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How Thoughtful Post-Secondary Planning Can Raise Expectations for Students in Special Education
Why Recognizing Dyslexia In Children At School Can Be Difficult
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They reviewed statistics, heard school counselor recommendations and spoke with college representatives. It’s a common enough scene. Many high schools host college and career nights to help students and parents plan for the future, but this one had a twist: it was designed specifically for students with disabilities and their families.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once students, especially students of color, are labeled with a disability, they “are more likely to be in the most restrictive environments,” which often limits that student’s access to the general education curriculum, said Erin Kilpatrick, the high school counselor who organized the event. “To be successful and have a chance to go to college…[students] need access to general education classes and honors classes.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s why Kilpatrick organized the post-secondary planning night, which included presentations from representatives of disability support offices at three colleges. She has seen throughout her career that low expectations at the high school level often mean that students with disabilities and their families are unprepared for post-secondary education opportunities. She has, for example, received calls from parents asking about their student’s options for a college education after they’ve already graduated and left the school. In Kilpatrick’s observation, only a fraction of students with disabilities pursue post-secondary education or are working within a few years of graduation. For the 2019 post-secondary planning night, her team predicted an attendance of 15 to 20, but ended up hosting four times that amount. The event was tailored to parents of students with Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) and 504 plans, both of which lay out specific environmental and academic accommodations for a student with a diagnosed disability.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Kilpatrick, a partnership between educators and parents of students with disabilities gives parents the knowledge and social capital to be the best advocates for their children. Such partnerships also allow school counselors and special education teachers to tailor the post-secondary options to the child based on the child’s strengths, abilities and interests.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of Kilpatrick’s concerns is when a student with disabilities becomes \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/students-finishing-high-school-degrees-dont-help-go-college/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">siloed onto an IEP diploma track\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Unlike a general education high school diploma, which students with an IEP are eligible to obtain, an IEP diploma does not fulfill requirements to join the military or get accepted into a two- or four-year colleges and universities. Parents may not know this and often rely on the expertise of school systems, which may not always push students with disabilities towards a general education diploma, said Kilpatrick. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">High school exit exams can be another barrier to students with disabilities obtaining a general education diploma. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/more-states-could-drop-their-high-school-exit-exams/2023/11#:~:text=In%20January%2C%20the%20National%20Center,and%20Wyoming%E2%80%94still%20require%20the\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nine states require a passing score on the high school exit exam\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to receive a high school diploma, according to Education Week. During research for her dissertation, Kilpatrick met a parent whose twins had a specific learning disability and took the high school exit exam a combined total of 25 times. The hours dedicated to the exit exam came out as the equivalent to several days of high school life and could’ve been devoted to learning skills, such as job interview practice, said Kilpatrick. Georgia, where Kilpatrick works, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gadoe.org/Curriculum-Instruction-and-Assessment/Assessment/Pages/GHSGT.aspx#:~:text=This%20law%20became%20effective%20upon,GHSGT%20is%20no%20longer%20administered.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">suspended the high school exit exam in 2015\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Leslie Lipson, a lawyer with 21 years of experience in legal educational and disability advocacy, said that the biggest systemic barrier that people with disabilities face is that they “are devalued as a whole in our culture.” The K-12 education system is a reflection of cultural and social experience at large, she added. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kilpatrick recommended that parents and students explore all of the options available to them regarding post-secondary education, starting in ninth grade. This includes the different academic tracks and career clusters available, as well as advocating for check-ins about those academic goals at every annual IEP meeting. Kilpatrick also encouraged families to inquire with testing providers about accommodations for the SAT, ACT and AP exams. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is also important that students and parents know that they can advocate for or request honors, advanced placement, gifted and dual enrollment classes, said Kilpatrick. She also said that parents and students must remain mindful about the changes to legal protections when a student transitions from a K-12 education to post-secondary education options. Specifically, the change from \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sites.ed.gov/idea/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">IDEA protections\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which ensure k-12 students have free access to diagnostic and special education services, to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ada.gov/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ADA\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://archive.ada.gov/nprm_adaaa/adaaa-nprm-qa.htm#:~:text=Under%20the%20ADAAA%2C%20the%20focus,severity%20of%20the%20person's%20impairment.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ADAAA\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> protections, which ensure equal rights and protections for students with disabilities on college campuses and beyond.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">From her dissertation research, Kilpatrick cited a solid support system as a factor in success after high school for students with disabilities. Many caregivers she talked to found knowledge-sharing between families helpful. Those networks may be found through school connections or other avenues, such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.p2pusa.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parent to Parent\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, an organization that offers resources to parents and families of children with disabilities. Parents spend emotional labor, often invisible to schools and educators, said Kilpatrick, and they requested that educators have more empathy towards students with disabilities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Kilpatrick, school systems have to re-envision the possibilities for special education and students with disabilities. This can be done by providing training for educators and instilling a willingness to learn from families of students with disabilities. By holding high expectations for students with disabilities, educators reinforce the idea that these students and families “deserve to be supported,” and “deserve to have great life outcomes,” said Kilpatrick. “Disabilities are not homogeneous.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Low expectations can mean students with disabilities and their families are unprepared for post-secondary education opportunities. Partnerships with school counselors and teachers can help.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713534647,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":967},"headData":{"title":"How Thoughtful Post-Secondary Planning Can Raise Expectations for Students in Special Education | KQED","description":"Teachers and counselors can work with families to ensure that parents know all the options for their child's post-secondary education and careers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Teachers and counselors can work with families to ensure that parents know all the options for their child's post-secondary education and careers.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Thoughtful Post-Secondary Planning Can Raise Expectations for Students in Special Education","datePublished":"2024-03-12T01:30:52.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-19T13:50:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63307/how-thoughtful-post-secondary-planning-can-raise-expectations-for-students-in-special-education","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On a Tuesday evening in 2019, about 80 parents and students gathered in Archer High School in Lawrenceville, Georgia\u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They were there for a night of post-secondary education planning. They reviewed statistics, heard school counselor recommendations and spoke with college representatives. It’s a common enough scene. Many high schools host college and career nights to help students and parents plan for the future, but this one had a twist: it was designed specifically for students with disabilities and their families.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once students, especially students of color, are labeled with a disability, they “are more likely to be in the most restrictive environments,” which often limits that student’s access to the general education curriculum, said Erin Kilpatrick, the high school counselor who organized the event. “To be successful and have a chance to go to college…[students] need access to general education classes and honors classes.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s why Kilpatrick organized the post-secondary planning night, which included presentations from representatives of disability support offices at three colleges. She has seen throughout her career that low expectations at the high school level often mean that students with disabilities and their families are unprepared for post-secondary education opportunities. She has, for example, received calls from parents asking about their student’s options for a college education after they’ve already graduated and left the school. In Kilpatrick’s observation, only a fraction of students with disabilities pursue post-secondary education or are working within a few years of graduation. For the 2019 post-secondary planning night, her team predicted an attendance of 15 to 20, but ended up hosting four times that amount. The event was tailored to parents of students with Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) and 504 plans, both of which lay out specific environmental and academic accommodations for a student with a diagnosed disability.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Kilpatrick, a partnership between educators and parents of students with disabilities gives parents the knowledge and social capital to be the best advocates for their children. Such partnerships also allow school counselors and special education teachers to tailor the post-secondary options to the child based on the child’s strengths, abilities and interests.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of Kilpatrick’s concerns is when a student with disabilities becomes \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/students-finishing-high-school-degrees-dont-help-go-college/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">siloed onto an IEP diploma track\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Unlike a general education high school diploma, which students with an IEP are eligible to obtain, an IEP diploma does not fulfill requirements to join the military or get accepted into a two- or four-year colleges and universities. Parents may not know this and often rely on the expertise of school systems, which may not always push students with disabilities towards a general education diploma, said Kilpatrick. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">High school exit exams can be another barrier to students with disabilities obtaining a general education diploma. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/more-states-could-drop-their-high-school-exit-exams/2023/11#:~:text=In%20January%2C%20the%20National%20Center,and%20Wyoming%E2%80%94still%20require%20the\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nine states require a passing score on the high school exit exam\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to receive a high school diploma, according to Education Week. During research for her dissertation, Kilpatrick met a parent whose twins had a specific learning disability and took the high school exit exam a combined total of 25 times. The hours dedicated to the exit exam came out as the equivalent to several days of high school life and could’ve been devoted to learning skills, such as job interview practice, said Kilpatrick. Georgia, where Kilpatrick works, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gadoe.org/Curriculum-Instruction-and-Assessment/Assessment/Pages/GHSGT.aspx#:~:text=This%20law%20became%20effective%20upon,GHSGT%20is%20no%20longer%20administered.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">suspended the high school exit exam in 2015\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Leslie Lipson, a lawyer with 21 years of experience in legal educational and disability advocacy, said that the biggest systemic barrier that people with disabilities face is that they “are devalued as a whole in our culture.” The K-12 education system is a reflection of cultural and social experience at large, she added. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kilpatrick recommended that parents and students explore all of the options available to them regarding post-secondary education, starting in ninth grade. This includes the different academic tracks and career clusters available, as well as advocating for check-ins about those academic goals at every annual IEP meeting. Kilpatrick also encouraged families to inquire with testing providers about accommodations for the SAT, ACT and AP exams. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is also important that students and parents know that they can advocate for or request honors, advanced placement, gifted and dual enrollment classes, said Kilpatrick. She also said that parents and students must remain mindful about the changes to legal protections when a student transitions from a K-12 education to post-secondary education options. Specifically, the change from \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sites.ed.gov/idea/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">IDEA protections\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which ensure k-12 students have free access to diagnostic and special education services, to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ada.gov/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ADA\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://archive.ada.gov/nprm_adaaa/adaaa-nprm-qa.htm#:~:text=Under%20the%20ADAAA%2C%20the%20focus,severity%20of%20the%20person's%20impairment.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ADAAA\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> protections, which ensure equal rights and protections for students with disabilities on college campuses and beyond.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">From her dissertation research, Kilpatrick cited a solid support system as a factor in success after high school for students with disabilities. Many caregivers she talked to found knowledge-sharing between families helpful. Those networks may be found through school connections or other avenues, such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.p2pusa.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parent to Parent\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, an organization that offers resources to parents and families of children with disabilities. Parents spend emotional labor, often invisible to schools and educators, said Kilpatrick, and they requested that educators have more empathy towards students with disabilities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Kilpatrick, school systems have to re-envision the possibilities for special education and students with disabilities. This can be done by providing training for educators and instilling a willingness to learn from families of students with disabilities. By holding high expectations for students with disabilities, educators reinforce the idea that these students and families “deserve to be supported,” and “deserve to have great life outcomes,” said Kilpatrick. “Disabilities are not homogeneous.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63307/how-thoughtful-post-secondary-planning-can-raise-expectations-for-students-in-special-education","authors":["11759"],"categories":["mindshift_21579"],"tags":["mindshift_21901","mindshift_21261","mindshift_21189","mindshift_21718","mindshift_21348","mindshift_20922","mindshift_20934"],"featImg":"mindshift_63313","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_41908":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_41908","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"41908","score":null,"sort":[1444310523000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-recognizing-dyslexia-in-children-at-school-can-be-difficult","title":"Why Recognizing Dyslexia In Children At School Can Be Difficult","publishDate":1444310523,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>When Anna and Chris Thorsen of Nashville sat down for the first parent-teacher conference of their daughter Clara’s second-grade year, they weren’t surprised to hear that Clara was having trouble telling time. Her teacher also said that Clara seemed to learn something one day, then forget it the next; her writing was poor and slanted upward, no matter how hard she tried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“My husband starts to smile and reaches over and pets my arm, because in that moment, we both know Clara has dyslexia. There’s no question,” said Anna Thorsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Thorsen knows something about dyslexia herself, having struggled through school, and having been diagnosed with it at age 27. “It was almost like her teacher was ticking through a dyslexia checklist and didn’t know it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In many \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/10/01/understanding-dyslexia-and-the-reading-brain-in-kids/\">children with dyslexia\u003c/a>, a neurobiological condition in which the brain fails to read words or letters, a lack of swift and intensive intervention can result in reading failure as well as psychological difficulties for the child. When the Thorsens came home from the conference, they decided to get Clara tested immediately and then decide the next steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Challenges at School\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Getting testing and intervention for dyslexia at their public school proved to be more complicated than it first appeared. The Thorsens experienced more hurdles than they had expected, including the most basic: recognizing that dyslexia exists. Thorsen recalled the Nashville school district telling them that the state of Tennessee didn’t recognize dyslexia as a learning disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Many children aren’t receiving the diagnosis and intervention they desperately need to do well in school, and many families don’t have the means for expensive testing and tutoring.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But the Thorsens, who are both attorneys, knew differently. The Tennessee statehouse had passed the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.tnida.org/docs/Dyslexia-is-Real-Bill-HR1735-SN2002.pdf\">Dyslexia is Real\u003c/a>” bill some months before, in April 2014. The law made provisions for dyslexia as a recognized reading disability, as well as for teacher training on dyslexia, both for teachers already teaching and in education schools in Tennessee. Yet while provisions had been decided at the state level, for one reason or another, they hadn’t made their way down to the district, which was still operating under old guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When the Thorsens showed the school and the district laws from both the federal government and the state of Tennessee recognizing dyslexia as a learning disability, their school listened and agreed to help Clara get what she needed. But the family received pushback from the district, which balked at giving Clara, whose tests showed she was highly dyslexic with a high IQ, an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) without going through the proper channel -- in this case, 26 weeks of specialized reading instruction happening inside the classroom called Response To Intervention (RTI). If Clara failed to improve after 26 weeks, she would then qualify for an IEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">With a positive diagnosis in hand, the Thorsens believed that 26 weeks of RTI would only delay a more dyslexia-specific intervention. They enlisted the help of the Office of Special Education Programs at the federal Department of Education to pressure the state of Tennessee to recognize dyslexia as a reading disability, even though the “Dyslexia is Real” law was already firmly in place. After a monthlong struggle to secure services, the district finally relented, giving Clara an IEP that focused on both her dyslexia and her giftedness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The district said it is only following guidelines set up by the state of Tennessee. \"We test for specific learning disabilities in accordance with state guidelines,\" said Debbie McAdams, executive director for exceptional education at Metro Nashville Public Schools. \"Dyslexia falls under the term 'Specific Learning Disability'. The universal screening used in MNPS screens for basic reading deficits, including phonemic awareness, phonics, word reading and fluency, which are all deficits associated with dyslexia.\" She said that students receive intervention for reading difficulties whether or not they have an IEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Dyslexia Recognition Elsewhere\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The Thorsens are happy to report that Clara is currently receiving the targeted intervention she needs. But their story is far from singular: Families interviewed across the country reveal that both public and private schools aren’t fully aware of the signs of dyslexia, even though it affects 5-20 percent of schoolchildren. And, once diagnosed, schools are often unsure -- or even afraid -- of how to intervene. Currently, only 30 states recognize dyslexia as a learning disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.coe.arizona.edu/faculty_profile/1883\">Nancy Mather\u003c/a>, professor of Disabilities and Psychoeducational Studies at the University of Arizona, screening and intervention, not to mention teacher education, mandated by law is much more uneven across states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42344\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-42344 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2015/10/Dyslexia-Map-e1444260414644.jpg\" alt=\"Dyslexia Map\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Nancy Mather and Martha Youman \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Nancy Mather and Martha Youman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">A disconnect between laws passed at the state or federal level and district enforcement is common, Mather said, and awareness needs to be raised about dyslexia as a learning disability. In an article soon to be published in \u003ca href=\"https://eida.org/perspectives/\">Perspectives\u003c/a>, the journal of the \u003ca href=\"http://eida.org/\">International Dyslexia Association\u003c/a>, Mather and colleague Martha Youman highlight the inconsistencies of how dyslexia is defined in different states across the U.S.:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“A number of states have spearheaded the recognition of dyslexia as a unique disorder with prevalence rates varying from 5% to 20% among researchers and national and international organizations. This effort to recognize dyslexia is crucial because, unfortunately, the terminology used to describe reading disorders varies across states and settings. Individuals with dyslexia who are diagnosed in school settings fall under the category of “Specific Learning Disability (SLD),” a category within the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA 2004). Individuals with dyslexia diagnosed in clinical settings fall under the category of Specific Learning Disorder with Impairment in Reading as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Both diagnoses include “dyslexia” as a descriptive term within their definitions, but within school settings, the actual term “dyslexia” is rarely used in psychological and diagnostic reports. Thus, most parents of children who receive special education services at school under the category of SLD in reading have not been informed that their child has dyslexia. Similarly, if a clinical diagnosis of Specific Learning Disorder with Impairment in Reading is made in a clinical setting with DSM-5, parents and teachers may not necessarily understand that this label encompasses dyslexia. With the hopes of separating dyslexia from a large umbrella of learning disorders, the states of Alabama, Illinois, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas, have passed legislation for the recognition of a dyslexia day, week, or month. On such dates, schools and mental health practitioners are encouraged to educate others about the common characteristics of dyslexia, as well as the appropriate accommodations and interventions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Dyslexia is the most common type of learning disability,” Mather said. “Seventy-five to 80 percent of kids with Specified Learning Disabilities (SLD) have some form of dyslexia. But states have all kinds of terminology, and labels differ from state to state, which is why in Tennessee, they said, we don’t \u003ci>have\u003c/i> dyslexia. It creates confusion. The parents are told their child has an SLD, but don’t realize their child has dyslexia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Even among the state dyslexia laws that do exist, many don’t have much meat on the bone. Passing a law creating “Dyslexia Awareness Month,” Mather said, is nice but isn’t going to do much to help the kids who are sitting in classrooms right now, struggling to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“When there’s awareness, you’re more likely to get the right kind of diagnosis and the right kind of teacher,” she said, but much more needs to be done. “Teachers need more training in specific methodologies, teachers need a strong background in language structure. They need very specific training to teach students with dyslexia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Advocating for Intervention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Families interviewed for this story reported feelings of panic surrounding the whole issue, from trying to diagnose a failure to read, plus the maze of tests, services and interventions involved, often coming with hefty price tags. Brooklyn parent Zanthe Taylor paid $4,000 for a battery of tests for her daughter, Calliope, when her private school requested independent testing. There were free options for both testing and tutoring, Taylor found out later, but she wasn’t made aware of them. And even the free options came with hurdles: wait lists were impossibly long, and free tutors had to come from a state-approved list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The Thorsens attempted to get Clara tested at a highly regarded dyslexia clinic in suburban Nashville for $35, but were put on a seven-to-eight-month wait list. Impatient to begin intervention, they opted for a local, private center that provided a comprehensive test in the same week for $800. Both Taylor and the Thorsens also pay for private tutors on top of help received at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Experts like Mather and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/10/01/understanding-dyslexia-and-the-reading-brain-in-kids/\">Maryanne Wolf of Tufts University\u003c/a> say the core of the panic and confusion from states on down to classrooms can largely be avoided with proper understanding of what dyslexia is and what it isn't. When schools and educators are properly trained on how to identify the different manifestations of dyslexia and to intervene appropriately, panic dissipates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">They confirmed that what families experienced was real, and part of a bigger picture: Many children aren’t receiving the diagnosis and intervention they desperately need to do well in school, and many families don’t have the means for expensive testing and tutoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The kids don’t get any better, that’s what happens,” Mather said. “That’s the reality -- it’s the fortunate few who get some kind of help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Mather worked with educational software development company MindPlay to develop a \u003ca href=\"http://mindplay.com/\">three-hour video course\u003c/a> designed specifically for teachers to better understand dyslexia.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think it’s important for teachers to have a basic understanding of dyslexia,” Mather said. “It makes them more empathetic, alerts them that this is a real problem. They may not realize how much it affects students’ self-esteem when everyone can read, and they can’t.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Dyslexia is the most common type of learning disability but diagnosing it and providing services for kids in private and public schools can be a long uphill battle. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1444310523,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":1738},"headData":{"title":"Why Recognizing Dyslexia In Children At School Can Be Difficult | KQED","description":"Dyslexia is the most common type of learning disability but diagnosing it and providing services for kids in private and public schools can be a long uphill battle. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Recognizing Dyslexia In Children At School Can Be Difficult","datePublished":"2015-10-08T13:22:03.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-08T13:22:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"41908 http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=41908","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/10/08/why-recognizing-dyslexia-in-children-at-school-can-be-difficult/","disqusTitle":"Why Recognizing Dyslexia In Children At School Can Be Difficult","path":"/mindshift/41908/why-recognizing-dyslexia-in-children-at-school-can-be-difficult","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Anna and Chris Thorsen of Nashville sat down for the first parent-teacher conference of their daughter Clara’s second-grade year, they weren’t surprised to hear that Clara was having trouble telling time. Her teacher also said that Clara seemed to learn something one day, then forget it the next; her writing was poor and slanted upward, no matter how hard she tried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“My husband starts to smile and reaches over and pets my arm, because in that moment, we both know Clara has dyslexia. There’s no question,” said Anna Thorsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Thorsen knows something about dyslexia herself, having struggled through school, and having been diagnosed with it at age 27. “It was almost like her teacher was ticking through a dyslexia checklist and didn’t know it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In many \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/10/01/understanding-dyslexia-and-the-reading-brain-in-kids/\">children with dyslexia\u003c/a>, a neurobiological condition in which the brain fails to read words or letters, a lack of swift and intensive intervention can result in reading failure as well as psychological difficulties for the child. When the Thorsens came home from the conference, they decided to get Clara tested immediately and then decide the next steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Challenges at School\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Getting testing and intervention for dyslexia at their public school proved to be more complicated than it first appeared. The Thorsens experienced more hurdles than they had expected, including the most basic: recognizing that dyslexia exists. Thorsen recalled the Nashville school district telling them that the state of Tennessee didn’t recognize dyslexia as a learning disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Many children aren’t receiving the diagnosis and intervention they desperately need to do well in school, and many families don’t have the means for expensive testing and tutoring.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But the Thorsens, who are both attorneys, knew differently. The Tennessee statehouse had passed the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.tnida.org/docs/Dyslexia-is-Real-Bill-HR1735-SN2002.pdf\">Dyslexia is Real\u003c/a>” bill some months before, in April 2014. The law made provisions for dyslexia as a recognized reading disability, as well as for teacher training on dyslexia, both for teachers already teaching and in education schools in Tennessee. Yet while provisions had been decided at the state level, for one reason or another, they hadn’t made their way down to the district, which was still operating under old guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When the Thorsens showed the school and the district laws from both the federal government and the state of Tennessee recognizing dyslexia as a learning disability, their school listened and agreed to help Clara get what she needed. But the family received pushback from the district, which balked at giving Clara, whose tests showed she was highly dyslexic with a high IQ, an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) without going through the proper channel -- in this case, 26 weeks of specialized reading instruction happening inside the classroom called Response To Intervention (RTI). If Clara failed to improve after 26 weeks, she would then qualify for an IEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">With a positive diagnosis in hand, the Thorsens believed that 26 weeks of RTI would only delay a more dyslexia-specific intervention. They enlisted the help of the Office of Special Education Programs at the federal Department of Education to pressure the state of Tennessee to recognize dyslexia as a reading disability, even though the “Dyslexia is Real” law was already firmly in place. After a monthlong struggle to secure services, the district finally relented, giving Clara an IEP that focused on both her dyslexia and her giftedness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The district said it is only following guidelines set up by the state of Tennessee. \"We test for specific learning disabilities in accordance with state guidelines,\" said Debbie McAdams, executive director for exceptional education at Metro Nashville Public Schools. \"Dyslexia falls under the term 'Specific Learning Disability'. The universal screening used in MNPS screens for basic reading deficits, including phonemic awareness, phonics, word reading and fluency, which are all deficits associated with dyslexia.\" She said that students receive intervention for reading difficulties whether or not they have an IEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Dyslexia Recognition Elsewhere\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The Thorsens are happy to report that Clara is currently receiving the targeted intervention she needs. But their story is far from singular: Families interviewed across the country reveal that both public and private schools aren’t fully aware of the signs of dyslexia, even though it affects 5-20 percent of schoolchildren. And, once diagnosed, schools are often unsure -- or even afraid -- of how to intervene. Currently, only 30 states recognize dyslexia as a learning disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.coe.arizona.edu/faculty_profile/1883\">Nancy Mather\u003c/a>, professor of Disabilities and Psychoeducational Studies at the University of Arizona, screening and intervention, not to mention teacher education, mandated by law is much more uneven across states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42344\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-42344 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2015/10/Dyslexia-Map-e1444260414644.jpg\" alt=\"Dyslexia Map\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Nancy Mather and Martha Youman \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Nancy Mather and Martha Youman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">A disconnect between laws passed at the state or federal level and district enforcement is common, Mather said, and awareness needs to be raised about dyslexia as a learning disability. In an article soon to be published in \u003ca href=\"https://eida.org/perspectives/\">Perspectives\u003c/a>, the journal of the \u003ca href=\"http://eida.org/\">International Dyslexia Association\u003c/a>, Mather and colleague Martha Youman highlight the inconsistencies of how dyslexia is defined in different states across the U.S.:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“A number of states have spearheaded the recognition of dyslexia as a unique disorder with prevalence rates varying from 5% to 20% among researchers and national and international organizations. This effort to recognize dyslexia is crucial because, unfortunately, the terminology used to describe reading disorders varies across states and settings. Individuals with dyslexia who are diagnosed in school settings fall under the category of “Specific Learning Disability (SLD),” a category within the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA 2004). Individuals with dyslexia diagnosed in clinical settings fall under the category of Specific Learning Disorder with Impairment in Reading as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Both diagnoses include “dyslexia” as a descriptive term within their definitions, but within school settings, the actual term “dyslexia” is rarely used in psychological and diagnostic reports. Thus, most parents of children who receive special education services at school under the category of SLD in reading have not been informed that their child has dyslexia. Similarly, if a clinical diagnosis of Specific Learning Disorder with Impairment in Reading is made in a clinical setting with DSM-5, parents and teachers may not necessarily understand that this label encompasses dyslexia. With the hopes of separating dyslexia from a large umbrella of learning disorders, the states of Alabama, Illinois, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas, have passed legislation for the recognition of a dyslexia day, week, or month. On such dates, schools and mental health practitioners are encouraged to educate others about the common characteristics of dyslexia, as well as the appropriate accommodations and interventions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Dyslexia is the most common type of learning disability,” Mather said. “Seventy-five to 80 percent of kids with Specified Learning Disabilities (SLD) have some form of dyslexia. But states have all kinds of terminology, and labels differ from state to state, which is why in Tennessee, they said, we don’t \u003ci>have\u003c/i> dyslexia. It creates confusion. The parents are told their child has an SLD, but don’t realize their child has dyslexia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Even among the state dyslexia laws that do exist, many don’t have much meat on the bone. Passing a law creating “Dyslexia Awareness Month,” Mather said, is nice but isn’t going to do much to help the kids who are sitting in classrooms right now, struggling to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“When there’s awareness, you’re more likely to get the right kind of diagnosis and the right kind of teacher,” she said, but much more needs to be done. “Teachers need more training in specific methodologies, teachers need a strong background in language structure. They need very specific training to teach students with dyslexia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Advocating for Intervention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Families interviewed for this story reported feelings of panic surrounding the whole issue, from trying to diagnose a failure to read, plus the maze of tests, services and interventions involved, often coming with hefty price tags. Brooklyn parent Zanthe Taylor paid $4,000 for a battery of tests for her daughter, Calliope, when her private school requested independent testing. There were free options for both testing and tutoring, Taylor found out later, but she wasn’t made aware of them. And even the free options came with hurdles: wait lists were impossibly long, and free tutors had to come from a state-approved list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The Thorsens attempted to get Clara tested at a highly regarded dyslexia clinic in suburban Nashville for $35, but were put on a seven-to-eight-month wait list. Impatient to begin intervention, they opted for a local, private center that provided a comprehensive test in the same week for $800. Both Taylor and the Thorsens also pay for private tutors on top of help received at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Experts like Mather and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/10/01/understanding-dyslexia-and-the-reading-brain-in-kids/\">Maryanne Wolf of Tufts University\u003c/a> say the core of the panic and confusion from states on down to classrooms can largely be avoided with proper understanding of what dyslexia is and what it isn't. When schools and educators are properly trained on how to identify the different manifestations of dyslexia and to intervene appropriately, panic dissipates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">They confirmed that what families experienced was real, and part of a bigger picture: Many children aren’t receiving the diagnosis and intervention they desperately need to do well in school, and many families don’t have the means for expensive testing and tutoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The kids don’t get any better, that’s what happens,” Mather said. “That’s the reality -- it’s the fortunate few who get some kind of help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Mather worked with educational software development company MindPlay to develop a \u003ca href=\"http://mindplay.com/\">three-hour video course\u003c/a> designed specifically for teachers to better understand dyslexia.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think it’s important for teachers to have a basic understanding of dyslexia,” Mather said. “It makes them more empathetic, alerts them that this is a real problem. They may not realize how much it affects students’ self-esteem when everyone can read, and they can’t.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/41908/why-recognizing-dyslexia-in-children-at-school-can-be-difficult","authors":["4445"],"categories":["mindshift_192","mindshift_194"],"tags":["mindshift_160","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20922"],"featImg":"mindshift_42357","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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