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"content": "\u003cp>With lawmakers poised to vote on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040025/newsom-blames-trump-california-budget-deficit-aims-cap-undocumented-health-care\">state budget\u003c/a> bill on Friday, California legal aid groups that serve immigrants are raising alarms over some fine print that they say could seriously restrict \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979997/concords-new-immigration-court\">access to deportation defense\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators included language in the bill saying that the state funding that has long gone to immigration legal aid cannot be used to assist people who have any sort of felony conviction. Advocates and legal aid administrators say that’s a problem at a moment when the Trump administration is ramping up immigration raids — most recently in Los Angeles \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043885/increased-ice-raids-send-shock-waves-through-farm-worker-community\">and the Central Valley\u003c/a> — and as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016037/california-is-a-sanctuary-state-how-much-protection-will-that-give-immigrants-from-trumps-deportation-plans\">state leaders have vowed\u003c/a> to vigorously protect California’s immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The timing couldn’t be worse,” said Doan Nguyen, director for the Office of Access & Inclusion at the State Bar of California, which administers the state’s funding for legal services. “With the current atmosphere and the ICE raids … we just think that this is really going to add to the chilling effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1999, the state has supported legal assistance for low-income Californians dealing with issues such as housing discrimination, wage theft at work and navigating the immigration system. Last year, the Equal Access Fund distributed more than $31 million to nonprofit legal service providers, according to the State Bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s budget bill \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB101\">currently says\u003c/a> the funds “shall not be used for legal services defending an immigrant against removal from the United States or another immigration remedy based on a documented felony conviction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040027\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040027\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom stands in front of a state flag during a press conference about President Donald Trump’s tariffs on Wednesday, April 16, 2025, at an almond farm in Ceres, California. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That comes after a winter special session at which the Legislature approved an extra $25 million to fund immigration legal services, including $10 million channeled through the State Bar. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024851/california-legislature-approves-50m-to-fight-trump-administration-in-court\">Under pressure from Republicans\u003c/a>, the Democratic authors of that bill included a caveat, reflected in \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/SBx1-2-Signing-Message.pdf\">Gov. Gavin Newsom’s signing statement\u003c/a>, that those funds were not to be used for “individuals with serious or violent felony convictions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that history, Nguyen said she and her colleagues were expecting some kind of restrictive language in the budget bill for the next year, but they were taken aback at how broad it was, excluding even people who’ve committed nonviolent crimes such as theft or vandalism from getting help with immigration matters.[aside postID=news_12043582 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250610-LEGAL-AID-HUNGER-STRIKE-MD-01-KQED.jpg']“It raises a lot of concern,” she said. “It’s going to stoke fears and create a chilling effect on low-income communities that are in need of vital legal services, even beyond immigration, say public benefits or housing-related.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nguyen added that she also worried that any new requirement to screen clients’ criminal histories would create an administrative burden on already stretched legal clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamid Yazdan Panah, who leads Immigrant Defense Advocates, said he was frustrated that Democratic lawmakers opted to include what he called a \u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>criminalizing exemption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they spent more time understanding the importance of legal resources, they would understand that it ultimately helps our state to invest in legal infrastructure and protect due process, especially when it’s being attacked in the manner that we see right now in the streets in L.A.,” he said. “The majority of the funding goes to long-term California residents. And California reaps the benefits of keeping households together and having a strong immigrant workforce that has work permits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panah said he’s also worried that the syntax of the bill is sloppy, fearing that the language could be interpreted to mean that the funds may not be used to provide deportation defense for anyone at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislative staffers say that’s not the intention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040807\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040807\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California State Capitol in Sacramento on May 6, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though the Legislature is required to pass the budget by June 15, there are still two weeks in which they are expected to hammer out final language in talks with the governor before the new fiscal year begins July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Legislature doubled down on investments in legal aid this year, because immigrant workers, students and parents need support more than ever in the face of Trump’s raids and terror,” said Nick Miller, communications director for Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas. “The Governor’s message from January regarding aid and felons, and any draft language, will be discussed during ongoing budget negotiations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2024, roughly $8 million of the Equal Access Fund was spent on immigration legal services, and of the nearly 42,000 low-income Californians who got legal help, more than 11,000 were immigration clients, according to State Bar officials. Additional funds for immigration legal aid flow through the state Department of Social Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the nonprofits that receives funding from the Equal Access program is the Oakland-based California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice. Co-Executive Director Lisa Knox urged lawmakers to remove the restriction and once again allow groups like hers to serve anyone who needs a lawyer to fight deportation or apply for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Legal representation is the most important factor in whether someone facing deportation is able to remain in their community with their family,” she said. “At a time when the Trump administration is sending in the military to make sure ICE can violently detain as many people as possible in California, it is unconscionable that our state Legislature would pull the rug out from under people who need legal representation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Lawmakers want to block funds from helping immigrants with felony convictions, which legal aid groups said could seriously limit access to deportation defense even as immigration raids mount. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With lawmakers poised to vote on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040025/newsom-blames-trump-california-budget-deficit-aims-cap-undocumented-health-care\">state budget\u003c/a> bill on Friday, California legal aid groups that serve immigrants are raising alarms over some fine print that they say could seriously restrict \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979997/concords-new-immigration-court\">access to deportation defense\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators included language in the bill saying that the state funding that has long gone to immigration legal aid cannot be used to assist people who have any sort of felony conviction. Advocates and legal aid administrators say that’s a problem at a moment when the Trump administration is ramping up immigration raids — most recently in Los Angeles \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043885/increased-ice-raids-send-shock-waves-through-farm-worker-community\">and the Central Valley\u003c/a> — and as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016037/california-is-a-sanctuary-state-how-much-protection-will-that-give-immigrants-from-trumps-deportation-plans\">state leaders have vowed\u003c/a> to vigorously protect California’s immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The timing couldn’t be worse,” said Doan Nguyen, director for the Office of Access & Inclusion at the State Bar of California, which administers the state’s funding for legal services. “With the current atmosphere and the ICE raids … we just think that this is really going to add to the chilling effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1999, the state has supported legal assistance for low-income Californians dealing with issues such as housing discrimination, wage theft at work and navigating the immigration system. Last year, the Equal Access Fund distributed more than $31 million to nonprofit legal service providers, according to the State Bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s budget bill \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB101\">currently says\u003c/a> the funds “shall not be used for legal services defending an immigrant against removal from the United States or another immigration remedy based on a documented felony conviction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040027\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040027\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GavinNewsom2025AP2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom stands in front of a state flag during a press conference about President Donald Trump’s tariffs on Wednesday, April 16, 2025, at an almond farm in Ceres, California. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That comes after a winter special session at which the Legislature approved an extra $25 million to fund immigration legal services, including $10 million channeled through the State Bar. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024851/california-legislature-approves-50m-to-fight-trump-administration-in-court\">Under pressure from Republicans\u003c/a>, the Democratic authors of that bill included a caveat, reflected in \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/SBx1-2-Signing-Message.pdf\">Gov. Gavin Newsom’s signing statement\u003c/a>, that those funds were not to be used for “individuals with serious or violent felony convictions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that history, Nguyen said she and her colleagues were expecting some kind of restrictive language in the budget bill for the next year, but they were taken aback at how broad it was, excluding even people who’ve committed nonviolent crimes such as theft or vandalism from getting help with immigration matters.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It raises a lot of concern,” she said. “It’s going to stoke fears and create a chilling effect on low-income communities that are in need of vital legal services, even beyond immigration, say public benefits or housing-related.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nguyen added that she also worried that any new requirement to screen clients’ criminal histories would create an administrative burden on already stretched legal clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamid Yazdan Panah, who leads Immigrant Defense Advocates, said he was frustrated that Democratic lawmakers opted to include what he called a \u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>criminalizing exemption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they spent more time understanding the importance of legal resources, they would understand that it ultimately helps our state to invest in legal infrastructure and protect due process, especially when it’s being attacked in the manner that we see right now in the streets in L.A.,” he said. “The majority of the funding goes to long-term California residents. And California reaps the benefits of keeping households together and having a strong immigrant workforce that has work permits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panah said he’s also worried that the syntax of the bill is sloppy, fearing that the language could be interpreted to mean that the funds may not be used to provide deportation defense for anyone at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislative staffers say that’s not the intention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040807\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040807\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-11-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California State Capitol in Sacramento on May 6, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though the Legislature is required to pass the budget by June 15, there are still two weeks in which they are expected to hammer out final language in talks with the governor before the new fiscal year begins July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Legislature doubled down on investments in legal aid this year, because immigrant workers, students and parents need support more than ever in the face of Trump’s raids and terror,” said Nick Miller, communications director for Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas. “The Governor’s message from January regarding aid and felons, and any draft language, will be discussed during ongoing budget negotiations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2024, roughly $8 million of the Equal Access Fund was spent on immigration legal services, and of the nearly 42,000 low-income Californians who got legal help, more than 11,000 were immigration clients, according to State Bar officials. Additional funds for immigration legal aid flow through the state Department of Social Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the nonprofits that receives funding from the Equal Access program is the Oakland-based California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice. Co-Executive Director Lisa Knox urged lawmakers to remove the restriction and once again allow groups like hers to serve anyone who needs a lawyer to fight deportation or apply for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Legal representation is the most important factor in whether someone facing deportation is able to remain in their community with their family,” she said. “At a time when the Trump administration is sending in the military to make sure ICE can violently detain as many people as possible in California, it is unconscionable that our state Legislature would pull the rug out from under people who need legal representation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "home-on-the-grange-in-anderson-valley-hippies-old-timers-return-to-farming-roots",
"title": "Home on the Grange: In Anderson Valley, Hippies, Old-Timers Return to Farming Roots",
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"headTitle": "Home on the Grange: In Anderson Valley, Hippies, Old-Timers Return to Farming Roots | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>For her series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/californiafoodways\">California Foodways\u003c/a>, Lisa Morehouse is reporting a story about food and farming from each of California’s 58 counties.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every month, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/tag/anderson-valley\">Anderson Valley \u003c/a>Grange holds a pancake breakfast at their Grange hall in the town of Philo. A team of volunteers prepares pancakes, eggs and bacon for the 100 or so community members who show up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the kitchen during January’s breakfast, a man known as Captain Rainbow called out “Danger, danger!” as he pulled sizzling bacon out of the oven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a trio of local musicians played, Erich Jonas mixed a hyper-local pancake batter. It includes flour from the Mendocino Grain Project, which he called “absolutely perfect for this local feast,” and just about half a can of the best beer from the Anderson Valley Brewing Company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so here we go. We’re going to add this magic ingredient, just enough to wet the batter down so it’s not sticky,” he said, while whisking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grange halls like this one have been around for more than 150 years — the Grange began as a fraternal organization for farmers. Even though farming — and Grange membership — are down to a fraction of what they were decades ago, many rural towns still rely on Grange halls as community centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it’s doing a holiday dinner or … hosting a local food bank, it’s a place where people can do what’s most natural to us, which is focus on our cooperative dynamics and community,” Jonas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030055\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030055\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign for the Anderson Valley Brewing Company on a fermentation tank in Boonville, California, on March 1, 2025. The sign includes the words Bahl Mornin, meaning Good Morning in the Boontling language. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Anderson Valley, many people credit this place for bringing together groups of people that were once really divided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Order of the Patrons of Husbandry, better known as the Grange, was founded in 1867 as a social and educational organization for farmers. It gained membership as Grangers banded together to fight the high prices that grain elevators and \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/event/Granger-movement\">railroads\u003c/a> were charging to store and transport their crops. Their non-partisan political advocacy began with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029560/the-california-railroads-surprising-impact-on-food-and-civil-rights\">issues like regulating the railroads\u003c/a> and making sure mail was delivered to rural areas for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captain Rainbow explained, “The farmers essentially created the Grange as like a co-op, and they had some power in numbers like a union.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Anderson Valley is an agricultural community. Dozens of vineyards line Highway 128, and they grow a lot of cannabis in this region, too. But wine and cannabis didn’t dominate the Valley when Captain Rainbow arrived here in the early 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first came here, the economy of the valley was sheep farming, and apples, and logging, pretty much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12029568 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/20250308_BESANS-MARKET_DMB_00963-KQED-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he wore a loincloth, lived up in the woods with some other back-to-the-landers, and didn’t come into town too much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In those days, if you were a hippie, you weren’t particularly welcome here,” he said. “The nickname of the bar was ‘the Bucket of Blood,’ and it was pretty renowned for being a pretty rugged spot. I didn’t go in the bar for about 10 years because it was chainsaw haircut time if you did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainbow still has the long hair — now gray, pulled back in a neat ponytail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, the only affordable place in town to hold an event was at the old Grange hall, built in 1939.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It had a really nice old fir dance floor, and a big barrel stove with a bunch of firewood to warm the place up, and a little tiny goofy stage,” Rainbow said. “That’s where we’d have our rock and roll parties and do our little plays and our clown shows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030052\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Captain Rainbow stands in the doorway of the Anderson Valley Grange during the Winter Abundance Gathering, a seed and scion exchange, in Philo, California, on March 1, 2025. Established in the late 1930s, the Grange has long been a community hub, hosting local events, farmers’ markets, and gatherings that honor the region’s agricultural heritage. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rainbow said the Grange membership back then was made up of old-timers who were a little reluctant to rent out the hall to hippies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they didn’t have any money either,” so they grudgingly relented. “And you know what?” Rainbow said, “We loved that building, too, so we did take care of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one morning in 1985, Rainbow heard some terrible news: the Grange hall burned down. News spread fast, and people from across the valley went to see the damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was nothing left,” Rainbow said. “I mean, it was just a pile of gray and black charred stuff. It was gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Anderson Valley’s Grangers planned to rebuild the hall, the hippies begged them to include a stage and a wooden floor for dancing. They even made a bargain with the Grangers, one they never thought they’d have to keep: if the insurance money ran out, they would help the Grangers rebuild the hall. The insurance money didn’t last, and so, working one day a week, it took this incongruous group of volunteers six years to build the new Grange hall.[aside postID=news_12029560 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_39595_p-1020x679.jpg']“This was, to me, the nut of a coming together of different groups of people who needed each other,” Captain Rainbow said. “They needed us to do the work for free, and we needed them to provide this space and this place and the possibility that we could have a dance hall again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if a hippie had a bad encounter with an old timer at the Bucket of Blood saloon the night before, Rainbow said, “The next day, hungover, both of you would be hanging sheetrock together, and you’d find out that, hey, you’re all right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of drinking or talking politics, they were building something together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I gained a lot of friends in the valley that way. I’m not sure this holds for everyone else in the valley, but for me, that was the time things opened up, because we were engaged in a common purpose. Rather than looking at our differences, we were looking at our samenesses,” Rainbow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Anderson Valley Grangers saw their peers getting older, they looked around at the younger volunteers who were showing up with skills and interest, and they saw something else: potential Grange members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captain Rainbow remembered, “One day, one of those guys came up to me and said, ‘Hey, you know, you want to join the grange?’ And my eyes got big, and I went, ‘Really?’ And they asked other people who had been volunteering, as well, to become members. We couldn’t believe it. We went, ‘What? You’re kidding. You really … you want us? You want us?’ And they did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030053\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030053\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Captain Rainbow talks with a friend during the Winter Abundance Gathering, a seed and scion exchange, at the Anderson Valley Grange in Philo, California, on March 1, 2025. Established in the late 1930s, the Grange has long been a community hub, hosting local events, farmers’ markets, and gatherings that honor the region’s agricultural heritage. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both sides had to compromise a bit. When they became members, the hippies had to go through some rituals, learn the secret handshake, and the password. This new contingent wasn’t going to go all in for the traditions of a fraternal organization, but Captain Rainbow and others learned the origins of many of these rituals and began to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The secret handshake and all that stuff came about because they would go to Washington D.C. and lobby for farmers’ rights,” Rainbow said, “and they had to know who was a Granger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon enough, Captain Rainbow found himself appointed Grange Master, and he’s been involved ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, people know the Anderson Valley Grange Hall for its annual variety show and as a place to hold meetings, dances and quinceañeras, but it still has agricultural connections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality of this was on full display in early March. The parking lot was packed before the official start of the event at the hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local food groups rented out the Grange hall for a day of education and seed and scion exchanges.[aside postID=news_12015282 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/240715-StillLifeCafe-03-1020x680.jpg']Amid grafting workshops, people walked in carrying containers full of seeds and grocery bags with cuttings from trees — young shoots, called scions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one side of the Grange hall, tables were covered with scion wood. Barbara Goodell, one of the event’s organizers, pointed out many of the varieties she saw:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nuts, grapes, figs on this table. There’s apples, peaches, persimmons, plums, all kinds of things. Anything that you can graft, it’s here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grafting lets growers join two different plants together into one — like a hearty rootstock with a scion of a really delicious apple variety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not rocket science, necessarily,” Goodell said. “It’s putting two sticks together in the right way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other side of the hall was all about seeds, including seed libraries for each of Mendocino County’s library branches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kat Wu and Sab Mai came up from San Jose. They chatted with Jini Reynolds, a Grange advocate and leader, about how to save seeds from their small home garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030048\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community members gather for the Winter Abundance Gathering, a seed and scion exchange, at the Anderson Valley Grange in Philo, California, on March 1, 2025. Established in the late 1930s, the Grange has long been a community hub, hosting local events, farmers’ markets, and gatherings that honor the region’s agricultural heritage. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The important thing about saving seeds is to mark down what kind of climate you grew it in, the things that made you successful, like the soils or did you have a raised bed, so that other people in your community can then understand how they can grow,” Reynolds said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She encouraged Wu and Mai to look for resources in their own region, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m with the Grange, and we’re a national organization. So you have Granges down in your area, too. Maybe put together some kind of seed exchange so that you can all share information,” she told them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynolds is a member of another Grange in Mendocino County, about an hour away from the Anderson Valley hall. There are seven community Granges in Mendocino County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Reynolds moved to a one-acre farm in Mendocino County 50 years ago, she’d attend parties and PTA meetings at the local grange hall, but had no idea what “Grange” meant. As she learned more about the organization, she got more committed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting about 15 years ago, there was a lot of tension within California Granges. Rifts widened over values, leadership and property. Many groups in California broke away from the national Grange.[aside postID=news_11999452 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/DiversGearUp-1020x680.jpg']During this time, Reynolds said, she studied Grange history and bylaws. She decided to help the organization grow and change it from within.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m now kind of like a cheerleader for the Grange,” Reynolds said. “Because I see that — even clear across the nation, not just California —all of us are looking at, ‘How do we live sustainably? How do we keep our community centers? Where do we get the support?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she’s president of what’s called the “Pomona” — the regional Grange serving Mendocino and Lake Counties, and she’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.castategrange.org/field-representatives\">helping state granges\u003c/a> rebuild their membership. She’s also on the diversity team of the national Grange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early days, the Grange helped farmers organize and fight railroad moguls. The needs for today’s rural communities are different. Many Granges are modernizing their halls to be emergency shelters. Reynolds pointed out that members can get discounts on propane and can attend practical workshops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Come on down and learn how to do CPR. Come on down and learn how to handle that ham radio. Come on down and learn this skill on how to put new gravel in your driveway,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendocino County Grangers even started a retirement facility that houses 170 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030050\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030050\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stuart (left) talks with Victoria Joy about seeds during the Winter Abundance Gathering, a seed and scion exchange, at the Anderson Valley Grange in Philo, California, on March 1, 2025. Established in the late 1930s, the Grange has long been a community hub, hosting local events, farmers’ markets, and gatherings that honor the region’s agricultural heritage. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In rural California, one concern comes up again and again: fire. One that stays with Reynolds is 2017’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.mendocinocounty.gov/Home/Components/News/News/6829/#:~:text=The%20fire%20began%20on%20October,the%20lives%20of%20nine%20individuals.\">Redwood Complex\u003c/a> fire. The disaster killed nine people. It destroyed 350 homes and 36,000 acres, and required thousands of people to evacuate. When roads opened back up, Reynolds said she was the one with the key to the Redwood Valley Grange, which was still standing. She let PG&E in to get the propane turned back on, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told my husband, ‘I can’t close the door to the Grange,’” she said, with emotion creeping into her voice. “All of my neighbors were going back to see if they had a house or not, or whether their farms were there anymore, whether they had anything left at all, and they were driving right past the Grange.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynolds said that she, her husband, and other volunteers made brownies and coffee, and put out a sandwich board, saying, “Come on in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And all of a sudden, people were bringing food down there,” she said. “Red Cross was outside, FEMA was in the room and they started answering people’s questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families were able to reconnect and find each other after the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is all because of a Grange hall. If we didn’t have the Grange hall, none of this would have happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, the Grange was at its peak in the 1950s, with over 850,000 members. That dropped a lot over the decades, as farmland was paved over for suburbs, and membership in civic organizations declined.[aside postID=news_11948223 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/mas-in-blooms-sized-1020x574.jpg'] But the last few years have seen membership grow incrementally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has 120 Granges, and in the last year alone, seven Granges opened — some brand new, some brought back to life or reorganized, since the state-wide rift. Reynolds said, revitalizing the Grange is her calling. She’s working to reestablish Granges in Fort Bragg and Upper Lake — communities in Mendocino and Lake Counties — in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she knows that the Grange needs to be truly inclusive to keep growing and represent all the people living in rural areas. As someone with Paiute ancestry, that’s dear to her heart. She pointed out that the National organization has changed language, like “Grange Master,” to “President.” A number of Granges — including in California — have a majority Latino population. And California’s state Grange is translating all documents into Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be a while, but we’re working on that. And as far as the indigenous people,” she said, getting emotional, “we’re working on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thinking about the future of the Anderson Valley Grange, Captain Rainbow gets a little nostalgic. “When my generation came in and became part of the Grange, the old-timers, they needed us. And now, I’m a geezer now!” He called his peer group new old-timers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030051\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030051\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerzy Skupny (right) teaches a grafting workshop during the Winter Abundance Gathering, a seed and scion exchange, at the Anderson Valley Grange in Philo, California, on March 1, 2025. Established in the late 1930s, the Grange has long been a community hub, hosting local events, farmers’ markets, and gatherings that honor the region’s agricultural heritage. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though the Anderson Valley Grange Hall fills up for dances, pancake breakfasts and seed exchanges, the chapter hovers between 40 and 50 members, and many of them are from Rainbow’s generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need some fresh blood,” Rainbow said. Although, he said, “there’s still some folks who are coming and want to do small-time agricultural farming,” he worries there won’t be enough, or that they won’t have the same spirit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But who knows, things evolve. They change. And who am I to claim that I know what’s going to happen or what’s right,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why I came here was a sense of place,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully, he said, the Grange can remain “a focal point for this sense of place,” and continue to be a space that brings people together in the Anderson Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced with support from the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://thefern.org/\">\u003cem>Food and Environment Reporting Network\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. It’s part of Lisa’s series \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://californiafoodways.com/\">\u003cem>California Foodways\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In Mendocino County, a community bands together over farming, food and wildfire resilience at a historic Grange hall.",
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"title": "Home on the Grange: In Anderson Valley, Hippies, Old-Timers Return to Farming Roots | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>For her series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/californiafoodways\">California Foodways\u003c/a>, Lisa Morehouse is reporting a story about food and farming from each of California’s 58 counties.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every month, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/tag/anderson-valley\">Anderson Valley \u003c/a>Grange holds a pancake breakfast at their Grange hall in the town of Philo. A team of volunteers prepares pancakes, eggs and bacon for the 100 or so community members who show up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the kitchen during January’s breakfast, a man known as Captain Rainbow called out “Danger, danger!” as he pulled sizzling bacon out of the oven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a trio of local musicians played, Erich Jonas mixed a hyper-local pancake batter. It includes flour from the Mendocino Grain Project, which he called “absolutely perfect for this local feast,” and just about half a can of the best beer from the Anderson Valley Brewing Company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so here we go. We’re going to add this magic ingredient, just enough to wet the batter down so it’s not sticky,” he said, while whisking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grange halls like this one have been around for more than 150 years — the Grange began as a fraternal organization for farmers. Even though farming — and Grange membership — are down to a fraction of what they were decades ago, many rural towns still rely on Grange halls as community centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it’s doing a holiday dinner or … hosting a local food bank, it’s a place where people can do what’s most natural to us, which is focus on our cooperative dynamics and community,” Jonas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030055\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030055\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-47-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign for the Anderson Valley Brewing Company on a fermentation tank in Boonville, California, on March 1, 2025. The sign includes the words Bahl Mornin, meaning Good Morning in the Boontling language. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Anderson Valley, many people credit this place for bringing together groups of people that were once really divided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Order of the Patrons of Husbandry, better known as the Grange, was founded in 1867 as a social and educational organization for farmers. It gained membership as Grangers banded together to fight the high prices that grain elevators and \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/event/Granger-movement\">railroads\u003c/a> were charging to store and transport their crops. Their non-partisan political advocacy began with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029560/the-california-railroads-surprising-impact-on-food-and-civil-rights\">issues like regulating the railroads\u003c/a> and making sure mail was delivered to rural areas for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captain Rainbow explained, “The farmers essentially created the Grange as like a co-op, and they had some power in numbers like a union.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Anderson Valley is an agricultural community. Dozens of vineyards line Highway 128, and they grow a lot of cannabis in this region, too. But wine and cannabis didn’t dominate the Valley when Captain Rainbow arrived here in the early 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first came here, the economy of the valley was sheep farming, and apples, and logging, pretty much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he wore a loincloth, lived up in the woods with some other back-to-the-landers, and didn’t come into town too much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In those days, if you were a hippie, you weren’t particularly welcome here,” he said. “The nickname of the bar was ‘the Bucket of Blood,’ and it was pretty renowned for being a pretty rugged spot. I didn’t go in the bar for about 10 years because it was chainsaw haircut time if you did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainbow still has the long hair — now gray, pulled back in a neat ponytail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, the only affordable place in town to hold an event was at the old Grange hall, built in 1939.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It had a really nice old fir dance floor, and a big barrel stove with a bunch of firewood to warm the place up, and a little tiny goofy stage,” Rainbow said. “That’s where we’d have our rock and roll parties and do our little plays and our clown shows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030052\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-38-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Captain Rainbow stands in the doorway of the Anderson Valley Grange during the Winter Abundance Gathering, a seed and scion exchange, in Philo, California, on March 1, 2025. Established in the late 1930s, the Grange has long been a community hub, hosting local events, farmers’ markets, and gatherings that honor the region’s agricultural heritage. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rainbow said the Grange membership back then was made up of old-timers who were a little reluctant to rent out the hall to hippies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they didn’t have any money either,” so they grudgingly relented. “And you know what?” Rainbow said, “We loved that building, too, so we did take care of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one morning in 1985, Rainbow heard some terrible news: the Grange hall burned down. News spread fast, and people from across the valley went to see the damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was nothing left,” Rainbow said. “I mean, it was just a pile of gray and black charred stuff. It was gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Anderson Valley’s Grangers planned to rebuild the hall, the hippies begged them to include a stage and a wooden floor for dancing. They even made a bargain with the Grangers, one they never thought they’d have to keep: if the insurance money ran out, they would help the Grangers rebuild the hall. The insurance money didn’t last, and so, working one day a week, it took this incongruous group of volunteers six years to build the new Grange hall.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This was, to me, the nut of a coming together of different groups of people who needed each other,” Captain Rainbow said. “They needed us to do the work for free, and we needed them to provide this space and this place and the possibility that we could have a dance hall again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if a hippie had a bad encounter with an old timer at the Bucket of Blood saloon the night before, Rainbow said, “The next day, hungover, both of you would be hanging sheetrock together, and you’d find out that, hey, you’re all right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of drinking or talking politics, they were building something together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I gained a lot of friends in the valley that way. I’m not sure this holds for everyone else in the valley, but for me, that was the time things opened up, because we were engaged in a common purpose. Rather than looking at our differences, we were looking at our samenesses,” Rainbow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Anderson Valley Grangers saw their peers getting older, they looked around at the younger volunteers who were showing up with skills and interest, and they saw something else: potential Grange members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captain Rainbow remembered, “One day, one of those guys came up to me and said, ‘Hey, you know, you want to join the grange?’ And my eyes got big, and I went, ‘Really?’ And they asked other people who had been volunteering, as well, to become members. We couldn’t believe it. We went, ‘What? You’re kidding. You really … you want us? You want us?’ And they did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030053\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030053\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-41-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Captain Rainbow talks with a friend during the Winter Abundance Gathering, a seed and scion exchange, at the Anderson Valley Grange in Philo, California, on March 1, 2025. Established in the late 1930s, the Grange has long been a community hub, hosting local events, farmers’ markets, and gatherings that honor the region’s agricultural heritage. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both sides had to compromise a bit. When they became members, the hippies had to go through some rituals, learn the secret handshake, and the password. This new contingent wasn’t going to go all in for the traditions of a fraternal organization, but Captain Rainbow and others learned the origins of many of these rituals and began to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The secret handshake and all that stuff came about because they would go to Washington D.C. and lobby for farmers’ rights,” Rainbow said, “and they had to know who was a Granger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon enough, Captain Rainbow found himself appointed Grange Master, and he’s been involved ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, people know the Anderson Valley Grange Hall for its annual variety show and as a place to hold meetings, dances and quinceañeras, but it still has agricultural connections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality of this was on full display in early March. The parking lot was packed before the official start of the event at the hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local food groups rented out the Grange hall for a day of education and seed and scion exchanges.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Amid grafting workshops, people walked in carrying containers full of seeds and grocery bags with cuttings from trees — young shoots, called scions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one side of the Grange hall, tables were covered with scion wood. Barbara Goodell, one of the event’s organizers, pointed out many of the varieties she saw:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nuts, grapes, figs on this table. There’s apples, peaches, persimmons, plums, all kinds of things. Anything that you can graft, it’s here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grafting lets growers join two different plants together into one — like a hearty rootstock with a scion of a really delicious apple variety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not rocket science, necessarily,” Goodell said. “It’s putting two sticks together in the right way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other side of the hall was all about seeds, including seed libraries for each of Mendocino County’s library branches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kat Wu and Sab Mai came up from San Jose. They chatted with Jini Reynolds, a Grange advocate and leader, about how to save seeds from their small home garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030048\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-22-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community members gather for the Winter Abundance Gathering, a seed and scion exchange, at the Anderson Valley Grange in Philo, California, on March 1, 2025. Established in the late 1930s, the Grange has long been a community hub, hosting local events, farmers’ markets, and gatherings that honor the region’s agricultural heritage. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The important thing about saving seeds is to mark down what kind of climate you grew it in, the things that made you successful, like the soils or did you have a raised bed, so that other people in your community can then understand how they can grow,” Reynolds said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She encouraged Wu and Mai to look for resources in their own region, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m with the Grange, and we’re a national organization. So you have Granges down in your area, too. Maybe put together some kind of seed exchange so that you can all share information,” she told them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynolds is a member of another Grange in Mendocino County, about an hour away from the Anderson Valley hall. There are seven community Granges in Mendocino County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Reynolds moved to a one-acre farm in Mendocino County 50 years ago, she’d attend parties and PTA meetings at the local grange hall, but had no idea what “Grange” meant. As she learned more about the organization, she got more committed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting about 15 years ago, there was a lot of tension within California Granges. Rifts widened over values, leadership and property. Many groups in California broke away from the national Grange.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>During this time, Reynolds said, she studied Grange history and bylaws. She decided to help the organization grow and change it from within.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m now kind of like a cheerleader for the Grange,” Reynolds said. “Because I see that — even clear across the nation, not just California —all of us are looking at, ‘How do we live sustainably? How do we keep our community centers? Where do we get the support?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she’s president of what’s called the “Pomona” — the regional Grange serving Mendocino and Lake Counties, and she’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.castategrange.org/field-representatives\">helping state granges\u003c/a> rebuild their membership. She’s also on the diversity team of the national Grange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early days, the Grange helped farmers organize and fight railroad moguls. The needs for today’s rural communities are different. Many Granges are modernizing their halls to be emergency shelters. Reynolds pointed out that members can get discounts on propane and can attend practical workshops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Come on down and learn how to do CPR. Come on down and learn how to handle that ham radio. Come on down and learn this skill on how to put new gravel in your driveway,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendocino County Grangers even started a retirement facility that houses 170 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030050\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030050\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-29-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stuart (left) talks with Victoria Joy about seeds during the Winter Abundance Gathering, a seed and scion exchange, at the Anderson Valley Grange in Philo, California, on March 1, 2025. Established in the late 1930s, the Grange has long been a community hub, hosting local events, farmers’ markets, and gatherings that honor the region’s agricultural heritage. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In rural California, one concern comes up again and again: fire. One that stays with Reynolds is 2017’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.mendocinocounty.gov/Home/Components/News/News/6829/#:~:text=The%20fire%20began%20on%20October,the%20lives%20of%20nine%20individuals.\">Redwood Complex\u003c/a> fire. The disaster killed nine people. It destroyed 350 homes and 36,000 acres, and required thousands of people to evacuate. When roads opened back up, Reynolds said she was the one with the key to the Redwood Valley Grange, which was still standing. She let PG&E in to get the propane turned back on, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told my husband, ‘I can’t close the door to the Grange,’” she said, with emotion creeping into her voice. “All of my neighbors were going back to see if they had a house or not, or whether their farms were there anymore, whether they had anything left at all, and they were driving right past the Grange.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynolds said that she, her husband, and other volunteers made brownies and coffee, and put out a sandwich board, saying, “Come on in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And all of a sudden, people were bringing food down there,” she said. “Red Cross was outside, FEMA was in the room and they started answering people’s questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families were able to reconnect and find each other after the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is all because of a Grange hall. If we didn’t have the Grange hall, none of this would have happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, the Grange was at its peak in the 1950s, with over 850,000 members. That dropped a lot over the decades, as farmland was paved over for suburbs, and membership in civic organizations declined.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> But the last few years have seen membership grow incrementally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has 120 Granges, and in the last year alone, seven Granges opened — some brand new, some brought back to life or reorganized, since the state-wide rift. Reynolds said, revitalizing the Grange is her calling. She’s working to reestablish Granges in Fort Bragg and Upper Lake — communities in Mendocino and Lake Counties — in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she knows that the Grange needs to be truly inclusive to keep growing and represent all the people living in rural areas. As someone with Paiute ancestry, that’s dear to her heart. She pointed out that the National organization has changed language, like “Grange Master,” to “President.” A number of Granges — including in California — have a majority Latino population. And California’s state Grange is translating all documents into Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be a while, but we’re working on that. And as far as the indigenous people,” she said, getting emotional, “we’re working on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thinking about the future of the Anderson Valley Grange, Captain Rainbow gets a little nostalgic. “When my generation came in and became part of the Grange, the old-timers, they needed us. And now, I’m a geezer now!” He called his peer group new old-timers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030051\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030051\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250301-ANDERSONVALLEYGRANGE-35-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerzy Skupny (right) teaches a grafting workshop during the Winter Abundance Gathering, a seed and scion exchange, at the Anderson Valley Grange in Philo, California, on March 1, 2025. Established in the late 1930s, the Grange has long been a community hub, hosting local events, farmers’ markets, and gatherings that honor the region’s agricultural heritage. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though the Anderson Valley Grange Hall fills up for dances, pancake breakfasts and seed exchanges, the chapter hovers between 40 and 50 members, and many of them are from Rainbow’s generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need some fresh blood,” Rainbow said. Although, he said, “there’s still some folks who are coming and want to do small-time agricultural farming,” he worries there won’t be enough, or that they won’t have the same spirit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But who knows, things evolve. They change. And who am I to claim that I know what’s going to happen or what’s right,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why I came here was a sense of place,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully, he said, the Grange can remain “a focal point for this sense of place,” and continue to be a space that brings people together in the Anderson Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced with support from the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://thefern.org/\">\u003cem>Food and Environment Reporting Network\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. It’s part of Lisa’s series \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://californiafoodways.com/\">\u003cem>California Foodways\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Appeals Court Halts Order for Trump to Return California Guard to Newsom",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated at 9:15 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal appeals court blocked a judge’s ruling Thursday that President Donald Trump overstepped his authority when he seized control of California’s National Guard without telling Gov. Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump dispatched the troops to Los Angeles to respond to protests sparked by immigration raids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Thursday, U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer issued a decision that returned control of the National Guard troops to Newsom, but it did not change the status of the 700 U.S. Marines Trump also ordered to L.A. But the Ninth Circuit Court of appeals blocked that ruling a few hours later, and scheduled a hearing for Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer had ruled that Trump needed to cede control of the National Guard troops back to the governor by midday Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this early stage of the proceedings, the Court must determine whether the President followed the congressionally mandated procedure for his actions. He did not,” Breyer wrote. “His actions were illegal — both exceeding the scope of his statutory authority and violating the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. He must therefore return control of the California National Guard to the Governor of the State of California forthwith.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the appeals court intervened, Newsom applauded Breyer’s decision and told reporters Thursday’s ruling was a test of democracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision was important because it’s about constraints, it’s about limits, it’s about our democracy,” Newsom said, and added that the National Guard would be redeployed to “what they were doing before Donald Trump commandeered them” — border security, vegetation management and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Donald Trump better abide by these orders or we have a constitutional crisis,” the governor warned. “The likes of which we haven’t seen in our lifetime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12043766 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/GavinNewsom1AP-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial ruling followed an hour-long hearing during which Breyer pressed both sides, and focused mostly around whether Trump went through the proper process for calling up the National Guard. He forcefully pushed back at the federal government’s contention that the courts had no place to weigh in on the issue, noting that the U.S. was “founded in response to a monarch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The president is, of course, limited to his authority, and that’s the difference between a constitutional government and King George,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that a leader can simply say something and then it becomes it. It’s a question of a leader — a president or a governor — following the law as set forth in both the Constitution and statutes. That’s what a president, a governor, or any leader must act under. Otherwise they become something other than a constitutional officer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue is whether the president had the power to overrule Newsom and activate 2,000 National Guard troops this week — troops who are normally under the control of state governors. Such a move by a U.S. president hasn’t occurred since the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also objected in the suit to Trump and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth’s decision to deploy 700 U.S. Marines to the Southern California city, though in that case, the state acknowledges that the president has sole authority over the troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s attorneys asked the judge to order the National Guard troops back to their regular assignments, and for both the Marines and National Guard troops to be prohibited from patrolling streets or otherwise aiding in any law enforcement action other than protecting federal property and personnel. Specifically, the state wanted Breyer to bar the armed troops from directly participating in the “enforcement of civil laws,” something California contends they have been doing this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California filed suit on Monday, then asked for an immediate restraining order on Tuesday. Breyer instead asked the Trump administration to respond by Wednesday and scheduled the hearing for Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043426\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomRobBontaGetty.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043426\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomRobBontaGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomRobBontaGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomRobBontaGetty-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomRobBontaGetty-1536x1145.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom (right) speaks as Attorney General Rob Bonta looks on during a news conference on April 16, 2025, in Ceres, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In court Thursday, California Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Green contended that the “version of executive power to police civilian communities that the government is advancing is breathtaking in scope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are saying, Your Honor, that the president by fiat can federalize the National Guard and deploy it in the streets of a civilian city whenever he perceives that there is disobedience to an order,” Green said. “That is an expansive, dangerous conception of federal executive power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump invoked a rarely used legal provision on Saturday that allows a president to deploy federal service members if “there is a rebellion or danger of a rebellion against the authority of the Government of the United States.” In court filings, the government argued the state is asking the court to “stop the President of the United States from exercising his lawful statutory and constitutional power to ensure that federal personnel and facilities are protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its response, California accused the president of advancing “a breathtaking vision of unlimited, unreviewable executive power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the federal government has argued the troops are solely there to protect immigration agents as they pursue deportations, the commander overseeing U.S. military operations in Los Angeles said this week that the troops can detain people if federal personnel are assaulted — but cannot arrest them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer focused much of his questioning Thursday on whether Trump had followed proper legal procedures. He honed in on language in the \u003ca href=\"https://codes.findlaw.com/us/title-10-armed-forces/10-usc-sect-12406/\">statute\u003c/a> that says “orders for these purposes shall be issued through governors of the states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer said Trump’s administration didn’t tell Newsom directly, but instead Hegseth told the California National Guard’s adjutant general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to figure out how something is through somebody if in fact you didn’t give it to him,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assistant Attorney General Brett Shumate argued that the proper process was followed because the adjutant general “issues orders in the name of the governor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if that’s the case, Breyer mused, why would Congress even mention the governor in the statute?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why not just simply say to the commanding officer, the command officer of the guard should be notified. I mean, isn’t there a contemplation at least that there may be a discussion between the commander in chief of the force and the prospective commander in chief of the force as to the advisability of that force?” Breyer said, noting that both Trump and Newsom were duly elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer rejected California’s request to limit the actions of the U.S. Marines. The state wanted Breyer to prohibit the Marines from conducting law enforcement of civilians — but at the hearing, the judge noted that he has no evidence that is happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green responded that the governor’s office has information that the Marines are planning to relieve the National Guard on the ground in L.A. “in the next 24 hours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Breyer said it’s not his job as a judge to issue orders based on something that might happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sort of don’t think that’s my business,” he said.“It seems somewhat speculative, and it seems certainly a view of the future as distinct from what is presently being done today on this record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/gmarzorati\">\u003cem>Guy Marzorati\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated at 9:15 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal appeals court blocked a judge’s ruling Thursday that President Donald Trump overstepped his authority when he seized control of California’s National Guard without telling Gov. Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump dispatched the troops to Los Angeles to respond to protests sparked by immigration raids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Thursday, U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer issued a decision that returned control of the National Guard troops to Newsom, but it did not change the status of the 700 U.S. Marines Trump also ordered to L.A. But the Ninth Circuit Court of appeals blocked that ruling a few hours later, and scheduled a hearing for Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer had ruled that Trump needed to cede control of the National Guard troops back to the governor by midday Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this early stage of the proceedings, the Court must determine whether the President followed the congressionally mandated procedure for his actions. He did not,” Breyer wrote. “His actions were illegal — both exceeding the scope of his statutory authority and violating the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. He must therefore return control of the California National Guard to the Governor of the State of California forthwith.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the appeals court intervened, Newsom applauded Breyer’s decision and told reporters Thursday’s ruling was a test of democracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision was important because it’s about constraints, it’s about limits, it’s about our democracy,” Newsom said, and added that the National Guard would be redeployed to “what they were doing before Donald Trump commandeered them” — border security, vegetation management and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Donald Trump better abide by these orders or we have a constitutional crisis,” the governor warned. “The likes of which we haven’t seen in our lifetime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial ruling followed an hour-long hearing during which Breyer pressed both sides, and focused mostly around whether Trump went through the proper process for calling up the National Guard. He forcefully pushed back at the federal government’s contention that the courts had no place to weigh in on the issue, noting that the U.S. was “founded in response to a monarch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The president is, of course, limited to his authority, and that’s the difference between a constitutional government and King George,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that a leader can simply say something and then it becomes it. It’s a question of a leader — a president or a governor — following the law as set forth in both the Constitution and statutes. That’s what a president, a governor, or any leader must act under. Otherwise they become something other than a constitutional officer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue is whether the president had the power to overrule Newsom and activate 2,000 National Guard troops this week — troops who are normally under the control of state governors. Such a move by a U.S. president hasn’t occurred since the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also objected in the suit to Trump and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth’s decision to deploy 700 U.S. Marines to the Southern California city, though in that case, the state acknowledges that the president has sole authority over the troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s attorneys asked the judge to order the National Guard troops back to their regular assignments, and for both the Marines and National Guard troops to be prohibited from patrolling streets or otherwise aiding in any law enforcement action other than protecting federal property and personnel. Specifically, the state wanted Breyer to bar the armed troops from directly participating in the “enforcement of civil laws,” something California contends they have been doing this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California filed suit on Monday, then asked for an immediate restraining order on Tuesday. Breyer instead asked the Trump administration to respond by Wednesday and scheduled the hearing for Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043426\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomRobBontaGetty.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043426\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomRobBontaGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomRobBontaGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomRobBontaGetty-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomRobBontaGetty-1536x1145.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom (right) speaks as Attorney General Rob Bonta looks on during a news conference on April 16, 2025, in Ceres, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In court Thursday, California Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Green contended that the “version of executive power to police civilian communities that the government is advancing is breathtaking in scope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are saying, Your Honor, that the president by fiat can federalize the National Guard and deploy it in the streets of a civilian city whenever he perceives that there is disobedience to an order,” Green said. “That is an expansive, dangerous conception of federal executive power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump invoked a rarely used legal provision on Saturday that allows a president to deploy federal service members if “there is a rebellion or danger of a rebellion against the authority of the Government of the United States.” In court filings, the government argued the state is asking the court to “stop the President of the United States from exercising his lawful statutory and constitutional power to ensure that federal personnel and facilities are protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its response, California accused the president of advancing “a breathtaking vision of unlimited, unreviewable executive power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the federal government has argued the troops are solely there to protect immigration agents as they pursue deportations, the commander overseeing U.S. military operations in Los Angeles said this week that the troops can detain people if federal personnel are assaulted — but cannot arrest them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer focused much of his questioning Thursday on whether Trump had followed proper legal procedures. He honed in on language in the \u003ca href=\"https://codes.findlaw.com/us/title-10-armed-forces/10-usc-sect-12406/\">statute\u003c/a> that says “orders for these purposes shall be issued through governors of the states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer said Trump’s administration didn’t tell Newsom directly, but instead Hegseth told the California National Guard’s adjutant general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to figure out how something is through somebody if in fact you didn’t give it to him,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assistant Attorney General Brett Shumate argued that the proper process was followed because the adjutant general “issues orders in the name of the governor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if that’s the case, Breyer mused, why would Congress even mention the governor in the statute?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why not just simply say to the commanding officer, the command officer of the guard should be notified. I mean, isn’t there a contemplation at least that there may be a discussion between the commander in chief of the force and the prospective commander in chief of the force as to the advisability of that force?” Breyer said, noting that both Trump and Newsom were duly elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer rejected California’s request to limit the actions of the U.S. Marines. The state wanted Breyer to prohibit the Marines from conducting law enforcement of civilians — but at the hearing, the judge noted that he has no evidence that is happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green responded that the governor’s office has information that the Marines are planning to relieve the National Guard on the ground in L.A. “in the next 24 hours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Breyer said it’s not his job as a judge to issue orders based on something that might happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sort of don’t think that’s my business,” he said.“It seems somewhat speculative, and it seems certainly a view of the future as distinct from what is presently being done today on this record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/gmarzorati\">\u003cem>Guy Marzorati\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 2:10 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/alex-padilla\">Alex Padilla\u003c/a> was forced to the ground and handcuffed at a Los Angeles press conference Thursday, where Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem was speaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/BillMelugin_/status/1933222907398008912\">Footage from the scene\u003c/a> shows several federal agents pushing Padilla out of the room as he says, “I’m Senator Alex Padilla, I have questions for the secretary.” As they push him into an adjacent hallway, he can be heard saying, “Hands off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officials then push Padilla, who has his hands up at his sides, onto his knees, then fully onto the floor, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/jacobsoboroff/status/1933232550409089128\">where he is handcuffed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noem was talking about demonstrations against Immigration and Customs Enforcement operations in L.A. at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly before 12:30 p.m., Padilla exited the federal building in Los Angeles and spoke to reporters outside, where he said he had not been arrested or detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla said he was at the federal building to attend a briefing “as part of my responsibility as a senator to provide oversight and accountability” when he learned that Noem was holding a press conference in another room. He said he went to seek answers on the administration’s “increasingly extreme immigration actions,” because he had been unable to get a meeting with Department of Homeland Security officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043454\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/gettyimages-2219185144-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"National Guard troops stand outside the Metropolitan Detention Center on Sunday in Los Angeles. Tensions in the city remain high after the Trump administration called in the National Guard against the wishes of city leaders following two days of clashes with police during a series of immigration raids.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1708\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/gettyimages-2219185144-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/gettyimages-2219185144-2000x1334.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/gettyimages-2219185144-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/gettyimages-2219185144-1536x1025.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/gettyimages-2219185144-2048x1366.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">National Guard troops stand outside the Metropolitan Detention Center on Sunday in Los Angeles. Tensions in the city remain high after the Trump administration called in the National Guard against the wishes of city leaders following two days of clashes with police during a series of immigration raids. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When he began to ask a question, he said, he was “almost immediately forcibly removed from the room.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will say this,” Padilla said outside the federal building. “If this is how this administration responds to a senator with a question, if this is how the Department of Homeland Security responds to a senator with a question, you can only imagine what they’re doing to farmworkers, to cooks, to day laborers out in the Los Angeles community and throughout California and throughout the country. We will hold this administration accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla has long been an outspoken supporter of immigrants and migrant workers. The son of Mexican immigrants and the first Latino to represent California in the Senate, he began his political career in L.A. in the 1990s after protesting against Proposition 187, which excluded undocumented immigrants from a swath of public benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Madrid, a longtime political consultant, said in \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/madrid_mike/status/1933227968958247161\">a social media post\u003c/a> that he had known Padilla for 25 years, “and never seen anything like this. It’s so out of character for his measured personality — he’s a living example of how Latinos feel right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Gov. Gavin Newsom called the incident “outrageous, dictatorial and shameful,” adding that “Trump and his shock troops are out of control.”[aside postID=news_11984807 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-18-KQED.jpg']Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D–N.Y.) spoke about the video on the Senate floor, saying: “I just saw something that sickened my stomach: the manhandling of a United States senator. We need immediate answers to what the hell went on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass called the incident “absolutely abhorrent and outrageous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This administration’s violent attacks on our city must end,” she said in \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/MayorOfLA/status/1933227193771176262\">a social media post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement from Assistant Homeland Security Secretary Tricia McLaughlin accused Padilla of “disrespectful political theatre,” charging that he did not comply with requests to back away. Noem and her office accused Padilla of failing to identify himself, adding that the Secret Service “thought he was an attacker” after he “lunged toward Secretary Noem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video from the scene shows Padilla clearly identifying himself as authorities grapple with him and try to push him out of the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DHS statement said that the senator and Noem spoke for 15 minutes after the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The conversation was great and we’re going to continue to communicate,” Noem told reporters after walking out of the press conference. “We exchanged phone numbers and we’re going to continue to talk on ways we can communicate better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahead of the press conference, the department said the event was for Noem to “show her support for DHS, law enforcement, and U.S. military personnel who are working to restore law and order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has called on National Guard troops and Marines in recent days in response to protests of the administration’s immigration enforcement tactics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 2:10 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/alex-padilla\">Alex Padilla\u003c/a> was forced to the ground and handcuffed at a Los Angeles press conference Thursday, where Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem was speaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/BillMelugin_/status/1933222907398008912\">Footage from the scene\u003c/a> shows several federal agents pushing Padilla out of the room as he says, “I’m Senator Alex Padilla, I have questions for the secretary.” As they push him into an adjacent hallway, he can be heard saying, “Hands off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officials then push Padilla, who has his hands up at his sides, onto his knees, then fully onto the floor, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/jacobsoboroff/status/1933232550409089128\">where he is handcuffed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noem was talking about demonstrations against Immigration and Customs Enforcement operations in L.A. at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly before 12:30 p.m., Padilla exited the federal building in Los Angeles and spoke to reporters outside, where he said he had not been arrested or detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla said he was at the federal building to attend a briefing “as part of my responsibility as a senator to provide oversight and accountability” when he learned that Noem was holding a press conference in another room. He said he went to seek answers on the administration’s “increasingly extreme immigration actions,” because he had been unable to get a meeting with Department of Homeland Security officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043454\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/gettyimages-2219185144-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"National Guard troops stand outside the Metropolitan Detention Center on Sunday in Los Angeles. Tensions in the city remain high after the Trump administration called in the National Guard against the wishes of city leaders following two days of clashes with police during a series of immigration raids.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1708\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/gettyimages-2219185144-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/gettyimages-2219185144-2000x1334.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/gettyimages-2219185144-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/gettyimages-2219185144-1536x1025.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/gettyimages-2219185144-2048x1366.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">National Guard troops stand outside the Metropolitan Detention Center on Sunday in Los Angeles. Tensions in the city remain high after the Trump administration called in the National Guard against the wishes of city leaders following two days of clashes with police during a series of immigration raids. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When he began to ask a question, he said, he was “almost immediately forcibly removed from the room.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will say this,” Padilla said outside the federal building. “If this is how this administration responds to a senator with a question, if this is how the Department of Homeland Security responds to a senator with a question, you can only imagine what they’re doing to farmworkers, to cooks, to day laborers out in the Los Angeles community and throughout California and throughout the country. We will hold this administration accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla has long been an outspoken supporter of immigrants and migrant workers. The son of Mexican immigrants and the first Latino to represent California in the Senate, he began his political career in L.A. in the 1990s after protesting against Proposition 187, which excluded undocumented immigrants from a swath of public benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Madrid, a longtime political consultant, said in \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/madrid_mike/status/1933227968958247161\">a social media post\u003c/a> that he had known Padilla for 25 years, “and never seen anything like this. It’s so out of character for his measured personality — he’s a living example of how Latinos feel right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Gov. Gavin Newsom called the incident “outrageous, dictatorial and shameful,” adding that “Trump and his shock troops are out of control.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D–N.Y.) spoke about the video on the Senate floor, saying: “I just saw something that sickened my stomach: the manhandling of a United States senator. We need immediate answers to what the hell went on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass called the incident “absolutely abhorrent and outrageous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This administration’s violent attacks on our city must end,” she said in \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/MayorOfLA/status/1933227193771176262\">a social media post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement from Assistant Homeland Security Secretary Tricia McLaughlin accused Padilla of “disrespectful political theatre,” charging that he did not comply with requests to back away. Noem and her office accused Padilla of failing to identify himself, adding that the Secret Service “thought he was an attacker” after he “lunged toward Secretary Noem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video from the scene shows Padilla clearly identifying himself as authorities grapple with him and try to push him out of the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DHS statement said that the senator and Noem spoke for 15 minutes after the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The conversation was great and we’re going to continue to communicate,” Noem told reporters after walking out of the press conference. “We exchanged phone numbers and we’re going to continue to talk on ways we can communicate better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahead of the press conference, the department said the event was for Noem to “show her support for DHS, law enforcement, and U.S. military personnel who are working to restore law and order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has called on National Guard troops and Marines in recent days in response to protests of the administration’s immigration enforcement tactics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "rv-encampments-are-notoriously-hard-to-close-this-city-found-something-that-works",
"title": "Berkeley’s Strategy for RV Encampments Could Be a Model for California",
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"headTitle": "Berkeley’s Strategy for RV Encampments Could Be a Model for California | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>In January, three generations of the Hall family were living in a pair of RVs, tucked into an industrial corner of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/berkeley\">Berkeley\u003c/a>. Fannie Hall shared her blue and white 29-footer with her adult daughter and granddaughter, plus a pack of yapping Chihuahuas — Hall’s beloved Tutti, her daughter’s Blu, and nine puppies. Across the street, Hall’s son lived in a second camper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m letting him stay in the cottage — I call it the cottage,” Hall, 64, said with a laugh, motioning toward a red and white RV she likened to a vacation home. “We all got homeless about the same time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was roughly six years ago, after the house they rented in San Pablo was red-tagged for code violations. They were forced to move out with a week’s notice, Hall said, and eventually all ended up on Berkeley’s Second Street — a stretch of wrecked asphalt at the city’s western edge lined with barbed wire-ringed recycling and construction businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the corner, another family shared their own set of RVs. Patrick, 58, and his wife had moved into the area around the same time as the Halls, after Patrick’s wife had a heart attack, lost her job as an administrative assistant and the couple got evicted from their San Pablo home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t been able to afford anywhere around here,” said Patrick, who asked to be identified only by his first name because he doesn’t want his employers to know his living situation. “So this is kind of where we just landed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041257\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041257\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A stretch of Harrison Street in northwest Berkeley on May 20, 2025, is home to an unhoused population. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both families were working — Hall as a home health aide three days a week and Patrick as a security guard — and they tried to keep their areas tidy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by the time Elvia Guzman, 42, and her husband moved there in 2024, the area had become a well-established encampment with dozens of people living in motorhomes, broken down buses, cars and tents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Second Street was a place where there was a lot of RVs and a little community there,” she said, explaining authorities had broken up a similar site where the couple was living in Richmond. “They weren’t really bothering us over here, so it felt more comfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, the area grew increasingly chaotic. Hall watched in frustration as garbage piles swelled to mini mountains and fires broke out. The mess eventually became her problem, attracting pests — “I’ve had my camper chewed on and killed multiple rats up in my camper,” she said — and the authorities.[aside postID=news_12043568 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/240130-HomelessCount-46-BL_qed.jpg']In 2023, police were called to the area around 250 times, and there were 20 reported fires, according to \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-09-10%20Item%2037%20Encampment%20Policy%20Resolution.pdf\">city documents\u003c/a>. Neighbors complained to the city council that there were “human feces just about anywhere you dare to look,” “a stabbing,” and fights resulting in “retaliatory arson.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city provided porta potties, dumpsters, mobile showers and laundry facilities, and cleared nearly 40 tons of debris over the years. Still, by early 2024, officials deemed the area an imminent health hazard, citing used hypodermic needles, rotting food, a rat infestation and waste-contaminated storm drains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014227/progressive-berkeley-new-tough-stance-homeless-encampments\">even famously liberal Berkeley had had enough\u003c/a> and city leaders directed staff to focus on cleaning up the area. They started laying plans to close the encampment for good and, ideally, house its inhabitants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Radu, who oversees Berkeley’s Homeless Response Team, knew they would need to try something different. Past outreach efforts offering shelter to the residents had largely failed. A staff report noted engagement wasn’t successful because many of the RV dwellers did not consider themselves homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall explained it this way: With an apartment out of reach, her RV offered a degree of privacy, security and independence, not to mention a valuable asset that could be traded for cash. Accepting temporary shelter risked all that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041250\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041250\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Horizon Community Village at the Capri Motel on University Avenue in Berkeley on May 20, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They can’t guarantee you housing once you get in there,” she said, expressing concern that she might be forced to move out of the shelter before a permanent home opened up. Her family could land back on the streets and worse off if they gave up their campers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Radu and his colleagues decided to test a new strategy: cash for RVs. If the participants agreed to move indoors, they would get $175 per linear foot of RV, or about $6,000 for a 35-foot vehicle. They’d receive 15% of the payout when they moved into a motel shelter and the rest after they tried out the shelter and their RV was towed. If residents decided not to stick with the program during the trial period, they’d still pocket the initial payment and keep their vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach was modeled after a pilot in \u003ca href=\"https://www.marincounty.gov/news-releases/new-initiatives-approved-binford-road-encampment?language=es\">Marin County that was \u003c/a>itself inspired by a cash incentive meant to get \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/sausalito-homeless-encampment-17531723.php\">boat dwellers out of Richardson Bay\u003c/a>. It had a lot of promise, said UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative Director Margot Kushel, who has \u003ca href=\"https://homelessness.ucsf.edu/resources/long-road-home-housing-and-service-needs-people-who-inhabit-oversized-vehicles\">studied the needs of people living in large vehicles. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city designed this to really gain people’s trust and to make sure that people were not left worse off than they were when they started,” she said. \u003ca href=\"https://homelessness.ucsf.edu/resources/long-road-home-housing-and-service-needs-people-who-inhabit-oversized-vehicles\">She called Berkeley’s program \u003c/a>“quite innovative” and said it could prove valuable in the future as the state contends with RV homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041249\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teahana Roman, program manager, speaks with a resident at Horizon Community Village at the Capri Motel on University Avenue in Berkeley on May 20, 2025. The site, operated by Dorothy Day House, provides transitional housing and supportive services for unhoused individuals in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As cities work to clean up homeless encampments under increasing pressure from Gov. Gavin Newsom and housed residents, RV communities present a distinct — and notoriously difficult — challenge, especially with \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10511482.2022.2117990?src=#abstract\">more\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://usich.gov/sites/default/files/document/How_Communities_Are_Responding_to_Vehicular_Homelessness.pdf\">and more\u003c/a> Californians taking up residence in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over half of Alameda County’s unsheltered homeless population \u003ca href=\"https://homelessness.acgov.org/data_point_in_time.page?\">now lives in some kind of car or RV\u003c/a>, but strategies for managing and resolving this unique form of homelessness are lagging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, attempts to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11999643/unhoused-san-francisco-rv-families-forced-to-move-yet-again-with-nowhere-to-go\">clear RV encampments\u003c/a> have led to widespread public outcry, and after moving to ban overnight RV parking, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017544/sf-supes-reverse-citys-controversial-rv-parking-ban\">city reversed course\u003c/a> under pressure from advocates. Now, Mayor Daniel Lurie is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043568/san-francisco-mayor-proposes-to-ban-rvs-from-long-term-street-parking\">again proposing to ban the vehicles\u003c/a>, this time with a similar offer to Berkeley’s, as part of a broader plan to get motorhomes off the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kushel’s \u003ca href=\"https://homelessness.ucsf.edu/resources/long-road-home-housing-and-service-needs-people-who-inhabit-oversized-vehicles\">research\u003c/a> found that people living in RVs are reluctant to give them up for anything short of permanent housing — a dilemma when there’s little to offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley officials designed their strategy with that in mind, but residents still had reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041248\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041248\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An empty stretch of Second Street in northwest Berkeley on May 20, 2025, was once home to a large unhoused population. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It sounds good,” Patrick said, “but that’s what makes me a little leery — maybe it just sounds too good to be true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall was wary, too. What she didn’t know about the motel program gave her pause. “[You] don’t know if it’s going to be safe,” she said. “You’re going in with strangers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so did what she knew. “You can’t have anybody visiting you,” Hall said, “You can’t cook in the room.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Guzman, though RV living never felt truly safe, the possibility of ending up on the streets in a tent, even less protected from the elements, was even more terrifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get the program to work, city staff and nonprofit outreach workers spent roughly three months coaxing residents, explaining their offer, listening to concerns and making accommodations to the shelter policies where possible. A one-dog-per-person rule stretched to allow four dogs in one room; friends were allowed to bunk together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041252\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041252\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Resident Letty Guzman looks out of the window in her room at Horizon Community Village at the Capri Motel on University Avenue in Berkeley on May 20, 2025. The site, operated by Dorothy Day House, provides transitional housing and supportive services for unhoused individuals in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“All of that really matters,” Radu said. But ultimately, it was the city’s cash offer that overcame many of the residents’ reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman and her husband ended up accepting roughly $3,000 for their vehicle, which they promptly put into savings. That gives them some reassurance, she said, in case they get kicked out or the program ends. “We don’t have another RV to go to or a Plan B, so we gotta have something put aside for that, just in case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick and his wife also took the city up on its offer. For them, it solved a logistical problem: What to do with their motorhomes if they moved into a shelter? They have two cars and two RVs and stand to get about $4,900 for just one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The buy-back program kind of makes everything sort of doable because it gives me a little money in my pocket, and I don’t have to worry about my stuff getting towed because it’s not my stuff anymore,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Halls, on the other hand, opted out because, as Fannie Hall said, “I’d rather stay where I’m safe and I’m familiar with.” But they were among the exceptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041247\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An empty stretch of Second Street in northwest Berkeley on May 20, 2025, was once home to a large unhoused population. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A total of 36 people and 26 dogs moved from the encampment into a city-leased motel in central Berkeley beginning in January. Of the 32 vehicles workers encountered on Second Street during the closure process, just three remain on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By that metric, it was a resounding success and something that we’re looking to expand upon hopefully in other encampments,” Radu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kushel and her team are now evaluating the program’s success at Berkeley’s request — a highly unusual step. The city built the research plan into its application for $5.4 million in state \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcd.ca.gov/grants-and-funding/programs-active/encampment-resolution-funding-program\">Encampment Resolution Funding\u003c/a> last year.[aside postID=news_11999643 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/SFZooRVs-1020x683.jpg'] While California has put \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/5007\">$1 billion toward the grants\u003c/a> since 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982237/california-audit-questions-state-homelessness-spending-san-jose\">there’s little quality research on what works\u003c/a> when it comes to successfully closing encampments. Radu and Kushel want to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that we are leaning into this crisis with both a sense of urgency and also a sense of moving beyond rhetoric to actually explore what does work, what doesn’t work and to try to get as many win-wins as we possibly can,” Kushel said. “The story is just beginning, but I think we’ve already learned a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the research, Kushel will be looking closely at the holdouts, like Hall and her family, to understand why they refused to accept the city’s offer. The answer might influence how they design future programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Halls left Second Street in late April with help from the city of Berkeley to get their RVs running. Rats had gnawed through some wiring, Hall said, and the motorhomes needed new batteries, which the city sprang for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re now adjusting to life behind a Target on the Oakland-Emeryville border. “We’re all kind of watching out for each other like we did over on Second Street,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall is applying for housing and still works three days a week as a home health aide, she said. “I’m just trying to keep the faith and then hopefully something gives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041251\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Resident Letty Guzman holds a cat pillow in her room at Horizon Community Village at the Capri Motel on University Avenue in Berkeley on May 20, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About a mile away, Guzman sat inside the Capri Motel, a two-story terracotta-roofed building on a busy street in Berkeley. It was a weekday in May, and a group of formerly homeless residents were playing cornhole in the courtyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman said she’s working with program staff to replace her ID, birth certificate and other documents that were stolen when she lived in the RV so she can apply for apartments. Like most of the residents there, it’ll take her several months, even a year or more, to get into a permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re just hoping to end up with our housing like we’ve been wanting for so many years now and be stable,” she said. “I just want a boring, normal, regular life, that’s all. I’ll be happy with that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Second Street, there’s little trace of the encampment she and the Halls left behind. The heaps of garbage and barking dogs are gone. Dozens of new street signs line the road, threatening would-be lodgers with arrest. There’s not an RV in sight, just crumbling pavement, weeds and graffiti.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As Gov. Gavin Newsom ups pressure to clean encampments across California, Berkeley is finding success with a novel approach to helping move people off the streets. ",
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"title": "Berkeley’s Strategy for RV Encampments Could Be a Model for California | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In January, three generations of the Hall family were living in a pair of RVs, tucked into an industrial corner of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/berkeley\">Berkeley\u003c/a>. Fannie Hall shared her blue and white 29-footer with her adult daughter and granddaughter, plus a pack of yapping Chihuahuas — Hall’s beloved Tutti, her daughter’s Blu, and nine puppies. Across the street, Hall’s son lived in a second camper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m letting him stay in the cottage — I call it the cottage,” Hall, 64, said with a laugh, motioning toward a red and white RV she likened to a vacation home. “We all got homeless about the same time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was roughly six years ago, after the house they rented in San Pablo was red-tagged for code violations. They were forced to move out with a week’s notice, Hall said, and eventually all ended up on Berkeley’s Second Street — a stretch of wrecked asphalt at the city’s western edge lined with barbed wire-ringed recycling and construction businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the corner, another family shared their own set of RVs. Patrick, 58, and his wife had moved into the area around the same time as the Halls, after Patrick’s wife had a heart attack, lost her job as an administrative assistant and the couple got evicted from their San Pablo home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t been able to afford anywhere around here,” said Patrick, who asked to be identified only by his first name because he doesn’t want his employers to know his living situation. “So this is kind of where we just landed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041257\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041257\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-43-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A stretch of Harrison Street in northwest Berkeley on May 20, 2025, is home to an unhoused population. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both families were working — Hall as a home health aide three days a week and Patrick as a security guard — and they tried to keep their areas tidy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by the time Elvia Guzman, 42, and her husband moved there in 2024, the area had become a well-established encampment with dozens of people living in motorhomes, broken down buses, cars and tents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Second Street was a place where there was a lot of RVs and a little community there,” she said, explaining authorities had broken up a similar site where the couple was living in Richmond. “They weren’t really bothering us over here, so it felt more comfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, the area grew increasingly chaotic. Hall watched in frustration as garbage piles swelled to mini mountains and fires broke out. The mess eventually became her problem, attracting pests — “I’ve had my camper chewed on and killed multiple rats up in my camper,” she said — and the authorities.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In 2023, police were called to the area around 250 times, and there were 20 reported fires, according to \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-09-10%20Item%2037%20Encampment%20Policy%20Resolution.pdf\">city documents\u003c/a>. Neighbors complained to the city council that there were “human feces just about anywhere you dare to look,” “a stabbing,” and fights resulting in “retaliatory arson.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city provided porta potties, dumpsters, mobile showers and laundry facilities, and cleared nearly 40 tons of debris over the years. Still, by early 2024, officials deemed the area an imminent health hazard, citing used hypodermic needles, rotting food, a rat infestation and waste-contaminated storm drains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014227/progressive-berkeley-new-tough-stance-homeless-encampments\">even famously liberal Berkeley had had enough\u003c/a> and city leaders directed staff to focus on cleaning up the area. They started laying plans to close the encampment for good and, ideally, house its inhabitants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Radu, who oversees Berkeley’s Homeless Response Team, knew they would need to try something different. Past outreach efforts offering shelter to the residents had largely failed. A staff report noted engagement wasn’t successful because many of the RV dwellers did not consider themselves homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall explained it this way: With an apartment out of reach, her RV offered a degree of privacy, security and independence, not to mention a valuable asset that could be traded for cash. Accepting temporary shelter risked all that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041250\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041250\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-17-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Horizon Community Village at the Capri Motel on University Avenue in Berkeley on May 20, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They can’t guarantee you housing once you get in there,” she said, expressing concern that she might be forced to move out of the shelter before a permanent home opened up. Her family could land back on the streets and worse off if they gave up their campers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Radu and his colleagues decided to test a new strategy: cash for RVs. If the participants agreed to move indoors, they would get $175 per linear foot of RV, or about $6,000 for a 35-foot vehicle. They’d receive 15% of the payout when they moved into a motel shelter and the rest after they tried out the shelter and their RV was towed. If residents decided not to stick with the program during the trial period, they’d still pocket the initial payment and keep their vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach was modeled after a pilot in \u003ca href=\"https://www.marincounty.gov/news-releases/new-initiatives-approved-binford-road-encampment?language=es\">Marin County that was \u003c/a>itself inspired by a cash incentive meant to get \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/sausalito-homeless-encampment-17531723.php\">boat dwellers out of Richardson Bay\u003c/a>. It had a lot of promise, said UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative Director Margot Kushel, who has \u003ca href=\"https://homelessness.ucsf.edu/resources/long-road-home-housing-and-service-needs-people-who-inhabit-oversized-vehicles\">studied the needs of people living in large vehicles. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city designed this to really gain people’s trust and to make sure that people were not left worse off than they were when they started,” she said. \u003ca href=\"https://homelessness.ucsf.edu/resources/long-road-home-housing-and-service-needs-people-who-inhabit-oversized-vehicles\">She called Berkeley’s program \u003c/a>“quite innovative” and said it could prove valuable in the future as the state contends with RV homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041249\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-10-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teahana Roman, program manager, speaks with a resident at Horizon Community Village at the Capri Motel on University Avenue in Berkeley on May 20, 2025. The site, operated by Dorothy Day House, provides transitional housing and supportive services for unhoused individuals in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As cities work to clean up homeless encampments under increasing pressure from Gov. Gavin Newsom and housed residents, RV communities present a distinct — and notoriously difficult — challenge, especially with \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10511482.2022.2117990?src=#abstract\">more\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://usich.gov/sites/default/files/document/How_Communities_Are_Responding_to_Vehicular_Homelessness.pdf\">and more\u003c/a> Californians taking up residence in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over half of Alameda County’s unsheltered homeless population \u003ca href=\"https://homelessness.acgov.org/data_point_in_time.page?\">now lives in some kind of car or RV\u003c/a>, but strategies for managing and resolving this unique form of homelessness are lagging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, attempts to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11999643/unhoused-san-francisco-rv-families-forced-to-move-yet-again-with-nowhere-to-go\">clear RV encampments\u003c/a> have led to widespread public outcry, and after moving to ban overnight RV parking, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017544/sf-supes-reverse-citys-controversial-rv-parking-ban\">city reversed course\u003c/a> under pressure from advocates. Now, Mayor Daniel Lurie is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043568/san-francisco-mayor-proposes-to-ban-rvs-from-long-term-street-parking\">again proposing to ban the vehicles\u003c/a>, this time with a similar offer to Berkeley’s, as part of a broader plan to get motorhomes off the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kushel’s \u003ca href=\"https://homelessness.ucsf.edu/resources/long-road-home-housing-and-service-needs-people-who-inhabit-oversized-vehicles\">research\u003c/a> found that people living in RVs are reluctant to give them up for anything short of permanent housing — a dilemma when there’s little to offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley officials designed their strategy with that in mind, but residents still had reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041248\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041248\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-05-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An empty stretch of Second Street in northwest Berkeley on May 20, 2025, was once home to a large unhoused population. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It sounds good,” Patrick said, “but that’s what makes me a little leery — maybe it just sounds too good to be true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall was wary, too. What she didn’t know about the motel program gave her pause. “[You] don’t know if it’s going to be safe,” she said. “You’re going in with strangers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so did what she knew. “You can’t have anybody visiting you,” Hall said, “You can’t cook in the room.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Guzman, though RV living never felt truly safe, the possibility of ending up on the streets in a tent, even less protected from the elements, was even more terrifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get the program to work, city staff and nonprofit outreach workers spent roughly three months coaxing residents, explaining their offer, listening to concerns and making accommodations to the shelter policies where possible. A one-dog-per-person rule stretched to allow four dogs in one room; friends were allowed to bunk together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041252\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041252\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-20-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Resident Letty Guzman looks out of the window in her room at Horizon Community Village at the Capri Motel on University Avenue in Berkeley on May 20, 2025. The site, operated by Dorothy Day House, provides transitional housing and supportive services for unhoused individuals in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“All of that really matters,” Radu said. But ultimately, it was the city’s cash offer that overcame many of the residents’ reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman and her husband ended up accepting roughly $3,000 for their vehicle, which they promptly put into savings. That gives them some reassurance, she said, in case they get kicked out or the program ends. “We don’t have another RV to go to or a Plan B, so we gotta have something put aside for that, just in case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick and his wife also took the city up on its offer. For them, it solved a logistical problem: What to do with their motorhomes if they moved into a shelter? They have two cars and two RVs and stand to get about $4,900 for just one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The buy-back program kind of makes everything sort of doable because it gives me a little money in my pocket, and I don’t have to worry about my stuff getting towed because it’s not my stuff anymore,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Halls, on the other hand, opted out because, as Fannie Hall said, “I’d rather stay where I’m safe and I’m familiar with.” But they were among the exceptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041247\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-03-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An empty stretch of Second Street in northwest Berkeley on May 20, 2025, was once home to a large unhoused population. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A total of 36 people and 26 dogs moved from the encampment into a city-leased motel in central Berkeley beginning in January. Of the 32 vehicles workers encountered on Second Street during the closure process, just three remain on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By that metric, it was a resounding success and something that we’re looking to expand upon hopefully in other encampments,” Radu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kushel and her team are now evaluating the program’s success at Berkeley’s request — a highly unusual step. The city built the research plan into its application for $5.4 million in state \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcd.ca.gov/grants-and-funding/programs-active/encampment-resolution-funding-program\">Encampment Resolution Funding\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> While California has put \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/5007\">$1 billion toward the grants\u003c/a> since 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982237/california-audit-questions-state-homelessness-spending-san-jose\">there’s little quality research on what works\u003c/a> when it comes to successfully closing encampments. Radu and Kushel want to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that we are leaning into this crisis with both a sense of urgency and also a sense of moving beyond rhetoric to actually explore what does work, what doesn’t work and to try to get as many win-wins as we possibly can,” Kushel said. “The story is just beginning, but I think we’ve already learned a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the research, Kushel will be looking closely at the holdouts, like Hall and her family, to understand why they refused to accept the city’s offer. The answer might influence how they design future programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Halls left Second Street in late April with help from the city of Berkeley to get their RVs running. Rats had gnawed through some wiring, Hall said, and the motorhomes needed new batteries, which the city sprang for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re now adjusting to life behind a Target on the Oakland-Emeryville border. “We’re all kind of watching out for each other like we did over on Second Street,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall is applying for housing and still works three days a week as a home health aide, she said. “I’m just trying to keep the faith and then hopefully something gives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041251\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250520-BERKELEYRVBUYBACK-19-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Resident Letty Guzman holds a cat pillow in her room at Horizon Community Village at the Capri Motel on University Avenue in Berkeley on May 20, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About a mile away, Guzman sat inside the Capri Motel, a two-story terracotta-roofed building on a busy street in Berkeley. It was a weekday in May, and a group of formerly homeless residents were playing cornhole in the courtyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman said she’s working with program staff to replace her ID, birth certificate and other documents that were stolen when she lived in the RV so she can apply for apartments. Like most of the residents there, it’ll take her several months, even a year or more, to get into a permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re just hoping to end up with our housing like we’ve been wanting for so many years now and be stable,” she said. “I just want a boring, normal, regular life, that’s all. I’ll be happy with that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Second Street, there’s little trace of the encampment she and the Halls left behind. The heaps of garbage and barking dogs are gone. Dozens of new street signs line the road, threatening would-be lodgers with arrest. There’s not an RV in sight, just crumbling pavement, weeds and graffiti.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "As ICE Fears Grow, San José Approves $1.5 Million to Support Immigrants",
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"headTitle": "As ICE Fears Grow, San José Approves $1.5 Million to Support Immigrants | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>As increasing arrests by federal immigration authorities continue, stoking fears in immigrant communities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-jose\">San José\u003c/a> is allocating at least $1 million to support undocumented residents in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the city’s budget beginning on July 1, city council members on Tuesday approved dipping into reserves to shore up legal defense services, real-time community support during immigration raids and financial relief for families in crisis after arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council also agreed to consider approving an additional $500,000 toward those services later this year, if funds are available during mid-year budget reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Peter Ortiz, who championed the increased funding, said this is the largest investment ever by San José to protect immigrants, motivated in part by what he described as the terror being inflicted on city residents by the Trump administration and Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE.[aside postID=news_12042751 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Child-CBP-Agents.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We already know our immigrant community is scared. They’re not going to school, they’re not going to work, people are scared to go to their local corner store because they are getting picked up. ICE is following people once they leave their house, as soon as they get out of their car, they get picked up,” Ortiz said Tuesday evening, after the approval vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That kind of gave the motivation to the council to follow through with what I believe is San José values, a community that welcomes immigrants and stands up when they’re under attack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money from the city can be used for a variety of purposes, including legal defense funds to help people “who are stuck in the deportation machine,” Ortiz said. It will also help build up the Rapid Response Network, which works to alert communities when ICE is present, observe immigration enforcement actions and inform people of their rights when they are being detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the money could go to families who need help making ends meet after the breadwinner of their household is arrested, Ortiz said, and for long-term immigrant advocacy work to make sure communities are prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action reflects an increasingly visible commitment to build resilience and preparedness in immigrant communities in the South Bay and to match or outpace the efforts of federal agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043199\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043199\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250606-SJICEPROTEST-JG-1-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250606-SJICEPROTEST-JG-1-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250606-SJICEPROTEST-JG-1-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250606-SJICEPROTEST-JG-1-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Uriel Magdaleno, an organizer with the Silicon Valley Immigration Committee, chants into a megaphone during a protest outside an ICE office in South San José on June 6, 2025. \u003ccite>(Joseph Geha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the past week, protests and rallies opposing the actions of ICE have taken place in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043139/san-jose-immigrant-advocates-protest-sweeping-ice-arrests\">San José\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043653/hundreds-rally-in-oakland-to-protest-ice-raids-support-immigrant-communities\">Oakland\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043596/protesters-swarm-sf-immigration-court-after-more-ice-arrests\">San Francisco\u003c/a>, opposing ICE arrests made at U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services offices, ICE offices and immigration courts in those communities and across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of the recent escalations of immigration authorities played a role in pushing council members to approve a bigger spend, Ortiz said there were months of advocacy efforts and organizing by a coalition of South Bay groups, including Amigos de Guadalupe, Siren and the Rapid Response Network of Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s draft budget initially included about $250,000 for immigrant support, and in a recent memo by Mayor Matt Mahan, who previously attended community meetings to hear from families directly affected by immigration enforcements, he recommended it be doubled to $500,000.[aside postID=news_12043139 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250606-SJICEPROTEST-JG-2-KQED.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San José’s greatest strength is our diverse community and the immensely talented people who\u003cbr>\ncontinue to be drawn to our valley from across the world,” Mahan wrote. “Given recent rhetoric and policy action at the federal level, we have an obligation to help our immigrant community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maritza Maldonado, the executive director of Amigos de Guadalupe, said her organization is focused on ensuring residents and families feel empowered “to speak truth to power” about their experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our community will protect itself once they’re empowered to do so and see wins like what we just saw with the $1 million,” she said. “We’re in it for the long game, and it doesn’t happen overnight. It’s smart organizing, it’s strategic and it’s bringing our leaders along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the city’s efforts will be a boon and complement the $5 million in additional immigrant support funding Santa Clara County pledged in December, following the election. But more support from other government agencies, individuals and philanthropic groups will be needed to sustain the efforts, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These dollars are more critical than ever,” Maldonado said. “Our work is about our neighbors and all of us as a community rising up together as one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/gmarzorati\">Guy Marzorati\u003c/a> contributed to this report\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Peter Ortiz, who championed the increased funding, said this is the largest investment ever by San José to protect immigrants, motivated in part by what he described as the terror being inflicted on city residents by the Trump administration and Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We already know our immigrant community is scared. They’re not going to school, they’re not going to work, people are scared to go to their local corner store because they are getting picked up. ICE is following people once they leave their house, as soon as they get out of their car, they get picked up,” Ortiz said Tuesday evening, after the approval vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That kind of gave the motivation to the council to follow through with what I believe is San José values, a community that welcomes immigrants and stands up when they’re under attack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money from the city can be used for a variety of purposes, including legal defense funds to help people “who are stuck in the deportation machine,” Ortiz said. It will also help build up the Rapid Response Network, which works to alert communities when ICE is present, observe immigration enforcement actions and inform people of their rights when they are being detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the money could go to families who need help making ends meet after the breadwinner of their household is arrested, Ortiz said, and for long-term immigrant advocacy work to make sure communities are prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action reflects an increasingly visible commitment to build resilience and preparedness in immigrant communities in the South Bay and to match or outpace the efforts of federal agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043199\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043199\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250606-SJICEPROTEST-JG-1-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250606-SJICEPROTEST-JG-1-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250606-SJICEPROTEST-JG-1-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250606-SJICEPROTEST-JG-1-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Uriel Magdaleno, an organizer with the Silicon Valley Immigration Committee, chants into a megaphone during a protest outside an ICE office in South San José on June 6, 2025. \u003ccite>(Joseph Geha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the past week, protests and rallies opposing the actions of ICE have taken place in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043139/san-jose-immigrant-advocates-protest-sweeping-ice-arrests\">San José\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043653/hundreds-rally-in-oakland-to-protest-ice-raids-support-immigrant-communities\">Oakland\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043596/protesters-swarm-sf-immigration-court-after-more-ice-arrests\">San Francisco\u003c/a>, opposing ICE arrests made at U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services offices, ICE offices and immigration courts in those communities and across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of the recent escalations of immigration authorities played a role in pushing council members to approve a bigger spend, Ortiz said there were months of advocacy efforts and organizing by a coalition of South Bay groups, including Amigos de Guadalupe, Siren and the Rapid Response Network of Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s draft budget initially included about $250,000 for immigrant support, and in a recent memo by Mayor Matt Mahan, who previously attended community meetings to hear from families directly affected by immigration enforcements, he recommended it be doubled to $500,000.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San José’s greatest strength is our diverse community and the immensely talented people who\u003cbr>\ncontinue to be drawn to our valley from across the world,” Mahan wrote. “Given recent rhetoric and policy action at the federal level, we have an obligation to help our immigrant community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maritza Maldonado, the executive director of Amigos de Guadalupe, said her organization is focused on ensuring residents and families feel empowered “to speak truth to power” about their experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our community will protect itself once they’re empowered to do so and see wins like what we just saw with the $1 million,” she said. “We’re in it for the long game, and it doesn’t happen overnight. It’s smart organizing, it’s strategic and it’s bringing our leaders along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the city’s efforts will be a boon and complement the $5 million in additional immigrant support funding Santa Clara County pledged in December, following the election. But more support from other government agencies, individuals and philanthropic groups will be needed to sustain the efforts, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These dollars are more critical than ever,” Maldonado said. “Our work is about our neighbors and all of us as a community rising up together as one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/gmarzorati\">Guy Marzorati\u003c/a> contributed to this report\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "protesters-rights-first-amendment-ice-protests-san-francisco-los-angeles-california-arrests",
"title": "What Are My Legal Rights When Protesting — and What Could I Be Arrested For?",
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"headTitle": "What Are My Legal Rights When Protesting — and What Could I Be Arrested For? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>As protests continue in Los Angeles against increased immigration enforcement by President Donald Trump’s administration,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043653/hundreds-rally-in-oakland-to-protest-ice-raids-support-immigrant-communities\"> rallies are spreading in response across the Bay Area\u003c/a> — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kut.org/politics/2025-06-11/texas-national-guard-anti-ice-trump-protests-no-kings-austin-tx-capitol\">now the country\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has been attempting to crack down on the demonstrations by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043314/california-to-sue-trump-for-sending-national-guard-troops-into-la-after-ice-protests\">deploying the National Guard\u003c/a> — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/marines-prepare-los-angeles-deployment-protests-spread-across-us-2025-06-12/\">promising to deploy Marines\u003c/a> — to southern California. In San Francisco, police officials said they’d arrested over 150 people — including six children — during \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043255/sf-protesters-denounce-ice-raids-and-trumps-national-guard-deployment-to-la\">protests in the city’s downtown this past weekend\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043499\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043499\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-16-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-16-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-16-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-16-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emilia Rivera and other protestors march in the Mission District in San Francisco in opposition to the Trump Administration’s immigration policy and enforcement on June 9, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has always been a hotbed of activism. In the past two years, pro-Palestinian protests have also had a strong presence in the region, with marches on streets, bridges and campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lawful protests are, by design, meant to be visible and inconvenient,” ACLU Northern California’s legal director Shilpi Agarwal told KQED last year when District Attorney Brooke Jenkins announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment\">possible felony charges against the protesters\u003c/a> who shut down the Golden Gate Bridge in support of Palestinians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lawful protests often create roadblocks or shut down streets or create traffic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “as the arrests and violence increase, people become fearful of what might happen to them even if they protest peacefully,” Margaret Russell, assistant law professor at Santa Clara University School, told KQED by email in 2024 following discussions with her students about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984845/pro-palestinian-protests-on-california-college-campuses-what-are-students-demanding\">campus demonstrations in protest at Israel’s siege on Gaza\u003c/a> — and university \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005478/university-of-california-is-accused-of-trying-to-silence-faculty-speech-about-war-in-gaza\">leaders’ response to them.\u003c/a> “Will they get caught up in an altercation and be arrested? Their determination to speak up is ‘chilled’ or silenced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you choose to join a protest — about any issue you feel strongly about — what \u003cem>are\u003c/em> your legal rights in California? How much does the First Amendment protect protesters, and what can protesters be arrested for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for what to know about protesting and the law, or jump straight to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#what-is-first-amendment-protesting\">How much does the First Amendment protect me when protesting?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#can-i-be-arrested-at-protest\">What could I be arrested for at a protest?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#police-ask-for-id-or-disperse\">What happens if a police officer asks me to move or demands my I.D.?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#what-is-civil-disobedience\">When does lawful protest become ‘civil disobedience’?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And remember: If you’re unable to join a rally or protest in person for whatever reason but want to make your stance on any issue known, you always have the option to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">contact your elected officials to express your opinions\u003c/a>. For more information on what “call your reps” actually means, how to do it, and what to expect as a result, read our explainer: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">How Can I Call My Representative? A Step-by-Step Guide to the Process\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Remind me: What is the First Amendment?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects five basic rights: freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, peaceful assembly and petitioning the government. (The \u003ca href=\"https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-1/#:~:text=Congress%20shall%20make%20no%20law,for%20a%20redress%20of%20grievances.\">text in full\u003c/a> reads: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”)[aside postID='news_11821950,news_11871364,news_11955465,news_11967439' label='More Guides to Your Rights']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also has its own expansive free speech provisions under \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/constitution/california/article-i/section-2/#:~:text=SEC.,liberty%20of%20speech%20or%20press.\">Article 1, Section 2\u003c/a> of the state’s constitution that protect and reaffirm many of these rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment also gives you the right to film police who are actively performing their duties, and bystander videos can provide important counternarratives to official accounts. Read our \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871364/recording-the-police-what-to-know-and-how-to-stay-safe-doing-it\">guide to filming encounters with the police safely and ethically\u003c/a> and where to share your footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These rights are all really powerful, and they protect our democracy,” said Chessie Thacher, senior attorney with ACLU NorCal’s Democracy and Civic Engagement Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"what-is-first-amendment-protesting\">\u003c/a>What \u003cem>doesn’t\u003c/em> the First Amendment cover during a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>First Amendment rights are “not unlimited, and they depend on various factors,” stressed Thacher, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>When\u003c/em> you’re speaking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in public spaces, the government can impose what is known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment\">“time, place and manner restrictions” that dictate certain parameters to try to ensure safety.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An example, Thacher said, is that the city can prevent people from using a loud bullhorn at 2 a.m. in a city square because people may be sleeping. But they can’t stop a person from using the same bullhorn at lunch hour the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12007722\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12007722\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian demonstrators march through the Stanford University campus in Stanford, Calif., on April 25, 2024, calling for the university to divest from Israel. The rally took place during Stanford’s Admit Weekend, a time for incoming students to tour the university. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Where\u003c/em> you’re speaking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have a lot of protections in public spaces, like a park or a sidewalk. But if you are speaking at a private location — like someone’s backyard — “you don’t have many speech protections,” Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gray area: If you are speaking in a place that is “sort of public, like a school campus or a library,” then your rights to free speech “are somewhere in the middle,” she cautioned. “But even then, the government can’t punish you because they don’t like you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Who \u003c/em>is speaking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are speaking as a private citizen on your personal time about something of public concern, your speech is protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Thacher noted, that speech is “a lot less protected” if, for example, you work for the government — since someone may think you are speaking \u003cem>for \u003c/em>the government, and “the government has the right to decide its speech for itself,” she said. This can also happen when a teacher or a police officer is a speaker, and people may assume they are speaking on behalf of their workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What are some things people misunderstand about the First Amendment and protesting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some misconceptions about the First Amendment, said Thacher, include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It does not mean freedom from consequences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the First Amendment prohibits the government from punishing you for your speech, “it doesn’t protect you from actions that a private employer might take because of your speech,” Thacher said. “It doesn’t protect you from receiving feedback from people about what you’re saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It does not protect the \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://freeexpression.usc.edu/activism/hecklers-veto/\">\u003cstrong>“heckler’s veto”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the First Amendment, within some boundaries, you don’t have the right to shut down another person’s right to speak. For example, this could include yelling louder than another speaker so that other people cannot hear them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It does not protect against \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://pressbooks.pub/civillibertiescasesandmaterials/chapter/fighting-words-and-hate-speech/#:~:text=True%20threats%20involve%20speech%20that,a%20speaker%20against%20another%20individual.\">\u003cstrong>true threats\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, incitement, fighting words or harassment.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment also does not protect against \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.georgetown.edu/icap/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2020/12/Law-enforcement-First-Amendment-Guidance.pdf\">“violent or unlawful conduct, even if the person engaging in it intends to express an idea.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043434\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043434\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SEIUPROTESTS-17-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SEIUPROTESTS-17-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SEIUPROTESTS-17-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SEIUPROTESTS-17-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators rally outside the California State Building in San Francisco on June 9, 2025, calling for the release of SEIU California President David Huerta. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>When you’re protesting, where are your rights strongest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment, Thacher said, dates back to a time when locations like marketplaces were considered to be “the centerpiece of a community” — “so public spaces like town squares, sidewalks and other highly visible, publicly-owned property that are open to the public are where you have the most rights to free speech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only thing people’s rights can be subjected to in public spaces is the reasonable “time, place and manner restrictions” mentioned above. Those restrictions also must be “content-neutral,” meaning it cannot be specific to your speech, Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, she added that it is a “totally different equation” if you are at someone’s house — since you are there at the invitation of the property owner, not the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Places where the public is invited at certain times, such as a public library or a public school cafeteria, are in-between spaces sometimes called a “limited public forum,” and “any restrictions of speech there must be viewpoint-neutral and reasonable in light of the forum’s purpose,” Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Can I legally attend a protest if I’m not a U.S. citizen?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This is a question that’s only become more pressing against the backdrop of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025647/what-to-do-if-you-encounter-ice\">high profile activity by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents\u003c/a> in recent months, spurred by President Trump’s promises to conduct mass deportations in his second term. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043255/sf-protesters-denounce-ice-raids-and-trumps-national-guard-deployment-to-la\">June’s protests in Los Angeles \u003c/a>came as \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ICEgov/status/1931472857554645294\">ICE announced the arrest of over 100 immigrants in the city over the previous week. \u003c/a>In the same period in San Francisco, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12042887/ice-arrests-15-people-in-san-francisco-including-a-child\">at least 15 people \u003c/a>were arrested following appearances at ICE check-ins, including a 3-year-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>technical\u003c/em> answer is: yes, you can attend a protest as a non-citizen. “As a general rule, people who are not citizens have the same First Amendment rights as citizens,” said attorney Carl Takei, the community safety program director at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.asianlawcaucus.org/get-help\">Asian Law Caucus\u003c/a>: a civil rights organization based in San Francisco that offers services to low-income, immigrant, and underserved Asian Americans and Pacific Islander communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment of the United States Constitution is meant to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984807/know-your-rights-california-protesters-legal-standing-under-the-first-amendment\">protect your five basic rights\u003c/a>, and whether you have a green card or no permanent legal status you are still protected by the Constitution. This includes your right to be part of a peaceful assembly, like a march or rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12028351/what-happens-if-the-president-disobeys-the-courts-a-constitutional-crisis-experts-say\">judges have argued that many of the Trump administration’s plans and actions right now flatly go against the Constitution\u003c/a>. And legal scholars and immigration advocates have warned that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12042492/what-is-due-process-habeas-corpus-definition-courts-push-back-trump-moves-limit-this-right\">the president is testing his ability to challenge due process in the area of immigration particularly.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043288\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043288\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GettyImages-2219258354-scaled-e1749490657607.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1304\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Highway Patrol (CHP) cars, some damaged, are lined up along the 101 freeway after officers cleared protesters from the area on June 8, 2025, in Los Angeles, California. Tensions in the city remain high after the Trump administration called in the National Guard against the wishes of city leaders following two days of clashes with police during a series of immigration raids. More protests are scheduled for today. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But what if you’re a non-citizen who’s determined to attend a protest right now? \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014436/undocumented-what-to-know-before-a-second-trump-term\">Undocumented people and green card holders have always faced additional risks\u003c/a> at a protest that citizens don’t, warned Takei — especially when law enforcement gets involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A green card holder is required under federal law to carry evidence of their permanent resident status,” he explained. He adds that carrying a fake green card or identification and presenting that to law enforcement could make the situation a lot more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re stopped by the police, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/protesters-rights#:~:text=If%20you%20are%20under%20arrest,are%20not%20allowed%20to%20listen.\">you have the same rights as anyone else\u003c/a>,” Takei said. “You don’t need to consent to a search, answer questions or sign anything.” Even if the situation seems intimidating, Takei explains,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025647/what-to-do-if-you-encounter-ice\"> you have the right to remain silent and not share personal information with law enforcement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re asked a question about your immigration status and debating whether to share false information or remain silent, “it’s better to remain silent,” said Takei.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, if you’re set on protesting as a non-citizen, the most important thing you can do to protect yourself is to make a safety plan for yourself before going to a protest, he recommended. “Write out the contact information for resources, including an attorney or legal organization, and make sure that you’ve talked with friends or family about what to do if you are arrested or if anything goes wrong,” he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What does the law say about free speech on campuses?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Legal experts have interpreted the First Amendment to mean that \u003ca href=\"https://stanfordmag.org/contents/what-the-law-says-about-campus-free-speech\">\u003cem>public \u003c/em>institutions are restricted from punishing speech\u003c/a>. However, California also has \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=94367.\">Leonard’s Law\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://freeexpression.usc.edu/about-freedom-of-expression-at-usc/leonard-law/\">“prohibits private universities from making or enforcing a rule that subjects an enrolled student to disciplinary sanctions solely on the basis of speech protected by the First Amendment,” \u003c/a>according to the University of Southern California’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Mogulof, assistant vice chancellor of public affairs at UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905545/whats-next-for-pro-palestinian-campus-protests\">told KQED Forum in 2024 \u003c/a>that the University of California had changed its policy on responding to “non-violent political protests” after \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydemocrat.com/2021/11/18/10-years-later-uc-davis-implements-change-following-pepper-spraying-incident/\">the 2012 Occupy Wall Street movement in which an officer pepper-sprayed a group of UC Davis protesters\u003c/a>. (UC Davis\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/politics/joegarofoli/article/UC-Davis-pepper-spray-officer-awarded-38-000-4920773.php\"> settled a federal lawsuit\u003c/a> with the students, paying around $1 million to the affected protesters.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That policy requires us not to call in law enforcement preemptively, and only when there’s a clear, imminent threat to the campus, to life, safety and to the safety of the campus community,” Mogulof said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is it legal to protest on the roads?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Bridges and highways are considered open public spaces — and public forums — but they \u003cem>are\u003c/em> subject to safety and traffic issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There can be civil disobedience. That could be a way of advocating for a cause, but it’s not protected First Amendment right to do that because the public and the government can have a compelling interest in making sure that those roadways and spaces are open and safe,” Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, she noted that in her opinion, “a lot of the times, the justification of public safety gets overused to punish protesters and speakers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"can-i-be-arrested-at-protest\">\u003c/a>What can I \u003cem>actually\u003c/em> be arrested for at a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“If you are looking to exercise your right to free speech lawfully and peacefully, you should not be arrested,” Thacher said. “But sometimes things happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People at protests may be arrested under suspicion of any crime, but here are some of the most common reasons:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Unlawful assembly\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Failure to disperse\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Disturbing the peace\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Resisting arrest\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Trespassing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Vandalism\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Property destruction\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Disruption to traffic and safety of vehicles\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>ACLU Northern California’s Agarwal said that while \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/our-work/know-your-rights\">charges for protests can be nuanced\u003c/a>, at a basic level, if you are engaged in a protest and encounter police officers who then determine for “some reason” you have violated the “parameters” of the protest, there are usually three charging options available to officers:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>An infraction: typically a ticket where you show your ID, get a citation and may have to appear in court, with no jail time. Usually, an infraction is just a fine to pay.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A misdemeanor: An offense that can be punishable by up to one year in jail, but people “rarely serve” jail time for low-level offenses, Agarwal said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A felony: A more serious criminal charge that usually brings jail time, which can be more than one year in prison.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043481\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043481\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-06-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-06-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-06-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-06-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Xan Joi and other protestors rally in the Mission District in San Francisco in opposition to the Trump Administration’s immigration policy and enforcement on June 9, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>If I’m arrested at a protest, what happens next?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What happens to a person after they’re arrested depends on the case, Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person could be given a citation to appear at a later court date or be given a ticket for an infraction. They may need to sign the ticket, saying there is no need to take them into custody because they promised to appear in court. But a person could also be taken into custody at the police department and booked into jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are detained and the police say you’re not free to leave, you still don’t have to give a statement or submit or answer any questions,” said Rachel Lederman, an attorney with Partnership for Civil Justice Fund and with the Center for Protest Law and Litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If police are seeking to question you when you’re under arrest when you’re taken into the jail, you will have to answer some basic booking questions,” Lederman told KQED in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11955465/dolores-hill-bomb-legal-rights-spectator-onlooker\">2023 after San Francisco police arrested over a hundred people — most of whom were minors — at an annual “hill bomb” event\u003c/a>. “But you don’t have to answer questions about the incident that has led to your arrest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said people may not want to give statements or interviews until they consult an attorney (also known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.justia.com/criminal/procedure/miranda-rights/right-to-silence/#:~:text=The%20Fifth%20Amendment%20states%20that,or%20shortly%20after%20an%20arrest.\">invoking your right to remain silent\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"police-ask-for-id-or-disperse\">\u003c/a>Can a police officer ask for my ID during a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Yes, although in California, if you are not being arrested you do not need to show your ID or give your name to a police officer when asked for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, “sometimes it’s a judgment call about whether that might arouse suspicion,” Lederman said. \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/immigrants-rights#:~:text=You%20have%20the%20right%20to,against%20you%20in%20immigration%20court.\">Officers in California can’t also ask about your immigration status\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, “non-drivers cannot be lawfully arrested solely for refusing to provide identification to a police officer,” Thacher said. But nonetheless, she warned, “we do know of instances where police officers make the arrest anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short: Be aware of the possible risks if you choose not to show identification to a police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984654\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984654\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Martinez, also known as the protest cheerleader, shouts at the May Day rally during International Worker’s Day in the Mission on Wednesday, May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>What should I do if a police officer asks me to move during a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It depends, Thacher said. If this happens, she said that some things to bear in mind are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why is the officer asking you to leave, and how are they asking you to leave?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do protesters have the ability to comply with the order, and can you do it reasonably without being put at risk of getting hurt?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Are they asking you to move but you don’t have time to move because it is such a packed crowd?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“The officers have the right to ask you to move in certain circumstances, like for public safety … [or] if there’s traffic violations starting to happen,” she said. But “the police can’t ask you to leave and then immediately turn around and arrest you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Penal Code states that \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/codes/california/code-pen/part-1/title-11/section-409/#:~:text=Previous%20Next-,409.,is%20guilty%20of%20a%20misdemeanor.\">“[e]very person remaining present at the place of any riot, rout, or unlawful assembly, after the same has been lawfully warned to disperse … is guilty of a misdemeanor”\u003c/a> and that also \u003ca href=\"https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/penal-code/pen-sect-148/?DCMP=google:ppc:TRLNA:21219027752:697523562873:161386574133&HBX_PK=&sid=9061275&source=google~ppc&tsid=latlppc&gad_source=5&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI9oapzZDrhQMVfM7CBB2dhAdrEAAYASAAEgLSGvD_BwE\">anyone who “willfully resists, delays, or obstructs” an officer in the line of duty can be punished\u003c/a> by a fine and/or imprisonment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something else to bear in mind: One particularly controversial police tactic during protests is “kettling,” in which law enforcement blocks off exit routes to confine protesters within a closed-off space. When kettled, you can’t leave on your own or comply with an order to disperse — unless police reopen an exit. \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2020/6/6/21282509/george-floyd-protests-kettling-new-york-nypd\">Officers have been known to charge at or arrest protesters in these situations,\u003c/a> including during Black Lives Matter demonstrations in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What should you do if you think a police officer violated your rights at a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871364/recording-the-police-what-to-know-and-how-to-stay-safe-doing-it\">You should take notes and record details\u003c/a> about encounters with police officers, advised Thacher — especially if you think your rights may have been violated, such as an officer calling people to disperse in a tightly packed crowd or kettle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some things to make note of include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The time and date\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The location\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The officer’s badge numbers and names\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Patrol car numbers\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How often it was said \u003cem>where \u003c/em>you were directed to go.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“All of that stuff can be important when you’re trying to go back and understand what happened to you,” said Thacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone thinks their rights have been violated, they can take their notes and footage to a legal expert to understand the situation more. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12013522/free-legal-aid-in-the-bay-area-how-it-works-where-to-find-it\">See our list of where to find free or low-cost legal aid in the Bay Area.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell, the Santa Clara University School assistant professor, said that if you are a student on a public or private college campus, file a grievance with the school’s relevant office and provide specific details of what happened. Russell said people should also contact their \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/our-work/get-help\">local ACLU’s advice line\u003c/a> to provide details. If you can afford private legal counsel, groups like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlg.org/\">National Lawyers Guild\u003c/a> can specifically assist protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about what your goal is as a protester, and protect yourself accordingly,” said Russell, adding that reputable groups to learn about your rights include \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/our-work/get-help\">your local ACLU chapter\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/about-us/contact/\">Amnesty International\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://naacp.org/contact\">the NAACP.\u003c/a> “Educate yourself about civil disobedience and protest rights,” she urged.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"what-is-civil-disobedience\">\u003c/a>When does lawful protest become ‘civil disobedience’?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Civil disobedience is “the refusal to comply with lawful orders as a form of protest,” Thacher said. For example, when an officer calls for dispersal and people do not move, that is when it goes from protected speech to an act of civil disobedience. It is also \u003ca href=\"https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civil-disobedience/\">non-violent\u003c/a> by its nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most well-known examples of civil disobedience is the 1950s demonstrations by Martin Luther King Jr. during the civil rights movement, which frequently \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/02/26/history-tying-up-traffic-civil-rights-00011825\">involved blocking roads and highways\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11975873\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11975873\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters block traffic on the Golden Gate Bridge on Feb. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Juan Carlos Lara/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People can choose to practice civil disobedience as a peaceful form of political protest,” Thacher said. “They can mix that with other activities that are protected by the First Amendment, such as lawful assemblies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seth Morrison from the Bay Area chapter of Jewish Voice for Peace told \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">KQED in 2023\u003c/a> that he would advise would-be protesters contemplating civil disobedience to “consider it carefully and think about the pros and cons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if you and a good group of people are deeply committed to an issue — if you’ve done your research and if you have tried through normal channels and not gotten a response — civil disobedience is something you should think about,” said Morrison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thacher said that while the First Amendment \u003cem>may \u003c/em>not protect activities like blocking a bridge as the goal of the protest, this kind of action could be an effective act of civil disobedience nonetheless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times protests and civil disobedience can be put under the same umbrella of ‘civil unrest,’ and then everyone thinks it’s all the same thing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But protest and exercising your right to demonstrate and peacefully assemble is protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story originally published on May 3, 2024. KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amadrigal\">Alexis Madrigal\u003c/a> and Carly Severn contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As protests continue in Los Angeles against increased immigration enforcement by President Donald Trump’s administration,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043653/hundreds-rally-in-oakland-to-protest-ice-raids-support-immigrant-communities\"> rallies are spreading in response across the Bay Area\u003c/a> — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kut.org/politics/2025-06-11/texas-national-guard-anti-ice-trump-protests-no-kings-austin-tx-capitol\">now the country\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has been attempting to crack down on the demonstrations by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043314/california-to-sue-trump-for-sending-national-guard-troops-into-la-after-ice-protests\">deploying the National Guard\u003c/a> — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/marines-prepare-los-angeles-deployment-protests-spread-across-us-2025-06-12/\">promising to deploy Marines\u003c/a> — to southern California. In San Francisco, police officials said they’d arrested over 150 people — including six children — during \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043255/sf-protesters-denounce-ice-raids-and-trumps-national-guard-deployment-to-la\">protests in the city’s downtown this past weekend\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043499\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043499\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-16-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-16-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-16-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-16-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emilia Rivera and other protestors march in the Mission District in San Francisco in opposition to the Trump Administration’s immigration policy and enforcement on June 9, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has always been a hotbed of activism. In the past two years, pro-Palestinian protests have also had a strong presence in the region, with marches on streets, bridges and campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lawful protests are, by design, meant to be visible and inconvenient,” ACLU Northern California’s legal director Shilpi Agarwal told KQED last year when District Attorney Brooke Jenkins announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment\">possible felony charges against the protesters\u003c/a> who shut down the Golden Gate Bridge in support of Palestinians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lawful protests often create roadblocks or shut down streets or create traffic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “as the arrests and violence increase, people become fearful of what might happen to them even if they protest peacefully,” Margaret Russell, assistant law professor at Santa Clara University School, told KQED by email in 2024 following discussions with her students about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984845/pro-palestinian-protests-on-california-college-campuses-what-are-students-demanding\">campus demonstrations in protest at Israel’s siege on Gaza\u003c/a> — and university \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005478/university-of-california-is-accused-of-trying-to-silence-faculty-speech-about-war-in-gaza\">leaders’ response to them.\u003c/a> “Will they get caught up in an altercation and be arrested? Their determination to speak up is ‘chilled’ or silenced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you choose to join a protest — about any issue you feel strongly about — what \u003cem>are\u003c/em> your legal rights in California? How much does the First Amendment protect protesters, and what can protesters be arrested for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for what to know about protesting and the law, or jump straight to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#what-is-first-amendment-protesting\">How much does the First Amendment protect me when protesting?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#can-i-be-arrested-at-protest\">What could I be arrested for at a protest?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#police-ask-for-id-or-disperse\">What happens if a police officer asks me to move or demands my I.D.?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#what-is-civil-disobedience\">When does lawful protest become ‘civil disobedience’?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And remember: If you’re unable to join a rally or protest in person for whatever reason but want to make your stance on any issue known, you always have the option to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">contact your elected officials to express your opinions\u003c/a>. For more information on what “call your reps” actually means, how to do it, and what to expect as a result, read our explainer: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">How Can I Call My Representative? A Step-by-Step Guide to the Process\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Remind me: What is the First Amendment?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects five basic rights: freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, peaceful assembly and petitioning the government. (The \u003ca href=\"https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-1/#:~:text=Congress%20shall%20make%20no%20law,for%20a%20redress%20of%20grievances.\">text in full\u003c/a> reads: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”)\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also has its own expansive free speech provisions under \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/constitution/california/article-i/section-2/#:~:text=SEC.,liberty%20of%20speech%20or%20press.\">Article 1, Section 2\u003c/a> of the state’s constitution that protect and reaffirm many of these rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment also gives you the right to film police who are actively performing their duties, and bystander videos can provide important counternarratives to official accounts. Read our \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871364/recording-the-police-what-to-know-and-how-to-stay-safe-doing-it\">guide to filming encounters with the police safely and ethically\u003c/a> and where to share your footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These rights are all really powerful, and they protect our democracy,” said Chessie Thacher, senior attorney with ACLU NorCal’s Democracy and Civic Engagement Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"what-is-first-amendment-protesting\">\u003c/a>What \u003cem>doesn’t\u003c/em> the First Amendment cover during a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>First Amendment rights are “not unlimited, and they depend on various factors,” stressed Thacher, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>When\u003c/em> you’re speaking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in public spaces, the government can impose what is known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment\">“time, place and manner restrictions” that dictate certain parameters to try to ensure safety.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An example, Thacher said, is that the city can prevent people from using a loud bullhorn at 2 a.m. in a city square because people may be sleeping. But they can’t stop a person from using the same bullhorn at lunch hour the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12007722\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12007722\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian demonstrators march through the Stanford University campus in Stanford, Calif., on April 25, 2024, calling for the university to divest from Israel. The rally took place during Stanford’s Admit Weekend, a time for incoming students to tour the university. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Where\u003c/em> you’re speaking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have a lot of protections in public spaces, like a park or a sidewalk. But if you are speaking at a private location — like someone’s backyard — “you don’t have many speech protections,” Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gray area: If you are speaking in a place that is “sort of public, like a school campus or a library,” then your rights to free speech “are somewhere in the middle,” she cautioned. “But even then, the government can’t punish you because they don’t like you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Who \u003c/em>is speaking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are speaking as a private citizen on your personal time about something of public concern, your speech is protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Thacher noted, that speech is “a lot less protected” if, for example, you work for the government — since someone may think you are speaking \u003cem>for \u003c/em>the government, and “the government has the right to decide its speech for itself,” she said. This can also happen when a teacher or a police officer is a speaker, and people may assume they are speaking on behalf of their workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What are some things people misunderstand about the First Amendment and protesting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some misconceptions about the First Amendment, said Thacher, include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It does not mean freedom from consequences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the First Amendment prohibits the government from punishing you for your speech, “it doesn’t protect you from actions that a private employer might take because of your speech,” Thacher said. “It doesn’t protect you from receiving feedback from people about what you’re saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It does not protect the \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://freeexpression.usc.edu/activism/hecklers-veto/\">\u003cstrong>“heckler’s veto”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the First Amendment, within some boundaries, you don’t have the right to shut down another person’s right to speak. For example, this could include yelling louder than another speaker so that other people cannot hear them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It does not protect against \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://pressbooks.pub/civillibertiescasesandmaterials/chapter/fighting-words-and-hate-speech/#:~:text=True%20threats%20involve%20speech%20that,a%20speaker%20against%20another%20individual.\">\u003cstrong>true threats\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, incitement, fighting words or harassment.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment also does not protect against \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.georgetown.edu/icap/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2020/12/Law-enforcement-First-Amendment-Guidance.pdf\">“violent or unlawful conduct, even if the person engaging in it intends to express an idea.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043434\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043434\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SEIUPROTESTS-17-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SEIUPROTESTS-17-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SEIUPROTESTS-17-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SEIUPROTESTS-17-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators rally outside the California State Building in San Francisco on June 9, 2025, calling for the release of SEIU California President David Huerta. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>When you’re protesting, where are your rights strongest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment, Thacher said, dates back to a time when locations like marketplaces were considered to be “the centerpiece of a community” — “so public spaces like town squares, sidewalks and other highly visible, publicly-owned property that are open to the public are where you have the most rights to free speech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only thing people’s rights can be subjected to in public spaces is the reasonable “time, place and manner restrictions” mentioned above. Those restrictions also must be “content-neutral,” meaning it cannot be specific to your speech, Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, she added that it is a “totally different equation” if you are at someone’s house — since you are there at the invitation of the property owner, not the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Places where the public is invited at certain times, such as a public library or a public school cafeteria, are in-between spaces sometimes called a “limited public forum,” and “any restrictions of speech there must be viewpoint-neutral and reasonable in light of the forum’s purpose,” Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Can I legally attend a protest if I’m not a U.S. citizen?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This is a question that’s only become more pressing against the backdrop of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025647/what-to-do-if-you-encounter-ice\">high profile activity by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents\u003c/a> in recent months, spurred by President Trump’s promises to conduct mass deportations in his second term. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043255/sf-protesters-denounce-ice-raids-and-trumps-national-guard-deployment-to-la\">June’s protests in Los Angeles \u003c/a>came as \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ICEgov/status/1931472857554645294\">ICE announced the arrest of over 100 immigrants in the city over the previous week. \u003c/a>In the same period in San Francisco, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12042887/ice-arrests-15-people-in-san-francisco-including-a-child\">at least 15 people \u003c/a>were arrested following appearances at ICE check-ins, including a 3-year-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>technical\u003c/em> answer is: yes, you can attend a protest as a non-citizen. “As a general rule, people who are not citizens have the same First Amendment rights as citizens,” said attorney Carl Takei, the community safety program director at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.asianlawcaucus.org/get-help\">Asian Law Caucus\u003c/a>: a civil rights organization based in San Francisco that offers services to low-income, immigrant, and underserved Asian Americans and Pacific Islander communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment of the United States Constitution is meant to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984807/know-your-rights-california-protesters-legal-standing-under-the-first-amendment\">protect your five basic rights\u003c/a>, and whether you have a green card or no permanent legal status you are still protected by the Constitution. This includes your right to be part of a peaceful assembly, like a march or rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12028351/what-happens-if-the-president-disobeys-the-courts-a-constitutional-crisis-experts-say\">judges have argued that many of the Trump administration’s plans and actions right now flatly go against the Constitution\u003c/a>. And legal scholars and immigration advocates have warned that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12042492/what-is-due-process-habeas-corpus-definition-courts-push-back-trump-moves-limit-this-right\">the president is testing his ability to challenge due process in the area of immigration particularly.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043288\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043288\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GettyImages-2219258354-scaled-e1749490657607.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1304\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Highway Patrol (CHP) cars, some damaged, are lined up along the 101 freeway after officers cleared protesters from the area on June 8, 2025, in Los Angeles, California. Tensions in the city remain high after the Trump administration called in the National Guard against the wishes of city leaders following two days of clashes with police during a series of immigration raids. More protests are scheduled for today. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But what if you’re a non-citizen who’s determined to attend a protest right now? \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014436/undocumented-what-to-know-before-a-second-trump-term\">Undocumented people and green card holders have always faced additional risks\u003c/a> at a protest that citizens don’t, warned Takei — especially when law enforcement gets involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A green card holder is required under federal law to carry evidence of their permanent resident status,” he explained. He adds that carrying a fake green card or identification and presenting that to law enforcement could make the situation a lot more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re stopped by the police, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/protesters-rights#:~:text=If%20you%20are%20under%20arrest,are%20not%20allowed%20to%20listen.\">you have the same rights as anyone else\u003c/a>,” Takei said. “You don’t need to consent to a search, answer questions or sign anything.” Even if the situation seems intimidating, Takei explains,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025647/what-to-do-if-you-encounter-ice\"> you have the right to remain silent and not share personal information with law enforcement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re asked a question about your immigration status and debating whether to share false information or remain silent, “it’s better to remain silent,” said Takei.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, if you’re set on protesting as a non-citizen, the most important thing you can do to protect yourself is to make a safety plan for yourself before going to a protest, he recommended. “Write out the contact information for resources, including an attorney or legal organization, and make sure that you’ve talked with friends or family about what to do if you are arrested or if anything goes wrong,” he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What does the law say about free speech on campuses?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Legal experts have interpreted the First Amendment to mean that \u003ca href=\"https://stanfordmag.org/contents/what-the-law-says-about-campus-free-speech\">\u003cem>public \u003c/em>institutions are restricted from punishing speech\u003c/a>. However, California also has \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=94367.\">Leonard’s Law\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://freeexpression.usc.edu/about-freedom-of-expression-at-usc/leonard-law/\">“prohibits private universities from making or enforcing a rule that subjects an enrolled student to disciplinary sanctions solely on the basis of speech protected by the First Amendment,” \u003c/a>according to the University of Southern California’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Mogulof, assistant vice chancellor of public affairs at UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905545/whats-next-for-pro-palestinian-campus-protests\">told KQED Forum in 2024 \u003c/a>that the University of California had changed its policy on responding to “non-violent political protests” after \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydemocrat.com/2021/11/18/10-years-later-uc-davis-implements-change-following-pepper-spraying-incident/\">the 2012 Occupy Wall Street movement in which an officer pepper-sprayed a group of UC Davis protesters\u003c/a>. (UC Davis\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/politics/joegarofoli/article/UC-Davis-pepper-spray-officer-awarded-38-000-4920773.php\"> settled a federal lawsuit\u003c/a> with the students, paying around $1 million to the affected protesters.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That policy requires us not to call in law enforcement preemptively, and only when there’s a clear, imminent threat to the campus, to life, safety and to the safety of the campus community,” Mogulof said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is it legal to protest on the roads?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Bridges and highways are considered open public spaces — and public forums — but they \u003cem>are\u003c/em> subject to safety and traffic issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There can be civil disobedience. That could be a way of advocating for a cause, but it’s not protected First Amendment right to do that because the public and the government can have a compelling interest in making sure that those roadways and spaces are open and safe,” Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, she noted that in her opinion, “a lot of the times, the justification of public safety gets overused to punish protesters and speakers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"can-i-be-arrested-at-protest\">\u003c/a>What can I \u003cem>actually\u003c/em> be arrested for at a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“If you are looking to exercise your right to free speech lawfully and peacefully, you should not be arrested,” Thacher said. “But sometimes things happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People at protests may be arrested under suspicion of any crime, but here are some of the most common reasons:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Unlawful assembly\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Failure to disperse\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Disturbing the peace\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Resisting arrest\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Trespassing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Vandalism\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Property destruction\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Disruption to traffic and safety of vehicles\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>ACLU Northern California’s Agarwal said that while \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/our-work/know-your-rights\">charges for protests can be nuanced\u003c/a>, at a basic level, if you are engaged in a protest and encounter police officers who then determine for “some reason” you have violated the “parameters” of the protest, there are usually three charging options available to officers:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>An infraction: typically a ticket where you show your ID, get a citation and may have to appear in court, with no jail time. Usually, an infraction is just a fine to pay.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A misdemeanor: An offense that can be punishable by up to one year in jail, but people “rarely serve” jail time for low-level offenses, Agarwal said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A felony: A more serious criminal charge that usually brings jail time, which can be more than one year in prison.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043481\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043481\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-06-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-06-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-06-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-06-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Xan Joi and other protestors rally in the Mission District in San Francisco in opposition to the Trump Administration’s immigration policy and enforcement on June 9, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>If I’m arrested at a protest, what happens next?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What happens to a person after they’re arrested depends on the case, Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person could be given a citation to appear at a later court date or be given a ticket for an infraction. They may need to sign the ticket, saying there is no need to take them into custody because they promised to appear in court. But a person could also be taken into custody at the police department and booked into jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are detained and the police say you’re not free to leave, you still don’t have to give a statement or submit or answer any questions,” said Rachel Lederman, an attorney with Partnership for Civil Justice Fund and with the Center for Protest Law and Litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If police are seeking to question you when you’re under arrest when you’re taken into the jail, you will have to answer some basic booking questions,” Lederman told KQED in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11955465/dolores-hill-bomb-legal-rights-spectator-onlooker\">2023 after San Francisco police arrested over a hundred people — most of whom were minors — at an annual “hill bomb” event\u003c/a>. “But you don’t have to answer questions about the incident that has led to your arrest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said people may not want to give statements or interviews until they consult an attorney (also known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.justia.com/criminal/procedure/miranda-rights/right-to-silence/#:~:text=The%20Fifth%20Amendment%20states%20that,or%20shortly%20after%20an%20arrest.\">invoking your right to remain silent\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"police-ask-for-id-or-disperse\">\u003c/a>Can a police officer ask for my ID during a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Yes, although in California, if you are not being arrested you do not need to show your ID or give your name to a police officer when asked for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, “sometimes it’s a judgment call about whether that might arouse suspicion,” Lederman said. \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/immigrants-rights#:~:text=You%20have%20the%20right%20to,against%20you%20in%20immigration%20court.\">Officers in California can’t also ask about your immigration status\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, “non-drivers cannot be lawfully arrested solely for refusing to provide identification to a police officer,” Thacher said. But nonetheless, she warned, “we do know of instances where police officers make the arrest anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short: Be aware of the possible risks if you choose not to show identification to a police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984654\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984654\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240501_MAYDAYRALLY-25-GC-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Martinez, also known as the protest cheerleader, shouts at the May Day rally during International Worker’s Day in the Mission on Wednesday, May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>What should I do if a police officer asks me to move during a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It depends, Thacher said. If this happens, she said that some things to bear in mind are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why is the officer asking you to leave, and how are they asking you to leave?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do protesters have the ability to comply with the order, and can you do it reasonably without being put at risk of getting hurt?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Are they asking you to move but you don’t have time to move because it is such a packed crowd?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“The officers have the right to ask you to move in certain circumstances, like for public safety … [or] if there’s traffic violations starting to happen,” she said. But “the police can’t ask you to leave and then immediately turn around and arrest you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Penal Code states that \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/codes/california/code-pen/part-1/title-11/section-409/#:~:text=Previous%20Next-,409.,is%20guilty%20of%20a%20misdemeanor.\">“[e]very person remaining present at the place of any riot, rout, or unlawful assembly, after the same has been lawfully warned to disperse … is guilty of a misdemeanor”\u003c/a> and that also \u003ca href=\"https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/penal-code/pen-sect-148/?DCMP=google:ppc:TRLNA:21219027752:697523562873:161386574133&HBX_PK=&sid=9061275&source=google~ppc&tsid=latlppc&gad_source=5&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI9oapzZDrhQMVfM7CBB2dhAdrEAAYASAAEgLSGvD_BwE\">anyone who “willfully resists, delays, or obstructs” an officer in the line of duty can be punished\u003c/a> by a fine and/or imprisonment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something else to bear in mind: One particularly controversial police tactic during protests is “kettling,” in which law enforcement blocks off exit routes to confine protesters within a closed-off space. When kettled, you can’t leave on your own or comply with an order to disperse — unless police reopen an exit. \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2020/6/6/21282509/george-floyd-protests-kettling-new-york-nypd\">Officers have been known to charge at or arrest protesters in these situations,\u003c/a> including during Black Lives Matter demonstrations in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What should you do if you think a police officer violated your rights at a protest?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871364/recording-the-police-what-to-know-and-how-to-stay-safe-doing-it\">You should take notes and record details\u003c/a> about encounters with police officers, advised Thacher — especially if you think your rights may have been violated, such as an officer calling people to disperse in a tightly packed crowd or kettle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some things to make note of include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The time and date\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The location\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The officer’s badge numbers and names\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Patrol car numbers\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How often it was said \u003cem>where \u003c/em>you were directed to go.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“All of that stuff can be important when you’re trying to go back and understand what happened to you,” said Thacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone thinks their rights have been violated, they can take their notes and footage to a legal expert to understand the situation more. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12013522/free-legal-aid-in-the-bay-area-how-it-works-where-to-find-it\">See our list of where to find free or low-cost legal aid in the Bay Area.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell, the Santa Clara University School assistant professor, said that if you are a student on a public or private college campus, file a grievance with the school’s relevant office and provide specific details of what happened. Russell said people should also contact their \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/our-work/get-help\">local ACLU’s advice line\u003c/a> to provide details. If you can afford private legal counsel, groups like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlg.org/\">National Lawyers Guild\u003c/a> can specifically assist protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about what your goal is as a protester, and protect yourself accordingly,” said Russell, adding that reputable groups to learn about your rights include \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/our-work/get-help\">your local ACLU chapter\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/about-us/contact/\">Amnesty International\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://naacp.org/contact\">the NAACP.\u003c/a> “Educate yourself about civil disobedience and protest rights,” she urged.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"what-is-civil-disobedience\">\u003c/a>When does lawful protest become ‘civil disobedience’?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Civil disobedience is “the refusal to comply with lawful orders as a form of protest,” Thacher said. For example, when an officer calls for dispersal and people do not move, that is when it goes from protected speech to an act of civil disobedience. It is also \u003ca href=\"https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civil-disobedience/\">non-violent\u003c/a> by its nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most well-known examples of civil disobedience is the 1950s demonstrations by Martin Luther King Jr. during the civil rights movement, which frequently \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/02/26/history-tying-up-traffic-civil-rights-00011825\">involved blocking roads and highways\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11975873\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11975873\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240214-GOLDEN-GATE-BRIDGE-PROTEST-JCL-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters block traffic on the Golden Gate Bridge on Feb. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Juan Carlos Lara/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People can choose to practice civil disobedience as a peaceful form of political protest,” Thacher said. “They can mix that with other activities that are protected by the First Amendment, such as lawful assemblies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seth Morrison from the Bay Area chapter of Jewish Voice for Peace told \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">KQED in 2023\u003c/a> that he would advise would-be protesters contemplating civil disobedience to “consider it carefully and think about the pros and cons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if you and a good group of people are deeply committed to an issue — if you’ve done your research and if you have tried through normal channels and not gotten a response — civil disobedience is something you should think about,” said Morrison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thacher said that while the First Amendment \u003cem>may \u003c/em>not protect activities like blocking a bridge as the goal of the protest, this kind of action could be an effective act of civil disobedience nonetheless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times protests and civil disobedience can be put under the same umbrella of ‘civil unrest,’ and then everyone thinks it’s all the same thing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But protest and exercising your right to demonstrate and peacefully assemble is protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story originally published on May 3, 2024. KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amadrigal\">Alexis Madrigal\u003c/a> and Carly Severn contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "where-to-go-fruit-picking-in-the-bay-area-this-summer",
"title": "Where to Go Fruit Picking in the Bay Area This Summer",
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"headTitle": "Where to Go Fruit Picking in the Bay Area This Summer | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Few \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13976542/bay-area-fun-summer-events-concerts-festivals-movies-2025\">summer activities\u003c/a> feel as wholesome — and satisfying — as picking your own fruit straight from the tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the wider Bay Area, “u-pick” farms offer a chance to connect with California’s agricultural roots, support local growers and head home with a basketful of strawberries, cherries, peaches and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#where-to-go-fruit-picking-bay-area\">The Bay Area farms where you can pick your own cherries, berries and stone fruit\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Eating fresh-picked fruits can offer nutritional benefits — and extra tastiness. Dr. Zubaida Qamar, associate professor of nutrition at San Francisco State University and lead of the campus farm, said produce picked at peak ripeness tends to have higher nutrient content and better flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The flavor is going to be much more enhanced if we are buying seasonally and locally — and you’re also supporting your local farmers,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exploring farms and buying produce at the local farmers’ markets is a great way to build food literacy and community connection, Qamar said. Programs like\u003ca href=\"https://marketmatch.org/\"> Market Match\u003c/a>, which doubles CalFresh (SNAP) benefits at participating farmers’ markets, also help make fresh fruit more accessible to low-income families. \u003ca href=\"https://www.localharvest.org/csa/\">Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)\u003c/a> boxes and home gardening offer additional local options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043765\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GettyImages-2070053979-scaled-e1749663302650.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043765\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GettyImages-2070053979-scaled-e1749663302650.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1330\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Strawberry cutout on pick up along the California coast at Highway 1 near Half Moon Bay, California on March 23, 2010. \u003ccite>(Thomas Winz for Getty)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We are very privileged to have access to different farms around us. And access to farmers markets, which run pretty much all year round,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Planning ahead: Tips before you go fruit picking\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fruit picking seasons are short and can vary depending on the weather. Always check the farm’s website or social media before heading out — many update their availability daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some farms charge by the pound, while others charge by the bucket. Some require reservations and others allow walk-ins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bring sun protection, water, and cash just in case cards are not accepted. If you’re planning to be out at the farm for the whole day, consider bringing an icebox or a container to store your fruits, which will help keep them fresher for even longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>U-pick\u003ca id=\"where-to-go-fruit-picking-bay-area\">\u003c/a> farms to visit in the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where to pick cherries (May–June)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cherry-time.com/\">Cherry Time\u003c/a>: 1875 Walnut Blvd., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/5starcherries/\">5 Star Cherries\u003c/a>: 24782 Marsh Creek Road, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gsfarms.net/\">G&S Farms\u003c/a>: 2490 Sellers Ave., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Seko-Ranch-113607681999698\">Seko Ranch\u003c/a>: 487 Eureka Ave., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Mikes.U.Pick/\">Mike’s U-Pick\u003c/a>: 611 Payne Ave., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nunnbetterfarms.com/?fbclid=PAZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAadll-4ETZLVDtmGbO-OTgwIvj0l38dvUac_IKKP0Ko8aRYG6kK2932UXzEjEA_aem_XZD7jBDdihuD4J_03JTbiw\">Nunn Better U-Pick Farm\u003c/a>: 2777 Sellers Ave., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/freitascherryranch/\">Freitas Cherry Ranch\u003c/a>: 555 Hoffman Lane, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://maggioreranch.com/\">Maggiore Cherry Ranch\u003c/a>: 3017 Walnut Blvd., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where to pick strawberries, mulberries and other berries (June–July)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/berrybestfamilyfarm/?hl=en\">Berry Best Family Farm\u003c/a>: 7540 Balfour Road, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/verymulberry/\">Very Mulberry\u003c/a>: 501 Hoffman Lane, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/liveearthfarm/\">Live Earth Farm\u003c/a>: 1275 Green Valley Road, Watsonville\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://theboringfarm.com/\">Boring Farm\u003c/a>: 4200 Canfield Road, Sebastopol\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/duckworthfarmblueberries/?fbclid=IwAR3k3ciuogCR-7FLnL66edcFr3Cxh8LrUBjDv-_mIPeuc7ovzRaAM7aiAAA\">Duckworth Family Farm\u003c/a>: 2950 Canfield Road, Sebastopol\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/bluehousefarm/\">Blue House Farm\u003c/a>: 950 La Honda Road, San Gregorio\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gizdich-ranch.com/\">Gizdich Ranch\u003c/a>: 55 Peckham Road, Watsonville\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/chaostrawberries/\">Chao’s Strawberries\u003c/a>: 2600 B Walnut Blvd, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where to pick stone fruit like peaches, nectarines, apricots and plums (June–August)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/theurbanedgefarm/\">Urban Edge Farm\u003c/a>: 2017 Walnut Blvd., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/farmersdaughterproduce/?hl=en\">Farmers Daughter Produce\u003c/a>: 23151 Marsh Creek Road, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://pomeroyfarm.net/\">Pomeroy Farm\u003c/a>: 1600 Eureka Ave., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://harvestforyou.com/members/moffatt-ranch-peaches/\">Moffatt Ranch\u003c/a>: 1870 Walnut Blvd., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://mckinneyfarms.weebly.com/\">McKinney Farms\u003c/a>: 25221 Marsh Creek Road, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.brentwood-u-pick.com/\">Airaya U-Pick Farm\u003c/a>: 25221 Marsh Creek Road, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cloverfieldfarm.us/\">Cloverfield Organic Farm\u003c/a>: 501 La Paloma Road, El Sobrante\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/bacchinis_farm/\">Bacchini’s Farm\u003c/a>: 2010 Walnut Blvd., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/wolferanchinbrentwood/\">Wolfe Ranch\u003c/a>: 2111 Concord Ave. Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043763\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GettyImages-584939378-scaled-e1749662999415.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043763\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GettyImages-584939378-scaled-e1749662999415.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picking ladder in front of ripening cherry trees at U-pick farm in Brentwood California. Many small fruit orchards and vegetable farmers in the area have helped establish Brentwood as a #1 spot for u-pick farms in the rich agricultural land. \u003ccite>(Barbara Rich for Getty)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The effects of climate change on fruit seasons\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s diverse microclimates — and increasingly erratic weather — play a significant role in determining which fruits can grow where, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.pampeirce.com/\">Pamela Peirce\u003c/a>, a Bay Area gardening expert and author of Golden Gate Gardening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the coast, for example, cool summers and low “chill hours” — \u003ca href=\"https://ucanr.edu/blog/hort-coco-uc-master-gardener-program-contra-costa/article/what-are-chill-hours\">the amount of time fruit is exposed to cold\u003c/a> — limit what can thrive.[aside postID=news_12040961 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/GettyImages-1312721999-1020x680.jpg']“Only things that can take very mild winters can grow,” Peirce said, so while apples, plums, lemons, and hardy citrus varieties do well, peaches, nectarines, and sweeter citrus need the longer heat spells of inland areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But climate change is blurring these boundaries. Warmer winters followed by sudden cold snaps can confuse fruit trees, causing early blooms and weaker yields. Inland, extreme heat can \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0098847222004002\">shut down photosynthesis\u003c/a>, harming crops and even contributing to carbon emissions, Peirce said. In her own backyard, “our apple tree in 2017 bloomed in August. That’s not supposed to happen,” she said. “It’s supposed to bloom in April.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shifts in temperature are also altering pest activity, allowing some to linger year-round while reducing the population of pollinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, climate change “is very confusing to the plants,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Cherries, strawberries, mulberries and peaches taste so much better when you get to pick them yourself. Here’s a list of u-Pick farms for you to explore this summer.",
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"title": "Where to Go Fruit Picking in the Bay Area This Summer | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Few \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13976542/bay-area-fun-summer-events-concerts-festivals-movies-2025\">summer activities\u003c/a> feel as wholesome — and satisfying — as picking your own fruit straight from the tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the wider Bay Area, “u-pick” farms offer a chance to connect with California’s agricultural roots, support local growers and head home with a basketful of strawberries, cherries, peaches and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#where-to-go-fruit-picking-bay-area\">The Bay Area farms where you can pick your own cherries, berries and stone fruit\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Eating fresh-picked fruits can offer nutritional benefits — and extra tastiness. Dr. Zubaida Qamar, associate professor of nutrition at San Francisco State University and lead of the campus farm, said produce picked at peak ripeness tends to have higher nutrient content and better flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The flavor is going to be much more enhanced if we are buying seasonally and locally — and you’re also supporting your local farmers,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exploring farms and buying produce at the local farmers’ markets is a great way to build food literacy and community connection, Qamar said. Programs like\u003ca href=\"https://marketmatch.org/\"> Market Match\u003c/a>, which doubles CalFresh (SNAP) benefits at participating farmers’ markets, also help make fresh fruit more accessible to low-income families. \u003ca href=\"https://www.localharvest.org/csa/\">Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)\u003c/a> boxes and home gardening offer additional local options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043765\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GettyImages-2070053979-scaled-e1749663302650.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043765\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GettyImages-2070053979-scaled-e1749663302650.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1330\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Strawberry cutout on pick up along the California coast at Highway 1 near Half Moon Bay, California on March 23, 2010. \u003ccite>(Thomas Winz for Getty)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We are very privileged to have access to different farms around us. And access to farmers markets, which run pretty much all year round,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Planning ahead: Tips before you go fruit picking\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fruit picking seasons are short and can vary depending on the weather. Always check the farm’s website or social media before heading out — many update their availability daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some farms charge by the pound, while others charge by the bucket. Some require reservations and others allow walk-ins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bring sun protection, water, and cash just in case cards are not accepted. If you’re planning to be out at the farm for the whole day, consider bringing an icebox or a container to store your fruits, which will help keep them fresher for even longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>U-pick\u003ca id=\"where-to-go-fruit-picking-bay-area\">\u003c/a> farms to visit in the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where to pick cherries (May–June)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cherry-time.com/\">Cherry Time\u003c/a>: 1875 Walnut Blvd., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/5starcherries/\">5 Star Cherries\u003c/a>: 24782 Marsh Creek Road, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gsfarms.net/\">G&S Farms\u003c/a>: 2490 Sellers Ave., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Seko-Ranch-113607681999698\">Seko Ranch\u003c/a>: 487 Eureka Ave., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Mikes.U.Pick/\">Mike’s U-Pick\u003c/a>: 611 Payne Ave., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nunnbetterfarms.com/?fbclid=PAZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAadll-4ETZLVDtmGbO-OTgwIvj0l38dvUac_IKKP0Ko8aRYG6kK2932UXzEjEA_aem_XZD7jBDdihuD4J_03JTbiw\">Nunn Better U-Pick Farm\u003c/a>: 2777 Sellers Ave., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/freitascherryranch/\">Freitas Cherry Ranch\u003c/a>: 555 Hoffman Lane, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://maggioreranch.com/\">Maggiore Cherry Ranch\u003c/a>: 3017 Walnut Blvd., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where to pick strawberries, mulberries and other berries (June–July)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/berrybestfamilyfarm/?hl=en\">Berry Best Family Farm\u003c/a>: 7540 Balfour Road, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/verymulberry/\">Very Mulberry\u003c/a>: 501 Hoffman Lane, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/liveearthfarm/\">Live Earth Farm\u003c/a>: 1275 Green Valley Road, Watsonville\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://theboringfarm.com/\">Boring Farm\u003c/a>: 4200 Canfield Road, Sebastopol\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/duckworthfarmblueberries/?fbclid=IwAR3k3ciuogCR-7FLnL66edcFr3Cxh8LrUBjDv-_mIPeuc7ovzRaAM7aiAAA\">Duckworth Family Farm\u003c/a>: 2950 Canfield Road, Sebastopol\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/bluehousefarm/\">Blue House Farm\u003c/a>: 950 La Honda Road, San Gregorio\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gizdich-ranch.com/\">Gizdich Ranch\u003c/a>: 55 Peckham Road, Watsonville\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/chaostrawberries/\">Chao’s Strawberries\u003c/a>: 2600 B Walnut Blvd, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where to pick stone fruit like peaches, nectarines, apricots and plums (June–August)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/theurbanedgefarm/\">Urban Edge Farm\u003c/a>: 2017 Walnut Blvd., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/farmersdaughterproduce/?hl=en\">Farmers Daughter Produce\u003c/a>: 23151 Marsh Creek Road, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://pomeroyfarm.net/\">Pomeroy Farm\u003c/a>: 1600 Eureka Ave., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://harvestforyou.com/members/moffatt-ranch-peaches/\">Moffatt Ranch\u003c/a>: 1870 Walnut Blvd., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://mckinneyfarms.weebly.com/\">McKinney Farms\u003c/a>: 25221 Marsh Creek Road, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.brentwood-u-pick.com/\">Airaya U-Pick Farm\u003c/a>: 25221 Marsh Creek Road, Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cloverfieldfarm.us/\">Cloverfield Organic Farm\u003c/a>: 501 La Paloma Road, El Sobrante\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/bacchinis_farm/\">Bacchini’s Farm\u003c/a>: 2010 Walnut Blvd., Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/wolferanchinbrentwood/\">Wolfe Ranch\u003c/a>: 2111 Concord Ave. Brentwood\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043763\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GettyImages-584939378-scaled-e1749662999415.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043763\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GettyImages-584939378-scaled-e1749662999415.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picking ladder in front of ripening cherry trees at U-pick farm in Brentwood California. Many small fruit orchards and vegetable farmers in the area have helped establish Brentwood as a #1 spot for u-pick farms in the rich agricultural land. \u003ccite>(Barbara Rich for Getty)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The effects of climate change on fruit seasons\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s diverse microclimates — and increasingly erratic weather — play a significant role in determining which fruits can grow where, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.pampeirce.com/\">Pamela Peirce\u003c/a>, a Bay Area gardening expert and author of Golden Gate Gardening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the coast, for example, cool summers and low “chill hours” — \u003ca href=\"https://ucanr.edu/blog/hort-coco-uc-master-gardener-program-contra-costa/article/what-are-chill-hours\">the amount of time fruit is exposed to cold\u003c/a> — limit what can thrive.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Only things that can take very mild winters can grow,” Peirce said, so while apples, plums, lemons, and hardy citrus varieties do well, peaches, nectarines, and sweeter citrus need the longer heat spells of inland areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But climate change is blurring these boundaries. Warmer winters followed by sudden cold snaps can confuse fruit trees, causing early blooms and weaker yields. Inland, extreme heat can \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0098847222004002\">shut down photosynthesis\u003c/a>, harming crops and even contributing to carbon emissions, Peirce said. In her own backyard, “our apple tree in 2017 bloomed in August. That’s not supposed to happen,” she said. “It’s supposed to bloom in April.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shifts in temperature are also altering pest activity, allowing some to linger year-round while reducing the population of pollinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, climate change “is very confusing to the plants,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facing a gaping budget hole, an electorate that decided his attention was elsewhere and middling reviews on Apple Podcasts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gavin-newsom\">Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> began the first half of 2025 searching for relevance and purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all changed this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom stood before a camera on Tuesday night and delivered remarks seemingly aimed at positioning himself as President Donald Trump’s number one opponent — and perhaps the Democratic Party’s heir apparent. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8slqGnae3-U\">the nine-minute speech\u003c/a>, the governor tore into Trump’s decision \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043221/newsom-asks-trump-to-rescind-unlawful-deployment-of-troops-in-los-angeles\">to send armed troops to Los Angeles\u003c/a> in response to immigration protests in and around the city, and framed it as part of a larger power grab by the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Donald Trump sought blanket authority to commandeer the National Guard, he made that order apply to every state in this nation. This is about all of us. This is all about you. California may be first, but it clearly will not end here,” Newsom warned. “And other states are next. Democracy is next. Democracy is under assault before our eyes. This moment we have feared has arrived.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t hurt that the confrontation with Trump gave the governor a break from a thicket of thorny issues back at the state capitol. But after months during which both the governor and Democrats more broadly have struggled to find a coherent message to push back against the president, Newsom seized a volatile moment to speak not just to California but to the nation — and seemed to find his footing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043862\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/231013-IsraelRally-029-BL_qed-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/231013-IsraelRally-029-BL_qed-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/231013-IsraelRally-029-BL_qed-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/231013-IsraelRally-029-BL_qed-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. Josh Becker speaks during a rally calling on Hamas to release hostages captured in Israel, at Civic Center Plaza, in San Francisco, on Oct. 13, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“He’s rising to the moment,” said state Sen. Josh Becker, a Bay Area Democrat who has known Newsom since the governor was a fresh-faced supervisor in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Democrats have been looking for leadership and this is the kind of leadership they want,” Becker added. “Donald Trump is a bully. He is a bully 100% and the only way to confront a bully is to stand up to a bully, and Gavin Newsom is standing up to him right now — and I think he’s earning the admiration and appreciation of Californians and the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s speech followed a dayslong legal and rhetorical battle with Trump, who took the rare step of ordering the National Guard and U.S. Marines to Los Angeles over Newsom’s objections. On Sunday, Newsom challenged Trump’s border czar Tom Homan to arrest him — “Just get it over with,” Newsom insisted — which Trump said would be a “great thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, Newsom and Attorney General Rob Bonta \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043221/newsom-asks-trump-to-rescind-unlawful-deployment-of-troops-in-los-angeles\">filed a lawsuit\u003c/a> challenging the military deployment.[aside postID=news_12043314 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GavinNewsomRobBontaGetty.jpg']The back and forth laid bare the strange relationship between Trump and Newsom, who have at times appeared friendly, like when the president traveled to L.A. during the fires there in January. But they both have also relished using the other person as a politically convenient foil to play to their respective bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, I like Gavin Newsom — he’s a nice guy, but he’s grossly incompetent,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z79YvUbDTVQ\">Trump said \u003c/a>Sunday when asked about the incendiary idea of arresting a democratically elected governor. Trump went on to say that \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/video/trump-praises-his-response-to-the-la-protests-we-have-it-very-well-under-control-8b132c7063884d92a2aee002bd07e8e0\">Newsom’s crime\u003c/a> was “running for governor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been many twists and turns over the years between Newsom and Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Trump’s first term, Newsom stepped forward immediately as one of the president’s most vocal Democratic critics. But this year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12026230/after-years-of-attacks-newsom-tries-flattery-on-trump\">Newsom has treaded more carefully\u003c/a>. He has let other Democrats, namely California Attorney General Rob Bonta, take the lead on pushing back against Trump’s agenda. Some of that shift can be attributed to the devastating Los Angeles fires earlier this year and the state’s need for federal assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also created some political problems for Newsom — and this showdown with Trump could shore up support for the governor among California Democrats, who have questioned the termed-out governor’s political intentions and policy agenda for his final 18 months in the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040806\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California State Capitol in Sacramento on May 6, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s proposal to close \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040025/newsom-blames-trump-california-budget-deficit-aims-cap-undocumented-health-care\">a projected $12 billion budget shortfall\u003c/a> rested on cuts to Medicaid coverage for undocumented residents — an idea that garnered fierce pushback from immigrant advocacy groups. A podcast he launched this year, featuring interviews with far-right figures, angered many in his own party — especially after the governor made comments that many on the left saw as throwing transgender kids under the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And voters seemed to question whether Newsom’s eyes were wandering toward the White House. A recent poll from the UC Berkeley Institute of Governmental Studies found 54% of California voters thought Newsom was focusing more on bolstering a future run for president than on governing the state. Even Democrats were split evenly on this question of the governor’s political compass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Republican strategist Tim Rosales said the chance to climb back in the ring with Trump provides a welcome respite for Newsom from tough governing choices that could further divide the governor from his base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything that he can do to kind of deflect attention from some of those things and pick a fight with President Trump is certainly beneficial for him,” Rosales said. “It puts Governor Newsom back on the national stage, which is, we all know, where he wants to be and I think where he has eyes toward for 2028.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sense — that Newsom is acting out of his own interests, with an eye on his political future — has long dogged the governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781815\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11781815\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Newsom-AB5-Gonzalez-signing-1-e1571781593776.jpeg\" alt=\"Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, right, and labor activists celebrate as Gov. Gavin Newsom signs the legislation, which forces companies to treat roughly 1 million contract workers as employees under California law.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, right, and labor activists celebrate as Gov. Gavin Newsom signs the legislation, which forces companies to treat roughly 1 million contract workers as employees under California law.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But some Democrats who have clashed with Newsom in the past said they were heartened by the governor’s shift in tone and message this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s stepping up in this time. He’s stepping up for Californians, and it’s something I think we were hungry for,” said California Labor Federation president Lorena Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez is a former state Assembly member who has undertaken public policy fights with Newsom in the past. But she praised his Tuesday speech for calling out the indiscriminate nature of Trump’s immigration raids — and said the integral role of undocumented immigrants in California necessitated a response from the state’s highest officeholder.[aside postID=news_12042751 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1232636077-1020x680.jpg']“There is nothing I think that Gavin Newsom has ever done to suggest that he doesn’t have that type of desire to stand up for Californians, all Californians and protect them from deportation when they’re not criminals. So I think it’s very consistent. I don’t think it is opportunist,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ever-escalating confrontation is not without risk for Newsom. For one, the governor is largely responding to developments outside of his control. Trump could very well benefit politically with his own base if troops are needed to maintain order — and he could use any confrontation as justification to roll out troops in other Democratic cities, and as a pretense for further escalation nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, by pushing back against those deployments, is betting that state and local officials can keep acts of violence or vandalism isolated and the situation in control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the governor has joined Trump in using the events in Los Angeles to rally his political supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Trump’s political arm sent an email blast to backers warning of an “ATTACK ON THE HOMELAND.” Then on Wednesday, Newsom’s Campaign for Democracy PAC issued his own appeal in a text, alongside a request for $10 and $20 donations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gavin Newsom here, asking if there is ANYTHING I can say to convince you to donate to help me continue to fight back against the attacks and threats from the Trump administration,” the text read. “I can’t do this alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accompanying the text was a photo of Newsom and Trump facing one another, the governor wagging his finger at the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facing a gaping budget hole, an electorate that decided his attention was elsewhere and middling reviews on Apple Podcasts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gavin-newsom\">Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> began the first half of 2025 searching for relevance and purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all changed this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom stood before a camera on Tuesday night and delivered remarks seemingly aimed at positioning himself as President Donald Trump’s number one opponent — and perhaps the Democratic Party’s heir apparent. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8slqGnae3-U\">the nine-minute speech\u003c/a>, the governor tore into Trump’s decision \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043221/newsom-asks-trump-to-rescind-unlawful-deployment-of-troops-in-los-angeles\">to send armed troops to Los Angeles\u003c/a> in response to immigration protests in and around the city, and framed it as part of a larger power grab by the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Donald Trump sought blanket authority to commandeer the National Guard, he made that order apply to every state in this nation. This is about all of us. This is all about you. California may be first, but it clearly will not end here,” Newsom warned. “And other states are next. Democracy is next. Democracy is under assault before our eyes. This moment we have feared has arrived.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t hurt that the confrontation with Trump gave the governor a break from a thicket of thorny issues back at the state capitol. But after months during which both the governor and Democrats more broadly have struggled to find a coherent message to push back against the president, Newsom seized a volatile moment to speak not just to California but to the nation — and seemed to find his footing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043862\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/231013-IsraelRally-029-BL_qed-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/231013-IsraelRally-029-BL_qed-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/231013-IsraelRally-029-BL_qed-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/231013-IsraelRally-029-BL_qed-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. Josh Becker speaks during a rally calling on Hamas to release hostages captured in Israel, at Civic Center Plaza, in San Francisco, on Oct. 13, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“He’s rising to the moment,” said state Sen. Josh Becker, a Bay Area Democrat who has known Newsom since the governor was a fresh-faced supervisor in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Democrats have been looking for leadership and this is the kind of leadership they want,” Becker added. “Donald Trump is a bully. He is a bully 100% and the only way to confront a bully is to stand up to a bully, and Gavin Newsom is standing up to him right now — and I think he’s earning the admiration and appreciation of Californians and the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s speech followed a dayslong legal and rhetorical battle with Trump, who took the rare step of ordering the National Guard and U.S. Marines to Los Angeles over Newsom’s objections. On Sunday, Newsom challenged Trump’s border czar Tom Homan to arrest him — “Just get it over with,” Newsom insisted — which Trump said would be a “great thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, Newsom and Attorney General Rob Bonta \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043221/newsom-asks-trump-to-rescind-unlawful-deployment-of-troops-in-los-angeles\">filed a lawsuit\u003c/a> challenging the military deployment.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The back and forth laid bare the strange relationship between Trump and Newsom, who have at times appeared friendly, like when the president traveled to L.A. during the fires there in January. But they both have also relished using the other person as a politically convenient foil to play to their respective bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, I like Gavin Newsom — he’s a nice guy, but he’s grossly incompetent,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z79YvUbDTVQ\">Trump said \u003c/a>Sunday when asked about the incendiary idea of arresting a democratically elected governor. Trump went on to say that \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/video/trump-praises-his-response-to-the-la-protests-we-have-it-very-well-under-control-8b132c7063884d92a2aee002bd07e8e0\">Newsom’s crime\u003c/a> was “running for governor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been many twists and turns over the years between Newsom and Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Trump’s first term, Newsom stepped forward immediately as one of the president’s most vocal Democratic critics. But this year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12026230/after-years-of-attacks-newsom-tries-flattery-on-trump\">Newsom has treaded more carefully\u003c/a>. He has let other Democrats, namely California Attorney General Rob Bonta, take the lead on pushing back against Trump’s agenda. Some of that shift can be attributed to the devastating Los Angeles fires earlier this year and the state’s need for federal assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also created some political problems for Newsom — and this showdown with Trump could shore up support for the governor among California Democrats, who have questioned the termed-out governor’s political intentions and policy agenda for his final 18 months in the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040806\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California State Capitol in Sacramento on May 6, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s proposal to close \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040025/newsom-blames-trump-california-budget-deficit-aims-cap-undocumented-health-care\">a projected $12 billion budget shortfall\u003c/a> rested on cuts to Medicaid coverage for undocumented residents — an idea that garnered fierce pushback from immigrant advocacy groups. A podcast he launched this year, featuring interviews with far-right figures, angered many in his own party — especially after the governor made comments that many on the left saw as throwing transgender kids under the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And voters seemed to question whether Newsom’s eyes were wandering toward the White House. A recent poll from the UC Berkeley Institute of Governmental Studies found 54% of California voters thought Newsom was focusing more on bolstering a future run for president than on governing the state. Even Democrats were split evenly on this question of the governor’s political compass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Republican strategist Tim Rosales said the chance to climb back in the ring with Trump provides a welcome respite for Newsom from tough governing choices that could further divide the governor from his base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything that he can do to kind of deflect attention from some of those things and pick a fight with President Trump is certainly beneficial for him,” Rosales said. “It puts Governor Newsom back on the national stage, which is, we all know, where he wants to be and I think where he has eyes toward for 2028.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sense — that Newsom is acting out of his own interests, with an eye on his political future — has long dogged the governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781815\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11781815\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Newsom-AB5-Gonzalez-signing-1-e1571781593776.jpeg\" alt=\"Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, right, and labor activists celebrate as Gov. Gavin Newsom signs the legislation, which forces companies to treat roughly 1 million contract workers as employees under California law.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, right, and labor activists celebrate as Gov. Gavin Newsom signs the legislation, which forces companies to treat roughly 1 million contract workers as employees under California law.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But some Democrats who have clashed with Newsom in the past said they were heartened by the governor’s shift in tone and message this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s stepping up in this time. He’s stepping up for Californians, and it’s something I think we were hungry for,” said California Labor Federation president Lorena Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez is a former state Assembly member who has undertaken public policy fights with Newsom in the past. But she praised his Tuesday speech for calling out the indiscriminate nature of Trump’s immigration raids — and said the integral role of undocumented immigrants in California necessitated a response from the state’s highest officeholder.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“There is nothing I think that Gavin Newsom has ever done to suggest that he doesn’t have that type of desire to stand up for Californians, all Californians and protect them from deportation when they’re not criminals. So I think it’s very consistent. I don’t think it is opportunist,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ever-escalating confrontation is not without risk for Newsom. For one, the governor is largely responding to developments outside of his control. Trump could very well benefit politically with his own base if troops are needed to maintain order — and he could use any confrontation as justification to roll out troops in other Democratic cities, and as a pretense for further escalation nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, by pushing back against those deployments, is betting that state and local officials can keep acts of violence or vandalism isolated and the situation in control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the governor has joined Trump in using the events in Los Angeles to rally his political supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Trump’s political arm sent an email blast to backers warning of an “ATTACK ON THE HOMELAND.” Then on Wednesday, Newsom’s Campaign for Democracy PAC issued his own appeal in a text, alongside a request for $10 and $20 donations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gavin Newsom here, asking if there is ANYTHING I can say to convince you to donate to help me continue to fight back against the attacks and threats from the Trump administration,” the text read. “I can’t do this alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accompanying the text was a photo of Newsom and Trump facing one another, the governor wagging his finger at the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Why Reporter Ruben Salazar’s Death 55 Years Ago Still Resonates in LA Protests",
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"headTitle": "Why Reporter Ruben Salazar’s Death 55 Years Ago Still Resonates in LA Protests | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ -->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The specter of law enforcement firing “less-lethal” rounds into crowds of protesters and striking journalists on the streets of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/los-angeles\">Los Angeles\u003c/a> is a haunting echo of the death of journalist \u003ca href=\"https://library.sonoma.edu/research/research-guides/regional-research/notable-north-bay-people/ruben-salazar-1928-1970\">Ruben Salazar while covering a protest more than 50 years ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In four days of protests over ICE immigration arrests in the Los Angeles Area, nearly a dozen journalists, including CalMatters investigative reporter Sergio Olmos, were struck by projectiles fired by law enforcement officers, according to data compiled by \u003ca href=\"https://lapressclub.org/about/board/adam-rose-2/\">Adam Rose, chair of the press rights committee \u003c/a>of the Los Angeles Press Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most sustained minor bruises, but one, British journalist Nick Stern, was hit in the leg with a projectile, apparently fired by a Los Angeles County Sheriff’s deputy, while covering Friday night’s disturbance in the community of Paramount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact left a 2-inch hole in his leg and required emergency surgery to remove a 40mm projectile, according to media reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It hurt so much that I thought they might be firing live rounds,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/08/la-protests-photographer-hit-by-non-lethal-rounds\">he told \u003cem>The Guardian\u003c/em>.\u003c/a> “I’ve been with non-lethal rounds before. They hurt like hell but generally don’t break the skin. But the blood made me think it was a live round.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another journalist, Lauren Tomasi of News9 Australia, was struck by a rubber bullet fired by a Los Angeles Police Department officer while she was broadcasting live during Sunday’s protest outside the Metropolitan Detention Center in Downtown Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043754\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2250px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043754\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/LAProtestScreengrab01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2250\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/LAProtestScreengrab01.jpg 2250w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/LAProtestScreengrab01-2000x1778.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/LAProtestScreengrab01-160x142.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/LAProtestScreengrab01-1536x1365.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/LAProtestScreengrab01-2048x1820.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2250px) 100vw, 2250px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S correspondent Lauren Tomasi of 9News in Australia is hit by a projectile fired by LAPD during a live broadcast in downtown Los Angeles on June 8, 2025. \u003ccite>(Screenshot/9News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department told CalMatters in a statement that the department is reviewing footage of Stern’s injury and “it is not clear at this time whether our department was involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement said the department is committed to ensuring members of the media “can perform their duties safely while covering events, including protests, civil disobedience and public gatherings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement added that the Tomasi incident “involved another law enforcement agency and not the Sheriff’s Department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/9NewsAUS/status/1931885297203347706?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1931885297203347706%7Ctwgr%5E5bb6c7a309df0e8abb6908bca8945f2a5808eb17%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2025%2Fjun%2F09%2Faustralian-reporter-shot-with-rubber-bullet-while-covering-anti-ice-protests-in-los-angeles\">A video posted on X by News9 Australia\u003c/a> shows a uniformed LAPD officer taking aim and firing in the direction of Tomasi and her crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked for comment, an LAPD spokesperson directed CalMatters to \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/LAPDPIO/status/1932200228951892284/photo/1\">a news release posted\u003c/a> on the agency’s X account. It states that police fired more than 600 rounds of “less-than-lethal munitions” Saturday and Sunday while arresting 29 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The release states that the department will continue to review body-worn footage from the incidents, but makes no mention of the Tomasi case or other journalists who were struck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News9 reported that the LAPD has launched a formal investigation into the Tomasi incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A subsequent release by the LAPD states that its Professional Standards Bureau “will be investigating allegations of excessive force,” but does not mention Tomasi or other media.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A history of problems\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The hazards journalists face covering the news are not new. Throughout the years, dozens of journalists have been injured by police while covering disturbances in and around Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose, the LA Press Club’s journalists’ rights advocate, said he started compiling data on incidents after the violence during the 2020 LA George Floyd protests to try to determine whether there has been a pattern involving police encounters in which journalists are injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987039\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987039\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator outside Oakland police headquarters on May 29 2020, carries a sign with the words, “I can’t breathe” spoken by George Floyd, the man murdered on May 25, 2020, by police in Minneapolis. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He said he believes a pattern does exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has been a long history of problematic dynamics between police and the press in Los Angeles,” he said, especially during incidents of unrest in which police “appear to clearly target journalists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited the 2007 “Mayday Melee,” in which LAPD officers tried to clear protesters at an immigration rally in MacArthur Park. More than 40 people were injured, including nine journalists, and the city paid out $13 million to settle excessive force claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years earlier, LAPD agreed to pay $60,000 to settle a case involving seven reporters who were injured by police covering disturbances surrounding the 2000 Democratic National Convention.[aside postID=news_12043548 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/AP25160742848163-2000x1333.jpg']“The [LAPD] culture is really concerning,” Rose said. “Police and the press are both a type of first responder and there should be a level of professionalism and respect. When you culturally target journalists, the rights of the press are chilled and the ability of the public to be informed is harmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose noted that \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/codes/california/code-pen/part-4/title-4-7/section-13652/#:~:text=(6)%20Officers%20shall%20minimize%20the,to%20extract%20individuals%20in%20distress.\">California Penal Code Section 13652\u003c/a> was amended in 2021 to require that officers “minimize the possible incidental impact of their use of kinetic energy projectiles and chemical agents on bystanders, medical personnel, journalists, or other unintended targets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olmos, the CalMatters journalist who was struck, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/MrOlmos/status/1932266657139024094\">reported on X \u003c/a>that he saw officers aiming less-lethal munitions at close range, “including at eye level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked for a response, an LAPD spokesman directed CalMatters to submit questions in writing via email but not to expect an immediate reply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose said it is somewhat difficult to draw a straight line between more recent episodes and the death of Salzar, but there are enough similarities that after 55 years, his case still rings as a cautionary tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was killed by a tear-gas canister fired through an open door, which indicates a sort of recklessness, and that recklessness certainly continues,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose noted that on Friday, freelance journalist Sean Becker-Carmitchel was struck in the head by a tear-gas round and that “had it been two inches lower, he would have lost an eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The loss of a hero’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salazar was a columnist for the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> as well as the news director of a Spanish-language radio station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 29, 1970, he was covering a march in East Los Angeles by Latinos against the Vietnam War. As the protest grew more heated, sheriff’s deputies tried to disperse the crowds with tear gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar ducked into a bar called The Silver Dollar. A short time later, a deputy fired a 10-inch tear gas projectile through the curtained door of the establishment, striking Salazar in the head and killing him. The death was ultimately ruled accidental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643081\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11643081\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes.jpg\" alt=\"The Los Angeles Times building in downtown L.A.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1254\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-1020x666.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-1180x771.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-960x627.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-240x157.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-375x245.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-520x340.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Los Angeles Times building in downtown L.A. \u003ccite>(Mae Ryan/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Retired journalist Frank Sotomayor joined the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em> in 1970, shortly after Salazar’s death. He had become an admirer of Salazar’s after relatives began sending him copies of his columns while he was stationed in Tokyo with the Army.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those columns led him to apply at the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The day I got out of the Army was the day he was killed,” Sotomayor told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was one of the few Latinos in journalism at the time … for the people who knew him, they were just stunned … that anything like this would happen.”[aside postID=news_12043445 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250609-SF-IMMIGRATION-PROTESTS-MD-17-KQED-1.jpg']“To me, it was the loss of a hero that I’d always wanted to meet and never had the opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sotomayor, who helped lead a \u003cem>Times\u003c/em> project on the Latino community and culture that won the 1984 Pulitzer Prize for public service and later worked on a 20th anniversary retrospective about Salazar’s death, noted that there are still questions surrounding the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still people who believe Ruben was killed on purpose,” he said. “I’ve never made my mind up whether it was on purpose or an accident, as the Sheriff’s Office called it. Why someone would fire a projectile of that type into a business … it seems like it’s beyond a coincidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sotomayor noted that the type of tear-gas canister that struck Salazar would not fit the description of a non-lethal projectile today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t discount the danger journalists face in trying to cover their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year was the deadliest year for journalists on record, with at least 124 killed in the line of duty, \u003ca href=\"https://cpj.org/special-reports/2024-is-deadliest-year-for-journalists-in-cpj-history-almost-70-percent-killed-by-israel/#:~:text=All%20of%20the%202024%20killings,See%20our%20methodology%20here.\">according to the Committee to Protect Journalists. \u003c/a>Most died while covering conflicts in Gaza, Ukraine and other parts of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/06/ruben-salazars-death-journalists-protests/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ -->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The specter of law enforcement firing “less-lethal” rounds into crowds of protesters and striking journalists on the streets of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/los-angeles\">Los Angeles\u003c/a> is a haunting echo of the death of journalist \u003ca href=\"https://library.sonoma.edu/research/research-guides/regional-research/notable-north-bay-people/ruben-salazar-1928-1970\">Ruben Salazar while covering a protest more than 50 years ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In four days of protests over ICE immigration arrests in the Los Angeles Area, nearly a dozen journalists, including CalMatters investigative reporter Sergio Olmos, were struck by projectiles fired by law enforcement officers, according to data compiled by \u003ca href=\"https://lapressclub.org/about/board/adam-rose-2/\">Adam Rose, chair of the press rights committee \u003c/a>of the Los Angeles Press Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most sustained minor bruises, but one, British journalist Nick Stern, was hit in the leg with a projectile, apparently fired by a Los Angeles County Sheriff’s deputy, while covering Friday night’s disturbance in the community of Paramount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact left a 2-inch hole in his leg and required emergency surgery to remove a 40mm projectile, according to media reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It hurt so much that I thought they might be firing live rounds,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/08/la-protests-photographer-hit-by-non-lethal-rounds\">he told \u003cem>The Guardian\u003c/em>.\u003c/a> “I’ve been with non-lethal rounds before. They hurt like hell but generally don’t break the skin. But the blood made me think it was a live round.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another journalist, Lauren Tomasi of News9 Australia, was struck by a rubber bullet fired by a Los Angeles Police Department officer while she was broadcasting live during Sunday’s protest outside the Metropolitan Detention Center in Downtown Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043754\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2250px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043754\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/LAProtestScreengrab01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2250\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/LAProtestScreengrab01.jpg 2250w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/LAProtestScreengrab01-2000x1778.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/LAProtestScreengrab01-160x142.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/LAProtestScreengrab01-1536x1365.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/LAProtestScreengrab01-2048x1820.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2250px) 100vw, 2250px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S correspondent Lauren Tomasi of 9News in Australia is hit by a projectile fired by LAPD during a live broadcast in downtown Los Angeles on June 8, 2025. \u003ccite>(Screenshot/9News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department told CalMatters in a statement that the department is reviewing footage of Stern’s injury and “it is not clear at this time whether our department was involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement said the department is committed to ensuring members of the media “can perform their duties safely while covering events, including protests, civil disobedience and public gatherings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement added that the Tomasi incident “involved another law enforcement agency and not the Sheriff’s Department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/9NewsAUS/status/1931885297203347706?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1931885297203347706%7Ctwgr%5E5bb6c7a309df0e8abb6908bca8945f2a5808eb17%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2025%2Fjun%2F09%2Faustralian-reporter-shot-with-rubber-bullet-while-covering-anti-ice-protests-in-los-angeles\">A video posted on X by News9 Australia\u003c/a> shows a uniformed LAPD officer taking aim and firing in the direction of Tomasi and her crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked for comment, an LAPD spokesperson directed CalMatters to \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/LAPDPIO/status/1932200228951892284/photo/1\">a news release posted\u003c/a> on the agency’s X account. It states that police fired more than 600 rounds of “less-than-lethal munitions” Saturday and Sunday while arresting 29 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The release states that the department will continue to review body-worn footage from the incidents, but makes no mention of the Tomasi case or other journalists who were struck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News9 reported that the LAPD has launched a formal investigation into the Tomasi incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A subsequent release by the LAPD states that its Professional Standards Bureau “will be investigating allegations of excessive force,” but does not mention Tomasi or other media.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A history of problems\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The hazards journalists face covering the news are not new. Throughout the years, dozens of journalists have been injured by police while covering disturbances in and around Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose, the LA Press Club’s journalists’ rights advocate, said he started compiling data on incidents after the violence during the 2020 LA George Floyd protests to try to determine whether there has been a pattern involving police encounters in which journalists are injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987039\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987039\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator outside Oakland police headquarters on May 29 2020, carries a sign with the words, “I can’t breathe” spoken by George Floyd, the man murdered on May 25, 2020, by police in Minneapolis. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He said he believes a pattern does exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has been a long history of problematic dynamics between police and the press in Los Angeles,” he said, especially during incidents of unrest in which police “appear to clearly target journalists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited the 2007 “Mayday Melee,” in which LAPD officers tried to clear protesters at an immigration rally in MacArthur Park. More than 40 people were injured, including nine journalists, and the city paid out $13 million to settle excessive force claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years earlier, LAPD agreed to pay $60,000 to settle a case involving seven reporters who were injured by police covering disturbances surrounding the 2000 Democratic National Convention.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The [LAPD] culture is really concerning,” Rose said. “Police and the press are both a type of first responder and there should be a level of professionalism and respect. When you culturally target journalists, the rights of the press are chilled and the ability of the public to be informed is harmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose noted that \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/codes/california/code-pen/part-4/title-4-7/section-13652/#:~:text=(6)%20Officers%20shall%20minimize%20the,to%20extract%20individuals%20in%20distress.\">California Penal Code Section 13652\u003c/a> was amended in 2021 to require that officers “minimize the possible incidental impact of their use of kinetic energy projectiles and chemical agents on bystanders, medical personnel, journalists, or other unintended targets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olmos, the CalMatters journalist who was struck, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/MrOlmos/status/1932266657139024094\">reported on X \u003c/a>that he saw officers aiming less-lethal munitions at close range, “including at eye level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked for a response, an LAPD spokesman directed CalMatters to submit questions in writing via email but not to expect an immediate reply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose said it is somewhat difficult to draw a straight line between more recent episodes and the death of Salzar, but there are enough similarities that after 55 years, his case still rings as a cautionary tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was killed by a tear-gas canister fired through an open door, which indicates a sort of recklessness, and that recklessness certainly continues,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose noted that on Friday, freelance journalist Sean Becker-Carmitchel was struck in the head by a tear-gas round and that “had it been two inches lower, he would have lost an eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The loss of a hero’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salazar was a columnist for the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> as well as the news director of a Spanish-language radio station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 29, 1970, he was covering a march in East Los Angeles by Latinos against the Vietnam War. As the protest grew more heated, sheriff’s deputies tried to disperse the crowds with tear gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar ducked into a bar called The Silver Dollar. A short time later, a deputy fired a 10-inch tear gas projectile through the curtained door of the establishment, striking Salazar in the head and killing him. The death was ultimately ruled accidental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643081\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11643081\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes.jpg\" alt=\"The Los Angeles Times building in downtown L.A.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1254\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-1020x666.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-1180x771.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-960x627.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-240x157.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-375x245.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/LATimes-520x340.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Los Angeles Times building in downtown L.A. \u003ccite>(Mae Ryan/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Retired journalist Frank Sotomayor joined the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em> in 1970, shortly after Salazar’s death. He had become an admirer of Salazar’s after relatives began sending him copies of his columns while he was stationed in Tokyo with the Army.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those columns led him to apply at the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The day I got out of the Army was the day he was killed,” Sotomayor told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was one of the few Latinos in journalism at the time … for the people who knew him, they were just stunned … that anything like this would happen.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“To me, it was the loss of a hero that I’d always wanted to meet and never had the opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sotomayor, who helped lead a \u003cem>Times\u003c/em> project on the Latino community and culture that won the 1984 Pulitzer Prize for public service and later worked on a 20th anniversary retrospective about Salazar’s death, noted that there are still questions surrounding the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still people who believe Ruben was killed on purpose,” he said. “I’ve never made my mind up whether it was on purpose or an accident, as the Sheriff’s Office called it. Why someone would fire a projectile of that type into a business … it seems like it’s beyond a coincidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sotomayor noted that the type of tear-gas canister that struck Salazar would not fit the description of a non-lethal projectile today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t discount the danger journalists face in trying to cover their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year was the deadliest year for journalists on record, with at least 124 killed in the line of duty, \u003ca href=\"https://cpj.org/special-reports/2024-is-deadliest-year-for-journalists-in-cpj-history-almost-70-percent-killed-by-israel/#:~:text=All%20of%20the%202024%20killings,See%20our%20methodology%20here.\">according to the Committee to Protect Journalists. \u003c/a>Most died while covering conflicts in Gaza, Ukraine and other parts of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/06/ruben-salazars-death-journalists-protests/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Officials have approved a five-year plan to spend close to $1 billion to boost Alameda County’s early childhood education system and bring much-needed relief for providers and parents struggling to keep pace with the high cost of child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county Board of Supervisors’ decision on Tuesday came after a yearslong battle over the validity of Measure C, a half-cent sales tax approved by voters in March 2020, right before COVID-19 hit and devastated the child care industry. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984169/state-court-upholds-alameda-county-tax-measure-yielding-hundreds-of-millions-for-child-care\">taxpayer group’s lawsuit\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12031853/fearing-legal-threats-alameda-county-supervisors-delay-spending-child-care-funds\">threat over the release of \u003c/a>some of the funds held up the money until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our parents, caregivers and teachers are relieved to receive safety and support from Measure C … it’s going to be such a huge relief for so many members of our community,” said Clarissa Doutherd, executive director of Parent Voices Oakland, who helped lead the effort to get the measure on the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she’s excited to see the money get into the hands of child care providers who are at risk of closing their doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An advisory council appointed by the supervisors has been holding public meetings and surveying families and child care providers to determine how to best use the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12039813\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12039813\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Attendees hold signs at the Day Without Childcare rally in front of the Federal Building in San José on May 12, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Once we have these precious resources, we want to make sure that we’re doing the best we can in service to families and communities in developing a plan and then implementing it to have the most impact,” said Kristin Spanos, CEO of First 5 Alameda County, which will administer the funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think it’s really crucial. This is foundational to the health of our communities and families and kids,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Alameda County, 90% of infants and toddlers who qualify for subsidized child care do not have access to it, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.first5alameda.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Measure-C-5-Year-Plan-June-2025.pdf\">a report by First 5\u003c/a>, which points to low pay as one of the main factors behind the shortage of child care providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that a child’s brain undergoes rapid development in the first five years of life, Spanos said it’s crucial to support the early education workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan calls for spending close to $190 million in the first year to provide emergency relief grants, ranging from $40,000 to $100,000, to home-based Family Child Care providers and child care centers. Providers of subsidized child care or those who are in a census tract with a 5% poverty rate qualify for the grants.[aside postID=news_12033209 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/20250325_TEACHERS-FOR-TK_DMB_00048-KQED-1020x680.jpg']A category of caregivers who work outside of the formal childcare system, called license-exempt Family, Friend and Neighbor, can also apply for $4,000 in grants now and $500 monthly vouchers the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spanos said providers can start applying for the grants, and they may receive the money as early as next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan also calls for funding subsidized child care slots for nearly 2,500 children, raising wages for early educators to at least $25 per hour, supporting their professional development and increasing apprenticeship programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ultimate goal is to improve young kids’ readiness for school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2008, assessments conducted by parents and educators have found that two out of three children in Alameda County were not ready for kindergarten. Because kindergarten readiness is linked to students’ achievements in later grades, Spanos hopes public investment in early care and education will boost children’s kindergarten readiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She noted that San Francisco, which has been using funds from a commercial rent tax to improve access to child care, has seen a\u003ca href=\"https://sfdec.org/annual-impact-report-2024/\">n increase in overall kindergarten readiness since 2021\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11929192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11929192\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"a young child in a colorful sweater works on an art project at preschool while a teacher helps\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A teacher works with students on an art project at Kids Connect Infant Care and Preschool in San Leandro. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We hope to do the same and are excited to be in service to families and young kids in Alameda County,” Spanos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure C is expected to raise about $150 million in tax revenue annually over the course of 20 years. But because the money has been accruing in a trust since 2020, First 5 expects to invest close to $1 billion in the next five years in the county’s early childhood education and care system. First 5 is also administering $30 million raised annually from \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/boards-commissions/childrens-initiative-oversight-commission\">an Oakland parcel tax\u003c/a>, approved by voters in 2018, to expand access to child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the dollars won’t be combined, First 5 will coordinate with the city of Oakland to ensure investments from both funds will make the most impact, Spanos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 20% of Measure C funds go toward improving access to pediatric health care. UCSF Benioff Children’s Oakland, which is the only pediatric trauma center in Alameda County, started receiving funds in April to increase staffing for complex surgeries and other trauma-related work, according to UCSF spokeswoman Jess Berthold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "Alameda County Supervisors Approve Long-Awaited Child Care Funding",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Officials have approved a five-year plan to spend close to $1 billion to boost Alameda County’s early childhood education system and bring much-needed relief for providers and parents struggling to keep pace with the high cost of child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county Board of Supervisors’ decision on Tuesday came after a yearslong battle over the validity of Measure C, a half-cent sales tax approved by voters in March 2020, right before COVID-19 hit and devastated the child care industry. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984169/state-court-upholds-alameda-county-tax-measure-yielding-hundreds-of-millions-for-child-care\">taxpayer group’s lawsuit\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12031853/fearing-legal-threats-alameda-county-supervisors-delay-spending-child-care-funds\">threat over the release of \u003c/a>some of the funds held up the money until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our parents, caregivers and teachers are relieved to receive safety and support from Measure C … it’s going to be such a huge relief for so many members of our community,” said Clarissa Doutherd, executive director of Parent Voices Oakland, who helped lead the effort to get the measure on the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she’s excited to see the money get into the hands of child care providers who are at risk of closing their doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An advisory council appointed by the supervisors has been holding public meetings and surveying families and child care providers to determine how to best use the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12039813\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12039813\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250512-DAY-WITHOUT-CHILDCARE-MD-04-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Attendees hold signs at the Day Without Childcare rally in front of the Federal Building in San José on May 12, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Once we have these precious resources, we want to make sure that we’re doing the best we can in service to families and communities in developing a plan and then implementing it to have the most impact,” said Kristin Spanos, CEO of First 5 Alameda County, which will administer the funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think it’s really crucial. This is foundational to the health of our communities and families and kids,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Alameda County, 90% of infants and toddlers who qualify for subsidized child care do not have access to it, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.first5alameda.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Measure-C-5-Year-Plan-June-2025.pdf\">a report by First 5\u003c/a>, which points to low pay as one of the main factors behind the shortage of child care providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that a child’s brain undergoes rapid development in the first five years of life, Spanos said it’s crucial to support the early education workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan calls for spending close to $190 million in the first year to provide emergency relief grants, ranging from $40,000 to $100,000, to home-based Family Child Care providers and child care centers. Providers of subsidized child care or those who are in a census tract with a 5% poverty rate qualify for the grants.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A category of caregivers who work outside of the formal childcare system, called license-exempt Family, Friend and Neighbor, can also apply for $4,000 in grants now and $500 monthly vouchers the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spanos said providers can start applying for the grants, and they may receive the money as early as next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan also calls for funding subsidized child care slots for nearly 2,500 children, raising wages for early educators to at least $25 per hour, supporting their professional development and increasing apprenticeship programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ultimate goal is to improve young kids’ readiness for school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2008, assessments conducted by parents and educators have found that two out of three children in Alameda County were not ready for kindergarten. Because kindergarten readiness is linked to students’ achievements in later grades, Spanos hopes public investment in early care and education will boost children’s kindergarten readiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She noted that San Francisco, which has been using funds from a commercial rent tax to improve access to child care, has seen a\u003ca href=\"https://sfdec.org/annual-impact-report-2024/\">n increase in overall kindergarten readiness since 2021\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11929192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11929192\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"a young child in a colorful sweater works on an art project at preschool while a teacher helps\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS52303_021_SanLeandro_KidConnectPreschool_10222021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A teacher works with students on an art project at Kids Connect Infant Care and Preschool in San Leandro. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We hope to do the same and are excited to be in service to families and young kids in Alameda County,” Spanos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure C is expected to raise about $150 million in tax revenue annually over the course of 20 years. But because the money has been accruing in a trust since 2020, First 5 expects to invest close to $1 billion in the next five years in the county’s early childhood education and care system. First 5 is also administering $30 million raised annually from \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/boards-commissions/childrens-initiative-oversight-commission\">an Oakland parcel tax\u003c/a>, approved by voters in 2018, to expand access to child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the dollars won’t be combined, First 5 will coordinate with the city of Oakland to ensure investments from both funds will make the most impact, Spanos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 20% of Measure C funds go toward improving access to pediatric health care. UCSF Benioff Children’s Oakland, which is the only pediatric trauma center in Alameda County, started receiving funds in April to increase staffing for complex surgeries and other trauma-related work, according to UCSF spokeswoman Jess Berthold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"onourwatch": {
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
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