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Fiore has received two awards for his work in new media from the National Cartoonists Society (2001, 2002), and in 2006 received The James Madison Freedom of Information Award from The Society of Professional Journalists.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"MarkFiore","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/markfiore/?hl=en","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Mark Fiore | KQED","description":"KQED News Cartoonist","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/markfiore"},"jplaczek":{"type":"authors","id":"8606","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"8606","found":true},"name":"Jessica Placzek","firstName":"Jessica","lastName":"Placzek","slug":"jplaczek","email":"jessicalplaczek@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jessica Placzek is a former senior editor of podcasts at KQED where she served as the editorial lead of the podcast department. She worked with shows like MindShift, Rightnowish, Consider This, SOLD OUT, Bay Curious and The Bay. She’s also been a reporter and audio producer at KQED, KPFA, and KALW. She taught audio production to men incarcerated at California State Prison Solano and edited pieces they produced for the Uncuffed podcast through KALW. In 2018 she co-hosted and produced the third season of Raw Material for SFMOMA. In New Orleans she wrote for the Nola Defender. Her work has also appeared on Marketplace, All Things Considered, The California Report, and Vice. You can find more at jessicaplaczek.com\u003c/span>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4505f7be77b50826a2a1b8bd3a120685?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jessica Placzek | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4505f7be77b50826a2a1b8bd3a120685?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4505f7be77b50826a2a1b8bd3a120685?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jplaczek"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11813529":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11813529","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11813529","score":null,"sort":[1713803437000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-rivers-caught-fire-a-brief-history-of-earth-day","title":"When Rivers Caught Fire: A Brief History of Earth Day","publishDate":1713803437,"format":"standard","headTitle":"When Rivers Caught Fire: A Brief History of Earth Day | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>To start, a quick quiz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Which labor group helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Which president made the following statement?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Restoring nature to its natural state is a cause beyond party and beyond factions … It is a cause of particular concern to young Americans, because they, more than we, will wreak the grim consequences of our failure to act on programs which are needed now if we are to prevent disaster later.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for the answers!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, on the 54nd anniversary of Earth Day, our planet needs all the love it can get. From the increasingly severe impacts of climate change to rapid deforestation and species extinction, there is broad scientific consensus that we’re up against a mounting number of potentially catastrophic challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Former Sen. Gaylord Nelson, D-Wisconsin\"]‘If the people really understood that in the lifetime of their children, they’re going to have destroyed the quality of the air and the water all over the world and perhaps made the globe unlivable in a half century, they’d do something about it. But this is not well understood.’[/pullquote]The evidence notwithstanding, many of America’s strongest environmental protections have long been under attack, and took a particularly harsh beating over the past four years of the Trump administration, when efforts to dismantle regulations went into extreme overdrive — much of which President Biden is now trying to undo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For what it’s worth, though, the environmental outlook in the late 1960s wasn’t too rosy either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After decades of largely unregulated industrial and economic growth in the wake of World War II, the U.S. had managed to majorly muck up its air and water resources. Toxic effluent from factories frequently spilled into streams and rivers. Open spaces were used as dumping grounds. DDT and other synthetic chemicals contaminated natural habitats and water supplies. And air pollution from factories and belching cars left many industrial areas shrouded in thick blankets of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a handful of the environmental catastrophes that happened within less than three years:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>November 1966\u003c/strong>: In New York City, 168 people die of respiratory-related illnesses over a three-day period due primarily to horrendously poor air quality.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>March 1967\u003c/strong>: Interior Department Secretary Stewart L. Udall announces the first official list of endangered wildlife species. Among the 78 species is the bald eagle, America’s national bird.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>January 1969\u003c/strong>: A blowout at an offshore oil rig near Santa Barbara caused as much as \u003ca href=\"http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/about/media/45-years-after-santa-barbara-oil-spill-looking-historic-disaster-through-technology.html\">4.2 million gallons of crude oil to spill\u003c/a> into the Santa Barbara Channel and onto nearby beaches. It lasts for 10 straight days, becoming (at that point) the largest oil spill in American history. Today, it ranks only third, overtaken by the 1989 Exxon Valdez and 2010 Deepwater Horizon spills).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>June 1969\u003c/strong>: A particularly fetid industrial stretch of the Cuyahoga River running through Cleveland bursts into flames (seriously) when oil-soaked debris in the water is ignited by sparks from a passing train.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/nlHiaZFvcXA\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A movement begins\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As urban unrest and the anti-war movement ignited across the nation, environmental activism had yet to gain a strong foothold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the people really understood that in the lifetime of their children, they’re going to have destroyed the quality of the air and the water all over the world and perhaps made the globe unlivable in a half century, they’d do something about it. But this is not well understood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a quote from Sen. Gaylord Nelson, a Democrat from Wisconsin, who spearheaded a national day of awareness in the aftermath of these environmental disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we could tap into the environmental concerns of the general public and infuse the student anti-war energy into the environmental cause, we could generate a demonstration that would force the issue onto the national political agenda.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late 1969, Nelson formed a bipartisan congressional steering committee and enlisted Denis Hayes, a 25-year-old Harvard Law School dropout, to coordinate the initiative. Influenced by anti-war campus activism, Hayes sought to organize environmental teach-ins throughout the country to occur simultaneously on April 22, 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a limited budget and no email or internet access, Hayes and a small group of organizers mailed out thousands of appeals, recruiting an army of young volunteers to organize local events in communities and campuses across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 30, 1969, the New York Times reported:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rising concern about the ‘environmental crisis’ is sweeping the nation’s campuses with an intensity that may be on its way to eclipsing student discontent over the war in Vietnam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The big launch\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Interviewed in the recent PBS documentary “\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/earthdays/player/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Earth Days\u003c/a>,” Hayes recalled the sentiment:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lord knows what we thought we were doing. It was wild and exciting and out of control and the sort of thing that lets you know you’ve really got something big happening … What we were trying to do was create a brand-new public consciousness that would cause the rules of the game to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, an estimated 20 million people participated in that first Earth Day, a name coined by advertising guru \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/22/401540530/julian-koenig-well-known-adman-named-earth-day\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Julian Koenig\u003c/a> (father of Sarah Koenig of “Serial” podcast fame).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/topics/earthday.pdf\">Read the New York Times article from April 22, 1970.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/WbwC281uzUs?list=PL3480E41AA956A42B\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a huge high adrenaline effort that in the end genuinely changed things,” Hayes said. “Before [that], there were people that opposed freeways, people that opposed clear-cutting, or people worried about pesticides, [but] they didn’t think of themselves as having anything in common. After Earth Day they were all part of an environmental movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes’ assertions were affirmed by several national polls showing a rapid rise in the public’s concern about air and water resources. In the \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=Xaw_LEGXnLgC&pg=PA152&lpg=PA152&dq=gallup+poll+1970+air+and+water&source=bl&ots=2VWCAqHwG0&sig=cHedWfHfSGwQged_dPXyHtrbjSg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GEs1VfCRCJe3ogS7yoHIAQ&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=gallup%20poll%201970%20air%20and%20water&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gallup Opinion Index\u003c/a>, the percentage of respondents who considered air and water pollution a top national problem rose from 17% in 1969 to 53% by 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Earth Day the following year, an independent group launched an anti-litter public service announcement, known as the “Crying Indian,” which featured a white actor in a headdress, rowing a birch bark canoe and shedding a tear when he sees garbage strewn everywhere. Despite the ad’s culturally questionable premise, it proved enormously popular and is still considered one of the most successful public service announcements in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/9Dmtkxm9yQY\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Unexpected alliances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That brings us back to the first question of the quiz. The group most supportive of the first Earth Day organizing effort — financially and otherwise — was none other than the United Auto Workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/UAW.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1888 alignright\" style=\"border: 0px none;\" title=\"UAW\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/UAW-300x387.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>A labor union not generally thought of for championing environmental causes, the UAW donated funds for the event and turned out volunteers across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UAW President Walter Reuther pledged his union’s full support for Earth Day and for subsequent air quality legislation that the auto industry staunchly opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What good is a dollar an hour more in wages if your neighborhood is burning down?” he said. “What good is another week’s vacation if the lake you used to go to is polluted and you can’t swim in it and the kids can’t play in it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sensing a political shift, General Motors president Edward Cole soon thereafter promised “pollution-free” cars by 1980. (That didn’t pan out so well.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Golden era of environmental regulation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Remember the mystery quote?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was said by President Richard Nixon during his 1970 State of the Union address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, that Nixon, the conservative Republican most commonly remembered for prolonging America’s involvement in Vietnam and resigning in disgrace over the Watergate scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nixon also oversaw the most sweeping environmental regulations in the nation’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the first Earth Day, Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"http://ceq.hss.doe.gov/\">National Environmental Policy Act\u003c/a>, which among other things, required environmental impact statements for major new building projects and developments. Nixon signed it into law on Jan. 1, 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalism had never been one of Nixon’s major political priorities, but his administration — like the UAW — recognized the shifting political tide, as public outcry and media attention to environmental issues increased. It also didn’t hurt that at the time both the House and Senate were controlled by Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"earth-day\"]Within months, Nixon approved the creation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency \u003c/a>(EPA) and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003c/a>(NOAA). Later that year, he signed an extension of the Clean Air Act, requiring the newly formed EPA to create and enforce air regulations, which among other things led to the installation of catalytic converters on all cars sold in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of 1972, Nixon signed the Clean Water Act, Pesticide Control Act (which banned DDT) and Marine Mammal Protection Act. A year later, he also signed the Endangered Species Act and the Safe Water Drinking Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these bills were approved with bipartisan support in Congress, in some instances nearly unanimously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a televised speech in 1972, Nixon said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are taking these actions not in some distant future, but now, because we know that it is now or never.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental conditions in the United States began to slowly improve. Which is not to say there wasn’t strong political opposition and major lingering problems, But for a time — stretching through the Ford and Carter administrations — the pursuit of environmentalism maintained a strong bipartisan support. In the last year of his presidency, Carter even installed solar panels on the roof of the White House to promote renewable energy initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>End of the green honeymoon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The economic slowdown in the late 1970s swept in a tide of political change. In 1981, a year into his first term as president, Ronald Reagan appointed two aggressive defenders of industry to head the EPA and the Department of the Interior. As part of the “Reagan Revolution,” the administration moved rapidly to slash federal budgets, cutting the EPA’s funding by nearly half. Environmental enforcement was weakened considerably, as large swaths of public land were opened up for mining, drilling, grazing and other private uses. In a famous symbolic act, the solar panels on the White House roof were dismantled during his second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be fair, a number of significant environmental policies were advanced during Reagan’s administration, including the Superfund program to clean up hazardous waste sites, creation of wilderness areas and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ozone/intpol/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Montreal Protocol\u003c/a>, an international agreement to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of substances responsible for its depletion, an effort that has been largely successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the anti-regulatory sentiment established during Reagan’s presidency took root. Efforts to strengthen the nation’s environmental protection laws grew increasingly partisan, a trend that continues today. The stream of regulatory measures approved by Nixon four decades ago would have scant chance of passing today’s Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his populist presidential campaign, President Trump repeatedly took aim at environmental regulations, promising to roll them back and attacking them as elitist, job-killing measures that showed just how out of touch politicians were with the true concerns of ordinary Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Benefit of tangible problems\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Organizers of the first Earth Day had a key advantage: They were tackling visible, tangible problems impacting people’s daily lives. Rivers and lakes were too polluted for kids to swim in; parks were strewn with trash; people were getting sick from foul air. The evidence was indisputable, and it made it a whole lot easier to draw clear connections between quality of life and the urgent need for strong environmental protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, many of today’s major environmental dangers, like climate change, which threaten to be even more catastrophic, remain pretty abstract to many Americans. Unless you’ve been a victim of some disaster directly related to climate change — say, your house has been destroyed because of wildfires or sea-level rise — it’s harder to connect the dots. And that makes it far more challenging to convey the sense of urgency necessary to mobilize the masses and pressure lawmakers to act. The abundance of scientific evidence showing that burning fossil fuels is the key driver of climate change, and the persistent warnings by scientists and activists of impending disaster if we continue along this course, have clearly not proven effective enough to push the kind of sweeping environmental policies enacted in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States, one of the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitters, refused to join the Kyoto Protocol, a 2005 international treaty approved by 180 nations requiring rapid cuts in emissions, and in 2010, Congress failed to pass comprehensive national climate change legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. did, however, under the Obama administration, sign on to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/world/europe/climate-change-accord-paris.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">landmark international climate accord in Paris in 2015\u003c/a>, in which it committed to dramatically reducing its carbon emissions over the next decade. And although President Trump succeeded in briefly \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/11/04/trump-makes-it-official-us-will-withdraw-paris-climate-accord/\">withdrawing\u003c/a> from the agreement, the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/19/969387323/u-s-officially-rejoins-paris-agreement-on-climate-change\">officially rejoined it\u003c/a> in February under the Biden administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/02/963014373/how-fast-will-biden-need-to-move-on-climate-really-really-fast\">has consistently pledged\u003c/a> to make climate change one of its top priorities. And on this Earth Day, Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/22/988051091/biden-makes-new-pledge-for-u-s-greenhouse-gas-emissions-a-50-cut\">opened a global summit\u003c/a> on climate change by announcing that the U.S. would aim to cut its greenhouse gas emissions in half — from 2005 levels — by the end of the decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that portends fierce political battles ahead, and it’s very much unclear if the will exists among federal and state lawmakers to take meaningful action to meet that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which begs the ominous question: What degree of disaster is necessary to spur a new era of sweeping environmental change in America?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How the first Earth Day, in 1970, led to some of America's most sweeping environmental reforms. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713811275,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":55,"wordCount":2384},"headData":{"title":"When Rivers Caught Fire: A Brief History of Earth Day | KQED","description":"How the first Earth Day, in 1970, led to some of America's most sweeping environmental reforms. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"When Rivers Caught Fire: A Brief History of Earth Day","datePublished":"2024-04-22T16:30:37.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-22T18:41:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11813529/when-rivers-caught-fire-a-brief-history-of-earth-day","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>To start, a quick quiz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Which labor group helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Which president made the following statement?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Restoring nature to its natural state is a cause beyond party and beyond factions … It is a cause of particular concern to young Americans, because they, more than we, will wreak the grim consequences of our failure to act on programs which are needed now if we are to prevent disaster later.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for the answers!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, on the 54nd anniversary of Earth Day, our planet needs all the love it can get. From the increasingly severe impacts of climate change to rapid deforestation and species extinction, there is broad scientific consensus that we’re up against a mounting number of potentially catastrophic challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘If the people really understood that in the lifetime of their children, they’re going to have destroyed the quality of the air and the water all over the world and perhaps made the globe unlivable in a half century, they’d do something about it. But this is not well understood.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Former Sen. Gaylord Nelson, D-Wisconsin","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The evidence notwithstanding, many of America’s strongest environmental protections have long been under attack, and took a particularly harsh beating over the past four years of the Trump administration, when efforts to dismantle regulations went into extreme overdrive — much of which President Biden is now trying to undo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For what it’s worth, though, the environmental outlook in the late 1960s wasn’t too rosy either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After decades of largely unregulated industrial and economic growth in the wake of World War II, the U.S. had managed to majorly muck up its air and water resources. Toxic effluent from factories frequently spilled into streams and rivers. Open spaces were used as dumping grounds. DDT and other synthetic chemicals contaminated natural habitats and water supplies. And air pollution from factories and belching cars left many industrial areas shrouded in thick blankets of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a handful of the environmental catastrophes that happened within less than three years:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>November 1966\u003c/strong>: In New York City, 168 people die of respiratory-related illnesses over a three-day period due primarily to horrendously poor air quality.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>March 1967\u003c/strong>: Interior Department Secretary Stewart L. Udall announces the first official list of endangered wildlife species. Among the 78 species is the bald eagle, America’s national bird.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>January 1969\u003c/strong>: A blowout at an offshore oil rig near Santa Barbara caused as much as \u003ca href=\"http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/about/media/45-years-after-santa-barbara-oil-spill-looking-historic-disaster-through-technology.html\">4.2 million gallons of crude oil to spill\u003c/a> into the Santa Barbara Channel and onto nearby beaches. It lasts for 10 straight days, becoming (at that point) the largest oil spill in American history. Today, it ranks only third, overtaken by the 1989 Exxon Valdez and 2010 Deepwater Horizon spills).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>June 1969\u003c/strong>: A particularly fetid industrial stretch of the Cuyahoga River running through Cleveland bursts into flames (seriously) when oil-soaked debris in the water is ignited by sparks from a passing train.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/nlHiaZFvcXA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/nlHiaZFvcXA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch2>A movement begins\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As urban unrest and the anti-war movement ignited across the nation, environmental activism had yet to gain a strong foothold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the people really understood that in the lifetime of their children, they’re going to have destroyed the quality of the air and the water all over the world and perhaps made the globe unlivable in a half century, they’d do something about it. But this is not well understood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a quote from Sen. Gaylord Nelson, a Democrat from Wisconsin, who spearheaded a national day of awareness in the aftermath of these environmental disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we could tap into the environmental concerns of the general public and infuse the student anti-war energy into the environmental cause, we could generate a demonstration that would force the issue onto the national political agenda.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late 1969, Nelson formed a bipartisan congressional steering committee and enlisted Denis Hayes, a 25-year-old Harvard Law School dropout, to coordinate the initiative. Influenced by anti-war campus activism, Hayes sought to organize environmental teach-ins throughout the country to occur simultaneously on April 22, 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a limited budget and no email or internet access, Hayes and a small group of organizers mailed out thousands of appeals, recruiting an army of young volunteers to organize local events in communities and campuses across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 30, 1969, the New York Times reported:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rising concern about the ‘environmental crisis’ is sweeping the nation’s campuses with an intensity that may be on its way to eclipsing student discontent over the war in Vietnam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The big launch\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Interviewed in the recent PBS documentary “\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/earthdays/player/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Earth Days\u003c/a>,” Hayes recalled the sentiment:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lord knows what we thought we were doing. It was wild and exciting and out of control and the sort of thing that lets you know you’ve really got something big happening … What we were trying to do was create a brand-new public consciousness that would cause the rules of the game to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, an estimated 20 million people participated in that first Earth Day, a name coined by advertising guru \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/22/401540530/julian-koenig-well-known-adman-named-earth-day\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Julian Koenig\u003c/a> (father of Sarah Koenig of “Serial” podcast fame).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/topics/earthday.pdf\">Read the New York Times article from April 22, 1970.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/WbwC281uzUs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/WbwC281uzUs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“It was a huge high adrenaline effort that in the end genuinely changed things,” Hayes said. “Before [that], there were people that opposed freeways, people that opposed clear-cutting, or people worried about pesticides, [but] they didn’t think of themselves as having anything in common. After Earth Day they were all part of an environmental movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes’ assertions were affirmed by several national polls showing a rapid rise in the public’s concern about air and water resources. In the \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=Xaw_LEGXnLgC&pg=PA152&lpg=PA152&dq=gallup+poll+1970+air+and+water&source=bl&ots=2VWCAqHwG0&sig=cHedWfHfSGwQged_dPXyHtrbjSg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GEs1VfCRCJe3ogS7yoHIAQ&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=gallup%20poll%201970%20air%20and%20water&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gallup Opinion Index\u003c/a>, the percentage of respondents who considered air and water pollution a top national problem rose from 17% in 1969 to 53% by 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Earth Day the following year, an independent group launched an anti-litter public service announcement, known as the “Crying Indian,” which featured a white actor in a headdress, rowing a birch bark canoe and shedding a tear when he sees garbage strewn everywhere. Despite the ad’s culturally questionable premise, it proved enormously popular and is still considered one of the most successful public service announcements in history.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9Dmtkxm9yQY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9Dmtkxm9yQY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch2>Unexpected alliances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That brings us back to the first question of the quiz. The group most supportive of the first Earth Day organizing effort — financially and otherwise — was none other than the United Auto Workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/UAW.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1888 alignright\" style=\"border: 0px none;\" title=\"UAW\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/UAW-300x387.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>A labor union not generally thought of for championing environmental causes, the UAW donated funds for the event and turned out volunteers across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UAW President Walter Reuther pledged his union’s full support for Earth Day and for subsequent air quality legislation that the auto industry staunchly opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What good is a dollar an hour more in wages if your neighborhood is burning down?” he said. “What good is another week’s vacation if the lake you used to go to is polluted and you can’t swim in it and the kids can’t play in it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sensing a political shift, General Motors president Edward Cole soon thereafter promised “pollution-free” cars by 1980. (That didn’t pan out so well.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Golden era of environmental regulation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Remember the mystery quote?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was said by President Richard Nixon during his 1970 State of the Union address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, that Nixon, the conservative Republican most commonly remembered for prolonging America’s involvement in Vietnam and resigning in disgrace over the Watergate scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nixon also oversaw the most sweeping environmental regulations in the nation’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the first Earth Day, Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"http://ceq.hss.doe.gov/\">National Environmental Policy Act\u003c/a>, which among other things, required environmental impact statements for major new building projects and developments. Nixon signed it into law on Jan. 1, 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalism had never been one of Nixon’s major political priorities, but his administration — like the UAW — recognized the shifting political tide, as public outcry and media attention to environmental issues increased. It also didn’t hurt that at the time both the House and Senate were controlled by Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","tag":"earth-day"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Within months, Nixon approved the creation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency \u003c/a>(EPA) and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003c/a>(NOAA). Later that year, he signed an extension of the Clean Air Act, requiring the newly formed EPA to create and enforce air regulations, which among other things led to the installation of catalytic converters on all cars sold in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of 1972, Nixon signed the Clean Water Act, Pesticide Control Act (which banned DDT) and Marine Mammal Protection Act. A year later, he also signed the Endangered Species Act and the Safe Water Drinking Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these bills were approved with bipartisan support in Congress, in some instances nearly unanimously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a televised speech in 1972, Nixon said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are taking these actions not in some distant future, but now, because we know that it is now or never.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental conditions in the United States began to slowly improve. Which is not to say there wasn’t strong political opposition and major lingering problems, But for a time — stretching through the Ford and Carter administrations — the pursuit of environmentalism maintained a strong bipartisan support. In the last year of his presidency, Carter even installed solar panels on the roof of the White House to promote renewable energy initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>End of the green honeymoon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The economic slowdown in the late 1970s swept in a tide of political change. In 1981, a year into his first term as president, Ronald Reagan appointed two aggressive defenders of industry to head the EPA and the Department of the Interior. As part of the “Reagan Revolution,” the administration moved rapidly to slash federal budgets, cutting the EPA’s funding by nearly half. Environmental enforcement was weakened considerably, as large swaths of public land were opened up for mining, drilling, grazing and other private uses. In a famous symbolic act, the solar panels on the White House roof were dismantled during his second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be fair, a number of significant environmental policies were advanced during Reagan’s administration, including the Superfund program to clean up hazardous waste sites, creation of wilderness areas and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ozone/intpol/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Montreal Protocol\u003c/a>, an international agreement to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of substances responsible for its depletion, an effort that has been largely successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the anti-regulatory sentiment established during Reagan’s presidency took root. Efforts to strengthen the nation’s environmental protection laws grew increasingly partisan, a trend that continues today. The stream of regulatory measures approved by Nixon four decades ago would have scant chance of passing today’s Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his populist presidential campaign, President Trump repeatedly took aim at environmental regulations, promising to roll them back and attacking them as elitist, job-killing measures that showed just how out of touch politicians were with the true concerns of ordinary Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Benefit of tangible problems\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Organizers of the first Earth Day had a key advantage: They were tackling visible, tangible problems impacting people’s daily lives. Rivers and lakes were too polluted for kids to swim in; parks were strewn with trash; people were getting sick from foul air. The evidence was indisputable, and it made it a whole lot easier to draw clear connections between quality of life and the urgent need for strong environmental protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, many of today’s major environmental dangers, like climate change, which threaten to be even more catastrophic, remain pretty abstract to many Americans. Unless you’ve been a victim of some disaster directly related to climate change — say, your house has been destroyed because of wildfires or sea-level rise — it’s harder to connect the dots. And that makes it far more challenging to convey the sense of urgency necessary to mobilize the masses and pressure lawmakers to act. The abundance of scientific evidence showing that burning fossil fuels is the key driver of climate change, and the persistent warnings by scientists and activists of impending disaster if we continue along this course, have clearly not proven effective enough to push the kind of sweeping environmental policies enacted in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States, one of the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitters, refused to join the Kyoto Protocol, a 2005 international treaty approved by 180 nations requiring rapid cuts in emissions, and in 2010, Congress failed to pass comprehensive national climate change legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. did, however, under the Obama administration, sign on to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/world/europe/climate-change-accord-paris.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">landmark international climate accord in Paris in 2015\u003c/a>, in which it committed to dramatically reducing its carbon emissions over the next decade. And although President Trump succeeded in briefly \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/11/04/trump-makes-it-official-us-will-withdraw-paris-climate-accord/\">withdrawing\u003c/a> from the agreement, the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/19/969387323/u-s-officially-rejoins-paris-agreement-on-climate-change\">officially rejoined it\u003c/a> in February under the Biden administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/02/963014373/how-fast-will-biden-need-to-move-on-climate-really-really-fast\">has consistently pledged\u003c/a> to make climate change one of its top priorities. And on this Earth Day, Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/22/988051091/biden-makes-new-pledge-for-u-s-greenhouse-gas-emissions-a-50-cut\">opened a global summit\u003c/a> on climate change by announcing that the U.S. would aim to cut its greenhouse gas emissions in half — from 2005 levels — by the end of the decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that portends fierce political battles ahead, and it’s very much unclear if the will exists among federal and state lawmakers to take meaningful action to meet that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which begs the ominous question: What degree of disaster is necessary to spur a new era of sweeping environmental change in America?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11813529/when-rivers-caught-fire-a-brief-history-of-earth-day","authors":["1263"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_255","news_21074","news_19367","news_2920"],"featImg":"news_11813537","label":"news"},"news_11974963":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11974963","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11974963","score":null,"sort":[1707422403000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"saving-salmon-newsom-unveils-blueprint-for-ending-decades-long-decline","title":"Saving Salmon: Newsom Unveils Blueprint for Ending Decades-Long Decline","publishDate":1707422403,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Saving Salmon: Newsom Unveils Blueprint for Ending Decades-Long Decline | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>With salmon populations throughout California declining for decades and \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/SOS-II-Fish-in-Hot-Water-Report.pdf\">facing the threat of extinction (PDF)\u003c/a>, Gov. Gavin Newsom on Tuesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Salmon-Strategy-for-a-Hotter-Drier-Future.pdf\">unveiled a state strategy (PDF)\u003c/a> aimed at protecting and restoring the iconic species “amidst hotter and drier weather exacerbated by climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blueprint calls for tearing down dams and improving passages for migrating salmon, restoring flows in key waterways, modernizing hatcheries to raise fish and taking other steps to help chinook, coho, steelhead and other migrating fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doubling down to make sure this species not only adapts in the face of extreme weather but remains a fixture of California’s natural beauty and ecosystems for generations to come,” Newsom said in \u003ca href=\"http://:%20https//www.gov.ca.gov/2024/01/30/governor-newsom-launches-californias-salmon-strategy-for-a-hotter-drier-future/\">a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/91bCe/4/\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fewer than \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=84381&inline\">80,000 Central Valley fall-run chinook salmon\u003c/a> — a mainstay of the state’s salmon fishery — returned to spawn in 2022, according to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. It’s a decline of nearly 40% from the previous year and the lowest since 2009. Last year, all salmon fishing was canceled in California and much of Oregon due to low numbers projected to return from the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threats to California’s salmon are many — dams that block migration, diversions that drain rivers, ocean conditions and climate change. And the effects of the decline are wide-ranging: loss of fishery jobs, impacts on tribes’ food security and cultures, no local supplies for restaurants and consumers, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]‘We’re doubling down to make sure this species not only adapts in the face of extreme weather but remains a fixture of California’s natural beauty and ecosystems for generations to come.’[/pullquote]Many of the projects and solutions outlined in Newsom’s report are already underway, or under the direction of the federal government, tribes and conservation groups. Included are the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/08/klamath-river-dams-demolition/\">historic demolition of four aging hydroelectric dams on the Klamath River\u003c/a> and reintroduction of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/12/chinook-salmon-california-mccloud-river/\">endangered Sacramento River winter-run chinook eggs\u003c/a> to the McCloud River upstream of Lake Shasta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulatory efforts include establishing minimum flows on the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/12/klamath-basin-tribes-ranchers-water-salmon/\">fiercely contested Scott and Shasta Rivers\u003c/a> and the long-delayed and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/water/2023/09/california-delta-bay-plan/\">controversial management plan for the Bay-Delta\u003c/a>, the heart of the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmental groups called the plan a ploy to burnish Newsom’s image after taking other steps that jeopardized salmon: his waiver of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/02/water-board-waives-environmental-rules-delta-water/\">water quality requirements in the Delta\u003c/a> that protect salmon, his support of a controversial pact with \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/water/2023/09/california-delta-bay-plan/\">major water suppliers\u003c/a>, and his backing \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-water-delta-tunnel/\">of the Delta tunnel project\u003c/a>, which the state’s environmental assessment warned \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/07/delta-tunnel-water-report/\">could put salmon at risk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Artis, executive director of the Golden State Salmon Association, said in a statement that the plan is “packed full of good stuff that we have been fighting to get for years,” but said, “It conflicts with what the Newsom administration has been doing for years to devastate California’s most important salmon runs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What it potentially boils down to is conveniently timed smoke and mirrors,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11974965\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11974965\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/082217-Salmon-Fishing-CM-01-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Three fish freshly caught.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1046\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/082217-Salmon-Fishing-CM-01-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/082217-Salmon-Fishing-CM-01-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/082217-Salmon-Fishing-CM-01-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/082217-Salmon-Fishing-CM-01-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/082217-Salmon-Fishing-CM-01-copy-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Freshly caught salmon from the San Francisco Bay Area on Aug. 22, 2017. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Andrew Bland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plan “is a repackaging of victories by tribes and environmental and fishing organizations across the state, which were hard-fought and which happened to fall on Governor Newsom’s watch,” said Jon Rosenfield, science director of San Francisco Baykeeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor has spent his entire administration resisting new protections for salmon, waiving existing protections, making sure his water board didn’t adopt new regulatory safeguards that everyone agrees are necessary,” he said. “And now, in the sixth year of his administration, he’s got a plan, which doesn’t include any of the fixes that the best available science says are necessary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, he said the state should stop promoting major water diversions like \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-water-delta-tunnel/\">the Delta tunnel\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/02/california-sites-reservoir/\">Sites Reservoir\u003c/a> and instead reduce demand for water, particularly among growers. He also raised concerns that the administration has backed voluntary agreements with major water suppliers related to Bay-Delta flows that could undermine and supplant science-based, mandatory standards developed by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11954645,news_11957340,news_11974205\"]Though Newsom’s strategy pledges to complete these long-awaited standards for the Bay-Delta by the end of 2025, it also says they “could include potential Voluntary Agreements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-01/epa-comments-on-sept-2023-ca-swrcb-sac-delta-draft-staff-report-2024-01-19.pdf\">has said these agreements (PDF)\u003c/a> “do not provide flow to ensure year-round protection or protection in critical dry years” and that the flows are “not large enough to adequately restore and protect aquatic ecosystems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Trout, a conservation organization, welcomed Newsom’s support for habitat restoration and demolishing barriers \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/campaigns/eel-river-dams\">like the Scott and Cape Horn dams,\u003c/a> which block fish migration on the Eel River. PG&E released its \u003ca href=\"https://www.pottervalleysurrenderproceeding.com/\">preliminary plans for removing these dams in November\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These actions are critical and urgent in light of climate change,” Darren Mierau, CalTrout program director in the North Coast region, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/SOS-II-Fish-in-Hot-Water-Report.pdf\">California Trout and UC Davis scientists predict that the state (PDF)\u003c/a> will lose nearly \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/sos/native-species\">half of its native salmon and trout species\u003c/a> in the next 50 years if conditions continue unchanged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After 10 years of rapidly intensifying drought with episodic bouts of rain and snow events, salmon are not doing well,” Newsom’s salmon plan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s strategy document comes with the heavy caveat that “it will require time, effort, and funding” and that the pace “will depend upon the feasibility and availability of resources and competing priorities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://calmatters-salmon-habitat-lost-dams.netlify.app/?initialWidth=780&childId=pymTarget&parentTitle=Newsom%20unveils%20blueprint%20for%20ending%20decades-long%20salmon%20decline-%20CalMatters&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fcalmatters.org%2Fenvironment%2F2024%2F01%2Fcalifornia-salmon-newsom-plan%2F\" width=\"800\" height=\"850\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strategy takes aim at the many dams, large and small, that choke off nearly 90% of spawning and rearing habitat in cool mountain streams. It lists efforts underway to demolish dams on the Eel River that impound water in Lake and Mendocino counties and impede Southern California steelhead, an endangered species, in Los Angeles and Ventura counties. Several projects would remove or reduce barriers on the Feather River, including upgrades to parts of the Oroville-Thermalito complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/12/chinook-salmon-california-mccloud-river/\">Also included are projects to reintroduce salmon in rivers across the state, such as an effort already begun on the McCloud River, where chinook salmon haven’t spawned for over 80 years.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wide-ranging strategy also calls for improving hatcheries that raise fish to introduce into the wild and updating data collection about stream flows, temperature and salmon migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future of California salmon is up to us all,” the plan concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Newsom’s plan includes dam removals and restoring river flows to save chinook and other salmon runs that are collapsing, but conservation groups call it too little, too late.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1707347837,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/91bCe/4/","https://calmatters-salmon-habitat-lost-dams.netlify.app/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1163},"headData":{"title":"Saving Salmon: Newsom Unveils Blueprint for Ending Decades-Long Decline | KQED","description":"Newsom’s plan includes dam removals and restoring river flows to save chinook and other salmon runs that are collapsing, but conservation groups call it too little, too late.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Saving Salmon: Newsom Unveils Blueprint for Ending Decades-Long Decline","datePublished":"2024-02-08T20:00:03.000Z","dateModified":"2024-02-07T23:17:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/rachel-becker/\">Rachel Becker\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11974963/saving-salmon-newsom-unveils-blueprint-for-ending-decades-long-decline","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With salmon populations throughout California declining for decades and \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/SOS-II-Fish-in-Hot-Water-Report.pdf\">facing the threat of extinction (PDF)\u003c/a>, Gov. Gavin Newsom on Tuesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Salmon-Strategy-for-a-Hotter-Drier-Future.pdf\">unveiled a state strategy (PDF)\u003c/a> aimed at protecting and restoring the iconic species “amidst hotter and drier weather exacerbated by climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blueprint calls for tearing down dams and improving passages for migrating salmon, restoring flows in key waterways, modernizing hatcheries to raise fish and taking other steps to help chinook, coho, steelhead and other migrating fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doubling down to make sure this species not only adapts in the face of extreme weather but remains a fixture of California’s natural beauty and ecosystems for generations to come,” Newsom said in \u003ca href=\"http://:%20https//www.gov.ca.gov/2024/01/30/governor-newsom-launches-californias-salmon-strategy-for-a-hotter-drier-future/\">a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/91bCe/4/\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fewer than \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=84381&inline\">80,000 Central Valley fall-run chinook salmon\u003c/a> — a mainstay of the state’s salmon fishery — returned to spawn in 2022, according to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. It’s a decline of nearly 40% from the previous year and the lowest since 2009. Last year, all salmon fishing was canceled in California and much of Oregon due to low numbers projected to return from the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threats to California’s salmon are many — dams that block migration, diversions that drain rivers, ocean conditions and climate change. And the effects of the decline are wide-ranging: loss of fishery jobs, impacts on tribes’ food security and cultures, no local supplies for restaurants and consumers, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We’re doubling down to make sure this species not only adapts in the face of extreme weather but remains a fixture of California’s natural beauty and ecosystems for generations to come.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Gov. Gavin Newsom","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Many of the projects and solutions outlined in Newsom’s report are already underway, or under the direction of the federal government, tribes and conservation groups. Included are the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/08/klamath-river-dams-demolition/\">historic demolition of four aging hydroelectric dams on the Klamath River\u003c/a> and reintroduction of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/12/chinook-salmon-california-mccloud-river/\">endangered Sacramento River winter-run chinook eggs\u003c/a> to the McCloud River upstream of Lake Shasta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulatory efforts include establishing minimum flows on the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/12/klamath-basin-tribes-ranchers-water-salmon/\">fiercely contested Scott and Shasta Rivers\u003c/a> and the long-delayed and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/water/2023/09/california-delta-bay-plan/\">controversial management plan for the Bay-Delta\u003c/a>, the heart of the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmental groups called the plan a ploy to burnish Newsom’s image after taking other steps that jeopardized salmon: his waiver of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/02/water-board-waives-environmental-rules-delta-water/\">water quality requirements in the Delta\u003c/a> that protect salmon, his support of a controversial pact with \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/water/2023/09/california-delta-bay-plan/\">major water suppliers\u003c/a>, and his backing \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-water-delta-tunnel/\">of the Delta tunnel project\u003c/a>, which the state’s environmental assessment warned \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/07/delta-tunnel-water-report/\">could put salmon at risk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Artis, executive director of the Golden State Salmon Association, said in a statement that the plan is “packed full of good stuff that we have been fighting to get for years,” but said, “It conflicts with what the Newsom administration has been doing for years to devastate California’s most important salmon runs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What it potentially boils down to is conveniently timed smoke and mirrors,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11974965\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11974965\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/082217-Salmon-Fishing-CM-01-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Three fish freshly caught.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1046\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/082217-Salmon-Fishing-CM-01-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/082217-Salmon-Fishing-CM-01-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/082217-Salmon-Fishing-CM-01-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/082217-Salmon-Fishing-CM-01-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/082217-Salmon-Fishing-CM-01-copy-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Freshly caught salmon from the San Francisco Bay Area on Aug. 22, 2017. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Andrew Bland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plan “is a repackaging of victories by tribes and environmental and fishing organizations across the state, which were hard-fought and which happened to fall on Governor Newsom’s watch,” said Jon Rosenfield, science director of San Francisco Baykeeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor has spent his entire administration resisting new protections for salmon, waiving existing protections, making sure his water board didn’t adopt new regulatory safeguards that everyone agrees are necessary,” he said. “And now, in the sixth year of his administration, he’s got a plan, which doesn’t include any of the fixes that the best available science says are necessary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, he said the state should stop promoting major water diversions like \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-water-delta-tunnel/\">the Delta tunnel\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/02/california-sites-reservoir/\">Sites Reservoir\u003c/a> and instead reduce demand for water, particularly among growers. He also raised concerns that the administration has backed voluntary agreements with major water suppliers related to Bay-Delta flows that could undermine and supplant science-based, mandatory standards developed by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11954645,news_11957340,news_11974205"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Though Newsom’s strategy pledges to complete these long-awaited standards for the Bay-Delta by the end of 2025, it also says they “could include potential Voluntary Agreements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-01/epa-comments-on-sept-2023-ca-swrcb-sac-delta-draft-staff-report-2024-01-19.pdf\">has said these agreements (PDF)\u003c/a> “do not provide flow to ensure year-round protection or protection in critical dry years” and that the flows are “not large enough to adequately restore and protect aquatic ecosystems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Trout, a conservation organization, welcomed Newsom’s support for habitat restoration and demolishing barriers \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/campaigns/eel-river-dams\">like the Scott and Cape Horn dams,\u003c/a> which block fish migration on the Eel River. PG&E released its \u003ca href=\"https://www.pottervalleysurrenderproceeding.com/\">preliminary plans for removing these dams in November\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These actions are critical and urgent in light of climate change,” Darren Mierau, CalTrout program director in the North Coast region, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/SOS-II-Fish-in-Hot-Water-Report.pdf\">California Trout and UC Davis scientists predict that the state (PDF)\u003c/a> will lose nearly \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/sos/native-species\">half of its native salmon and trout species\u003c/a> in the next 50 years if conditions continue unchanged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After 10 years of rapidly intensifying drought with episodic bouts of rain and snow events, salmon are not doing well,” Newsom’s salmon plan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s strategy document comes with the heavy caveat that “it will require time, effort, and funding” and that the pace “will depend upon the feasibility and availability of resources and competing priorities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://calmatters-salmon-habitat-lost-dams.netlify.app/?initialWidth=780&childId=pymTarget&parentTitle=Newsom%20unveils%20blueprint%20for%20ending%20decades-long%20salmon%20decline-%20CalMatters&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fcalmatters.org%2Fenvironment%2F2024%2F01%2Fcalifornia-salmon-newsom-plan%2F\" width=\"800\" height=\"850\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strategy takes aim at the many dams, large and small, that choke off nearly 90% of spawning and rearing habitat in cool mountain streams. It lists efforts underway to demolish dams on the Eel River that impound water in Lake and Mendocino counties and impede Southern California steelhead, an endangered species, in Los Angeles and Ventura counties. Several projects would remove or reduce barriers on the Feather River, including upgrades to parts of the Oroville-Thermalito complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/12/chinook-salmon-california-mccloud-river/\">Also included are projects to reintroduce salmon in rivers across the state, such as an effort already begun on the McCloud River, where chinook salmon haven’t spawned for over 80 years.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wide-ranging strategy also calls for improving hatcheries that raise fish to introduce into the wild and updating data collection about stream flows, temperature and salmon migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future of California salmon is up to us all,” the plan concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11974963/saving-salmon-newsom-unveils-blueprint-for-ending-decades-long-decline","authors":["byline_news_11974963"],"categories":["news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_18538","news_21074","news_27626","news_32571","news_3531"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11974964","label":"news_18481"},"news_11936802":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11936802","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11936802","score":null,"sort":[1672916417000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes","title":"Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes","publishDate":1672916417,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3QhozaD\">\u003cem>Read a transcript of this episode here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is inspired by a question from Bay Curious listener Beth Touchette. She asked, “How did we end up allowing cattle in Point Reyes National Seashore?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]aturday, Aug. 28, 2021, brought a dramatic scene to the normally peaceful, windblown hills of Tomales Point in Point Reyes National Seashore. Dozens of people, from small children to older adults, hauled jugs of water over hills and through valleys only to dump their precious cargo into nearly dry ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteers were trying to keep the Tule elk that live on a fenced preserve alive during one of California’s longest droughts. In 2019, nearly a third of the herd died from a shortage of water and malnutrition — in part because they could not roam beyond the tall fence that contained them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Elk/Tule-Elk\">Tule elk\u003c/a> are an endemic species found only in California. They were hunted almost to extinction in the 1800s, but have been making a comeback in places like Point Reyes. The elk are big, averaging around 400 pounds, and need room to roam and forage. But this herd is isolated behind the fence to keep them away from another animal grazing in the park — an animal that some environmentalists say is being given priority: cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Point Reyes National Seashore was established in 1962, it’s been a lot of things to a lot of people. To the general public, it’s a beloved park that offers beautiful coastline, lush forests and windswept grassy hills. To environmentalists, it’s a habitat worth preserving. To ranchers, it’s the land their livelihoods depend on. To the area’s Native people, it’s long been a homeland with sacred sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one time, these competing interests could exist in relative harmony on the 70,000 acres that make up the park — but increasing demands on the land have caused things to sour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-scaled-e1672874259984.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-800x553.jpg\" alt=\"A group of female Tule elk lounge on a green hillside. The rugged California coastline and ocean are visible in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"553\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once abundant in Point Reyes, Tule elk were nearly hunted to extinction. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>How cattle came to graze on Point Reyes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Point Reyes peninsula is the homeland of the Coast Miwok people, who lived here for generations alongside the Tule elk. When Spanish missionaries colonized the area, they brought cows with them. Although the missionaries were based in San Rafael, their cows would roam as far west as the Point Reyes peninsula. Later, when Spain granted the land to Mexico, rancheros divided up the peninsula and continued to run cattle. After the Mexican-American war, California changed hands once again to become part of the United States. In the chaotic transition period, the boundaries of the Mexican ranches on the peninsula were challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at some of the Spanish land grants, they literally said from the tree to the rock,” said Loretta Farley, a former park ranger at Point Reyes National Seashore. “So that’s really open to interpretation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Squatters moved in and settled on the land. The Mexican rancheros took them to court, but lost because they didn’t have the paperwork to demarcate the boundaries of their land. The legal battles were many and complicated, but when the dust settled in 1857, the law firm of Shafter, Shafter, Park and Heydenfeldt emerged as primary owners of the peninsula we now know as Point Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a series of tremendous fights we have beaten our adversaries at all points and, what is more, have humbled the strongest and the proudest of them,” \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/pore/hrs-ranching.pdf\">wrote Oscar Shafter (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936882\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"881\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg 637w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map-160x221.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A historic map of the alphabet ranch parcels in Point Reyes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Shafter brothers divided their property into more than 30 sections and leased the land to immigrants flooding into the area from places like Ireland, Switzerland and the Azores, in Portugal. The Shafters named the ranches from A to Z, what we now call the historic alphabet ranches, and developed a flourishing dairy business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco was growing rapidly and people were hungry for the butter and cheese produced at the dairy farms. Later, when refrigeration was invented, the farms would also ship milk. At one point, the Point Reyes dairies produced more butter than anywhere else in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, the Shafter families sold some of their land to the farmers who had been leasing it from them. Some of those families are still operating beef and dairy ranches to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Home of the Coast Miwok\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many of the laborers on those early dairy ranches were Coast Miwok people who had been enslaved by Spanish missionaries, but returned to their homes along Tomales Bay if they were able. Their way of life had been completely upended, and now white ranchers owned the land and offered some of the only employment around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandmother was a ranch cook,” said Theresa Harlan. “My uncles worked on ranches as ranch hands.” Harlan is now the founder and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alliance4felixcove.org/\">Alliance for Felix Cove\u003c/a>; the cove is known as Laird’s Landing on maps. Harlan’s mother is Tomalko (Coast Miwok Tomales Bay) and grew up in a small wooden cabin here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My family would row a small skiff across the bay to get mail or supplies that they couldn’t make themselves,” she said. “They say it was a 30-minute row.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harlan’s family was evicted in the 1950s by the white dairy farmers who owned the land at the time, Sayles Turney and James Lundgren. Harlan’s family tried to fight the eviction, saying they’d been there since the 1800s, and the case went all the way to the state Supreme Court. Her family ultimately lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-scaled-e1672872337625.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A couple stands below the porch of an old wooden cabin\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Theresa Harlan and her husband, Ken Tiger, pose in front of the wood cabin her great-grandfather Joe Felix built. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a historic site,” Harlan said. “This needs to be protected. This little house sits neglected. Why? Why? Because it was the home of Tomalko people, California Indian people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s been pushing the National Park Service and the \u003ca href=\"https://gratonrancheria.com/\">Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria\u003c/a>, the federally recognized tribe with whom it partners to preserve Coast Miwok sites, to do more to explain and protect her family’s legacy here. In particular, she wants visitors to know that as recently as the 1950s Tomalko people lived here, but were pushed out, repeating the violent history of Indigenous people throughout California. This is family lore to her, not ancient history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other Coast Miwok archaeological sites in Point Reyes, but many of them are kept confidential because they are sacred. The cabins in Felix Cove represent a more modern side of Native American history here, one that existed alongside the ranching history, which has already been designated as historic. Still, far fewer people know about Theresa Harlan’s family than about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/news/newsreleases_20181113_ranches_national_register_of_historic_places.htm\">historic alphabet ranches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From private ranch land to national park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For decades, West Marin remained quite rural, with the ranches dominating local life and culture. But after World War II, when the Bay Area population was booming and demand for housing was high, real estate speculators started eyeing the Point Reyes peninsula for subdivision and development. Conservationists and local residents didn’t want to see that happen. They rallied together to advocate for a national seashore that would preserve the coastline for the public in perpetuity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A local U.S. representative, Clem Miller, was the primary force advocating for the national seashore in Washington, D.C. To achieve the dream, park advocates had to convince the ranchers to sell their land to the federal government. At first, many ranchers were adamantly opposed to the idea, but they also saw that if it wanted to, the government could use eminent domain to take their land, so instead they made a deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the government was most interested in preserving the coastline. So, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_gmp_ea_goga_pore_1980_map_management_zoning.pdf\">divided the park into pastoral zones and wilderness areas (PDF)\u003c/a>. The ranchers sold their land to the government, but retained the right to ranch the land in the pastoral zones. It took years for the federal government to acquire the land, but by 1978, most of the ranchers had signed 25-year leases. At the end of the lease, the Park Service could decide whether to renew or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrangement made most parties happy. Conservationists were proud to have saved the area for the public. And the ranchers had earned a chunk of cash, while retaining the right to lease their lands from the government. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/historyculture/people_coastmiwok.htm\">The Coast Miwok, however, continued to struggle for recognition.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original 25-year leases have long expired, but for decades the Park Service has renewed them on a five-year basis. This longevity has made the ranches an important part of the economy and culture of West Marin, as well as key players in the local organic food scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Recent controversies challenge the status quo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the National Park Service, which manages Point Reyes National Seashore, started a public process to update its Ranch Comprehensive Management Plan. Environmental groups watching the process believed the Park Service was heading down a road that would give ranchers more of what they wanted, without considering the rest of the park’s needs. So in 2016, a coalition of environmental groups sued the Park Service. They pointed out that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/management/upload/planning_gmp_1980.pdf\">Point Reyes General Management Plan (PDF)\u003c/a>, the document that governs park activities, hadn’t been updated since 1980. Awareness of sensitive habitats, endangered species, climate change and the impacts of cattle on ecosystems had evolved since then, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parties came to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_ranch_cmp_settlement_agreement_final_170714.pdf\">court-approved settlement agreement (PDF)\u003c/a> that required the Park Service to amend its general management plan with an emphasis on the 28,000 acres affected by ranching activities. They had to come up with several scenarios, including one that would eliminate all ranching from the park. They also had to detail the environmental impacts of their preferred option, which involved several rounds of public comment and a presentation before the California Coastal Commission, which safeguards the state’s coastline and is concerned with the health of the waterways that run into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936897\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg\" alt='Protesters hold signs that say \"Save the Elk\" and \"Protect the Herd.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People protest the National Park Service over a plan to cull Tule elk at Point Reyes National Seashore in Northern California. \u003ccite>(Peg Hunter/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the past several years, in public comment and through advocacy, environmentalists have argued that it’s time for cattle ranching to end in Point Reyes National Seashore. They say cattle suppress endemic plant species and endanger protected animals like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/amphibians/California_red-legged_frog/index.html\">California red-legged frog\u003c/a> when their manure gets into waterways. And, they’re concerned that as climate change worsens, drier conditions will be the norm, further upsetting ecosystems. If water and grass are scarce in Point Reyes, they say, it should go to the endemic flora and fauna, not cattle raised by private businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating the matter are the Tule elk, which have no natural predators now that grizzly bears no longer roam the area. Current management practices used throughout the state call for \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=162912&inline\">lethal termination to keep herd sizes in check (PDF)\u003c/a>. But in the 1990s, the Park Service got major pushback from the public when they proposed killing some of the Tule elk behind the fence once their numbers had grown too large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, in 1998, the Park Service moved some of the elk from behind the fence to a wilderness area near Limantour Beach. In the early 2000s, some of those elk migrated to an area near Drakes Beach, creating another herd.* These free-roaming herds have increasingly created problems for the ranchers, knocking down fences and competing for the same grass cattle eat. The Park Service has said it will actively keep these unfenced herds at specific sizes, terminating elk if need be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-scaled-e1672877098790.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936879\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Four male elk walk down a grassy hillside\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the ’70s, the Park Service designated the northern tip of Point Reyes as an elk preserve. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The elk situation has increasingly called attention to the Park Service’s management of the national seashore. Some Bay Area residents, like our question-asker this week, Beth Touchette, are wondering whether ranching is still appropriate there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Cattle ranching] never really bothered me until the drought got really bad,” she said. “There’s just limited resources and it’s like, well, how do we decide who gets this limited water? Should it be cattle ranching or should it be trying to keep the wildlife in the national park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranching advocates and the National Park Service say the issue needn’t be so cut-and-dried. While they admit they do need to plan for more extreme dry conditions in the future, they contend there are ways for the agency to balance ecological diversity with the direction from Congress and the Department of the Interior to continue to grant leases to ranchers. They say they are committed to more monitoring and regulation of the ranches in the park to ensure high environmental standards are met. In public comment, the ranchers also have committed to complying with environmental requirements. The Secretary of the interior could decide to end the decades long agreement, but so far each one, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/office-of-the-secretary\">the current Secretary Deb Haaland,\u003c/a> have not chosen to exercise that authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>All eyes on what’s next\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>History is at the heart of the debate about the future of Point Reyes National Seashore. The Coast Miwok were pushed off this land by Spanish colonizers, and again by ranchers decades later. Environmentalists and ranchers once found middle ground to create this 70,000-acre park. That ground has gotten shaky. How and if the Park Service can balance the interests of all parties going forward is yet to be seen. But the economic future of part of the community, the health of the environment and the very spirit of this land are at stake. Everyone will be watching what happens here next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An earlier version of this story said the NPS created the Drakes Bay herd, when in fact the second herd was a product of the original elk migrating to a new area. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Visitors searching for tule elk in Point Reyes are sometimes surprised to find cattle grazing on commercial ranches. This week on we explore the legacy of ranching on this land, and hear from those who want it to end.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700531898,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":2406},"headData":{"title":"Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes | KQED","description":"Visitors searching for tule elk in Point Reyes are sometimes surprised to find cattle grazing on commercial ranches. This week on we explore the legacy of ranching on this land, and hear from those who want it to end.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes","datePublished":"2023-01-05T11:00:17.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T01:58:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/EBCBFA/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC5399481021.mp3?updated=1672875097","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11936802/cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3QhozaD\">\u003cem>Read a transcript of this episode here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is inspired by a question from Bay Curious listener Beth Touchette. She asked, “How did we end up allowing cattle in Point Reyes National Seashore?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>aturday, Aug. 28, 2021, brought a dramatic scene to the normally peaceful, windblown hills of Tomales Point in Point Reyes National Seashore. Dozens of people, from small children to older adults, hauled jugs of water over hills and through valleys only to dump their precious cargo into nearly dry ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteers were trying to keep the Tule elk that live on a fenced preserve alive during one of California’s longest droughts. In 2019, nearly a third of the herd died from a shortage of water and malnutrition — in part because they could not roam beyond the tall fence that contained them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Elk/Tule-Elk\">Tule elk\u003c/a> are an endemic species found only in California. They were hunted almost to extinction in the 1800s, but have been making a comeback in places like Point Reyes. The elk are big, averaging around 400 pounds, and need room to roam and forage. But this herd is isolated behind the fence to keep them away from another animal grazing in the park — an animal that some environmentalists say is being given priority: cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Point Reyes National Seashore was established in 1962, it’s been a lot of things to a lot of people. To the general public, it’s a beloved park that offers beautiful coastline, lush forests and windswept grassy hills. To environmentalists, it’s a habitat worth preserving. To ranchers, it’s the land their livelihoods depend on. To the area’s Native people, it’s long been a homeland with sacred sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one time, these competing interests could exist in relative harmony on the 70,000 acres that make up the park — but increasing demands on the land have caused things to sour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-scaled-e1672874259984.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-800x553.jpg\" alt=\"A group of female Tule elk lounge on a green hillside. The rugged California coastline and ocean are visible in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"553\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once abundant in Point Reyes, Tule elk were nearly hunted to extinction. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>How cattle came to graze on Point Reyes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Point Reyes peninsula is the homeland of the Coast Miwok people, who lived here for generations alongside the Tule elk. When Spanish missionaries colonized the area, they brought cows with them. Although the missionaries were based in San Rafael, their cows would roam as far west as the Point Reyes peninsula. Later, when Spain granted the land to Mexico, rancheros divided up the peninsula and continued to run cattle. After the Mexican-American war, California changed hands once again to become part of the United States. In the chaotic transition period, the boundaries of the Mexican ranches on the peninsula were challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at some of the Spanish land grants, they literally said from the tree to the rock,” said Loretta Farley, a former park ranger at Point Reyes National Seashore. “So that’s really open to interpretation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Squatters moved in and settled on the land. The Mexican rancheros took them to court, but lost because they didn’t have the paperwork to demarcate the boundaries of their land. The legal battles were many and complicated, but when the dust settled in 1857, the law firm of Shafter, Shafter, Park and Heydenfeldt emerged as primary owners of the peninsula we now know as Point Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a series of tremendous fights we have beaten our adversaries at all points and, what is more, have humbled the strongest and the proudest of them,” \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/pore/hrs-ranching.pdf\">wrote Oscar Shafter (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936882\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"881\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg 637w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map-160x221.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A historic map of the alphabet ranch parcels in Point Reyes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Shafter brothers divided their property into more than 30 sections and leased the land to immigrants flooding into the area from places like Ireland, Switzerland and the Azores, in Portugal. The Shafters named the ranches from A to Z, what we now call the historic alphabet ranches, and developed a flourishing dairy business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco was growing rapidly and people were hungry for the butter and cheese produced at the dairy farms. Later, when refrigeration was invented, the farms would also ship milk. At one point, the Point Reyes dairies produced more butter than anywhere else in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, the Shafter families sold some of their land to the farmers who had been leasing it from them. Some of those families are still operating beef and dairy ranches to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Home of the Coast Miwok\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many of the laborers on those early dairy ranches were Coast Miwok people who had been enslaved by Spanish missionaries, but returned to their homes along Tomales Bay if they were able. Their way of life had been completely upended, and now white ranchers owned the land and offered some of the only employment around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandmother was a ranch cook,” said Theresa Harlan. “My uncles worked on ranches as ranch hands.” Harlan is now the founder and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alliance4felixcove.org/\">Alliance for Felix Cove\u003c/a>; the cove is known as Laird’s Landing on maps. Harlan’s mother is Tomalko (Coast Miwok Tomales Bay) and grew up in a small wooden cabin here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My family would row a small skiff across the bay to get mail or supplies that they couldn’t make themselves,” she said. “They say it was a 30-minute row.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harlan’s family was evicted in the 1950s by the white dairy farmers who owned the land at the time, Sayles Turney and James Lundgren. Harlan’s family tried to fight the eviction, saying they’d been there since the 1800s, and the case went all the way to the state Supreme Court. Her family ultimately lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-scaled-e1672872337625.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A couple stands below the porch of an old wooden cabin\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Theresa Harlan and her husband, Ken Tiger, pose in front of the wood cabin her great-grandfather Joe Felix built. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a historic site,” Harlan said. “This needs to be protected. This little house sits neglected. Why? Why? Because it was the home of Tomalko people, California Indian people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s been pushing the National Park Service and the \u003ca href=\"https://gratonrancheria.com/\">Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria\u003c/a>, the federally recognized tribe with whom it partners to preserve Coast Miwok sites, to do more to explain and protect her family’s legacy here. In particular, she wants visitors to know that as recently as the 1950s Tomalko people lived here, but were pushed out, repeating the violent history of Indigenous people throughout California. This is family lore to her, not ancient history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other Coast Miwok archaeological sites in Point Reyes, but many of them are kept confidential because they are sacred. The cabins in Felix Cove represent a more modern side of Native American history here, one that existed alongside the ranching history, which has already been designated as historic. Still, far fewer people know about Theresa Harlan’s family than about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/news/newsreleases_20181113_ranches_national_register_of_historic_places.htm\">historic alphabet ranches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From private ranch land to national park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For decades, West Marin remained quite rural, with the ranches dominating local life and culture. But after World War II, when the Bay Area population was booming and demand for housing was high, real estate speculators started eyeing the Point Reyes peninsula for subdivision and development. Conservationists and local residents didn’t want to see that happen. They rallied together to advocate for a national seashore that would preserve the coastline for the public in perpetuity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A local U.S. representative, Clem Miller, was the primary force advocating for the national seashore in Washington, D.C. To achieve the dream, park advocates had to convince the ranchers to sell their land to the federal government. At first, many ranchers were adamantly opposed to the idea, but they also saw that if it wanted to, the government could use eminent domain to take their land, so instead they made a deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the government was most interested in preserving the coastline. So, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_gmp_ea_goga_pore_1980_map_management_zoning.pdf\">divided the park into pastoral zones and wilderness areas (PDF)\u003c/a>. The ranchers sold their land to the government, but retained the right to ranch the land in the pastoral zones. It took years for the federal government to acquire the land, but by 1978, most of the ranchers had signed 25-year leases. At the end of the lease, the Park Service could decide whether to renew or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrangement made most parties happy. Conservationists were proud to have saved the area for the public. And the ranchers had earned a chunk of cash, while retaining the right to lease their lands from the government. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/historyculture/people_coastmiwok.htm\">The Coast Miwok, however, continued to struggle for recognition.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original 25-year leases have long expired, but for decades the Park Service has renewed them on a five-year basis. This longevity has made the ranches an important part of the economy and culture of West Marin, as well as key players in the local organic food scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Recent controversies challenge the status quo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the National Park Service, which manages Point Reyes National Seashore, started a public process to update its Ranch Comprehensive Management Plan. Environmental groups watching the process believed the Park Service was heading down a road that would give ranchers more of what they wanted, without considering the rest of the park’s needs. So in 2016, a coalition of environmental groups sued the Park Service. They pointed out that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/management/upload/planning_gmp_1980.pdf\">Point Reyes General Management Plan (PDF)\u003c/a>, the document that governs park activities, hadn’t been updated since 1980. Awareness of sensitive habitats, endangered species, climate change and the impacts of cattle on ecosystems had evolved since then, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parties came to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_ranch_cmp_settlement_agreement_final_170714.pdf\">court-approved settlement agreement (PDF)\u003c/a> that required the Park Service to amend its general management plan with an emphasis on the 28,000 acres affected by ranching activities. They had to come up with several scenarios, including one that would eliminate all ranching from the park. They also had to detail the environmental impacts of their preferred option, which involved several rounds of public comment and a presentation before the California Coastal Commission, which safeguards the state’s coastline and is concerned with the health of the waterways that run into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936897\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg\" alt='Protesters hold signs that say \"Save the Elk\" and \"Protect the Herd.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People protest the National Park Service over a plan to cull Tule elk at Point Reyes National Seashore in Northern California. \u003ccite>(Peg Hunter/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the past several years, in public comment and through advocacy, environmentalists have argued that it’s time for cattle ranching to end in Point Reyes National Seashore. They say cattle suppress endemic plant species and endanger protected animals like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/amphibians/California_red-legged_frog/index.html\">California red-legged frog\u003c/a> when their manure gets into waterways. And, they’re concerned that as climate change worsens, drier conditions will be the norm, further upsetting ecosystems. If water and grass are scarce in Point Reyes, they say, it should go to the endemic flora and fauna, not cattle raised by private businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating the matter are the Tule elk, which have no natural predators now that grizzly bears no longer roam the area. Current management practices used throughout the state call for \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=162912&inline\">lethal termination to keep herd sizes in check (PDF)\u003c/a>. But in the 1990s, the Park Service got major pushback from the public when they proposed killing some of the Tule elk behind the fence once their numbers had grown too large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, in 1998, the Park Service moved some of the elk from behind the fence to a wilderness area near Limantour Beach. In the early 2000s, some of those elk migrated to an area near Drakes Beach, creating another herd.* These free-roaming herds have increasingly created problems for the ranchers, knocking down fences and competing for the same grass cattle eat. The Park Service has said it will actively keep these unfenced herds at specific sizes, terminating elk if need be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-scaled-e1672877098790.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936879\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Four male elk walk down a grassy hillside\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the ’70s, the Park Service designated the northern tip of Point Reyes as an elk preserve. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The elk situation has increasingly called attention to the Park Service’s management of the national seashore. Some Bay Area residents, like our question-asker this week, Beth Touchette, are wondering whether ranching is still appropriate there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Cattle ranching] never really bothered me until the drought got really bad,” she said. “There’s just limited resources and it’s like, well, how do we decide who gets this limited water? Should it be cattle ranching or should it be trying to keep the wildlife in the national park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranching advocates and the National Park Service say the issue needn’t be so cut-and-dried. While they admit they do need to plan for more extreme dry conditions in the future, they contend there are ways for the agency to balance ecological diversity with the direction from Congress and the Department of the Interior to continue to grant leases to ranchers. They say they are committed to more monitoring and regulation of the ranches in the park to ensure high environmental standards are met. In public comment, the ranchers also have committed to complying with environmental requirements. The Secretary of the interior could decide to end the decades long agreement, but so far each one, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/office-of-the-secretary\">the current Secretary Deb Haaland,\u003c/a> have not chosen to exercise that authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>All eyes on what’s next\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>History is at the heart of the debate about the future of Point Reyes National Seashore. The Coast Miwok were pushed off this land by Spanish colonizers, and again by ranchers decades later. Environmentalists and ranchers once found middle ground to create this 70,000-acre park. That ground has gotten shaky. How and if the Park Service can balance the interests of all parties going forward is yet to be seen. But the economic future of part of the community, the health of the environment and the very spirit of this land are at stake. Everyone will be watching what happens here next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An earlier version of this story said the NPS created the Drakes Bay herd, when in fact the second herd was a product of the original elk migrating to a new area. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11936802/cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes","authors":["234"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_18334","news_21074","news_29873","news_1262","news_3286","news_3287","news_29613"],"featImg":"news_11936894","label":"source_news_11936802"},"news_11921363":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11921363","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11921363","score":null,"sort":[1659558855000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-leads-state-in-latest-water-conservation-numbers","title":"Bay Area Leads State in Latest Water Conservation Numbers","publishDate":1659558855,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The latest statewide water conservation numbers are improving, having more than doubled from May to June, and the Bay Area is leading the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, statewide water consumption dropped by 7.6% compared to June 2020, whereas in May, Californians reduced water use by just 3.1%, according to a report from the State Water Resources Control Board on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The second round of the drought emergency regulations took effect at the end of May and the numbers seem to indicate we're seeing some positive impacts from that,\" said Marielle Pinheiro, a data specialist with the Water Board's Office of Research, Planning and Performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' citation='Dave Eggerton Association of California Water Agencies']'I think the numbers are definitely heading in the right direction.'[/pullquote]The emergency regulations require all of the state's 436 urban water suppliers to implement Water Shortage Contingency Plans, which vary from supplier to supplier but can include things like incentives for conservation and for replacing water-intensive landscaping as well as fines or additional charges for overconsuming water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD), which delivers drinking water to 1.4 million customers in Alameda and Contra Costa counties, mandated a 10% water-use reduction, tightened restrictions on outdoor water use and reinstated its Excessive Use Penalty Ordinance, which includes fines of $2 for every 748 gallons of water used above a 1,646-gallon threshold, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district says it has recorded water-use reductions of 6% in May, 12% in June and 16% in July, compared to those months two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Customer savings figures are moving in the right direction, but we know we must do more,\" said EBMUD General Manager Clifford Chan in a news release Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"EBMUD asks its customers to continue to conserve, and if they are able, make more changes to make long-term impacts to their water use habits,\" Chan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=water,drought label='Related Coverage']Also in June, the Water Board banned the use of potable water on \"decorative or non-functional grass\" at commercial, industrial and institutional properties across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the numbers are definitely heading in the right direction,\" said Dave Eggerton, executive director of the Association of California Water Agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's positive and only getting better,\" said Eggerton, whose association represents hundreds of water systems that collectively deliver about 90% of the state's water to residential and commercial users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water Board chairman E. Joaquin Esquivel said June's conservation numbers are heartening since they come on the heels of two months, March and April, when statewide water-use numbers rose by 18.7% and 17.8% respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What is important to see is that turnaround,\" Esquivel said. \"We did pass in late May our regs; all water agencies are now at Level 2 of their Water Shortage Contingency Plan and we began banning the irrigation of non-functional turf.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, all of the state's 10 hydrologic regions reported a decrease in water use\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003c/span>the Bay Area heading up the list with 12.6%, followed by the North Coast and San Joaquin River regions with a bit over 10% each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin County residents saved the most at 24.7% in May. Napa and Sonoma counties also beat Gov. Gavin Newsom's targeted 15% conservation goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco and Solano lagged behind, each at only around 5% savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]The South Coast region, which includes Los Angeles and San Diego and is home to more than 55% of the state's population, recorded a nearly 6% drop in water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From July 2021 to June 2022, the state's cumulative water use dropped by 2.7% compared to 2020, well below the governor's conservation goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We met with the governor recently and he made it very clear that he wants to see this happen,\" Eggerton said. \"It's a critical part of our response to the drought.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eggerton also said the state needs to continue investing in water storage and delivery systems in order to build resiliency in the face of ongoing temperature rise and precipitation declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really need to capture as much (water) as we can when we do have wet years so we're in a better position to deal with the challenges we have now,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Kevin Stark and Bay City News contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":" Californians are conserving more water than before but are still well shy of meeting the state’s conservation target.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1659653836,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":742},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Leads State in Latest Water Conservation Numbers | KQED","description":" Californians are conserving more water than before but are still well shy of meeting the state’s conservation target.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Bay Area Leads State in Latest Water Conservation Numbers","datePublished":"2022-08-03T20:34:15.000Z","dateModified":"2022-08-04T22:57:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11921363 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11921363","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/08/03/bay-area-leads-state-in-latest-water-conservation-numbers/","disqusTitle":"Bay Area Leads State in Latest Water Conservation Numbers","nprByline":"KQED News Staff and Wires","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11921363/bay-area-leads-state-in-latest-water-conservation-numbers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The latest statewide water conservation numbers are improving, having more than doubled from May to June, and the Bay Area is leading the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, statewide water consumption dropped by 7.6% compared to June 2020, whereas in May, Californians reduced water use by just 3.1%, according to a report from the State Water Resources Control Board on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The second round of the drought emergency regulations took effect at the end of May and the numbers seem to indicate we're seeing some positive impacts from that,\" said Marielle Pinheiro, a data specialist with the Water Board's Office of Research, Planning and Performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'I think the numbers are definitely heading in the right direction.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","citation":"Dave Eggerton Association of California Water Agencies","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The emergency regulations require all of the state's 436 urban water suppliers to implement Water Shortage Contingency Plans, which vary from supplier to supplier but can include things like incentives for conservation and for replacing water-intensive landscaping as well as fines or additional charges for overconsuming water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD), which delivers drinking water to 1.4 million customers in Alameda and Contra Costa counties, mandated a 10% water-use reduction, tightened restrictions on outdoor water use and reinstated its Excessive Use Penalty Ordinance, which includes fines of $2 for every 748 gallons of water used above a 1,646-gallon threshold, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district says it has recorded water-use reductions of 6% in May, 12% in June and 16% in July, compared to those months two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Customer savings figures are moving in the right direction, but we know we must do more,\" said EBMUD General Manager Clifford Chan in a news release Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"EBMUD asks its customers to continue to conserve, and if they are able, make more changes to make long-term impacts to their water use habits,\" Chan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"water,drought","label":"Related Coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Also in June, the Water Board banned the use of potable water on \"decorative or non-functional grass\" at commercial, industrial and institutional properties across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the numbers are definitely heading in the right direction,\" said Dave Eggerton, executive director of the Association of California Water Agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's positive and only getting better,\" said Eggerton, whose association represents hundreds of water systems that collectively deliver about 90% of the state's water to residential and commercial users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water Board chairman E. Joaquin Esquivel said June's conservation numbers are heartening since they come on the heels of two months, March and April, when statewide water-use numbers rose by 18.7% and 17.8% respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What is important to see is that turnaround,\" Esquivel said. \"We did pass in late May our regs; all water agencies are now at Level 2 of their Water Shortage Contingency Plan and we began banning the irrigation of non-functional turf.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, all of the state's 10 hydrologic regions reported a decrease in water use\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003c/span>the Bay Area heading up the list with 12.6%, followed by the North Coast and San Joaquin River regions with a bit over 10% each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin County residents saved the most at 24.7% in May. Napa and Sonoma counties also beat Gov. Gavin Newsom's targeted 15% conservation goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco and Solano lagged behind, each at only around 5% savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The South Coast region, which includes Los Angeles and San Diego and is home to more than 55% of the state's population, recorded a nearly 6% drop in water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From July 2021 to June 2022, the state's cumulative water use dropped by 2.7% compared to 2020, well below the governor's conservation goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We met with the governor recently and he made it very clear that he wants to see this happen,\" Eggerton said. \"It's a critical part of our response to the drought.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eggerton also said the state needs to continue investing in water storage and delivery systems in order to build resiliency in the face of ongoing temperature rise and precipitation declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really need to capture as much (water) as we can when we do have wet years so we're in a better position to deal with the challenges we have now,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Kevin Stark and Bay City News contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11921363/bay-area-leads-state-in-latest-water-conservation-numbers","authors":["byline_news_11921363"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_1386","news_19204","news_21074","news_17601","news_22572","news_483","news_31417"],"featImg":"news_11921439","label":"news"},"news_11495697":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11495697","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11495697","score":null,"sort":[1653904825000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"whats-with-the-bison-in-golden-gate-park","title":"What's With the Bison in Golden Gate Park?","publishDate":1653904825,"format":"audio","headTitle":"What’s With the Bison in Golden Gate Park? | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":33523,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of the Bay Curious series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915065/take-a-very-curious-golden-gate-park-walking-tour\">A Very Curious Walking Tour of Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park: In our humble opinion, with so many treasures across almost 1,000 acres, it’s arguably one of the best urban parks in the world. There’s a \u003ca href=\"https://goldengatepark.com/windmills.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pair of windmills\u003c/a> that look like they belong in the Dutch countryside, and through an elaborate gate you’ll find the \u003ca href=\"http://japaneseteagardensf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oldest public Japanese teagarden\u003c/a> in the United States. But perhaps the wildest treasure in the park is the herd of American bison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In March 2020, for the park’s 150th anniversary, a birthday gift of five new bison calves were added to the herd.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7hbu_pGErw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing the bison in the park is unexpected, says Bay Curious listener Paul Irving. After all, bison aren’t native to San Francisco, and they certainly stand out in today’s urban setting. After years of cycling past the paddock, Irving asked Bay Curious: “What’s the story behind the bison in Golden Gate Park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495865\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11495865 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Irving in front of the bison paddock.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Irving in front of the bison paddock. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The answer goes back hundreds of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1500s, an estimated 30 million to 60 million bison roamed American prairies. They grazed all over the West, from northern Mexico up through Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As European colonizers moved into the West, the bison’s habitat was chopped up by railroads, or turned into farms. Imported cattle brought grazing competition and new diseases to the bison. But the greatest threat to bison was hunting. Bison meat was exported or eaten on the spot, skins were sent to commercial tanneries, and bones were ground up to make things like fertilizer and bone china.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495700\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-800x688.jpg\" alt='\"Map of Bison Distribution Over Time.\" Kentucky Geological Survey, 1876. ' width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-800x688.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-160x138.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-960x826.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-240x206.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-375x323.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-520x447.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Map of Bison Distribution Over Time,’ Kentucky Geological Survey, 1876. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Newberry Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>William F. Cody, aka Buffalo Bill, allegedly killed 4,280 bison over 17 months to feed construction crews of the Kansas Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bison also were killed for sport. Competitions were held to see who could kill the most bison (Buffalo Bill got his nickname at one of these competitions). Tourists on trains would shoot the animals from their seats, leaving the carcasses where they fell. In 1973, a railway engineer in Santa Fe said it was possible to walk 100 miles along the railroad by stepping from one bison carcass to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495712\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11495712\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway.jpg\" alt=\"A collection of bison heads killed from the Kansas Pacific Railway.\" width=\"614\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway.jpg 614w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A collection of bison heads killed from the Kansas Pacific Railway. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. government clashed with Native Americans over land, the army encouraged the rampant slaughter of bison, which were an important native resource. One colonel even said to hunters, “Kill every buffalo you can! Every buffalo dead is an Indian gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1889, the estimated number of bison had dwindled to about 1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495709\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495709\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Piles of bison skulls that would be ground up for fertilizer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Piles of bison skulls to be turned into fertilizer. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The bison come to Golden Gate Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It was around this time that work began on Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Bison facts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A male bison tips the scale at 2,000 pounds, and females can weigh around 1,000 pounds.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In 2016 President Obama named the American bison the United State’s official mammal.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bison can use their heads as snowplows, allowing them to discover food beneath feet of snow.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When bison were close to extinction, concerns about inbreeding led to many being bred with cows, which explains why most of the bison we see today look a little like cows.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Though their names are often used interchangeably, bison and buffalo are different animals. Buffalo are a species native to Africa and Asia, while bison are specific to North America and parts of Europe.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When Golden Gate Park was created, the idea was to honor the Wild West,” says Phil Ginsburg, general manager of San Francisco Recreation and Parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To recreate the Wild West, the park needed bison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first bison was brought to the park in 1891. It was soon joined by more bison from private and public herds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bison and several other animals were actually first put in a paddock, which is very close to where Kezar Stadium is today,” Ginsburg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zoo had a captive-breeding program that produced more than 100 bison calves, though the program has since ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the decades, conservation efforts (and, ironically, an increased interest in bison meat) have brought the North American bison population back into the hundreds of thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-800x378.jpg\" alt=\"Bison and white deer grazing in Golden Gate Park in 1944.\" width=\"800\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-800x378.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-160x76.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-1020x482.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-1180x558.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-960x454.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-240x113.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-375x177.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-520x246.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bison and white deer grazing in Golden Gate Park in 1944. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Today’s herd\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The bison currently living in the pen in Golden Gate Park are not descended from the original animals brought to the park. The bison were replaced by a younger herd in 1984 and again in 2011. At the beginning of March 2020, the five new bison calves were added to the surviving 2011 herd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, all the bison in the paddock are female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11497000\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11497000\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The bison at Golden Gate Park.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The bison at Golden Gate Park. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Having all females just keeps everything a little bit more calm,” says Ginsburg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there were bulls, the bison could get aggressive. One tried to maul a police officer on horseback, and another tried to escape by running into the Sunset District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Males become very aggressive around August because they’re fighting for dominance in order to breed with the females,” says Sarah King of the San Francisco Zoo, which takes care of the animals. “Then calves are generally born in the spring, nine months later, and that’s when the females get aggressive because they’re very protective of their offspring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though they may appear to be slow, bison are powerful creatures. They can run over 30 mph, jump up to 6 feet in the air, and swim over half a mile, says King.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days the paddock is calm. On any given day, you can see the bison either grazing or resting. Most of the excitement in the paddock is human-generated. For example: The streaker who was arrested for running into the paddock during Bay to Breakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this article was first published on June 8, 2017. In the last few years some bison referenced in the original story have passed away.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The first American bison was brought to Golden Gate Park in 1891. It was soon joined by more bison from private and public herds.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700532618,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1081},"headData":{"title":"Just Don't Call Them Buffalo: Meet the Bison of Golden Gate Park | KQED News","description":"The first American bison was brought to the Golden Gate Park in 1891. It was soon joined by more bison from private and public herds.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialTitle":"Just Don't Call Them Buffalo: Meet the Bison of Golden Gate Park %%page%% %%sep%% %%sitename%%","socialDescription":"The first American bison was brought to the Golden Gate Park in 1891. It was soon joined by more bison from private and public herds.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"What's With the Bison in Golden Gate Park?","datePublished":"2022-05-30T10:00:25.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T02:10:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/h7hbu_pGErw","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC6656088419.mp3?updated=1653503144","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11495697/whats-with-the-bison-in-golden-gate-park","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of the Bay Curious series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915065/take-a-very-curious-golden-gate-park-walking-tour\">A Very Curious Walking Tour of Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park: In our humble opinion, with so many treasures across almost 1,000 acres, it’s arguably one of the best urban parks in the world. There’s a \u003ca href=\"https://goldengatepark.com/windmills.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pair of windmills\u003c/a> that look like they belong in the Dutch countryside, and through an elaborate gate you’ll find the \u003ca href=\"http://japaneseteagardensf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oldest public Japanese teagarden\u003c/a> in the United States. But perhaps the wildest treasure in the park is the herd of American bison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In March 2020, for the park’s 150th anniversary, a birthday gift of five new bison calves were added to the herd.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/h7hbu_pGErw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/h7hbu_pGErw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Seeing the bison in the park is unexpected, says Bay Curious listener Paul Irving. After all, bison aren’t native to San Francisco, and they certainly stand out in today’s urban setting. After years of cycling past the paddock, Irving asked Bay Curious: “What’s the story behind the bison in Golden Gate Park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495865\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11495865 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Irving in front of the bison paddock.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Irving in front of the bison paddock. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The answer goes back hundreds of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1500s, an estimated 30 million to 60 million bison roamed American prairies. They grazed all over the West, from northern Mexico up through Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As European colonizers moved into the West, the bison’s habitat was chopped up by railroads, or turned into farms. Imported cattle brought grazing competition and new diseases to the bison. But the greatest threat to bison was hunting. Bison meat was exported or eaten on the spot, skins were sent to commercial tanneries, and bones were ground up to make things like fertilizer and bone china.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495700\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-800x688.jpg\" alt='\"Map of Bison Distribution Over Time.\" Kentucky Geological Survey, 1876. ' width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-800x688.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-160x138.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-960x826.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-240x206.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-375x323.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-520x447.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Map of Bison Distribution Over Time,’ Kentucky Geological Survey, 1876. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Newberry Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>William F. Cody, aka Buffalo Bill, allegedly killed 4,280 bison over 17 months to feed construction crews of the Kansas Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bison also were killed for sport. Competitions were held to see who could kill the most bison (Buffalo Bill got his nickname at one of these competitions). Tourists on trains would shoot the animals from their seats, leaving the carcasses where they fell. In 1973, a railway engineer in Santa Fe said it was possible to walk 100 miles along the railroad by stepping from one bison carcass to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495712\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11495712\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway.jpg\" alt=\"A collection of bison heads killed from the Kansas Pacific Railway.\" width=\"614\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway.jpg 614w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A collection of bison heads killed from the Kansas Pacific Railway. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. government clashed with Native Americans over land, the army encouraged the rampant slaughter of bison, which were an important native resource. One colonel even said to hunters, “Kill every buffalo you can! Every buffalo dead is an Indian gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1889, the estimated number of bison had dwindled to about 1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495709\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495709\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Piles of bison skulls that would be ground up for fertilizer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Piles of bison skulls to be turned into fertilizer. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The bison come to Golden Gate Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It was around this time that work began on Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Bison facts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A male bison tips the scale at 2,000 pounds, and females can weigh around 1,000 pounds.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In 2016 President Obama named the American bison the United State’s official mammal.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bison can use their heads as snowplows, allowing them to discover food beneath feet of snow.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When bison were close to extinction, concerns about inbreeding led to many being bred with cows, which explains why most of the bison we see today look a little like cows.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Though their names are often used interchangeably, bison and buffalo are different animals. Buffalo are a species native to Africa and Asia, while bison are specific to North America and parts of Europe.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When Golden Gate Park was created, the idea was to honor the Wild West,” says Phil Ginsburg, general manager of San Francisco Recreation and Parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To recreate the Wild West, the park needed bison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first bison was brought to the park in 1891. It was soon joined by more bison from private and public herds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bison and several other animals were actually first put in a paddock, which is very close to where Kezar Stadium is today,” Ginsburg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zoo had a captive-breeding program that produced more than 100 bison calves, though the program has since ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the decades, conservation efforts (and, ironically, an increased interest in bison meat) have brought the North American bison population back into the hundreds of thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-800x378.jpg\" alt=\"Bison and white deer grazing in Golden Gate Park in 1944.\" width=\"800\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-800x378.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-160x76.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-1020x482.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-1180x558.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-960x454.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-240x113.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-375x177.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-520x246.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bison and white deer grazing in Golden Gate Park in 1944. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Today’s herd\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The bison currently living in the pen in Golden Gate Park are not descended from the original animals brought to the park. The bison were replaced by a younger herd in 1984 and again in 2011. At the beginning of March 2020, the five new bison calves were added to the surviving 2011 herd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, all the bison in the paddock are female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11497000\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11497000\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The bison at Golden Gate Park.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The bison at Golden Gate Park. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Having all females just keeps everything a little bit more calm,” says Ginsburg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there were bulls, the bison could get aggressive. One tried to maul a police officer on horseback, and another tried to escape by running into the Sunset District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Males become very aggressive around August because they’re fighting for dominance in order to breed with the females,” says Sarah King of the San Francisco Zoo, which takes care of the animals. “Then calves are generally born in the spring, nine months later, and that’s when the females get aggressive because they’re very protective of their offspring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though they may appear to be slow, bison are powerful creatures. They can run over 30 mph, jump up to 6 feet in the air, and swim over half a mile, says King.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days the paddock is calm. On any given day, you can see the bison either grazing or resting. Most of the excitement in the paddock is human-generated. For example: The streaker who was arrested for running into the paddock during Bay to Breakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this article was first published on June 8, 2017. In the last few years some bison referenced in the original story have passed away.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11495697/whats-with-the-bison-in-golden-gate-park","authors":["8606"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_18426","news_23201","news_21073","news_21074","news_823","news_150"],"featImg":"news_11809842","label":"news_33523"},"news_11910138":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11910138","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11910138","score":null,"sort":[1648847306000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"about-that-water","title":"About That Water ...","publishDate":1648847306,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11910145\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: a man pours a pitcher of water out on his lawn, sprays a hose as sprinklers water full blast, while in the background, a kid slides down a waterslide into a flooding pool. Type at the top reads, \"California has plenty of water .\"* Upside down at the lower-right corner is an asterisk next to the words \"April Fools!\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1357\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-800x565.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-1020x721.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-160x113.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-1536x1086.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California's \"wet\" season comes to a close, prepare yourself for a third year of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioredroughtsnowpack\">Sierra snowpack stands at a meager 38% of average statewide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those early season atmospheric rivers that dumped so much rain and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11900284/major-storm-dumps-snow-closes-northern-california-mountain-routes\">record amounts of snowfall\u003c/a> in the mountains sure seem like a long, long time ago now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don't be an April fool. Conserve water now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As California's 'wet' season comes to a close, prepare yourself for a third year of drought. The Sierra snowpack stands at a meager 38% of average statewide.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1648855758,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":66},"headData":{"title":"About That Water ... | KQED","description":"As California's 'wet' season comes to a close, prepare yourself for a third year of drought. The Sierra snowpack stands at a meager 38% of average statewide.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"About That Water ...","datePublished":"2022-04-01T21:08:26.000Z","dateModified":"2022-04-01T23:29:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11910138 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11910138","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/04/01/about-that-water/","disqusTitle":"About That Water ...","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11910138/about-that-water","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11910145\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: a man pours a pitcher of water out on his lawn, sprays a hose as sprinklers water full blast, while in the background, a kid slides down a waterslide into a flooding pool. Type at the top reads, \"California has plenty of water .\"* Upside down at the lower-right corner is an asterisk next to the words \"April Fools!\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1357\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-800x565.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-1020x721.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-160x113.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-1536x1086.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California's \"wet\" season comes to a close, prepare yourself for a third year of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioredroughtsnowpack\">Sierra snowpack stands at a meager 38% of average statewide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those early season atmospheric rivers that dumped so much rain and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11900284/major-storm-dumps-snow-closes-northern-california-mountain-routes\">record amounts of snowfall\u003c/a> in the mountains sure seem like a long, long time ago now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don't be an April fool. Conserve water now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11910138/about-that-water","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_19906"],"tags":["news_255","news_21074","news_17601","news_20949","news_29387","news_483","news_6442"],"featImg":"news_11910145","label":"news_18515"},"news_11897433":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11897433","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11897433","score":null,"sort":[1637875851000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"or93-the-famously-far-ranging-gray-wolf-is-found-dead-near-los-angeles","title":"OR93, the Famously Far-Ranging Gray Wolf, Is Found Dead Near Los Angeles","publishDate":1637875851,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NPR | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Wildlife officials say a far-ranging gray wolf, the first to tromp across Southern California in more than a hundred years, was found dead near a roadway a little more than an hour's drive north of downtown Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appeared to have been struck by a vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male wolf, named OR93 when it was outfitted with a GPS collar by wildlife officials in its home state of Oregon, left its pack near Mount Hood two years ago. It gained followers and fans in the wildlife community as it traveled south, crossing interstates and highways to parts of California that hadn't seen a wolf since 1922.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Amaroq Weiss, senior wolf advocate, Center for Biological Diversity\"]'He was simply looking for a mate and his search took him to [a] place we did not expect wolves to get to for decades.'[/pullquote]Researchers and wildlife protectors have expressed grief after the death of OR93. Senior Wolf Advocate Amaroq Weiss of The Center for Biological Diversity paid close attention to the wolf's movements, and for her, its journey shows that \"wolves are amazing and intrepid and inspiring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was simply looking for a mate and his search took him to [a] place we did not expect wolves to get to for decades,\" she shared through email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, like much of the U.S., is wolf habitat. Pre-colonization, large predators covered much of the continent, before European colonizers hunted, trapped and killed them to near extinction. The fragmented populations that survived are now being suffocated, in many areas, by an ever-growing web of roadways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Transportation estimates that 365 million animals are killed on U.S. roads every year, more than the total number of people in the country. Recovering populations of large carnivores like wolves, which are trying to repopulate areas, are at particular risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897441\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 730px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11897441 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/wolves_habitats.jpg\" alt=\"A map of California that includes gray-colored areas near the Sierra Nevada, in rural northern counties and in some sparse zones north of Los Angeles, that are potentially suitable habitats for wolves\" width=\"730\" height=\"973\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/wolves_habitats.jpg 730w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/wolves_habitats-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OR93 traveled to the areas near the Los Padres National Forest and the Chumash Wilderness. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of The Center for Biological Diversity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Young male gray wolves are known to travel far distances after leaving their packs. The wanderlust has a biological purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By traveling far from its family, a wolf is more likely to find a mate with a different genetic makeup. Inbreeding is believed to have caused a population crash of gray wolves on Isle Royale in Lake Superior. Efforts to take grizzly bears off the endangered species list in the Northern Rockies have been stymied because of legal challenges based, in part, on \"species connectivity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Southern California, wildlife officials have found abnormalities in an inbreeding population of mountain lions, hemmed in by the region's busy roadways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early next year, the state will break ground on an overpass spanning six lanes of the 101 freeway designed to help the large cats and other wildlife branch out, after a multiyear push by wildlife advocates. Similar efforts are underway around the country, and the larger effort to give wildlife safe passage just got a big boost in President Biden's recently passed infrastructure bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It designates $350 million over the next five years for state, local and tribal governments to construct bridges or underpasses for wildlife. Another $400 million will go toward the removal of obstructions like dams, which stifle fish and invertebrate populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The construction of wildlife crossings will reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions and is a key conservation strategy to help wildlife survive impacts from climate change and development,\" said Mike Leahy, director of wildlife, hunting, and fishing policy at the National Wildlife Federation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='conservation']More than a million species are at risk of extinction globally, many within decades, because of human activities. World leaders are gathering next year to approve a plan for slowing the biodiversity crisis. Aggressive action is needed to slow the collapse of nature, said Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, executive secretary of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do we want to avoid another COVID-19?\" she told NPR last year. \"We either conserve and protect nature, biodiversity, or it will make us suffer as we do now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED's Katrin Snow.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Wildlife officials say a far-ranging gray wolf, the first to tromp across Southern California in more than a hundred years, has been found dead near a roadway, possibly struck by a vehicle.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1638306175,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":699},"headData":{"title":"OR93, the Famously Far-Ranging Gray Wolf, Is Found Dead Near Los Angeles | KQED","description":"Wildlife officials say a far-ranging gray wolf, the first to tromp across Southern California in more than a hundred years, has been found dead near a roadway, possibly struck by a vehicle.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"OR93, the Famously Far-Ranging Gray Wolf, Is Found Dead Near Los Angeles","datePublished":"2021-11-25T21:30:51.000Z","dateModified":"2021-11-30T21:02:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11897433 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11897433","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/11/25/or93-the-famously-far-ranging-gray-wolf-is-found-dead-near-los-angeles/","disqusTitle":"OR93, the Famously Far-Ranging Gray Wolf, Is Found Dead Near Los Angeles","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/348779465/nathan-rott\">Nathan Rott\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11897433/or93-the-famously-far-ranging-gray-wolf-is-found-dead-near-los-angeles","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wildlife officials say a far-ranging gray wolf, the first to tromp across Southern California in more than a hundred years, was found dead near a roadway a little more than an hour's drive north of downtown Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appeared to have been struck by a vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male wolf, named OR93 when it was outfitted with a GPS collar by wildlife officials in its home state of Oregon, left its pack near Mount Hood two years ago. It gained followers and fans in the wildlife community as it traveled south, crossing interstates and highways to parts of California that hadn't seen a wolf since 1922.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'He was simply looking for a mate and his search took him to [a] place we did not expect wolves to get to for decades.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Amaroq Weiss, senior wolf advocate, Center for Biological Diversity","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Researchers and wildlife protectors have expressed grief after the death of OR93. Senior Wolf Advocate Amaroq Weiss of The Center for Biological Diversity paid close attention to the wolf's movements, and for her, its journey shows that \"wolves are amazing and intrepid and inspiring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was simply looking for a mate and his search took him to [a] place we did not expect wolves to get to for decades,\" she shared through email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, like much of the U.S., is wolf habitat. Pre-colonization, large predators covered much of the continent, before European colonizers hunted, trapped and killed them to near extinction. The fragmented populations that survived are now being suffocated, in many areas, by an ever-growing web of roadways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Transportation estimates that 365 million animals are killed on U.S. roads every year, more than the total number of people in the country. Recovering populations of large carnivores like wolves, which are trying to repopulate areas, are at particular risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897441\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 730px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11897441 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/wolves_habitats.jpg\" alt=\"A map of California that includes gray-colored areas near the Sierra Nevada, in rural northern counties and in some sparse zones north of Los Angeles, that are potentially suitable habitats for wolves\" width=\"730\" height=\"973\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/wolves_habitats.jpg 730w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/wolves_habitats-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OR93 traveled to the areas near the Los Padres National Forest and the Chumash Wilderness. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of The Center for Biological Diversity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Young male gray wolves are known to travel far distances after leaving their packs. The wanderlust has a biological purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By traveling far from its family, a wolf is more likely to find a mate with a different genetic makeup. Inbreeding is believed to have caused a population crash of gray wolves on Isle Royale in Lake Superior. Efforts to take grizzly bears off the endangered species list in the Northern Rockies have been stymied because of legal challenges based, in part, on \"species connectivity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Southern California, wildlife officials have found abnormalities in an inbreeding population of mountain lions, hemmed in by the region's busy roadways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early next year, the state will break ground on an overpass spanning six lanes of the 101 freeway designed to help the large cats and other wildlife branch out, after a multiyear push by wildlife advocates. Similar efforts are underway around the country, and the larger effort to give wildlife safe passage just got a big boost in President Biden's recently passed infrastructure bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It designates $350 million over the next five years for state, local and tribal governments to construct bridges or underpasses for wildlife. Another $400 million will go toward the removal of obstructions like dams, which stifle fish and invertebrate populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The construction of wildlife crossings will reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions and is a key conservation strategy to help wildlife survive impacts from climate change and development,\" said Mike Leahy, director of wildlife, hunting, and fishing policy at the National Wildlife Federation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"conservation"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>More than a million species are at risk of extinction globally, many within decades, because of human activities. World leaders are gathering next year to approve a plan for slowing the biodiversity crisis. Aggressive action is needed to slow the collapse of nature, said Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, executive secretary of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do we want to avoid another COVID-19?\" she told NPR last year. \"We either conserve and protect nature, biodiversity, or it will make us suffer as we do now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED's Katrin Snow.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11897433/or93-the-famously-far-ranging-gray-wolf-is-found-dead-near-los-angeles","authors":["byline_news_11897433"],"categories":["news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_18132","news_18538","news_21074","news_18245","news_1730","news_3187","news_2354","news_3825"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11897439","label":"news_253"},"news_11880422":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11880422","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11880422","score":null,"sort":[1625611365000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-61-million-bet-to-keep-wildlife-safe-and-off-californias-highways","title":"A $61 Million Bet to Keep Wildlife Safe and Off California's Highways","publishDate":1625611365,"format":"standard","headTitle":"CALmatters | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>It’d be just another normal day, nearly 17 feet above Highway 101 in Agoura Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A southern alligator lizard and a western toad hide from the heat in the greenery of restored native vegetation. Mountain lion cubs pounce on rocks and spring into the nearby canyons. The sun glints on the feathers of a golden eagle soaring overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the scene environmentalists hope will someday become reality on a massive overpass above the 10-lane freeway that cuts through the Santa Monica Mountains near Los Angeles. The project known as the Liberty Canyon Wildlife Crossing is one step closer to happening now that Gov. Gavin Newsom has signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB128\">a budget that includes $7 million to help build it\u003c/a> — and another $54.5 million for similar projects in other parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Fraser Shilling, Road Ecology Center at UC Davis\"]'We’re not an environmental state ... We don’t have environmental-based legislation that is resulting in protection of wildlife.'[/pullquote]It’s part of a larger nationwide push to build \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/05/31/climate/wildlife-crossings-animals.html\">special bridges and tunnels that help animals\u003c/a> safely cross busy roads and freeways. The goal is two-fold: to give species at risk the space they need to find mates, and to reduce the number of car crashes that imperil both wildlife and humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 7,000 vehicle crashes a year on California highways involve large wildlife, such as deer, according to 2018 data from the Road Ecology Center at UC Davis. That’s nearly 20 crashes a day, at least. Many are likely unreported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they aren’t cheap — for the drivers or the government. Between 2015 and 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://roadecology.ucdavis.edu/files/content/projects/2019%20WVC%20Report%20%28for%202018%20data%29.pdf#page=2\">wildlife crashes have cost more than $1 billion\u003c/a>. The expenses include car damage, personal injuries, emergency response, traffic impacts, lost work and the clean up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highways aren’t just crash sites for the deer caught in the headlights; they’re also a great divide that can threaten the future of an entire species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because highways cut through critical habitat, making it impossible for animals from one side to breed with animals on the other. This leads to inbreeding and deformities that result from dwindling genetic diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife crossings can help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11880433\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/courtesy_LibertyCanyonCrossing_NWF_01.jpg\" alt=\"An artist rendering of what a wildlife tunnel could look like. There is a bridge of land and wildlife that goes over a freeway.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"663\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/courtesy_LibertyCanyonCrossing_NWF_01.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/courtesy_LibertyCanyonCrossing_NWF_01-800x518.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/courtesy_LibertyCanyonCrossing_NWF_01-1020x660.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/courtesy_LibertyCanyonCrossing_NWF_01-160x104.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist rendering of the Liberty Canyon Wildlife Crossing, which would help restore connectivity in the Santa Monica Mountain range, buffering mountain lions from extinction. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of National Wildlife Federation/Living Habitats)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Utah saw a \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70003789\">98.5% reduction in deer mortalities\u003c/a> when it built two animal underpasses on a stretch of highway that blocked traditional migratory routes. In Colorado, wildlife-vehicle \u003ca href=\"https://www.codot.gov/business/process-improvement/larger-process-improvement-efforts/a-safe-crossing-colorado2019s-collaborative-research-project-for-wildlife-vehicle-mitigation\">collisions dropped by 89%\u003c/a> after the state built two bridges to help mule deer and elk safely cross a highway. Arizona, Florida, Montana, Oregon, New Mexico, Washington and Wyoming have also built successful wildlife crossings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite its environmentally aware reputation, the Golden State lags in building these crossings. The Liberty Canyon overpass would be California’s first bridge on the state highway system designed specifically for fostering wildlife connectivity. And even with the new funding, it’s still years away from completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not an environmental state,” said Fraser Shilling, co-director of the \u003ca href=\"https://roadecology.ucdavis.edu/\">Road Ecology Center at UC Davis\u003c/a>. “We don’t have environmental-based legislation that is resulting in protection of wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, however, conservationists are encouraged by action at the state Capitol. A bill making its way through the Legislature would \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB790\">encourage the state transportation agency to build more wildlife crossings\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the budget lawmakers passed last month includes new funding \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB129\">to build animal overpasses and underpasses\u003c/a>. In addition to the $7 million for the bridge at Liberty Canyon, it also includes $2 million to build a tunnel for deer and mountain lions to pass under Highway 17 in the Santa Cruz Mountains, plus $52.5 million for other wildlife crossings that have yet to be identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880435\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11880435 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/06302021_Underpass_PU_Sized_10.jpg\" alt=\"A hand holds up a large piece of paper with many footprints of different sizes.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/06302021_Underpass_PU_Sized_10.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/06302021_Underpass_PU_Sized_10-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/06302021_Underpass_PU_Sized_10-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/06302021_Underpass_PU_Sized_10-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michelle Mariscal, an ecologist for the Puente Hills Habitat Preservation Authority, holds a sheet that assists in identifying wildlife using the Harbor Boulevard Wildlife Underpass in La Habra Heights, on June 30, 2021. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wildlife crossings have gained support across the political spectrum — both from environmentalists as well as groups that advocate for hunters. Even though he disagrees with California’s ban on hunting mountain lions, Dan Whisenhunt, chief executive officer at the California Deer Association, supports building more overpasses and underpasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one time that politics is listening to common sense ... because nobody loses in this,” Whisenhunt said. “It could be somebody from Los Angeles or San Francisco or out of state, traveling on Highway 395, and they’re going to have the benefit of that crossing because there’s not going to be the deer running across the road.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near Lake Tahoe, for instance, three underpasses help mule deer safely wander below Highway 395. In Los Angeles County, the Harbor Boulevard Wildlife Underpass is a metal corrugated tunnel directing coyotes, deer and bobcats under the road. In Orange County, a corridor \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-01-29/progress-made-on-crucial-wildlife-corridor-connecting-o-c-coast-with-cleveland-national-forest\">will provide a safe route\u003c/a> for gray foxes, bobcats, coyotes and other creatures to travel between the Santa Ana Mountains and the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underpasses are generally cheaper than overpasses, and some animals, such as deer, prefer them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain lions, however, prefer overpasses. A desire to protect them from extinction has led to the years-long push to build the Liberty Canyon Wildlife Crossing. Expected to be complete in late 2025, this project will be the largest wildlife passage in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6Z4qXratvQ\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Preventing an 'Extinction Vortex'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Mountain lions in the Santa Ana and Santa Monica mountains face a 99% chance of extinction within the next 50 years, and genetic isolation is to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re inbreeding with each other, and they face this extinction vortex,” said Mari Galloway, the California program manager at Wildlands Network. “It’s shown in this kinked tail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kinked tail is a familiar omen. A few decades ago, fewer than 30 mountain lions remained in Florida. Isolated by highways, they were breeding in too small of circles. The proof was in the tail: When on the edge of extinction, the ends of the tails were bent out of shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11879719\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/received_949030718975633-1020x680.jpeg\"]“What they need is genetic connectivity, and so Liberty Canyon will provide more opportunities for outside mountain lions to come in and really give that gene pool a boost and diversity,” said Tiffany Yap, senior scientist at the Center for Biological Diversity in San Francisco. “Not only is that crossing really key for mountain lions, but it would help an incredible amount of biodiversity in the area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connecting one side of the mountain range to the other, the crossing would provide a safe passageway for mountain lions as well as gopher snakes, mule deer and desert cottontail rabbits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project — expected to cost $87 million — is being funded with public and private dollars, including $250,000 from the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation and $25 million from the Annenberg Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not just relying on the state,” said Beth Pratt, regional executive director at the National Wildlife Federation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investments not only buoy conservation efforts, but also make highways safer and financially self-sustaining. In Placerville, in the Sierra Nevada foothills, a tunnel under Highway 50 cost $1.3 million to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The project is pretty close to having paid for itself already by reducing collisions with deer,” said Shilling, the UC Davis ecologist.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Bringing Stakeholders on Board\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Money, however, isn’t the only problem. Even if consistent funding went to wildlife crossings, actually building them can get complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because California’s transportation planners — under pressure to serve growing communities and alleviate traffic — haven’t had much incentive to build tunnels and bridges for animals. State Sen. Henry Stern wants to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got all these big statewide goals around biodiversity and protecting natural lands and conserving open space,” the Malibu Democrat said. “But we thought we needed to do something ... that really integrated wildlife connectivity and habitat connectivity into the transportation planning process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stern’s Senate Bill 790 \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB790\">creates an incentive system\u003c/a> that allows Caltrans, the agency that builds roads and freeways, to get credits from the state if it retrofits highways with new wildlife crossings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, when Caltrans builds transportation projects that may have adverse environmental impacts, the department can draw upon these mitigation credits from building wildlife crossings. The concept is similar to other environmental programs that encourage companies to offset some of their pollution by paying for ecological benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill passed the Senate with overwhelming bipartisan support and is now being considered in the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='science']The bill would also grant mitigation credits to Caltrans when its projects protect species listed under the California Endangered Species Act. Since October 2020, some mountain lions in Southern California and the Central Coast \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/commentary/my-turn/2020/04/its-time-to-protect-californias-mountain-lions/\">have been granted temporary legal protection under the act\u003c/a>, while the state Department of Fish and Wildlife reviews whether \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Mountain-Lion\">they should be listed as threatened\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means if Stern’s bill becomes law, projects such as Liberty Canyon could receive a boost because Caltrans could receive mitigation credits for building a crossing that helps mountain lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue also represents an opportunity for Newsom to advance his family legacy of mountain lion conservation. More than 30 years ago, his father William Newsom championed the ballot measure that banned hunting the species in California. The governor remembers licking envelopes to help promote his father’s hunting ban, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article240676261.html\">told The Sacramento Bee last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stern talked with Newsom about his connection to mountain lions when they toured the site for the Liberty Canyon Wildlife Crossing almost two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is how he and a lot of other people connect to nature,” Stern said. “He was out there with his dad helping get the original mountain lion ballot initiative passed ... and he wanted to run around in the wilderness with me ... and you could tell, it woke up the kid in him.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Large animals cause 20 crashes a day on California highways. Experts say special bridges and tunnels can improve highway safety and protect endangered species.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1625613387,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":1756},"headData":{"title":"A $61 Million Bet to Keep Wildlife Safe and Off California's Highways | KQED","description":"Large animals cause 20 crashes a day on California highways. Experts say special bridges and tunnels can improve highway safety and protect endangered species.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"A $61 Million Bet to Keep Wildlife Safe and Off California's Highways","datePublished":"2021-07-06T22:42:45.000Z","dateModified":"2021-07-06T23:16:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11880422 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11880422","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/07/06/a-61-million-bet-to-keep-wildlife-safe-and-off-californias-highways/","disqusTitle":"A $61 Million Bet to Keep Wildlife Safe and Off California's Highways","source":"CalMatters","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/marissa-garcia/\">Marissa Garcia\u003c/a>","path":"/news/11880422/a-61-million-bet-to-keep-wildlife-safe-and-off-californias-highways","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’d be just another normal day, nearly 17 feet above Highway 101 in Agoura Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A southern alligator lizard and a western toad hide from the heat in the greenery of restored native vegetation. Mountain lion cubs pounce on rocks and spring into the nearby canyons. The sun glints on the feathers of a golden eagle soaring overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the scene environmentalists hope will someday become reality on a massive overpass above the 10-lane freeway that cuts through the Santa Monica Mountains near Los Angeles. The project known as the Liberty Canyon Wildlife Crossing is one step closer to happening now that Gov. Gavin Newsom has signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB128\">a budget that includes $7 million to help build it\u003c/a> — and another $54.5 million for similar projects in other parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We’re not an environmental state ... We don’t have environmental-based legislation that is resulting in protection of wildlife.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Fraser Shilling, Road Ecology Center at UC Davis","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It’s part of a larger nationwide push to build \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/05/31/climate/wildlife-crossings-animals.html\">special bridges and tunnels that help animals\u003c/a> safely cross busy roads and freeways. The goal is two-fold: to give species at risk the space they need to find mates, and to reduce the number of car crashes that imperil both wildlife and humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 7,000 vehicle crashes a year on California highways involve large wildlife, such as deer, according to 2018 data from the Road Ecology Center at UC Davis. That’s nearly 20 crashes a day, at least. Many are likely unreported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they aren’t cheap — for the drivers or the government. Between 2015 and 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://roadecology.ucdavis.edu/files/content/projects/2019%20WVC%20Report%20%28for%202018%20data%29.pdf#page=2\">wildlife crashes have cost more than $1 billion\u003c/a>. The expenses include car damage, personal injuries, emergency response, traffic impacts, lost work and the clean up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highways aren’t just crash sites for the deer caught in the headlights; they’re also a great divide that can threaten the future of an entire species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because highways cut through critical habitat, making it impossible for animals from one side to breed with animals on the other. This leads to inbreeding and deformities that result from dwindling genetic diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife crossings can help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11880433\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/courtesy_LibertyCanyonCrossing_NWF_01.jpg\" alt=\"An artist rendering of what a wildlife tunnel could look like. There is a bridge of land and wildlife that goes over a freeway.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"663\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/courtesy_LibertyCanyonCrossing_NWF_01.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/courtesy_LibertyCanyonCrossing_NWF_01-800x518.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/courtesy_LibertyCanyonCrossing_NWF_01-1020x660.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/courtesy_LibertyCanyonCrossing_NWF_01-160x104.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist rendering of the Liberty Canyon Wildlife Crossing, which would help restore connectivity in the Santa Monica Mountain range, buffering mountain lions from extinction. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of National Wildlife Federation/Living Habitats)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Utah saw a \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70003789\">98.5% reduction in deer mortalities\u003c/a> when it built two animal underpasses on a stretch of highway that blocked traditional migratory routes. In Colorado, wildlife-vehicle \u003ca href=\"https://www.codot.gov/business/process-improvement/larger-process-improvement-efforts/a-safe-crossing-colorado2019s-collaborative-research-project-for-wildlife-vehicle-mitigation\">collisions dropped by 89%\u003c/a> after the state built two bridges to help mule deer and elk safely cross a highway. Arizona, Florida, Montana, Oregon, New Mexico, Washington and Wyoming have also built successful wildlife crossings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite its environmentally aware reputation, the Golden State lags in building these crossings. The Liberty Canyon overpass would be California’s first bridge on the state highway system designed specifically for fostering wildlife connectivity. And even with the new funding, it’s still years away from completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not an environmental state,” said Fraser Shilling, co-director of the \u003ca href=\"https://roadecology.ucdavis.edu/\">Road Ecology Center at UC Davis\u003c/a>. “We don’t have environmental-based legislation that is resulting in protection of wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, however, conservationists are encouraged by action at the state Capitol. A bill making its way through the Legislature would \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB790\">encourage the state transportation agency to build more wildlife crossings\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the budget lawmakers passed last month includes new funding \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB129\">to build animal overpasses and underpasses\u003c/a>. In addition to the $7 million for the bridge at Liberty Canyon, it also includes $2 million to build a tunnel for deer and mountain lions to pass under Highway 17 in the Santa Cruz Mountains, plus $52.5 million for other wildlife crossings that have yet to be identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880435\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11880435 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/06302021_Underpass_PU_Sized_10.jpg\" alt=\"A hand holds up a large piece of paper with many footprints of different sizes.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/06302021_Underpass_PU_Sized_10.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/06302021_Underpass_PU_Sized_10-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/06302021_Underpass_PU_Sized_10-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/06302021_Underpass_PU_Sized_10-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michelle Mariscal, an ecologist for the Puente Hills Habitat Preservation Authority, holds a sheet that assists in identifying wildlife using the Harbor Boulevard Wildlife Underpass in La Habra Heights, on June 30, 2021. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wildlife crossings have gained support across the political spectrum — both from environmentalists as well as groups that advocate for hunters. Even though he disagrees with California’s ban on hunting mountain lions, Dan Whisenhunt, chief executive officer at the California Deer Association, supports building more overpasses and underpasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one time that politics is listening to common sense ... because nobody loses in this,” Whisenhunt said. “It could be somebody from Los Angeles or San Francisco or out of state, traveling on Highway 395, and they’re going to have the benefit of that crossing because there’s not going to be the deer running across the road.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near Lake Tahoe, for instance, three underpasses help mule deer safely wander below Highway 395. In Los Angeles County, the Harbor Boulevard Wildlife Underpass is a metal corrugated tunnel directing coyotes, deer and bobcats under the road. In Orange County, a corridor \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-01-29/progress-made-on-crucial-wildlife-corridor-connecting-o-c-coast-with-cleveland-national-forest\">will provide a safe route\u003c/a> for gray foxes, bobcats, coyotes and other creatures to travel between the Santa Ana Mountains and the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underpasses are generally cheaper than overpasses, and some animals, such as deer, prefer them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain lions, however, prefer overpasses. A desire to protect them from extinction has led to the years-long push to build the Liberty Canyon Wildlife Crossing. Expected to be complete in late 2025, this project will be the largest wildlife passage in the world.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/l6Z4qXratvQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/l6Z4qXratvQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>Preventing an 'Extinction Vortex'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Mountain lions in the Santa Ana and Santa Monica mountains face a 99% chance of extinction within the next 50 years, and genetic isolation is to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re inbreeding with each other, and they face this extinction vortex,” said Mari Galloway, the California program manager at Wildlands Network. “It’s shown in this kinked tail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kinked tail is a familiar omen. A few decades ago, fewer than 30 mountain lions remained in Florida. Isolated by highways, they were breeding in too small of circles. The proof was in the tail: When on the edge of extinction, the ends of the tails were bent out of shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11879719","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/received_949030718975633-1020x680.jpeg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“What they need is genetic connectivity, and so Liberty Canyon will provide more opportunities for outside mountain lions to come in and really give that gene pool a boost and diversity,” said Tiffany Yap, senior scientist at the Center for Biological Diversity in San Francisco. “Not only is that crossing really key for mountain lions, but it would help an incredible amount of biodiversity in the area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connecting one side of the mountain range to the other, the crossing would provide a safe passageway for mountain lions as well as gopher snakes, mule deer and desert cottontail rabbits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project — expected to cost $87 million — is being funded with public and private dollars, including $250,000 from the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation and $25 million from the Annenberg Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not just relying on the state,” said Beth Pratt, regional executive director at the National Wildlife Federation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investments not only buoy conservation efforts, but also make highways safer and financially self-sustaining. In Placerville, in the Sierra Nevada foothills, a tunnel under Highway 50 cost $1.3 million to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The project is pretty close to having paid for itself already by reducing collisions with deer,” said Shilling, the UC Davis ecologist.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Bringing Stakeholders on Board\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Money, however, isn’t the only problem. Even if consistent funding went to wildlife crossings, actually building them can get complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because California’s transportation planners — under pressure to serve growing communities and alleviate traffic — haven’t had much incentive to build tunnels and bridges for animals. State Sen. Henry Stern wants to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got all these big statewide goals around biodiversity and protecting natural lands and conserving open space,” the Malibu Democrat said. “But we thought we needed to do something ... that really integrated wildlife connectivity and habitat connectivity into the transportation planning process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stern’s Senate Bill 790 \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB790\">creates an incentive system\u003c/a> that allows Caltrans, the agency that builds roads and freeways, to get credits from the state if it retrofits highways with new wildlife crossings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, when Caltrans builds transportation projects that may have adverse environmental impacts, the department can draw upon these mitigation credits from building wildlife crossings. The concept is similar to other environmental programs that encourage companies to offset some of their pollution by paying for ecological benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill passed the Senate with overwhelming bipartisan support and is now being considered in the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"science"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The bill would also grant mitigation credits to Caltrans when its projects protect species listed under the California Endangered Species Act. Since October 2020, some mountain lions in Southern California and the Central Coast \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/commentary/my-turn/2020/04/its-time-to-protect-californias-mountain-lions/\">have been granted temporary legal protection under the act\u003c/a>, while the state Department of Fish and Wildlife reviews whether \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Mountain-Lion\">they should be listed as threatened\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means if Stern’s bill becomes law, projects such as Liberty Canyon could receive a boost because Caltrans could receive mitigation credits for building a crossing that helps mountain lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue also represents an opportunity for Newsom to advance his family legacy of mountain lion conservation. More than 30 years ago, his father William Newsom championed the ballot measure that banned hunting the species in California. The governor remembers licking envelopes to help promote his father’s hunting ban, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article240676261.html\">told The Sacramento Bee last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stern talked with Newsom about his connection to mountain lions when they toured the site for the Liberty Canyon Wildlife Crossing almost two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is how he and a lot of other people connect to nature,” Stern said. “He was out there with his dad helping get the original mountain lion ballot initiative passed ... and he wanted to run around in the wilderness with me ... and you could tell, it woke up the kid in him.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11880422/a-61-million-bet-to-keep-wildlife-safe-and-off-californias-highways","authors":["byline_news_11880422"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_18132","news_18538","news_21074","news_1421"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11880429","label":"source_news_11880422"},"news_11879719":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11879719","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11879719","score":null,"sort":[1625230847000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"owls-swallows-and-bluebirds-the-secret-allies-of-bay-area-farmers","title":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","publishDate":1625230847,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Dennis Tamura never set out to be a bird-watcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been a farmer for over 35 years, and he and his wife grow organic vegetables and flowers on Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville. But birds have become a part of the farm’s ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 15 years ago, a bird-loving neighbor put up small wooden bird boxes on the fence posts that line Blue Heron Farms, and Tamura just started noticing the tree swallows and Western bluebirds that came to visit. Today, he points out a fluffy baby tree swallow, its comically large yellow mouth peeking out of a hole in the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The parents come by and you’ll see that their mouth is always wide open. ‘Hey, come on! I’m hungry!’ ” he said with a laugh. “It’s always kind of fun to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880219\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880219 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands in a field looking off camera.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer Dennis Tamura stands in one of his farm’s fields on June 10, 2021. Tamura says having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control. They help him see his farm more deeply. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Their habit is to just fly and dart around pretty low because they’re snagging insects on the fly. And then they swoop in and feed — boom — immediately, and then they turn around and go back out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like he described, a handsome tree swallow, with its white belly and iridescent blue back, flew low over the crops, then turned toward a bird box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They feed them instantaneously. It’s pretty interesting,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without landing, the parent put an insect in the baby’s mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One insect Tamura worries about is the flea beetle, which loves eating plants from the Brassica family, like broccoli and bok choy. Some of the damage caused by the flea beetles is just cosmetic, he said. “But sometimes they can outright kill plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right around this time of year, when the birds begin to leave, he said, “I notice that there’s a lot more flea beetle damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the birds help with pest insects, and they’re getting something back from the farm.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Important Allies\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Those bird boxes are simple, but they’re important. \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/silent-skies-billions-of-north-american-birds-have-vanished/\">Pesticide use and habitat\u003c/a> loss shrunk the bird population in North America by almost\u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6461/120\"> 3 billion\u003c/a> since 1970. That’s nearly a 30% drop. The whole ecosystem feels that loss, since birds pollinate plants, and, like on this farm, control pest insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds like tree swallows and Western bluebirds would naturally build nests in tree cavities, but the plywood boxes all over the farm are a good substitute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also work well for barn owls. In his barn, Tamura pointed out the one box where barn owls have nested the last eight years or so, and help control his top rodent problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of gophers. I mean, we trap them but there’s no way we’re going to get them all,” Tamura said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880227\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1821px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A small colorful bird flies its way to a bird box.\" width=\"1821\" height=\"1215\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg 1821w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1821px) 100vw, 1821px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Blue Heron Farms, an adult tree swallow feeds its baby on June 10, 2021. The swallows swoop low over the fields picking off insects mid-flight. Often, they’re feeding their young flea beetles, insects that can cause damage to crops. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White droppings and clumps of regurgitated gopher cover the barn floor. Owls eat their prey whole and cough up the fur and bones, which they can’t digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking a look at the mess left behind by the birds, Tamura said, “Well, they eat a lot of gophers. It’s pretty astounding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='environment']Jo Ann Baumgartner runs \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildfarmalliance.org/\">Wild Farm Alliance\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps farmers support, and benefit from, wild nature. The organization has developed a \u003ca href=\"https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/5f2c1d71822c4cb8a9ebade1206fc0d5\">Songbird Farm Trail\u003c/a> to map locations with bird boxes, monitor changes in bird population and encourage more participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see a million bird boxes,” she said. She added little metal tags to the bird boxes on Blue Heron Farm, and will observe bird behavior here. Monitoring bird life in boxes will add to the growing citizen science and academic research about beneficial birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies used to be common, Baumgartner said. “Back in the 1880s, the precursor to the USDA started studying how important birds were for eating pest insects and rodents. They asked farmers to shoot birds, which you could never do today, and pickle their stomachs and mail them in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers studied the birds’ stomach contents, she explains, which led to a flurry of research papers published afterward on this topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pesticides gained wide use, Baumgartner said, these studies fell by the wayside. But, over the last two decades, researchers have started to study once again the benefits birds provide to farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University, spends his days studying the relationship between birds and farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University\"]‘A lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.’[/pullquote]He said that in Napa County, where he conducts his research, “the \u003ca href=\"https://www.suscolcouncil.org/about-us/firstpeopleshistory/\">Wappo\u003c/a> were the indigenous people here. They managed this place with a lot of traditional fire, keeping it an open grassland, with huge oaks that the first European colonizers waxed poetic about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added, “a lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880232\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1863px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man stands outside, next to a bird box. On one hand, he has his cellphone, on the other one he holds a very long pole.\" width=\"1863\" height=\"1243\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg 1863w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1863px) 100vw, 1863px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson checks on his phone the live images transmitted from a GoPro camera to monitor the activity of the barn owls inside the bird boxes on March 14, 2021. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson drove through a vineyard in American Canyon, stopping to check owl boxes for nests or eggs. He got out of his truck and walked towards an owl box about 15 feet off the ground and pointed out the scratches on the outside of the hole, a good sign that there’d been recent activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quietly approaching the box, he extended a painter’s pole with a GoPro camera attached to the top, which connects to his phone. Slipping the GoPro into the box, Johnson looked at his phone to get a view of what’s inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Male and female,” he whispered. “I can see an egg underneath the female. I’m going to get out of there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have built birdhouses for centuries, and Johnson says that farmers from Chile to South Africa put up barn owl boxes because they’ve seen barn owls eat rodents on their farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground,” he said. The academic research on the impact of owls on farms, however, was slim, so Johnson began the \u003ca href=\"https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/barn-owl-research\">Barn Owl Research Project\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we have some scientific evidence,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880228 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Images of barn owls in their boxes captured by the team at Barn Owl Research Humboldt State University.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson’s research team places cameras near the bird boxes it manages to keep track of the behavior of the birds. This is the inside of one of the boxes. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s team installed infrared cameras in owl boxes all over Napa Valley to monitor what owls hunted at night, and placed GPS trackers on owls to see where they hunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University\"]‘They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground.’[/pullquote]“Our estimate is that a family of barn owls removes 3,400 rodents from the landscape every year,” Johnson said. “So some of these farms, like this one that has 20 occupied boxes, you’re talking about 70,000 rodents removed every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their research showed that one-third of these rodents came directly from vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vineyard was started by the man who helped put California wines on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-’70s, Miljenko “Mike” Grgich was the winemaker for Chateau Montelena, \u003ca href=\"https://www.vivino.com/wine-news/the-day-california-wine-beat-the-french-and-shocked-the-world#:~:text=The%20Day%20California%20Wine%20Beat%20the%20French%20and%20Shocked%20the%20World,-By%20Michelle%20Locke&text=In%201976%2C%20Napa%20Valley's%20Chateau,wine%2C%E2%80%9D%20declared%20Robert%20Parker.\">the vineyard that beat French wine\u003c/a> in a taste test that became known as the Judgement of Paris. He went on to start \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/\">Grgich Hills Estate\u003c/a>, where his nephew, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/people/\">Ivo Jeramaz\u003c/a>, continues the winemaking tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Johnson checked the barn owl boxes, Jeramaz walked by and said he’d love to add more to his vineyards. Johnson explained that after analyzing this season’s data, his team can point out new locations that owls would probably like.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Conservation With People’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, Johnson met up with three grad students at another Napa vineyard to collect data and place ID bands on barn owls to study them for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They walked down to a box, wearing headlamps. First, they checked the owl box. Next, they set a trap for an adult returning to feed its young. The box is designed, Johnson explained, so that when an owl enters it, a little door swings shut and LED lights turn on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short wait, they all see movement. “So an adult owl flew in,” said Johnson. “We think it might be the female. She landed on the box and she’s … .”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he finished his sentence, the light turned on. “Oh, there she is. She’s inside! Let’s go!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team quickly walked down to the box, set up a ladder and listened in to the parent feeding baby owls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making sure the adult didn’t escape from the side door, Johnson asked one of the graduate students to shine a light inside the box while he reached in with a gloved hand to grab the owl’s feet and pull it from the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owl appeared, with its white wings spread wide out from its heart-shaped face. They put a little hood over its head to calm it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880230\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880230 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person ties an ID band around the leg of a barn owl at night.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laura Echávez, member of Matt Johnson’s research team, attaches a USGS metal ID band on a barn owl on March 30, 2021. After carefully taking measurements, the team makes sure to return each owl to its birdbox. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When they got back to the truck, graduate student \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.humboldt.edu/graduate-students/laura-ech%C3%A1vez\">Laura Echávez\u003c/a> said that the next step is to take a metal band issued by the U.S. Geological Survey and place it around the foot of the owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She held the owl with confidence and tenderness, talking to it softly as she secured the metal band. “Can you lift your head a little buddy?” she said. “There, perfect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after about 20 minutes of taking measurements and photos for their research, the team returned the owl to the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson hopes his team’s research can highlight the reciprocal relationship between farmers and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barn owls are one species that depend on oak trees, using the big cavities around the tree’s trunk to build nests. But with the growth of the vineyards and other development, many oak trees in this valley have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When farmers put up these nesting boxes, it’s amazing,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an old conservation model where the idea is that we need to protect nature from people, and just lock it away and keep people out,” he explained. The flip side would be conserving nature exclusively for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Neither of those is really quite right. I think we should think about conservation \u003ci>with\u003c/i> people, you know, understanding that we are part of the ecosystem and we do things that negatively affect some species,” Johnson said. “We can also do some things that help species survive and they in return can help us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880229 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A group of infant owls gather inside a birdbox.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Matt Johnson explains that through his research he’s learned more about how much birds contribute to the well-being of humans, and ways humans can give back. A group of infant barn owls gather inside one of the bird boxes, in an image captured by the Humboldt State University barn owl research team. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘They’re Welcome to Be Here’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back at Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville, farmer Dennis Tamura says that having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control — they help him see his farm more deeply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing what you’re looking at, it’s different than just looking and watching,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re welcome to be here because there’s plenty of food, as far as I can tell. For me, they just enhance the whole environment. And obviously they do some help for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, I pointed out, he provides a home for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” he said with a laugh, “I guess you could say that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That seems like a pretty fair trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the\u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/\"> Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, investigative news organization. The author produced the story while in residence at \u003ca href=\"https://tskw.org/#\">The Studios of Key West\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Both farmers and researchers are learning more about the role birds can play in farms, like controlling pests. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1701974790,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":60,"wordCount":2294},"headData":{"title":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers | KQED","description":"Both farmers and researchers are learning more about the role birds can play in farms, like controlling pests. ","ogTitle":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","datePublished":"2021-07-02T13:00:47.000Z","dateModified":"2023-12-07T18:46:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"The California Report Magazine","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/program/the-california-report-magazine","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/437367f6-7cb4-43cf-b3fb-ad5901800b41/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/news/11879719/owls-swallows-and-bluebirds-the-secret-allies-of-bay-area-farmers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dennis Tamura never set out to be a bird-watcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been a farmer for over 35 years, and he and his wife grow organic vegetables and flowers on Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville. But birds have become a part of the farm’s ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 15 years ago, a bird-loving neighbor put up small wooden bird boxes on the fence posts that line Blue Heron Farms, and Tamura just started noticing the tree swallows and Western bluebirds that came to visit. Today, he points out a fluffy baby tree swallow, its comically large yellow mouth peeking out of a hole in the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The parents come by and you’ll see that their mouth is always wide open. ‘Hey, come on! I’m hungry!’ ” he said with a laugh. “It’s always kind of fun to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880219\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880219 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands in a field looking off camera.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer Dennis Tamura stands in one of his farm’s fields on June 10, 2021. Tamura says having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control. They help him see his farm more deeply. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Their habit is to just fly and dart around pretty low because they’re snagging insects on the fly. And then they swoop in and feed — boom — immediately, and then they turn around and go back out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like he described, a handsome tree swallow, with its white belly and iridescent blue back, flew low over the crops, then turned toward a bird box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They feed them instantaneously. It’s pretty interesting,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without landing, the parent put an insect in the baby’s mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One insect Tamura worries about is the flea beetle, which loves eating plants from the Brassica family, like broccoli and bok choy. Some of the damage caused by the flea beetles is just cosmetic, he said. “But sometimes they can outright kill plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right around this time of year, when the birds begin to leave, he said, “I notice that there’s a lot more flea beetle damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the birds help with pest insects, and they’re getting something back from the farm.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Important Allies\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Those bird boxes are simple, but they’re important. \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/silent-skies-billions-of-north-american-birds-have-vanished/\">Pesticide use and habitat\u003c/a> loss shrunk the bird population in North America by almost\u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6461/120\"> 3 billion\u003c/a> since 1970. That’s nearly a 30% drop. The whole ecosystem feels that loss, since birds pollinate plants, and, like on this farm, control pest insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds like tree swallows and Western bluebirds would naturally build nests in tree cavities, but the plywood boxes all over the farm are a good substitute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also work well for barn owls. In his barn, Tamura pointed out the one box where barn owls have nested the last eight years or so, and help control his top rodent problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of gophers. I mean, we trap them but there’s no way we’re going to get them all,” Tamura said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880227\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1821px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A small colorful bird flies its way to a bird box.\" width=\"1821\" height=\"1215\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg 1821w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1821px) 100vw, 1821px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Blue Heron Farms, an adult tree swallow feeds its baby on June 10, 2021. The swallows swoop low over the fields picking off insects mid-flight. Often, they’re feeding their young flea beetles, insects that can cause damage to crops. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White droppings and clumps of regurgitated gopher cover the barn floor. Owls eat their prey whole and cough up the fur and bones, which they can’t digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking a look at the mess left behind by the birds, Tamura said, “Well, they eat a lot of gophers. It’s pretty astounding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"environment"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Jo Ann Baumgartner runs \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildfarmalliance.org/\">Wild Farm Alliance\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps farmers support, and benefit from, wild nature. The organization has developed a \u003ca href=\"https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/5f2c1d71822c4cb8a9ebade1206fc0d5\">Songbird Farm Trail\u003c/a> to map locations with bird boxes, monitor changes in bird population and encourage more participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see a million bird boxes,” she said. She added little metal tags to the bird boxes on Blue Heron Farm, and will observe bird behavior here. Monitoring bird life in boxes will add to the growing citizen science and academic research about beneficial birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies used to be common, Baumgartner said. “Back in the 1880s, the precursor to the USDA started studying how important birds were for eating pest insects and rodents. They asked farmers to shoot birds, which you could never do today, and pickle their stomachs and mail them in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers studied the birds’ stomach contents, she explains, which led to a flurry of research papers published afterward on this topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pesticides gained wide use, Baumgartner said, these studies fell by the wayside. But, over the last two decades, researchers have started to study once again the benefits birds provide to farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University, spends his days studying the relationship between birds and farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘A lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He said that in Napa County, where he conducts his research, “the \u003ca href=\"https://www.suscolcouncil.org/about-us/firstpeopleshistory/\">Wappo\u003c/a> were the indigenous people here. They managed this place with a lot of traditional fire, keeping it an open grassland, with huge oaks that the first European colonizers waxed poetic about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added, “a lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880232\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1863px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man stands outside, next to a bird box. On one hand, he has his cellphone, on the other one he holds a very long pole.\" width=\"1863\" height=\"1243\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg 1863w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1863px) 100vw, 1863px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson checks on his phone the live images transmitted from a GoPro camera to monitor the activity of the barn owls inside the bird boxes on March 14, 2021. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson drove through a vineyard in American Canyon, stopping to check owl boxes for nests or eggs. He got out of his truck and walked towards an owl box about 15 feet off the ground and pointed out the scratches on the outside of the hole, a good sign that there’d been recent activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quietly approaching the box, he extended a painter’s pole with a GoPro camera attached to the top, which connects to his phone. Slipping the GoPro into the box, Johnson looked at his phone to get a view of what’s inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Male and female,” he whispered. “I can see an egg underneath the female. I’m going to get out of there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have built birdhouses for centuries, and Johnson says that farmers from Chile to South Africa put up barn owl boxes because they’ve seen barn owls eat rodents on their farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground,” he said. The academic research on the impact of owls on farms, however, was slim, so Johnson began the \u003ca href=\"https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/barn-owl-research\">Barn Owl Research Project\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we have some scientific evidence,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880228 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Images of barn owls in their boxes captured by the team at Barn Owl Research Humboldt State University.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson’s research team places cameras near the bird boxes it manages to keep track of the behavior of the birds. This is the inside of one of the boxes. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s team installed infrared cameras in owl boxes all over Napa Valley to monitor what owls hunted at night, and placed GPS trackers on owls to see where they hunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Our estimate is that a family of barn owls removes 3,400 rodents from the landscape every year,” Johnson said. “So some of these farms, like this one that has 20 occupied boxes, you’re talking about 70,000 rodents removed every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their research showed that one-third of these rodents came directly from vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vineyard was started by the man who helped put California wines on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-’70s, Miljenko “Mike” Grgich was the winemaker for Chateau Montelena, \u003ca href=\"https://www.vivino.com/wine-news/the-day-california-wine-beat-the-french-and-shocked-the-world#:~:text=The%20Day%20California%20Wine%20Beat%20the%20French%20and%20Shocked%20the%20World,-By%20Michelle%20Locke&text=In%201976%2C%20Napa%20Valley's%20Chateau,wine%2C%E2%80%9D%20declared%20Robert%20Parker.\">the vineyard that beat French wine\u003c/a> in a taste test that became known as the Judgement of Paris. He went on to start \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/\">Grgich Hills Estate\u003c/a>, where his nephew, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/people/\">Ivo Jeramaz\u003c/a>, continues the winemaking tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Johnson checked the barn owl boxes, Jeramaz walked by and said he’d love to add more to his vineyards. Johnson explained that after analyzing this season’s data, his team can point out new locations that owls would probably like.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Conservation With People’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, Johnson met up with three grad students at another Napa vineyard to collect data and place ID bands on barn owls to study them for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They walked down to a box, wearing headlamps. First, they checked the owl box. Next, they set a trap for an adult returning to feed its young. The box is designed, Johnson explained, so that when an owl enters it, a little door swings shut and LED lights turn on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short wait, they all see movement. “So an adult owl flew in,” said Johnson. “We think it might be the female. She landed on the box and she’s … .”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he finished his sentence, the light turned on. “Oh, there she is. She’s inside! Let’s go!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team quickly walked down to the box, set up a ladder and listened in to the parent feeding baby owls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making sure the adult didn’t escape from the side door, Johnson asked one of the graduate students to shine a light inside the box while he reached in with a gloved hand to grab the owl’s feet and pull it from the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owl appeared, with its white wings spread wide out from its heart-shaped face. They put a little hood over its head to calm it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880230\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880230 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person ties an ID band around the leg of a barn owl at night.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laura Echávez, member of Matt Johnson’s research team, attaches a USGS metal ID band on a barn owl on March 30, 2021. After carefully taking measurements, the team makes sure to return each owl to its birdbox. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When they got back to the truck, graduate student \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.humboldt.edu/graduate-students/laura-ech%C3%A1vez\">Laura Echávez\u003c/a> said that the next step is to take a metal band issued by the U.S. Geological Survey and place it around the foot of the owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She held the owl with confidence and tenderness, talking to it softly as she secured the metal band. “Can you lift your head a little buddy?” she said. “There, perfect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after about 20 minutes of taking measurements and photos for their research, the team returned the owl to the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson hopes his team’s research can highlight the reciprocal relationship between farmers and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barn owls are one species that depend on oak trees, using the big cavities around the tree’s trunk to build nests. But with the growth of the vineyards and other development, many oak trees in this valley have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When farmers put up these nesting boxes, it’s amazing,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an old conservation model where the idea is that we need to protect nature from people, and just lock it away and keep people out,” he explained. The flip side would be conserving nature exclusively for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Neither of those is really quite right. I think we should think about conservation \u003ci>with\u003c/i> people, you know, understanding that we are part of the ecosystem and we do things that negatively affect some species,” Johnson said. “We can also do some things that help species survive and they in return can help us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880229 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A group of infant owls gather inside a birdbox.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Matt Johnson explains that through his research he’s learned more about how much birds contribute to the well-being of humans, and ways humans can give back. A group of infant barn owls gather inside one of the bird boxes, in an image captured by the Humboldt State University barn owl research team. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘They’re Welcome to Be Here’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back at Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville, farmer Dennis Tamura says that having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control — they help him see his farm more deeply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing what you’re looking at, it’s different than just looking and watching,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re welcome to be here because there’s plenty of food, as far as I can tell. For me, they just enhance the whole environment. And obviously they do some help for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, I pointed out, he provides a home for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” he said with a laugh, “I guess you could say that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That seems like a pretty fair trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the\u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/\"> Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, investigative news organization. The author produced the story while in residence at \u003ca href=\"https://tskw.org/#\">The Studios of Key West\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11879719/owls-swallows-and-bluebirds-the-secret-allies-of-bay-area-farmers","authors":["3229"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"series":["news_17045"],"categories":["news_19906","news_24114","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_2426","news_18538","news_28519","news_21074","news_20023","news_18163","news_28199","news_6565","news_29648","news_20851","news_3800","news_1275"],"featImg":"news_11880216","label":"source_news_11879719"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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