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"content": "\u003cp>Talking about schools is a reliable applause line for Republican candidates. In Cedar Rapids, Iowa, former President Donald Trump got a roar of approval when he talked about race and sexuality in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On day one, I will sign a new executive order to cut federal funding for any school pushing critical race theory, transgender insanity and other inappropriate racial, sexual or political content on our children,” he pledged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools are even more central to Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis’s campaign, and he used the topic to fire up the crowd in November at the Machine Shed restaurant in Davenport, Iowa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the father of a six, five and a three-year-old, I believe that kids should be able to go to school, watch cartoons, just be kids without having an agenda shoved down their throat,” he said, to cheers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue of how gender and race are taught in schools has been a major focus for Republican candidates this entire campaign cycle, even while the issue may not really drive votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it’s hard to really tell how much voters care about the topic. When pollsters ask Republican voters their top priorities, the economy tends to come out on top. Immigration is also up there. Foreign policy, sometimes. Often, education is toward the bottom, if it ranks at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People confuse the yelling for the priorities. They confuse passion for prioritization,” said Frank Luntz, a Republican strategist who has conducted many voter focus groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, transgender and all of that gets people to yell. But that’s not what people really care about,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A one-size-fits-all issue\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>First, an important distinction: in this primary, talking about schools and talking about education are often different things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of the Republicans’ campaign rhetoric hasn’t been about student achievement, school choice or standardized testing. Rather, it’s about playing out culture wars on the battleground of K-12 schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while that may not be the issue pushing voters toward one candidate or another, \u003cem>schools\u003c/em> nevertheless play an important role for candidates. The topic of schools is a powerful tool for the candidates to tell voters the story of who they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, for example, uses the topic of schools as a way of telling his crowds that so-called “political correctness” and “wokeism” have gone too far. His argument is that he is the man to stop the excesses of what he calls “the radical left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis takes a similar tack, but leans into the issue harder than Trump, using it as an opportunity to tell voters about his record as governor of Florida — to show them that he’s doing the work of reining in liberals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that Davenport speech, for example, he laid out his record: “We enacted a parent’s bill of rights. We protected women’s sports in Florida. We banned the transgender surgeries for the minor kids in Florida. We enacted universal school choice. We eliminated the ideology, the CRT and the gender ideology in schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For former South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley, it’s about presenting herself as no-nonsense, as well as emphasizing her role as the sole woman in the Republican field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a stump speech in Waukee, Iowa this month, Haley did address weaknesses in the U.S. education system: “Only 31% of eighth graders are proficient in reading. Thirty-one percent. Only 27% of eighth graders are proficient in math. We don’t do something about this, we’re going to be in a world of hurt ten years from now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also later stressed transgender girls playing girls’ sports — a topic she has called “the women’s issue of our time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Strong girls become strong women. Strong women become strong leaders. None of that happens if you have biological boys playing in women’s sports. We’ve got to cut that out,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That line got big applause.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Too much emphasis on schools (not enough on education)?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Focusing on cultural issues in schools may fire up the base, but to Luntz, talking about actual educational achievement could win more voters. Luntz points to DeSantis as the candidate he thinks is getting this the most wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s using it as a surrogate for the culture wars, and that’s not the way to approach education. The public wants to take partisan politics out of education,” Luntz explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of Republican candidates talking about schools goes back to school closures during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, says Luntz. In addition to worrying about learning loss, parents also got a view of school curricula, and some didn’t like what they saw — whether it was about culture or simply about how reading and math were taught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of that may be true, but according to Heather Harding, schools also got weaponized for political purposes. Harding is educational director of the Campaign for Our Shared Future, which focuses on equity in education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think that the nation went through a very challenging time during the global pandemic,” she said. “I think that the political strategists then leveraged that fear and discontent to really gin up a lot of things in misinformation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Strong opinions, but bigger worries\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In conversations with Iowa voters over the last few months, few brought up education or schools as a top priority. However, when asked about the issue directly, many did have strong opinions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Meggers is a farmer who came out to see Trump in Davenport in September. He said the price of fuel is his top concern. But when asked about schools, he talked about working with other parents to influence this local district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re tough on our school board down there on different such situations,” he explained. “One thing was, you know, the books in school and stuff like that. And we we were one of the first ones down there to get our kids out of masks, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori Tiangco was volunteering for DeSantis at a November rally in Des Moines. Unlike Meggers – and many Republican voters – cultural issues in schools are a top priority for her. She spoke about her grandson and how his parents reacted to the school’s teaching about LGBT issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They pulled him out and homeschooled him because they didn’t want that be enforced on them, which goes against our, you know, the Christian moral values that we have,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a wide range of opinions. At a recent Nikki Haley event in Clear Lake, Stacey Doughan – the president of the city’s Chamber of Commerce – said the focus on culture war issues leaves her cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that when you take it down to race and gender, you’re really missing the point,” she said. “Whatever we need to do to make it so our kids are able to go to school, to enjoy going to school and to learn what they need to learn to be competitive in an international market today is what’s really important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, that Haley event had at least one voter who disagrees on a key Republican culture war issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is my only point of contention that I have with her,” said Michelle Garland, a psychology professor at nearby Waldorf University, of Haley. “The suicide rate among gay teens is the highest of all groups, and they have a right to be called by whatever gender they prefer to be called by. It’s not our business to tell somebody who they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes Garland unusual among GOP primary voters. But then, this is the thing about prioritization – trans kids aren’t her top priority. Israel is. And she likes where Haley stands on Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, Garland is, simply put, a Nikki Haley superfan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I fell in love with Nikki the first time she spoke from the U.N.,” she remembered. “And then when she announced she was running for president, it just made my day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to the extent that Haley is using education to tell voters who she is, voters like Garland don’t need to hear it. Garland already liked her from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+schools+%28but+not+necessarily+education%29+became+central+to+the+Republican+primary&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Talking about schools is a reliable applause line for Republican candidates. In Cedar Rapids, Iowa, former President Donald Trump got a roar of approval when he talked about race and sexuality in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On day one, I will sign a new executive order to cut federal funding for any school pushing critical race theory, transgender insanity and other inappropriate racial, sexual or political content on our children,” he pledged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools are even more central to Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis’s campaign, and he used the topic to fire up the crowd in November at the Machine Shed restaurant in Davenport, Iowa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the father of a six, five and a three-year-old, I believe that kids should be able to go to school, watch cartoons, just be kids without having an agenda shoved down their throat,” he said, to cheers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue of how gender and race are taught in schools has been a major focus for Republican candidates this entire campaign cycle, even while the issue may not really drive votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it’s hard to really tell how much voters care about the topic. When pollsters ask Republican voters their top priorities, the economy tends to come out on top. Immigration is also up there. Foreign policy, sometimes. Often, education is toward the bottom, if it ranks at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People confuse the yelling for the priorities. They confuse passion for prioritization,” said Frank Luntz, a Republican strategist who has conducted many voter focus groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, transgender and all of that gets people to yell. But that’s not what people really care about,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A one-size-fits-all issue\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>First, an important distinction: in this primary, talking about schools and talking about education are often different things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of the Republicans’ campaign rhetoric hasn’t been about student achievement, school choice or standardized testing. Rather, it’s about playing out culture wars on the battleground of K-12 schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while that may not be the issue pushing voters toward one candidate or another, \u003cem>schools\u003c/em> nevertheless play an important role for candidates. The topic of schools is a powerful tool for the candidates to tell voters the story of who they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, for example, uses the topic of schools as a way of telling his crowds that so-called “political correctness” and “wokeism” have gone too far. His argument is that he is the man to stop the excesses of what he calls “the radical left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis takes a similar tack, but leans into the issue harder than Trump, using it as an opportunity to tell voters about his record as governor of Florida — to show them that he’s doing the work of reining in liberals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that Davenport speech, for example, he laid out his record: “We enacted a parent’s bill of rights. We protected women’s sports in Florida. We banned the transgender surgeries for the minor kids in Florida. We enacted universal school choice. We eliminated the ideology, the CRT and the gender ideology in schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For former South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley, it’s about presenting herself as no-nonsense, as well as emphasizing her role as the sole woman in the Republican field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a stump speech in Waukee, Iowa this month, Haley did address weaknesses in the U.S. education system: “Only 31% of eighth graders are proficient in reading. Thirty-one percent. Only 27% of eighth graders are proficient in math. We don’t do something about this, we’re going to be in a world of hurt ten years from now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also later stressed transgender girls playing girls’ sports — a topic she has called “the women’s issue of our time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Strong girls become strong women. Strong women become strong leaders. None of that happens if you have biological boys playing in women’s sports. We’ve got to cut that out,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That line got big applause.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Too much emphasis on schools (not enough on education)?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Focusing on cultural issues in schools may fire up the base, but to Luntz, talking about actual educational achievement could win more voters. Luntz points to DeSantis as the candidate he thinks is getting this the most wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s using it as a surrogate for the culture wars, and that’s not the way to approach education. The public wants to take partisan politics out of education,” Luntz explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of Republican candidates talking about schools goes back to school closures during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, says Luntz. In addition to worrying about learning loss, parents also got a view of school curricula, and some didn’t like what they saw — whether it was about culture or simply about how reading and math were taught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of that may be true, but according to Heather Harding, schools also got weaponized for political purposes. Harding is educational director of the Campaign for Our Shared Future, which focuses on equity in education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think that the nation went through a very challenging time during the global pandemic,” she said. “I think that the political strategists then leveraged that fear and discontent to really gin up a lot of things in misinformation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Strong opinions, but bigger worries\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In conversations with Iowa voters over the last few months, few brought up education or schools as a top priority. However, when asked about the issue directly, many did have strong opinions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Meggers is a farmer who came out to see Trump in Davenport in September. He said the price of fuel is his top concern. But when asked about schools, he talked about working with other parents to influence this local district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re tough on our school board down there on different such situations,” he explained. “One thing was, you know, the books in school and stuff like that. And we we were one of the first ones down there to get our kids out of masks, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori Tiangco was volunteering for DeSantis at a November rally in Des Moines. Unlike Meggers – and many Republican voters – cultural issues in schools are a top priority for her. She spoke about her grandson and how his parents reacted to the school’s teaching about LGBT issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They pulled him out and homeschooled him because they didn’t want that be enforced on them, which goes against our, you know, the Christian moral values that we have,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a wide range of opinions. At a recent Nikki Haley event in Clear Lake, Stacey Doughan – the president of the city’s Chamber of Commerce – said the focus on culture war issues leaves her cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that when you take it down to race and gender, you’re really missing the point,” she said. “Whatever we need to do to make it so our kids are able to go to school, to enjoy going to school and to learn what they need to learn to be competitive in an international market today is what’s really important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, that Haley event had at least one voter who disagrees on a key Republican culture war issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is my only point of contention that I have with her,” said Michelle Garland, a psychology professor at nearby Waldorf University, of Haley. “The suicide rate among gay teens is the highest of all groups, and they have a right to be called by whatever gender they prefer to be called by. It’s not our business to tell somebody who they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes Garland unusual among GOP primary voters. But then, this is the thing about prioritization – trans kids aren’t her top priority. Israel is. And she likes where Haley stands on Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, Garland is, simply put, a Nikki Haley superfan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I fell in love with Nikki the first time she spoke from the U.N.,” she remembered. “And then when she announced she was running for president, it just made my day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to the extent that Haley is using education to tell voters who she is, voters like Garland don’t need to hear it. Garland already liked her from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+schools+%28but+not+necessarily+education%29+became+central+to+the+Republican+primary&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The College Board has released the updated framework for its AP African American Studies course, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1151725129/florida-advanced-placement-african-american-studies-backlash\">embroiled in controversy\u003c/a> earlier this year following criticism from Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis and state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board — which offers Advanced Placement courses that can help high school students earn college credit — \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.collegeboard.org/advanced-placement-program-releases-revised-african-american-studies-framework\">said\u003c/a> Wednesday that it arrived at the newest version of the course framework after “intense public debate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new framework is intended to be used when the course officially launches in the 2024-2025 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This course is a vibrant introduction to a dynamic field that offers a broader perspective,” Brandi Waters, senior director and program manager of African American Studies in the Advanced Placement Program, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the course I wish I had in high school,” Waters added. “I hope every interested student has the opportunity to take it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Months back, Florida’s Department of Education \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/22/1150259944/florida-rejects-ap-class-african-american-studies\">rejected the course\u003c/a>, with state officials claiming that it had a “political agenda” that would indoctrinate students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board revised the curriculum in February, but that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/01/1153434464/college-boards-revised-ap-african-american-studies-course-draws-new-criticism\">drew criticism too\u003c/a>, including from those who accused the educational body of caving to the demands of the conservative governor, who is now running for president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-african-american-studies-course-framework.pdf\">new framework\u003c/a> released this week excludes some topics that DeSantis had criticized, such as the Black queer experience, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/education/article282715468.html\">\u003cem>Miami Herald\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also includes a mention of former San Francisco 49ers quarterback \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/08/10/542562923/he-took-a-knee-on-the-field-in-protest-now-he-has-no-team\">Colin Kaepernick’s protest of police brutality\u003c/a> during the national anthem, as well as a reference to Black Lives Matter as an example of optional further study in the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office deferred comment to the Florida Department of Education, which did not immediately respond to NPR’s request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 13,000 students in 700 schools across the U.S. are currently \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/28/1119862835/a-teacher-pilots-new-african-american-studies-ap-course\">piloting \u003c/a>the course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+College+Board+releases+a+new+framework+for+its+AP+African+American+Studies+course&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The College Board has released the updated framework for its AP African American Studies course, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1151725129/florida-advanced-placement-african-american-studies-backlash\">embroiled in controversy\u003c/a> earlier this year following criticism from Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis and state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board — which offers Advanced Placement courses that can help high school students earn college credit — \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.collegeboard.org/advanced-placement-program-releases-revised-african-american-studies-framework\">said\u003c/a> Wednesday that it arrived at the newest version of the course framework after “intense public debate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new framework is intended to be used when the course officially launches in the 2024-2025 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This course is a vibrant introduction to a dynamic field that offers a broader perspective,” Brandi Waters, senior director and program manager of African American Studies in the Advanced Placement Program, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the course I wish I had in high school,” Waters added. “I hope every interested student has the opportunity to take it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Months back, Florida’s Department of Education \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/22/1150259944/florida-rejects-ap-class-african-american-studies\">rejected the course\u003c/a>, with state officials claiming that it had a “political agenda” that would indoctrinate students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board revised the curriculum in February, but that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/01/1153434464/college-boards-revised-ap-african-american-studies-course-draws-new-criticism\">drew criticism too\u003c/a>, including from those who accused the educational body of caving to the demands of the conservative governor, who is now running for president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-african-american-studies-course-framework.pdf\">new framework\u003c/a> released this week excludes some topics that DeSantis had criticized, such as the Black queer experience, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/education/article282715468.html\">\u003cem>Miami Herald\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also includes a mention of former San Francisco 49ers quarterback \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/08/10/542562923/he-took-a-knee-on-the-field-in-protest-now-he-has-no-team\">Colin Kaepernick’s protest of police brutality\u003c/a> during the national anthem, as well as a reference to Black Lives Matter as an example of optional further study in the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office deferred comment to the Florida Department of Education, which did not immediately respond to NPR’s request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 13,000 students in 700 schools across the U.S. are currently \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/28/1119862835/a-teacher-pilots-new-african-american-studies-ap-course\">piloting \u003c/a>the course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+College+Board+releases+a+new+framework+for+its+AP+African+American+Studies+course&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Poll: Americans say teachers are underpaid, about half of Republicans oppose book bans",
"headTitle": "Poll: Americans say teachers are underpaid, about half of Republicans oppose book bans | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>We’ve all seen the headlines – about \u003ca href=\"https://pen.org/report/banned-usa-growing-movement-to-censor-books-in-schools/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">book bans\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kgw.com/article/news/education/salem-keizer-school-board-meeting-shouting-hate-speech/283-9f697da7-d326-464f-afb7-ffeefe6806d0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">school board shoutfests\u003c/a> and new laws to limit how teachers can \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/19/politics/florida-bans-teaching-gender-identity-sexual-orientation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">talk about gender identity\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/map-where-critical-race-theory-is-under-attack/2021/06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">racism\u003c/a>. America is deeply divided, and those fissures are ripping through classrooms – with teachers trapped straddling the chasms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But are parents, teachers and the public feeling as divided as the headlines make it seem?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pair of new, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/americans-trust-teachers-some-still-want-parents-be-primary-voices-whats-taught\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nationally-representative NPR/Ipsos polls\u003c/a> reveals division, to be sure: A majority of Republican parents worry broadly about what children are being taught, compared to a minority of Democratic parents. There’s also division \u003cem>within\u003c/em> the Republican Party around how to address that worry and whether banning books or restricting teachers is appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a surprising consensus among the general public too: a sweeping respect for teachers and broad agreement that they’re overworked and should be better paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One poll, of the general public, included 1,316 respondents with an oversampling of K-12 parents (452); the other surveyed 510 K-12 teachers. We sorted through the results and smooshed them thematically into a handful of the most interesting takeaways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we start, a reminder: Polling is a butter knife not a scalpel, and the margins of error here are worth keeping in mind: +/- 3.0 percentage points at the 95% confidence level for all general public respondents, +/- 4.8 percentage points for K-12 parents, and +/- 5.0 for K-12 teachers. Now then:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. Parents, teachers and the general public agree: Educators are overworked and underpaid\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just 19% of teachers surveyed believe they are paid fairly, and 93% say they’re asked to do too much for the pay they receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to help support teachers as much as we can so that the good ones aren’t burning out and, you know, finding waitressing jobs because they can either get more money or they just don’t want to deal with it,” says Sylvia Gonzales, a longtime teacher in the Dallas area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surprise here isn’t that teachers think they’re underpaid; it’s that much of the public agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 22% of the general public believe teachers are paid fairly, and three-quarters (75%) say teachers are “asked to do too much work for the pay they receive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if they’re getting paid a million dollars, they’re not getting paid what they’re worth,” says Mike Kerr, a registered Republican and father of two children attending public schools near Fort Collins, Colo. “I can’t even tell you, like, I hold teachers in such high regard. Every single one of my kids’ teachers, from kindergarten now through seventh grade, I have absolutely adored.\u003cem>“\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With nearly half of public schools \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/whatsnew/press_releases/12_6_2022.asp?utm_content=&utm_medium=email&utm_name=&utm_source=govdelivery&utm_term=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">having at least one teacher vacancy\u003c/a> at the beginning of this school year, the fact that three-quarters of survey respondents now agree teachers are overworked and nearly 7 in 10 say they are underpaid doesn’t bode well \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/22/1160371732/teacher-shortages-mississippi-education-job-fair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">for local and regional teacher shortages.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Kerr, most parents and the general public – 90% – also say they believe “teaching is a worthwhile profession that deserves respect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little surprise, though, that two-thirds (66%) of parents admit they would be “concerned” about their child’s financial future if they wanted to become a teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. Americans \u003cem>say\u003c/em> they trust teachers to make classroom decisions, but it’s complicated\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With all the stories these days, about parents and activists challenging teachers over a host of classroom issues, you might think trust in teachers is low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you’d be wrong. Three-quarters of parents – and the general public – agree “teachers are professionals who should be trusted to make decisions about classroom curriculum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This question of trust is complicated though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked who should be \u003cem>primarily\u003c/em> responsible for decisions about what is taught in public schools, respondents splintered dramatically, with the public and parents broadly aligned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty percent say teachers should be primarily responsible, while about 27% side with parents and about 26% side with school boards. What should we make of this wild variation?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the abstract, people trust teachers,” says Mallory Newall, a vice president at Ipsos, but Republicans and Republican parents “are showing some signs of concern.\u003cem>“\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, just 15% of Republicans overall say teachers should be \u003cem>primarily\u003c/em> responsible for what’s taught in schools; 48% say that power should fall to parents. For Democrats, the dynamic flips: 46% say teachers should be \u003cem>primarily\u003c/em> responsible while just 9% think parents should.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we asked teachers who \u003cem>they\u003c/em> think should be primarily responsible for decisions about what is taught, perhaps unsurprisingly, 60% side with their fellow teachers, while just 15% defer to school boards and even fewer, 10%, side with parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>3. Republicans appear divided over political intervention in education\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Republican officials in many states, including Florida, Iowa, Texas, Arizona, Oklahoma and Georgia, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ecs.org/state-education-policy-tracking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have waged pitched battles\u003c/a> over what can and cannot be discussed in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, for example, lawmakers and Gov. Ron DeSantis have \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/desantis-florida-lgbtq-education-health-c68a7e5fe5cf22ab8cca324b00644119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">led a handful of controversial incursions\u003c/a> into state education policy, threatening teachers who cross new legal lines in conversations about race, racism and gender identity with students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be clear, many parents \u003cem>do \u003c/em>feel anxious about what’s going on in classrooms. Sixty-five percent of Republican parents and 46% of Independent parents say they’re worried about what their child is being taught or will be taught. Just 30% of Democrats who are parents share that concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this new NPR/Ipsos poll of parents and the public suggests Republicans are divided over efforts to put that worry into action by controlling what happens inside classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to state lawmakers “creating policies to restrict what subjects teachers and students can discuss,” 38% of Republicans are onboard, while 49% are opposed. At the same time, nearly half (48%) of Republicans approve of \u003cem>school boards\u003c/em> limiting what subjects teachers and students can discuss, while 39% are opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Odunayo Ajayi, a parent in Maryland, supports efforts \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/19/politics/florida-bans-teaching-gender-identity-sexual-orientation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to prevent teachers from discussing gender identity\u003c/a> with students. He worries giving kids too much access to information, too much educational liberty, can overwhelm them. For example, if young people are told that gender is fluid, that “you can be whatever you want to be,” Ajayi says, “that is too much liberty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s clear in the poll data and interviews that some Republican respondents feel differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really tying [teachers’] hands,” says Amanda Hickerson, a Republican parent in southeast Virginia. “I wouldn’t go to my mechanic and tell him how to fix my car… So why are we doing this to our teachers? It just doesn’t make any sense to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our NPR/Ipsos survey of teachers, educators say they feel the same. Ninety-three percent believe teachers are professionals who should be trusted to make decisions about classroom curriculum. Several veteran teachers tell NPR they feel hamstrung by federal, state and local officials, usually non-educators, telling them what they can and cannot do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first started teaching, teachers had a great deal more autonomy in their classrooms. I believe that [they] were treated more as professionals, recognized as experts in their field,” says Leeann Bennett, who has been teaching for more than two decades and now works in an alternative middle school on the Oregon coast, a job she says she loves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bennett says current efforts to limit teachers miss the whole point of teaching:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help children learn \u003cem>how\u003c/em> to think, not \u003cem>what\u003c/em> to think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always let [my students] know, ‘I’m not trying to make you think like I do,’ ” Bennett says. ” ‘I’m trying to help you figure out what \u003cem>you\u003c/em> think.’ And when teachers get hamstrung… this is a disservice to our democracy and it’s certainly a disservice to growing minds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Lone, a veteran teacher outside Milwaukee, takes particular issue with efforts in other states \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/19/politics/florida-bans-teaching-gender-identity-sexual-orientation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to prevent teachers from discussing sexuality and gender identity\u003c/a> with their students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lone is openly gay but didn’t come out until he was 39.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know the loneliness and despair that many of our students who are part of the LGBT community experience on a daily basis,” Lone says. “All it takes is one teacher… to be a beacon of hope for that child, and that child will flourish. And if we can’t be that beacon of hope, then we have done a disservice to the teaching profession. We have done a disservice to humanity. And we really ought to be ashamed of ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. Democrats, Independents \u003cem>and Republicans\u003c/em> oppose book bans\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When it comes to state lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://pen.org/report/americas-censored-classrooms/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">removing certain books from schools\u003c/a>, such bans have the support of just 5% of Democrats, 16% of Independents and 35% of Republicans. Fifty-two percent of Republicans oppose such efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything that depicts pornography should be removed. That’s not part of a public school,” says Heather Randell, who homeschools her 13-year-old son in the Dallas area. Randell identifies as a conservative-leaning Christian, and says “anything that is displaying actual sex acts, outside of a \u003cem>National Geographic\u003c/em> special on reproduction, should not be in a library.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Randell disagrees with broader efforts to ban books based on their treatment of race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of books that I think that are politically charged or race charged,” Randell says. “Those do not offend me at all because that opens up a kid’s mind one way or the other. I’m OK with opening up their minds. Just don’t do sex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Republicans are more likely to support local school boards doing the banning – 41% versus just 7% of Democrats and 21% of Independents – 46% of Republicans still oppose such efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerr, the Colorado Republican, says, “as a child growing up, a lot of the books that I read, maybe I didn’t enjoy them, but I was forced to read them. But they opened my eyes to the world\u003cem>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Native Son\u003c/em> by Richard Wright, for example, “a book that’s probably no longer allowed in schools, but it really opened my eyes, coming from where I grew up in a farming community to a city with other races and other cultures,” Kerr says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the subject of gender identity, several Republican respondents tell NPR they worry that efforts to limit what teachers can say – as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/19/politics/florida-bans-teaching-gender-identity-sexual-orientation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one new Florida policy\u003c/a> does – sends the wrong message to children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just playing into teaching kids that, you know, somebody is different. Let’s get rid of them,” says Stephanie, a mother of four children in the Chicago area and a registered Republican. “I just think the better thing to do would be to teach kids about different people and how to accept everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephanie asked that we not use her last name because many in her community disagree with her views, and she worries her comments could hurt her family.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. Public perception of teachers has gotten worse\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Half the general public in our NPR/Ipsos poll say the public’s \u003cem>perceptions\u003c/em> of teachers have gotten worse in the last 10 years. But it’s hard to know what to make of that. Keep in mind, these are the same respondents who say, overwhelmingly, that teachers deserve respect and aren’t paid fairly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So support for teachers among \u003cem>individual\u003c/em> respondents is strong – quite strong – even as many believe the \u003cem>broader public’s\u003c/em> perception of them has gotten worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers themselves tell a similar story. Seventy-three percent say the public’s perception of them has gotten worse over the last decade, and 66% say their working conditions have worsened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As something of a surprise, teachers are slightly more likely than the general public (46% vs. 41%) to say the quality of public education in their area has also gotten worse in the last 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What explains all this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newall, at Ipsos, has one theory: The bitterness of the classroom culture wars – led by an outspoken minority of politicians, parents and activists, who, our poll suggests, may not speak for a majority of Republicans, let alone a majority of Americans – may be poisoning the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really this focus, I think, on some of the most extreme voices that has made teachers feel persecuted or feel like their job has gotten harder,” Newall says, “and that’s not how the vast majority of the American public feels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a recent review of 1,000-plus requests to remove books from schools during the 2021-’22 school year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/05/23/lgbtq-book-ban-challengers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post found\u003c/a> the majority were filed by 11 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>6. Most teachers don’t regret teaching\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ending on a slightly more hopeful note, 80% of teachers surveyed say they’re happy they became teachers – despite widespread agreement that they’re underpaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How do you reconcile that happiness with so much bad news?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, 95% of teachers surveyed say they became teachers because they wanted “to do good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many, teaching is a passion. That was clear in our polling five years ago,” Newall says, referring to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/05/02/605757547/unionized-or-not-teachers-struggle-to-make-ends-meet-npr-ipsos-poll-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR/Ipsos teacher poll from 2018\u003c/a>. “They know it’s a hard job and they feel that the public’s views of their job have only gotten worse over time. And yet they still love the job and would choose to do it again. And that’s passion\u003cem>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon teacher Leeann Bennett says she’s left teaching, several times, but keeps coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home every single day just emotionally wiped out because I am on point for seven and a half hours with kids, and I don’t get a break,” Bennett says, but it’s also deeply \u003cem>fulfilling\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My job is fantastic,” Bennett says. “I love [it.]”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Edited by: Nicole Cohen\u003cbr>\nVisual design and data graphics by: LA Johnson and Alyson Hurt\u003cbr>\nReporting contributed by: Janet W. Lee\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Poll%3A+Americans+say+teachers+are+underpaid%2C+about+half+of+Republicans+oppose+book+bans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Are parents, teachers and the public feeling as divided as the headlines make it seem? A pair of new NPR/Ipsos polls reveals division, to be sure, but also surprising consensus.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We’ve all seen the headlines – about \u003ca href=\"https://pen.org/report/banned-usa-growing-movement-to-censor-books-in-schools/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">book bans\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kgw.com/article/news/education/salem-keizer-school-board-meeting-shouting-hate-speech/283-9f697da7-d326-464f-afb7-ffeefe6806d0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">school board shoutfests\u003c/a> and new laws to limit how teachers can \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/19/politics/florida-bans-teaching-gender-identity-sexual-orientation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">talk about gender identity\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/map-where-critical-race-theory-is-under-attack/2021/06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">racism\u003c/a>. America is deeply divided, and those fissures are ripping through classrooms – with teachers trapped straddling the chasms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But are parents, teachers and the public feeling as divided as the headlines make it seem?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pair of new, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/americans-trust-teachers-some-still-want-parents-be-primary-voices-whats-taught\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nationally-representative NPR/Ipsos polls\u003c/a> reveals division, to be sure: A majority of Republican parents worry broadly about what children are being taught, compared to a minority of Democratic parents. There’s also division \u003cem>within\u003c/em> the Republican Party around how to address that worry and whether banning books or restricting teachers is appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a surprising consensus among the general public too: a sweeping respect for teachers and broad agreement that they’re overworked and should be better paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One poll, of the general public, included 1,316 respondents with an oversampling of K-12 parents (452); the other surveyed 510 K-12 teachers. We sorted through the results and smooshed them thematically into a handful of the most interesting takeaways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we start, a reminder: Polling is a butter knife not a scalpel, and the margins of error here are worth keeping in mind: +/- 3.0 percentage points at the 95% confidence level for all general public respondents, +/- 4.8 percentage points for K-12 parents, and +/- 5.0 for K-12 teachers. Now then:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. Parents, teachers and the general public agree: Educators are overworked and underpaid\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just 19% of teachers surveyed believe they are paid fairly, and 93% say they’re asked to do too much for the pay they receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to help support teachers as much as we can so that the good ones aren’t burning out and, you know, finding waitressing jobs because they can either get more money or they just don’t want to deal with it,” says Sylvia Gonzales, a longtime teacher in the Dallas area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surprise here isn’t that teachers think they’re underpaid; it’s that much of the public agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 22% of the general public believe teachers are paid fairly, and three-quarters (75%) say teachers are “asked to do too much work for the pay they receive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if they’re getting paid a million dollars, they’re not getting paid what they’re worth,” says Mike Kerr, a registered Republican and father of two children attending public schools near Fort Collins, Colo. “I can’t even tell you, like, I hold teachers in such high regard. Every single one of my kids’ teachers, from kindergarten now through seventh grade, I have absolutely adored.\u003cem>“\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With nearly half of public schools \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/whatsnew/press_releases/12_6_2022.asp?utm_content=&utm_medium=email&utm_name=&utm_source=govdelivery&utm_term=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">having at least one teacher vacancy\u003c/a> at the beginning of this school year, the fact that three-quarters of survey respondents now agree teachers are overworked and nearly 7 in 10 say they are underpaid doesn’t bode well \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/22/1160371732/teacher-shortages-mississippi-education-job-fair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">for local and regional teacher shortages.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Kerr, most parents and the general public – 90% – also say they believe “teaching is a worthwhile profession that deserves respect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little surprise, though, that two-thirds (66%) of parents admit they would be “concerned” about their child’s financial future if they wanted to become a teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. Americans \u003cem>say\u003c/em> they trust teachers to make classroom decisions, but it’s complicated\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With all the stories these days, about parents and activists challenging teachers over a host of classroom issues, you might think trust in teachers is low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you’d be wrong. Three-quarters of parents – and the general public – agree “teachers are professionals who should be trusted to make decisions about classroom curriculum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This question of trust is complicated though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked who should be \u003cem>primarily\u003c/em> responsible for decisions about what is taught in public schools, respondents splintered dramatically, with the public and parents broadly aligned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty percent say teachers should be primarily responsible, while about 27% side with parents and about 26% side with school boards. What should we make of this wild variation?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the abstract, people trust teachers,” says Mallory Newall, a vice president at Ipsos, but Republicans and Republican parents “are showing some signs of concern.\u003cem>“\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, just 15% of Republicans overall say teachers should be \u003cem>primarily\u003c/em> responsible for what’s taught in schools; 48% say that power should fall to parents. For Democrats, the dynamic flips: 46% say teachers should be \u003cem>primarily\u003c/em> responsible while just 9% think parents should.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we asked teachers who \u003cem>they\u003c/em> think should be primarily responsible for decisions about what is taught, perhaps unsurprisingly, 60% side with their fellow teachers, while just 15% defer to school boards and even fewer, 10%, side with parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>3. Republicans appear divided over political intervention in education\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Republican officials in many states, including Florida, Iowa, Texas, Arizona, Oklahoma and Georgia, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ecs.org/state-education-policy-tracking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have waged pitched battles\u003c/a> over what can and cannot be discussed in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, for example, lawmakers and Gov. Ron DeSantis have \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/desantis-florida-lgbtq-education-health-c68a7e5fe5cf22ab8cca324b00644119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">led a handful of controversial incursions\u003c/a> into state education policy, threatening teachers who cross new legal lines in conversations about race, racism and gender identity with students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be clear, many parents \u003cem>do \u003c/em>feel anxious about what’s going on in classrooms. Sixty-five percent of Republican parents and 46% of Independent parents say they’re worried about what their child is being taught or will be taught. Just 30% of Democrats who are parents share that concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this new NPR/Ipsos poll of parents and the public suggests Republicans are divided over efforts to put that worry into action by controlling what happens inside classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to state lawmakers “creating policies to restrict what subjects teachers and students can discuss,” 38% of Republicans are onboard, while 49% are opposed. At the same time, nearly half (48%) of Republicans approve of \u003cem>school boards\u003c/em> limiting what subjects teachers and students can discuss, while 39% are opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Odunayo Ajayi, a parent in Maryland, supports efforts \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/19/politics/florida-bans-teaching-gender-identity-sexual-orientation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to prevent teachers from discussing gender identity\u003c/a> with students. He worries giving kids too much access to information, too much educational liberty, can overwhelm them. For example, if young people are told that gender is fluid, that “you can be whatever you want to be,” Ajayi says, “that is too much liberty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s clear in the poll data and interviews that some Republican respondents feel differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really tying [teachers’] hands,” says Amanda Hickerson, a Republican parent in southeast Virginia. “I wouldn’t go to my mechanic and tell him how to fix my car… So why are we doing this to our teachers? It just doesn’t make any sense to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our NPR/Ipsos survey of teachers, educators say they feel the same. Ninety-three percent believe teachers are professionals who should be trusted to make decisions about classroom curriculum. Several veteran teachers tell NPR they feel hamstrung by federal, state and local officials, usually non-educators, telling them what they can and cannot do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first started teaching, teachers had a great deal more autonomy in their classrooms. I believe that [they] were treated more as professionals, recognized as experts in their field,” says Leeann Bennett, who has been teaching for more than two decades and now works in an alternative middle school on the Oregon coast, a job she says she loves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bennett says current efforts to limit teachers miss the whole point of teaching:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help children learn \u003cem>how\u003c/em> to think, not \u003cem>what\u003c/em> to think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always let [my students] know, ‘I’m not trying to make you think like I do,’ ” Bennett says. ” ‘I’m trying to help you figure out what \u003cem>you\u003c/em> think.’ And when teachers get hamstrung… this is a disservice to our democracy and it’s certainly a disservice to growing minds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Lone, a veteran teacher outside Milwaukee, takes particular issue with efforts in other states \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/19/politics/florida-bans-teaching-gender-identity-sexual-orientation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to prevent teachers from discussing sexuality and gender identity\u003c/a> with their students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lone is openly gay but didn’t come out until he was 39.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know the loneliness and despair that many of our students who are part of the LGBT community experience on a daily basis,” Lone says. “All it takes is one teacher… to be a beacon of hope for that child, and that child will flourish. And if we can’t be that beacon of hope, then we have done a disservice to the teaching profession. We have done a disservice to humanity. And we really ought to be ashamed of ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. Democrats, Independents \u003cem>and Republicans\u003c/em> oppose book bans\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When it comes to state lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://pen.org/report/americas-censored-classrooms/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">removing certain books from schools\u003c/a>, such bans have the support of just 5% of Democrats, 16% of Independents and 35% of Republicans. Fifty-two percent of Republicans oppose such efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything that depicts pornography should be removed. That’s not part of a public school,” says Heather Randell, who homeschools her 13-year-old son in the Dallas area. Randell identifies as a conservative-leaning Christian, and says “anything that is displaying actual sex acts, outside of a \u003cem>National Geographic\u003c/em> special on reproduction, should not be in a library.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Randell disagrees with broader efforts to ban books based on their treatment of race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of books that I think that are politically charged or race charged,” Randell says. “Those do not offend me at all because that opens up a kid’s mind one way or the other. I’m OK with opening up their minds. Just don’t do sex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Republicans are more likely to support local school boards doing the banning – 41% versus just 7% of Democrats and 21% of Independents – 46% of Republicans still oppose such efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerr, the Colorado Republican, says, “as a child growing up, a lot of the books that I read, maybe I didn’t enjoy them, but I was forced to read them. But they opened my eyes to the world\u003cem>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Native Son\u003c/em> by Richard Wright, for example, “a book that’s probably no longer allowed in schools, but it really opened my eyes, coming from where I grew up in a farming community to a city with other races and other cultures,” Kerr says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the subject of gender identity, several Republican respondents tell NPR they worry that efforts to limit what teachers can say – as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/19/politics/florida-bans-teaching-gender-identity-sexual-orientation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one new Florida policy\u003c/a> does – sends the wrong message to children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just playing into teaching kids that, you know, somebody is different. Let’s get rid of them,” says Stephanie, a mother of four children in the Chicago area and a registered Republican. “I just think the better thing to do would be to teach kids about different people and how to accept everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephanie asked that we not use her last name because many in her community disagree with her views, and she worries her comments could hurt her family.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. Public perception of teachers has gotten worse\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Half the general public in our NPR/Ipsos poll say the public’s \u003cem>perceptions\u003c/em> of teachers have gotten worse in the last 10 years. But it’s hard to know what to make of that. Keep in mind, these are the same respondents who say, overwhelmingly, that teachers deserve respect and aren’t paid fairly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So support for teachers among \u003cem>individual\u003c/em> respondents is strong – quite strong – even as many believe the \u003cem>broader public’s\u003c/em> perception of them has gotten worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers themselves tell a similar story. Seventy-three percent say the public’s perception of them has gotten worse over the last decade, and 66% say their working conditions have worsened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As something of a surprise, teachers are slightly more likely than the general public (46% vs. 41%) to say the quality of public education in their area has also gotten worse in the last 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What explains all this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newall, at Ipsos, has one theory: The bitterness of the classroom culture wars – led by an outspoken minority of politicians, parents and activists, who, our poll suggests, may not speak for a majority of Republicans, let alone a majority of Americans – may be poisoning the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really this focus, I think, on some of the most extreme voices that has made teachers feel persecuted or feel like their job has gotten harder,” Newall says, “and that’s not how the vast majority of the American public feels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a recent review of 1,000-plus requests to remove books from schools during the 2021-’22 school year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/05/23/lgbtq-book-ban-challengers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post found\u003c/a> the majority were filed by 11 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>6. Most teachers don’t regret teaching\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ending on a slightly more hopeful note, 80% of teachers surveyed say they’re happy they became teachers – despite widespread agreement that they’re underpaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How do you reconcile that happiness with so much bad news?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, 95% of teachers surveyed say they became teachers because they wanted “to do good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many, teaching is a passion. That was clear in our polling five years ago,” Newall says, referring to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/05/02/605757547/unionized-or-not-teachers-struggle-to-make-ends-meet-npr-ipsos-poll-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR/Ipsos teacher poll from 2018\u003c/a>. “They know it’s a hard job and they feel that the public’s views of their job have only gotten worse over time. And yet they still love the job and would choose to do it again. And that’s passion\u003cem>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon teacher Leeann Bennett says she’s left teaching, several times, but keeps coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home every single day just emotionally wiped out because I am on point for seven and a half hours with kids, and I don’t get a break,” Bennett says, but it’s also deeply \u003cem>fulfilling\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My job is fantastic,” Bennett says. “I love [it.]”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Edited by: Nicole Cohen\u003cbr>\nVisual design and data graphics by: LA Johnson and Alyson Hurt\u003cbr>\nReporting contributed by: Janet W. Lee\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Poll%3A+Americans+say+teachers+are+underpaid%2C+about+half+of+Republicans+oppose+book+bans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A Florida teacher is under investigation by the state’s Department of Education after she showed her students a Disney movie that features a gay character.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenna Barbee, who teaches fifth grade in the Hernando County School District, says a student’s mother lodged a complaint with education officials after Barbee showed the film \u003cem>Strange World \u003c/em>in her classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbee said the movie focuses on humans’ relationship to the environment, which was why she chose to show it to her class after a section on ecosystems, plants and animals. She said a subplot about a boy having a crush on another boy never crossed her mind before screening the film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It talks about love to all things, and that’s literally what this movie represents,” Barbee told NPR. “I find it interesting that now I’m getting in trouble for a similar topic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Strange World\u003c/em>, a PG-rated Disney movie released last year, features actors Jake Gyllenhaal and Gabrielle Union among others and \u003ca href=\"https://movies.disney.com/strange-world\">tells the story\u003c/a> of three generations of a family exploring a dangerous land beneath their world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Jordan, a spokesperson for the Hernando County School District, confirmed to NPR in an email that both the district and the state are investigating the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the Hernando County School District sent a note to the parents of children in the class informing them that their children had been shown the film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While not the main plot of the movie, parts of the story involves a male character having and expressing feelings for another male character,” the note reads in part. “In the future, this movie will not be shown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked why the district would no longer show \u003cem>Strange World\u003c/em>, Jordan said there is a school board policy that guides the use of movies in classrooms and that the movie may violate Florida’s “Parental Bill of Rights,” a law signed by Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law — which critics have dubbed “Don’t Say Gay” — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/28/1089221657/dont-say-gay-florida-desantis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bars classroom instruction related to sexual orientation and gender identity\u003c/a> in kindergarten through third grade. In April, the Florida Board of Education approved \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/desantis-florida-dont-say-gay-ban-684ed25a303f83208a89c556543183cb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an expansion of the ban\u003c/a> to all grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis has been targeting curriculum and diversity programs in public schools and colleges that he’s attacked as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/13/1110842453/florida-gov-desantis-is-doing-battle-against-woke-public-schools\">woke indoctrination\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cassie Palelis, press secretary for the Florida Department of Education, said in an email to NPR on Monday that the department couldn’t confirm or deny whether Barbee is under investigation and pointed to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=1000-1099/1012/Sections/1012.796.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legal process for investigating complaints\u003c/a> against teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue came into public view after one of Barbee’s colleagues \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/c350Zee/status/1656715248022241281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted a photo\u003c/a> of the letter Barbee received from state education officials informing her that she was under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbee also \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@becomingabetterbarbee/video/7232767113914617131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">posted a video on TikTok\u003c/a> explaining her situation, saying investigators have been interviewing students about the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with NPR, she noted that \u003cem>Strange World\u003c/em> also depicts a heterosexual couple kissing, but said that only the same-sex crush was the subject of the parent’s complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t get to pick and choose which things you want and which things you don’t,” Barbee said. “That’s the issue with our school system today. It’s just this ongoing battle of everybody getting to push what they believe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Florida+is+investigating+a+teacher+who+showed+a+Disney+movie+with+a+gay+character&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Jordan, a spokesperson for the Hernando County School District, confirmed to NPR in an email that both the district and the state are investigating the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the Hernando County School District sent a note to the parents of children in the class informing them that their children had been shown the film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While not the main plot of the movie, parts of the story involves a male character having and expressing feelings for another male character,” the note reads in part. “In the future, this movie will not be shown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked why the district would no longer show \u003cem>Strange World\u003c/em>, Jordan said there is a school board policy that guides the use of movies in classrooms and that the movie may violate Florida’s “Parental Bill of Rights,” a law signed by Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law — which critics have dubbed “Don’t Say Gay” — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/28/1089221657/dont-say-gay-florida-desantis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bars classroom instruction related to sexual orientation and gender identity\u003c/a> in kindergarten through third grade. In April, the Florida Board of Education approved \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/desantis-florida-dont-say-gay-ban-684ed25a303f83208a89c556543183cb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an expansion of the ban\u003c/a> to all grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis has been targeting curriculum and diversity programs in public schools and colleges that he’s attacked as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/13/1110842453/florida-gov-desantis-is-doing-battle-against-woke-public-schools\">woke indoctrination\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cassie Palelis, press secretary for the Florida Department of Education, said in an email to NPR on Monday that the department couldn’t confirm or deny whether Barbee is under investigation and pointed to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=1000-1099/1012/Sections/1012.796.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legal process for investigating complaints\u003c/a> against teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue came into public view after one of Barbee’s colleagues \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/c350Zee/status/1656715248022241281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted a photo\u003c/a> of the letter Barbee received from state education officials informing her that she was under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbee also \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@becomingabetterbarbee/video/7232767113914617131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">posted a video on TikTok\u003c/a> explaining her situation, saying investigators have been interviewing students about the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with NPR, she noted that \u003cem>Strange World\u003c/em> also depicts a heterosexual couple kissing, but said that only the same-sex crush was the subject of the parent’s complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t get to pick and choose which things you want and which things you don’t,” Barbee said. “That’s the issue with our school system today. It’s just this ongoing battle of everybody getting to push what they believe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Florida+is+investigating+a+teacher+who+showed+a+Disney+movie+with+a+gay+character&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was \u003ca href=\"https://chicago.chalkbeat.org/2023/3/13/23638675/illinois-african-american-history-curriculum-debate-black-church-great-migration-civil-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"canonical noopener\">originally published\u003c/a> by Chalkbeat. Sign up for their newsletters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/newsletters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ckbe.at/newsletters\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashley Kannan, an eighth grade history teacher at Oak Park Elementary School in District 97, had long thought about piloting a Black studies course. He even created a lesson plan during the summer of 2020. Then, a conversation with a student convinced him to take the leap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The student liked his lectures, she told him, but thought the history class that Kannan normally teaches was boring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That inspired Kannan to run with the course that fall. Students in his Black Studies course learn about topics such as the Black church, the Great Migration — when Black Americans migrated from the South to the North for jobs and other opportunities — and Black political figures such as Fannie Lou Hamer, a civil rights activist from Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long after he started to teach the class during the 2020-21 school year, Kannan said, he noticed his students were more engaged with the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have much more buy-in. I love how my Black students, in particular, can’t tell the difference between my African American studies class and my American history class,” said Kannan, who teaches a diverse group of students. “Like they just see it as one in the same and it’s so beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Illinois, a 1990 state law requires schools to teach a unit of African American history. But more than 30 years after the Illinois law passed, gaps in the teaching of Black history remain. The law lacks an enforcement mechanism, and does not include a way to track when Black history is taught during the school year and what students are learning about it; there are no required textbooks or curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that has left teachers like Kannan to create their own lesson plans and to push their districts to strengthen the curriculum to include key points in Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Illinois law represents a sharp contrast to what is happening in Republican-led states such as \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxdbwb/stope-woke-act-florida-crt-bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Florida\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://tn.chalkbeat.org/2023/1/12/23552718/implicit-bias-tennessee-school-employee-training-legislature\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tennessee\u003c/a>, and \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2021/12/02/texas-critical-race-theory-law/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Texas\u003c/a>, where legislators have passed so-called “anti-critical race theory” bills that limit how race and gender issues are taught in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, for example, has spoken out against the College Board’s new Advanced Placement course on African American studies, calling it “indoctrination.” DeSantis has labeled plans to incorporate topics such as Black queer studies, the abolition of prisons, and intersectionality \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/desantis-defends-blocking-african-american-studies-course-in-florida-schools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“a political agenda.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://chicago.chalkbeat.org/2023/2/15/23601493/illinois-pritzker-2024-budget-education-child-care\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the State address in February\u003c/a>, Illinois Gov. J.B. Pritzker pushed back against DeSantis and others seeking to limit the teaching of African American history. Pritzker said a virulent strain of nationalism across the country is leading to pushes for censorship and attacks on school board members and librarians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an ideological battle by the right-wing hiding behind the claim that they would protect our children,” said Pritzker, “but whose real intention is to marginalize people and ideas they don’t like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Illinois requires Black history in schools\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In Illinois, the teaching of Black history has been encouraged rather than limited. In 2021, the state updated its law on Black history to include topics such as the history of Black people before enslavement, the reasons why Black people were enslaved, and the American civil rights movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.isbe.net/blackhistorycurriculum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Black History Curriculum Task Force\u003c/a> — created by the Illinois general assembly in 2018 — also recommended in 2021 that Black history be woven into U.S. history courses, and asked for clear guidelines on what should be included in a mandated curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the task force asked the state to find a way to enforce the mandate without standardized tests, and to set up a committee of educators from every grade level to create an assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Task force member Bryen Johnson, the state affiliate political organizer with the Illinois Federation of Teachers, said ensuring that districts comply with curriculum mandates has to be a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.isbe.net/Documents_BlackHistoryCurr/Black-History-Curriculum-Task-Force-Final-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report from the task force\u003c/a> in April 2021, features survey results asking districts to report how they are teaching Black history. Out of the 617 districts in the state that completed the survey, 77% reported complying with the state law requiring a unit on Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The topics included in history courses shouldn’t be dependent on where you live or what district you attend,” said Johnson. “Complying with this law isn’t optional and those tasked with making sure districts are in compliance should reflect that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Champaign teacher turns to The 1619 Project\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For Kim Tate, a fifth grade teacher in the Champaign Unit 4 school district in central Illinois,\u003cb> \u003c/b>the importance of teaching Black history came into greater focus in 2020, due to the coronavirus pandemic and the uprising against police brutality following the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and the death of Breonna Taylor in Louisville, Kentucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a Black woman watching the Black Lives Matter protests during the summer of 2020, Tate felt people devalued Black life because they do not understand the history of Black people in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During 2020, Tate had informal conversations with her colleagues about developing a Black studies curriculum for her students; while the state requires a unit of study, there isn’t a guideline for what students should know. One of their main debates: “What should Black studies include?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The uprisings against police brutality that took place across the country, and Tate’s district’s plans to update social science curriculum in the fall of 2020, motivated her to apply to write a unit on Black history. She applied to be a part of \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://1619education.org/1619-community/1619-education-network\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The 1619 Project Education Network by the Pulitzer Center\u003c/a> in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Tate’s time in the program, she wrote a lesson plan based on \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/14/magazine/1619-america-slavery.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The 1619 Project\u003c/a>, an examination of the legacy of slavery by New York Times reporter Nikole Hannah-Jones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, which takes its name from the date the first enslaved African arrived in the British colony that is now Virginia, has become a flashpoint in the conservative attacks on the teaching of race and Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really thought her work was so powerful for really offering a different narrative than we had typically heard about history and the importance of black people to this nation’s story,” Tate said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tate started to teach the curriculum to her fifth grade class early this year. The unit she developed is called “No Longer Silent: The Genius Within Us.” In the unit, Tate’s students read books by Zora Neale Hurston, a Black American writer, anthropologist, and filmmaker who wrote about issues facing Black people, and became a key figure in the Harlem Renaissance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hurston’s work especially resonated with Black girls in Tate’s classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My Black girls last year connected with Hurston’s work during the Harlem Renaissance and her colorful personality,” said Tate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tate has noticed all of her students engaging more in the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve noticed that the students’ ability to engage in perspective-taking and to have empathy has increased,” Tate said. “So I have fewer conflicts and personal conflicts and fewer behavior issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Chicago teacher struggles to use district’s history curriculum\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While Tate had a smooth transition teaching Black history, some Illinois teachers struggle to incorporate Black history into a strict district curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Teachers Academy in Chicago had a robust Black history curriculum for several years, according to sixth grade social science teacher Jessica Kibblewhite. The curriculum examined Black history in America and across the globe by including topics such as how African explorers contributed to the creation of currency in the Middle East.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, after Chicago Public Schools rolled out the $135 million \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://chicago.chalkbeat.org/2021/6/17/22538834/cps-new-curriculum-skyline-135-million-mcdade-jackson-culturally-relevant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Skyline curriculum in 2021\u003c/a> and created new standards for each grade and subject, Kibblewhite said her school’s lesson plans have taken a back seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kibblewhite, who sits on the district’s Skyline social science review committee, said she thinks Skyline’s Black history unit lacks depth and breadth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a white teacher who works with Black students, Kibblewhite said it’s important for students to see themselves in history books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students don’t learn anything unless they’re deeply engaged,” said Kibblewhite. “If students don’t see themselves in characters in text or historical figures that look different from them, they’ll be less likely to be engaged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to Chalkbeat Chicago, Chicago Public Schools said it is committed to providing a culturally responsive social science education throughout the school year. The district said Black history is taught across all subjects, not just in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This work is also at the core of CPS’ Three-Year Blueprint which aims to ensure that CPS students are not only academically prepared to succeed after high school, but also socially, emotionally, and culturally prepared to be successful members of our Democracy,” said a spokesperson for Chicago Public Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s next for Black history in Illinois\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Next year, Oak Park and River Forest High School will be one of the first high schools in Illinois to pilot the AP African American studies course, as part of the College Board’s national rollout of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the meantime, teachers such as Kannan are finding ways to teach Black history in their classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kannan, in his 26th year as a teacher, said it was easier for him to create a curriculum than other teachers because of a supportive school district and his lengthy experience. However, he said it would be more difficult for younger teachers who lack professional development and mentoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state needs to make a considerable financial commitment to investing in induction paths that lead to mentoring and that allow our teachers of color to not only be not only be recruited but to thrive,” said Kannan. “I don’t think there’s any other way for this to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tate, the teacher in Champaign, has heard from white colleagues who feel uncomfortable teaching Black history. Since the state’s teacher workforce is over 80% white, Tate said that the state will need to find a way to support teachers in educating students about Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got to figure out a way to bridge that gap, because each year we’re not teaching students about Black history and about the legacy of Black people in this country,” said Tate. “We are really robbing all students of important knowledge that can help them be better citizens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Samantha Smylie is the state education reporter for Chalkbeat Chicago, covering school districts across the state, legislation, special education, and the state board of education. Contact Samantha at \u003c/i>\u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"mailto:ssmylie@chalkbeat.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>ssmylie@chalkbeat.org\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chicago.chalkbeat.org/2023/3/13/23638675/illinois-african-american-history-curriculum-debate-black-church-great-migration-civil-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"canonical noopener\">Chalkbeat\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news site covering educational change in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Republican-led states such as Florida, Tennessee, and Texas, are restricting what can be taught about race in schools. In Illinois, a decades-old law requires the teaching of Black history, but there's no required curriculum or tracking of when it's taught. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was \u003ca href=\"https://chicago.chalkbeat.org/2023/3/13/23638675/illinois-african-american-history-curriculum-debate-black-church-great-migration-civil-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"canonical noopener\">originally published\u003c/a> by Chalkbeat. Sign up for their newsletters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/newsletters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ckbe.at/newsletters\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashley Kannan, an eighth grade history teacher at Oak Park Elementary School in District 97, had long thought about piloting a Black studies course. He even created a lesson plan during the summer of 2020. Then, a conversation with a student convinced him to take the leap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The student liked his lectures, she told him, but thought the history class that Kannan normally teaches was boring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That inspired Kannan to run with the course that fall. Students in his Black Studies course learn about topics such as the Black church, the Great Migration — when Black Americans migrated from the South to the North for jobs and other opportunities — and Black political figures such as Fannie Lou Hamer, a civil rights activist from Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long after he started to teach the class during the 2020-21 school year, Kannan said, he noticed his students were more engaged with the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have much more buy-in. I love how my Black students, in particular, can’t tell the difference between my African American studies class and my American history class,” said Kannan, who teaches a diverse group of students. “Like they just see it as one in the same and it’s so beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Illinois, a 1990 state law requires schools to teach a unit of African American history. But more than 30 years after the Illinois law passed, gaps in the teaching of Black history remain. The law lacks an enforcement mechanism, and does not include a way to track when Black history is taught during the school year and what students are learning about it; there are no required textbooks or curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that has left teachers like Kannan to create their own lesson plans and to push their districts to strengthen the curriculum to include key points in Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Illinois law represents a sharp contrast to what is happening in Republican-led states such as \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxdbwb/stope-woke-act-florida-crt-bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Florida\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://tn.chalkbeat.org/2023/1/12/23552718/implicit-bias-tennessee-school-employee-training-legislature\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tennessee\u003c/a>, and \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2021/12/02/texas-critical-race-theory-law/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Texas\u003c/a>, where legislators have passed so-called “anti-critical race theory” bills that limit how race and gender issues are taught in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, for example, has spoken out against the College Board’s new Advanced Placement course on African American studies, calling it “indoctrination.” DeSantis has labeled plans to incorporate topics such as Black queer studies, the abolition of prisons, and intersectionality \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/desantis-defends-blocking-african-american-studies-course-in-florida-schools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“a political agenda.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://chicago.chalkbeat.org/2023/2/15/23601493/illinois-pritzker-2024-budget-education-child-care\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the State address in February\u003c/a>, Illinois Gov. J.B. Pritzker pushed back against DeSantis and others seeking to limit the teaching of African American history. Pritzker said a virulent strain of nationalism across the country is leading to pushes for censorship and attacks on school board members and librarians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an ideological battle by the right-wing hiding behind the claim that they would protect our children,” said Pritzker, “but whose real intention is to marginalize people and ideas they don’t like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Illinois requires Black history in schools\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In Illinois, the teaching of Black history has been encouraged rather than limited. In 2021, the state updated its law on Black history to include topics such as the history of Black people before enslavement, the reasons why Black people were enslaved, and the American civil rights movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.isbe.net/blackhistorycurriculum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Black History Curriculum Task Force\u003c/a> — created by the Illinois general assembly in 2018 — also recommended in 2021 that Black history be woven into U.S. history courses, and asked for clear guidelines on what should be included in a mandated curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the task force asked the state to find a way to enforce the mandate without standardized tests, and to set up a committee of educators from every grade level to create an assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Task force member Bryen Johnson, the state affiliate political organizer with the Illinois Federation of Teachers, said ensuring that districts comply with curriculum mandates has to be a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.isbe.net/Documents_BlackHistoryCurr/Black-History-Curriculum-Task-Force-Final-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report from the task force\u003c/a> in April 2021, features survey results asking districts to report how they are teaching Black history. Out of the 617 districts in the state that completed the survey, 77% reported complying with the state law requiring a unit on Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The topics included in history courses shouldn’t be dependent on where you live or what district you attend,” said Johnson. “Complying with this law isn’t optional and those tasked with making sure districts are in compliance should reflect that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Champaign teacher turns to The 1619 Project\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For Kim Tate, a fifth grade teacher in the Champaign Unit 4 school district in central Illinois,\u003cb> \u003c/b>the importance of teaching Black history came into greater focus in 2020, due to the coronavirus pandemic and the uprising against police brutality following the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and the death of Breonna Taylor in Louisville, Kentucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a Black woman watching the Black Lives Matter protests during the summer of 2020, Tate felt people devalued Black life because they do not understand the history of Black people in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During 2020, Tate had informal conversations with her colleagues about developing a Black studies curriculum for her students; while the state requires a unit of study, there isn’t a guideline for what students should know. One of their main debates: “What should Black studies include?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The uprisings against police brutality that took place across the country, and Tate’s district’s plans to update social science curriculum in the fall of 2020, motivated her to apply to write a unit on Black history. She applied to be a part of \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://1619education.org/1619-community/1619-education-network\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The 1619 Project Education Network by the Pulitzer Center\u003c/a> in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Tate’s time in the program, she wrote a lesson plan based on \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/14/magazine/1619-america-slavery.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The 1619 Project\u003c/a>, an examination of the legacy of slavery by New York Times reporter Nikole Hannah-Jones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, which takes its name from the date the first enslaved African arrived in the British colony that is now Virginia, has become a flashpoint in the conservative attacks on the teaching of race and Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really thought her work was so powerful for really offering a different narrative than we had typically heard about history and the importance of black people to this nation’s story,” Tate said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tate started to teach the curriculum to her fifth grade class early this year. The unit she developed is called “No Longer Silent: The Genius Within Us.” In the unit, Tate’s students read books by Zora Neale Hurston, a Black American writer, anthropologist, and filmmaker who wrote about issues facing Black people, and became a key figure in the Harlem Renaissance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hurston’s work especially resonated with Black girls in Tate’s classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My Black girls last year connected with Hurston’s work during the Harlem Renaissance and her colorful personality,” said Tate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tate has noticed all of her students engaging more in the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve noticed that the students’ ability to engage in perspective-taking and to have empathy has increased,” Tate said. “So I have fewer conflicts and personal conflicts and fewer behavior issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Chicago teacher struggles to use district’s history curriculum\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While Tate had a smooth transition teaching Black history, some Illinois teachers struggle to incorporate Black history into a strict district curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Teachers Academy in Chicago had a robust Black history curriculum for several years, according to sixth grade social science teacher Jessica Kibblewhite. The curriculum examined Black history in America and across the globe by including topics such as how African explorers contributed to the creation of currency in the Middle East.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, after Chicago Public Schools rolled out the $135 million \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://chicago.chalkbeat.org/2021/6/17/22538834/cps-new-curriculum-skyline-135-million-mcdade-jackson-culturally-relevant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Skyline curriculum in 2021\u003c/a> and created new standards for each grade and subject, Kibblewhite said her school’s lesson plans have taken a back seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kibblewhite, who sits on the district’s Skyline social science review committee, said she thinks Skyline’s Black history unit lacks depth and breadth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a white teacher who works with Black students, Kibblewhite said it’s important for students to see themselves in history books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students don’t learn anything unless they’re deeply engaged,” said Kibblewhite. “If students don’t see themselves in characters in text or historical figures that look different from them, they’ll be less likely to be engaged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to Chalkbeat Chicago, Chicago Public Schools said it is committed to providing a culturally responsive social science education throughout the school year. The district said Black history is taught across all subjects, not just in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This work is also at the core of CPS’ Three-Year Blueprint which aims to ensure that CPS students are not only academically prepared to succeed after high school, but also socially, emotionally, and culturally prepared to be successful members of our Democracy,” said a spokesperson for Chicago Public Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s next for Black history in Illinois\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Next year, Oak Park and River Forest High School will be one of the first high schools in Illinois to pilot the AP African American studies course, as part of the College Board’s national rollout of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the meantime, teachers such as Kannan are finding ways to teach Black history in their classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kannan, in his 26th year as a teacher, said it was easier for him to create a curriculum than other teachers because of a supportive school district and his lengthy experience. However, he said it would be more difficult for younger teachers who lack professional development and mentoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state needs to make a considerable financial commitment to investing in induction paths that lead to mentoring and that allow our teachers of color to not only be not only be recruited but to thrive,” said Kannan. “I don’t think there’s any other way for this to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tate, the teacher in Champaign, has heard from white colleagues who feel uncomfortable teaching Black history. Since the state’s teacher workforce is over 80% white, Tate said that the state will need to find a way to support teachers in educating students about Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got to figure out a way to bridge that gap, because each year we’re not teaching students about Black history and about the legacy of Black people in this country,” said Tate. “We are really robbing all students of important knowledge that can help them be better citizens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Samantha Smylie is the state education reporter for Chalkbeat Chicago, covering school districts across the state, legislation, special education, and the state board of education. Contact Samantha at \u003c/i>\u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"mailto:ssmylie@chalkbeat.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>ssmylie@chalkbeat.org\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chicago.chalkbeat.org/2023/3/13/23638675/illinois-african-american-history-curriculum-debate-black-church-great-migration-civil-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"canonical noopener\">Chalkbeat\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news site covering educational change in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Advanced Placement debate feels high-stakes for teachers of African American history",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2023/2/2/23582771/advanced-placement-african-american-studies-black-history-college-board\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"canonical noopener\">originally published\u003c/a> by Chalkbeat. Sign up for their newsletters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/newsletters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ckbe.at/newsletters\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keziah Ridgeway has taught African American history at Northeast High School in Philadelphia for four years, calling it a “labor of love.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I say it is a labor because it is very daunting teaching African American history,” she said. “It’s a lot of trauma — a lot of events that can make you uncomfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Ridgeway added, “It’s something that needs to be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More teachers across the country are likely to confront this challenge in the years to come as the College Board rolls out its first Advanced Placement course in African American studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the course has been thrust into the political fray. Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis said the state’s schools wouldn’t teach the class, alleging that it violated a 2022 state law that restricts how race and racism are taught. \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://mobile.twitter.com/senmannydiazjr/status/1616565048767385601?s=12&t=LcwBTcSQxHlaXmggDCz_ww\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">He and other state officials pointed\u003c/a> to the inclusion of subjects like Black queer studies, the debate over reparations for slavery, and the Black Lives Matter movement in criticizing the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after the College Board released a final \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-african-american-studies-course-framework.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">curriculum framework\u003c/a> Wednesday that removed much of the criticized content, some protested that the course had been watered down — while educators who are piloting the class and others like it stressed the vital role it can play in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I compel anyone who has questions about this course to actually take the time to read the curriculum, spend time in classrooms, and talk to students,” said Melissa Tracy, a teacher at Odyssey Charter School in Delaware who is teaching a pilot version of the AP course this year. “What many students will tell you is, ‘This is the first time in my entire educational experience where I actually get to learn this content — because I was never taught it.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Green, a teacher at Bishop O’Dowd High School in Oakland, California who is participating in the pilot, said it’s a more comprehensive course than any high school class that has preceded it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the ideal situation for a teacher who’s teaching African American studies, because the resources have already been gathered,” said Green, who has taught Black history for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board has denied that DeSantis or any states influenced the revision process, saying the changes were \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/01/us/college-board-advanced-placement-african-american-studies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pedagogical and based on feedback from educators\u003c/a>, the New York Times reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curriculum revisions, especially to a new course, aren’t unusual, noted Tambra Jackson, a professor and dean of the School of Education at Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis who focuses on social justice in education. The College Board’s process of convening scholars and teachers at the high school and college levels to construct the course wasn’t unusual either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this would have happened without the political fanfare, we might not be giving it that much attention,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is different now is the intensity of the Republicans’ focus on \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2022/9/23/23367419/school-censorship-race-lgbtq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how race and gender are taught in schools\u003c/a>, and the way figures like DeSantis have turned critiques more often hashed out in state standards committee hearings into a political spectacle. Eighteen states have legislated or imposed changes to how race and racism can be taught since January 2021, according to \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/map-where-critical-race-theory-is-under-attack/2021/06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Education Week’s tracker\u003c/a>. Many have also restricted discussion of sexism and LGBTQ content. Schools also have faced \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/12/books/book-bans-libraries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new wave of challenges\u003c/a> to the availability of school library books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The political context where we’re in right now — there is this very direct, extreme focus on any kind of social awareness, on any kind of social action that focuses on how human beings in this country have been dehumanized, and there is an attempt to water down that history,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of all of that, on Feb. 1, the first day of Black History Month, the announcement that this curriculum has been revised, and the revision excludes really important, key people and thought leaders — it is disheartening,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The curriculum framework for an AP course is in many ways a particularly vulnerable target for political opposition, since it is a rare piece of public schooling in America that is nationally standardized. Generally state bodies adopt standards that guide teaching of various subjects, while local school districts and school leaders choose textbooks and curriculum, and individual teachers make daily choices about what materials to use and topics to emphasize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Textbooks in California and Texas, for example, \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/01/12/us/texas-vs-california-history-textbooks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vary in their treatment\u003c/a> of topics like Reconstruction, the period immediately following the Civil War. And debates about topics like sex education, climate change, and evolution have flared in parts of the country for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a number of cities, including Newark and Philadelphia, African American history is a curriculum staple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia has \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://philadelphia.chalkbeat.org/2022/3/8/22967115/philadelphia-public-schools-african-american-history-course-update-critical-race-theory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">required all students\u003c/a> to take an African American history course since 2005 in order to graduate. There, officials don’t shy away from teaching upsetting history. The district’s soon-to-be-updated curriculum will include a unit on one of the most fraught racial incidents in the history of Philadelphia: the city’s standoffs with Black activists who were part of the MOVE organization. In 1978 a \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/stories/move\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">police officer was killed\u003c/a> in a shootout; in 1985, the \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/8/8/20747198/philadelphia-bombing-1985-move\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bombing \u003c/a>of the MOVE house by the police resulted in the deaths of 11 people, including children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our official position is that we encourage teachers to approach controversial issues in the classroom,” said Ismael Jimenez, the district’s director of social studies curriculum who taught history in the district, including that course, for 12 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established courses in many districts emerged from decades of activism and come with their own history of debate about how they should be taught. Last year, Detroit’s public school district chose new curriculum materials for its elective African American history course that the superintendent \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://detroit.chalkbeat.org/2022/6/13/23163676/detroit-school-district-black-history-365-curriculum-social-studies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">noted\u003c/a> emphasized “strength, joy and achievement,” without the frequent overemphasis on slavery as the starting point of Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Newark, New Jersey, where a 2002 state law required the teaching of African American history, the district didn’t offer a complete \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://newark.chalkbeat.org/2022/5/12/23068537/newark-curriculum-african-american-history-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">middle and high school curriculum\u003c/a> on the subject until 2021 – nearly 20 years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bashir Muhammad Ptah Akinyele teaches history and Africana studies at Weequahic High School in Newark and now uses the district’s Amistad curriculum. “I’m appreciative of the conversation. I think it’s needed,” he said of the debate about the AP course content. “But it’s not something new.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether to give space to figures some find radical is always a piece of that discussion, even in places with legal protections, he said. In other states, he knows those battles are even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a struggle to factually document the history of Black people in this country,” he said. Often when schools introduce the subject, he said, “They want something safe, comfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green said he wasn’t surprised to see the course spark national backlash, adding that historically, introducing an African American studies curriculum has “always been a struggle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to student movements in the late 1960s, where protestors clashed with university officials and police in an effort to establish ethnic studies programs. “It was definitely attacked,” he said of African American studies at the time, adding the efforts came under fire from local conservative leaders. “There was bloodshed behind the introduction of that curriculum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board’s new curriculum suggests that many of the topics now gone from the course framework can still be the focus of student projects — with a sample list of topics including, for example, “Gay life and expression in Black communities,” and “Reparations debates in the U.S./ the Americas.” Tracy and Green, who are teaching the pilot AP course, both noted that a curriculum doesn’t dictate every move teachers make in a classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a lot of built-in flexibility,” Tracy said. “Although there may not be a very specific lesson on Black Lives Matter, there still is an opportunity for students to research it. And at the end of the day, I don’t know how you can \u003ci>not\u003c/i> talk about it. How do you talk about the Black freedom struggle without talking about Black Lives Matter?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Jackson, Ridgeway, and others, the revisions remain disappointing — and suggest the organization folded to political influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a long time, before cities and school districts began to teach ethnic studies and African American history, our students were subjected to a history that was very much whitewashed,” Ridgeway said. “Removing these things is unacceptable. It waters down our history and it hides the truth from our students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is still heartening, Jackson said, is that the years ahead could see more students than ever getting a deep exposure to the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that we now have an AP African American history course, I think it’s a wonderful thing,” she said. “I think students will take it, they will be engaged, they will be excited about the content, they will share it with their friends, and their friends will want to take it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people have access, it opens up new curiosities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Dale Mezzacappa contributed reporting. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Julian Shen-Berro is a reporter covering national issues. Contact him at jshen-berro@chalkbeat.org.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2023/2/2/23582771/advanced-placement-african-american-studies-black-history-college-board\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"canonical noopener\">Chalkbeat\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news site covering public education.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A new AP course has sparked debate on the teaching of African American history in schools, fueled in part by Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis. Teachers of the subject say the challenges of teaching the subject aren't new but its importance remains.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2023/2/2/23582771/advanced-placement-african-american-studies-black-history-college-board\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"canonical noopener\">originally published\u003c/a> by Chalkbeat. Sign up for their newsletters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/newsletters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ckbe.at/newsletters\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keziah Ridgeway has taught African American history at Northeast High School in Philadelphia for four years, calling it a “labor of love.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I say it is a labor because it is very daunting teaching African American history,” she said. “It’s a lot of trauma — a lot of events that can make you uncomfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Ridgeway added, “It’s something that needs to be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More teachers across the country are likely to confront this challenge in the years to come as the College Board rolls out its first Advanced Placement course in African American studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the course has been thrust into the political fray. Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis said the state’s schools wouldn’t teach the class, alleging that it violated a 2022 state law that restricts how race and racism are taught. \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://mobile.twitter.com/senmannydiazjr/status/1616565048767385601?s=12&t=LcwBTcSQxHlaXmggDCz_ww\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">He and other state officials pointed\u003c/a> to the inclusion of subjects like Black queer studies, the debate over reparations for slavery, and the Black Lives Matter movement in criticizing the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after the College Board released a final \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-african-american-studies-course-framework.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">curriculum framework\u003c/a> Wednesday that removed much of the criticized content, some protested that the course had been watered down — while educators who are piloting the class and others like it stressed the vital role it can play in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I compel anyone who has questions about this course to actually take the time to read the curriculum, spend time in classrooms, and talk to students,” said Melissa Tracy, a teacher at Odyssey Charter School in Delaware who is teaching a pilot version of the AP course this year. “What many students will tell you is, ‘This is the first time in my entire educational experience where I actually get to learn this content — because I was never taught it.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Green, a teacher at Bishop O’Dowd High School in Oakland, California who is participating in the pilot, said it’s a more comprehensive course than any high school class that has preceded it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the ideal situation for a teacher who’s teaching African American studies, because the resources have already been gathered,” said Green, who has taught Black history for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board has denied that DeSantis or any states influenced the revision process, saying the changes were \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/01/us/college-board-advanced-placement-african-american-studies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pedagogical and based on feedback from educators\u003c/a>, the New York Times reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curriculum revisions, especially to a new course, aren’t unusual, noted Tambra Jackson, a professor and dean of the School of Education at Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis who focuses on social justice in education. The College Board’s process of convening scholars and teachers at the high school and college levels to construct the course wasn’t unusual either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this would have happened without the political fanfare, we might not be giving it that much attention,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is different now is the intensity of the Republicans’ focus on \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2022/9/23/23367419/school-censorship-race-lgbtq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how race and gender are taught in schools\u003c/a>, and the way figures like DeSantis have turned critiques more often hashed out in state standards committee hearings into a political spectacle. Eighteen states have legislated or imposed changes to how race and racism can be taught since January 2021, according to \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/map-where-critical-race-theory-is-under-attack/2021/06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Education Week’s tracker\u003c/a>. Many have also restricted discussion of sexism and LGBTQ content. Schools also have faced \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/12/books/book-bans-libraries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new wave of challenges\u003c/a> to the availability of school library books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The political context where we’re in right now — there is this very direct, extreme focus on any kind of social awareness, on any kind of social action that focuses on how human beings in this country have been dehumanized, and there is an attempt to water down that history,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of all of that, on Feb. 1, the first day of Black History Month, the announcement that this curriculum has been revised, and the revision excludes really important, key people and thought leaders — it is disheartening,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The curriculum framework for an AP course is in many ways a particularly vulnerable target for political opposition, since it is a rare piece of public schooling in America that is nationally standardized. Generally state bodies adopt standards that guide teaching of various subjects, while local school districts and school leaders choose textbooks and curriculum, and individual teachers make daily choices about what materials to use and topics to emphasize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Textbooks in California and Texas, for example, \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/01/12/us/texas-vs-california-history-textbooks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vary in their treatment\u003c/a> of topics like Reconstruction, the period immediately following the Civil War. And debates about topics like sex education, climate change, and evolution have flared in parts of the country for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a number of cities, including Newark and Philadelphia, African American history is a curriculum staple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia has \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://philadelphia.chalkbeat.org/2022/3/8/22967115/philadelphia-public-schools-african-american-history-course-update-critical-race-theory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">required all students\u003c/a> to take an African American history course since 2005 in order to graduate. There, officials don’t shy away from teaching upsetting history. The district’s soon-to-be-updated curriculum will include a unit on one of the most fraught racial incidents in the history of Philadelphia: the city’s standoffs with Black activists who were part of the MOVE organization. In 1978 a \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/stories/move\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">police officer was killed\u003c/a> in a shootout; in 1985, the \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/8/8/20747198/philadelphia-bombing-1985-move\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bombing \u003c/a>of the MOVE house by the police resulted in the deaths of 11 people, including children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our official position is that we encourage teachers to approach controversial issues in the classroom,” said Ismael Jimenez, the district’s director of social studies curriculum who taught history in the district, including that course, for 12 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established courses in many districts emerged from decades of activism and come with their own history of debate about how they should be taught. Last year, Detroit’s public school district chose new curriculum materials for its elective African American history course that the superintendent \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://detroit.chalkbeat.org/2022/6/13/23163676/detroit-school-district-black-history-365-curriculum-social-studies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">noted\u003c/a> emphasized “strength, joy and achievement,” without the frequent overemphasis on slavery as the starting point of Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Newark, New Jersey, where a 2002 state law required the teaching of African American history, the district didn’t offer a complete \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://newark.chalkbeat.org/2022/5/12/23068537/newark-curriculum-african-american-history-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">middle and high school curriculum\u003c/a> on the subject until 2021 – nearly 20 years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bashir Muhammad Ptah Akinyele teaches history and Africana studies at Weequahic High School in Newark and now uses the district’s Amistad curriculum. “I’m appreciative of the conversation. I think it’s needed,” he said of the debate about the AP course content. “But it’s not something new.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether to give space to figures some find radical is always a piece of that discussion, even in places with legal protections, he said. In other states, he knows those battles are even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a struggle to factually document the history of Black people in this country,” he said. Often when schools introduce the subject, he said, “They want something safe, comfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green said he wasn’t surprised to see the course spark national backlash, adding that historically, introducing an African American studies curriculum has “always been a struggle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to student movements in the late 1960s, where protestors clashed with university officials and police in an effort to establish ethnic studies programs. “It was definitely attacked,” he said of African American studies at the time, adding the efforts came under fire from local conservative leaders. “There was bloodshed behind the introduction of that curriculum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board’s new curriculum suggests that many of the topics now gone from the course framework can still be the focus of student projects — with a sample list of topics including, for example, “Gay life and expression in Black communities,” and “Reparations debates in the U.S./ the Americas.” Tracy and Green, who are teaching the pilot AP course, both noted that a curriculum doesn’t dictate every move teachers make in a classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a lot of built-in flexibility,” Tracy said. “Although there may not be a very specific lesson on Black Lives Matter, there still is an opportunity for students to research it. And at the end of the day, I don’t know how you can \u003ci>not\u003c/i> talk about it. How do you talk about the Black freedom struggle without talking about Black Lives Matter?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Jackson, Ridgeway, and others, the revisions remain disappointing — and suggest the organization folded to political influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a long time, before cities and school districts began to teach ethnic studies and African American history, our students were subjected to a history that was very much whitewashed,” Ridgeway said. “Removing these things is unacceptable. It waters down our history and it hides the truth from our students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is still heartening, Jackson said, is that the years ahead could see more students than ever getting a deep exposure to the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that we now have an AP African American history course, I think it’s a wonderful thing,” she said. “I think students will take it, they will be engaged, they will be excited about the content, they will share it with their friends, and their friends will want to take it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people have access, it opens up new curiosities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Dale Mezzacappa contributed reporting. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Julian Shen-Berro is a reporter covering national issues. Contact him at jshen-berro@chalkbeat.org.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Florida's Department of Education has rejected an Advanced Placement course covering African American Studies — saying the class indoctrinates students to \"a political agenda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As submitted, the course is a vehicle for a political agenda and leaves large, ambiguous gaps that can be filled with additional ideological material, which we will not allow,\" said Bryan Griffin, Gov. Ron DeSantis' press secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scholars who were involved in creating the curriculum say that's far from the truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's nothing particularly ideological about the course except that we value the experiences of African people in the United States,\" Christopher Tinson, the chair of the African American Studies department at Saint Louis University, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course is the latest addition to the AP program, which helps high school students earn college credit. The class is currently undergoing a pilot phase. Sixty schools were participating in that trial run, including at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/28/1119862835/a-teacher-pilots-new-african-american-studies-ap-course\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one high school in Florida\u003c/a>, But state officials have taken issue with the possibility that the course would teach about Black Lives Matter and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/12/1054889820/a-bill-to-study-reparations-for-slavery-had-momentum-in-congress-but-still-no-vo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the reparations movement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's rejection of the class comes as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/03/1077878538/legislation-restricts-what-teachers-can-discuss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wave of states\u003c/a> attempt to censor the topics of race and sexual orientation in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis has been particularly combative on this issue. In 2022, he signed the \"Stop WOKE\" Act, which — among other things — sets limits on how race may be taught in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's in the course\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The purpose of the class is to introduce students to the experiences and contributions of African Americans through a variety of lenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We didn't want to just focus on slavery, although slavery is a part of it,\" Tinson said. \"We wanted to give a comprehensive view of the culture, literature, historical development, political movements, social movements.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tinson said the course will explore the origins of the African diaspora to Reconstruction, the Harlem Renaissance, the Civil Rights movement, and then some. It will also examine historical trailblazers like \u003ca href=\"https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/valerie-thomas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Valerie Thomas\u003c/a>, a scientist who invented the illusion transmitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is particularly excited for students to have a fuller grasp of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/04/1012978325/what-the-haitian-revolution-tells-us-about-the-u-s-movement-for-racial-equality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Haitian revolution\u003c/a>, which Tinson argues tends to be underrepresented in history classes compared to the American and French revolutions despite being the most successful slave revolt in world history.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's not in the course\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Among the concerns that Florida officials have raised is whether the course will teach \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/02/1012696188/how-critical-race-theory-went-from-harvard-law-to-fox-news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">critical race theory\u003c/a>, the legal framework that argues racism is not just the product of individual bias, but is embedded in legal systems and policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Florida rejected an AP course filled with Critical Race Theory and other obvious violations of Florida law,\" Florida Education Commissioner Manny Diaz Jr. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenMannyDiazJr/status/1616565048767385601?s=20&t=r31HIHsyF9gCdilJv96gCA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote \u003c/a>on Twitter on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We proudly require the teaching of African American history. We do not accept woke indoctrination masquerading as education,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tinson denied accusations that the theory will be taught in the course. While the class will explore the issue of inequality, the framework itself is too advanced for high school students even in a college-level course, according to Tinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Precedent set by other classes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>African American studies is not the first time that the AP program has \u003ca href=\"https://apstudents.collegeboard.org/course-index-page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">offered\u003c/a> a class on a community's history and culture. In fact, there are courses on European history, German history and culture, Chinese history and culture, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, there's a standard and format to how these curriculums are shaped to serve the best interest of students. The College Board told NPR that the African American studies course has been nearly a decade in the making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reason why this is even an important area of study is because of the historical erasures from historical records in public schools of African experiences,\" Tinson said. \"This is one small step to resolve that gap.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Florida+says+AP+class+teaches+critical+race+theory.+Here%27s+what%27s+really+in+the+course&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Florida rejected an Advancement Placement course on African American studies, saying it's \"filled with\" critical race theory. But scholars who helped create the course say it's not in lesson plans.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Florida's Department of Education has rejected an Advanced Placement course covering African American Studies — saying the class indoctrinates students to \"a political agenda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As submitted, the course is a vehicle for a political agenda and leaves large, ambiguous gaps that can be filled with additional ideological material, which we will not allow,\" said Bryan Griffin, Gov. Ron DeSantis' press secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scholars who were involved in creating the curriculum say that's far from the truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's nothing particularly ideological about the course except that we value the experiences of African people in the United States,\" Christopher Tinson, the chair of the African American Studies department at Saint Louis University, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course is the latest addition to the AP program, which helps high school students earn college credit. The class is currently undergoing a pilot phase. Sixty schools were participating in that trial run, including at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/28/1119862835/a-teacher-pilots-new-african-american-studies-ap-course\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one high school in Florida\u003c/a>, But state officials have taken issue with the possibility that the course would teach about Black Lives Matter and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/12/1054889820/a-bill-to-study-reparations-for-slavery-had-momentum-in-congress-but-still-no-vo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the reparations movement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's rejection of the class comes as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/03/1077878538/legislation-restricts-what-teachers-can-discuss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wave of states\u003c/a> attempt to censor the topics of race and sexual orientation in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis has been particularly combative on this issue. In 2022, he signed the \"Stop WOKE\" Act, which — among other things — sets limits on how race may be taught in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's in the course\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The purpose of the class is to introduce students to the experiences and contributions of African Americans through a variety of lenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We didn't want to just focus on slavery, although slavery is a part of it,\" Tinson said. \"We wanted to give a comprehensive view of the culture, literature, historical development, political movements, social movements.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tinson said the course will explore the origins of the African diaspora to Reconstruction, the Harlem Renaissance, the Civil Rights movement, and then some. It will also examine historical trailblazers like \u003ca href=\"https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/valerie-thomas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Valerie Thomas\u003c/a>, a scientist who invented the illusion transmitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is particularly excited for students to have a fuller grasp of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/04/1012978325/what-the-haitian-revolution-tells-us-about-the-u-s-movement-for-racial-equality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Haitian revolution\u003c/a>, which Tinson argues tends to be underrepresented in history classes compared to the American and French revolutions despite being the most successful slave revolt in world history.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's not in the course\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Among the concerns that Florida officials have raised is whether the course will teach \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/02/1012696188/how-critical-race-theory-went-from-harvard-law-to-fox-news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">critical race theory\u003c/a>, the legal framework that argues racism is not just the product of individual bias, but is embedded in legal systems and policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Florida rejected an AP course filled with Critical Race Theory and other obvious violations of Florida law,\" Florida Education Commissioner Manny Diaz Jr. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenMannyDiazJr/status/1616565048767385601?s=20&t=r31HIHsyF9gCdilJv96gCA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote \u003c/a>on Twitter on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We proudly require the teaching of African American history. We do not accept woke indoctrination masquerading as education,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tinson denied accusations that the theory will be taught in the course. While the class will explore the issue of inequality, the framework itself is too advanced for high school students even in a college-level course, according to Tinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Precedent set by other classes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>African American studies is not the first time that the AP program has \u003ca href=\"https://apstudents.collegeboard.org/course-index-page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">offered\u003c/a> a class on a community's history and culture. In fact, there are courses on European history, German history and culture, Chinese history and culture, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, there's a standard and format to how these curriculums are shaped to serve the best interest of students. The College Board told NPR that the African American studies course has been nearly a decade in the making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reason why this is even an important area of study is because of the historical erasures from historical records in public schools of African experiences,\" Tinson said. \"This is one small step to resolve that gap.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Florida+says+AP+class+teaches+critical+race+theory.+Here%27s+what%27s+really+in+the+course&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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