Lindsey Hoshaw is a former interactive producer for KQED Science. Before joining KQED, Lindsey was a science correspondent for The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Forbes and Scientific American. On Twitter @lindseyhoshaw
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10 a.m. on January 9, 2025\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12020872/la-fires-eaton-fire-palisades-pasadena-wildfire-resources-air-quality\"> a deadly wildfire\u003c/a> breaks out in California, causing people to lose their homes, security or even their lives, it can be a truly distressing and confusing time for those of us who live here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> team asked KQED audiences their most pressing questions about wildfires. Read on for the full answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘What does it mean when a fire is \u003cem>contained\u003c/em> or \u003cem>controlled\u003c/em>?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Once a fire starts, the goal is suppression, and the first step is containment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire updates often include a “% contained” figure, and it can take days for fire crews to get even 10% containment on certain fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does containment mean, and why is it so hard to achieve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Containment means that there’s some type of barrier between the area that has been burned, which we call ‘the black’ and an area that has not been burned, which we refer to as ‘the green,'” Cal Fire public information officer Jaime Williams says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “% contained” indicates how much of the fire’s perimeter is surrounded by a barrier. So, for a fire whose perimeter is 10 miles around, if firefighters create a 5-mile-long dirt area around the fire, the fire is 50% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two types of barriers: natural and artificial. A stream or lake can act as a natural barrier, and an artificial barrier is often a dirt path dug around the fire. Firefighters will use a bulldozer to create what is called a “dozer line” or manually carve out a path using picks and shovels, which is called a “hand line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They basically scrape the top layer of the grass off to leave bare mineral soil,” Williams says. “That way, the fire stops because there’s nothing to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or firefighters will employ a “hose lay,” where they’ll carry a synthetic hose around the fire, periodically spraying the area inside “the black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean fires can’t spread beyond a containment line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916742\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters use picks to create a barrier between unburned vegetation and the fire in a technique called a ‘hand line.’ \u003cem>(Deleware.gov)\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Winds can carry embers beyond containment lines, which spark new fires nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then a fire can go from 50% contained to 20% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a fire is contained, there’s still a lot of work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A contained fire can still be flaming inside the perimeter and firefighters must burn out untouched vegetation inside the barrier and cool down hot spots that could flare up. After the hot spots and unburned vegetation are treated and the barrier is expected to hold, a fire is considered “controlled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EzcA3KvEsY\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘How do wildfires get their names?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first fire crew on the scene typically names the fire. Usually, they’re inspired by a nearby landmark like a road, mountain, lake or town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tubbs Fire, which \u003c/a>destroyed parts of Santa Rosa in 2017, started near Tubbs Lane, just north of Calistoga. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Atlas Fire\u003c/a> in Napa was named for Atlas Peak, a nearby mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the naming process isn’t always that simple — especially with the sheer number of fires in play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/08/26/434821450/how-do-wildfires-get-their-names-the-national-park-service-explains\">firefighters in Idaho faced their 57th fire of the season\u003c/a> and couldn’t come up with a creative name for the fire. So, they named it \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Not Creative Fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire names also often include the word “complex,” like the CZU Lightning Complex fires that burned in San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties in 2020. That means there are two or more individual fires located in the same general area, and it has been assigned to a unified command.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘How can I prepare for a wildfire?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wildfires may now feel grimly inevitable in Northern California. But there is still a great deal you can do personally to prepare yourself, your family and your home for wildfire and its wide-reaching effects. Find our most-read guides to wildfire preparedness below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1965575/and-now-fire-season-heres-how-to-prepare\">How to Prepare Your Home For Wildfire\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if your home isn’t in the direct path of flames, wildfire can still reach you through flying embers. Find out how to do a self-assessment of the trees, brush and other vegetation on and around your property, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1965575/and-now-fire-season-heres-how-to-prepare\">learn the steps to protect your home\u003c/a> from wildfire by creating defensible space and “hardening” your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">What to Pack in Your Emergency Bag to Prepare For a Wildfire\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire moves incredibly fast, and if you live in an at-risk zone, you and your family may have to leave your home immediately. Read \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">our guide to what should be in your emergency bag\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619961\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11619961 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Inmate firefighters clear brush from a roadside in the Berkeley Hills in September. Fire officials say fuel reduction projects like this are critical to preventing major wildfires, but funding for fuel reduction on federal land has been squeezed to pay for increasing firefighting costs.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-960x636.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-375x248.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inmate firefighters clear brush from a roadside in the Berkeley Hills in September 2017. Fire officials say fuel reduction projects like this are critical to preventing major wildfires, but funding for fuel reduction on federal land has been squeezed to pay for increasing firefighting costs. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834901/fire-evacuation-what-actually-happens-and-how-can-you-plan\">Fire Evacuation: What Actually Happens? And How Can You Plan?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having to evacuate your home due to the threat of wildfire is a scary prospect — especially if you’ve never had to do it before. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834901/fire-evacuation-what-actually-happens-and-how-can-you-plan\">Read our guide to safely and swiftly leaving your home\u003c/a>, from when you should leave to what you should bring (and what you should wear).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840047/during-a-disaster-your-phone-might-stop-working-how-can-you-communicate\">During a Wildfire, Your Phone Might Stop Working. How Can You Communicate?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a disaster situation, communication between you and those you care about is key. But what if the one device you rely on to communicate — your phone — isn’t working because of downed cell towers? Read these \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840047/during-a-disaster-your-phone-might-stop-working-how-can-you-communicate\">steps you can take to maintain contact with others\u003c/a> and keep loved ones up-to-date on your safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">When Air Quality’s Bad, Which Mask Should I Wear for Wildfire Smoke?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians have become familiar with masks in recent years. And in a nutshell, that collection of N95 or KN95 masks you may still have in your home for COVID is the best choice for protecting yourself from wildfire smoke. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">Read more about how these masks work\u003c/a>, and which ones just aren’t effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">Why Wildfire Smoke is So Dangerous to Your Health\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even brief exposure to wildfire smoke can cause potentially serious health problems for everyone. And the most dangerous thing for your health in this smoke is the fine particulate matter: that is, the tiny pieces of soot and ash that are invisible to the naked eye. Read more about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">why protecting yourself against wildfire smoke is so crucial\u003c/a>, and how to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story was originally published in Oct. 2017.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10 a.m. on January 9, 2025\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12020872/la-fires-eaton-fire-palisades-pasadena-wildfire-resources-air-quality\"> a deadly wildfire\u003c/a> breaks out in California, causing people to lose their homes, security or even their lives, it can be a truly distressing and confusing time for those of us who live here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> team asked KQED audiences their most pressing questions about wildfires. Read on for the full answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘What does it mean when a fire is \u003cem>contained\u003c/em> or \u003cem>controlled\u003c/em>?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Once a fire starts, the goal is suppression, and the first step is containment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire updates often include a “% contained” figure, and it can take days for fire crews to get even 10% containment on certain fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does containment mean, and why is it so hard to achieve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Containment means that there’s some type of barrier between the area that has been burned, which we call ‘the black’ and an area that has not been burned, which we refer to as ‘the green,'” Cal Fire public information officer Jaime Williams says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “% contained” indicates how much of the fire’s perimeter is surrounded by a barrier. So, for a fire whose perimeter is 10 miles around, if firefighters create a 5-mile-long dirt area around the fire, the fire is 50% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two types of barriers: natural and artificial. A stream or lake can act as a natural barrier, and an artificial barrier is often a dirt path dug around the fire. Firefighters will use a bulldozer to create what is called a “dozer line” or manually carve out a path using picks and shovels, which is called a “hand line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They basically scrape the top layer of the grass off to leave bare mineral soil,” Williams says. “That way, the fire stops because there’s nothing to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or firefighters will employ a “hose lay,” where they’ll carry a synthetic hose around the fire, periodically spraying the area inside “the black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean fires can’t spread beyond a containment line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916742\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters use picks to create a barrier between unburned vegetation and the fire in a technique called a ‘hand line.’ \u003cem>(Deleware.gov)\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Winds can carry embers beyond containment lines, which spark new fires nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then a fire can go from 50% contained to 20% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a fire is contained, there’s still a lot of work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A contained fire can still be flaming inside the perimeter and firefighters must burn out untouched vegetation inside the barrier and cool down hot spots that could flare up. After the hot spots and unburned vegetation are treated and the barrier is expected to hold, a fire is considered “controlled.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9EzcA3KvEsY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9EzcA3KvEsY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch2>‘How do wildfires get their names?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first fire crew on the scene typically names the fire. Usually, they’re inspired by a nearby landmark like a road, mountain, lake or town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tubbs Fire, which \u003c/a>destroyed parts of Santa Rosa in 2017, started near Tubbs Lane, just north of Calistoga. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Atlas Fire\u003c/a> in Napa was named for Atlas Peak, a nearby mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the naming process isn’t always that simple — especially with the sheer number of fires in play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/08/26/434821450/how-do-wildfires-get-their-names-the-national-park-service-explains\">firefighters in Idaho faced their 57th fire of the season\u003c/a> and couldn’t come up with a creative name for the fire. So, they named it \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Not Creative Fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire names also often include the word “complex,” like the CZU Lightning Complex fires that burned in San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties in 2020. That means there are two or more individual fires located in the same general area, and it has been assigned to a unified command.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘How can I prepare for a wildfire?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wildfires may now feel grimly inevitable in Northern California. But there is still a great deal you can do personally to prepare yourself, your family and your home for wildfire and its wide-reaching effects. Find our most-read guides to wildfire preparedness below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1965575/and-now-fire-season-heres-how-to-prepare\">How to Prepare Your Home For Wildfire\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if your home isn’t in the direct path of flames, wildfire can still reach you through flying embers. Find out how to do a self-assessment of the trees, brush and other vegetation on and around your property, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1965575/and-now-fire-season-heres-how-to-prepare\">learn the steps to protect your home\u003c/a> from wildfire by creating defensible space and “hardening” your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">What to Pack in Your Emergency Bag to Prepare For a Wildfire\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire moves incredibly fast, and if you live in an at-risk zone, you and your family may have to leave your home immediately. Read \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">our guide to what should be in your emergency bag\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619961\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11619961 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Inmate firefighters clear brush from a roadside in the Berkeley Hills in September. Fire officials say fuel reduction projects like this are critical to preventing major wildfires, but funding for fuel reduction on federal land has been squeezed to pay for increasing firefighting costs.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-960x636.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-375x248.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inmate firefighters clear brush from a roadside in the Berkeley Hills in September 2017. Fire officials say fuel reduction projects like this are critical to preventing major wildfires, but funding for fuel reduction on federal land has been squeezed to pay for increasing firefighting costs. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834901/fire-evacuation-what-actually-happens-and-how-can-you-plan\">Fire Evacuation: What Actually Happens? And How Can You Plan?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having to evacuate your home due to the threat of wildfire is a scary prospect — especially if you’ve never had to do it before. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834901/fire-evacuation-what-actually-happens-and-how-can-you-plan\">Read our guide to safely and swiftly leaving your home\u003c/a>, from when you should leave to what you should bring (and what you should wear).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840047/during-a-disaster-your-phone-might-stop-working-how-can-you-communicate\">During a Wildfire, Your Phone Might Stop Working. How Can You Communicate?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a disaster situation, communication between you and those you care about is key. But what if the one device you rely on to communicate — your phone — isn’t working because of downed cell towers? Read these \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840047/during-a-disaster-your-phone-might-stop-working-how-can-you-communicate\">steps you can take to maintain contact with others\u003c/a> and keep loved ones up-to-date on your safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">When Air Quality’s Bad, Which Mask Should I Wear for Wildfire Smoke?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians have become familiar with masks in recent years. And in a nutshell, that collection of N95 or KN95 masks you may still have in your home for COVID is the best choice for protecting yourself from wildfire smoke. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">Read more about how these masks work\u003c/a>, and which ones just aren’t effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">Why Wildfire Smoke is So Dangerous to Your Health\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even brief exposure to wildfire smoke can cause potentially serious health problems for everyone. And the most dangerous thing for your health in this smoke is the fine particulate matter: that is, the tiny pieces of soot and ash that are invisible to the naked eye. Read more about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">why protecting yourself against wildfire smoke is so crucial\u003c/a>, and how to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story was originally published in Oct. 2017.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "¿Qué significa ‘contener’ un incendio forestal? Y más respuestas a sus preguntas",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11624317/wildfires-youve-got-questions-weve-got-answers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read in English\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando un incendio forestal mortal se desata en California, haciendo que la gente pierda sus casas y su seguridad e incluso sus vidas, puede ser un momento realmente angustioso y confuso para los que vivimos aquí.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El equipo del podcast \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> (sólo en inglés) pidió a la audiencia de KQED que presentaran sus preguntas más urgentes sobre los incendios forestales. Siga leyendo para ver las respuestas completas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>¿Qué significa que un incendio está contenido o controlado?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Una vez que se inicia un incendio, el objetivo es la supresión, y el primer paso es la contención.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Las actualizaciones de los incendios suelen incluir una cifra del “porcentaje de contención”, y los equipos de bomberos pueden tardar días en conseguir incluso un 10% de contención en algunos incendios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entonces, ¿qué significa contención y por qué es tan difícil de conseguir?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La contención significa que hay algún tipo de barrera entre el área que se ha quemado, a la que llamamos “el negro” y el área que no se ha quemado, a la que nos referimos como “el verde”, dice el oficial de información pública de Cal Fire, Jaime Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El “porcentaje de contención” indica qué parte del perímetro del incendio está rodeada por una barrera. Así, para un incendio cuyo perímetro es de 10 millas, si los bomberos crean un área de tierra de 5 millas alrededor del incendio, el fuego está contenido en un 50%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hay dos tipos de barreras: artificiales y naturales. Un arroyo o un lago pueden actuar como barrera natural, y una barrera artificial suele ser un camino de tierra excavado alrededor del incendio. Los bomberos utilizarán una excavadora para crear lo que se denomina una “línea de excavación”, o forjarán manualmente un camino utilizando picos y palas, lo que se denomina una “línea manual”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Básicamente raspan la capa superior del césped para dejar el suelo mineral expuesto”,, dice Williams. “Así el fuego se detiene porque no hay nada que quemar”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O los bomberos emplearán un “tendido de manguera”, en el que llevarán una manguera sintética alrededor del incendio, rociando periódicamente la zona dentro de “lo negro”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero eso no significa que los incendios no puedan extenderse más allá de la línea de contención.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11881707\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11881707 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER.jpg\" alt=\"Un grupo de bomberos trabaja en el bosque.\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER.jpg 2404w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER-800x470.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER-1020x599.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER-1536x902.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER-2048x1203.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER-1920x1128.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2404px) 100vw, 2404px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los bomberos utilizan picos para crear una barrera entre la vegetación no quemada y el fuego en una técnica llamada “línea de mano”. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Deleware.gov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Los vientos pueden llevar las brasas más allá de las líneas de contención y provocar nuevos incendios en las cercanías.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Y entonces un incendio puede pasar de estar contenido en un 50%, a estarlo en un 20%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incluso después de contener un incendio, aún queda mucho trabajo por hacer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un incendio contenido puede seguir ardiendo en el interior del perímetro y los bomberos deben quemar la vegetación intacta en el interior de la barrera y enfriar los puntos calientes que podrían rebrotar. Una vez que los puntos calientes y la vegetación no quemada hayan sido tratados y cuando se espera que la barrera aguante, el incendio se considera “controlado”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/9EzcA3KvEsY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>¿Cómo son nombrados los incendios forestales?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>El primer equipo de bomberos que llega al lugar de los hechos suele poner un nombre al incendio. Por lo general, se inspiran en un punto de referencia cercano, como una carretera, una montaña, un lago o una ciudad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\">incendio ‘Tubbs’\u003c/a> que destruyó partes de Santa Rosa en 2017 comenzó cerca de la vía Tubbs Lane, justo al norte de Calistoga. El \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\">incendio ‘Atlas’\u003c/a> en Napa en el 2020 recibió su nombre por Atlas Peak, una montaña cercana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero el proceso de asignar un nombre no siempre es tan sencillo, especialmente con el gran número de incendios en juego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En el 2015, un grupo de bomberos del estado de Idaho se enfrentaban a su incendio número 57 de la temporada, y no se les ocurrió un nombre creativo para el fuego. Así que lo bautizaron como el incendio ‘No Creativo’ (o en inglés, \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4523\">“Not Creative Fire”\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los nombres de los incendios también suelen incluir la palabra “complejo”, como los incendios del Complejo Relámpago CZU que ardieron en los condados de San Mateo y Santa Cruz en 2020. Eso significa que hay dos o más incendios individuales ubicados en la misma área general, y se ha asignado a un comando unificado.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>¿Cómo puedo prepararme para un incendio forestal?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Puede que los incendios forestales parecen ser inevitables en el norte de California. Pero aún hay mucho que usted puede hacer personalmente para prepararse, preparar a su familia y su hogar para los incendios forestales y sus efectos de gran alcance. A continuación, encontrará nuestras guías más leídas sobre la preparación para los incendios forestales:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cómo preparar su casa para un incendio forestal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incluso si su casa no está en la trayectoria directa de las llamas, el fuego incontrolado puede llegar hasta usted a través de las brasas. Averigüe cómo hacer una autoevaluación de los árboles, la maleza y otra vegetación en y alrededor de su propiedad, y aprenda los pasos para proteger su casa de los incendios forestales mediante la creación de un espacio defendible y el “endurecimiento” de su casa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Qué llevar en su bolsa de emergencia – Con COVID-19 en mente\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El fuego se mueve increíblemente rápido, y si usted vive en una zona de riesgo, usted y su familia pueden tener que salir de su casa inmediatamente. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834103/que-debo-traer-en-mi-mochila-de-emergencia-para-los-incendios-durante-covid-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lea nuestra guía sobre lo que debe llevar en su bolsa de emergencia durante la pandemia.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11881709\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11881709 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/FIREFIGHTERS-CUTTING-SHRUBS.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/FIREFIGHTERS-CUTTING-SHRUBS.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/FIREFIGHTERS-CUTTING-SHRUBS-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los bomberos internos limpian la maleza de un camino en las colinas de Berkeley en septiembre de 2017. Los funcionarios de bomberos dicen que los proyectos de reducción de combustible como este son fundamentales para prevenir grandes incendios forestales, pero los fondos para la reducción de combustible en tierras federales se han reducido para pagar los crecientes costos de la lucha contra el fuego. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evacuación de incendios: ¿Qué ocurre realmente? ¿Y cómo se puede planificar?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tener que evacuar su casa debido a la amenaza de un incendio forestal es una perspectiva aterradora, especialmente si nunca ha tenido que hacerlo antes. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834901/fire-evacuation-what-actually-happens-and-how-can-you-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lea nuestra guía para abandonar su casa de forma segura y rápida\u003c/a> (sólo en inglés), la cual incluye cuándo debe salir de su hogar y qué debe llevar (y qué ropa debe llevar).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Durante un incendio forestal, su teléfono podría dejar de funcionar. ¿Cómo puede comunicarse?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En una situación de desastre, la comunicación entre usted y sus seres queridos es fundamental. Pero ¿qué pasa si el único dispositivo del que depende para comunicarse, su teléfono, no funciona debido a la caída de las torres de telefonía móvil? \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840047/during-a-disaster-your-phone-might-stop-working-how-can-you-communicate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lea estas medidas que puede tomar para mantener el contacto con los demás\u003c/a> (sólo en inglés), y para mantener a sus seres queridos al tanto de su seguridad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo ha sido actualizado.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo fue traducido por la periodista, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/soytapatia\">María Peña\u003c/a> y editado por el periodista, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ccabreralomeli\">Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11624317/wildfires-youve-got-questions-weve-got-answers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read in English\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando un incendio forestal mortal se desata en California, haciendo que la gente pierda sus casas y su seguridad e incluso sus vidas, puede ser un momento realmente angustioso y confuso para los que vivimos aquí.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El equipo del podcast \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> (sólo en inglés) pidió a la audiencia de KQED que presentaran sus preguntas más urgentes sobre los incendios forestales. Siga leyendo para ver las respuestas completas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>¿Qué significa que un incendio está contenido o controlado?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Una vez que se inicia un incendio, el objetivo es la supresión, y el primer paso es la contención.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Las actualizaciones de los incendios suelen incluir una cifra del “porcentaje de contención”, y los equipos de bomberos pueden tardar días en conseguir incluso un 10% de contención en algunos incendios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entonces, ¿qué significa contención y por qué es tan difícil de conseguir?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La contención significa que hay algún tipo de barrera entre el área que se ha quemado, a la que llamamos “el negro” y el área que no se ha quemado, a la que nos referimos como “el verde”, dice el oficial de información pública de Cal Fire, Jaime Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El “porcentaje de contención” indica qué parte del perímetro del incendio está rodeada por una barrera. Así, para un incendio cuyo perímetro es de 10 millas, si los bomberos crean un área de tierra de 5 millas alrededor del incendio, el fuego está contenido en un 50%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hay dos tipos de barreras: artificiales y naturales. Un arroyo o un lago pueden actuar como barrera natural, y una barrera artificial suele ser un camino de tierra excavado alrededor del incendio. Los bomberos utilizarán una excavadora para crear lo que se denomina una “línea de excavación”, o forjarán manualmente un camino utilizando picos y palas, lo que se denomina una “línea manual”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Básicamente raspan la capa superior del césped para dejar el suelo mineral expuesto”,, dice Williams. “Así el fuego se detiene porque no hay nada que quemar”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O los bomberos emplearán un “tendido de manguera”, en el que llevarán una manguera sintética alrededor del incendio, rociando periódicamente la zona dentro de “lo negro”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero eso no significa que los incendios no puedan extenderse más allá de la línea de contención.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11881707\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11881707 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER.jpg\" alt=\"Un grupo de bomberos trabaja en el bosque.\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER.jpg 2404w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER-800x470.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER-1020x599.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER-1536x902.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER-2048x1203.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/PICTURE-FIREFIGHTERS-WITH-PICKS-CREATING-BARRIER-1920x1128.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2404px) 100vw, 2404px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los bomberos utilizan picos para crear una barrera entre la vegetación no quemada y el fuego en una técnica llamada “línea de mano”. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Deleware.gov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Los vientos pueden llevar las brasas más allá de las líneas de contención y provocar nuevos incendios en las cercanías.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Y entonces un incendio puede pasar de estar contenido en un 50%, a estarlo en un 20%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incluso después de contener un incendio, aún queda mucho trabajo por hacer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un incendio contenido puede seguir ardiendo en el interior del perímetro y los bomberos deben quemar la vegetación intacta en el interior de la barrera y enfriar los puntos calientes que podrían rebrotar. Una vez que los puntos calientes y la vegetación no quemada hayan sido tratados y cuando se espera que la barrera aguante, el incendio se considera “controlado”.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9EzcA3KvEsY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9EzcA3KvEsY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>¿Cómo son nombrados los incendios forestales?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>El primer equipo de bomberos que llega al lugar de los hechos suele poner un nombre al incendio. Por lo general, se inspiran en un punto de referencia cercano, como una carretera, una montaña, un lago o una ciudad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\">incendio ‘Tubbs’\u003c/a> que destruyó partes de Santa Rosa en 2017 comenzó cerca de la vía Tubbs Lane, justo al norte de Calistoga. El \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\">incendio ‘Atlas’\u003c/a> en Napa en el 2020 recibió su nombre por Atlas Peak, una montaña cercana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero el proceso de asignar un nombre no siempre es tan sencillo, especialmente con el gran número de incendios en juego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En el 2015, un grupo de bomberos del estado de Idaho se enfrentaban a su incendio número 57 de la temporada, y no se les ocurrió un nombre creativo para el fuego. Así que lo bautizaron como el incendio ‘No Creativo’ (o en inglés, \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4523\">“Not Creative Fire”\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los nombres de los incendios también suelen incluir la palabra “complejo”, como los incendios del Complejo Relámpago CZU que ardieron en los condados de San Mateo y Santa Cruz en 2020. Eso significa que hay dos o más incendios individuales ubicados en la misma área general, y se ha asignado a un comando unificado.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>¿Cómo puedo prepararme para un incendio forestal?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Puede que los incendios forestales parecen ser inevitables en el norte de California. Pero aún hay mucho que usted puede hacer personalmente para prepararse, preparar a su familia y su hogar para los incendios forestales y sus efectos de gran alcance. A continuación, encontrará nuestras guías más leídas sobre la preparación para los incendios forestales:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cómo preparar su casa para un incendio forestal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incluso si su casa no está en la trayectoria directa de las llamas, el fuego incontrolado puede llegar hasta usted a través de las brasas. Averigüe cómo hacer una autoevaluación de los árboles, la maleza y otra vegetación en y alrededor de su propiedad, y aprenda los pasos para proteger su casa de los incendios forestales mediante la creación de un espacio defendible y el “endurecimiento” de su casa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Qué llevar en su bolsa de emergencia – Con COVID-19 en mente\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El fuego se mueve increíblemente rápido, y si usted vive en una zona de riesgo, usted y su familia pueden tener que salir de su casa inmediatamente. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834103/que-debo-traer-en-mi-mochila-de-emergencia-para-los-incendios-durante-covid-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lea nuestra guía sobre lo que debe llevar en su bolsa de emergencia durante la pandemia.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11881709\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11881709 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/FIREFIGHTERS-CUTTING-SHRUBS.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/FIREFIGHTERS-CUTTING-SHRUBS.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/FIREFIGHTERS-CUTTING-SHRUBS-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los bomberos internos limpian la maleza de un camino en las colinas de Berkeley en septiembre de 2017. Los funcionarios de bomberos dicen que los proyectos de reducción de combustible como este son fundamentales para prevenir grandes incendios forestales, pero los fondos para la reducción de combustible en tierras federales se han reducido para pagar los crecientes costos de la lucha contra el fuego. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evacuación de incendios: ¿Qué ocurre realmente? ¿Y cómo se puede planificar?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tener que evacuar su casa debido a la amenaza de un incendio forestal es una perspectiva aterradora, especialmente si nunca ha tenido que hacerlo antes. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834901/fire-evacuation-what-actually-happens-and-how-can-you-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lea nuestra guía para abandonar su casa de forma segura y rápida\u003c/a> (sólo en inglés), la cual incluye cuándo debe salir de su hogar y qué debe llevar (y qué ropa debe llevar).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Durante un incendio forestal, su teléfono podría dejar de funcionar. ¿Cómo puede comunicarse?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En una situación de desastre, la comunicación entre usted y sus seres queridos es fundamental. Pero ¿qué pasa si el único dispositivo del que depende para comunicarse, su teléfono, no funciona debido a la caída de las torres de telefonía móvil? \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840047/during-a-disaster-your-phone-might-stop-working-how-can-you-communicate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lea estas medidas que puede tomar para mantener el contacto con los demás\u003c/a> (sólo en inglés), y para mantener a sus seres queridos al tanto de su seguridad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo ha sido actualizado.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo fue traducido por la periodista, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/soytapatia\">María Peña\u003c/a> y editado por el periodista, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ccabreralomeli\">Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Can Song-Loving Robots Help Save Whales From Ships?",
"headTitle": "Can Song-Loving Robots Help Save Whales From Ships? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>lue whales, grays and humpbacks are traveling south along the California coast this month to their annual breeding grounds in warm Mexican waters. They feed in the same spots where cargo ships travel to some of the world’s busiest ports — and one strike could be deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have tried for four years to reduce the number of whales killed by ships, but so far it hasn’t worked. Every year, several dozen whales are killed by ship strikes along the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past 14 months, two dead blue whales have washed up on Northern California beaches. A \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/10/28/blunt-trauma-found-in-rare-blue-whale-beaching/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">65-foot long blue whale\u003c/a> washed up in Daly City October 2016 and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/05/27/blue-whale-washes-up-dead-along-northern-california-beach/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">79-foot long blue whale\u003c/a> came ashore May 2017 in Bolinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the Bolinas beach, onlookers gathered three weeks after the animal washed ashore, where the stench was putrid. Flies buzzed around the carcass, and the decaying blubber reeked like roadkill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like that but extreme, more pungent — and it actually — you almost taste it at the same time,” says Barbie Halaska, a biologist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/?referrer=https://www.google.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>, an animal rescue group in Sausalito. And she’s right, it was akin to sweaty gym shorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src= https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/12/WhaleStrikesHowshawWeb.mp3 program=\"KQED Science\" title=\"Can Song-Loving Robots Help Save Whales From Ships?\" image=\" https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/11/Cascadia_Research_whale_ship.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the ship strike is obvious from the whale’s 10 broken ribs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whale ribs are tough, but to be able to break in two to three places for each rib, it—she had to be hit very hard,” Halaska says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most years, between one and three whales wash up on California beaches after being struck by a ship. But those are only the ones we see. A \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/related?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0183052\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent paper\u003c/a> in the scientific journal \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PLOS One\u003c/a>, estimates that ships kill roughly 80 whales each year along the U.S. west coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That study looked at blue and fin whales, which are both endangered. It also included humpback whales, which have distinct populations off the west coast, some of which are threatened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three species dive to great depths off the California coast—sometimes hundreds of feet—searching for food. The bristly baleen in their mouths acts like an enormous fine-toothed comb, filtering organisms from the cold, nutrient-rich California water. Protein-packed organisms like zooplankton and krill are mainstays of this aquatic buffet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918099\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3107px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback-.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1918099 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3107\" height=\"2405\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback-.jpg 3107w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--800x619.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--768x594.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--1020x790.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--1920x1486.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--1180x913.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--960x743.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--240x186.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--375x290.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--520x403.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3107px) 100vw, 3107px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A humpback whale spotted inside San Francisco Bay on May 15, 2016. \u003ccite>(Bill Keener/Golden Gate Cetacean Research)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The problem, according to \u003ca href=\"https://channelislands.noaa.gov/contact/hastings.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sean Hastings\u003c/a> with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>, or NOAA, is that this buffet sits in the middle of a freeway—a cargo ship super-highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whales are busy eating,” he says, “the ships are busy moving to the ports, and unfortunately they collide in the same place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland is the fifth busiest container port in the U.S. Roughly 1,500 ships motor into the port each year. \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/john-berge-17846730/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Berge\u003c/a>, Vice President of the industry trade group, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmsaship.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Merchant Shipping Association\u003c/a>, says ships have limited ability to maneuver in the narrow shipping lanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s terrible,” says Berge. “Some of the larger ships probably don’t know that they’ve actually struck a whale until, eventually, there is evidence that the whale is draped across the bow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says captains in the control room might be ten stories up off the water, and set back hundreds of feet from the bow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, NOAA and the Coast Guard narrowed the shipping lanes outside San Francisco and the Santa Barbara Channel, to reduce the overlap between whale feeding grounds and ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA also developed a free app called ‘\u003ca href=\"http://www.whalealert.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Whale Alert\u003c/a>,’ with real-time notifications of whale sightings, to encourage captains to slow down when the animals are nearby. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bren.ucsb.edu/research/2016Group_Projects/documents/WS_final_cover_appendix.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016 report\u003c/a> from UC Santa Barbara, reducing speed from roughly 23 to 14 miles an hour would cut in half the chance that a whale would die when struck by a ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hastings says it’s difficult to know if these management measures are working. Ships do seem to be staying within the new shipping lanes but they aren’t necessarily slowing down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been trying non-incentivized approaches just asking ships to slow down,” says Hastings. “That hasn’t been working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of whales killed by ships now is about the same as before these efforts. On the East Coast, captains must slow down during whale season. That and other measures have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/program_review/2015%20%20Review/BACKGROUND/B2A11%20vessel%20strikes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cut the number of documented deaths\u003c/a> from ship strikes for the extremely endangered North Atlantic right whale—from 2 to 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916194\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1050px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916194\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1050\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale.jpg 1050w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1050px) 100vw, 1050px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A fin whale splayed over a ship’s bow in Long Beach on October 20, 2008. \u003ccite>(Alisa Janiger taken under MMSHRP Permit )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Population numbers for the animal are so low that they hover around 450. They could go extinct within the next 20 to 30 years, given the rate at which they’re dying, which is what scientists are trying to prevent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re doing amazing things already in this space but it’s also not enough,” says \u003ca href=\"https://labs.eemb.ucsb.edu/mccauley/doug/McCauleyCV_full%20April%202017_webversion.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Doug McCauley\u003c/a>, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsb.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Santa Barbara\u003c/a> ecologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He directs the \u003ca href=\"https://boi.ucsb.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Benioff Ocean Initiative\u003c/a>, a $10 million fund started by \u003ca href=\"https://www.salesforce.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Salesforce\u003c/a> CEO Marc Benioff and his wife Lynne. The initiative’s first big project seeks to reduce fatal whale ship strikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative granted $100,000 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/sbl/liteSite.do?litesiteid=5252\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mark Baumgartner\u003c/a> from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, for his underwater microphones that record whale sounds, which can be used to tell ship captains that whales are nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recorded whale sounds show up on a computer graph as curved lines and dashes. Like sheet music, the symbols represent the “notes” the whale is singing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the y-axis is frequency or pitch,” says Baumgartner, “so I like to say Barry White is down here and Mariah Carey is up here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918101\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 7360px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1918101\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"7360\" height=\"4912\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996.jpg 7360w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 7360px) 100vw, 7360px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution biologist Mark Baumgartner and acoustic analyst Julianne Gurnee review data received from a whale monitoring buoy outside New York Harbor. \u003ccite>(ayne Doucette/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Baumgartner programmed the devices to identify each species of whale by its song, but he didn’t know if it would work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was actually shocked,” he says. “When we did the numbers and came up with nearly 100 percent accuracy, I was kind of dumbfounded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a fleet of these underwater devices were installed off the California coast, they could provide real-time feedback around the clock. That would be more reliable than and less expensive than relying on volunteers in boats or planes looking for whales, or other citizen scientists who infrequently post to the ‘Whale Alert’ app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now the underwater microphones are attached to buoys off Martha’s Vineyard and the New York Bight, a coastal indentation between New Jersey and New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baumgartner also developed custom sensors for two types of underwater robots—the Slocum glider and \u003ca href=\"https://www.liquid-robotics.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wave Glider\u003c/a> that actively search for whales off the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://dcs.whoi.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wave gliders\u003c/a> sit at the ocean’s surface and use fins for propulsion to search for whales, while \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/oceanrobots/robots/glider-phone.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slocum gliders\u003c/a> dive underwater moving between the surface and seafloor listening for whale calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916294\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1916294 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Different whales make distinctive sounds. The hydrophones and digital acoustic monitoring instrument detect whale calls and transmit information about them from the seafloor up the cable to the buoy, which sends information to a satellite. \u003ccite>(Eric Taylor/WHOI Graphic Services)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both gliders record whale songs and transmit data via satellite to scientists on land who can send that information to cargo ships or the U.S. Coast Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, McCauley of the Benioff Initiative hopes data from the robots could be incorporated to ships’ automated information system or ‘AIS,’ which is like “air traffic control” for vessels and would appear on ships’ computers. Captains could then use the the real-time whale alert information to slow down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A couple less news stories about blue whales that are washing up on shore is, for me, a grand success,” says McCauley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By next year McCauley wants to bring these devices to the California coast. The first pilot project involves attaching one of Baumgartner’s instruments to an oil rig off Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But whether these instruments work or not, might depend on questions like whether ships can slow down without blowing budgets and deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Saving whales from deadly encounters with ships has — so far — proven to be a problem scientists aren't sure how to handle. But one entrepreneur is trying to protect these enormous creatures by tuning into their songs.",
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"description": "Saving whales from deadly encounters with ships has — so far — proven to be a problem scientists aren't sure how to handle. But one entrepreneur is trying to protect these enormous creatures by tuning into their songs.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>lue whales, grays and humpbacks are traveling south along the California coast this month to their annual breeding grounds in warm Mexican waters. They feed in the same spots where cargo ships travel to some of the world’s busiest ports — and one strike could be deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have tried for four years to reduce the number of whales killed by ships, but so far it hasn’t worked. Every year, several dozen whales are killed by ship strikes along the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past 14 months, two dead blue whales have washed up on Northern California beaches. A \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/10/28/blunt-trauma-found-in-rare-blue-whale-beaching/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">65-foot long blue whale\u003c/a> washed up in Daly City October 2016 and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/05/27/blue-whale-washes-up-dead-along-northern-california-beach/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">79-foot long blue whale\u003c/a> came ashore May 2017 in Bolinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the Bolinas beach, onlookers gathered three weeks after the animal washed ashore, where the stench was putrid. Flies buzzed around the carcass, and the decaying blubber reeked like roadkill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like that but extreme, more pungent — and it actually — you almost taste it at the same time,” says Barbie Halaska, a biologist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/?referrer=https://www.google.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>, an animal rescue group in Sausalito. And she’s right, it was akin to sweaty gym shorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the ship strike is obvious from the whale’s 10 broken ribs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whale ribs are tough, but to be able to break in two to three places for each rib, it—she had to be hit very hard,” Halaska says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most years, between one and three whales wash up on California beaches after being struck by a ship. But those are only the ones we see. A \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/related?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0183052\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent paper\u003c/a> in the scientific journal \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PLOS One\u003c/a>, estimates that ships kill roughly 80 whales each year along the U.S. west coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That study looked at blue and fin whales, which are both endangered. It also included humpback whales, which have distinct populations off the west coast, some of which are threatened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three species dive to great depths off the California coast—sometimes hundreds of feet—searching for food. The bristly baleen in their mouths acts like an enormous fine-toothed comb, filtering organisms from the cold, nutrient-rich California water. Protein-packed organisms like zooplankton and krill are mainstays of this aquatic buffet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918099\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3107px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback-.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1918099 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3107\" height=\"2405\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback-.jpg 3107w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--800x619.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--768x594.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--1020x790.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--1920x1486.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--1180x913.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--960x743.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--240x186.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--375x290.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/Keener-humpback--520x403.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3107px) 100vw, 3107px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A humpback whale spotted inside San Francisco Bay on May 15, 2016. \u003ccite>(Bill Keener/Golden Gate Cetacean Research)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The problem, according to \u003ca href=\"https://channelislands.noaa.gov/contact/hastings.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sean Hastings\u003c/a> with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>, or NOAA, is that this buffet sits in the middle of a freeway—a cargo ship super-highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whales are busy eating,” he says, “the ships are busy moving to the ports, and unfortunately they collide in the same place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland is the fifth busiest container port in the U.S. Roughly 1,500 ships motor into the port each year. \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/john-berge-17846730/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Berge\u003c/a>, Vice President of the industry trade group, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmsaship.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Merchant Shipping Association\u003c/a>, says ships have limited ability to maneuver in the narrow shipping lanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s terrible,” says Berge. “Some of the larger ships probably don’t know that they’ve actually struck a whale until, eventually, there is evidence that the whale is draped across the bow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says captains in the control room might be ten stories up off the water, and set back hundreds of feet from the bow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, NOAA and the Coast Guard narrowed the shipping lanes outside San Francisco and the Santa Barbara Channel, to reduce the overlap between whale feeding grounds and ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA also developed a free app called ‘\u003ca href=\"http://www.whalealert.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Whale Alert\u003c/a>,’ with real-time notifications of whale sightings, to encourage captains to slow down when the animals are nearby. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bren.ucsb.edu/research/2016Group_Projects/documents/WS_final_cover_appendix.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016 report\u003c/a> from UC Santa Barbara, reducing speed from roughly 23 to 14 miles an hour would cut in half the chance that a whale would die when struck by a ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hastings says it’s difficult to know if these management measures are working. Ships do seem to be staying within the new shipping lanes but they aren’t necessarily slowing down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been trying non-incentivized approaches just asking ships to slow down,” says Hastings. “That hasn’t been working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of whales killed by ships now is about the same as before these efforts. On the East Coast, captains must slow down during whale season. That and other measures have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/program_review/2015%20%20Review/BACKGROUND/B2A11%20vessel%20strikes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cut the number of documented deaths\u003c/a> from ship strikes for the extremely endangered North Atlantic right whale—from 2 to 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916194\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1050px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916194\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1050\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale.jpg 1050w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/20081020-LBFinWhale-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1050px) 100vw, 1050px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A fin whale splayed over a ship’s bow in Long Beach on October 20, 2008. \u003ccite>(Alisa Janiger taken under MMSHRP Permit )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Population numbers for the animal are so low that they hover around 450. They could go extinct within the next 20 to 30 years, given the rate at which they’re dying, which is what scientists are trying to prevent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re doing amazing things already in this space but it’s also not enough,” says \u003ca href=\"https://labs.eemb.ucsb.edu/mccauley/doug/McCauleyCV_full%20April%202017_webversion.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Doug McCauley\u003c/a>, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsb.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Santa Barbara\u003c/a> ecologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He directs the \u003ca href=\"https://boi.ucsb.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Benioff Ocean Initiative\u003c/a>, a $10 million fund started by \u003ca href=\"https://www.salesforce.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Salesforce\u003c/a> CEO Marc Benioff and his wife Lynne. The initiative’s first big project seeks to reduce fatal whale ship strikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative granted $100,000 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/sbl/liteSite.do?litesiteid=5252\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mark Baumgartner\u003c/a> from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, for his underwater microphones that record whale sounds, which can be used to tell ship captains that whales are nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recorded whale sounds show up on a computer graph as curved lines and dashes. Like sheet music, the symbols represent the “notes” the whale is singing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the y-axis is frequency or pitch,” says Baumgartner, “so I like to say Barry White is down here and Mariah Carey is up here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918101\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 7360px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1918101\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"7360\" height=\"4912\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996.jpg 7360w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/graphics-Baumgartner-_DSC4996-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 7360px) 100vw, 7360px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution biologist Mark Baumgartner and acoustic analyst Julianne Gurnee review data received from a whale monitoring buoy outside New York Harbor. \u003ccite>(ayne Doucette/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Baumgartner programmed the devices to identify each species of whale by its song, but he didn’t know if it would work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was actually shocked,” he says. “When we did the numbers and came up with nearly 100 percent accuracy, I was kind of dumbfounded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a fleet of these underwater devices were installed off the California coast, they could provide real-time feedback around the clock. That would be more reliable than and less expensive than relying on volunteers in boats or planes looking for whales, or other citizen scientists who infrequently post to the ‘Whale Alert’ app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now the underwater microphones are attached to buoys off Martha’s Vineyard and the New York Bight, a coastal indentation between New Jersey and New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baumgartner also developed custom sensors for two types of underwater robots—the Slocum glider and \u003ca href=\"https://www.liquid-robotics.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wave Glider\u003c/a> that actively search for whales off the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://dcs.whoi.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wave gliders\u003c/a> sit at the ocean’s surface and use fins for propulsion to search for whales, while \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/oceanrobots/robots/glider-phone.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slocum gliders\u003c/a> dive underwater moving between the surface and seafloor listening for whale calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916294\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1916294 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/whale-buoy-illustration-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Different whales make distinctive sounds. The hydrophones and digital acoustic monitoring instrument detect whale calls and transmit information about them from the seafloor up the cable to the buoy, which sends information to a satellite. \u003ccite>(Eric Taylor/WHOI Graphic Services)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both gliders record whale songs and transmit data via satellite to scientists on land who can send that information to cargo ships or the U.S. Coast Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, McCauley of the Benioff Initiative hopes data from the robots could be incorporated to ships’ automated information system or ‘AIS,’ which is like “air traffic control” for vessels and would appear on ships’ computers. Captains could then use the the real-time whale alert information to slow down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A couple less news stories about blue whales that are washing up on shore is, for me, a grand success,” says McCauley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By next year McCauley wants to bring these devices to the California coast. The first pilot project involves attaching one of Baumgartner’s instruments to an oil rig off Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But whether these instruments work or not, might depend on questions like whether ships can slow down without blowing budgets and deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Trashy Bay: Has Oakland Really Cleaned Up Its Act?",
"headTitle": "Trashy Bay: Has Oakland Really Cleaned Up Its Act? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">O\u003c/span>akland has one of the worst rates among Bay Area cities for garbage going into the ocean. Illegal dumping, sidewalk litter and homeless encampments all contribute to more than 300,000 pounds of trash leaving Oakland and entering the ocean each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Tuesday, at an Oakland \u003ca href=\"http://oakland.granicus.com/MediaPlayer.php?view_id=2&clip_id=2489&meta_id=187213\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public Works meeting\u003c/a>, the city announced that it had finally met a summer deadline for cutting down on trash that enters storm drains. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/publications_forms/publications/factsheets/docs/region_brds.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regional Water Quality Control Board\u003c/a> originally ordered Oakland to cut its trash by 70 percent by July. The city missed that deadline, saying it had only reduced trash by 45 percent. But this week, watershed manager Lesley Estes says they’ve now met that goal with a plastic bag ban and better accounting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were really under-measuring how much trash we were removing from above ground, before it actually got into the storm drainage system,” said Estes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917255\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3264px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1917255\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711.jpg 3264w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3264px) 100vw, 3264px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland’s watershed manager Lesley Estes told the Public Works committee on Tuesday the city is now in compliance with its trash reduction goal. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city says it was able to meet its 70 percent reduction goal because it started keeping better track of what was on the ground before it went down storm drains. This new accounting showed the city was picking-up more than it thought, helping bump the 45 percent compliance number above 70 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland also deployed more volunteer clean-up crews in the past year, and Alameda County \u003ca href=\"http://reusablebagsac.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expanded its plastic bag ban\u003c/a> in May, which helped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the Public Works meeting, City Councilmember At-Large Rebecca Kaplan said Oakland needs to do more, because its trash cans are spilling over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The street litter containers are full, they’re overflowing, they’re dropping trash… people then drop their trash on the street,” said Kaplan. “That is a problem I’ve gotten complaints about all throughout the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaplan said Oakland’s watershed team must report back by April on how it plans to address overflowing trash bins and parked cars blocking access to street sweepers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike San Francisco, which has a combined sewer-storm-water treatment system, Oakland’s storm water drains directly into the Bay. Cigarette butts, candy bar wrappers and plastic straws rush through city pipes after big storms and eventually dump into the ocean. Once there, many plastic particles smell attractive to fish, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/17/why-do-fish-eat-our-trash-because-it-smells-yummy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">which eat them\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/11/TrashTalkOaklandBayHoshaw171113.mp3 program=\"Trash Talk\" title=\"Has Oakland Really Cleaned Up Its Act?\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/11/Oakland_trash_3-e1510613143158.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem, says Save the Bay program manager Allison Chan, is that tallying up the trash that’s in Oakland is extremely difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re basically relying on people to go out and conduct ‘visual surveys’ and count everything they see,” says Chan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s crazy, it’s so impossible to come up with an actual number.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials give an area a number value instead of actually counting all the trash. They’ll say a section of Oakland ranges from category 1 (low trash volume) to 4 (very high trash volume). And then staff can decide how to dedicate resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incentives for the city to comply are huge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After San Jose failed to address its trash and sewage problem, the environmental advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://baykeeper.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Baykeeper\u003c/a> sued the city for violating the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act\">Clean Water Act\u003c/a>. The city is now paying more than $100 million to clean up tons of garbage headed into creeks and San Francisco Bay, repair leaking sewage pipes, and treat bacteria-contaminated storm-water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water quality samples taken by Baykeeper in San Jose found some of the highest levels of sewage contamination and trash accumulation in the Bay Area\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> The environmental group filed the lawsuit in 2015 and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/06/14/san-jose-agrees-to-100-million-pollution-cleanup-program-to-reduce-trash-sewage-spills/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose agreed to pay\u003c/a> for clean-up without admitting wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917744\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1917744\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A western gull stands next to a blue plastic pencil after an October 2016 storm flushed trash into Lake Merritt. \u003ccite>(Richard James/\u003ca href=\"https://coastodian.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Coastodian.org\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>David Lewis, executive director of Save the Bay, another environmental group, wants people to be able to visit places like \u003ca href=\"https://localwiki.org/oakland/Damon_Slough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Damon Slough\u003c/a>, an East Bay Regional Park District tidal marshland in Oakland, and see egrets and herons instead of \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandnorth.net/2012/09/12/oaklands-damon-slough-named-one-of-areas-most-littered/\">broken toilet seats and discarded car tires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at those black objects that look like rocks, those are all discarded tires. One, two, three… there’s almost ten of them,” counted Lewis, on a recent visit to Damon Slough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day he visited in August, he found a toilet seat, toothbrushes, water bottles, a tennis ball and an old mattress stuck in mud along the creekside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of Oakland’s ecologically sensitive areas,” Lewis said, “and we need to protect it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next time the city must update Public Works on its clean-up progress is in April 2018, after it has addressed over-flowing trash bins and cars blocking street sweepers. And by 2022, the city must entirely eliminate trash going into storm drains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Image underneath the audio player provided by Richard James/\u003ca href=\"https://coastodian.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coastodian.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">O\u003c/span>akland has one of the worst rates among Bay Area cities for garbage going into the ocean. Illegal dumping, sidewalk litter and homeless encampments all contribute to more than 300,000 pounds of trash leaving Oakland and entering the ocean each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Tuesday, at an Oakland \u003ca href=\"http://oakland.granicus.com/MediaPlayer.php?view_id=2&clip_id=2489&meta_id=187213\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public Works meeting\u003c/a>, the city announced that it had finally met a summer deadline for cutting down on trash that enters storm drains. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/publications_forms/publications/factsheets/docs/region_brds.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regional Water Quality Control Board\u003c/a> originally ordered Oakland to cut its trash by 70 percent by July. The city missed that deadline, saying it had only reduced trash by 45 percent. But this week, watershed manager Lesley Estes says they’ve now met that goal with a plastic bag ban and better accounting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were really under-measuring how much trash we were removing from above ground, before it actually got into the storm drainage system,” said Estes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917255\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3264px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1917255\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711.jpg 3264w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_7711-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3264px) 100vw, 3264px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland’s watershed manager Lesley Estes told the Public Works committee on Tuesday the city is now in compliance with its trash reduction goal. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city says it was able to meet its 70 percent reduction goal because it started keeping better track of what was on the ground before it went down storm drains. This new accounting showed the city was picking-up more than it thought, helping bump the 45 percent compliance number above 70 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland also deployed more volunteer clean-up crews in the past year, and Alameda County \u003ca href=\"http://reusablebagsac.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expanded its plastic bag ban\u003c/a> in May, which helped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the Public Works meeting, City Councilmember At-Large Rebecca Kaplan said Oakland needs to do more, because its trash cans are spilling over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The street litter containers are full, they’re overflowing, they’re dropping trash… people then drop their trash on the street,” said Kaplan. “That is a problem I’ve gotten complaints about all throughout the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaplan said Oakland’s watershed team must report back by April on how it plans to address overflowing trash bins and parked cars blocking access to street sweepers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike San Francisco, which has a combined sewer-storm-water treatment system, Oakland’s storm water drains directly into the Bay. Cigarette butts, candy bar wrappers and plastic straws rush through city pipes after big storms and eventually dump into the ocean. Once there, many plastic particles smell attractive to fish, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/17/why-do-fish-eat-our-trash-because-it-smells-yummy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">which eat them\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"program": "Trash Talk",
"title": "Has Oakland Really Cleaned Up Its Act?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem, says Save the Bay program manager Allison Chan, is that tallying up the trash that’s in Oakland is extremely difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re basically relying on people to go out and conduct ‘visual surveys’ and count everything they see,” says Chan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s crazy, it’s so impossible to come up with an actual number.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials give an area a number value instead of actually counting all the trash. They’ll say a section of Oakland ranges from category 1 (low trash volume) to 4 (very high trash volume). And then staff can decide how to dedicate resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incentives for the city to comply are huge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After San Jose failed to address its trash and sewage problem, the environmental advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://baykeeper.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Baykeeper\u003c/a> sued the city for violating the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act\">Clean Water Act\u003c/a>. The city is now paying more than $100 million to clean up tons of garbage headed into creeks and San Francisco Bay, repair leaking sewage pipes, and treat bacteria-contaminated storm-water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water quality samples taken by Baykeeper in San Jose found some of the highest levels of sewage contamination and trash accumulation in the Bay Area\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> The environmental group filed the lawsuit in 2015 and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/06/14/san-jose-agrees-to-100-million-pollution-cleanup-program-to-reduce-trash-sewage-spills/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose agreed to pay\u003c/a> for clean-up without admitting wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917744\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1917744\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Oakland_trash_gull-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A western gull stands next to a blue plastic pencil after an October 2016 storm flushed trash into Lake Merritt. \u003ccite>(Richard James/\u003ca href=\"https://coastodian.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Coastodian.org\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>David Lewis, executive director of Save the Bay, another environmental group, wants people to be able to visit places like \u003ca href=\"https://localwiki.org/oakland/Damon_Slough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Damon Slough\u003c/a>, an East Bay Regional Park District tidal marshland in Oakland, and see egrets and herons instead of \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandnorth.net/2012/09/12/oaklands-damon-slough-named-one-of-areas-most-littered/\">broken toilet seats and discarded car tires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at those black objects that look like rocks, those are all discarded tires. One, two, three… there’s almost ten of them,” counted Lewis, on a recent visit to Damon Slough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day he visited in August, he found a toilet seat, toothbrushes, water bottles, a tennis ball and an old mattress stuck in mud along the creekside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of Oakland’s ecologically sensitive areas,” Lewis said, “and we need to protect it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next time the city must update Public Works on its clean-up progress is in April 2018, after it has addressed over-flowing trash bins and cars blocking street sweepers. And by 2022, the city must entirely eliminate trash going into storm drains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Image underneath the audio player provided by Richard James/\u003ca href=\"https://coastodian.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coastodian.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Just Became First State to Ban 'Puppy Mill' Sales",
"headTitle": "California Just Became First State to Ban ‘Puppy Mill’ Sales | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A radical change is coming to California’s pet industry. On Friday\u003cem>, \u003c/em>the state became the first requiring pet stores to sell animals from shelter and rescue centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 485\u003c/a>, which says dogs, cats and rabbits sold in California can’t come from large commercial breeding facilities. These operations, dubbed “puppy mills” and “kitten factories,” are often unsafe and inhumane, according to activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Puppy mill” owners over-breed females in order to provide a steady and inexpensive supply of puppies to pet stores, says Brandy Kuentzel from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfspca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\u003c/a>. Diseases, mass breeding and inbreeding that lead to genetic defects and behavioral problems are also common.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Many California pet stores sell animals from out-of-state “puppy mills,” which are targeted under the new law.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Though California has fewer ‘puppy mills’ than other states, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\u003c/a> Senior Director of State Legislation Susan Riggs, store owners still buy puppy mills from other states. Puppy mill pets raised in the Midwest often end up in California, Riggs says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepuppymillproject.org/about-puppy-mills/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puppy Mill Project\u003c/a>, a non-profit animal rights group, says more than two\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>million puppies are bred in mills each year. Most pet store puppies come from puppy mills and pet stores are the main point of sale for puppy mills, helping the operations stay in business, according to the Puppy Mill Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riggs says the new law will stop the flow of out-of-state pets into California outlets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Research and investigations time and time again have demonstrated that the source of those animals are from out-of-state puppy mill breeders,” says Riggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just dogs and cats that will benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916929\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1916929 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"393\" height=\"474\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766.jpg 576w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-160x193.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-240x290.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-375x452.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-520x627.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco SPCA volunteer Kat Soong walks a pit bull mix around the Mission neighborhood. \u003ccite>(SF SPCA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a super game changer for the rabbit industry,” says Kuentzel. “They’re animals that are often over-looked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuentzel says customers buy the pets without knowing how to care for them or how much they’ll cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So a lot of people decide they don’t want them and they end up in shelters; it can be really hard to re-home them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jade Lehmkuhl has bunnies at her Sacramento store, \u003ca href=\"http://www.incredpets.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incredible Pets\u003c/a>. She’ll have to stop selling them, but says she doesn’t mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the big picture, it ’s the right thing to do,” says Lehmkuhl. “There are too many homeless rabbits, there are too many homeless animals in general for people to just be going out and buying baby animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the law went into place, 36 jurisdictions including San Francisco banned the sale of animals from “puppy mills.” The legislation expands the rule statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill opponents, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.akc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Kennel Club\u003c/a>, say the ban will reduce access to new pets from professionally licensed breeders. But the ban only applies to stores. Individuals will still be able to buy direct from breeders or buy pets online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law takes effect in 2019 and violators will receive a $500 fine.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California is the first state banning the sale of animals from \"puppy mills\" and \"kitten farms\" which are often unsafe and inhumane, according to animal rights activists.",
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"description": "California is the first state banning the sale of animals from "puppy mills" and "kitten farms" which are often unsafe and inhumane, according to animal rights activists.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A radical change is coming to California’s pet industry. On Friday\u003cem>, \u003c/em>the state became the first requiring pet stores to sell animals from shelter and rescue centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 485\u003c/a>, which says dogs, cats and rabbits sold in California can’t come from large commercial breeding facilities. These operations, dubbed “puppy mills” and “kitten factories,” are often unsafe and inhumane, according to activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Puppy mill” owners over-breed females in order to provide a steady and inexpensive supply of puppies to pet stores, says Brandy Kuentzel from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfspca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\u003c/a>. Diseases, mass breeding and inbreeding that lead to genetic defects and behavioral problems are also common.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Many California pet stores sell animals from out-of-state “puppy mills,” which are targeted under the new law.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Though California has fewer ‘puppy mills’ than other states, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\u003c/a> Senior Director of State Legislation Susan Riggs, store owners still buy puppy mills from other states. Puppy mill pets raised in the Midwest often end up in California, Riggs says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepuppymillproject.org/about-puppy-mills/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puppy Mill Project\u003c/a>, a non-profit animal rights group, says more than two\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>million puppies are bred in mills each year. Most pet store puppies come from puppy mills and pet stores are the main point of sale for puppy mills, helping the operations stay in business, according to the Puppy Mill Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riggs says the new law will stop the flow of out-of-state pets into California outlets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Research and investigations time and time again have demonstrated that the source of those animals are from out-of-state puppy mill breeders,” says Riggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just dogs and cats that will benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916929\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1916929 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"393\" height=\"474\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766.jpg 576w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-160x193.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-240x290.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-375x452.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-520x627.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco SPCA volunteer Kat Soong walks a pit bull mix around the Mission neighborhood. \u003ccite>(SF SPCA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a super game changer for the rabbit industry,” says Kuentzel. “They’re animals that are often over-looked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuentzel says customers buy the pets without knowing how to care for them or how much they’ll cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So a lot of people decide they don’t want them and they end up in shelters; it can be really hard to re-home them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jade Lehmkuhl has bunnies at her Sacramento store, \u003ca href=\"http://www.incredpets.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incredible Pets\u003c/a>. She’ll have to stop selling them, but says she doesn’t mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the big picture, it ’s the right thing to do,” says Lehmkuhl. “There are too many homeless rabbits, there are too many homeless animals in general for people to just be going out and buying baby animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the law went into place, 36 jurisdictions including San Francisco banned the sale of animals from “puppy mills.” The legislation expands the rule statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill opponents, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.akc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Kennel Club\u003c/a>, say the ban will reduce access to new pets from professionally licensed breeders. But the ban only applies to stores. Individuals will still be able to buy direct from breeders or buy pets online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law takes effect in 2019 and violators will receive a $500 fine.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "You Asked, We Answer: What Does It Mean When a Fire Is Contained?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em; float: left; line-height: 0.733em; padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0; font-family: times, serif, georgia;\">O\u003c/span>nce a fire spews forth the goal is suppression, and the first step is containment. But what does containment mean and why is it so hard to achieve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Containment means that there’s some type of barrier between the area that has been burned, which we call ‘the black’ and an area that has not been burned which we refer to as ‘the green,'” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cal Fire\u003c/a> public information officer Jaime Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Contained’ means there’s a barrier along the fire’s perimeter. ‘Controlled’ means the barrier is expected to hold.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>There are two types of barriers—natural and artificial. A stream or lake can act as a natural barrier. An artificial barrier is often a dirt path dug around the fire. Firefighters will use a bulldozer to create what is called a “dozer line,” or manually carve out a path using picks and shovels, which is called a “hand line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They basically scrape the top layer of the grass off to leave bare mineral soil,” says Williams. “That way the fire stops because there’s nothing to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or firefighters will employ a “hose lay,” where they’ll carry a synthetic hose around the fire, periodically spraying the area inside “the black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”bDY3Zkny9FC39pDdbSmKpbN6btWJUuW8″]Many of the wildfires burning in Northern California are now partially contained. Of the two largest fires burning in Sonoma and Napa, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tubbs Fire\u003c/a> is 60 percent contained and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atlas Fire\u003c/a> is 56 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “percent contained” indicates how much of the fire’s perimeter is surrounded by a barrier. So, for a fire whose perimeter is 10 miles around, if firefighters create a 5-mile-long dirt area around the fire, the fire is 50 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean the fire won’t spread beyond the containment line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg 2404w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-800x470.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-768x451.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1020x599.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1920x1128.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1180x693.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-960x564.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-240x141.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-375x220.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-520x305.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2404px) 100vw, 2404px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters use picks to create a barrier between unburned vegetation and the fire in a technique called a ‘hand line.’ \u003ccite>(Delaware.gov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Generally we know that fires spread with the wind,” says Craig Clements, who oversees the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fire Weather Research Laboratory\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjsu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose State University\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winds Sunday night when the fires first spread were historic—up to 75 miles an hour in some areas. When the winds pickup, they can cause “spot fires” where an ember flies up and starts another new fire nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s so dangerous about spot fires is that the embers can be transported miles downwind from the main fire front,” says Clements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then a fire can go from 50 percent contained to 20 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you get spot fires,” Clements says, “it’s like doubling that rate of spread because now you have a fire starting much farther downwind than the initial fire front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a fire is contained, there’s still a lot of work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A contained fire can still be flaming inside the perimeter and firefighters must burn out untouched vegetation inside the barrier and cool down hotspots that could flare up. After the hotspots and unburned vegetation are treated and the barrier is expected to hold, a fire is considered “controlled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Bay fires\u003c/a>, that could take weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Many of the wildfires burning in Northern California are now partially contained. Of the two largest fires burning in Sonoma and Napa, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tubbs Fire\u003c/a> is 60 percent contained and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atlas Fire\u003c/a> is 56 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “percent contained” indicates how much of the fire’s perimeter is surrounded by a barrier. So, for a fire whose perimeter is 10 miles around, if firefighters create a 5-mile-long dirt area around the fire, the fire is 50 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean the fire won’t spread beyond the containment line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg 2404w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-800x470.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-768x451.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1020x599.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1920x1128.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1180x693.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-960x564.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-240x141.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-375x220.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-520x305.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2404px) 100vw, 2404px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters use picks to create a barrier between unburned vegetation and the fire in a technique called a ‘hand line.’ \u003ccite>(Delaware.gov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Generally we know that fires spread with the wind,” says Craig Clements, who oversees the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fire Weather Research Laboratory\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjsu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose State University\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winds Sunday night when the fires first spread were historic—up to 75 miles an hour in some areas. When the winds pickup, they can cause “spot fires” where an ember flies up and starts another new fire nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s so dangerous about spot fires is that the embers can be transported miles downwind from the main fire front,” says Clements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then a fire can go from 50 percent contained to 20 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you get spot fires,” Clements says, “it’s like doubling that rate of spread because now you have a fire starting much farther downwind than the initial fire front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a fire is contained, there’s still a lot of work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A contained fire can still be flaming inside the perimeter and firefighters must burn out untouched vegetation inside the barrier and cool down hotspots that could flare up. After the hotspots and unburned vegetation are treated and the barrier is expected to hold, a fire is considered “controlled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Bay fires\u003c/a>, that could take weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Before and After: Satellite Photos Show California Fire Damage",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>y Thursday evening, Northern California’s wildfires had become the deadliest and most destructive in the state’s history. Taken all together, the fires raging from Napa to Mendocino to Nevada counties had killed 31 people, burned down 3,500 structures, and engulfed 170,000 acres in flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters have made progress toward containing some fires in the rural counties east of Sacramento, but multiple fires in the North Bay have been fueled by heavy winds this week and firefighters have barely begun to contain them. The cause of the fire is under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellite imagery from Colorado mapping company \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitalglobe.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Globe\u003c/a> reveals the extent of the damage in several Santa Rosa neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drag the white slider in the middle of each image from left to right to see a before-and-after comparison. These images show neighborhoods northeast of Santa Rosa, with “before” images captured during the summer and “after” images taken on Wednesday October 11, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The main street on the left in this first image is Fountaingrove Parkway:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"juxtapose\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=6203840e-afbf-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The wiggly street on the right of this image is Crown Hill Drive:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=f78abb1c-afc6-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This image shows Coffey Park, in the middle:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=78ac9196-afc9-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The upper main road in this image is Hopper Avenue; the neighborhood is directly west of Coffey Park:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=53824bbe-afc8-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This final image shows the golf course of Fountaingrove Golf and Athletic Club in a swath of green on the left:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=6e1264f8-afca-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nImages by Overview News//DigitalGlobe 2017. Sliders by Teodros Hailye and Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>y Thursday evening, Northern California’s wildfires had become the deadliest and most destructive in the state’s history. Taken all together, the fires raging from Napa to Mendocino to Nevada counties had killed 31 people, burned down 3,500 structures, and engulfed 170,000 acres in flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters have made progress toward containing some fires in the rural counties east of Sacramento, but multiple fires in the North Bay have been fueled by heavy winds this week and firefighters have barely begun to contain them. The cause of the fire is under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellite imagery from Colorado mapping company \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitalglobe.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Globe\u003c/a> reveals the extent of the damage in several Santa Rosa neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drag the white slider in the middle of each image from left to right to see a before-and-after comparison. These images show neighborhoods northeast of Santa Rosa, with “before” images captured during the summer and “after” images taken on Wednesday October 11, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The main street on the left in this first image is Fountaingrove Parkway:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"juxtapose\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=6203840e-afbf-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The wiggly street on the right of this image is Crown Hill Drive:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=f78abb1c-afc6-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This image shows Coffey Park, in the middle:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=78ac9196-afc9-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The upper main road in this image is Hopper Avenue; the neighborhood is directly west of Coffey Park:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=53824bbe-afc8-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This final image shows the golf course of Fountaingrove Golf and Athletic Club in a swath of green on the left:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=6e1264f8-afca-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nImages by Overview News//DigitalGlobe 2017. Sliders by Teodros Hailye and Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Updated: Saturday, October 14, 2017, 3:00\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003cstrong> p.m. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The multiple wildfires burning across a swath of Northern California have consumed more than 220,000 acres, while firefighters continue to make progress containing the fires. The causes are still under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires are burning from Napa and Sonoma counties out to Nevada County and up to Mendocino, and have killed 37 people, making these the most deadly fires in California history. Hundreds more people are still missing. More than 5,700 structures have been destroyed, which is nearly twice the previous most destructive fire in California, the 1991 Oakland Hills Tunnel Fire. On Monday, Governor Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19994\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“October, November we do see some of our most destructive and damaging wildfires historically,” says \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalFire\u003c/a> information officer Heather Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires that tear through neighborhoods and shopping centers have become more common as California’s population booms and development sprawls into vegetated areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1916726 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-160x180.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-800x902.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-768x866.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-1020x1150.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-960x1082.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-240x271.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-375x423.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-520x586.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We saw how quickly these fires spread into these suburbs and communities,” says Williams, speaking of the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cumulatively, the current fires are also the deadliest. The second most deadly was Los Angeles’ Griffith Park Fire where 29 people died, followed by the Oakland Hills Tunnel Fire where 25 people perished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of acreage, the current wildfires rank at number 5 among the top 20 biggest. The largest California wildfire in history, the Cedar Fire, burned 273,246 acres and the twentieth biggest, Ventura’s Wheeler Fire, burned 118,000 acres. Combined, the fires burning in California right now total more than 220,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing we are seeing is that fire season is lasting longer,” says Williams, “it’s almost year-round now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CalFire spokeswoman says it could be weeks or months before all the fires are fully contained and the true extent of the damage is calculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For continual fire updates, check \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED News\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Updated: Saturday, October 14, 2017, 3:00\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003cstrong> p.m. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The multiple wildfires burning across a swath of Northern California have consumed more than 220,000 acres, while firefighters continue to make progress containing the fires. The causes are still under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires are burning from Napa and Sonoma counties out to Nevada County and up to Mendocino, and have killed 37 people, making these the most deadly fires in California history. Hundreds more people are still missing. More than 5,700 structures have been destroyed, which is nearly twice the previous most destructive fire in California, the 1991 Oakland Hills Tunnel Fire. On Monday, Governor Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19994\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“October, November we do see some of our most destructive and damaging wildfires historically,” says \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalFire\u003c/a> information officer Heather Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires that tear through neighborhoods and shopping centers have become more common as California’s population booms and development sprawls into vegetated areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1916726 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-160x180.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-800x902.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-768x866.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-1020x1150.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-960x1082.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-240x271.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-375x423.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-520x586.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We saw how quickly these fires spread into these suburbs and communities,” says Williams, speaking of the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cumulatively, the current fires are also the deadliest. The second most deadly was Los Angeles’ Griffith Park Fire where 29 people died, followed by the Oakland Hills Tunnel Fire where 25 people perished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of acreage, the current wildfires rank at number 5 among the top 20 biggest. The largest California wildfire in history, the Cedar Fire, burned 273,246 acres and the twentieth biggest, Ventura’s Wheeler Fire, burned 118,000 acres. Combined, the fires burning in California right now total more than 220,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing we are seeing is that fire season is lasting longer,” says Williams, “it’s almost year-round now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CalFire spokeswoman says it could be weeks or months before all the fires are fully contained and the true extent of the damage is calculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For continual fire updates, check \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED News\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">C\u003c/span>alifornia’s marine sanctuaries protect ocean animals from fishing, underwater mining, and drilling. Yet scientists think a more insidious agent may be contaminating their territory: microplastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microplastics include both microbeads—tiny plastic beads used as exfoliants in healthcare products—and minuscule synthetic fibers from clothing that are smaller than 5 millimeters.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s kind of a disaster.’\u003ccite>Carolynn Box, 5 Gyres\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Congress and the California legislature passed laws banning the sale of cosmetic products that contain microbeads. But the state ban doesn’t take effect until 2020. And the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/1321\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal ban\u003c/a>, which covers all states including California, doesn’t take full effect until July 1, 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So these microplastics, which are too small for water systems to catch, have continued to flow straight into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a disaster,” says Carolynn Box, science programs director with \u003ca href=\"https://www.5gyres.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">5 Gyres\u003c/a>, a non-profit funding ocean trash research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/microplasticfacts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pilot study\u003c/a> last year, conducted as part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/projects/microplastic-pollution#sthash.HVX6YVS4.dpbs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SF Bay Microplastic Project\u003c/a>, found that wastewater treatment plants were discharging 7,000,000 particles each day into the San Francisco Bay. The sheer load of these particles, both plastics and non-plastics, “suggested that San Francisco Bay has more microplastic pollution than other major water bodies in the U.S.,” the study said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915745\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4240px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915745\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4240\" height=\"2832\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling.jpg 4240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4240px) 100vw, 4240px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meg Sedlak from the San Francisco Estuary Institute holds a net attached to a manta trawl above the water in prep for ocean sampling. \u003ccite>(Plus M Productions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5522e85be4b0b65a7c78ac96/t/589e21c446c3c44d7457cf77/1486758342325/SFEI+5Gyres+News+Release2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">next phase\u003c/a> of the Microplastic Project is to make a more conclusive measurement of how much microplastic is in the Bay and where it travels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We honestly don’t know where they’re going,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/users/meg-sedlak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Meg Sedlak\u003c/a>, a senior program manager with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>. “We aspire to address that with our modeling.” The Institute is a nonprofit research center focused on the Bay, Delta and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, Sedlak and her team, along with 5 \u003ca href=\"https://www.5gyres.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gyres,\u003c/a> used a large\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>trawl fitted with a net to collect surface water near the Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sample contained clumps of eel grass and small bits of debris, which will be sent to a \u003ca href=\"https://rochmanlab.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">University of Toronto lab \u003c/a>for analysis. The crew also dropped a sensor into the water to measure ocean currents to figure out where the debris might be traveling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”KhJDXjPxY1Ag5WKbFUawRHXRbeCQssWg”]The researchers suspect particles are drifting into Northern California’s three national marine sanctuaries and could be affecting marine life there. They tested \u003ca href=\"https://farallones.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Greater Farallones\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://cordellbank.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cordell Bank\u003c/a> this summer and will test \u003ca href=\"https://montereybay.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary \u003c/a>in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists still don’t know where 99 percent of all trash flowing into the ocean is going. Less than 1 percent ends up in large swirling ocean currents called gyres, which include the \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/garbagepatch.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some marine debris, especially\u003ca href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/sb-1287-mcguire-crab-gear-retrieval-act/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> derelict fishing gear\u003c/a>, can be removed, but microplastics are much too small to clean up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a problem because plastic absorbs toxic chemicals like a sponge. Studies show harmful chemicals attached to plastic are moving up the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a significant amount of trash being found in fish around the world,” says Box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915779\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 395px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915779 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample-375x280.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fragments retrieved after a 30 minute surface water sample near the Bay Bridge on September 18, 2017. \u003ccite>(Karin North/City of Palo Alto)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That could affect human health if people are eating those fish. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/oysters-with-a-side-of-microplastic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new study\u003c/a> by Vancouver Island University, students planted clams and oysters along the coast of British Columbia, tested them three months later, and found they contained tiny plastic particles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California scientists will get results, including a chemical analysis of microscopic particles from the Bay, next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before then, they’ll sample a total of\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">16 sites inside San Francisco Bay and 12 sites inside Cordell Bank, Greater Farallones and Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuaries. They’ll collect debris after extreme tide events and heavy winter rains this year, in an effort to determine how the plastic pieces are moving between the Bay and the Pacific Ocean. \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sedlak says, fortunately, the public is more clued-in to microplastics than they were 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“By informing people about plastics getting into the ocean—like we saw with the ban—we can see a difference,” says Sedlak. “I’m hopeful.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">C\u003c/span>alifornia’s marine sanctuaries protect ocean animals from fishing, underwater mining, and drilling. Yet scientists think a more insidious agent may be contaminating their territory: microplastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microplastics include both microbeads—tiny plastic beads used as exfoliants in healthcare products—and minuscule synthetic fibers from clothing that are smaller than 5 millimeters.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s kind of a disaster.’\u003ccite>Carolynn Box, 5 Gyres\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Congress and the California legislature passed laws banning the sale of cosmetic products that contain microbeads. But the state ban doesn’t take effect until 2020. And the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/1321\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal ban\u003c/a>, which covers all states including California, doesn’t take full effect until July 1, 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So these microplastics, which are too small for water systems to catch, have continued to flow straight into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a disaster,” says Carolynn Box, science programs director with \u003ca href=\"https://www.5gyres.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">5 Gyres\u003c/a>, a non-profit funding ocean trash research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/microplasticfacts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pilot study\u003c/a> last year, conducted as part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/projects/microplastic-pollution#sthash.HVX6YVS4.dpbs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SF Bay Microplastic Project\u003c/a>, found that wastewater treatment plants were discharging 7,000,000 particles each day into the San Francisco Bay. The sheer load of these particles, both plastics and non-plastics, “suggested that San Francisco Bay has more microplastic pollution than other major water bodies in the U.S.,” the study said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915745\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4240px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915745\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4240\" height=\"2832\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling.jpg 4240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Microplastics_trawl-sampling-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4240px) 100vw, 4240px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meg Sedlak from the San Francisco Estuary Institute holds a net attached to a manta trawl above the water in prep for ocean sampling. \u003ccite>(Plus M Productions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5522e85be4b0b65a7c78ac96/t/589e21c446c3c44d7457cf77/1486758342325/SFEI+5Gyres+News+Release2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">next phase\u003c/a> of the Microplastic Project is to make a more conclusive measurement of how much microplastic is in the Bay and where it travels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We honestly don’t know where they’re going,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/users/meg-sedlak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Meg Sedlak\u003c/a>, a senior program manager with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>. “We aspire to address that with our modeling.” The Institute is a nonprofit research center focused on the Bay, Delta and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, Sedlak and her team, along with 5 \u003ca href=\"https://www.5gyres.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gyres,\u003c/a> used a large\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>trawl fitted with a net to collect surface water near the Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sample contained clumps of eel grass and small bits of debris, which will be sent to a \u003ca href=\"https://rochmanlab.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">University of Toronto lab \u003c/a>for analysis. The crew also dropped a sensor into the water to measure ocean currents to figure out where the debris might be traveling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The researchers suspect particles are drifting into Northern California’s three national marine sanctuaries and could be affecting marine life there. They tested \u003ca href=\"https://farallones.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Greater Farallones\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://cordellbank.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cordell Bank\u003c/a> this summer and will test \u003ca href=\"https://montereybay.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary \u003c/a>in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists still don’t know where 99 percent of all trash flowing into the ocean is going. Less than 1 percent ends up in large swirling ocean currents called gyres, which include the \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/garbagepatch.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some marine debris, especially\u003ca href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/sb-1287-mcguire-crab-gear-retrieval-act/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> derelict fishing gear\u003c/a>, can be removed, but microplastics are much too small to clean up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a problem because plastic absorbs toxic chemicals like a sponge. Studies show harmful chemicals attached to plastic are moving up the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a significant amount of trash being found in fish around the world,” says Box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915779\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 395px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915779 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/microplastic_sample-375x280.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fragments retrieved after a 30 minute surface water sample near the Bay Bridge on September 18, 2017. \u003ccite>(Karin North/City of Palo Alto)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That could affect human health if people are eating those fish. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/oysters-with-a-side-of-microplastic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new study\u003c/a> by Vancouver Island University, students planted clams and oysters along the coast of British Columbia, tested them three months later, and found they contained tiny plastic particles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California scientists will get results, including a chemical analysis of microscopic particles from the Bay, next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before then, they’ll sample a total of\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">16 sites inside San Francisco Bay and 12 sites inside Cordell Bank, Greater Farallones and Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuaries. They’ll collect debris after extreme tide events and heavy winter rains this year, in an effort to determine how the plastic pieces are moving between the Bay and the Pacific Ocean. \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sedlak says, fortunately, the public is more clued-in to microplastics than they were 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“By informing people about plastics getting into the ocean—like we saw with the ban—we can see a difference,” says Sedlak. “I’m hopeful.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
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