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Sponsored
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Her work can be seen, and heard, on a number of networks, Including NPR, PBS, CBS and the BBC.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3eae7a251f0aee43b3c0137a636cb386?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"andreakissack","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"science","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["add_users","create_users","edit_files","edit_users","level_10","level_8","level_9","promote_users","view_cimy_extra_fields","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andrea Kissack | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3eae7a251f0aee43b3c0137a636cb386?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3eae7a251f0aee43b3c0137a636cb386?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andrea-kissack"},"cfarr":{"type":"authors","id":"3252","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3252","found":true},"name":"Christina Farr","firstName":"Christina","lastName":"Farr","slug":"cfarr","email":"cfarr@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Christina Farr (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/chrissyfarr\">@chrissyfarr\u003c/a>) is the former editor and host of Future of You. She was previously with Reuters, covering digital health and Apple and before that, she reported for Venture Beat. Christina was born and raised in London and has graduate degrees from University of London and the Stanford School of Journalism. Farr’s work has appeared in a variety of publications, including the New York Times, the Daily Telegraph, the Bay Citizen and SFGate.com. She has appeared as a featured expert on NBC, ABC and Reuters TV, among others, and frequently speaks at health and technology conferences. She is also co-founder of Ladies Who Vino, a networking group for women in technology and business.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/22c63869a7901c61c15e204391c1261d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Christina Farr | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/22c63869a7901c61c15e204391c1261d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/22c63869a7901c61c15e204391c1261d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/cfarr"},"lesleymcclurg":{"type":"authors","id":"11229","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11229","found":true},"name":"Lesley McClurg","firstName":"Lesley","lastName":"McClurg","slug":"lesleymcclurg","email":"lmcclurg@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"KQED Health Correspondent","bio":"Lesley McClurg is a health correspondent and fill-in host. Her work is regularly rebroadcast on numerous NPR and PBS shows. She has won several regional Emmy awards, a regional and a national Edward R. Murrow award. The Association for Health Journalists awarded Lesley best beat coverage. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her reporting several times. The Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her ongoing coverage of California's historic drought. Before joining KQED in 2016, she covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, the environment for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for both KUOW and KCTS9 in Seattle. When not hunched over her laptop Lesley enjoys skiing with her daughter, cycling with her partner or scheming their next globetrotting adventure. Before motherhood she relished dancing tango till sunrise. When on deadline she fuels herself almost exclusively on chocolate chips.\r\n\r\n ","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"lesleywmcclurg","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lesley McClurg | KQED","description":"KQED Health Correspondent","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lesleymcclurg"},"aahmed":{"type":"authors","id":"11428","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11428","found":true},"name":"Amel Ahmed","firstName":"Amel","lastName":"Ahmed","slug":"aahmed","email":"aahmed@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Amel Ahmed is a reporter for KQED. Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"amelscript","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Amel Ahmed | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/aahmed"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"futureofyou_442039":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_442039","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"442039","score":null,"sort":[1528822825000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"new-blood-tests-promise-to-better-predict-early-labor","title":"New Blood Tests Promise to Better Predict Early Labor","publishDate":1528822825,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Two new blood tests promise pregnant women an easier, more affordable way of predicting their risk for an premature delivery. The blood tests, developed by\u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC San Francisco\u003c/a>, look for specific biomarkers in the mother's bloodstream.[contextly_sidebar id=\"A9EcAExSSebnSiay0So2km8e4YnmN7OM\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preterm delivery, which occurs when a baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy, is the leading cause of death for children under 5 in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6393/1133\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford-led study\u003c/a>, predicts the risk of preterm birth using fetal RNA found in the mother's blood, while the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-018-0112-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF study\u003c/a> focuses on inflammation markers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is currently one blood test on the market that screens for preterm risk, but it comes with serious limitations, according to \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/laura.jelliffe-pawlowski\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski\u003c/a>, co-author of the UCSF study and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://pretermbirth.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF California Preterm Birth Initiative\u003c/a>. The costly test screens only for spontaneous preterm births. About three quarters of preterm births occur spontaneously while 25 percent are induced due to medical complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We want to make sure that we're developing something that has the potential to help all women, including those most in need.’\u003ccite>Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski, UCSF \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But for practitioners like \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsfhealth.org/juan.gonzalez-velez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Juan Gonzalez\u003c/a>, a perinatologist at UCSF Medical Center, knowing whether a pregnancy is high-risk is not all that helpful without being able to adequately treat the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A patient can have a positive result but we need to know which intervention is the right intervention. This is a great finding but now we need those next steps, which are studies that focus on interventions. That's the part we don’t really know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/biographies/butler-tobah-yvonne-s-m-d/bio-20113896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Yvonne Butler Tobah\u003c/a>, a Mayo obstetrician, called the developments \"groundbreaking\" but warned that further research is required before it can be instituted clinically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Causes of Preterm Birth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The causes of pre-term birth are not well understood, but doctors look for certain traits associated with the risk, according to\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So we know things like hypertension and diabetes are associated with preterm birth,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski. \"And also the kinds of things that the test picks up, like inflammation, is associated with preterm birth.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"CpQ3Oc4MfPMthrebKJEmSP9wVqLfobiI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study also looked at income and age of the pregnant women, two factors that exert an independent influence on bodily inflammation and placenta function, according to Jelliffe-Pawlowski. Mothers over the age of 34 are found to be at higher risk of inflammation levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An underlying infection, exposure to environmental toxins, stress, or chronic ailments like diabetes, can all trigger an inflammatory response in pregnant women, a condition that has potential to induce an early pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A subset of women who test positive for preterm risk have a severe pregnancy complication called preeclampsia. The potentially fatal condition is characterized by high blood pressure and organ failure in the mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Treatments are Limited\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current medical treatments are typically limited to cases of preeclampsia, and involve taking aspirin, which Jelliffe-Pawlowski says reduces the occurrence of preeclampsia by up to 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For women with a prior history of preterm delivery, there is a progesterone supplement that is currently offered to decrease the risk, according to Tobah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Prior preterm birth confers about a two fold increased risk,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But outside of this limited category of high-risk pregnancies, there isn't much doctors can recommend in the way of decreasing preterm risk -- outside of bed rest, according to Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And preeclampsia comprises just 15 percent of all preterm births, making preventative care for the great majority of preterm cases all the more urgent, says Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before doctors start running these tests, we really need to know what are we going to tell these women besides, 'You’re at risk,'\" he says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"FTcRs64SRm7xpizZAGK2uc0iQv1HNynr\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the researchers involved in both studies, affordability and accessibility played an important role in the tests' development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the current available treatments are not great, I do think they have some effect,\" says co-author \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/mads-melbye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mads Melbye\u003c/a>, a professor in medical epidemiology at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. \"For instance, if you know a woman is likely to deliver a preterm baby, you would likely refer her to a specialized hospital. And certainly the knowledge alone is important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jelliffe-Pawlowski, helping pregnant women in disadvantaged communities was a huge motivator for developing the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we hear from women in the community, particularly black and Latina women, is what's really important to them, is knowing their risk,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski. \"It's not necessary that we fix it, but there's an opportunity to communicate risk with women so they can be taken care of appropriately.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Melbye says accurate tests are important, since inaccurate estimates can lead to unnecessary treatments such as the induction of labor or Cesarean sections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Risk Through RNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford-led study, published last week in the journal Science, measured cell-free fetal RNA in the mothers' bloodstream to determine the due date and preterm risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers compared the blood results of women who had healthy pregnancies with those found to be at high risk for preterm delivery. They accurately predicted six of eight preterm cases and wrongly classified only one of 26 full-term cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Stanford test is a pilot study based on a limited number of women.[contextly_sidebar id=\"RsEfYdBoZW1b667qNhE5ZxykfR7kWICL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The next step will be to apply the findings to large clinical trials,\" says Melbye. \"The study is just the first in a series of studies that allows us to look at the different outcomes of pregnancy. The hope is that it will lead to healthier and safer pregnancies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Risk Through Inflammation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF test focused on 63 biomarkers in the mother's bloodstream related to inflammation and placenta function. From there, researchers narrowed the test down to 25 biomarkers that together help to predict the chances of an early pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published in the May issue of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-018-0112-0\">\u003ci>Journal of Perinatology\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, is more than 80 percent accurate in predicting preterm births in women who are between 15 and 20 weeks pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In cases of high risk pregnancies, the test was nearly 90 percent accurate.[contextly_sidebar id=\"7E5bGDPvRlmxjV4ypvKH5ngagVo4ise4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF test, which took five years to develop, is based on ten years of research by Jelliffe-Pawlowski's team. Researchers took blood samples from 400 women during their second trimester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope their blood tests will lead to better preventative treatments for women found to be at high risk of preterm birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to make sure that we're developing something that has the potential to help all women, including those most in need,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There is currently one blood test on the market that screens for preterm risk, but it comes with serious limitations. Now, two new tests hold the promise that pregnant women will have an easier, more affordable way.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1528505692,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":39,"wordCount":1144},"headData":{"title":"New Blood Tests Promise to Better Predict Early Labor | KQED","description":"There is currently one blood test on the market that screens for preterm risk, but it comes with serious limitations. Now, two new tests hold the promise that pregnant women will have an easier, more affordable way.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"New Blood Tests Promise to Better Predict Early Labor","datePublished":"2018-06-12T17:00:25.000Z","dateModified":"2018-06-09T00:54:52.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"442039 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=442039","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/06/12/new-blood-tests-promise-to-better-predict-early-labor/","disqusTitle":"New Blood Tests Promise to Better Predict Early Labor","path":"/futureofyou/442039/new-blood-tests-promise-to-better-predict-early-labor","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two new blood tests promise pregnant women an easier, more affordable way of predicting their risk for an premature delivery. The blood tests, developed by\u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC San Francisco\u003c/a>, look for specific biomarkers in the mother's bloodstream.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preterm delivery, which occurs when a baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy, is the leading cause of death for children under 5 in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6393/1133\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford-led study\u003c/a>, predicts the risk of preterm birth using fetal RNA found in the mother's blood, while the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-018-0112-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF study\u003c/a> focuses on inflammation markers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is currently one blood test on the market that screens for preterm risk, but it comes with serious limitations, according to \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/laura.jelliffe-pawlowski\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski\u003c/a>, co-author of the UCSF study and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://pretermbirth.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF California Preterm Birth Initiative\u003c/a>. The costly test screens only for spontaneous preterm births. About three quarters of preterm births occur spontaneously while 25 percent are induced due to medical complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We want to make sure that we're developing something that has the potential to help all women, including those most in need.’\u003ccite>Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski, UCSF \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But for practitioners like \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsfhealth.org/juan.gonzalez-velez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Juan Gonzalez\u003c/a>, a perinatologist at UCSF Medical Center, knowing whether a pregnancy is high-risk is not all that helpful without being able to adequately treat the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A patient can have a positive result but we need to know which intervention is the right intervention. This is a great finding but now we need those next steps, which are studies that focus on interventions. That's the part we don’t really know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/biographies/butler-tobah-yvonne-s-m-d/bio-20113896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Yvonne Butler Tobah\u003c/a>, a Mayo obstetrician, called the developments \"groundbreaking\" but warned that further research is required before it can be instituted clinically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Causes of Preterm Birth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The causes of pre-term birth are not well understood, but doctors look for certain traits associated with the risk, according to\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So we know things like hypertension and diabetes are associated with preterm birth,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski. \"And also the kinds of things that the test picks up, like inflammation, is associated with preterm birth.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study also looked at income and age of the pregnant women, two factors that exert an independent influence on bodily inflammation and placenta function, according to Jelliffe-Pawlowski. Mothers over the age of 34 are found to be at higher risk of inflammation levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An underlying infection, exposure to environmental toxins, stress, or chronic ailments like diabetes, can all trigger an inflammatory response in pregnant women, a condition that has potential to induce an early pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A subset of women who test positive for preterm risk have a severe pregnancy complication called preeclampsia. The potentially fatal condition is characterized by high blood pressure and organ failure in the mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Treatments are Limited\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current medical treatments are typically limited to cases of preeclampsia, and involve taking aspirin, which Jelliffe-Pawlowski says reduces the occurrence of preeclampsia by up to 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For women with a prior history of preterm delivery, there is a progesterone supplement that is currently offered to decrease the risk, according to Tobah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Prior preterm birth confers about a two fold increased risk,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But outside of this limited category of high-risk pregnancies, there isn't much doctors can recommend in the way of decreasing preterm risk -- outside of bed rest, according to Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And preeclampsia comprises just 15 percent of all preterm births, making preventative care for the great majority of preterm cases all the more urgent, says Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before doctors start running these tests, we really need to know what are we going to tell these women besides, 'You’re at risk,'\" he says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the researchers involved in both studies, affordability and accessibility played an important role in the tests' development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the current available treatments are not great, I do think they have some effect,\" says co-author \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/mads-melbye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mads Melbye\u003c/a>, a professor in medical epidemiology at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. \"For instance, if you know a woman is likely to deliver a preterm baby, you would likely refer her to a specialized hospital. And certainly the knowledge alone is important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jelliffe-Pawlowski, helping pregnant women in disadvantaged communities was a huge motivator for developing the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we hear from women in the community, particularly black and Latina women, is what's really important to them, is knowing their risk,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski. \"It's not necessary that we fix it, but there's an opportunity to communicate risk with women so they can be taken care of appropriately.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Melbye says accurate tests are important, since inaccurate estimates can lead to unnecessary treatments such as the induction of labor or Cesarean sections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Risk Through RNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford-led study, published last week in the journal Science, measured cell-free fetal RNA in the mothers' bloodstream to determine the due date and preterm risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers compared the blood results of women who had healthy pregnancies with those found to be at high risk for preterm delivery. They accurately predicted six of eight preterm cases and wrongly classified only one of 26 full-term cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Stanford test is a pilot study based on a limited number of women.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The next step will be to apply the findings to large clinical trials,\" says Melbye. \"The study is just the first in a series of studies that allows us to look at the different outcomes of pregnancy. The hope is that it will lead to healthier and safer pregnancies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Risk Through Inflammation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF test focused on 63 biomarkers in the mother's bloodstream related to inflammation and placenta function. From there, researchers narrowed the test down to 25 biomarkers that together help to predict the chances of an early pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published in the May issue of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-018-0112-0\">\u003ci>Journal of Perinatology\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, is more than 80 percent accurate in predicting preterm births in women who are between 15 and 20 weeks pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In cases of high risk pregnancies, the test was nearly 90 percent accurate.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF test, which took five years to develop, is based on ten years of research by Jelliffe-Pawlowski's team. Researchers took blood samples from 400 women during their second trimester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope their blood tests will lead to better preventative treatments for women found to be at high risk of preterm birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to make sure that we're developing something that has the potential to help all women, including those most in need,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/442039/new-blood-tests-promise-to-better-predict-early-labor","authors":["11428"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_221","futureofyou_1283","futureofyou_164","futureofyou_520"],"featImg":"futureofyou_442044","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_357754":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_357754","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"357754","score":null,"sort":[1490825713000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"common-blood-tests-may-help-predict-chronic-disease-risk","title":"Common Blood Tests May Help Predict Chronic Disease Risk","publishDate":1490825713,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>A score based on common blood tests may someday help people gauge their risk of developing a chronic disease like diabetes or dementia within three years of taking the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Intermountain Chronic Disease Risk Score was 77 to 78 percent accurate in predicting whether someone would be diagnosed with diabetes, kidney failure, coronary artery disease and dementia, among other illnesses. It's based on the results of a \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003468.htm\">comprehensive metabolic panel\u003c/a>, which includes tests for blood glucose and liver function, and \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html#summary\">complete blood count\u003c/a>, which measures the quantity of different types of blood cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'They may be on to something, but it’s too early to say for sure.'\u003ccite>Wayne Dysinger,\u003cbr>\nLifestyle Medicine Solutions\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The hope is that the score could eventually help physicians better allocate their time and resources, says \u003ca href=\"https://intermountainhealthcare.org/services/heart-care/heart-institute/research-and-clinical-trials/research-team/epidemiologists/heidi-may/\">Heidi May\u003c/a>, a cardiovascular epidemiologist with the Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute in Salt Lake City, and principal investigator of the study. For example, a patient whose score puts her in the high-risk group might get more intense patient education about lifestyle or other prevention measures, and a follow-up visit in six months rather than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tests used in the score are commonly performed at checkups, and the score itself can be calculated by the hospital's electronic health record, making it easier for doctors to use. \"Clinicians are so busy and have to worry about so many things,\" says May. The so-called ICHRON score is similar to \u003ca href=\"https://intermountainhealthcare.org/about/transforming-healthcare/innovation/intermountain-risk-scores/risk-scores/\">risk scores\u003c/a> previously developed and now used by Intermountain Healthcare, a nonprofit hospital system, to predict the future risk of death, hospital readmission and serious disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research was presented last month at a meeting of the American College of Cardiology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a fascinating concept,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://provider.kareo.com/dr-wayne-dysinger-1\">Wayne Dysinger\u003c/a>, a preventive and family medicine physician and CEO of Lifestyle Medicine Solutions, a primary care practice in southern California, who wasn't involved in the study. \"They may be on to something, but it's too early to say for sure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"4FJC8XHrFm7lnXNkyhtLENB2eXu8G8oh\"]For one thing, the score would have to be shown to be accurate in a more general population outside Utah, which is largely white and has lower rates of smoking and obesity than other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The score was developed based on the data in one group of primary care patients and then tested again in another group, and it is gender-specific. Among the more than 144,000 patients studied, 7 percent of women and 9 percent of men were diagnosed with at least one chronic disease in the next three years, most commonly diabetes or coronary artery disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among women, those with a high ICHRON score were 11 times more likely to be diagnosed with a chronic disease than those with a low score. Women with a moderate score were three times more likely to be diagnosed. Men with a high score were 14 times more likely to be diagnosed than those with a low score, and those with a moderate score more than five times more likely to be diagnosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dysinger notes the prediction isn't perfect, and that people don't have to wait to be identified as at-risk to change their lifestyle, starting with turning away from processed foods to whole foods. \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/part1/en/index11.html\">According to the World Health Organization\u003c/a>, 80 percent of premature heart disease, stroke and diabetes can be prevented through lifestyle measures like avoiding tobacco use, keeping weight at a healthy level and exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Katherine Hobson is a freelance health and science writer based in Brooklyn, N.Y. She's on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/katherinehobson\">\u003cem>@katherinehobson\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The risk assessment score may help primary care physicians better identify patients who need extra counseling and follow-up.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1491321178,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":603},"headData":{"title":"Common Blood Tests May Help Predict Chronic Disease Risk | KQED","description":"The risk assessment score may help primary care physicians better identify patients who need extra counseling and follow-up.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Common Blood Tests May Help Predict Chronic Disease Risk","datePublished":"2017-03-29T22:15:13.000Z","dateModified":"2017-04-04T15:52:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"357754 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=357754","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/03/29/common-blood-tests-may-help-predict-chronic-disease-risk/","disqusTitle":"Common Blood Tests May Help Predict Chronic Disease Risk","nprImageCredit":"Martynasfoto","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Katherine Hobson\u003cbr />NPR Shots\u003c/strong>","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images/iStockphoto","nprStoryId":"520437040","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=520437040&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/03/17/520437040/common-blood-tests-can-help-predict-chronic-disease-risk?ft=nprml&f=520437040","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 17 Mar 2017 14:46:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 17 Mar 2017 10:20:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 17 Mar 2017 14:46:35 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/357754/common-blood-tests-may-help-predict-chronic-disease-risk","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A score based on common blood tests may someday help people gauge their risk of developing a chronic disease like diabetes or dementia within three years of taking the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Intermountain Chronic Disease Risk Score was 77 to 78 percent accurate in predicting whether someone would be diagnosed with diabetes, kidney failure, coronary artery disease and dementia, among other illnesses. It's based on the results of a \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003468.htm\">comprehensive metabolic panel\u003c/a>, which includes tests for blood glucose and liver function, and \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html#summary\">complete blood count\u003c/a>, which measures the quantity of different types of blood cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'They may be on to something, but it’s too early to say for sure.'\u003ccite>Wayne Dysinger,\u003cbr>\nLifestyle Medicine Solutions\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The hope is that the score could eventually help physicians better allocate their time and resources, says \u003ca href=\"https://intermountainhealthcare.org/services/heart-care/heart-institute/research-and-clinical-trials/research-team/epidemiologists/heidi-may/\">Heidi May\u003c/a>, a cardiovascular epidemiologist with the Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute in Salt Lake City, and principal investigator of the study. For example, a patient whose score puts her in the high-risk group might get more intense patient education about lifestyle or other prevention measures, and a follow-up visit in six months rather than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tests used in the score are commonly performed at checkups, and the score itself can be calculated by the hospital's electronic health record, making it easier for doctors to use. \"Clinicians are so busy and have to worry about so many things,\" says May. The so-called ICHRON score is similar to \u003ca href=\"https://intermountainhealthcare.org/about/transforming-healthcare/innovation/intermountain-risk-scores/risk-scores/\">risk scores\u003c/a> previously developed and now used by Intermountain Healthcare, a nonprofit hospital system, to predict the future risk of death, hospital readmission and serious disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research was presented last month at a meeting of the American College of Cardiology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a fascinating concept,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://provider.kareo.com/dr-wayne-dysinger-1\">Wayne Dysinger\u003c/a>, a preventive and family medicine physician and CEO of Lifestyle Medicine Solutions, a primary care practice in southern California, who wasn't involved in the study. \"They may be on to something, but it's too early to say for sure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>For one thing, the score would have to be shown to be accurate in a more general population outside Utah, which is largely white and has lower rates of smoking and obesity than other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The score was developed based on the data in one group of primary care patients and then tested again in another group, and it is gender-specific. Among the more than 144,000 patients studied, 7 percent of women and 9 percent of men were diagnosed with at least one chronic disease in the next three years, most commonly diabetes or coronary artery disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among women, those with a high ICHRON score were 11 times more likely to be diagnosed with a chronic disease than those with a low score. Women with a moderate score were three times more likely to be diagnosed. Men with a high score were 14 times more likely to be diagnosed than those with a low score, and those with a moderate score more than five times more likely to be diagnosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dysinger notes the prediction isn't perfect, and that people don't have to wait to be identified as at-risk to change their lifestyle, starting with turning away from processed foods to whole foods. \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/part1/en/index11.html\">According to the World Health Organization\u003c/a>, 80 percent of premature heart disease, stroke and diabetes can be prevented through lifestyle measures like avoiding tobacco use, keeping weight at a healthy level and exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Katherine Hobson is a freelance health and science writer based in Brooklyn, N.Y. She's on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/katherinehobson\">\u003cem>@katherinehobson\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/357754/common-blood-tests-may-help-predict-chronic-disease-risk","authors":["byline_futureofyou_357754"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_164","futureofyou_1225"],"featImg":"futureofyou_357755","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_318708":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_318708","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"318708","score":null,"sort":[1484321634000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kids-toy-inspires-low-cost-lab-test-for-diagnosing-malaria","title":"Kid's Toy Inspires Low-Cost Lab Test for Diagnosing Malaria","publishDate":1484321634,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Scientists have found the inspiration for a lifesaving tool in an unusual place — a children's toy. The invention may soon help health care workers diagnose malaria in places where standard laboratory equipment is hard to find. Diagnosing malaria in the field isn't all that difficult, but you need a device called a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-centrifuge.htm\">centrifuge\u003c/a> that can spin a blood sample very quickly, causing different types of cells in blood to separate from each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Diagnosing malaria in the field isn't all that difficult, but you need a device called a centrifuge that can spin a blood sample very quickly. They're expensive.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Most centrifuges are bulky, require electricity and are expensive. Because of that, many field hospitals in developing nations don't have easy access to the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/manu-prakash\">Manu Prakash\u003c/a>, a professor of bioengineering at Stanford University who developed the new tool, saw the need firsthand during a trip to Uganda. \"We were out in a primary health center talking to health care workers and we found a centrifuge used as a doorstop because there's no electricity.\" The workers said that they really needed a powerful centrifuge that they could use anywhere. And it needed to be cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he got back to California, Prakash began experimenting with all kinds of things that spin, including toys. Toys might seem like a strange place to start, but Prakash didn't think so. Who doesn't love toys? And, he explains, \"Toys hide in them pretty profound physical phenomena that we just take for granted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers started to experiment with yo-yos. But the yo-yos didn't spin fast enough to work as a centrifuge. Then they stumbled upon the children's toy known as the whirligig, or buzzer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toy is made of a disc that spins when a person pulls on strings that pass through the center. And it spins much faster than a yo-yo. The scientists clocked their version at 125,000 revolutions per minute. According to the authors, that's the fastest rotational speed reported for a human-powered device. By comparison, the internal combustion engine of a Formula One race car rotates at about 15,000 rpm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the paperfuge was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paperfuge is made out of paper coated in a polymer film that makes it extra strong, string and PVC pipe or wood. Blood samples are attached to the center disc and pulling the strings causes the cells to separate, just like in the more expensive electrical centrifuge. The samples can then be processed and tested for parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prove that the paperfuge could work in the field, the researches took a prototype to Madagascar for a test run. It worked as advertised, allowing local health care workers to spin blood and test for parasites. Prakash and his colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/s41551-016-0009\">reported\u003c/a> their results Tuesday in \u003cem>Nature Biomedical Engineering\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first time that Prakash has invented a low-cost tool for use in resource-poor areas. A few years ago, his group also invented a $1 paper microscope called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2014/09/03/345521442/a-1-microscope-folds-up-from-paper-and-a-lens-of-glue\">Foldscope\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paperfuge is inexpensive, costing just 20 cents apiece to make. They can be made by hand or by machine, and the spinning disc can be made of paper or plastic. Using a desktop 3-D printer, the study authors printed over 100 paperfuges in one day. That means if the paperfuge catches on, it could be relatively easy to make and distribute to resource-poor areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Prakash's group has shown that it's effective in identifying malaria, they are working on developing different variations of the paperfuge that could help diagnose other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Children%27s+Whirligig+Toy+Inspires+a+Low-Cost+Laboratory+Test&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A paper version of a spinning children's toy can replace laboratory centrifuges to process blood tests. The \"paperfuge\" may help diagnose malaria and other diseases.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1484321634,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":625},"headData":{"title":"Kid's Toy Inspires Low-Cost Lab Test for Diagnosing Malaria | KQED","description":"A paper version of a spinning children's toy can replace laboratory centrifuges to process blood tests. The "paperfuge" may help diagnose malaria and other diseases.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Kid's Toy Inspires Low-Cost Lab Test for Diagnosing Malaria","datePublished":"2017-01-13T15:33:54.000Z","dateModified":"2017-01-13T15:33:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"318708 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=318708","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/13/kids-toy-inspires-low-cost-lab-test-for-diagnosing-malaria/","disqusTitle":"Kid's Toy Inspires Low-Cost Lab Test for Diagnosing Malaria","nprImageCredit":"Kurt Hickman ","nprByline":"Madeline K. Sofia\u003c/br>NPR","nprImageAgency":"Stanford University ","nprStoryId":"508415046","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=508415046&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/10/508415046/childrens-whirligig-toy-inspires-a-low-cost-laboratory-test?ft=nprml&f=508415046","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 10 Jan 2017 16:01:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 10 Jan 2017 12:37:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 10 Jan 2017 16:01:26 -0500","path":"/futureofyou/318708/kids-toy-inspires-low-cost-lab-test-for-diagnosing-malaria","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists have found the inspiration for a lifesaving tool in an unusual place — a children's toy. The invention may soon help health care workers diagnose malaria in places where standard laboratory equipment is hard to find. Diagnosing malaria in the field isn't all that difficult, but you need a device called a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-centrifuge.htm\">centrifuge\u003c/a> that can spin a blood sample very quickly, causing different types of cells in blood to separate from each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Diagnosing malaria in the field isn't all that difficult, but you need a device called a centrifuge that can spin a blood sample very quickly. They're expensive.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Most centrifuges are bulky, require electricity and are expensive. Because of that, many field hospitals in developing nations don't have easy access to the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/manu-prakash\">Manu Prakash\u003c/a>, a professor of bioengineering at Stanford University who developed the new tool, saw the need firsthand during a trip to Uganda. \"We were out in a primary health center talking to health care workers and we found a centrifuge used as a doorstop because there's no electricity.\" The workers said that they really needed a powerful centrifuge that they could use anywhere. And it needed to be cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he got back to California, Prakash began experimenting with all kinds of things that spin, including toys. Toys might seem like a strange place to start, but Prakash didn't think so. Who doesn't love toys? And, he explains, \"Toys hide in them pretty profound physical phenomena that we just take for granted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers started to experiment with yo-yos. But the yo-yos didn't spin fast enough to work as a centrifuge. Then they stumbled upon the children's toy known as the whirligig, or buzzer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toy is made of a disc that spins when a person pulls on strings that pass through the center. And it spins much faster than a yo-yo. The scientists clocked their version at 125,000 revolutions per minute. According to the authors, that's the fastest rotational speed reported for a human-powered device. By comparison, the internal combustion engine of a Formula One race car rotates at about 15,000 rpm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the paperfuge was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paperfuge is made out of paper coated in a polymer film that makes it extra strong, string and PVC pipe or wood. Blood samples are attached to the center disc and pulling the strings causes the cells to separate, just like in the more expensive electrical centrifuge. The samples can then be processed and tested for parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prove that the paperfuge could work in the field, the researches took a prototype to Madagascar for a test run. It worked as advertised, allowing local health care workers to spin blood and test for parasites. Prakash and his colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/s41551-016-0009\">reported\u003c/a> their results Tuesday in \u003cem>Nature Biomedical Engineering\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first time that Prakash has invented a low-cost tool for use in resource-poor areas. A few years ago, his group also invented a $1 paper microscope called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2014/09/03/345521442/a-1-microscope-folds-up-from-paper-and-a-lens-of-glue\">Foldscope\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paperfuge is inexpensive, costing just 20 cents apiece to make. They can be made by hand or by machine, and the spinning disc can be made of paper or plastic. Using a desktop 3-D printer, the study authors printed over 100 paperfuges in one day. That means if the paperfuge catches on, it could be relatively easy to make and distribute to resource-poor areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Prakash's group has shown that it's effective in identifying malaria, they are working on developing different variations of the paperfuge that could help diagnose other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Children%27s+Whirligig+Toy+Inspires+a+Low-Cost+Laboratory+Test&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/318708/kids-toy-inspires-low-cost-lab-test-for-diagnosing-malaria","authors":["byline_futureofyou_318708"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_164","futureofyou_400"],"featImg":"futureofyou_318709","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_242260":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_242260","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"242260","score":null,"sort":[1473868064000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"theyre-already-working-on-a-roadside-pot-test-to-nail-you-for-driving-high","title":"They’re Already Working on a Roadside Pot Test to Nail You for Driving High","publishDate":1473868064,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Stanford engineers hope a new saliva test will someday be the key to catching drivers who've taken too many tokes. Right now, the only way to detect marijuana in the body is through a blood test or urine sample collected in a hospital -- not exactly a convenient roadside solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As states continue to legalize various forms of cannabis use, law enforcement will increasingly be looking for ways to detect impairment from pot. More than 20 states and the District of Columbia already allow some sort of cannabis use, and legalization is \u003ca href=\"http://norml.org/election-2016\" target=\"_blank\">on the ballot\u003c/a> in five states this November.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n\u003cp style=\"background: white\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #212121\">'Because THC is far less volatile, the amount exchanged as a gas in the lungs is extremely difficult to detect, so it makes it sense to look at a different medium.' \u003c/span>\u003ccite>Tyler O’Brien Shultz, Stanford University\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Stanford's “potalyzer\" is a handheld device that allows officers to conduct a simple field test to determine a driver's concentration of THC, the chemical in marijuana that impairs drivers. In just a few minutes, a traffic cop could swab a saliva sample from a driver's mouth and insert it into a device with magnetic biosensors that can then send the results to a smartphone or laptop. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Saliva?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although companies such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.cannabixtechnologies.com/thc-breathalyzer.html\">Cannabix\u003c/a> Technologies and \u003ca href=\"http://houndlabs.com/\">Hound Labs\u003c/a> have developed breathalyzer tests for marijuana that work like those used to test for alcohol, Stanford researcher Tyler O’Brien Shultz says he’s highly skeptical that marijuana levels can be captured through air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A THC molecule is very different from an ethanol molecule. Alcohol is volatile and evaporates quickly, so a breathalyzer test measures spirits vaporizing in your blood that are released through the lungs when you exhale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because THC doesn’t evaporate,” says Stanford researcher Tyler O’Brien Shultz, “It is nearly impossible to test marijuana through breath detection, so it makes it sense to look at a different medium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">As it stands now, 'If someone is high when you pull them over, they won’t be high when you draw their blood.'\u003ccite>Tyler O’Brien Shultz, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The saliva test employs the same magnetic nanotechnology Stanford researchers have used in cancer screenings. In this case they're measuring the THC concentration in someone’s spit rather than looking for cancer cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a not a standardized “safe” THC level for driving, although the range in academic studies is generally between two and 25 nanograms (or billionths of a gram) per milliliter of blood. The potalyzer can detect concentrations of THC in the range of 0 to 50 nanograms per milliliter of saliva. The device obviously won’t be useful until states set a limit for officers to test against.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Current System Lags\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now traffic cops must rely on visual observation to determine whether someone is high. Officers look for red eyes or a bulging neck vein, or they’ll ask a driver to close their eyes and guess when 30 seconds has passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the driver appears impaired, the officer will take them into custody. At the police station, a drug recognition expert will assess the driver to determine whether a blood test and a trip to a hospital is necessary. The process can take about two-and-a-half hours from the time a driver is stopped until their blood is drawn. Shultz says that's way too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“THC will likely fall below the safe limit designated by most states within three to four hours of consuming the drug,” says Schultz. “In other words, if someone is high when you pull them over, they won’t be high when you draw their blood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urinalysis is also not ideal for assessing impairment, because tests pick up marijuana that is latent in the body from use that could be days old. That is not a problem with Stanford's device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potalyzer's potential extends far beyond weed. The device can measure any small molecule, so a test could also look for morphine, heroin or cocaine. The biosensor chip has 80 sensors capable of testing for multiple substances. But it will be at least a few years before the saliva test will be deployed by police. Schultz says the device needs further field tests, human trials and regulatory approval before it goes on the market.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Stanford engineers hope a new saliva test will quickly allow traffic cops to test whether drivers are under the influence of marijuana.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1474389432,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":758},"headData":{"title":"They’re Already Working on a Roadside Pot Test to Nail You for Driving High | KQED","description":"Stanford engineers hope a new saliva test will quickly allow traffic cops to test whether drivers are under the influence of marijuana.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"They’re Already Working on a Roadside Pot Test to Nail You for Driving High","datePublished":"2016-09-14T15:47:44.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-20T16:37:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"242260 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=242260","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/09/14/theyre-already-working-on-a-roadside-pot-test-to-nail-you-for-driving-high/","disqusTitle":"They’re Already Working on a Roadside Pot Test to Nail You for Driving High","path":"/futureofyou/242260/theyre-already-working-on-a-roadside-pot-test-to-nail-you-for-driving-high","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Stanford engineers hope a new saliva test will someday be the key to catching drivers who've taken too many tokes. Right now, the only way to detect marijuana in the body is through a blood test or urine sample collected in a hospital -- not exactly a convenient roadside solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As states continue to legalize various forms of cannabis use, law enforcement will increasingly be looking for ways to detect impairment from pot. More than 20 states and the District of Columbia already allow some sort of cannabis use, and legalization is \u003ca href=\"http://norml.org/election-2016\" target=\"_blank\">on the ballot\u003c/a> in five states this November.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n\u003cp style=\"background: white\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #212121\">'Because THC is far less volatile, the amount exchanged as a gas in the lungs is extremely difficult to detect, so it makes it sense to look at a different medium.' \u003c/span>\u003ccite>Tyler O’Brien Shultz, Stanford University\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Stanford's “potalyzer\" is a handheld device that allows officers to conduct a simple field test to determine a driver's concentration of THC, the chemical in marijuana that impairs drivers. In just a few minutes, a traffic cop could swab a saliva sample from a driver's mouth and insert it into a device with magnetic biosensors that can then send the results to a smartphone or laptop. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Saliva?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although companies such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.cannabixtechnologies.com/thc-breathalyzer.html\">Cannabix\u003c/a> Technologies and \u003ca href=\"http://houndlabs.com/\">Hound Labs\u003c/a> have developed breathalyzer tests for marijuana that work like those used to test for alcohol, Stanford researcher Tyler O’Brien Shultz says he’s highly skeptical that marijuana levels can be captured through air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A THC molecule is very different from an ethanol molecule. Alcohol is volatile and evaporates quickly, so a breathalyzer test measures spirits vaporizing in your blood that are released through the lungs when you exhale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because THC doesn’t evaporate,” says Stanford researcher Tyler O’Brien Shultz, “It is nearly impossible to test marijuana through breath detection, so it makes it sense to look at a different medium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">As it stands now, 'If someone is high when you pull them over, they won’t be high when you draw their blood.'\u003ccite>Tyler O’Brien Shultz, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The saliva test employs the same magnetic nanotechnology Stanford researchers have used in cancer screenings. In this case they're measuring the THC concentration in someone’s spit rather than looking for cancer cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a not a standardized “safe” THC level for driving, although the range in academic studies is generally between two and 25 nanograms (or billionths of a gram) per milliliter of blood. The potalyzer can detect concentrations of THC in the range of 0 to 50 nanograms per milliliter of saliva. The device obviously won’t be useful until states set a limit for officers to test against.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Current System Lags\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now traffic cops must rely on visual observation to determine whether someone is high. Officers look for red eyes or a bulging neck vein, or they’ll ask a driver to close their eyes and guess when 30 seconds has passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the driver appears impaired, the officer will take them into custody. At the police station, a drug recognition expert will assess the driver to determine whether a blood test and a trip to a hospital is necessary. The process can take about two-and-a-half hours from the time a driver is stopped until their blood is drawn. Shultz says that's way too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“THC will likely fall below the safe limit designated by most states within three to four hours of consuming the drug,” says Schultz. “In other words, if someone is high when you pull them over, they won’t be high when you draw their blood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urinalysis is also not ideal for assessing impairment, because tests pick up marijuana that is latent in the body from use that could be days old. That is not a problem with Stanford's device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potalyzer's potential extends far beyond weed. The device can measure any small molecule, so a test could also look for morphine, heroin or cocaine. The biosensor chip has 80 sensors capable of testing for multiple substances. But it will be at least a few years before the saliva test will be deployed by police. Schultz says the device needs further field tests, human trials and regulatory approval before it goes on the market.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/242260/theyre-already-working-on-a-roadside-pot-test-to-nail-you-for-driving-high","authors":["11229"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_164","futureofyou_1041"],"featImg":"futureofyou_242274","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_157867":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_157867","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"157867","score":null,"sort":[1462815014000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"should-you-be-allowed-to-order-your-own-blood-tests","title":"Should You Be Allowed to Order Your Own Blood Tests?","publishDate":1462815014,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>One aspect of the multidimensional mess that is the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/theranos/\" target=\"_blank\">Theranos story\u003c/a> is the company's leveraging of the Do-It-Yourself ethos to promote its product. Theranos provides consumers with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/test-menu\" target=\"_blank\">menu of over 200\u003c/a> low-cost diagnostic blood tests for any array of ailments and diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">It's legal to order blood tests without consulting a doctor in some two dozen states. But should you?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Here's the company's founder, Elizabeth Holmes, at TEDMED in 2014, lacing her stem-winder of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvzKp0AERE\" target=\"_blank\">presentation\u003c/a> with the ideals of patient self-empowerment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My own life’s work in building Theranos is to redefine the paradigm of diagnosis away from one in which people have to present with a symptom in order to get access to information about their bodies,\" she said, \"to one in which every person, no matter how much money they have or where they live, has access to actionable health information at the time it matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also pitched the crowd an absurdity:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"(T)oday, I can go buy a deadly, exotic animal, a venomous viper, a military truck or armored vehicle. I can buy a tank ... but I can't order a blood-based pregnancy test, or an allergy test. Because \u003cem>that\u003c/em> could be dangerous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvzKp0AERE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos is currently waiting for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to render a final decision on whether it will lose its license to operate its labs. But for now the company still does tests at its wellness centers in dozens of Walgreens and other locations in Arizona, plus one in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“I can go buy a deadly, exotic animal, a venomous viper, a military truck or armored vehicle ... but I can’t order a blood-based pregnancy test.\u003ccite>Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes in 2014\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Theranos isn't the only company offering blood tests to the worried well. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wellnessfx.com/\" target=\"_blank\">WellnessFX\u003c/a>, for instance, has a partnership with Quest Diagnostics, and consumers in all but seven states can use the company's website to order their own tests online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Theranos, WellnessFX has similarly baked in the ideals of patient access and independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the data that can be used to help understand what is best for the patient, historically that's always been the clipboard that's been turned around facing the physician... and never really been shown to the patient,\" said WellnessFX cofounder Brent Vaughan in a 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_sSq0KZZl5Q\" target=\"_blank\">promotional video\u003c/a>. \"Because there's always been this belief that patients can't understand or they don't want to understand this information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Growing Trend\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, health diagnostics behemoth LabCorp dipped a toe in the DIY waters by allowing Arizona consumers to order their own tests. Labcorp CEO David King said in an email the company's market research shows a \"significant percentage\" of consumers are interested in initiating tests on their own. The company plans to expand the service into other states later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As consumers bear more of the cost of health care out of pocket, they should be, and are becoming increasingly engaged in managing their healthcare,\" King said. \"We absolutely support them in doing so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last April, Arizona enacted a law -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/arizona/politics/2015/02/27/high-tech-pushes-consumer-friendly-lab-testing/24150229/\" target=\"_blank\">pushed by Theranos\u003c/a> -- that allowed consumers to order their own tests. The bill passed in the House 60 to 0 and the Senate 26 to 2. Democrat Steve Farley was one of the no votes. He isn't surprised at Theranos' unraveling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Really what we were being asked to do in that bill was to allow our constituents in Arizona to become beta testers, and use their own bodies as the tool of that beta testing,\" he said. (Theranos declined to comment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over cutting doctors out of the diagnostic loop has been going on \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/12/health/blood-test-labs-bypass-doctors-spurring-debate.html?pagewanted=all\" target=\"_blank\">a long time\u003c/a>. Some academics have been vocal about their reservations. Dr. Norman Paradis, a professor of medicine at Dartmouth who has consulted for diagnostic startups, said the model of offering a wide assortment of tests -- as Theranos does -- is a recipe for disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you simply run medical tests in large numbers of people who don’t have the signs and symptoms of a certain disease, then many of the results you get will be false positives,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those patients could then wind up going further down the rabbit hole of more invasive, potentially harmful tests and treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradis said getting medical students and even residents to appropriately order tests is difficult enough. “So if it’s difficult for them, it’s even harder for the layperson. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. H. Gilbert Welch, the author of several books on the topic of overdiagnosis, thinks getting your own blood tests is part of the larger negative trend of testing people who aren’t really sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m afraid there's a growing sense the path to health is through testing,\" he said. \"But you don’t test yourself to health. Health is much more about how you move, what you eat and finding joy and purpose in life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WellnessFX has taken concerns about false positives into account, said Dr. Murdoc Khalegi, its medical director. He said the company works with physicians to make sure the tests it offers are not susceptible to inaccurate results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We work very hard to [offer tests] that are something a consumer can understand, like having elevated cholesterol or blood sugar,\" Khalegi said. \"We encourage all of our results to be shared with physicians. But to restrict people from even having that information, which is the way it currently exists in some settings, would be unfortunate. People should be aware if they have certain health risks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Democracy & Technology's Michelle De Mooy, who has worked on privacy and transparency issues in health care, dismisses the argument that patients can't make knowledgeable decisions about when to get tested. She said the issue of false positives is \"pretty reasonably addressed\" with warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both she\u003cstrong> a\u003c/strong>nd Khalegi point to the high cost of health care as one reason to enable easier access to diagnostic tests. High deductibles and lack of access to transportation or child care are reasons people might choose to get tests in the most efficient, least time-consuming way possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The economic disparity question is one that the health care establishment tends to gloss over,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Vegan Gets Tested\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite being asymptomatic, last year, Amy, who lives in Santa Cruz, California, went online to order her own test for anemia. (She didn't want her last name used for reasons of privacy.) The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has no opinion on testing for iron-deficiency anemia among those who are asymptomatic. But Amy's fellow vegans had convinced her to get tested because cutting out meat and dairy can \u003ca href=\"http://www.everydayhealth.com/anemia/anemia-risk-for-vegans-and-vegetarians.aspx\">increase the risk\u003c/a> of iron deficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of a high deductible and bad experiences with insurance companies, Amy didn't want to go through her insurer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her iron level came back low. But rather than take action on her own, she went to a doctor, to whom she mentioned having donated blood a week before the test. Amy hadn't known this would deplete her iron. And because her other numbers were fine, her doctor told her not to worry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a layperson I wouldn’t understand that,\" Amy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole experience -- the blood draw notwithstanding -- was painless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I liked being able to answer my own questions and to go to the site and pick which things I was curious about. I like being able to do it independently, since I don’t have a regular general practitioner I go to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways Amy fits the profile that both advocates and opponents of self-testing point to: She had no symptoms of anemia and got a test that wound up being unnecessary. But she also had a psychological need to know and a financial need to pursue that cheaply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Murdoc of WellnessFX said that while he defers to official guidelines, as a vegan, Amy probably did the right thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a very cheap blood test,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: This post was corrected to reflect updated recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force on testing for iron-deficiency anemia. Originally, the story said the task force recommended testing in asymptomatic women and small children. But in September 2015 the USPSTF concluded \"that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for iron deficiency anemia\" in both pregnant women and children ages 6 to 24 months.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Startups have allowed consumers to take diagnostic matters into their own hands. Some doctors think that's a bad idea. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1476850798,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1534},"headData":{"title":"Should You Be Allowed to Order Your Own Blood Tests? | KQED","description":"Startups have allowed consumers to take diagnostic matters into their own hands. Some doctors think that's a bad idea. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Should You Be Allowed to Order Your Own Blood Tests?","datePublished":"2016-05-09T17:30:14.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-19T04:19:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"157867 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=157867","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/05/09/should-you-be-allowed-to-order-your-own-blood-tests/","disqusTitle":"Should You Be Allowed to Order Your Own Blood Tests?","path":"/futureofyou/157867/should-you-be-allowed-to-order-your-own-blood-tests","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One aspect of the multidimensional mess that is the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/theranos/\" target=\"_blank\">Theranos story\u003c/a> is the company's leveraging of the Do-It-Yourself ethos to promote its product. Theranos provides consumers with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/test-menu\" target=\"_blank\">menu of over 200\u003c/a> low-cost diagnostic blood tests for any array of ailments and diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">It's legal to order blood tests without consulting a doctor in some two dozen states. But should you?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Here's the company's founder, Elizabeth Holmes, at TEDMED in 2014, lacing her stem-winder of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvzKp0AERE\" target=\"_blank\">presentation\u003c/a> with the ideals of patient self-empowerment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My own life’s work in building Theranos is to redefine the paradigm of diagnosis away from one in which people have to present with a symptom in order to get access to information about their bodies,\" she said, \"to one in which every person, no matter how much money they have or where they live, has access to actionable health information at the time it matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also pitched the crowd an absurdity:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"(T)oday, I can go buy a deadly, exotic animal, a venomous viper, a military truck or armored vehicle. I can buy a tank ... but I can't order a blood-based pregnancy test, or an allergy test. Because \u003cem>that\u003c/em> could be dangerous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/dBvzKp0AERE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/dBvzKp0AERE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Theranos is currently waiting for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to render a final decision on whether it will lose its license to operate its labs. But for now the company still does tests at its wellness centers in dozens of Walgreens and other locations in Arizona, plus one in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“I can go buy a deadly, exotic animal, a venomous viper, a military truck or armored vehicle ... but I can’t order a blood-based pregnancy test.\u003ccite>Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes in 2014\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Theranos isn't the only company offering blood tests to the worried well. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wellnessfx.com/\" target=\"_blank\">WellnessFX\u003c/a>, for instance, has a partnership with Quest Diagnostics, and consumers in all but seven states can use the company's website to order their own tests online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Theranos, WellnessFX has similarly baked in the ideals of patient access and independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the data that can be used to help understand what is best for the patient, historically that's always been the clipboard that's been turned around facing the physician... and never really been shown to the patient,\" said WellnessFX cofounder Brent Vaughan in a 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_sSq0KZZl5Q\" target=\"_blank\">promotional video\u003c/a>. \"Because there's always been this belief that patients can't understand or they don't want to understand this information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Growing Trend\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, health diagnostics behemoth LabCorp dipped a toe in the DIY waters by allowing Arizona consumers to order their own tests. Labcorp CEO David King said in an email the company's market research shows a \"significant percentage\" of consumers are interested in initiating tests on their own. The company plans to expand the service into other states later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As consumers bear more of the cost of health care out of pocket, they should be, and are becoming increasingly engaged in managing their healthcare,\" King said. \"We absolutely support them in doing so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last April, Arizona enacted a law -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/arizona/politics/2015/02/27/high-tech-pushes-consumer-friendly-lab-testing/24150229/\" target=\"_blank\">pushed by Theranos\u003c/a> -- that allowed consumers to order their own tests. The bill passed in the House 60 to 0 and the Senate 26 to 2. Democrat Steve Farley was one of the no votes. He isn't surprised at Theranos' unraveling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Really what we were being asked to do in that bill was to allow our constituents in Arizona to become beta testers, and use their own bodies as the tool of that beta testing,\" he said. (Theranos declined to comment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over cutting doctors out of the diagnostic loop has been going on \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/12/health/blood-test-labs-bypass-doctors-spurring-debate.html?pagewanted=all\" target=\"_blank\">a long time\u003c/a>. Some academics have been vocal about their reservations. Dr. Norman Paradis, a professor of medicine at Dartmouth who has consulted for diagnostic startups, said the model of offering a wide assortment of tests -- as Theranos does -- is a recipe for disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you simply run medical tests in large numbers of people who don’t have the signs and symptoms of a certain disease, then many of the results you get will be false positives,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those patients could then wind up going further down the rabbit hole of more invasive, potentially harmful tests and treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradis said getting medical students and even residents to appropriately order tests is difficult enough. “So if it’s difficult for them, it’s even harder for the layperson. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. H. Gilbert Welch, the author of several books on the topic of overdiagnosis, thinks getting your own blood tests is part of the larger negative trend of testing people who aren’t really sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m afraid there's a growing sense the path to health is through testing,\" he said. \"But you don’t test yourself to health. Health is much more about how you move, what you eat and finding joy and purpose in life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WellnessFX has taken concerns about false positives into account, said Dr. Murdoc Khalegi, its medical director. He said the company works with physicians to make sure the tests it offers are not susceptible to inaccurate results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We work very hard to [offer tests] that are something a consumer can understand, like having elevated cholesterol or blood sugar,\" Khalegi said. \"We encourage all of our results to be shared with physicians. But to restrict people from even having that information, which is the way it currently exists in some settings, would be unfortunate. People should be aware if they have certain health risks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Democracy & Technology's Michelle De Mooy, who has worked on privacy and transparency issues in health care, dismisses the argument that patients can't make knowledgeable decisions about when to get tested. She said the issue of false positives is \"pretty reasonably addressed\" with warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both she\u003cstrong> a\u003c/strong>nd Khalegi point to the high cost of health care as one reason to enable easier access to diagnostic tests. High deductibles and lack of access to transportation or child care are reasons people might choose to get tests in the most efficient, least time-consuming way possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The economic disparity question is one that the health care establishment tends to gloss over,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Vegan Gets Tested\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite being asymptomatic, last year, Amy, who lives in Santa Cruz, California, went online to order her own test for anemia. (She didn't want her last name used for reasons of privacy.) The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has no opinion on testing for iron-deficiency anemia among those who are asymptomatic. But Amy's fellow vegans had convinced her to get tested because cutting out meat and dairy can \u003ca href=\"http://www.everydayhealth.com/anemia/anemia-risk-for-vegans-and-vegetarians.aspx\">increase the risk\u003c/a> of iron deficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of a high deductible and bad experiences with insurance companies, Amy didn't want to go through her insurer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her iron level came back low. But rather than take action on her own, she went to a doctor, to whom she mentioned having donated blood a week before the test. Amy hadn't known this would deplete her iron. And because her other numbers were fine, her doctor told her not to worry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a layperson I wouldn’t understand that,\" Amy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole experience -- the blood draw notwithstanding -- was painless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I liked being able to answer my own questions and to go to the site and pick which things I was curious about. I like being able to do it independently, since I don’t have a regular general practitioner I go to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways Amy fits the profile that both advocates and opponents of self-testing point to: She had no symptoms of anemia and got a test that wound up being unnecessary. But she also had a psychological need to know and a financial need to pursue that cheaply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Murdoc of WellnessFX said that while he defers to official guidelines, as a vegan, Amy probably did the right thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a very cheap blood test,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: This post was corrected to reflect updated recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force on testing for iron-deficiency anemia. Originally, the story said the task force recommended testing in asymptomatic women and small children. But in September 2015 the USPSTF concluded \"that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for iron deficiency anemia\" in both pregnant women and children ages 6 to 24 months.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/157867/should-you-be-allowed-to-order-your-own-blood-tests","authors":["80"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060"],"tags":["futureofyou_164","futureofyou_814","futureofyou_909","futureofyou_617","futureofyou_908"],"featImg":"futureofyou_159223","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_138294":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_138294","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"138294","score":null,"sort":[1459546212000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"report-shows-theranos-blood-tests-fail-even-the-companys-standards","title":"Report Shows Theranos Blood Tests Fail Even the Company's Standards","publishDate":1459546212,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>This has been another bad week for the Palo Alto-based consumer blood testing company, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Theranos\u003c/a>. Since last year, the start-up has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/10/15/critics-demand-theranos-lift-veil-of-secrecy-on-blood-test/\" target=\"_blank\">dogged by regulatory troubles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A newly released federal inspection report, by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), has found that the company's testing devices often fail the firm’s own accuracy requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 121 page redacted report about Theranos’s Newark laboratory, revealed that the company’s much touted finger-prick blood tests failed quality control checks nearly 30 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Theranos may now be facing sanctions that could range from fines to a retraction of the company’s approval to test human samples.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://topics.wsj.com/person/C/john-carreyrou/1282\" target=\"_blank\">John Carreyrou\u003c/a> is an investigative reporter for \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> who has been covering Theranos and first reported the story today. He told KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/danielleventon?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">Danielle Venton\u003c/a> that the company's pattern has been to criticize any information made public by others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This data is important because it comes directly from the company. The company can't say, 'well this person or that person has an agenda and they are out to get us'. This is their own data,\" says Carreyrou.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is [government inspectors] going in and looking at data and records from Theranos itself and then reporting that the records show an incredibly high rate of failure during quality checks, incredibly wide variations,\" explains Carreyrou.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reviewing the report, Carreyrou described a hormone test that failed 87 percent of quality control tests during one month and a test to help detect prostate cancer failed more than 20 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current report follows \u003ca href=\"http://www.jci.org/articles/view/86318\">an independent study,\u003c/a> released earlier in the week, also showing inconsistent lab results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos, which has claimed its technology would revolutionize the blood testing industry, is now facing potential penalties. Carreyrou said that his understanding is that federal regulators plan to impose sanctions that could range from fines to a retraction of the company’s approval to test human samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When reached for comment about the government report, Theranos spokesperson, Brooke Buchanan, said, \"Quality and patient safety is our top priority. Theranos submitted a Plan of Correction to CMS and related evidence that addressed how the company has actively ensured that our lab operates at the highest standard. We’ve made mistakes in the past in the Newark, CA lab, but when the company was made aware of the deficiencies we have dedicated every resource to remedy those failures.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In KQED's own interviews with Theranos and government regulators, we have not been able to clarify how many patients have been affected, or what they may have been told about the blood testing irregularities.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new report finds the troubled blood testing company's results are often wrong.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1459552835,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":460},"headData":{"title":"Report Shows Theranos Blood Tests Fail Even the Company's Standards | KQED","description":"A new report finds the troubled blood testing company's results are often wrong.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Report Shows Theranos Blood Tests Fail Even the Company's Standards","datePublished":"2016-04-01T21:30:12.000Z","dateModified":"2016-04-01T23:20:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"138294 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=138294","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/01/report-shows-theranos-blood-tests-fail-even-the-companys-standards/","disqusTitle":"Report Shows Theranos Blood Tests Fail Even the Company's Standards","path":"/futureofyou/138294/report-shows-theranos-blood-tests-fail-even-the-companys-standards","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This has been another bad week for the Palo Alto-based consumer blood testing company, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Theranos\u003c/a>. Since last year, the start-up has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/10/15/critics-demand-theranos-lift-veil-of-secrecy-on-blood-test/\" target=\"_blank\">dogged by regulatory troubles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A newly released federal inspection report, by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), has found that the company's testing devices often fail the firm’s own accuracy requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 121 page redacted report about Theranos’s Newark laboratory, revealed that the company’s much touted finger-prick blood tests failed quality control checks nearly 30 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Theranos may now be facing sanctions that could range from fines to a retraction of the company’s approval to test human samples.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://topics.wsj.com/person/C/john-carreyrou/1282\" target=\"_blank\">John Carreyrou\u003c/a> is an investigative reporter for \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> who has been covering Theranos and first reported the story today. He told KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/danielleventon?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">Danielle Venton\u003c/a> that the company's pattern has been to criticize any information made public by others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This data is important because it comes directly from the company. The company can't say, 'well this person or that person has an agenda and they are out to get us'. This is their own data,\" says Carreyrou.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is [government inspectors] going in and looking at data and records from Theranos itself and then reporting that the records show an incredibly high rate of failure during quality checks, incredibly wide variations,\" explains Carreyrou.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reviewing the report, Carreyrou described a hormone test that failed 87 percent of quality control tests during one month and a test to help detect prostate cancer failed more than 20 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current report follows \u003ca href=\"http://www.jci.org/articles/view/86318\">an independent study,\u003c/a> released earlier in the week, also showing inconsistent lab results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos, which has claimed its technology would revolutionize the blood testing industry, is now facing potential penalties. Carreyrou said that his understanding is that federal regulators plan to impose sanctions that could range from fines to a retraction of the company’s approval to test human samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When reached for comment about the government report, Theranos spokesperson, Brooke Buchanan, said, \"Quality and patient safety is our top priority. Theranos submitted a Plan of Correction to CMS and related evidence that addressed how the company has actively ensured that our lab operates at the highest standard. We’ve made mistakes in the past in the Newark, CA lab, but when the company was made aware of the deficiencies we have dedicated every resource to remedy those failures.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In KQED's own interviews with Theranos and government regulators, we have not been able to clarify how many patients have been affected, or what they may have been told about the blood testing irregularities.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/138294/report-shows-theranos-blood-tests-fail-even-the-companys-standards","authors":["212"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_164","futureofyou_617"],"featImg":"futureofyou_103649","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_3937":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_3937","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"3937","score":null,"sort":[1433782281000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-this-new-blood-test-reveals-your-history-of-viral-infections","title":"How This New Blood Test Reveals Your History of Viral Infections","publishDate":1433782281,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Imagine a test that can reveal nearly every virus you've ever had with a single drop of blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital say they can do just that with a cheap, new method called \"VirScan.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of news outlets covered the announcement late last week. On reviewing some of the reader comments, it seems that some of you were surprised as I am that a test like this hasn't been on the market for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's our explainer of everything you need to know about this breakthrough with some added context:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How does this test work?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The test looks for the antibodies that your body has used to fight previous viral infections -- thus, the researchers refer to it as a viral history test. A drop of blood carries plenty of information about previous viruses you've encountered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test can detect past exposure to more than 1,000 strains of viruses from 206 species. This encompasses most of the human “virome,” meaning all the viruses known to infect people. \u003cem>The Washington Post \u003c/em>has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2015/06/04/this-blood-test-can-tell-you-every-virus-youve-ever-had/\">great infographic\u003c/a> to explain the science in more detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note, the test isn't perfect: It can miss some small infections and it may conflate two related viruses. But many medical experts say this is an important technological feat, which will change the practice of medicine. As Dr. David Agus \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/virscan-blood-test-patient-detecting-virus-history/\">put it on\u003c/a> \u003cem>CBS This Morning\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>What I really believe is, every year you go to a doctor, we're gonna take a drop of that blood and we're gonna get your viral history for that year.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch3>What were the results from the first set of studies?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The researchers screened 569 human donors from across four continents: United States, South Africa, Thailand and Peru. They reported to \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> that the VirScan method at revealing viruses is as effective as single tests, which screen for one virus at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/348/6239/aaa0698\">test revealed\u003c/a> ten viral species per donor. As you might imagine, these tended to be the most common infections, like colds and flus. Two individuals, however, had encountered 84 species of viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why bother to test for previous viral infections?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A viral infection can alter your immunity in myriad ways, including many that we do not yet understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the introduction to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/348/6239/aaa0698\">research paper in \u003cem>Science:\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The collection of viruses found to infect humans can have profound effects on human health...This interplay between virome and host immunity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of complex diseases such as type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It's not yet clear whether the test will prove useful for diagnostic purposes. But we do know that doctors are limited today as they can only screen for one pathogen at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report in\u003cem> Science\u003c/em> hypothesizes that in the future, your doctor will be able to detect a potential link between past viral infections and current diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How much does it cost?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VirScan analysis currently can be performed for about $25 per blood sample, but the first labs that carry the test may charge much more. It's unclear when the test will hit the market -- the researchers do not yet know when they will commercialize the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What will be the first applications for the test?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The research may support early detection of some diseases, and help us understand the triggers for some autoimmune diseases and cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen J. Elledge, the senior author of the report and a professor of \u003ca title=\"In-depth reference and news articles about Genetics.\" href=\"http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/specialtopic/genetics/overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier\">genetics\u003c/a> at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, told the New York Times that researchers will come up with applications that \"we haven't even dreamed of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Were there any early surprises?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Ellege told the New York Times that he was surprised about one finding in particular. For patients with H.I.V, he expected that the immune response to other viruses would be diminished. “Instead, they have exaggerated responses to almost every virus,” he told The New York Times -- and the researchers do not yet have an explanation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's next?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, we still do not have a widely-available test that uses a drop of blood to determine whether a person is experiencing a viral, bacteria or fungal infection - \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/3750414/antibiotics-overprescribe-bacterial-viral-infections-immunoxper/\">although researchers have made some important strides in recent years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers behind VirScan say they hope to expand the test to include new viruses, as they're discovered, as well as other human pathogens, like bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are the implications of that? For starters, doctors will be less likely to prescribe antibiotics that don't work on viral infections. The overprescription of antibiotics is a public health concern, as it can contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/10/04/229167826/despite-many-warnings-antibiotics-are-still-overprescribed\">More on that here. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VirScan's test may also prove valuable to the scientific community through the data it collects. Its method may result in a \"big data\" set for viral exposures, which researchers could use to shed light on many illnesses. Dr. Ellege \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/05/health/single-blood-test-for-all-virus-exposures.html?_r=0\">told the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> he hopes to solve at least one medical mystery: Why do some people respond well to chemotherapy and not others?\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Have you ever wondered about every virus you've ever had? Researchers say a new $25 test can chronicle your history of viral infections. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1434047192,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":918},"headData":{"title":"How This New Blood Test Reveals Your History of Viral Infections | KQED","description":"Have you ever wondered about every virus you've ever had? Researchers say a new $25 test can chronicle your history of viral infections. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How This New Blood Test Reveals Your History of Viral Infections","datePublished":"2015-06-08T16:51:21.000Z","dateModified":"2015-06-11T18:26:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"3937 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=3937","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/06/08/how-this-new-blood-test-reveals-your-history-of-viral-infections/","disqusTitle":"How This New Blood Test Reveals Your History of Viral Infections","path":"/futureofyou/3937/how-this-new-blood-test-reveals-your-history-of-viral-infections","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Imagine a test that can reveal nearly every virus you've ever had with a single drop of blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital say they can do just that with a cheap, new method called \"VirScan.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of news outlets covered the announcement late last week. On reviewing some of the reader comments, it seems that some of you were surprised as I am that a test like this hasn't been on the market for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's our explainer of everything you need to know about this breakthrough with some added context:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How does this test work?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The test looks for the antibodies that your body has used to fight previous viral infections -- thus, the researchers refer to it as a viral history test. A drop of blood carries plenty of information about previous viruses you've encountered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test can detect past exposure to more than 1,000 strains of viruses from 206 species. This encompasses most of the human “virome,” meaning all the viruses known to infect people. \u003cem>The Washington Post \u003c/em>has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2015/06/04/this-blood-test-can-tell-you-every-virus-youve-ever-had/\">great infographic\u003c/a> to explain the science in more detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note, the test isn't perfect: It can miss some small infections and it may conflate two related viruses. But many medical experts say this is an important technological feat, which will change the practice of medicine. As Dr. David Agus \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/virscan-blood-test-patient-detecting-virus-history/\">put it on\u003c/a> \u003cem>CBS This Morning\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>What I really believe is, every year you go to a doctor, we're gonna take a drop of that blood and we're gonna get your viral history for that year.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch3>What were the results from the first set of studies?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The researchers screened 569 human donors from across four continents: United States, South Africa, Thailand and Peru. They reported to \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> that the VirScan method at revealing viruses is as effective as single tests, which screen for one virus at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/348/6239/aaa0698\">test revealed\u003c/a> ten viral species per donor. As you might imagine, these tended to be the most common infections, like colds and flus. Two individuals, however, had encountered 84 species of viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why bother to test for previous viral infections?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A viral infection can alter your immunity in myriad ways, including many that we do not yet understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the introduction to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/348/6239/aaa0698\">research paper in \u003cem>Science:\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The collection of viruses found to infect humans can have profound effects on human health...This interplay between virome and host immunity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of complex diseases such as type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It's not yet clear whether the test will prove useful for diagnostic purposes. But we do know that doctors are limited today as they can only screen for one pathogen at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report in\u003cem> Science\u003c/em> hypothesizes that in the future, your doctor will be able to detect a potential link between past viral infections and current diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How much does it cost?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VirScan analysis currently can be performed for about $25 per blood sample, but the first labs that carry the test may charge much more. It's unclear when the test will hit the market -- the researchers do not yet know when they will commercialize the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What will be the first applications for the test?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The research may support early detection of some diseases, and help us understand the triggers for some autoimmune diseases and cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen J. Elledge, the senior author of the report and a professor of \u003ca title=\"In-depth reference and news articles about Genetics.\" href=\"http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/specialtopic/genetics/overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier\">genetics\u003c/a> at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, told the New York Times that researchers will come up with applications that \"we haven't even dreamed of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Were there any early surprises?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Ellege told the New York Times that he was surprised about one finding in particular. For patients with H.I.V, he expected that the immune response to other viruses would be diminished. “Instead, they have exaggerated responses to almost every virus,” he told The New York Times -- and the researchers do not yet have an explanation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's next?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, we still do not have a widely-available test that uses a drop of blood to determine whether a person is experiencing a viral, bacteria or fungal infection - \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/3750414/antibiotics-overprescribe-bacterial-viral-infections-immunoxper/\">although researchers have made some important strides in recent years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers behind VirScan say they hope to expand the test to include new viruses, as they're discovered, as well as other human pathogens, like bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are the implications of that? For starters, doctors will be less likely to prescribe antibiotics that don't work on viral infections. The overprescription of antibiotics is a public health concern, as it can contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/10/04/229167826/despite-many-warnings-antibiotics-are-still-overprescribed\">More on that here. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VirScan's test may also prove valuable to the scientific community through the data it collects. Its method may result in a \"big data\" set for viral exposures, which researchers could use to shed light on many illnesses. Dr. Ellege \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/05/health/single-blood-test-for-all-virus-exposures.html?_r=0\">told the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> he hopes to solve at least one medical mystery: Why do some people respond well to chemotherapy and not others?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/3937/how-this-new-blood-test-reveals-your-history-of-viral-infections","authors":["3252"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_164","futureofyou_138","futureofyou_270","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_415","futureofyou_417","futureofyou_416"],"featImg":"futureofyou_3939","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_1373":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_1373","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"1373","score":null,"sort":[1428424720000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"tracking-your-own-health-data-too-closely-can-make-you-sick","title":"Tracking Your Own Health Data Too Closely Can Make You Sick","publishDate":1428424720,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Last week, Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban caused quite a stir on Twitter by suggesting that people, if they could afford it, get quarterly bloodwork to establish a baseline of their own health. A big failing of medicine, he wrote, is that \"we wait till we are sick to have our blood tested and compare the results to 'comparable demographics.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/mcuban/status/583366647987093504\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While that idea may seem logical, medical researchers have long cautioned that more testing is \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e7191\">not a recipe for better health\u003c/a>. I and others, including many doctors, countered Cuban's views, saying they could produce dangerous outcomes for patients. (You can find my summary \u003ca href=\"https://storify.com/charlesornstein/my-tussle-with-mcuban-over-excessive-blood-testing\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://storify.com/charlesornstein/round-two-my-tussle-with-mcuban-continues-over-qua\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's why: More testing leads to more false positives and incidental findings (abnormalities that don't pose a risk to your actual health). That leads to a higher probability of treatment. And treatment carries side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Society of General Internal Medicine \u003ca href=\"http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/society-of-general-internal-medicine/\">explicitly discourages\u003c/a> routine general health checks for adults who have no symptoms, saying they have not been shown to reduce illness, death or hospitalization, but do create \"a potential for harm from unnecessary testing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was an interesting discussion, and Cuban did not back down. Indeed, some doctors said that Cuban's vision may be the way of the future, particularly as medical testing improves and patients grow more accustomed to managing their own health data. \"Many companies are pushing big data in healthcare,\" writes \u003ca href=\"http://oncology.wustl.edu/people/faculty/Tomasson/Tomasson_Bio.html\">Dr. Michael H. Tomasson,\u003c/a> a hematologist at Washington University in St. Louis, \u003ca href=\"https://michaeltomasson.wordpress.com/2015/04/02/mark-cuban-understands-the-future-of-health-care/\">on his blog\u003c/a>. \"I see no reason why Cuban can't push too in his own way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1375\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1375\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Mark Cuban, owner of the Dallas Mavericks, stirred debate last week with his suggestion that quarterly blood testing could help healthy people stay that way.\" width=\"338\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7-320x213.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Cuban, owner of the Dallas Mavericks, stirred debate last week with his suggestion that quarterly blood testing could help healthy people stay that way. (Doug Pensinger/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I asked Cuban to continue the discussion in a podcast and an interview. He declined, saying my position on the issue rendered me partial. But he explains more of his thinking in \u003ca href=\"http://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2015/04/05/radiologists-vs-mark-cuban-on-overtesting/comment-page-1/#comment-731904\">comments he posted\u003c/a> on The Health Care Blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get some additional perspective, I turned to \u003ca href=\"http://www.tdi.dartmouth.edu/faculty/h-gilbert-welch-md-mph\">Dr. H. Gilbert Welch\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College. Welch is a leader in articulating the case against testing too much. His take on the question at hand was never in doubt, but the reasoning behind it is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is quarterly bloodwork for healthy people a good thing?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. It's not. This is potentially a recipe for making all of us sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I guess the first thing to say is that we all harbor abnormalities, and increasingly our technologies are able to detect them — be they biochemical, be they structural. We can see things down to millimeters in size; we can measure things down to parts per billion; and we can sequence the whole genome. That's 3 billion data points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So there's no shortage of biometric data that people could be collecting on themselves regularly, and by the way, there's a huge financial interest in having people do that. The market of the well is a huge, huge market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is you'll always be catching things out of what we would say is normal. This is anticipatory medicine at its worst, where you're really focused on what could be going wrong in the future and you're trying to pick up [a] signal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is there's so much noise — because the human body is a living organism. Variation is the very essence of life. People will start reacting to this data. I also think it's really important to label it what it is: data. To me it only becomes information to the extent that it accurately predicts something will happen in the future, and it only becomes useful knowledge — a higher level piece of information — if we can do something about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cuban argues that any misdiagnoses and unnecessary treatment rests with the doctors, and not with patients owning their data. Do you agree?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think there's a misunderstanding that diagnosis is some super clear black-white kind of distinction, when in fact there are 1,000 shades of gray in between. The time you get into that gray is when you're dealing with people who feel fine and have some detectable abnormality. That's how we get into it in cancer screening. We're looking for very early signs of disease. There's going to be great pressure to react to those abnormalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“The more tests you do, and this is only the statistical process, the more likely one of them will be falsely abnormal.”\u003ccite> Dr. H. Gilbert Welch, medical professor at The Dartmouth Institute \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It's not fair to say the pathologists have misdiagnosed. Undoubtedly there is some misdiagnosis, but their standard for what constitutes cancer is the appearance of individual cells, and how they relate to one another — the architecture of the cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a perfectly good standard when you were sending them cancers that you could feel, things the size of golf balls. But when you start sending them microscopic collections of cells, expecting them to make some prediction about the dynamics of that process and how that will interact with the host — that's you – it's understandably going to be fraught with uncertainly. It's all going to be probabilistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some people say that medicine needs to move away from paternalism and more toward individual ownership of health. Patients want access to their own data, how and when they want it.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm a great believer in having patients share in decisions. At the same time, since I've actually cared for patients, I know that many times they're sick. They actually want to know what your advice is. It's too easy for doctors to come back and say, 'What do you want to do?' Obviously we have to find a balance between something that's totally on the patient to try to decide ... and the doctor simply asserting what the patient should do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think most patients want to be somewhere in between. They want to participate in the decision, and when there really are close calls, they want to participate in the close calls. We should recognize that some patients will want to do that more than others, and some patients will be more capable of doing that than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We should also be clear that there's a lot of bad information out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cuban makes a distinction between making a diagnosis, and collecting a series of data points to \"benchmark\" yourself.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more tests you do, and this is only the statistical process, the more likely one of them will be falsely abnormal. And the more times you do it, the more chance that something will be falsely abnormal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be great pressure to take actions and that's how people will get hurt. It's going to distract them from the more positive things that they can do now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It gets down to what health is. What I'm worried about is allowing health to be defined as some set of biometric measurements. ... Health is about more than a bunch of physical measurements. It's about a state of mind and we have to be careful not to undermine that state of mind. Ironically, part of health is \u003cem>not\u003c/em> being too focused on it. ... Much better for people to develop good relationships, have good friends, be outside, eat well — find things that produce meaning in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post comes to us via NPR's partnership with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.propublica.org/article/mark-cubans-advice-a-recipe-for-making-all-of-us-sick-expert-says\">ProPublica\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 ProPublica. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.propublica.org/\">http://www.propublica.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tracking+Your+Own+Health+Data+Too+Closely+Can+Make+You+Sick&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Why not check bloodwork a few times a year as some celebrities advise? Because too much testing can lead to false positives (and abnormalities that don't threaten health) and to unnecessary treatment.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1428424720,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1304},"headData":{"title":"Tracking Your Own Health Data Too Closely Can Make You Sick | KQED","description":"Why not check bloodwork a few times a year as some celebrities advise? Because too much testing can lead to false positives (and abnormalities that don't threaten health) and to unnecessary treatment.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Tracking Your Own Health Data Too Closely Can Make You Sick","datePublished":"2015-04-07T16:38:40.000Z","dateModified":"2015-04-07T16:38:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"1373 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=1373","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/04/07/tracking-your-own-health-data-too-closely-can-make-you-sick/","disqusTitle":"Tracking Your Own Health Data Too Closely Can Make You Sick","nprByline":"Charles Ornstein","nprStoryId":"397848621","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=397848621&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/04/06/397848621/tracking-your-own-health-data-too-closely-can-make-you-sick?ft=nprml&f=397848621","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 07 Apr 2015 08:32:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 06 Apr 2015 14:05:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 07 Apr 2015 08:32:54 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/1373/tracking-your-own-health-data-too-closely-can-make-you-sick","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last week, Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban caused quite a stir on Twitter by suggesting that people, if they could afford it, get quarterly bloodwork to establish a baseline of their own health. A big failing of medicine, he wrote, is that \"we wait till we are sick to have our blood tested and compare the results to 'comparable demographics.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"583366647987093504"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>While that idea may seem logical, medical researchers have long cautioned that more testing is \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e7191\">not a recipe for better health\u003c/a>. I and others, including many doctors, countered Cuban's views, saying they could produce dangerous outcomes for patients. (You can find my summary \u003ca href=\"https://storify.com/charlesornstein/my-tussle-with-mcuban-over-excessive-blood-testing\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://storify.com/charlesornstein/round-two-my-tussle-with-mcuban-continues-over-qua\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's why: More testing leads to more false positives and incidental findings (abnormalities that don't pose a risk to your actual health). That leads to a higher probability of treatment. And treatment carries side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Society of General Internal Medicine \u003ca href=\"http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/society-of-general-internal-medicine/\">explicitly discourages\u003c/a> routine general health checks for adults who have no symptoms, saying they have not been shown to reduce illness, death or hospitalization, but do create \"a potential for harm from unnecessary testing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was an interesting discussion, and Cuban did not back down. Indeed, some doctors said that Cuban's vision may be the way of the future, particularly as medical testing improves and patients grow more accustomed to managing their own health data. \"Many companies are pushing big data in healthcare,\" writes \u003ca href=\"http://oncology.wustl.edu/people/faculty/Tomasson/Tomasson_Bio.html\">Dr. Michael H. Tomasson,\u003c/a> a hematologist at Washington University in St. Louis, \u003ca href=\"https://michaeltomasson.wordpress.com/2015/04/02/mark-cuban-understands-the-future-of-health-care/\">on his blog\u003c/a>. \"I see no reason why Cuban can't push too in his own way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1375\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1375\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Mark Cuban, owner of the Dallas Mavericks, stirred debate last week with his suggestion that quarterly blood testing could help healthy people stay that way.\" width=\"338\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7-320x213.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/mark-cuban_enl-3d1ad78959b0f0f533558047910fd624c4f8caa7.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Cuban, owner of the Dallas Mavericks, stirred debate last week with his suggestion that quarterly blood testing could help healthy people stay that way. (Doug Pensinger/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I asked Cuban to continue the discussion in a podcast and an interview. He declined, saying my position on the issue rendered me partial. But he explains more of his thinking in \u003ca href=\"http://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2015/04/05/radiologists-vs-mark-cuban-on-overtesting/comment-page-1/#comment-731904\">comments he posted\u003c/a> on The Health Care Blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get some additional perspective, I turned to \u003ca href=\"http://www.tdi.dartmouth.edu/faculty/h-gilbert-welch-md-mph\">Dr. H. Gilbert Welch\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College. Welch is a leader in articulating the case against testing too much. His take on the question at hand was never in doubt, but the reasoning behind it is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is quarterly bloodwork for healthy people a good thing?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. It's not. This is potentially a recipe for making all of us sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I guess the first thing to say is that we all harbor abnormalities, and increasingly our technologies are able to detect them — be they biochemical, be they structural. We can see things down to millimeters in size; we can measure things down to parts per billion; and we can sequence the whole genome. That's 3 billion data points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So there's no shortage of biometric data that people could be collecting on themselves regularly, and by the way, there's a huge financial interest in having people do that. The market of the well is a huge, huge market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is you'll always be catching things out of what we would say is normal. This is anticipatory medicine at its worst, where you're really focused on what could be going wrong in the future and you're trying to pick up [a] signal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is there's so much noise — because the human body is a living organism. Variation is the very essence of life. People will start reacting to this data. I also think it's really important to label it what it is: data. To me it only becomes information to the extent that it accurately predicts something will happen in the future, and it only becomes useful knowledge — a higher level piece of information — if we can do something about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cuban argues that any misdiagnoses and unnecessary treatment rests with the doctors, and not with patients owning their data. Do you agree?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think there's a misunderstanding that diagnosis is some super clear black-white kind of distinction, when in fact there are 1,000 shades of gray in between. The time you get into that gray is when you're dealing with people who feel fine and have some detectable abnormality. That's how we get into it in cancer screening. We're looking for very early signs of disease. There's going to be great pressure to react to those abnormalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“The more tests you do, and this is only the statistical process, the more likely one of them will be falsely abnormal.”\u003ccite> Dr. H. Gilbert Welch, medical professor at The Dartmouth Institute \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It's not fair to say the pathologists have misdiagnosed. Undoubtedly there is some misdiagnosis, but their standard for what constitutes cancer is the appearance of individual cells, and how they relate to one another — the architecture of the cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a perfectly good standard when you were sending them cancers that you could feel, things the size of golf balls. But when you start sending them microscopic collections of cells, expecting them to make some prediction about the dynamics of that process and how that will interact with the host — that's you – it's understandably going to be fraught with uncertainly. It's all going to be probabilistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some people say that medicine needs to move away from paternalism and more toward individual ownership of health. Patients want access to their own data, how and when they want it.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm a great believer in having patients share in decisions. At the same time, since I've actually cared for patients, I know that many times they're sick. They actually want to know what your advice is. It's too easy for doctors to come back and say, 'What do you want to do?' Obviously we have to find a balance between something that's totally on the patient to try to decide ... and the doctor simply asserting what the patient should do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think most patients want to be somewhere in between. They want to participate in the decision, and when there really are close calls, they want to participate in the close calls. We should recognize that some patients will want to do that more than others, and some patients will be more capable of doing that than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We should also be clear that there's a lot of bad information out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cuban makes a distinction between making a diagnosis, and collecting a series of data points to \"benchmark\" yourself.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more tests you do, and this is only the statistical process, the more likely one of them will be falsely abnormal. And the more times you do it, the more chance that something will be falsely abnormal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be great pressure to take actions and that's how people will get hurt. It's going to distract them from the more positive things that they can do now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It gets down to what health is. What I'm worried about is allowing health to be defined as some set of biometric measurements. ... Health is about more than a bunch of physical measurements. It's about a state of mind and we have to be careful not to undermine that state of mind. Ironically, part of health is \u003cem>not\u003c/em> being too focused on it. ... Much better for people to develop good relationships, have good friends, be outside, eat well — find things that produce meaning in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post comes to us via NPR's partnership with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.propublica.org/article/mark-cubans-advice-a-recipe-for-making-all-of-us-sick-expert-says\">ProPublica\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 ProPublica. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.propublica.org/\">http://www.propublica.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tracking+Your+Own+Health+Data+Too+Closely+Can+Make+You+Sick&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/1373/tracking-your-own-health-data-too-closely-can-make-you-sick","authors":["byline_futureofyou_1373"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_164","futureofyou_167","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_166","futureofyou_165"],"featImg":"futureofyou_1374","label":"futureofyou"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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