, that’s my needs. So whatever their worries are, those are my worries. Whatever their joys are, those are my joys. As a priest, we believe in the spiritual dimension of sacramental life, meaning that that it’s the divine is you disclose in ordinary, everyday things that we do. The the divine emerges from the hearts of the people. My first week at St. Catharine’s was I learned to do one-to-one. So first thing I did is like knock on doors and just get to know people. I I had a dinner and a dessert meeting with two different families. One was in Coyote Valley. There’s some farm labor camps that are in that area. And one of these small camps was a very wonderful, beautiful family that had tons of kids, they’re all super smart kids, wonderful kids, but they lived in this kind of farm worker house, which was like cardboard and plywood, and they had the most delicious food. They’re all laughing, they’re all talking, all the kids are present. It was really wonderful. Then I says, Okay, I gotta I gotta go to another one-to-one, which is up in the Holiday Lakes Estates. Which was in Morgan Hill. It’s a very nicey nice houses and go to this house. You had to walk over a bridge because they had a stream in front of their house. You go in, you take your shoes off, and you kind of meet the people. They had nice soft jazz playing. And then they their teenage and college age kids are sitting there very poised in nice shirts and you know, clothes, and they’re all sitting there around in a circle in the in the living room. So you gotta talk to the parents and they said, Oh, I want you to talk to young people. And it was it was very different experience because they had -.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:08:16] Night and day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:08:18] Night and day. And I realized that that was for me showing that a lot of the Spanish speaking people and the English speaking people, though they were at the same table at the church, they really were in different dimensions of realities. My mom grew up as a farm worker in Hawaii. So I’m half Asian. And so I ex experienced some other racial issues that my mom would speak about when she would work for the government. She worked for the government for a while, and and I don’t think she was thinking that she was kind of raising me to be radical. These are just regular t you know, talk story. You know, in Hawaii, you just hang around talk story. And and just kind of the vibe and the feeling of what happens when you’re having conversations with people, getting to know them and and talk to them and hearing what their stories are. And I brought that into ministry with me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:09:15] Was there a moment within this last year that you realized that this was gonna be a particularly chaotic, scary, frightening year for the community that you serve here in San Jose?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:09:35] I would after the election, lead and facilitate healing circles here in the neighborhood, here in the in the Mayfair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:09:43] What was that like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:09:46] It was humbling because people really, really, really fearful about what’s happening. So people in different organizations and different collectives, one of the schools, they asked if I would come in and just sort of work with the kids or work with the the staff or work with the population. So they can process some of their issues and what’s going on. What are you feeling? I had one small healing circle at Saint Lucy’s. It was requested by the teenagers because they’re they were concerned about their moms. And so what we did is we kind of sat everyone in a circle and then we just had people share briefly what’s going on. And then we broke into small groups and just said, All right, let’s pretend that we’re family. How are we having this conversation? Someone’s having to go, you know, back to wherever they’re coming from. How are you breaking the news?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:10:36] Oh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:10:37] To each other and what are you all feeling? And so they break broke into small groups. Like there was someone that was assigned the role of a mother, and then three were assigned the roles of of a of of kids. It’s intense. It was very yeah, it was intense. It was real sad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12066651\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12066651\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00035_TV_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00035_TV_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00035_TV_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251203-sjpriestimmigration00035_TV_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Father Jon Pedigo poses for a portrait at Our Lady of Guadalupe Church where he has worked as a priest, at 2020 East San Antonio Street in San Jose on December 3, 2025. Father Jon Pedigo, a priest who has worked with immigrant communities affected by ICE raids and deportations, is leaving his full time job as a priest to be a full time organizer. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:10:51] But I’m getting the sense that in some ways you found your role as a priest a bit limiting, maybe in this for this moment that we’re in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:11:02] Very limiting. I think there’s there’s very limiting. I think that some would say, No, that’s what you do as a priest. It’s all you and that is what is fully expected of you. For me, I found it I needed more than the sacramental and the pastoral dimension of holding a person who is inconsolable. And I said, God, I am right now working full-time in a parish. And I said, I there has to be something more to helping people make real decisions, to to to move them from, you know, isolation, desperation, and fear into realizing their own potential, their inner potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:11:46] Did you did you not feel like you could do that at the pulpit, on church? I could\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:11:52] I keep it I was I was getting push back from the English speaking community on it, and even the Spanish because it’s really difficult because people also want us to be comforted. I look at sacred text and I ask where is the liberation message here? What’s the where are people being freed? You know, listening and bringing people into community and that’s really important. But you need to also have a focus and an effort to take people to that next level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:12:27] In March of this year, Father Jon got permission to leave his job as a parochial vicar at St. Lucie Parish in Campbell to work instead as a full-time executive director at the multi-faith community organization called PACT, or People Acting in Community Together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:12:53] How different is what you’re what you’re doing now with PACT with these other community organizations and religious organizations? How is it different than the work that you were doing as a priest in terms of helping the immigrant community here in San Jose?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:13:09] So my work now is really focused on building power. That means that this craziness is gonna come to an end. And at the end of when it happens, are we gonna be in a position where we don’t repeat the same cycle to get us in this mess again? So the first thing is you gotta get people to kind of get to that place, to see themselves different. So that we do that in in our leadership development, and then we get them to start working with other people, to start organizing with other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:13:41] Any specific issues that you’re you’re pushing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:13:44] One of the big things is is universal legal representation. People without a lawyer are ten and a half times more likely to, you know, get out. And so all this illegality that’s going on, people not being presented with a warrant, there’s no way there to kind of bring this to the front. And so we’re working with members of the board of supervisors, working with members of the state senate, we’re looking with assembly members to you know look at this issue and how do we how do we structure it so it’s sustainable? The other piece is activating faith communities to be accompaniment teams. Accompaniment teams can do a bunch of different things, and we train different teams to handle different kinds of problems. And so there’s one team that works with a simple walking with people and helping them get connected to social services that they qualify for. Other forms of accompaniment can be going with somebody to court to an immigration check-in because you need to have people there showing that you have community support. It’s they’re less less likely to be taken away when you have a lot of people there. And so we’re now in the process of working with faith communities who have chosen to do one or more dimensions of accompaniment, and we’re opening that up even more. But it’s just basic organizing. And when you do that, with the belief that God wants you to do it, you’re you’re and there’s no stopping you because you’re already you’re already in a value based system where you believe the divine spark is the energy that’s moving you forward. Ain’t no one gonna stop you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra \u003c/strong>[00:15:13] It is a lot more work than I’d ever expect a priest to do. But at the end of the day you’re still a priest. And i it seems like there is still a very important role that churches, houses of worship, faith leaders can play in this moment. How w what do you think is the role of a faith leader in times like these?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fr. Jon Pedigo \u003c/strong>[00:15:39] As a minister, as a priest, as a rabbi, we all understand there is a power in community, that people need to connect to each other, and that we need to support the weaker link. We need to challenge the missing link. We need to invite and heal. I think that if faith communities are going to be relevant in the future, they need to be sure they’re damn well sure they’re they’re convening people, they’re facilitating conversations. They are not trying to create litmus tests on who belongs to my network, who doesn’t belong to my network. People aren’t asking that question. They’re saying, who is going to be ready to be with me and stand up with me and help me? Churches need to do that as well. Synagogues need to do that, and all the different temples need to do that. Songhas need to do that. We all need to figure out how do we get on board together. Believing that there is a divine spark in every human being, believing in the power of the divine to shape, change, and transform the person and society, knowing that with the divine, with God, all things are possible.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will\">More than 170 American citizens\u003c/a> have been detained during raids by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, as well as during protests, according to an October investigation by \u003cem>ProPublica\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the detained were nearly 20 children. In some cases, citizens have been held for 24 hours without being able to call a lawyer or a loved one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of potential legal recourse, the threat of mistakenly being taken into ICE detention — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12047506/searching-for-a-loved-one-in-ice-custody-heres-what-you-need-to-know\">potentially disappearing into labyrinthine immigration custody\u003c/a> — has \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskUS/comments/1m0w113/how_many_of_you_are_carrying_your_us_passport/\">some\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@imalawyerinreallife/video/7463630715998162222\">U.S. citizens\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/16/us/immigration-citizens-carrying-passports\">wondering\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/immigration/comments/1i8n698/lpt_us_citizens_who_are_brown_should_carry_their/\">online\u003c/a> if they should carry their passport or other documents with them to prove their citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will\">the 50 American citizens \u003cem>ProPublica\u003c/em> found who were held \u003cem>after\u003c/em> immigration agents questioned their citizenship\u003c/a>, almost all were Latino. This fall, a Supreme Court decision allows \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/25a169_5h25.pdf\">immigration agents to consider race\u003c/a> during sweeps in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So amid the efforts of President Donald Trump’s administration to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060135/families-once-torn-apart-at-border-face-renewed-threat-of-separation\">ramp up\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12058936/masking-bill-fuels-california-legal-battle-over-federal-immigration-agents\">immigration enforcement\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/ice-memo-deportation-due-process-six-hours-rcna218745\">across the country\u003c/a> this year, what do legal experts and advocates say about how U.S. citizens can protect themselves — and whether carrying proof of citizenship is a good idea?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do U.S. citizens have to carry their documents?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Richard Boswell, law professor at UC Law School, San Francisco, called it “most troubling” that U.S. citizens should be considering carrying proof of citizenship in this context, and that “there is no reason why government officers can or should be questioning people about their citizenship without any reason to suspect that they are non-citizens who are here unlawfully.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the same time, I understand the practical warning about carrying the original of one’s passport as a way of making it less likely that you will be arrested,” Boswell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12054806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12054806\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thomas Giles, Field Office Director, center, talks to a raiding party agent after a raid to arrest an illegal immigrant with a criminal record on Thursday, Sept. 8, 2022, in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Irfan Khan/Los Angeles Times/ Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But “if they have evidence that I have broken the law or that I am a non-citizen in the US in violation, the law places the burden on [an immigration officer] to have that evidence before they arrest me,” Boswell said. “I don’t have the legal obligation to give them that information in advance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This very question — of whether U.S. citizens should need to prove their status — highlights the gulf between what \u003cem>should \u003c/em>happen according to the law and what’s actually happening on the ground, said Bree Bernwanger, a senior attorney at ACLU NorCal.[aside postID=news_12025647 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-1180x787.jpg']“There is no legal requirement that U.S. citizens carry papers or have proof of their citizenship on them,” Bernwanger said. “There shouldn’t be a reason to have to carry your papers, because immigration agents aren’t supposed to stop people or detain them,” unless they have reasonable suspicion that the individual is unlawfully in the U.S., she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, citizens may choose to make practical decisions around carrying documentation anyway, Bernwanger said, because of “our immigration agencies that are violating the law here and that are causing this anxiety and concern and confusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People just kind of have to make their own decisions about what they’re comfortable with in the face of this lawless enforcement,” Bernwanger said. “And that’s not fair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saira Hussain, a senior staff attorney at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, told \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/proof-of-citizenship-trump-deportations_l_680675f2e4b066a6887ab2f0\">the Huffington Post\u003c/a> that U.S. citizens picked up by ICE “have a very strong civil rights suit because of \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/blog/supreme-courts-decision-racial-profiling-immigration-raids/\">the racial profiling\u003c/a> involved and the detention that would be involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security did not respond to KQED’s request for comment. When contacted for comment by the reporters of October’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will\">\u003cem>ProPublica\u003c/em> investigation\u003c/a>, DHS claimed that agents do not racially profile or target Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have said it a million times: ICE does NOT arrest or deport U.S. citizens,” Assistant Secretary Tricia McLaughlin said \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/10/01/dhs-debunks-new-york-times-false-reporting-dhs-does-not-deport-us-citizens\">in response\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/29/us/trump-immigration-agents-us-citizens.html\">a \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that featured stories of detained Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What kind of documentation could someone potentially use to prove their citizenship?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Proof of \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/how-apply/citizenship-evidence.html\">citizenship documents\u003c/a> include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>U.S. passport\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/card.html\">U.S. passport card\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/w2w/index.htm\">U.S. birth certificate\u003c/a> that has been issued by the city, county, or state of birth\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/en/international-travel/living-abroad/birth.html\">Consular Report of Birth Abroad\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usa.gov/certificate-citizenship-naturalization\">Certificate of Naturalization\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usa.gov/certificate-citizenship-naturalization\">Certificate of Citizenship\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>A Real ID does not prove citizenship, but it does prove your identity, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/driver-licenses-identification-cards/real-id/what-is-real-id/real-id-info-non-u-s-citizens/\">only immigrants with legal status in the U.S. can obtain one\u003c/a>. However, there have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/ice-detained-us-citizen-immigration-crackdown-lawsuit-rcna238744\">reports of ICE agents refusing to accept\u003c/a> this form of ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a person does decide to carry their actual, original documentation with them — like a passport — Bernwanger warned there’s a risk that ICE or CBP officers may confiscate it, or that your document could be otherwise lost in the confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a real risk that if you are stopped, if you’re detained, if you were arrested — even if it’s unlawful — that your documents will be held,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11848802\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11848802\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x.jpg\" alt=\"Biometric passport with visa stamp for United States\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An H1B visa issued Nov. 25, 2020. KQED’s Forum spoke to experts about how H-1B visa holders in the Bay Area are reacting to the latest White House order. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/mario.smith.549/videos/4124931194388551/\">alternative that’s being discussed\u003c/a> online could be carrying a legible copy of your passport or other proof of citizenship. Even a black and white photocopy of your passport’s photo page or \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/card.html\">your passport card\u003c/a> should be able to accomplish that, Bernwanger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about having a photo of your documentation on your phone, to potentially show an immigration officer? Again, Boswell stressed the need for that officer to have evidence that a person is unlawfully present in the U.S. — and cautioned that even just unlocking your phone to show your proof of citizenship “could be viewed as permission [for an officer] to go rummaging through it in search of other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do non-citizens have to carry documentation with them?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Unlike citizens, U.S. law said that non-citizen immigrants \u003cem>should \u003c/em>actually carry documentation of their legal status in the country with them at all times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants with work authorization should carry documentation like a green card or an I-94 with them — and this should be their actual, original documentation, Bernwanger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should I have multiple copies of my documentation anyway?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Given what Bernwanger called the “real risk that documents will be confiscated during encounters with immigration agents just based on what we’ve seen elsewhere,” she recommended that citizens and non-citizens alike should make multiple, clear copies of their immigration documentation and store them securely at home in a place they can be quickly located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernwanger also advised you to “leave copies with your trusted family members,” who could then provide them in the event that you are detained by immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated to reflect that of the 50 American citizens \u003c/em>ProPublica \u003cem>found who were held after immigration agents questioned their citizenship, almost all were Latino.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will\">More than 170 American citizens\u003c/a> have been detained during raids by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, as well as during protests, according to an October investigation by \u003cem>ProPublica\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the detained were nearly 20 children. In some cases, citizens have been held for 24 hours without being able to call a lawyer or a loved one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of potential legal recourse, the threat of mistakenly being taken into ICE detention — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12047506/searching-for-a-loved-one-in-ice-custody-heres-what-you-need-to-know\">potentially disappearing into labyrinthine immigration custody\u003c/a> — has \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskUS/comments/1m0w113/how_many_of_you_are_carrying_your_us_passport/\">some\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@imalawyerinreallife/video/7463630715998162222\">U.S. citizens\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/16/us/immigration-citizens-carrying-passports\">wondering\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/immigration/comments/1i8n698/lpt_us_citizens_who_are_brown_should_carry_their/\">online\u003c/a> if they should carry their passport or other documents with them to prove their citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will\">the 50 American citizens \u003cem>ProPublica\u003c/em> found who were held \u003cem>after\u003c/em> immigration agents questioned their citizenship\u003c/a>, almost all were Latino. This fall, a Supreme Court decision allows \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/25a169_5h25.pdf\">immigration agents to consider race\u003c/a> during sweeps in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So amid the efforts of President Donald Trump’s administration to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060135/families-once-torn-apart-at-border-face-renewed-threat-of-separation\">ramp up\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12058936/masking-bill-fuels-california-legal-battle-over-federal-immigration-agents\">immigration enforcement\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/ice-memo-deportation-due-process-six-hours-rcna218745\">across the country\u003c/a> this year, what do legal experts and advocates say about how U.S. citizens can protect themselves — and whether carrying proof of citizenship is a good idea?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do U.S. citizens have to carry their documents?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Richard Boswell, law professor at UC Law School, San Francisco, called it “most troubling” that U.S. citizens should be considering carrying proof of citizenship in this context, and that “there is no reason why government officers can or should be questioning people about their citizenship without any reason to suspect that they are non-citizens who are here unlawfully.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the same time, I understand the practical warning about carrying the original of one’s passport as a way of making it less likely that you will be arrested,” Boswell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12054806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12054806\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thomas Giles, Field Office Director, center, talks to a raiding party agent after a raid to arrest an illegal immigrant with a criminal record on Thursday, Sept. 8, 2022, in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Irfan Khan/Los Angeles Times/ Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But “if they have evidence that I have broken the law or that I am a non-citizen in the US in violation, the law places the burden on [an immigration officer] to have that evidence before they arrest me,” Boswell said. “I don’t have the legal obligation to give them that information in advance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This very question — of whether U.S. citizens should need to prove their status — highlights the gulf between what \u003cem>should \u003c/em>happen according to the law and what’s actually happening on the ground, said Bree Bernwanger, a senior attorney at ACLU NorCal.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“There is no legal requirement that U.S. citizens carry papers or have proof of their citizenship on them,” Bernwanger said. “There shouldn’t be a reason to have to carry your papers, because immigration agents aren’t supposed to stop people or detain them,” unless they have reasonable suspicion that the individual is unlawfully in the U.S., she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, citizens may choose to make practical decisions around carrying documentation anyway, Bernwanger said, because of “our immigration agencies that are violating the law here and that are causing this anxiety and concern and confusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People just kind of have to make their own decisions about what they’re comfortable with in the face of this lawless enforcement,” Bernwanger said. “And that’s not fair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saira Hussain, a senior staff attorney at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, told \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/proof-of-citizenship-trump-deportations_l_680675f2e4b066a6887ab2f0\">the Huffington Post\u003c/a> that U.S. citizens picked up by ICE “have a very strong civil rights suit because of \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/blog/supreme-courts-decision-racial-profiling-immigration-raids/\">the racial profiling\u003c/a> involved and the detention that would be involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security did not respond to KQED’s request for comment. When contacted for comment by the reporters of October’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will\">\u003cem>ProPublica\u003c/em> investigation\u003c/a>, DHS claimed that agents do not racially profile or target Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have said it a million times: ICE does NOT arrest or deport U.S. citizens,” Assistant Secretary Tricia McLaughlin said \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/10/01/dhs-debunks-new-york-times-false-reporting-dhs-does-not-deport-us-citizens\">in response\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/29/us/trump-immigration-agents-us-citizens.html\">a \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that featured stories of detained Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What kind of documentation could someone potentially use to prove their citizenship?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Proof of \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/how-apply/citizenship-evidence.html\">citizenship documents\u003c/a> include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>U.S. passport\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/card.html\">U.S. passport card\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/w2w/index.htm\">U.S. birth certificate\u003c/a> that has been issued by the city, county, or state of birth\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/en/international-travel/living-abroad/birth.html\">Consular Report of Birth Abroad\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usa.gov/certificate-citizenship-naturalization\">Certificate of Naturalization\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usa.gov/certificate-citizenship-naturalization\">Certificate of Citizenship\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>A Real ID does not prove citizenship, but it does prove your identity, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/driver-licenses-identification-cards/real-id/what-is-real-id/real-id-info-non-u-s-citizens/\">only immigrants with legal status in the U.S. can obtain one\u003c/a>. However, there have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/ice-detained-us-citizen-immigration-crackdown-lawsuit-rcna238744\">reports of ICE agents refusing to accept\u003c/a> this form of ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a person does decide to carry their actual, original documentation with them — like a passport — Bernwanger warned there’s a risk that ICE or CBP officers may confiscate it, or that your document could be otherwise lost in the confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a real risk that if you are stopped, if you’re detained, if you were arrested — even if it’s unlawful — that your documents will be held,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11848802\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11848802\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x.jpg\" alt=\"Biometric passport with visa stamp for United States\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An H1B visa issued Nov. 25, 2020. KQED’s Forum spoke to experts about how H-1B visa holders in the Bay Area are reacting to the latest White House order. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/mario.smith.549/videos/4124931194388551/\">alternative that’s being discussed\u003c/a> online could be carrying a legible copy of your passport or other proof of citizenship. Even a black and white photocopy of your passport’s photo page or \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/card.html\">your passport card\u003c/a> should be able to accomplish that, Bernwanger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about having a photo of your documentation on your phone, to potentially show an immigration officer? Again, Boswell stressed the need for that officer to have evidence that a person is unlawfully present in the U.S. — and cautioned that even just unlocking your phone to show your proof of citizenship “could be viewed as permission [for an officer] to go rummaging through it in search of other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do non-citizens have to carry documentation with them?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Unlike citizens, U.S. law said that non-citizen immigrants \u003cem>should \u003c/em>actually carry documentation of their legal status in the country with them at all times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants with work authorization should carry documentation like a green card or an I-94 with them — and this should be their actual, original documentation, Bernwanger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should I have multiple copies of my documentation anyway?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Given what Bernwanger called the “real risk that documents will be confiscated during encounters with immigration agents just based on what we’ve seen elsewhere,” she recommended that citizens and non-citizens alike should make multiple, clear copies of their immigration documentation and store them securely at home in a place they can be quickly located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernwanger also advised you to “leave copies with your trusted family members,” who could then provide them in the event that you are detained by immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated to reflect that of the 50 American citizens \u003c/em>ProPublica \u003cem>found who were held after immigration agents questioned their citizenship, almost all were Latino.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Afghan American leaders in the Bay Area are increasingly worried that last week’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12065556/newsom-condemns-violence-of-any-kind-after-national-guard-troops-are-shot-in-d-c\">shooting of two National Guard members\u003c/a> near the White House will spark a political backlash against Afghan evacuees nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahmanullah Lakanwal, a 29-year-old Afghan national who served in a CIA-backed strike force in Afghanistan before being evacuated to the U.S. in 2021, is accused of killing Army Spc. Sarah Beckstrom and wounding Air Force Staff Sgt. Andrew Wolfe. Leaders of the Bay Area’s Afghan community said they were horrified by the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont is home to one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053196/how-fremont-became-a-hub-for-afghan-americans\">largest Afghan populations in the U.S.\u003c/a>, but across the Bay Area, Afghan Americans said they are already feeling the fervor surrounding the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afghan American Foundation Board Chair Joseph Azam of Oakland said the community is concerned that the alleged actions of one man will now be used to justify broad restrictions on immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As Americans, anybody who doesn’t start with the horror of what happened is missing the gravity of this moment,” Azam said. “But there’s also fear. People are nervous for their safety because political rhetoric comes with real danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters after the shooting, President Trump vacillated from suggesting the suspect might have gone “cuckoo” to arguing he was not properly vetted. He went on to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-are-you-stupid-trump-rebuffs-reporters-question-on-afghan-resettlement-vetting\">insult\u003c/a> a CBS reporter who tried to ask why his own administration had recently described the evacuee vetting process as thorough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12051925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12051925 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/GettyImages-2229572233-scaled-e1756854510343.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. President Donald Trump answers questions during a press conference in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room of the White House on Aug. 11, 2025, in Washington, D.C. Trump announced he will use his authority to place the D.C. Metropolitan Police Department under federal control to assist in crime prevention in the nation’s capital, and that the National Guard will be deployed to D.C. \u003ccite>(Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At one point, he launched into familiar anti-immigrant rhetoric, describing them as criminals and a national security threat, saying: “For the most part, we don’t want them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the shooting, the Trump administration said it would halt the processing of Afghan immigration applications. Azam said many in the community worry that the federal response signals a return to the suspicion and xenophobia that Middle Easterners and others faced after the Sept. 11 attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m hearing a sense that we’re going back in time, to darker periods when communities have been scapegoated, targeted and used as political pawns,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Aisha Wahab (D–Hayward), the first Afghan American \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11932627/aisha-wahab-on-her-historic-election-to-the-state-senate\">elected to the California Legislature\u003c/a>, called the attacks on National Guard members on U.S. soil “disheartening.”[aside postID=news_12063980 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231005-TRUCK-GETTY-KQED-1020x680.jpg']Wahab said that while many questions remain for investigators, it’s clear that Afghans undergo some of the most rigorous security screening of any immigrant population, such as biometric data and interagency scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mere fact of this incident taking place should not be used as an excuse by political parties to demonize immigrants,” Wahab said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She noted that Afghans who worked alongside U.S. forces did so under extraordinary circumstances — and at great personal risk — after being \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040425/bay-area-afghans-allies-decry-trumps-end-of-tps-theyre-terrified\">promised a path to safety\u003c/a> for themselves and their immediate families. Many, she said, are still coping with trauma from decades of war. She called for a balanced response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are individuals that will have mental health issues, that will have PTSD, that will have a lot of other concerns,” Wahab said, “but we also are a nation built by immigrants. And we need to honor that and make sure that people feel welcomed and supported and treated equally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azam said approximately 80% of recent Afghan arrivals are working, with many employed at major American companies or serving in the U.S. military. Halting their progress because of one violent act, he said, would be “a tough pill to swallow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12060605\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12060605\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator’s silhouette is cast beneath an American flag during the No Kings National Day of Action in Oakland on Oct. 18, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He called on national leaders in both parties to return to the bipartisan cooperation that once guided Afghan resettlement, pointing to the 2021 testimony of Trump’s former national security advisor-turned United Nations ambassador, Mike Waltz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waltz, the first Green Beret elected to the U.S. House, \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/06/22/167/108/CREC-2021-06-22.pdf\">appeared\u003c/a> before Congress alongside one of his former Afghan interpreters as he urged the Biden White House to take care of its allies as the U.S. military completed its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101885239/afghanistan-in-a-long-history-of-military-withdrawals\">withdrawal from Afghanistan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to ask ourselves, as Americans, what message are we sending in terms of keeping our promises, not only with the Afghans, but again, around the world?” Waltz testified. “The bottom line is, we need to get them out. We have a moral obligation to get them out. This is not just a moral obligation, but it is a national security obligation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azam said the answer to one heinous act is not collective punishment: “I hope cooler heads prevail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Afghan American leaders in the Bay Area are increasingly worried that last week’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12065556/newsom-condemns-violence-of-any-kind-after-national-guard-troops-are-shot-in-d-c\">shooting of two National Guard members\u003c/a> near the White House will spark a political backlash against Afghan evacuees nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahmanullah Lakanwal, a 29-year-old Afghan national who served in a CIA-backed strike force in Afghanistan before being evacuated to the U.S. in 2021, is accused of killing Army Spc. Sarah Beckstrom and wounding Air Force Staff Sgt. Andrew Wolfe. Leaders of the Bay Area’s Afghan community said they were horrified by the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont is home to one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053196/how-fremont-became-a-hub-for-afghan-americans\">largest Afghan populations in the U.S.\u003c/a>, but across the Bay Area, Afghan Americans said they are already feeling the fervor surrounding the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afghan American Foundation Board Chair Joseph Azam of Oakland said the community is concerned that the alleged actions of one man will now be used to justify broad restrictions on immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As Americans, anybody who doesn’t start with the horror of what happened is missing the gravity of this moment,” Azam said. “But there’s also fear. People are nervous for their safety because political rhetoric comes with real danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters after the shooting, President Trump vacillated from suggesting the suspect might have gone “cuckoo” to arguing he was not properly vetted. He went on to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-are-you-stupid-trump-rebuffs-reporters-question-on-afghan-resettlement-vetting\">insult\u003c/a> a CBS reporter who tried to ask why his own administration had recently described the evacuee vetting process as thorough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12051925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12051925 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/GettyImages-2229572233-scaled-e1756854510343.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. President Donald Trump answers questions during a press conference in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room of the White House on Aug. 11, 2025, in Washington, D.C. Trump announced he will use his authority to place the D.C. Metropolitan Police Department under federal control to assist in crime prevention in the nation’s capital, and that the National Guard will be deployed to D.C. \u003ccite>(Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At one point, he launched into familiar anti-immigrant rhetoric, describing them as criminals and a national security threat, saying: “For the most part, we don’t want them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the shooting, the Trump administration said it would halt the processing of Afghan immigration applications. Azam said many in the community worry that the federal response signals a return to the suspicion and xenophobia that Middle Easterners and others faced after the Sept. 11 attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m hearing a sense that we’re going back in time, to darker periods when communities have been scapegoated, targeted and used as political pawns,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Aisha Wahab (D–Hayward), the first Afghan American \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11932627/aisha-wahab-on-her-historic-election-to-the-state-senate\">elected to the California Legislature\u003c/a>, called the attacks on National Guard members on U.S. soil “disheartening.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Wahab said that while many questions remain for investigators, it’s clear that Afghans undergo some of the most rigorous security screening of any immigrant population, such as biometric data and interagency scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mere fact of this incident taking place should not be used as an excuse by political parties to demonize immigrants,” Wahab said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She noted that Afghans who worked alongside U.S. forces did so under extraordinary circumstances — and at great personal risk — after being \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040425/bay-area-afghans-allies-decry-trumps-end-of-tps-theyre-terrified\">promised a path to safety\u003c/a> for themselves and their immediate families. Many, she said, are still coping with trauma from decades of war. She called for a balanced response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are individuals that will have mental health issues, that will have PTSD, that will have a lot of other concerns,” Wahab said, “but we also are a nation built by immigrants. And we need to honor that and make sure that people feel welcomed and supported and treated equally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azam said approximately 80% of recent Afghan arrivals are working, with many employed at major American companies or serving in the U.S. military. Halting their progress because of one violent act, he said, would be “a tough pill to swallow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12060605\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12060605\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator’s silhouette is cast beneath an American flag during the No Kings National Day of Action in Oakland on Oct. 18, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He called on national leaders in both parties to return to the bipartisan cooperation that once guided Afghan resettlement, pointing to the 2021 testimony of Trump’s former national security advisor-turned United Nations ambassador, Mike Waltz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waltz, the first Green Beret elected to the U.S. House, \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/06/22/167/108/CREC-2021-06-22.pdf\">appeared\u003c/a> before Congress alongside one of his former Afghan interpreters as he urged the Biden White House to take care of its allies as the U.S. military completed its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101885239/afghanistan-in-a-long-history-of-military-withdrawals\">withdrawal from Afghanistan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to ask ourselves, as Americans, what message are we sending in terms of keeping our promises, not only with the Afghans, but again, around the world?” Waltz testified. “The bottom line is, we need to get them out. We have a moral obligation to get them out. This is not just a moral obligation, but it is a national security obligation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azam said the answer to one heinous act is not collective punishment: “I hope cooler heads prevail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "how-fear-of-trumps-immigration-blitz-is-changing-life-in-california-farm-towns",
"title": "How Fear of Trump’s Immigration Blitz Is Changing Life in California Farm Towns",
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"headTitle": "How Fear of Trump’s Immigration Blitz Is Changing Life in California Farm Towns | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trailing in the shade of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/farming\">tractor-pulled harvester\u003c/a>, a small huddle of people in broad hats trawl the ochre rows of a green field. Every six or so feet, someone squats down and pulls into the morning sunlight a bright, spotted watermelon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking a dozen yards behind this crew of pickers is their supervisor, Raul. He has done this for 21 years, since he was 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He, better than anybody, knows that perfectly ripe watermelons aren’t just pulled off the vine, they’re chosen. And the choosing still relies, as it ever has, on workers who are delicate with the fruit and severe with the choice. The job requires years of repetition: seeing the right melon, bending to heft it, cutting its root and placing it carefully on the harvester bed or a bag hanging off the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rookies have trouble. They pick a melon before it’s ready, or they fumble the blades and cut themselves, or their bodies simply inform them after a day or a week of bending and lifting and bending and lifting that they will not be getting out of bed that morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-44-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A back view of a person in work clothes and a hat walking through a field of watermelons as workers harvest in the background on a tractor.\">\u003cfigcaption>A farmworker walks through a field where melons are harvested at a farm outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Raul knows this land. He raised his kids in the farmland around the town of Firebaugh, 38 miles west of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/fresno\">Fresno\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to a grove of full-grown almond trees near the Del Bosque melon farm where he works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were putting in those trees when they were young, my first year,” Raul said in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last two decades, Raul would drive north when the melon harvest ends to work in the vineyards and then the apple and cherry orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year is different, and Raul, who didn’t want his last name used in this story because he is in the country illegally, is not sure how much longer he can stay in the United States.[aside postID=news_12055072 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/20250903_FARMLABORCRISIS_GC-20-KQED.jpg']As this year’s harvest ends, the small Central Valley towns that rely on migrant or undocumented labor to survive are themselves forced to imagine the end of a way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worry here is the workers might not return next year, at least not in the numbers that sustain local economies and power the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov/wordpress/?p=29277\">$60 billion agricultural industry\u003c/a>, which grows three-fourths of the fruits and nuts consumed in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Trump administration \u003c/a>has pledged to carry out the largest deportation program in American history. They have, so far, mostly left the agricultural industry alone. But Trump and his advisers \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2025/08/08/trump-teased-a-solution-for-farmers-its-likely-not-coming-soon-00498932\">have wavered\u003c/a> on whether to protect farms from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">immigration raids,\u003c/a> so the seasonal workers and their employers will have to wait and see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, what connects tiny truck stop towns and big cities of this part of the valley \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/03/immigration-raids-rumors/\">is fear\u003c/a>: of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/water/2024/04/california-farmers-groundwater-probation-kings-county/\">tightened water allocations\u003c/a>, of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/08/california-european-wines-tariffs/\">market turbulence\u003c/a> and, this year, of immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small farm towns in the Central Valley are similar in their seasonal economics to a beach town on the East Coast: Both swell in summer with a population boom, then dig in for a slow winter. Firebaugh City Manager Ben Gallegos said the town of 4,000 grows to 8,000 people in the summer, then empties out after the harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story plays out in the numbers, but already this year’s numbers tell a different tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-04-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A ground-level view of three watermelons growing on a vine in the middle of a field with the sun rising in the background, as workers pick in the far distance, just out of focus.\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-13-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A person holds up a watermelon after picking it from a field to put it on a conveyor belt while working in a watermelon field. The person has a slight shadow over their face to not show their identity.\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First: \u003c/strong>Melons in a field at a melon farm outside of Firebaugh. \u003cstrong>Last:\u003c/strong> A farmworker picks up a melon while harvesting at a melon farm outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photos by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the second quarter of the year, which runs from April 1 to June 30, total taxable transactions in Firebaugh were down 29% from the same quarter last year, according to the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration. In nearby Chowchilla, total taxable receipts are down 21% in the second quarter of this year compared to the same period last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People don’t want to shop or go out to eat, Gallegos said. The city of Firebaugh is staring down cuts to its police force, its parks and its senior center. In September, the appearance of county probation officers dressed in green fatigues caused waves of panicked Whatsapp texts. Some people went into hiding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The food bank in Firebaugh used to serve about 50 families. Today, at weekly distributions behind city hall, that number is up to 150. When it’s over, volunteers take the remaining food boxes to families who are too afraid to leave their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need those individuals to drive our community,” Gallegos said. “They’re the ones that eat at our local restaurants, they’re the ones that shop at our local stores. Without them, what do we do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-06-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A side view of field workers picking watermelons in a green field filled with vines behind a tractor pulling a conveyor belt. In the background are more green fields and a view of a semi-truck driving on a highway.\">\u003cfigcaption>Farmworkers harvest melons behind a tractor on a melon farm outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re scared to come out \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/09/la-immigration-sweeps-supreme-court/\">because of the color of their skin\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raul and his crew of six pickers will have to choose, too. Will they come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Borrowed time\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“My clients say this country’s not for them anymore,” said Fresno immigration attorney Jesus Ibañez, who works with farmworkers. “They feel like they’re on borrowed time here. That sentiment is not one I heard a lot one year ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The choices to stay or self-deport come down to money, but also the futures those farmworkers want for their children born in the United States, Ibañez said.[aside postID=news_12065240 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/IMG_4486-1020x765.jpeg']Sometimes the choice is more complicated – the U.S. isn’t as safe for them as it was, but its school districts still offer things like mental health care and physical therapy that migrant workers fear they won’t get in their home countries. Balanced against that is the possibility of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/10/caregiver-deportation-california/\">one or both parents being deported\u003c/a>, leaving the children with no legal guardians in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statistically, it’s difficult to even know the number of farmworkers employed today, let alone how much the fear of deportation is affecting employment in the industry. In late October, Ag Alert, a publication of the California Farm Bureau, \u003ca href=\"https://www.agalert.com/california-ag-news/archives/october-22-2025/farmworkers-set-fear-aside-to-pick-california-bounty/\">broke the news\u003c/a> that both the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Labor canceled annual farmworker labor surveys. That means that, for the first time since the late 1980s, there is no federal documentation of farmworker hours, wages or demographics. Historically, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/chart-detail?chartId=63466\">about 40% of farmworkers\u003c/a> in the last decade were undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan Pew Research Center found that more immigrants \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/08/21/key-findings-about-us-immigrants/?mod=ANLink\">left the country or were deported\u003c/a> this year than the number who arrived. If the trend holds until the end of the year, 2025 will be the first year since the 1960s that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/08/immigrant-population-declines/\">the population of immigrants in the U.S. falls\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Raul, the question of returning is simple. He will need to earn money so he can support his kids, so he plans on coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Que quisiera un padre? Raul said. “Quiere que sea lo mejor para los hijos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What would a father want? He wants what’s best for his children.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A town shaped by a river\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The road into Firebaugh rolls up and over a wash, next to the spot where Andrew Firebaugh founded a ferry across the San Joaquin River that became an important stop on stagecoach routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The river has always been what kept this town alive, first as an obstacle around which they built a settlement and later as the lifeblood of its farms and fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-38-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A water tower that reads “Firebaugh” on its side over a street in a small town, with vehicles driving by between local businesses.\">\u003cfigcaption>The water tower in Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just outside of town, the pavement has fractured and buckled. The street signs are tiny and faded on the broad grid of roads bounded by fields that push right up to the street. You orient yourself with both cardinal directions and crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Prunus amygdalus\u003c/em>, also called almond trees, look like they’re raising their arms. \u003cem>Pistacia vera\u003c/em>, the pistachio tree, look like they’re shrugging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uncovered truck bed bins spill ripe red tomatoes on tight turns. Tractors with their tillers raised trundle slowly down the highway. On the side of the road bobs of lettuce heads peek out of the ground, followed by a massive pile of unhulled almonds, and then a series of palm trees, some very tall and some a little squat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/092425-Melon-Farm-Day-2-LV-13-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A ground-level view of two rows of trees growing crops in an agricultural field on a cloudy morning.\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/092425_Melon-Farm-Day-2_LV_CM_08-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A semi-truck carrying crops drives down the street during an early morning illuminated by the soft orange light of the sunrise.\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First:\u003c/strong> Rows of trees in an orchard outside of Firebaugh.\u003cstrong> Last:\u003c/strong> A truck carrying crops drives through farmland outside of Firebaugh in Fresno County on Sept. 24, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the corner of one of these roads, just before it meets the interstate, is the melon farm owned by Joe Del Bosque, Raul’s employer of 21 years. And the first thing people inclined to these kinds of questions will ask Del Bosque is why he hires undocumented labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He begins explaining his trouble hiring people on the federal H-2A visa, which permits employers to hire foreign seasonal workers. It’s not just that he has to pay them $3 more per hour, Del Bosque said. It’s that he must also pay for their transportation to and from the farm every day. He must pay for the rooms where they sleep and the food they eat. It is, he said, economically impossible to rely on the visa program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next suggestion is hiring local people. Del Bosque laughed and said he tried that. The locals made it a week, at the most, and then found some other way to make money that didn’t leave them sore all over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows that one day soon, he’ll likely have to turn over operations to the only family member active in the business, his son-in-law. But that’s only if there’s still a farm to hand over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t have a lot of confidence that the future of our farm and a lot of farms is looking very good right now,” Del Bosque said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-30.jpg\" alt=\"A ground-level view of a man dressed in a cowboy hat and a button-down shirt standing in a watermelon field. The vines from the field are visible in the lower portion of the frame, with a part of a mountain range peaking out in the background and a blue sky as the backdrop.\">\u003cfigcaption>Joe Del Bosque, owner of Del Bosque Farms, stands in one of his melon fields as they are being harvested outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Labor is already sounding the alarm on losing farmworkers and the threat that poses to the nation’s food supply in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/10/02/2025-19365/adverse-effect-wage-rate-methodology-for-the-temporary-employment-of-h-2a-nonimmigrants-in-non-range\">notice in the Federal Register in October.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The near total cessation of the inflow of illegal aliens combined with the lack of an available legal workforce, results in significant disruptions to production costs and threatening the stability of domestic food production and prices for U.S consumers,” the department said in a rule-making proposal that would allow employers to pay H-2A workers less than they are paying now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unless the Department acts immediately to provide a source of stable and lawful labor, this threat will grow,” the notice said, citing the likelihood of enhanced immigration enforcement under the budget bill Trump signed earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those longer-term consequences in the labor market won’t be felt evenly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>This is Trump country\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fresno County and the rest of the Central Valley went for Trump in the 2024 election. Del Bosque calls himself a conservative, though he \u003ca href=\"https://www.opensecrets.org/donor-lookup/results?name=joe+del+bosque\">donates to both parties\u003c/a> – Democratic Sen. Adam Schiff and former President \u003ca href=\"https://obamaoralhistory.columbia.edu/interviews/joe-del-bosque\">Barack Obama\u003c/a> have both made public visits to his acreage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next to his farm – right up on the property line where everyone will see it – is a massive Trump 2024 sign, erected by his neighbor. No one driving to the Del Bosque Farm will miss it. Del Bosque laughs about it, but it’s also a reflection of how their differing crops help define their politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-34-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A banner on a sign that reads “2024 TRUMP END THIS HELL SAVE AMERICA NOW” on the side of a country road next to a fence. In the background is a red barn on a ranch and a mountain range.\">\u003cfigcaption>A Trump sign posted on a neighboring property of Del Bosque Farms outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Del Bosque grows melons, which are labor intensive and require lots of people to work long hours. He supports an easier path to employment for undocumented workers. Next door, his neighbor grows almonds. They only require one person to drive a “shaker” to get the nuts out of the trees and another to operate the basket that catches them as they fall. His neighbor, whom CalMatters was unable to contact, doesn’t require much labor at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here’s the thing, not all farms are the same, not all farmers are the same,” Del Bosque said. “I’m concerned about these people. (The neighbor) is not concerned about that, because he has almonds. He manages his almonds with just him and one or two more people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He can do his whole farm with two, three people. So this immigration (enforcement) does not affect him at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Author and Central Valley farmer David Mas Masumoto wrote about neighborly tension in his 1995 “Epitaph for a Peach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We depend on labor from Mexico, part of a seasonal flow of men and families. Many come here for the summer, return to Mexico during the slow winter months, and return the following year. They’re predominantly young men with the faces of boys. We’re dependent on their strong backs and quick hands. And they are hungry for work.…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This September, farmers drive down the road staring straight ahead, steering clear of a chance meeting with a competitor who was once a neighbor. Eyes avoid eyes, hands hesitate and refrain from waving. It’s an ugly September.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politics out here can make it a whole ugly season.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Big and rapid change’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What if they don’t come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have a precedent for trying to understand that major of a disruption to our state’s economy and demographics,” said Liz Carlisle, an associate professor in the Environmental Studies Program at UC Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/092425-Melon-Farm-Day-2-LV-12-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A view of field workers walking in a line between rows of trees in an agricultural field and a country road. The workers are walking along power poles near the field as the sun rises in the background, casting a golden haze across the sky.\">\u003cfigcaption>Farmworkers walk past rows of trees on an orchard outside of Firebaugh in Fresno County on Sept. 24, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Something is changing in one of the world’s most productive agricultural regions. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060895/visiting-a-vineyard-to-see-how-the-bays-wine-industry-is-doing\">Wine grapes are going unharvested\u003c/a>, rotting in the fields, as exports to Canada collapsed under new tariffs and younger consumers started shying away from alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.siliconvalley.com/2025/01/28/california-groundwater-crisis-farms-fail/\">Land values are cratering\u003c/a> in places with limited water, leaving farmers in multi-million dollar debt. Water costs are skyrocketing in part because of a \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">2014 conservation law\u003c/a> that seeks to regulate years of agricultural over-pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think we’re looking at the potential of really big and rapid change to California’s agricultural sector and all of the workers and everything that touches the economy,” Carlisle said. “It’s kind of a perfect storm because you have major shifts in trade policy at the same time as you have major shifts in the workforce at the same time you have major shifts in climate and potential regulatory responses to those climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that’s a lot of huge transformations for people in the agricultural sector to try to manage at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the problems were the usual problems: Five or six big storms clobbered the Central Valley with rain and hail, hitting young crops just as they were approaching maturity. But larger battles loom.[aside postID=news_12063793 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251028_IMMIGRANT-MASS-_HERNANDEZ-17-KQED.jpg']During the first Trump administration, the labor market for Central Valley farmers tightened significantly, said California Fresh Fruits Association president Daniel Hartwig, when migration numbers plummeted and farms would lose workers to a neighboring operation that offered an extra 25 cents per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this second go-round with Trump as president, those concerns seem almost archaic. Now, Hartwig said, he’ll spend a couple hours every week running down rumors of immigration enforcement: an unmarked white van in Madera County that turned out to belong to a carpet cleaning business; a cluster of cars outside a health clinic that turned out to be a local police operation; a shaky TikTok of unknown provenance showing men in green fatigues that sent farmworkers rushing back to their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you did let your imagination run wild, especially if you were undocumented, everywhere you look, around the corner, is somebody that you’re fearful is going to try and get you and deport you,” Hartwig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now these towns in the lower basin of the Central Valley hunker down for an anxious winter, on the farms, at the food bank, in Firebaugh’s City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are dependent on so many factors out of their own control. Executive impulses in the White House. Cloud formations and wind speeds. Commodity prices set globally. Water prices set locally. And in the winter there is time to think and there is time to ask questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will the federal government increase immigration enforcement at farms? Will it rain enough early in the season? Will it rain too much when the fruit is in the fields? Could there be a repeat of last year’s heat wave? Or this year’s storms? What if the water gets costlier? What if the commodities get cheaper?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a question perhaps more crucial than any other: What if they don’t come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: Author David Mas Masumoto is a member of the CalMatters board of director\u003c/em>s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/11/immigration-california-farms/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Tax receipts are down almost 30% in one California farm town, where immigrants are afraid to go out and some longtime workers are weighing self-deportation.",
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"title": "How Fear of Trump’s Immigration Blitz Is Changing Life in California Farm Towns | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trailing in the shade of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/farming\">tractor-pulled harvester\u003c/a>, a small huddle of people in broad hats trawl the ochre rows of a green field. Every six or so feet, someone squats down and pulls into the morning sunlight a bright, spotted watermelon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking a dozen yards behind this crew of pickers is their supervisor, Raul. He has done this for 21 years, since he was 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He, better than anybody, knows that perfectly ripe watermelons aren’t just pulled off the vine, they’re chosen. And the choosing still relies, as it ever has, on workers who are delicate with the fruit and severe with the choice. The job requires years of repetition: seeing the right melon, bending to heft it, cutting its root and placing it carefully on the harvester bed or a bag hanging off the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rookies have trouble. They pick a melon before it’s ready, or they fumble the blades and cut themselves, or their bodies simply inform them after a day or a week of bending and lifting and bending and lifting that they will not be getting out of bed that morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-44-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A back view of a person in work clothes and a hat walking through a field of watermelons as workers harvest in the background on a tractor.\">\u003cfigcaption>A farmworker walks through a field where melons are harvested at a farm outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Raul knows this land. He raised his kids in the farmland around the town of Firebaugh, 38 miles west of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/fresno\">Fresno\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to a grove of full-grown almond trees near the Del Bosque melon farm where he works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were putting in those trees when they were young, my first year,” Raul said in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last two decades, Raul would drive north when the melon harvest ends to work in the vineyards and then the apple and cherry orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year is different, and Raul, who didn’t want his last name used in this story because he is in the country illegally, is not sure how much longer he can stay in the United States.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As this year’s harvest ends, the small Central Valley towns that rely on migrant or undocumented labor to survive are themselves forced to imagine the end of a way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worry here is the workers might not return next year, at least not in the numbers that sustain local economies and power the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov/wordpress/?p=29277\">$60 billion agricultural industry\u003c/a>, which grows three-fourths of the fruits and nuts consumed in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Trump administration \u003c/a>has pledged to carry out the largest deportation program in American history. They have, so far, mostly left the agricultural industry alone. But Trump and his advisers \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2025/08/08/trump-teased-a-solution-for-farmers-its-likely-not-coming-soon-00498932\">have wavered\u003c/a> on whether to protect farms from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">immigration raids,\u003c/a> so the seasonal workers and their employers will have to wait and see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, what connects tiny truck stop towns and big cities of this part of the valley \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/03/immigration-raids-rumors/\">is fear\u003c/a>: of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/water/2024/04/california-farmers-groundwater-probation-kings-county/\">tightened water allocations\u003c/a>, of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/08/california-european-wines-tariffs/\">market turbulence\u003c/a> and, this year, of immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small farm towns in the Central Valley are similar in their seasonal economics to a beach town on the East Coast: Both swell in summer with a population boom, then dig in for a slow winter. Firebaugh City Manager Ben Gallegos said the town of 4,000 grows to 8,000 people in the summer, then empties out after the harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story plays out in the numbers, but already this year’s numbers tell a different tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-04-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A ground-level view of three watermelons growing on a vine in the middle of a field with the sun rising in the background, as workers pick in the far distance, just out of focus.\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-13-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A person holds up a watermelon after picking it from a field to put it on a conveyor belt while working in a watermelon field. The person has a slight shadow over their face to not show their identity.\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First: \u003c/strong>Melons in a field at a melon farm outside of Firebaugh. \u003cstrong>Last:\u003c/strong> A farmworker picks up a melon while harvesting at a melon farm outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photos by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the second quarter of the year, which runs from April 1 to June 30, total taxable transactions in Firebaugh were down 29% from the same quarter last year, according to the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration. In nearby Chowchilla, total taxable receipts are down 21% in the second quarter of this year compared to the same period last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People don’t want to shop or go out to eat, Gallegos said. The city of Firebaugh is staring down cuts to its police force, its parks and its senior center. In September, the appearance of county probation officers dressed in green fatigues caused waves of panicked Whatsapp texts. Some people went into hiding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The food bank in Firebaugh used to serve about 50 families. Today, at weekly distributions behind city hall, that number is up to 150. When it’s over, volunteers take the remaining food boxes to families who are too afraid to leave their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need those individuals to drive our community,” Gallegos said. “They’re the ones that eat at our local restaurants, they’re the ones that shop at our local stores. Without them, what do we do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-06-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A side view of field workers picking watermelons in a green field filled with vines behind a tractor pulling a conveyor belt. In the background are more green fields and a view of a semi-truck driving on a highway.\">\u003cfigcaption>Farmworkers harvest melons behind a tractor on a melon farm outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re scared to come out \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/09/la-immigration-sweeps-supreme-court/\">because of the color of their skin\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raul and his crew of six pickers will have to choose, too. Will they come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Borrowed time\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“My clients say this country’s not for them anymore,” said Fresno immigration attorney Jesus Ibañez, who works with farmworkers. “They feel like they’re on borrowed time here. That sentiment is not one I heard a lot one year ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The choices to stay or self-deport come down to money, but also the futures those farmworkers want for their children born in the United States, Ibañez said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Sometimes the choice is more complicated – the U.S. isn’t as safe for them as it was, but its school districts still offer things like mental health care and physical therapy that migrant workers fear they won’t get in their home countries. Balanced against that is the possibility of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/10/caregiver-deportation-california/\">one or both parents being deported\u003c/a>, leaving the children with no legal guardians in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statistically, it’s difficult to even know the number of farmworkers employed today, let alone how much the fear of deportation is affecting employment in the industry. In late October, Ag Alert, a publication of the California Farm Bureau, \u003ca href=\"https://www.agalert.com/california-ag-news/archives/october-22-2025/farmworkers-set-fear-aside-to-pick-california-bounty/\">broke the news\u003c/a> that both the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Labor canceled annual farmworker labor surveys. That means that, for the first time since the late 1980s, there is no federal documentation of farmworker hours, wages or demographics. Historically, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/chart-detail?chartId=63466\">about 40% of farmworkers\u003c/a> in the last decade were undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan Pew Research Center found that more immigrants \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/08/21/key-findings-about-us-immigrants/?mod=ANLink\">left the country or were deported\u003c/a> this year than the number who arrived. If the trend holds until the end of the year, 2025 will be the first year since the 1960s that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/08/immigrant-population-declines/\">the population of immigrants in the U.S. falls\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Raul, the question of returning is simple. He will need to earn money so he can support his kids, so he plans on coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Que quisiera un padre? Raul said. “Quiere que sea lo mejor para los hijos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What would a father want? He wants what’s best for his children.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A town shaped by a river\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The road into Firebaugh rolls up and over a wash, next to the spot where Andrew Firebaugh founded a ferry across the San Joaquin River that became an important stop on stagecoach routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The river has always been what kept this town alive, first as an obstacle around which they built a settlement and later as the lifeblood of its farms and fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-38-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A water tower that reads “Firebaugh” on its side over a street in a small town, with vehicles driving by between local businesses.\">\u003cfigcaption>The water tower in Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just outside of town, the pavement has fractured and buckled. The street signs are tiny and faded on the broad grid of roads bounded by fields that push right up to the street. You orient yourself with both cardinal directions and crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Prunus amygdalus\u003c/em>, also called almond trees, look like they’re raising their arms. \u003cem>Pistacia vera\u003c/em>, the pistachio tree, look like they’re shrugging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uncovered truck bed bins spill ripe red tomatoes on tight turns. Tractors with their tillers raised trundle slowly down the highway. On the side of the road bobs of lettuce heads peek out of the ground, followed by a massive pile of unhulled almonds, and then a series of palm trees, some very tall and some a little squat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/092425-Melon-Farm-Day-2-LV-13-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A ground-level view of two rows of trees growing crops in an agricultural field on a cloudy morning.\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/092425_Melon-Farm-Day-2_LV_CM_08-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A semi-truck carrying crops drives down the street during an early morning illuminated by the soft orange light of the sunrise.\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First:\u003c/strong> Rows of trees in an orchard outside of Firebaugh.\u003cstrong> Last:\u003c/strong> A truck carrying crops drives through farmland outside of Firebaugh in Fresno County on Sept. 24, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the corner of one of these roads, just before it meets the interstate, is the melon farm owned by Joe Del Bosque, Raul’s employer of 21 years. And the first thing people inclined to these kinds of questions will ask Del Bosque is why he hires undocumented labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He begins explaining his trouble hiring people on the federal H-2A visa, which permits employers to hire foreign seasonal workers. It’s not just that he has to pay them $3 more per hour, Del Bosque said. It’s that he must also pay for their transportation to and from the farm every day. He must pay for the rooms where they sleep and the food they eat. It is, he said, economically impossible to rely on the visa program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next suggestion is hiring local people. Del Bosque laughed and said he tried that. The locals made it a week, at the most, and then found some other way to make money that didn’t leave them sore all over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows that one day soon, he’ll likely have to turn over operations to the only family member active in the business, his son-in-law. But that’s only if there’s still a farm to hand over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t have a lot of confidence that the future of our farm and a lot of farms is looking very good right now,” Del Bosque said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-30.jpg\" alt=\"A ground-level view of a man dressed in a cowboy hat and a button-down shirt standing in a watermelon field. The vines from the field are visible in the lower portion of the frame, with a part of a mountain range peaking out in the background and a blue sky as the backdrop.\">\u003cfigcaption>Joe Del Bosque, owner of Del Bosque Farms, stands in one of his melon fields as they are being harvested outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Labor is already sounding the alarm on losing farmworkers and the threat that poses to the nation’s food supply in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/10/02/2025-19365/adverse-effect-wage-rate-methodology-for-the-temporary-employment-of-h-2a-nonimmigrants-in-non-range\">notice in the Federal Register in October.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The near total cessation of the inflow of illegal aliens combined with the lack of an available legal workforce, results in significant disruptions to production costs and threatening the stability of domestic food production and prices for U.S consumers,” the department said in a rule-making proposal that would allow employers to pay H-2A workers less than they are paying now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unless the Department acts immediately to provide a source of stable and lawful labor, this threat will grow,” the notice said, citing the likelihood of enhanced immigration enforcement under the budget bill Trump signed earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those longer-term consequences in the labor market won’t be felt evenly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>This is Trump country\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fresno County and the rest of the Central Valley went for Trump in the 2024 election. Del Bosque calls himself a conservative, though he \u003ca href=\"https://www.opensecrets.org/donor-lookup/results?name=joe+del+bosque\">donates to both parties\u003c/a> – Democratic Sen. Adam Schiff and former President \u003ca href=\"https://obamaoralhistory.columbia.edu/interviews/joe-del-bosque\">Barack Obama\u003c/a> have both made public visits to his acreage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next to his farm – right up on the property line where everyone will see it – is a massive Trump 2024 sign, erected by his neighbor. No one driving to the Del Bosque Farm will miss it. Del Bosque laughs about it, but it’s also a reflection of how their differing crops help define their politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-34-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A banner on a sign that reads “2024 TRUMP END THIS HELL SAVE AMERICA NOW” on the side of a country road next to a fence. In the background is a red barn on a ranch and a mountain range.\">\u003cfigcaption>A Trump sign posted on a neighboring property of Del Bosque Farms outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Del Bosque grows melons, which are labor intensive and require lots of people to work long hours. He supports an easier path to employment for undocumented workers. Next door, his neighbor grows almonds. They only require one person to drive a “shaker” to get the nuts out of the trees and another to operate the basket that catches them as they fall. His neighbor, whom CalMatters was unable to contact, doesn’t require much labor at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here’s the thing, not all farms are the same, not all farmers are the same,” Del Bosque said. “I’m concerned about these people. (The neighbor) is not concerned about that, because he has almonds. He manages his almonds with just him and one or two more people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He can do his whole farm with two, three people. So this immigration (enforcement) does not affect him at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Author and Central Valley farmer David Mas Masumoto wrote about neighborly tension in his 1995 “Epitaph for a Peach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We depend on labor from Mexico, part of a seasonal flow of men and families. Many come here for the summer, return to Mexico during the slow winter months, and return the following year. They’re predominantly young men with the faces of boys. We’re dependent on their strong backs and quick hands. And they are hungry for work.…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This September, farmers drive down the road staring straight ahead, steering clear of a chance meeting with a competitor who was once a neighbor. Eyes avoid eyes, hands hesitate and refrain from waving. It’s an ugly September.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politics out here can make it a whole ugly season.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Big and rapid change’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What if they don’t come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have a precedent for trying to understand that major of a disruption to our state’s economy and demographics,” said Liz Carlisle, an associate professor in the Environmental Studies Program at UC Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/092425-Melon-Farm-Day-2-LV-12-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A view of field workers walking in a line between rows of trees in an agricultural field and a country road. The workers are walking along power poles near the field as the sun rises in the background, casting a golden haze across the sky.\">\u003cfigcaption>Farmworkers walk past rows of trees on an orchard outside of Firebaugh in Fresno County on Sept. 24, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Something is changing in one of the world’s most productive agricultural regions. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060895/visiting-a-vineyard-to-see-how-the-bays-wine-industry-is-doing\">Wine grapes are going unharvested\u003c/a>, rotting in the fields, as exports to Canada collapsed under new tariffs and younger consumers started shying away from alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.siliconvalley.com/2025/01/28/california-groundwater-crisis-farms-fail/\">Land values are cratering\u003c/a> in places with limited water, leaving farmers in multi-million dollar debt. Water costs are skyrocketing in part because of a \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">2014 conservation law\u003c/a> that seeks to regulate years of agricultural over-pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think we’re looking at the potential of really big and rapid change to California’s agricultural sector and all of the workers and everything that touches the economy,” Carlisle said. “It’s kind of a perfect storm because you have major shifts in trade policy at the same time as you have major shifts in the workforce at the same time you have major shifts in climate and potential regulatory responses to those climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that’s a lot of huge transformations for people in the agricultural sector to try to manage at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the problems were the usual problems: Five or six big storms clobbered the Central Valley with rain and hail, hitting young crops just as they were approaching maturity. But larger battles loom.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>During the first Trump administration, the labor market for Central Valley farmers tightened significantly, said California Fresh Fruits Association president Daniel Hartwig, when migration numbers plummeted and farms would lose workers to a neighboring operation that offered an extra 25 cents per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this second go-round with Trump as president, those concerns seem almost archaic. Now, Hartwig said, he’ll spend a couple hours every week running down rumors of immigration enforcement: an unmarked white van in Madera County that turned out to belong to a carpet cleaning business; a cluster of cars outside a health clinic that turned out to be a local police operation; a shaky TikTok of unknown provenance showing men in green fatigues that sent farmworkers rushing back to their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you did let your imagination run wild, especially if you were undocumented, everywhere you look, around the corner, is somebody that you’re fearful is going to try and get you and deport you,” Hartwig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now these towns in the lower basin of the Central Valley hunker down for an anxious winter, on the farms, at the food bank, in Firebaugh’s City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are dependent on so many factors out of their own control. Executive impulses in the White House. Cloud formations and wind speeds. Commodity prices set globally. Water prices set locally. And in the winter there is time to think and there is time to ask questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will the federal government increase immigration enforcement at farms? Will it rain enough early in the season? Will it rain too much when the fruit is in the fields? Could there be a repeat of last year’s heat wave? Or this year’s storms? What if the water gets costlier? What if the commodities get cheaper?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a question perhaps more crucial than any other: What if they don’t come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: Author David Mas Masumoto is a member of the CalMatters board of director\u003c/em>s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/11/immigration-california-farms/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "misinformation-spreads-as-trump-moves-to-cut-aid-for-some-california-students",
"title": "Misinformation Spreads as Trump Moves to Cut Aid for Some California Students",
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"headTitle": "Misinformation Spreads as Trump Moves to Cut Aid for Some California Students | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Trump administration\u003c/a> sued \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> last week, threatening to end key benefits for students without legal status, Michelle was scrolling social media when she saw a video that made her panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.caed.475466/gov.uscourts.caed.475466.1.0.pdf\">is challenging\u003c/a> California’s policy of providing in-state tuition, scholarships and subsidized loans to immigrants without legal status — including Michelle, an immigrant who is a community college student in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-mateo-county\">San Mateo County\u003c/a>. CalMatters has agreed to withhold her full name because she fears drawing attention to her legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On TikTok, rumors swirled. Michelle saw a video of a young man, around her age, asking if the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@king.squidwardd/video/7574821777012985118?q=is%20fafsa%20getting%20taken%20away%20king.squidwardd&t=1764088724748\">is gone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, FAFSA is still around, and while the new lawsuit could affect some students’ financial aid, some top legal experts say the Trump administration is unlikely to win. Regardless, the court process may take weeks or much longer to resolve the government’s claims against California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit, the U.S. Department of Justice alleges that California’s policy of granting in-state tuition and financial aid for some students without legal status is unconstitutional. Federal lawyers also argue that California’s policies violate a 1996 federal law, which bars states from providing benefits to residents without legal status that aren’t also available to U.S. citizens who live anywhere in the U.S. The Justice Department is arguing that California either needs to drop the policy or let all U.S. citizens, including those who are out-of-state, pay the same rate.[aside postID=news_12063723 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251110-COLLEGE-STUDENTS-CALFRESH-MD-01-KQED.jpg']In California, over \u003ca href=\"https://www.higheredimmigrationportal.org/state/california/\">100,000 college students\u003c/a> lack legal status, according to one estimate by an alliance of university leaders who advocate for immigrants. Federal assistance, such as Pell grants and federal student loans, are off-limits to anyone who isn’t a U.S. citizen or does not have permanent legal status. California has its own money for college financial aid, which it distributes according to state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as individuals meet certain requirements, such as attending three years of high school in California, they’re eligible for in-state tuition, saving as much as $39,000 of dollars each year \u003ca href=\"https://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/tuition-financial-aid/tuition-cost-of-attendance/\">compared\u003c/a> to their out-of-state peers. Once they meet those requirements, students without legal status can also qualify for the state’s cornerstone financial aid program, known as Cal Grant, though \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/undocumented-student-affordability-report\">only a small fraction\u003c/a> of these students actually apply for and receive it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Kevin Johnson, a law professor at UC Davis, Trump’s actions may be more about political wins than legal ones. “The Trump administration is engaged in a full-court press on undocumented immigrants and so-called sanctuary jurisdictions, and California and Governor Newsom in particular,” Johnson said. That the U.S. Department of Justice named the suit “United States of America v. Newsom” is another indication that this is political, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others noted that states have\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2025/08/immigrants-california/\"> already invested\u003c/a> in students without legal status and denying them an affordable path toward a college education is a waste of resources. Economists have pointed out that immigrants without status also are \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/11/immigration-california-farms/\">integral\u003c/a> to the U.S. workforce and aren’t \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/06/trumps-first-immigration-crackdown-shrank-californias-population-it-could-happen-again/\">easily replaceable\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We didn’t expect them to go this low’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even weak lawsuits or outright misinformation can make students nervous during November, when college and financial aid application season is in full swing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On TikTok, videos of students \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@biancadanae_/video/7351047038030597422?q=fafsa%20glitches&t=1764088866073\">panicking\u003c/a> about the financial aid system surfaced last winter, after the Biden administration delayed and botched the rollout of the new FAFSA. Among its many \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/02/federal-financial-aid/\">glitches\u003c/a>, the new form prevented students whose parents lacked a Social Security number from submitting their information.[aside postID=news_12065240 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/IMG_4486-1020x765.jpeg']After Trump was elected last November, fears about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@brisprivatediary/video/7434187434746711327?q=is%20fafsa%20getting%20taken%20away&t=1764076992930\">total demise\u003c/a> of federal financial aid swirled again on TikTok. Over the course of this year, as his administration targets universities and continues to dismantle the U.S. Department of Education, those fears have \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@christian_jwalker/video/7484092163530280235?q=is%20fafsa%20getting%20taken%20away&t=1764076992930\">persisted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Trump seeks to impose a $1 billion penalty on UCLA for alleged civil rights abuses, though a federal judge recently \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2025/11/uc/\">handed the White House a temporary loss \u003c/a>on that front. His administration is also suing California colleges and universities for alleged antisemitism violations and has sought to freeze or curtail billions of dollars in federal research funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of those freezes have been blocked or reversed \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2025/09/ucla-research-grants/\">by federal judges\u003c/a>, but hundreds of millions of dollars still remain \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2025/11/uc-tuition/#:~:text=Nearly%20800%20employees,totalling%20%24230%20million\">cut off to campuses\u003c/a>. Much, if not all, of those friction points between California and Trump could be resolved through settlements and negotiations, which are political in nature, said UCLA law professor Hiroshi Motomura in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Trump was elected, state leaders, including Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/legislators/david-alvarez-112993\">David Alvarez\u003c/a>, a Chula Vista Democrat, pushed for California to offer additional benefits to students without legal status, such as the opportunity to work \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/05/undocumented-students-work/\">campus jobs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with access to financial aid programs at risk for these students, Alvarez said the focus is shifting. “We didn’t expect it would go this low as to go after students that the president had previously said should be welcomed here.” In 2024, Trump told a podcast host that students should \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/theallinpod/status/1803932968794108081?lang=en\">“automatically”\u003c/a> receive “a Green Card,” otherwise known as permanent residency, when they get their college diploma.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Legal scholars doubt Trump’s lawsuit will win\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit against California is the Trump administration’s sixth against states with policies allowing in-state tuition for students without legal status. The White House went after \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2025/06/04/texas-justice-department-lawsuit-undocumented-in-state-tuition/\">Texas first\u003c/a>, in June. Underscoring how much of a bipartisan issue in-state tuition is, Texan lawmakers were the first in the U.S. to enshrine the policy in 2001. In all, \u003ca href=\"https://www.higheredimmigrationportal.org/states/\">more than\u003c/a> 20 states passed some in-state tuition policy benefiting some residents without legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s legal attacks on the policy this year prompted leaders in \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/70562424/united-states-v-beshear/\">Kentucky\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2025/08/06/after-doj-sues-okla-ends-state-tuition-noncitizens\">Oklahoma\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2025/06/04/texas-justice-department-lawsuit-undocumented-in-state-tuition/\">Texas\u003c/a> to side with the White House to terminate the benefit in those respective states. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2025/11/20/judge-lets-group-defend-kys-undocumented-state-tuition\">legal groups\u003c/a> that want to continue in-state tuition for students lacking legal status are challenging those states’ moves.[aside postID=news_12065375 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/240508-Berkeley-High-File-MD-03_qed.jpg']Trump has also sued Minnesota and Illinois, states with Democrats as governors and attorneys general who are \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mnd.226137/gov.uscourts.mnd.226137.9.0.pdf\">challenging\u003c/a> Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ilsd.106533/gov.uscourts.ilsd.106533.18.0.pdf\">lawsuits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.caed.475466/gov.uscourts.caed.475466.1.0.pdf#page=12\">says that\u003c/a> the federal law in question bars students without legal status from receiving in-state tuition and financial aid benefits based on their living in the state. This, the federal lawyers argue, violates federal law since public campuses in California require U.S. citizens from other states to pay higher tuition rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, California’s law, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=200120020AB540\">Assembly Bill 540\u003c/a>, doesn’t extend in-state tuition based on where students live, scholars and a previous court ruling say. Instead, students generally need to prove that they \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/post/california-nonresident-tuition-exemption\">attended three years of high school\u003c/a> or community college in California; they also need to earn in California a high school diploma or obtain enough community college credits to be eligible for transfer into a public university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice says those three-year high school or community college requirements are tantamount to an in-state residency criteria and therefore violate the 1996 federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the California Supreme Court in 2010 already \u003ca href=\"https://cases.justia.com/california/supreme-court/S167791.PDF?ts=1462305163\">struck down that interpretation\u003c/a>. The high court observed that some students living in areas bordering California are permitted to study at California high schools. High school students from out of state enrolled in private boarding schools also satisfy the requirement; they don’t count as residents of California either. And students who were residents of California during high school but moved to a different state could still enroll in California colleges or universities paying in-state tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these scenarios require a student to complete the same AB 540 application as students who lack legal status. The only difference is that students without status must also complete an affidavit that they’ll pursue legal residency as soon as they can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the University of California enrolled more students under AB 540 who were legal U.S. residents than those who weren’t, the state high court said then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Congress had intended to prohibit states entirely from making unlawful aliens eligible for in-state tuition, it could easily have done so,” the state Supreme Court wrote in 2010. But Congress didn’t do that, the court noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers in California who passed AB 540 in 2001 knew what the federal law restricted, said Motomura, and they crafted a state law that wouldn’t contravene what Congress intended. “It was drafted to avoid the residency test, and it was drafted to avoid the exclusion of U.S. citizens,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s likely next\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California has already signaled that it will fight the lawsuit. “The Trump Administration has once again missed the mark with its latest attack on California, and we look forward to proving it in court,” wrote Nina Sheridan, a spokesperson for the California Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the UC and the community college system said their tuition and financial aid policies have always been legally compliant. The Cal State University system did not respond to a request for comment.[aside postID=news_12063793 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251028_IMMIGRANT-MASS-_HERNANDEZ-17-KQED.jpg']The Trump administration may also seek a preliminary injunction to halt California’s in-state tuition law for nonresidents, which would again expose Californians to a seesaw of temporary court orders, sometimes contradictory in nature, while the full legal merits of the case play out slowly in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas A. Saenz, president and general counsel for the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, or MALDEF, thinks the U.S. Supreme Court will likely side with California despite its conservative orientation if the case goes that far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major legal question underscoring the case against California is when and how federal rules preempt or supersede state laws. The Trump White House is arguing California’s in-state policies are preempted by federal law. But the legal concept of preemption is a pillar in jurisprudence. Liberal and conservative interests benefit similarly from a consistent application of preemption as a legal concept, Saenz said. For example, businesses rely on preemption rules in situations where a state law is more progressive or consumer-friendly than a federal rule and want courts to defend them from following the more demanding state rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court is “going to be very wary of making bad law in the realm of preemption, because it could then come back to bite the right wing in protecting businesses,” Saenz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Michelle and other students without legal status navigating their own financial aid applications — and the misinformation online — a series of temporary court orders could create more panic. Financial aid is top of mind, said Michelle, but she doesn’t have time to track the legal back-and-forth of her eligibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to being a full-time student, Michelle works four days a week at a restaurant, saving up money not only to support herself but also her family. She’s the oldest of four kids and said she sends $500 to her parents each month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>College is “an opportunity for me to be someone in life, to make my parents proud,” she said. Asked about the lawsuit at the cafeteria of her college, Michelle made a choking gesture with her hand, as though the threat of losing financial aid next year could kill her. “Trump is taking that opportunity away because he doesn’t like immigrants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadline to submit financial aid applications for community college is Sept. 2, but Michelle is already working on her application, just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/11/electric-bills-will-not-reflect-historically-low-profit-margins/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Trump administration is suing California, asking the state to end its policies allowing students without legal status to access in-state tuition and financial aid. But the administration’s legal argument is weak, according to top legal experts.\r\n\r\n\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Trump administration\u003c/a> sued \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> last week, threatening to end key benefits for students without legal status, Michelle was scrolling social media when she saw a video that made her panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.caed.475466/gov.uscourts.caed.475466.1.0.pdf\">is challenging\u003c/a> California’s policy of providing in-state tuition, scholarships and subsidized loans to immigrants without legal status — including Michelle, an immigrant who is a community college student in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-mateo-county\">San Mateo County\u003c/a>. CalMatters has agreed to withhold her full name because she fears drawing attention to her legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On TikTok, rumors swirled. Michelle saw a video of a young man, around her age, asking if the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@king.squidwardd/video/7574821777012985118?q=is%20fafsa%20getting%20taken%20away%20king.squidwardd&t=1764088724748\">is gone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, FAFSA is still around, and while the new lawsuit could affect some students’ financial aid, some top legal experts say the Trump administration is unlikely to win. Regardless, the court process may take weeks or much longer to resolve the government’s claims against California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit, the U.S. Department of Justice alleges that California’s policy of granting in-state tuition and financial aid for some students without legal status is unconstitutional. Federal lawyers also argue that California’s policies violate a 1996 federal law, which bars states from providing benefits to residents without legal status that aren’t also available to U.S. citizens who live anywhere in the U.S. The Justice Department is arguing that California either needs to drop the policy or let all U.S. citizens, including those who are out-of-state, pay the same rate.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In California, over \u003ca href=\"https://www.higheredimmigrationportal.org/state/california/\">100,000 college students\u003c/a> lack legal status, according to one estimate by an alliance of university leaders who advocate for immigrants. Federal assistance, such as Pell grants and federal student loans, are off-limits to anyone who isn’t a U.S. citizen or does not have permanent legal status. California has its own money for college financial aid, which it distributes according to state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as individuals meet certain requirements, such as attending three years of high school in California, they’re eligible for in-state tuition, saving as much as $39,000 of dollars each year \u003ca href=\"https://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/tuition-financial-aid/tuition-cost-of-attendance/\">compared\u003c/a> to their out-of-state peers. Once they meet those requirements, students without legal status can also qualify for the state’s cornerstone financial aid program, known as Cal Grant, though \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/undocumented-student-affordability-report\">only a small fraction\u003c/a> of these students actually apply for and receive it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Kevin Johnson, a law professor at UC Davis, Trump’s actions may be more about political wins than legal ones. “The Trump administration is engaged in a full-court press on undocumented immigrants and so-called sanctuary jurisdictions, and California and Governor Newsom in particular,” Johnson said. That the U.S. Department of Justice named the suit “United States of America v. Newsom” is another indication that this is political, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others noted that states have\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2025/08/immigrants-california/\"> already invested\u003c/a> in students without legal status and denying them an affordable path toward a college education is a waste of resources. Economists have pointed out that immigrants without status also are \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/11/immigration-california-farms/\">integral\u003c/a> to the U.S. workforce and aren’t \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/06/trumps-first-immigration-crackdown-shrank-californias-population-it-could-happen-again/\">easily replaceable\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We didn’t expect them to go this low’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even weak lawsuits or outright misinformation can make students nervous during November, when college and financial aid application season is in full swing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On TikTok, videos of students \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@biancadanae_/video/7351047038030597422?q=fafsa%20glitches&t=1764088866073\">panicking\u003c/a> about the financial aid system surfaced last winter, after the Biden administration delayed and botched the rollout of the new FAFSA. Among its many \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/02/federal-financial-aid/\">glitches\u003c/a>, the new form prevented students whose parents lacked a Social Security number from submitting their information.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>After Trump was elected last November, fears about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@brisprivatediary/video/7434187434746711327?q=is%20fafsa%20getting%20taken%20away&t=1764076992930\">total demise\u003c/a> of federal financial aid swirled again on TikTok. Over the course of this year, as his administration targets universities and continues to dismantle the U.S. Department of Education, those fears have \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@christian_jwalker/video/7484092163530280235?q=is%20fafsa%20getting%20taken%20away&t=1764076992930\">persisted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Trump seeks to impose a $1 billion penalty on UCLA for alleged civil rights abuses, though a federal judge recently \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2025/11/uc/\">handed the White House a temporary loss \u003c/a>on that front. His administration is also suing California colleges and universities for alleged antisemitism violations and has sought to freeze or curtail billions of dollars in federal research funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of those freezes have been blocked or reversed \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2025/09/ucla-research-grants/\">by federal judges\u003c/a>, but hundreds of millions of dollars still remain \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2025/11/uc-tuition/#:~:text=Nearly%20800%20employees,totalling%20%24230%20million\">cut off to campuses\u003c/a>. Much, if not all, of those friction points between California and Trump could be resolved through settlements and negotiations, which are political in nature, said UCLA law professor Hiroshi Motomura in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Trump was elected, state leaders, including Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/legislators/david-alvarez-112993\">David Alvarez\u003c/a>, a Chula Vista Democrat, pushed for California to offer additional benefits to students without legal status, such as the opportunity to work \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/05/undocumented-students-work/\">campus jobs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with access to financial aid programs at risk for these students, Alvarez said the focus is shifting. “We didn’t expect it would go this low as to go after students that the president had previously said should be welcomed here.” In 2024, Trump told a podcast host that students should \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/theallinpod/status/1803932968794108081?lang=en\">“automatically”\u003c/a> receive “a Green Card,” otherwise known as permanent residency, when they get their college diploma.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Legal scholars doubt Trump’s lawsuit will win\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit against California is the Trump administration’s sixth against states with policies allowing in-state tuition for students without legal status. The White House went after \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2025/06/04/texas-justice-department-lawsuit-undocumented-in-state-tuition/\">Texas first\u003c/a>, in June. Underscoring how much of a bipartisan issue in-state tuition is, Texan lawmakers were the first in the U.S. to enshrine the policy in 2001. In all, \u003ca href=\"https://www.higheredimmigrationportal.org/states/\">more than\u003c/a> 20 states passed some in-state tuition policy benefiting some residents without legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s legal attacks on the policy this year prompted leaders in \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/70562424/united-states-v-beshear/\">Kentucky\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2025/08/06/after-doj-sues-okla-ends-state-tuition-noncitizens\">Oklahoma\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2025/06/04/texas-justice-department-lawsuit-undocumented-in-state-tuition/\">Texas\u003c/a> to side with the White House to terminate the benefit in those respective states. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2025/11/20/judge-lets-group-defend-kys-undocumented-state-tuition\">legal groups\u003c/a> that want to continue in-state tuition for students lacking legal status are challenging those states’ moves.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Trump has also sued Minnesota and Illinois, states with Democrats as governors and attorneys general who are \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mnd.226137/gov.uscourts.mnd.226137.9.0.pdf\">challenging\u003c/a> Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ilsd.106533/gov.uscourts.ilsd.106533.18.0.pdf\">lawsuits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.caed.475466/gov.uscourts.caed.475466.1.0.pdf#page=12\">says that\u003c/a> the federal law in question bars students without legal status from receiving in-state tuition and financial aid benefits based on their living in the state. This, the federal lawyers argue, violates federal law since public campuses in California require U.S. citizens from other states to pay higher tuition rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, California’s law, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=200120020AB540\">Assembly Bill 540\u003c/a>, doesn’t extend in-state tuition based on where students live, scholars and a previous court ruling say. Instead, students generally need to prove that they \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/post/california-nonresident-tuition-exemption\">attended three years of high school\u003c/a> or community college in California; they also need to earn in California a high school diploma or obtain enough community college credits to be eligible for transfer into a public university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice says those three-year high school or community college requirements are tantamount to an in-state residency criteria and therefore violate the 1996 federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the California Supreme Court in 2010 already \u003ca href=\"https://cases.justia.com/california/supreme-court/S167791.PDF?ts=1462305163\">struck down that interpretation\u003c/a>. The high court observed that some students living in areas bordering California are permitted to study at California high schools. High school students from out of state enrolled in private boarding schools also satisfy the requirement; they don’t count as residents of California either. And students who were residents of California during high school but moved to a different state could still enroll in California colleges or universities paying in-state tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these scenarios require a student to complete the same AB 540 application as students who lack legal status. The only difference is that students without status must also complete an affidavit that they’ll pursue legal residency as soon as they can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the University of California enrolled more students under AB 540 who were legal U.S. residents than those who weren’t, the state high court said then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Congress had intended to prohibit states entirely from making unlawful aliens eligible for in-state tuition, it could easily have done so,” the state Supreme Court wrote in 2010. But Congress didn’t do that, the court noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers in California who passed AB 540 in 2001 knew what the federal law restricted, said Motomura, and they crafted a state law that wouldn’t contravene what Congress intended. “It was drafted to avoid the residency test, and it was drafted to avoid the exclusion of U.S. citizens,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s likely next\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California has already signaled that it will fight the lawsuit. “The Trump Administration has once again missed the mark with its latest attack on California, and we look forward to proving it in court,” wrote Nina Sheridan, a spokesperson for the California Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the UC and the community college system said their tuition and financial aid policies have always been legally compliant. The Cal State University system did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Trump administration may also seek a preliminary injunction to halt California’s in-state tuition law for nonresidents, which would again expose Californians to a seesaw of temporary court orders, sometimes contradictory in nature, while the full legal merits of the case play out slowly in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas A. Saenz, president and general counsel for the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, or MALDEF, thinks the U.S. Supreme Court will likely side with California despite its conservative orientation if the case goes that far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major legal question underscoring the case against California is when and how federal rules preempt or supersede state laws. The Trump White House is arguing California’s in-state policies are preempted by federal law. But the legal concept of preemption is a pillar in jurisprudence. Liberal and conservative interests benefit similarly from a consistent application of preemption as a legal concept, Saenz said. For example, businesses rely on preemption rules in situations where a state law is more progressive or consumer-friendly than a federal rule and want courts to defend them from following the more demanding state rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court is “going to be very wary of making bad law in the realm of preemption, because it could then come back to bite the right wing in protecting businesses,” Saenz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Michelle and other students without legal status navigating their own financial aid applications — and the misinformation online — a series of temporary court orders could create more panic. Financial aid is top of mind, said Michelle, but she doesn’t have time to track the legal back-and-forth of her eligibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to being a full-time student, Michelle works four days a week at a restaurant, saving up money not only to support herself but also her family. She’s the oldest of four kids and said she sends $500 to her parents each month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>College is “an opportunity for me to be someone in life, to make my parents proud,” she said. Asked about the lawsuit at the cafeteria of her college, Michelle made a choking gesture with her hand, as though the threat of losing financial aid next year could kill her. “Trump is taking that opportunity away because he doesn’t like immigrants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadline to submit financial aid applications for community college is Sept. 2, but Michelle is already working on her application, just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/11/electric-bills-will-not-reflect-historically-low-profit-margins/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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