
All Alice Piper wanted was a well-rounded education. But for an Indigenous girl growing up in the 1910s and ’20s, accessing one was no easy feat. Piper’s family lived in Soha-witü in Inyo County, and her earliest education was at a Native school in Big Pine, 40 miles from her home. At the government institution, Piper was trained in little more than laundry duties and canning vegetables. Understandably, she yearned for more.
When Big Pine public school opened in 1921, Piper jumped at the chance to attend. After she was refused entry based on her race, she fought back. With the assistance of San Francisco lawyer J. W. Henderson, and alongside the families of six other Indigenous children, 16-year-old Piper and her parents filed a petition directly with the California Supreme Court, arguing that her exclusion from Big Pine violated the 14th Amendment.
