After Infecting Pregnant Monkey With Zika, Scientists Wait for Backlash
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The virus has sowed fear and loathing in parts of Latin America and the Caribbean, and now Puerto Rico is \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/health/zika-virus-puerto-rico.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">preparing for a nasty epidemic\u003c/a> that may result in hundreds of thousands of infections. The CDC has \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/alert/zika-virus-puerto-rico\" target=\"_blank\">advised pregnant women\u003c/a> to avoid traveling to the island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two researchers who are working diligently to learn more about Zika are Dave O'Connor and Tom Friedrich. They are currently studying the virus' transmission from mother to fetus, in hopes of informing the public health response.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"The idea of making data from nonhuman primates available to the public is basically an invitation to disaster.\"\u003ccite>Researcher Dave O'Connor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And yet, O'Connor and Friedrich have prepared themselves for the possibility, if not the probability, that some will not exactly view them as doing God’s own work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? Because they are using rhesus monkeys in their research. Two weeks ago, they deliberately infected a pregnant mother with the virus in order to observe its effect on the fetus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Posting Data in Real Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Connor and Friedrich hope to answer important unknowns about the virus, including how long it's present after infection, where in the body besides the blood it exists, and what the likelihood is that an infected mother will pass it on to her offspring. They are also deviating from the ordinary method for disseminating research — publishing in a peer-reviewed journal — by \u003ca href=\"https://zika.labkey.com/project/OConnor/ZIKV-003/begin.view\" target=\"_blank\">posting their data\u003c/a> for both their colleagues and the public to see as soon as it comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am aware that sharing \u003ca href=\"https://dholk.primate.wisc.edu/_webdav/dho/public/Zika/public/%40files/ultrasounds/827577/Placenta%20disk%202%20d0.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">ultrasound imagery\u003c/a> of developing macaques can elicit stronger emotions than looking at relatively sterile charts and tables. It certainly did for me and our staff who saw the first ultrasound today,\" \u003ca href=\"https://zika.labkey.com/announcements/OConnor/ZIKV-003/thread.view?rowId=32\" target=\"_blank\">O'Connor logged\u003c/a> on the lab's website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to thank those who have viewed our data so far and have chosen not to use it out of context to further arguments against using animals in research.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_133119\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-133119\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-133119\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"This ultrasound shows the rhesus monkey fetus before the mother was injected with Zika two weeks ago. Researchers say ultrasounds show the fetus still appears healthy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound-800x598.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound-400x299.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound-768x574.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound-960x718.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound.jpg 1158w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This ultrasound shows the rhesus monkey fetus before the mother was injected with Zika two weeks ago. Researchers say ultrasounds show the fetus still appears healthy. \u003ccite>(University of Wisconsin, Madison)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last Thursday I asked him what he meant by \"taking data out of context.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The sad reality is that most of the research we conduct on animals never gets into the biomedical literature … That kind of retention of data fails to redeem the suffering and the sacrifice of animals in experiments.’\u003ccite>Biomedical ethicist Jonathan Kimmelman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The idea of making data from nonhuman primates available to the public is basically an invitation to disaster,\" he said, referring to the possibility that those who oppose animal research will use it in a propagandistic way. \"Just like if you were to take patient data out of the hospital and show images of surgeries or ultrasounds ... without the full context of how you ended up in that position. It can be visceral, it can be grotesque.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Connor said that both he and Friedrich have had run-ins over the years with animal welfare activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Madison is a very progressive city,\" he said. \"We have a lot of people here who have very strong viewpoints, including a community of people who are pretty strongly against research on nonhuman primates in most contexts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue of animal welfare has been a \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=animal+rights+university+of+wisconsin\" target=\"_blank\">flashpoint\u003c/a> at the university because of its status as a hub for animal research, and because it operates \u003ca href=\"https://www.primate.wisc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">one \u003c/a>of seven \u003ca href=\"http://nprcresearch.org/primate/contact.php\" target=\"_blank\">national primate research centers\u003c/a>. In 2014, the school was \u003ca href=\"http://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/education/on_campus/on-campus-uw-madison-fined-for-violations-of-animals-in/article_e6a3b4f5-31eb-5049-a105-4a97bc17ee4a.html\" target=\"_blank\">fined $35,000\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for violations of the federal Animal Research Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two scientists' experiences researching AIDS/HIV have colored their opinions about using animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'While we support effective and humane research in the search for vaccines and treatments for Zika virus, we have serious concerns regarding the use of monkeys and other animals for this purpose.'\u003ccite>Katy Taylor, Cruelty Free International\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"I like to remind people that, even though you don't hear about it as much today, there’s still about 6,000 people who get HIV every day around the world,\" O'Connor says. \"In the entire history of my lab and Tom’s lab and probably every other lab at this university ... we’re not going to use 6,000 monkeys in our entire scientific careers. So the idea that a small number of animals could have a profound effect on the health of a lot of people with HIV is something we came to terms with a long time ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he said, injecting a pregnant monkey with the Zika virus was \"profound.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As parents ourselves we are sensitive to the implications of studying mothers during pregnancy,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedrich said his first experiment as a Ph.D. student involved injecting monkeys with the simian immune deficiency virus, a retrovirus similar to HIV. \"I went back with the veterinarians to assist with the process. I wanted to take ownership of it and see what it was going to mean for those animals, and it was a hard thing to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Animal Welfare Group Opposed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Cruelty Free International, a London-based, anti-animal experimentation organization with roots going back to 1898, \u003ca href=\"https://www.crueltyfreeinternational.org/blog/pregnant-monkeys-be-infected-zika-virus-cruel-research\" target=\"_blank\">came out against\u003c/a> the experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'While we support effective and humane research in the search for vaccines and treatments for Zika virus, we have serious concerns regarding the use of monkeys and other animals for this purpose.'\u003ccite>Katy Taylor, Cruelty Free International\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“While we support effective and humane research in the search for vaccines and treatments for Zika virus, we have serious concerns regarding the use of monkeys and other animals for this purpose,\" said Katy Taylor, the organization's director of science. \"The poor relevance of using monkeys to study human disease and the greater relevance of human-based approaches, means that it is scientifically and morally indefensible to deliberately infect monkeys with Zika virus and/or to test therapies and vaccines on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedrich said using animals is the best way to get the most relevant data quickly, and that human trials would cause significant delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will take a long time to enroll the number of people that would be required ... to conclude that it was statistically sound data that allows us to draw conclusions applicable to most infected people,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says taking the necessary samples from a monkey wouldn't be feasible or ethical in humans. \"We might sample amniotic fluid from the infected [monkey] on a frequent basis and ask whether the virus gets into the amniotic fluid, and that’s just not something you can do in pregnant humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Kimmelman, an associate professor in the biomedical ethics unit of McGill University, says it's \"silly\" to dismiss research results gleaned from animals as irrelevant to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some animal experiments that are reasonably predictive of scenarios that will play out in human beings and some [that] aren’t.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedrich points to trials in monkeys that found pre-exposure prophylaxis drugs (PrEP) are effective in preventing infection in people who are later exposed to HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This result paved the way for clinical trials of PrEP in humans that were also extremely effective,\" he said in an email. The result: \u003ca href=\"http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/61/10/1604.full\" target=\"_blank\">Truvada\u003c/a>, approved by the FDA in 2012 as the first drug to prevent people from acquiring HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Backlash -- Yet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of last week, the lab had yet to experience a significant backlash for their experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, O'Connor said, \"I’m under no illusion that's going to continue indefinitely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, at least one online criticism has emerged, on a website called \"\u003ca href=\"http://primateresearch.blogspot.com/2016/03/dave-oconnor-sad-and-heartbroken.html\" target=\"_blank\">Primate Freedom\u003c/a>,\" which attacks O'Connor for \"using and killing monkeys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His career rests squarely on their corpses,\" the post says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimmelman, the bioethicist, says the researchers' public dissemination of their data is a strong mitigating factor in justifying these experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sad reality is that most of the research we conduct on animals never gets into the biomedical literature. The results are almost completely inaccessible,\" he says. \"That kind of retention of data fails to redeem the suffering and the sacrifice of animals in experiments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real-time data-sharing aspect of their research has so far been a big success, says Friedrich, with other scientists using their posted data and replicating the results, or collaborating on certain tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We aren’t the only ones who have good ideas,\" he says. \"The more people who are thinking about this, especially in the context of an emergent public health crisis, the better.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Dave O'Connor and Tom Friedrich discuss their decision to use animal experimentation in their quest to find answers about Zika virus.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1476934088,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1525},"headData":{"title":"After Infecting Pregnant Monkey With Zika, Scientists Wait for Backlash | KQED","description":"Dave O'Connor and Tom Friedrich discuss their decision to use animal experimentation in their quest to find answers about Zika virus.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"After Infecting Pregnant Monkey With Zika, Scientists Wait for Backlash","datePublished":"2016-03-23T00:13:39.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-20T03:28:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"132435 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=132435","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/22/after-infecting-pregnant-monkey-with-zika-scientists-wait-for-backlash/","disqusTitle":"After Infecting Pregnant Monkey With Zika, Scientists Wait for Backlash","path":"/futureofyou/132435/after-infecting-pregnant-monkey-with-zika-scientists-wait-for-backlash","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We've all seen the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=zika+microcephaly\" target=\"_blank\">media coverage\u003c/a> about the Zika virus' potentially \u003ca href=\"http://news.yahoo.com/brazil-says-confirmed-suspected-microcephaly-cases-rise-5-135759702.html\" target=\"_blank\">destructive effect\u003c/a> on newborns. The virus has sowed fear and loathing in parts of Latin America and the Caribbean, and now Puerto Rico is \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/health/zika-virus-puerto-rico.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">preparing for a nasty epidemic\u003c/a> that may result in hundreds of thousands of infections. The CDC has \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/alert/zika-virus-puerto-rico\" target=\"_blank\">advised pregnant women\u003c/a> to avoid traveling to the island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two researchers who are working diligently to learn more about Zika are Dave O'Connor and Tom Friedrich. They are currently studying the virus' transmission from mother to fetus, in hopes of informing the public health response.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"The idea of making data from nonhuman primates available to the public is basically an invitation to disaster.\"\u003ccite>Researcher Dave O'Connor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And yet, O'Connor and Friedrich have prepared themselves for the possibility, if not the probability, that some will not exactly view them as doing God’s own work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? Because they are using rhesus monkeys in their research. Two weeks ago, they deliberately infected a pregnant mother with the virus in order to observe its effect on the fetus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Posting Data in Real Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Connor and Friedrich hope to answer important unknowns about the virus, including how long it's present after infection, where in the body besides the blood it exists, and what the likelihood is that an infected mother will pass it on to her offspring. They are also deviating from the ordinary method for disseminating research — publishing in a peer-reviewed journal — by \u003ca href=\"https://zika.labkey.com/project/OConnor/ZIKV-003/begin.view\" target=\"_blank\">posting their data\u003c/a> for both their colleagues and the public to see as soon as it comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am aware that sharing \u003ca href=\"https://dholk.primate.wisc.edu/_webdav/dho/public/Zika/public/%40files/ultrasounds/827577/Placenta%20disk%202%20d0.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">ultrasound imagery\u003c/a> of developing macaques can elicit stronger emotions than looking at relatively sterile charts and tables. It certainly did for me and our staff who saw the first ultrasound today,\" \u003ca href=\"https://zika.labkey.com/announcements/OConnor/ZIKV-003/thread.view?rowId=32\" target=\"_blank\">O'Connor logged\u003c/a> on the lab's website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to thank those who have viewed our data so far and have chosen not to use it out of context to further arguments against using animals in research.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_133119\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-133119\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-133119\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"This ultrasound shows the rhesus monkey fetus before the mother was injected with Zika two weeks ago. Researchers say ultrasounds show the fetus still appears healthy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound-800x598.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound-400x299.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound-768x574.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound-960x718.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Monkey-ultrasound.jpg 1158w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This ultrasound shows the rhesus monkey fetus before the mother was injected with Zika two weeks ago. Researchers say ultrasounds show the fetus still appears healthy. \u003ccite>(University of Wisconsin, Madison)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last Thursday I asked him what he meant by \"taking data out of context.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The sad reality is that most of the research we conduct on animals never gets into the biomedical literature … That kind of retention of data fails to redeem the suffering and the sacrifice of animals in experiments.’\u003ccite>Biomedical ethicist Jonathan Kimmelman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The idea of making data from nonhuman primates available to the public is basically an invitation to disaster,\" he said, referring to the possibility that those who oppose animal research will use it in a propagandistic way. \"Just like if you were to take patient data out of the hospital and show images of surgeries or ultrasounds ... without the full context of how you ended up in that position. It can be visceral, it can be grotesque.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Connor said that both he and Friedrich have had run-ins over the years with animal welfare activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Madison is a very progressive city,\" he said. \"We have a lot of people here who have very strong viewpoints, including a community of people who are pretty strongly against research on nonhuman primates in most contexts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue of animal welfare has been a \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=animal+rights+university+of+wisconsin\" target=\"_blank\">flashpoint\u003c/a> at the university because of its status as a hub for animal research, and because it operates \u003ca href=\"https://www.primate.wisc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">one \u003c/a>of seven \u003ca href=\"http://nprcresearch.org/primate/contact.php\" target=\"_blank\">national primate research centers\u003c/a>. In 2014, the school was \u003ca href=\"http://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/education/on_campus/on-campus-uw-madison-fined-for-violations-of-animals-in/article_e6a3b4f5-31eb-5049-a105-4a97bc17ee4a.html\" target=\"_blank\">fined $35,000\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for violations of the federal Animal Research Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two scientists' experiences researching AIDS/HIV have colored their opinions about using animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'While we support effective and humane research in the search for vaccines and treatments for Zika virus, we have serious concerns regarding the use of monkeys and other animals for this purpose.'\u003ccite>Katy Taylor, Cruelty Free International\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"I like to remind people that, even though you don't hear about it as much today, there’s still about 6,000 people who get HIV every day around the world,\" O'Connor says. \"In the entire history of my lab and Tom’s lab and probably every other lab at this university ... we’re not going to use 6,000 monkeys in our entire scientific careers. So the idea that a small number of animals could have a profound effect on the health of a lot of people with HIV is something we came to terms with a long time ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he said, injecting a pregnant monkey with the Zika virus was \"profound.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As parents ourselves we are sensitive to the implications of studying mothers during pregnancy,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedrich said his first experiment as a Ph.D. student involved injecting monkeys with the simian immune deficiency virus, a retrovirus similar to HIV. \"I went back with the veterinarians to assist with the process. I wanted to take ownership of it and see what it was going to mean for those animals, and it was a hard thing to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Animal Welfare Group Opposed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Cruelty Free International, a London-based, anti-animal experimentation organization with roots going back to 1898, \u003ca href=\"https://www.crueltyfreeinternational.org/blog/pregnant-monkeys-be-infected-zika-virus-cruel-research\" target=\"_blank\">came out against\u003c/a> the experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'While we support effective and humane research in the search for vaccines and treatments for Zika virus, we have serious concerns regarding the use of monkeys and other animals for this purpose.'\u003ccite>Katy Taylor, Cruelty Free International\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“While we support effective and humane research in the search for vaccines and treatments for Zika virus, we have serious concerns regarding the use of monkeys and other animals for this purpose,\" said Katy Taylor, the organization's director of science. \"The poor relevance of using monkeys to study human disease and the greater relevance of human-based approaches, means that it is scientifically and morally indefensible to deliberately infect monkeys with Zika virus and/or to test therapies and vaccines on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedrich said using animals is the best way to get the most relevant data quickly, and that human trials would cause significant delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will take a long time to enroll the number of people that would be required ... to conclude that it was statistically sound data that allows us to draw conclusions applicable to most infected people,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says taking the necessary samples from a monkey wouldn't be feasible or ethical in humans. \"We might sample amniotic fluid from the infected [monkey] on a frequent basis and ask whether the virus gets into the amniotic fluid, and that’s just not something you can do in pregnant humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Kimmelman, an associate professor in the biomedical ethics unit of McGill University, says it's \"silly\" to dismiss research results gleaned from animals as irrelevant to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some animal experiments that are reasonably predictive of scenarios that will play out in human beings and some [that] aren’t.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedrich points to trials in monkeys that found pre-exposure prophylaxis drugs (PrEP) are effective in preventing infection in people who are later exposed to HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This result paved the way for clinical trials of PrEP in humans that were also extremely effective,\" he said in an email. The result: \u003ca href=\"http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/61/10/1604.full\" target=\"_blank\">Truvada\u003c/a>, approved by the FDA in 2012 as the first drug to prevent people from acquiring HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Backlash -- Yet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of last week, the lab had yet to experience a significant backlash for their experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, O'Connor said, \"I’m under no illusion that's going to continue indefinitely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, at least one online criticism has emerged, on a website called \"\u003ca href=\"http://primateresearch.blogspot.com/2016/03/dave-oconnor-sad-and-heartbroken.html\" target=\"_blank\">Primate Freedom\u003c/a>,\" which attacks O'Connor for \"using and killing monkeys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His career rests squarely on their corpses,\" the post says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimmelman, the bioethicist, says the researchers' public dissemination of their data is a strong mitigating factor in justifying these experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sad reality is that most of the research we conduct on animals never gets into the biomedical literature. The results are almost completely inaccessible,\" he says. \"That kind of retention of data fails to redeem the suffering and the sacrifice of animals in experiments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real-time data-sharing aspect of their research has so far been a big success, says Friedrich, with other scientists using their posted data and replicating the results, or collaborating on certain tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We aren’t the only ones who have good ideas,\" he says. \"The more people who are thinking about this, especially in the context of an emergent public health crisis, the better.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/132435/after-infecting-pregnant-monkey-with-zika-scientists-wait-for-backlash","authors":["80"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062"],"tags":["futureofyou_827","futureofyou_826","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_825","futureofyou_753"],"featImg":"futureofyou_133082","label":"futureofyou_54"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. 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