The SF Giants Are Zapping Their Brains With Electricity. Will It Help?
Despite Warnings, There's a DIY Brain Stimulation Community
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Will It Help?","publishDate":1494253815,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The San Francisco Giants, with the worst record in the National League, could probably use a shot of electricity about now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, they're already getting a shot of electricity\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span>literally.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>About a third of the major league roster, including \"some big-name players,\" are working out while using high-tech headgear that sends a weak electric current to the brain, says Geoff Head, the team's official sports scientist. The technology, called transcranial direct current stimulation, or tDCS, theoretically improves athletic performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So ... which players?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/05/WebTDCS.mp3\" program=\"Listen to the radio version of this story by clicking below\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/SciencePlayer_BG.jpeg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Head wouldn't name names, but said if the technology showed results by the end of the season, some players would probably go public saying they used it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tyler Beede, at least, is a believer. Watching a promotional video in which the Giants' top pitching prospect hurls pitch after pitch while wearing a set of headphones, you'd think he was listening to tunes. But he's not -- instead, he's getting the juice, tDCS-style.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very unique feeling,\" Beede explains in the video. \"You put it on, and it does have that kind of tickling, zapping feeling on your brain, but that’s kind of the reason you know its working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beede, currently playing for the Giants' Sacramento AAA team, credits his \u003ca href=\"http://www.milb.com/player/index.jsp?player_id=595881#/career/R/pitching/2017/ALL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">improved pitching\u003c/a> in 2016 at least in part to the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tech Central\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The headphones, from Halo Neuroscience, are just the latest health tech the team has sampled. Being in San Francisco, digital health startups frequently approach the club in hopes of getting a major league tryout, and Halo is located just blocks from the Giants' AT&T Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_385549\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-385549\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-1020x1275.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-768x960.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-1920x2400.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-1180x1475.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-960x1200.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-240x300.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-375x469.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-520x650.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sacramento River Cats catcher Austin Slater giving his brain a little electrical juice. \u003ccite>(Halo Neuroscience)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Head says his role as sports scientist is to \"weed through\" a lot of the gadgets that companies send the team's way. Plenty of them, says Head, \"overpromise and underdeliver.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Head decided to try the headset, called Halo Sport, during spring training last year\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—he gave them to s\u003c/span>ome minor leaguers to wear as they sprinted 20-yard dashes. After two weeks, Head analyzed the results and found that the players who wore the equipment had\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>shaved off a few one-hundredths of a second compared to a control group.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the promotional video, Beede says, \"Your brain just becomes so in tune with what you’ve been doing that it can memorize your movements to help you go to that next level.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Targeting the Motor Cortex\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using Halo's headset is kind of like plugging your brain into a 9-volt battery\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> giving your neurons a little extra jolt and priming them for action.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Brain stimulation has been around since recorded history. They used to use electric fish to help migraines or gout or some other problems in ancient Egypt.’ \u003ccite>Theodore Zanto, UCSF neuroscientist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The earphones are actually just for show, allowing the wearer to use the technology \"without necessarily displaying it to the world,\" a spokesperson for Halo said. The electrodes in the $750 headset are hidden inside the band that connects the earphones. The electrodes target the motor cortex, which is the region of the brain located across the top of your head, spanning ear to ear. The motor cortex sends electrical signals from your neurons to targeted groups of muscle fibers, causing them to contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People like to say that electricity is the currency of the brain and that in many ways the brain is a circuit,\" says Marom Bikson, a professor of biomedical engineering at City College of New York. \"So when we apply electricity to the brain, we interact with that circuit, and we can change how that circuit works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theodore Zanto, director of the Neuroscape Neuroscience Research Program at UCSF, thinks applying electricity to the motor cortex enables it to \"trigger the 'execute movement' signal faster,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiring the brain received a pretty bad rap last century when \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/electroconvulsive-therapy/basics/definition/prc-20014161\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">electroconvulsive therapy \u003c/a>was used to deliberately induce brain seizures in order to treat mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tDCS uses a very low-voltage electrical charge\u003cb>. \u003c/b>Researchers say the major concerns are minor burns, itching, fatigue and nausea. Most of the known injuries have occurred in the the do-it-yourself community, from people who constructed homemade tDCS headsets after watching YouTube tutorials.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jury's Still Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though companies like \u003ca href=\"https://www.haloneuro.com/\">Halo\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thync.com/\">Thync\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.foc.us/edge-tdcs-headset\">Focus\u003c/a> promise their brain-boosting headsets will reduce fatigue, sharpen focus and improve muscle endurance, experts are cautious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a thousand peer-reviewed studies have looked at how a mild brain jolt from electricity improves everything from \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17614951\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">physical actions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004959\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memory\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160414095949.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">creativity\u003c/a>, and the results are highly inconsistent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the reasons why we believe the effects are highly variable is because everyone has slightly different thicknesses of scalp, thicknesses of skull, different amounts of cerebrospinal fluid, and that’s what the current has to travel through before it even gets to the brain,\" says Zanto. He also says age, gender, ethnicity and illness can influence results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bikson says marketing claims about tDCS often exaggerate the results from lab studies. For example, researchers may measure how fast someone can press a sensor with their finger before and after wearing a tDCS device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And we may see a positive effect,\" says Bikson. \"But that is a world away, though, from a professional basketball player having a marginal improvement in their three-point success percentage after tDCS.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though a lot of the data is conflicting, the most positive results do support using tDCS to improve motor control. Hence the slew of startups targeting athletes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Giants' Head says even a tiny advantage can help win games at the major league level. An improvement of two-hundredths of a second can be \"the difference between safe and out sometimes,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'This is My Brain on Fire'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_383008\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-383008\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/IMG_1879-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World record holding powerlifter Emily Hu wears Halo Sport headphones while she warms up at Boss Barbell gym in Mountain View. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a Mountain View gym recently, Emily Hu, a world record holder in power lifting, tightened her silent black Halo headphones before sliding underneath a bar to bench press 220 pounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I feel the tingling sensation I think, ‘OK. This is my brain on fire,\" says Hu. \"Let’s go!’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year ago she tried stimulating her brain for the first time, while doing squats. Usually she adds just a few pounds to the bar between workouts, but the week she tried tDCS she was able to add nine, peaking at 295 pounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people say, 'You know that could have been a fluke because that was only one data point,' \" says Hu. \" But for me it was a positive enough change that I thought, 'Well, I am going to stick with this device.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Hu hasn’t seen the same kind of improvement every week, she wears the headphones routinely while warming up. “I think it gives me a false sense of confidence to feel the device work,” she says, grinning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here to Stay?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Zanto nor Bikson, both academics, are popping tDCS devices onto their own heads -- not to improve athletic performance, anyway. But they both predict the technology is here to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Brain stimulation has been around since recorded history,\" says Zanto. \"They used to use electric fish to help migraines or gout or some other problems in ancient Egypt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hype around tDCS inspires a lot of new questions. What are the long-term effects of wiring your brain daily? When you zap one part of the brain, are you influencing another region unknowingly, maybe even destructively?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And might using tDCS one day be considered a form of cheating?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe years from now we’ll look back at what we’re doing today and we’ll just say to ourselves we really were just feeling around in the dark,\" says Zanto.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An increasing number of professional athletes are stimulating their brains electrically to gain a competitive edge. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1520293616,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":1408},"headData":{"title":"The SF Giants Are Zapping Their Brains With Electricity. Will It Help? | KQED","description":"An increasing number of professional athletes are stimulating their brains electrically to gain a competitive edge. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The SF Giants Are Zapping Their Brains With Electricity. Will It Help?","datePublished":"2017-05-08T14:30:15.000Z","dateModified":"2018-03-05T23:46:56.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"381011 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=381011","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/08/the-san-francisco-giants-are-zapping-players-brains-with-electricity-will-it-help/","disqusTitle":"The SF Giants Are Zapping Their Brains With Electricity. Will It Help?","source":"KQED Future of You","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/05/WebTDCS.mp3","customPermalink":"2017/05/05/san-francisco-giants-brain-electricity/","path":"/futureofyou/381011/the-san-francisco-giants-are-zapping-players-brains-with-electricity-will-it-help","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Francisco Giants, with the worst record in the National League, could probably use a shot of electricity about now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, they're already getting a shot of electricity\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span>literally.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>About a third of the major league roster, including \"some big-name players,\" are working out while using high-tech headgear that sends a weak electric current to the brain, says Geoff Head, the team's official sports scientist. The technology, called transcranial direct current stimulation, or tDCS, theoretically improves athletic performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So ... which players?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/05/WebTDCS.mp3","program":"Listen to the radio version of this story by clicking below","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/SciencePlayer_BG.jpeg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Head wouldn't name names, but said if the technology showed results by the end of the season, some players would probably go public saying they used it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tyler Beede, at least, is a believer. Watching a promotional video in which the Giants' top pitching prospect hurls pitch after pitch while wearing a set of headphones, you'd think he was listening to tunes. But he's not -- instead, he's getting the juice, tDCS-style.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very unique feeling,\" Beede explains in the video. \"You put it on, and it does have that kind of tickling, zapping feeling on your brain, but that’s kind of the reason you know its working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beede, currently playing for the Giants' Sacramento AAA team, credits his \u003ca href=\"http://www.milb.com/player/index.jsp?player_id=595881#/career/R/pitching/2017/ALL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">improved pitching\u003c/a> in 2016 at least in part to the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tech Central\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The headphones, from Halo Neuroscience, are just the latest health tech the team has sampled. Being in San Francisco, digital health startups frequently approach the club in hopes of getting a major league tryout, and Halo is located just blocks from the Giants' AT&T Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_385549\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-385549\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-1020x1275.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-768x960.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-1920x2400.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-1180x1475.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-960x1200.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-240x300.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-375x469.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/AustinSlaterCatching-520x650.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sacramento River Cats catcher Austin Slater giving his brain a little electrical juice. \u003ccite>(Halo Neuroscience)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Head says his role as sports scientist is to \"weed through\" a lot of the gadgets that companies send the team's way. Plenty of them, says Head, \"overpromise and underdeliver.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Head decided to try the headset, called Halo Sport, during spring training last year\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—he gave them to s\u003c/span>ome minor leaguers to wear as they sprinted 20-yard dashes. After two weeks, Head analyzed the results and found that the players who wore the equipment had\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>shaved off a few one-hundredths of a second compared to a control group.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the promotional video, Beede says, \"Your brain just becomes so in tune with what you’ve been doing that it can memorize your movements to help you go to that next level.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Targeting the Motor Cortex\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using Halo's headset is kind of like plugging your brain into a 9-volt battery\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> giving your neurons a little extra jolt and priming them for action.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Brain stimulation has been around since recorded history. They used to use electric fish to help migraines or gout or some other problems in ancient Egypt.’ \u003ccite>Theodore Zanto, UCSF neuroscientist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The earphones are actually just for show, allowing the wearer to use the technology \"without necessarily displaying it to the world,\" a spokesperson for Halo said. The electrodes in the $750 headset are hidden inside the band that connects the earphones. The electrodes target the motor cortex, which is the region of the brain located across the top of your head, spanning ear to ear. The motor cortex sends electrical signals from your neurons to targeted groups of muscle fibers, causing them to contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People like to say that electricity is the currency of the brain and that in many ways the brain is a circuit,\" says Marom Bikson, a professor of biomedical engineering at City College of New York. \"So when we apply electricity to the brain, we interact with that circuit, and we can change how that circuit works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theodore Zanto, director of the Neuroscape Neuroscience Research Program at UCSF, thinks applying electricity to the motor cortex enables it to \"trigger the 'execute movement' signal faster,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiring the brain received a pretty bad rap last century when \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/electroconvulsive-therapy/basics/definition/prc-20014161\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">electroconvulsive therapy \u003c/a>was used to deliberately induce brain seizures in order to treat mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tDCS uses a very low-voltage electrical charge\u003cb>. \u003c/b>Researchers say the major concerns are minor burns, itching, fatigue and nausea. Most of the known injuries have occurred in the the do-it-yourself community, from people who constructed homemade tDCS headsets after watching YouTube tutorials.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jury's Still Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though companies like \u003ca href=\"https://www.haloneuro.com/\">Halo\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thync.com/\">Thync\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.foc.us/edge-tdcs-headset\">Focus\u003c/a> promise their brain-boosting headsets will reduce fatigue, sharpen focus and improve muscle endurance, experts are cautious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a thousand peer-reviewed studies have looked at how a mild brain jolt from electricity improves everything from \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17614951\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">physical actions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004959\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memory\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160414095949.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">creativity\u003c/a>, and the results are highly inconsistent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the reasons why we believe the effects are highly variable is because everyone has slightly different thicknesses of scalp, thicknesses of skull, different amounts of cerebrospinal fluid, and that’s what the current has to travel through before it even gets to the brain,\" says Zanto. He also says age, gender, ethnicity and illness can influence results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bikson says marketing claims about tDCS often exaggerate the results from lab studies. For example, researchers may measure how fast someone can press a sensor with their finger before and after wearing a tDCS device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And we may see a positive effect,\" says Bikson. \"But that is a world away, though, from a professional basketball player having a marginal improvement in their three-point success percentage after tDCS.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though a lot of the data is conflicting, the most positive results do support using tDCS to improve motor control. Hence the slew of startups targeting athletes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Giants' Head says even a tiny advantage can help win games at the major league level. An improvement of two-hundredths of a second can be \"the difference between safe and out sometimes,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'This is My Brain on Fire'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_383008\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-383008\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/IMG_1879-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World record holding powerlifter Emily Hu wears Halo Sport headphones while she warms up at Boss Barbell gym in Mountain View. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a Mountain View gym recently, Emily Hu, a world record holder in power lifting, tightened her silent black Halo headphones before sliding underneath a bar to bench press 220 pounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I feel the tingling sensation I think, ‘OK. This is my brain on fire,\" says Hu. \"Let’s go!’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year ago she tried stimulating her brain for the first time, while doing squats. Usually she adds just a few pounds to the bar between workouts, but the week she tried tDCS she was able to add nine, peaking at 295 pounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people say, 'You know that could have been a fluke because that was only one data point,' \" says Hu. \" But for me it was a positive enough change that I thought, 'Well, I am going to stick with this device.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Hu hasn’t seen the same kind of improvement every week, she wears the headphones routinely while warming up. “I think it gives me a false sense of confidence to feel the device work,” she says, grinning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here to Stay?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Zanto nor Bikson, both academics, are popping tDCS devices onto their own heads -- not to improve athletic performance, anyway. But they both predict the technology is here to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Brain stimulation has been around since recorded history,\" says Zanto. \"They used to use electric fish to help migraines or gout or some other problems in ancient Egypt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hype around tDCS inspires a lot of new questions. What are the long-term effects of wiring your brain daily? When you zap one part of the brain, are you influencing another region unknowingly, maybe even destructively?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And might using tDCS one day be considered a form of cheating?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe years from now we’ll look back at what we’re doing today and we’ll just say to ourselves we really were just feeling around in the dark,\" says Zanto.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/381011/the-san-francisco-giants-are-zapping-players-brains-with-electricity-will-it-help","authors":["11229"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73","futureofyou_1061"],"tags":["futureofyou_1262","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_848","futureofyou_59","futureofyou_1261","futureofyou_1163"],"featImg":"futureofyou_385517","label":"source_futureofyou_381011"},"futureofyou_321859":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_321859","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"321859","score":null,"sort":[1484754301000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"theres-a-diy-brain-stimulation-community-despite-warnings","title":"Despite Warnings, There's a DIY Brain Stimulation Community","publishDate":1484754301,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Last October, Matt Herich was listening to the news while he drove door to door delivering pizzas. A story came on the radio about a technology that sends an electric current through your brain to possibly make you better at some things — moving, remembering, learning. He was fascinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neurotechnology is called transcranial direct current stimulation, or tDCS for short. At its simplest, the method involves a device that uses little more than a 9-volt battery and some electrodes to send a low-intensity electrical current to a targeted area of the brain, \u003ca href=\"http://www.jove.com/video/2744/electrode-positioning-montage-transcranial-direct-current\">typically via a headset\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a 1,000 studies have been published in peer-reviewed journals over the last decade suggesting benefits of the technique — maybe \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014488609001290\">regulating mood\u003c/a>, possibly \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432809006536\">improving language skills\u003c/a> — but its effects, good \u003cem>or\u003c/em> bad, are far from clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although researchers see possibilities for tDCS in treating diseases and boosting performance, it's still an exploratory technology, says Mark George, editor-in-chief of \u003cem>Brain Stimulation\u003c/em>, a leading journal on neuromodulation. And leading experts have \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/10601333.2015.980944?needAccess=true\">warned against at-home use\u003c/a> of such devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we can figure out safe long-term applications, it's so inexpensive we might be able to use it to boost tons of things,\" says George, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. \"But I have to underline \u003cem>might \u003c/em>-- we don't know yet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Herich finished his shift delivering pizzas, he raced home and began googling. He found a thriving \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/tDCS/\">community on Reddit\u003c/a> and other online forums dedicated to discussing ways to self-administer tDCS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After reading some scientific studies on neurostimulation, Herich decided to give it a try. He eventually got his hands on a rudimentary tDCS device made by a student at Northern Arizona University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did my research before I put the device on my head,\" Herich says. \"So it was a mix between me being confident it would be safe and me taking a leap of faith.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his opinion, the leap of faith paid off. Herich takes online courses on machine learning, and he says that one 20-minute session of tDCS puts him in a state of intense focus that increases his productivity and helps him learn abstract math much faster than before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herich is not alone — beyond the DIY neurostimulation community, companies are cashing in on the phenomenon, offering brain stimulation kits and ready-to-wear headsets, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/this-gadget-gives-you-a-low-voltage-pick-me-up-1437503825\">Thync\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/16/halo-neuroscience/\">Halo\u003c/a>. While the simplest devices can be made with items found in a hardware store, the best-selling versions like \u003ca href=\"http://www.caputron.com/transcutaneous-electrical-stimulation/54-activadose-ii.html?search_query=activadose&results=3\">ActivaDose\u003c/a> or the \u003ca href=\"https://foc.us/\">Foc.us\u003c/a> can cost more than $300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And sales of the devices spike at fairly regular times, says Robin Azzam, CEO of a leading tDCS retailer \u003ca href=\"http://www.caputron.com/content/11-tdcs-device-comaparison\">Caputron\u003c/a>: around college midterms and finals. Caputron also helps point customers to academic studies about tDCS. And Azzam says articles on cognitive enhancement are in particularly high demand during exam times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George says he's also heard students are using tDCS to study for exams, but he doesn't recommend it: There isn't enough data to back up claims that it is effective or safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says an updated article will be published soon detailing the experts' concerns about liberal use of tDCS by the DIY community. The main worries include the risks of mistakes in administration by amateurs and the uncertainty of long-term harmful effects of the technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides, George says, at-home users that attempt to study with the device may actually be doing themselves a disservice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we learn something, we're more likely to remember it in the same environment as when we learned it,\" he says. \"So if you study with one of these devices on and then you take your test without the device, you've violated that rule. You may be very good with it on, but unless they allow you to do that in the exam you're actually hurting yourself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, the safety of devices can vary — given that most tDCS devices aren't marketed with specific medical claims, they are not reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the people that buy these think that they're safe because a company is allowed to sell them,\" says Vince Clark, director of the Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center at the University of New Mexico. \"What they don't know is that a lot of those devices are never evaluated by the FDA. They go to market without safety studies that everybody expects must have happened. They haven't.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like Herich, many users read the literature that supports and condemns tDCS use outside of clinical settings and choose to move forward anyway. And according to \u003ca href=\"http://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2015/08/30/medethics-2015-102704.short\">one academic review of the do-it-yourself brain stimulation community\u003c/a>, most DIYers do draw heavily on existing scientific knowledge, circulate academic journal articles and adopt the standard electrode placement used by scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do understand the risks,\" Herich says. \"I know ... the nature of what it is that I'm doing, connecting a 9-volt to the forehead.\" He acknowledges that to many people it may sound crazy. \"I don't know,\" he says, \"I think I just accept that risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Students+Zap+Their+Brains+For+a+Boost%2C+For+Better+Or+Worse&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Stimulating the brain with electrical currents is exploratory technology. But people are making and buying devices that do that for use at home — and interest rises around exam time.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1484754376,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":879},"headData":{"title":"Despite Warnings, There's a DIY Brain Stimulation Community | KQED","description":"Stimulating the brain with electrical currents is exploratory technology. But people are making and buying devices that do that for use at home — and interest rises around exam time.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Despite Warnings, There's a DIY Brain Stimulation Community","datePublished":"2017-01-18T15:45:01.000Z","dateModified":"2017-01-18T15:46:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"321859 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=321859","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/18/theres-a-diy-brain-stimulation-community-despite-warnings/","disqusTitle":"Despite Warnings, There's a DIY Brain Stimulation Community","source":"KQED Future of You","nprByline":"Riley Beggin\u003cbr />NPR All Tech Considered","nprImageAgency":"Courtesy of Robin Azzam","nprStoryId":"507133313","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=507133313&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/01/07/507133313/students-zap-their-brains-for-a-boost-for-better-or-worse?ft=nprml&f=507133313","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sat, 07 Jan 2017 09:01:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Sat, 07 Jan 2017 09:01:06 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sat, 07 Jan 2017 09:01:06 -0500","path":"/futureofyou/321859/theres-a-diy-brain-stimulation-community-despite-warnings","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last October, Matt Herich was listening to the news while he drove door to door delivering pizzas. A story came on the radio about a technology that sends an electric current through your brain to possibly make you better at some things — moving, remembering, learning. He was fascinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neurotechnology is called transcranial direct current stimulation, or tDCS for short. At its simplest, the method involves a device that uses little more than a 9-volt battery and some electrodes to send a low-intensity electrical current to a targeted area of the brain, \u003ca href=\"http://www.jove.com/video/2744/electrode-positioning-montage-transcranial-direct-current\">typically via a headset\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a 1,000 studies have been published in peer-reviewed journals over the last decade suggesting benefits of the technique — maybe \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014488609001290\">regulating mood\u003c/a>, possibly \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432809006536\">improving language skills\u003c/a> — but its effects, good \u003cem>or\u003c/em> bad, are far from clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although researchers see possibilities for tDCS in treating diseases and boosting performance, it's still an exploratory technology, says Mark George, editor-in-chief of \u003cem>Brain Stimulation\u003c/em>, a leading journal on neuromodulation. And leading experts have \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/10601333.2015.980944?needAccess=true\">warned against at-home use\u003c/a> of such devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we can figure out safe long-term applications, it's so inexpensive we might be able to use it to boost tons of things,\" says George, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. \"But I have to underline \u003cem>might \u003c/em>-- we don't know yet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Herich finished his shift delivering pizzas, he raced home and began googling. He found a thriving \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/tDCS/\">community on Reddit\u003c/a> and other online forums dedicated to discussing ways to self-administer tDCS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After reading some scientific studies on neurostimulation, Herich decided to give it a try. He eventually got his hands on a rudimentary tDCS device made by a student at Northern Arizona University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did my research before I put the device on my head,\" Herich says. \"So it was a mix between me being confident it would be safe and me taking a leap of faith.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his opinion, the leap of faith paid off. Herich takes online courses on machine learning, and he says that one 20-minute session of tDCS puts him in a state of intense focus that increases his productivity and helps him learn abstract math much faster than before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herich is not alone — beyond the DIY neurostimulation community, companies are cashing in on the phenomenon, offering brain stimulation kits and ready-to-wear headsets, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/this-gadget-gives-you-a-low-voltage-pick-me-up-1437503825\">Thync\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/16/halo-neuroscience/\">Halo\u003c/a>. While the simplest devices can be made with items found in a hardware store, the best-selling versions like \u003ca href=\"http://www.caputron.com/transcutaneous-electrical-stimulation/54-activadose-ii.html?search_query=activadose&results=3\">ActivaDose\u003c/a> or the \u003ca href=\"https://foc.us/\">Foc.us\u003c/a> can cost more than $300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And sales of the devices spike at fairly regular times, says Robin Azzam, CEO of a leading tDCS retailer \u003ca href=\"http://www.caputron.com/content/11-tdcs-device-comaparison\">Caputron\u003c/a>: around college midterms and finals. Caputron also helps point customers to academic studies about tDCS. And Azzam says articles on cognitive enhancement are in particularly high demand during exam times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George says he's also heard students are using tDCS to study for exams, but he doesn't recommend it: There isn't enough data to back up claims that it is effective or safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says an updated article will be published soon detailing the experts' concerns about liberal use of tDCS by the DIY community. The main worries include the risks of mistakes in administration by amateurs and the uncertainty of long-term harmful effects of the technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides, George says, at-home users that attempt to study with the device may actually be doing themselves a disservice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we learn something, we're more likely to remember it in the same environment as when we learned it,\" he says. \"So if you study with one of these devices on and then you take your test without the device, you've violated that rule. You may be very good with it on, but unless they allow you to do that in the exam you're actually hurting yourself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, the safety of devices can vary — given that most tDCS devices aren't marketed with specific medical claims, they are not reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the people that buy these think that they're safe because a company is allowed to sell them,\" says Vince Clark, director of the Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center at the University of New Mexico. \"What they don't know is that a lot of those devices are never evaluated by the FDA. They go to market without safety studies that everybody expects must have happened. They haven't.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like Herich, many users read the literature that supports and condemns tDCS use outside of clinical settings and choose to move forward anyway. And according to \u003ca href=\"http://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2015/08/30/medethics-2015-102704.short\">one academic review of the do-it-yourself brain stimulation community\u003c/a>, most DIYers do draw heavily on existing scientific knowledge, circulate academic journal articles and adopt the standard electrode placement used by scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do understand the risks,\" Herich says. \"I know ... the nature of what it is that I'm doing, connecting a 9-volt to the forehead.\" He acknowledges that to many people it may sound crazy. \"I don't know,\" he says, \"I think I just accept that risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Students+Zap+Their+Brains+For+a+Boost%2C+For+Better+Or+Worse&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/321859/theres-a-diy-brain-stimulation-community-despite-warnings","authors":["byline_futureofyou_321859"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1163"],"featImg":"futureofyou_321860","label":"source_futureofyou_321859"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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