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Zoom in on each location to see a rough approximation of power outage areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second map shows the total number of outages per county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All data \u003ca href=\"https://pgealerts.alerts.pge.com/outages/map/\">comes from PG&E\u003c/a>, via the \u003ca href=\"https://gis.data.ca.gov/datasets/CalEMA::power-outage-incidents/about\">California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES)\u003c/a>, and is updated every 15 minutes. Any planned safety outages, known as Public Safety Power Outages (PSPS), will be specifically labeled on the map when they occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map also includes current power outage incidents reported by the state’s other major utilities, including Southern California Edison, San Diego Gas and Electric, Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) and the Los Angeles Department of Water & Power. The map does not include smaller, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747148/map-public-power-providers-in-california\">locally owned utilities\u003c/a> such as those in Palo Alto and Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%;\" align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=a04a97b02e764b5e94905acaaecf2edc\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%;\" align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=9289b87eb7434c4296ee8a3b486871c9\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A map of the latest power outages in the Bay Area and beyond, displayed by incident and outage area, and per county.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1707173580,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://kqednews.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":170},"headData":{"title":"Map: Current PG&E Power Outages in Northern California | KQED","description":"A map of the latest power outages in the Bay Area and beyond, displayed by incident and outage area, and per county.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"PG&E Power Outages","sticky":false,"WpOldSlug":"map-potential-pge-power-outage-wednesday","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1950931/map-pge-power-outages","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Mouse over or click points on the map below to see all of PG&E’s current power outages, planned or otherwise, along with the number of customers impacted, the cause (if listed), and estimated time of restoration. Zoom in on each location to see a rough approximation of power outage areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second map shows the total number of outages per county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All data \u003ca href=\"https://pgealerts.alerts.pge.com/outages/map/\">comes from PG&E\u003c/a>, via the \u003ca href=\"https://gis.data.ca.gov/datasets/CalEMA::power-outage-incidents/about\">California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES)\u003c/a>, and is updated every 15 minutes. Any planned safety outages, known as Public Safety Power Outages (PSPS), will be specifically labeled on the map when they occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map also includes current power outage incidents reported by the state’s other major utilities, including Southern California Edison, San Diego Gas and Electric, Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) and the Los Angeles Department of Water & Power. The map does not include smaller, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747148/map-public-power-providers-in-california\">locally owned utilities\u003c/a> such as those in Palo Alto and Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%;\" align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=a04a97b02e764b5e94905acaaecf2edc\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%;\" align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=9289b87eb7434c4296ee8a3b486871c9\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1950931/map-pge-power-outages","authors":["1263"],"categories":["science_33","science_40","science_4450","science_3730"],"featImg":"science_1985911","label":"source_science_1950931"},"science_1926793":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1926793","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1926793","score":null,"sort":[1695163556000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke","title":"How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke","publishDate":1695163556,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968711/como-protegerse-del-humo-de-incendios-forestales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Leer en español.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the path of wildfire smoke can take certain precautionary measures to protect their lungs from smoke pollution. Older people, children and individuals with heart or respiratory conditions in particular are advised to filter air, limit outside activities or otherwise temporarily leave the affected area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children are especially sensitive to smoke pollution because their airways are still developing and they breathe more air per pound of body weight than adults, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the steps you can take to protect yourself and your loved ones from the dangers of wildfire smoke:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Check local air-quality reports.\u003c/strong> For real-time updates on the air quality in your neighborhood, plug in your ZIP code at the \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_state&stateid=5&mapcenter=0&tabs=0\">Environmental Protection Agency’s AirNow website\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Keep indoor air clean.\u003c/strong> Keep your house and car windows closed. Run an air conditioner, but keep the fresh-air intake closed to prevent outdoor smoke from infiltrating inside. To reduce exposure to smoke and smoke residue, the California Air Resources Board recommends mechanical air cleaners with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter that collects very small particles and does not emit ozone or other harmful substances. These air cleaners can dramatically reduce indoor particle levels, in some cases by more than 90%. \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/aircleaners/certified.htm\">See devices that are certified by and legal in California.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>In homes without air-conditioning, keep doors and windows closed.\u003c/strong> This can \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/wildfire_may2016.pdf\">reduce pollutant levels by 50% (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Avoid activities that increase indoor pollution.\u003c/strong> Burning candles, cooking on gas stoves and vacuuming can increase indoor pollution.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wash your nose out and gargle\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>with clean water. \u003c/strong>Do this five times a day until the smoke subsides.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Take a shower and wash your clothing\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>after being outside.\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wear a respirator mask if it helps you feel better, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/N95-mask-wildfire-smoke-San-Francisco-Bay-Area-14428384.php\">choose carefully\u003c/a>.\u003c/strong> Hardware stores and pharmacies sell N95 masks that filter out fine particles. Public safety officials caution that these masks don’t work well for everyone and are no substitute for spending as much time as you can indoors with sealed windows. The least effective options are one‐strap paper dust masks or surgical masks that hook around your ears — they don’t protect against fine particles.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Note that a cloth mask, such as those often used to prevent the spread of COVID-19, will not adequately protect lungs from particles found in wildfire smoke.\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>What’s in wildfire smoke?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/wildfire_may2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wildfire smoke (PDF)\u003c/a> is a shifting blend of gases and particles, including carbon dioxide, water vapor, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and other organic chemicals, nitrogen oxides and trace minerals. There are thousands of individual compounds, many of them toxic.[aside tag=\"smoke, wildfire\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]But what worries doctors most is the particulate matter in smoke, the tiny bits of feathery ash and dust-like soot, much of it invisible to the eye. They are especially worried about particulate matter less than 10 microns wide, known as PM 10. (By comparison, a human hair is about 60 microns wide.) They also dread the subset known as PM 2.5, for particulate matter less than 2.5 microns wide.[contextly_sidebar id=”8htoYwde4rcxOw4KFx1ebEglpRqQgoNv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These tiny particles travel deep into the lungs, and the smallest ones can even enter the bloodstream. The smallest particles are also the lightest, and can travel vast distances on the wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The particles first damage the body simply by getting inside it, triggering inflammatory reactions that themselves can trigger breathing difficulties, heart attacks and even strokes. Within a few days of smoke exposure, damaged lungs can succumb to bronchitis or pneumonia. In pregnant people, exposure to particulates has been associated with premature birth and low birth weight in infants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story was first published on Aug. 7, 2018.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Air pollution from wildfire smoke can pose serious health risks for people residing in affected areas. Here are some key steps people can take to protect their lungs.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845900,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":644},"headData":{"title":"How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke | KQED","description":"Air pollution from wildfire smoke can pose serious health risks for people residing in affected areas. Here are some key steps people can take to protect their lungs.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Wildfires","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968711/como-protegerse-del-humo-de-incendios-forestales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Leer en español.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the path of wildfire smoke can take certain precautionary measures to protect their lungs from smoke pollution. Older people, children and individuals with heart or respiratory conditions in particular are advised to filter air, limit outside activities or otherwise temporarily leave the affected area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children are especially sensitive to smoke pollution because their airways are still developing and they breathe more air per pound of body weight than adults, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the steps you can take to protect yourself and your loved ones from the dangers of wildfire smoke:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Check local air-quality reports.\u003c/strong> For real-time updates on the air quality in your neighborhood, plug in your ZIP code at the \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_state&stateid=5&mapcenter=0&tabs=0\">Environmental Protection Agency’s AirNow website\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Keep indoor air clean.\u003c/strong> Keep your house and car windows closed. Run an air conditioner, but keep the fresh-air intake closed to prevent outdoor smoke from infiltrating inside. To reduce exposure to smoke and smoke residue, the California Air Resources Board recommends mechanical air cleaners with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter that collects very small particles and does not emit ozone or other harmful substances. These air cleaners can dramatically reduce indoor particle levels, in some cases by more than 90%. \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/aircleaners/certified.htm\">See devices that are certified by and legal in California.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>In homes without air-conditioning, keep doors and windows closed.\u003c/strong> This can \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/wildfire_may2016.pdf\">reduce pollutant levels by 50% (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Avoid activities that increase indoor pollution.\u003c/strong> Burning candles, cooking on gas stoves and vacuuming can increase indoor pollution.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wash your nose out and gargle\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>with clean water. \u003c/strong>Do this five times a day until the smoke subsides.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Take a shower and wash your clothing\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>after being outside.\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wear a respirator mask if it helps you feel better, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/N95-mask-wildfire-smoke-San-Francisco-Bay-Area-14428384.php\">choose carefully\u003c/a>.\u003c/strong> Hardware stores and pharmacies sell N95 masks that filter out fine particles. Public safety officials caution that these masks don’t work well for everyone and are no substitute for spending as much time as you can indoors with sealed windows. The least effective options are one‐strap paper dust masks or surgical masks that hook around your ears — they don’t protect against fine particles.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Note that a cloth mask, such as those often used to prevent the spread of COVID-19, will not adequately protect lungs from particles found in wildfire smoke.\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>What’s in wildfire smoke?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/wildfire_may2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wildfire smoke (PDF)\u003c/a> is a shifting blend of gases and particles, including carbon dioxide, water vapor, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and other organic chemicals, nitrogen oxides and trace minerals. There are thousands of individual compounds, many of them toxic.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"smoke, wildfire","label":"More Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But what worries doctors most is the particulate matter in smoke, the tiny bits of feathery ash and dust-like soot, much of it invisible to the eye. They are especially worried about particulate matter less than 10 microns wide, known as PM 10. (By comparison, a human hair is about 60 microns wide.) They also dread the subset known as PM 2.5, for particulate matter less than 2.5 microns wide.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These tiny particles travel deep into the lungs, and the smallest ones can even enter the bloodstream. The smallest particles are also the lightest, and can travel vast distances on the wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The particles first damage the body simply by getting inside it, triggering inflammatory reactions that themselves can trigger breathing difficulties, heart attacks and even strokes. Within a few days of smoke exposure, damaged lungs can succumb to bronchitis or pneumonia. In pregnant people, exposure to particulates has been associated with premature birth and low birth weight in infants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story was first published on Aug. 7, 2018.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke","authors":["6387"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_37","science_39","science_40","science_3730"],"tags":["science_505","science_4992","science_856","science_192","science_5181","science_365","science_113","science_3693"],"featImg":"science_1980251","label":"source_science_1926793"},"science_1930023":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1930023","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1930023","score":null,"sort":[1695159126000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area","title":"Map: Here's Your Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area","publishDate":1695159126,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Map: Here’s Your Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968622/mapa-reporte-actual-de-la-calidad-del-aire-en-el-area-de-la-bahia\">\u003cem>Leer en español.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ci>Large circles on the map show Air Quality Index (AQI) values — for ozone and AQI2.5 — that are measured at official, outdoor permanent monitoring sites (managed in the Bay Area by the Air Quality Management District) and submitted to the U.S. EPA’s AirNow database. Data is updated hourly. To view wind and weather patterns, based on hourly station data provided by NOAA, click on the layer-list button in the top left corner and select “Current Weather and Wind Station Data.”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%;\" align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=bc0e7cbb37be4c6f97ab161d3af75b6a\" width=\"1200\" height=\"850\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 94%;\" align=\"left\">\u003ci>Map produced by Matthew Green/KQED\u003c/i>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want more information about air quality and wildfire smoke?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to protect yourself from wildfire smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969271/making-sense-of-purple-air-vs-airnow-and-a-new-map-to-rule-them-all\">How to read air quality maps properly, from Purple Air to AirNow\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">Masks for smoke \u003cem>and\u003c/em> COVID: Which are best?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Here is an expanded list of other air quality measurement resources:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://tools.airfire.org/monitoring/v4/#!/?category=PM2.5_nowcast¢erlat=42¢erlon=-95&zoom=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Forest Service Air Monitoring Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://mobile.arb.ca.gov/breathewell/CityList.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Air Resource Board Breathewell for Mobile\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://aqicn.org/city/california/san-francisco/san-francisco-arkansas-street/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Air Quality Index\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://fire.airnow.gov/?lat=37.7576497&lng=-122.4353884&zoom=10\">AirNow is also running a project\u003c/a> that adds data from low-cost sensors to a fire and smoke map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Explore a map updated hourly of air quality in the Bay Area and across California.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845902,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":185},"headData":{"title":"Map: Here's Your Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area | KQED","description":"Explore a map updated hourly of air quality in the Bay Area and across California.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Air Quality","sticky":false,"nprByline":"KQED","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968622/mapa-reporte-actual-de-la-calidad-del-aire-en-el-area-de-la-bahia\">\u003cem>Leer en español.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ci>Large circles on the map show Air Quality Index (AQI) values — for ozone and AQI2.5 — that are measured at official, outdoor permanent monitoring sites (managed in the Bay Area by the Air Quality Management District) and submitted to the U.S. EPA’s AirNow database. Data is updated hourly. To view wind and weather patterns, based on hourly station data provided by NOAA, click on the layer-list button in the top left corner and select “Current Weather and Wind Station Data.”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%;\" align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=bc0e7cbb37be4c6f97ab161d3af75b6a\" width=\"1200\" height=\"850\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 94%;\" align=\"left\">\u003ci>Map produced by Matthew Green/KQED\u003c/i>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want more information about air quality and wildfire smoke?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to protect yourself from wildfire smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969271/making-sense-of-purple-air-vs-airnow-and-a-new-map-to-rule-them-all\">How to read air quality maps properly, from Purple Air to AirNow\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">Masks for smoke \u003cem>and\u003c/em> COVID: Which are best?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Here is an expanded list of other air quality measurement resources:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://tools.airfire.org/monitoring/v4/#!/?category=PM2.5_nowcast¢erlat=42¢erlon=-95&zoom=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Forest Service Air Monitoring Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://mobile.arb.ca.gov/breathewell/CityList.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Air Resource Board Breathewell for Mobile\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://aqicn.org/city/california/san-francisco/san-francisco-arkansas-street/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Air Quality Index\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://fire.airnow.gov/?lat=37.7576497&lng=-122.4353884&zoom=10\">AirNow is also running a project\u003c/a> that adds data from low-cost sensors to a fire and smoke map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area","authors":["byline_science_1930023"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_3730"],"tags":["science_505","science_524","science_4992","science_856","science_3820","science_3463","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1965690","label":"source_science_1930023"},"science_1968622":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1968622","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1968622","score":null,"sort":[1689983223000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mapa-reporte-actual-de-la-calidad-del-aire-en-el-area-de-la-bahia","title":"Mapa: Reporte actual de la calidad del aire en el Área de la Bahía","publishDate":1689983223,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Mapa: Reporte actual de la calidad del aire en el Área de la Bahía | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\">\u003cem>Read in English\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003ch5>Mapa de calidad del aire del área de la bahía\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>El siguiente mapa de la EPA muestra nuestra calidad actual del aire. Haga clic en el botón debajo de “Actual” para ver la clave de color de la calidad del aire. Alterne “Pronóstico” para ver el pronóstico AQI de mañana. Use su mouse o dedos (o +/-) para mover y hacer zoom en el mapa. Fuentes: EPA AirNow\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://gispub.epa.gov/airnow/index.html?xmin=-13814081.700392202&xmax=-13371052.684451535&ymin=4379712.522778065&ymax=4703499.774593915&boundaries=county\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>¿Quiere más información sobre la calidad del aire y el humo de los incendios forestales?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968711/como-protegerse-del-humo-de-incendios-forestales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cómo protegerse del humo de incendios forestales\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834866/cubrebocas-para-el-humo-y-covid-19-que-tipo-es-mejor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cubrebocas para el humo y covid-19, ¿qué tipo es mejor?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Aquí podrá encontrar una lista recursos (en inglés pero organizados por colores) para saber la calidad del aire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://tools.airfire.org/monitoring/v4/#!/?category=PM2.5_nowcast¢erlat=42¢erlon=-95&zoom=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Programa de Monitoreo del Aire del Servicio Forestal de EE.UU.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://mobile.arb.ca.gov/breathewell/CityList.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Air Resource Board Breathewell para teléfonos\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://aqicn.org/city/california/san-francisco/san-francisco-arkansas-street/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Índice de Calidad del Aire del Mundo\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo fue traducido por la periodista, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amorga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adriana Morga\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Con incendios sucediendo alrededor del Área de la Bahía, usted puede ver la calidad del aire aquí.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845950,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://gispub.epa.gov/airnow/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":189},"headData":{"title":"Mapa: Reporte actual de la calidad del aire en el Área de la Bahía | KQED","description":"Con incendios sucediendo alrededor del Área de la Bahía, usted puede ver la calidad del aire aquí.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1968622/mapa-reporte-actual-de-la-calidad-del-aire-en-el-area-de-la-bahia","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\">\u003cem>Read in English\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003ch5>Mapa de calidad del aire del área de la bahía\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>El siguiente mapa de la EPA muestra nuestra calidad actual del aire. Haga clic en el botón debajo de “Actual” para ver la clave de color de la calidad del aire. Alterne “Pronóstico” para ver el pronóstico AQI de mañana. Use su mouse o dedos (o +/-) para mover y hacer zoom en el mapa. Fuentes: EPA AirNow\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://gispub.epa.gov/airnow/index.html?xmin=-13814081.700392202&xmax=-13371052.684451535&ymin=4379712.522778065&ymax=4703499.774593915&boundaries=county\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>¿Quiere más información sobre la calidad del aire y el humo de los incendios forestales?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968711/como-protegerse-del-humo-de-incendios-forestales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cómo protegerse del humo de incendios forestales\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834866/cubrebocas-para-el-humo-y-covid-19-que-tipo-es-mejor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cubrebocas para el humo y covid-19, ¿qué tipo es mejor?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Aquí podrá encontrar una lista recursos (en inglés pero organizados por colores) para saber la calidad del aire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://tools.airfire.org/monitoring/v4/#!/?category=PM2.5_nowcast¢erlat=42¢erlon=-95&zoom=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Programa de Monitoreo del Aire del Servicio Forestal de EE.UU.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://mobile.arb.ca.gov/breathewell/CityList.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Air Resource Board Breathewell para teléfonos\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://aqicn.org/city/california/san-francisco/san-francisco-arkansas-street/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Índice de Calidad del Aire del Mundo\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo fue traducido por la periodista, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amorga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adriana Morga\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1968622/mapa-reporte-actual-de-la-calidad-del-aire-en-el-area-de-la-bahia","authors":["6387"],"categories":["science_4450","science_3730"],"tags":["science_5184"],"featImg":"science_1983584","label":"science"},"science_1982594":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1982594","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1982594","score":null,"sort":[1683646533000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"older-adults-in-sonoma-county-to-get-fire-safety-home-retrofits-for-free","title":"Older Adults in Sonoma County to Get Fire-Safety Home Retrofits — for Free","publishDate":1683646533,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Older Adults in Sonoma County to Get Fire-Safety Home Retrofits — for Free | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>In August 2020, the Walbridge Fire was spreading dangerously close to Franceen Levy’s home in Monte Rio, a town nestled in a bend of Sonoma County’s Russian River. Just a few miles north, Armstrong Woods was already burning, and across the street, Levy’s neighbor was about to hightail it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally, I don’t evacuate,” said Levy, who lives alone at age 76. “I didn’t evacuate during any of the other fires or floods.” She stayed in her house in 1986 and 2019 when the Russian River turned her neighborhood into an island. She stayed in 2017 when the Tubbs Fire ravaged nearby Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the first time in the 25 years she has lived in her Monte Rio house, Levy grabbed her two cats and drove to a hotel room in Bodega Bay. She sheltered there for two days before returning to her home, which survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982596\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982596\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"An older white woman with boots, jeans and jacket sits on the front steps leading to the porch of her house as she looks at the camera with a sullen expression.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Franceen Levy sits on the steps outside her home in Monte Rio in Sonoma County, on March 13, 2023. \u003ccite>(Isaac Ceja/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite the risk of fire, Levy intends to continue aging in her home, and she is far from the only one. In fire-prone Sonoma County, 20% of residents are over the age of 65, a higher proportion than the state average of 15%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the youngest baby boomers reach retirement age in the next decade, the entire nation will mirror Sonoma County’s population of older adults, most of whom will want to age in their homes. But without home modifications, they will be forced to leave their communities and enter nursing homes and retirement facilities. And in places like Sonoma County, where forests cut through and around many towns, the dangers of wildfire are especially great for older people, who are less mobile and more likely to die in a fire. To mitigate that threat, \u003ca href=\"https://www.firesafesonoma.org/\">Fire Safe Sonoma\u003c/a>, a nonprofit serving Sonoma County, forged a rare partnership with Sonoma County’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.habitat.org/\">Habitat for Humanity\u003c/a> chapter, using a county grant to retrofit the homes of older lower-income Sonoma residents so they could age more safely in place.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1968093,news_11844521,science_1968174\"]On a misty March afternoon, two fire assessors contracted by Fire Safe Sonoma surveyed Levy’s property. In a practiced routine, they circled her home and identified the most pressing fire risks: flammable shrubs and leaf debris; uncovered vents, eaves and gaps that could allow embers into the house; single-pane windows that could explode under extreme heat; and a heavily overgrown canopy of bay and Douglas fir trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levy still does some maintenance of her property, but the manual work gets harder with age. “I get out there with my weed eater, and me and the battery last about the same amount of time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire assessors worked radially out from the structure, first recommending home-hardening improvements, or fire-resistant modifications made directly to the house, and then suggesting ways to increase defensible space, the buffer zone between a home and combustible material like shrubs and trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The assessors made a list of more than a dozen safety upgrades, including removing leaf debris from the deck and roof, cutting down several trees to create separation in the canopy, and installing metal mesh over gaps in the house’s structure. But by design, Levy, who is retired, will not have to pay for any of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the destructive Tubbs Fire of 2017, Sonoma County received a $149 million settlement from PG&E, which was found at fault for the damages. Part of that settlement funds Fire Safe Sonoma’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.firesafesonoma.org/wfap-and-habitat-for-humanity/\">Wildland Fire Assessment Program\u003c/a>. But when Fire Safe Sonoma first rolled it out in 2021, it was a “self-defeating program,” said Roberta MacIntyre, Fire Safe Sonoma’s executive director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982606\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982606\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A man with a cap and a fluorescent yellow and black rain jacket points a flashlight during an inspection with trees in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildfire Services worker Brandon North inspects a unit on Occidental resident Shawn Connally’s property. \u003ccite>(Isaac Ceja/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We were going out to homes where residents are low-income and telling them what they need to do to make their home safer for wildfire when they have no money to do it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Very, very, very worried’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To be more useful, Fire Safe Sonoma collaborated with the local Sonoma Habitat affiliate to modify the county grant and revamp the program. Instead of providing free home assessments to a large number of homeowners, the revised program allocates the total grant award of $37,100 to 18 homes, with a budget of up to $2,500 per property. This way, Habitat Sonoma can carry out the recommended fire-safety improvements in tandem with aging-in-place modifications, all paid for by the county.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Andrew Scharlach, professor of aging, UC Berkeley\"]‘Rural and semi-rural communities, which are among the oldest in age in the state of California, tend to be some of the most vulnerable.’[/pullquote]A few weeks after the fire assessors’ survey, a team from Habitat will return to Monte Rio and work with Levy to identify needed improvements, such as grab bars, ramps and low-threshold showers, that will allow her to age at home for years to come. As a final step, the Habitat team will schedule a workday to carry out the improvements Levy needs, as well as home hardening — like replacing old windows with tempered glass — and defensible space, such as removing a combustible pile of firewood from her front porch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Megan Hennessy, program manager at Habitat Sonoma, sees firsthand how critical these repairs are for older residents, especially in the wake of three major fires in the last four years in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve noticed that the elderly homeowners are very, very, very worried about what would happen if a fire happens,” Hennessy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982603\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982603\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A middle aged white woman with shoulder-length blonde hair stands outside a house and looks into the distance with a mug of coffee in her hand.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shawn Connally stands in front of her home in Occidental. \u003ccite>(Isaac Ceja/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usfa.fema.gov/statistics/deaths-injuries/older-adults.html\">Adults over the age of 65 are more than twice as likely to die in a fire compared to the general population\u003c/a>, according to the U.S. Fire Administration. “Rural and semi-rural communities, which are among the oldest in age in the state of California, tend to be some of the most vulnerable,” said Andrew Scharlach, professor of aging at UC Berkeley. Older rural homeowners, particularly lower-income homeowners, are less able to make firesafe home improvements, move to a lower-risk area before a fire, and evacuate when a fire inevitably starts, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Connally, a 56-year-old resident of Occidental in Sonoma County, often worries about fire. She keeps her car backed in so she’s ready to evacuate at a moment’s notice. She has a go bag in her mudroom, packed with a small keepsake statue from New Zealand, two sets of salt and pepper shakers (selected from the hundreds she inherited from her grandmother), several family rings and her important paper documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982600\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982600\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Two man wearing caps smile with trees in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildfire Services lead Andrew Carrillo (left) and Brandon North work together to assess a home for fire safety in Monte Rio. \u003ccite>(Isaac Ceja/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Connally lives on a sprawling property shaded by towering trees and perched atop a steep, winding driveway. She used to maintain the overgrown brush on her property herself, but multiple sclerosis has made that impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I would try to do that, then it would probably knock me out for a couple of days,” she said. That’s why she is also taking part in the program led by Fire Safe Sonoma and Habitat for Humanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connally’s hope is that Fire Safe Sonoma and Habitat can add railings to the steep steps leading up to her house and down to her basement, as well as clear out the combustible vegetation that has accumulated around her property. The winding driveway presents a problem, too, because it would be difficult for a fire engine to navigate the narrow path. Habitat will aim to make her house as resilient as possible, so that even if firefighters can’t reach Connally’s home, it still has a good chance of surviving a fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>No sweat, no cost\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sonoma’s Habitat affiliate has been building and repairing homes for 35 years and has one of the more robust aging-in-place programs in California. Although Habitat affiliates across California facilitate aging-in-place work, the offerings of these programs vary widely, and many affiliates require beneficiaries to provide “sweat equity” in the form of labor or participate in a payback program. Habitat and Fire Safe Sonoma, on the other hand, are able to provide this work at no cost to the homeowner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982619\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982619\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447-800x641.jpg\" alt=\"A man rights on a checklist titled Wildland Fire Assessment Program\" width=\"800\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447-800x641.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447-1020x818.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447-768x616.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447-1536x1231.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447.jpg 1708w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildfire Services lead Andrew Carrillo fills out a home assessment checklist for the Wildland Fire Assessment Program in Occidental. \u003ccite>(Isaac Ceja/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2020–21, the California Legislature allocated $25 million to home hardening and defensible space, and appropriated an additional $25 million over the next two budget years. The California Office of Emergency Services then selected pilot counties with a high fire risk and other criteria, including proportion of the population over age 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the program has been slow to roll out, and homeowners are still waiting to receive grants and support. Until the state’s investment in fire safety materializes, local programs have to fill the gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the fire assessors dispatched by Fire Safe Sonoma looped around Levy’s house, she recalled her early years in California. At the age of 19, Levy left her job as a library assistant in her hometown of Philadelphia and came to San Francisco for the “Summer of Love” in 1967.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years later, she went camping near her current home on the Russian River and fell in love with the open expanse of land and cheap rents. There, she began working as a bookkeeper for a resource and referral agency for child care in Guerneville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growing up in the city, I always wanted a farm,” Levy said, reminiscing about the chickens she used to keep — until the raccoons gobbled them up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982598\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982598\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A man with a jacket and black cap points at something as an older white woman looks on.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andrew Carrillo points at trees he recommends removing to help improve fire safety outside Franceen Levy’s home. \u003ccite>(Isaac Ceja/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Levy’s chickens and cheap rent are in the rearview mirror. Now she has new things to worry about — namely, fire. Levy knows she has to live with that risk because she never wants to leave her bucolic setting. With her new home modifications, she expects to do just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reporter Kate Raphael and photographer Isaac Ceja are with the Investigative Reporting Program at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. They covered this story through a grant from The SCAN Foundation. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Nonprofits Fire Safe Sonoma and Habitat for Humanity forged a rare partnership to retrofit the homes of older lower-income Sonoma residents so they could age more safely in place in the county, where 20% of residents are over the age of 65.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846018,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1823},"headData":{"title":"Older Adults in Sonoma County to Get Fire-Safety Home Retrofits — for Free | KQED","description":"Nonprofits Fire Safe Sonoma and Habitat for Humanity forged a rare partnership to retrofit the homes of older lower-income Sonoma residents so they could age more safely in place in the county, where 20% of residents are over the age of 65.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://journalism.berkeley.edu/person/kate_raphael/\">Kate Raphael\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982594/older-adults-in-sonoma-county-to-get-fire-safety-home-retrofits-for-free","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In August 2020, the Walbridge Fire was spreading dangerously close to Franceen Levy’s home in Monte Rio, a town nestled in a bend of Sonoma County’s Russian River. Just a few miles north, Armstrong Woods was already burning, and across the street, Levy’s neighbor was about to hightail it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally, I don’t evacuate,” said Levy, who lives alone at age 76. “I didn’t evacuate during any of the other fires or floods.” She stayed in her house in 1986 and 2019 when the Russian River turned her neighborhood into an island. She stayed in 2017 when the Tubbs Fire ravaged nearby Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the first time in the 25 years she has lived in her Monte Rio house, Levy grabbed her two cats and drove to a hotel room in Bodega Bay. She sheltered there for two days before returning to her home, which survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982596\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982596\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"An older white woman with boots, jeans and jacket sits on the front steps leading to the porch of her house as she looks at the camera with a sullen expression.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment001-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Franceen Levy sits on the steps outside her home in Monte Rio in Sonoma County, on March 13, 2023. \u003ccite>(Isaac Ceja/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite the risk of fire, Levy intends to continue aging in her home, and she is far from the only one. In fire-prone Sonoma County, 20% of residents are over the age of 65, a higher proportion than the state average of 15%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the youngest baby boomers reach retirement age in the next decade, the entire nation will mirror Sonoma County’s population of older adults, most of whom will want to age in their homes. But without home modifications, they will be forced to leave their communities and enter nursing homes and retirement facilities. And in places like Sonoma County, where forests cut through and around many towns, the dangers of wildfire are especially great for older people, who are less mobile and more likely to die in a fire. To mitigate that threat, \u003ca href=\"https://www.firesafesonoma.org/\">Fire Safe Sonoma\u003c/a>, a nonprofit serving Sonoma County, forged a rare partnership with Sonoma County’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.habitat.org/\">Habitat for Humanity\u003c/a> chapter, using a county grant to retrofit the homes of older lower-income Sonoma residents so they could age more safely in place.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"science_1968093,news_11844521,science_1968174"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On a misty March afternoon, two fire assessors contracted by Fire Safe Sonoma surveyed Levy’s property. In a practiced routine, they circled her home and identified the most pressing fire risks: flammable shrubs and leaf debris; uncovered vents, eaves and gaps that could allow embers into the house; single-pane windows that could explode under extreme heat; and a heavily overgrown canopy of bay and Douglas fir trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levy still does some maintenance of her property, but the manual work gets harder with age. “I get out there with my weed eater, and me and the battery last about the same amount of time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire assessors worked radially out from the structure, first recommending home-hardening improvements, or fire-resistant modifications made directly to the house, and then suggesting ways to increase defensible space, the buffer zone between a home and combustible material like shrubs and trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The assessors made a list of more than a dozen safety upgrades, including removing leaf debris from the deck and roof, cutting down several trees to create separation in the canopy, and installing metal mesh over gaps in the house’s structure. But by design, Levy, who is retired, will not have to pay for any of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the destructive Tubbs Fire of 2017, Sonoma County received a $149 million settlement from PG&E, which was found at fault for the damages. Part of that settlement funds Fire Safe Sonoma’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.firesafesonoma.org/wfap-and-habitat-for-humanity/\">Wildland Fire Assessment Program\u003c/a>. But when Fire Safe Sonoma first rolled it out in 2021, it was a “self-defeating program,” said Roberta MacIntyre, Fire Safe Sonoma’s executive director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982606\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982606\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A man with a cap and a fluorescent yellow and black rain jacket points a flashlight during an inspection with trees in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment011-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildfire Services worker Brandon North inspects a unit on Occidental resident Shawn Connally’s property. \u003ccite>(Isaac Ceja/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We were going out to homes where residents are low-income and telling them what they need to do to make their home safer for wildfire when they have no money to do it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Very, very, very worried’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To be more useful, Fire Safe Sonoma collaborated with the local Sonoma Habitat affiliate to modify the county grant and revamp the program. Instead of providing free home assessments to a large number of homeowners, the revised program allocates the total grant award of $37,100 to 18 homes, with a budget of up to $2,500 per property. This way, Habitat Sonoma can carry out the recommended fire-safety improvements in tandem with aging-in-place modifications, all paid for by the county.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Rural and semi-rural communities, which are among the oldest in age in the state of California, tend to be some of the most vulnerable.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Andrew Scharlach, professor of aging, UC Berkeley","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A few weeks after the fire assessors’ survey, a team from Habitat will return to Monte Rio and work with Levy to identify needed improvements, such as grab bars, ramps and low-threshold showers, that will allow her to age at home for years to come. As a final step, the Habitat team will schedule a workday to carry out the improvements Levy needs, as well as home hardening — like replacing old windows with tempered glass — and defensible space, such as removing a combustible pile of firewood from her front porch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Megan Hennessy, program manager at Habitat Sonoma, sees firsthand how critical these repairs are for older residents, especially in the wake of three major fires in the last four years in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve noticed that the elderly homeowners are very, very, very worried about what would happen if a fire happens,” Hennessy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982603\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982603\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A middle aged white woman with shoulder-length blonde hair stands outside a house and looks into the distance with a mug of coffee in her hand.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment008-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shawn Connally stands in front of her home in Occidental. \u003ccite>(Isaac Ceja/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usfa.fema.gov/statistics/deaths-injuries/older-adults.html\">Adults over the age of 65 are more than twice as likely to die in a fire compared to the general population\u003c/a>, according to the U.S. Fire Administration. “Rural and semi-rural communities, which are among the oldest in age in the state of California, tend to be some of the most vulnerable,” said Andrew Scharlach, professor of aging at UC Berkeley. Older rural homeowners, particularly lower-income homeowners, are less able to make firesafe home improvements, move to a lower-risk area before a fire, and evacuate when a fire inevitably starts, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Connally, a 56-year-old resident of Occidental in Sonoma County, often worries about fire. She keeps her car backed in so she’s ready to evacuate at a moment’s notice. She has a go bag in her mudroom, packed with a small keepsake statue from New Zealand, two sets of salt and pepper shakers (selected from the hundreds she inherited from her grandmother), several family rings and her important paper documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982600\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982600\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Two man wearing caps smile with trees in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment005-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildfire Services lead Andrew Carrillo (left) and Brandon North work together to assess a home for fire safety in Monte Rio. \u003ccite>(Isaac Ceja/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Connally lives on a sprawling property shaded by towering trees and perched atop a steep, winding driveway. She used to maintain the overgrown brush on her property herself, but multiple sclerosis has made that impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I would try to do that, then it would probably knock me out for a couple of days,” she said. That’s why she is also taking part in the program led by Fire Safe Sonoma and Habitat for Humanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connally’s hope is that Fire Safe Sonoma and Habitat can add railings to the steep steps leading up to her house and down to her basement, as well as clear out the combustible vegetation that has accumulated around her property. The winding driveway presents a problem, too, because it would be difficult for a fire engine to navigate the narrow path. Habitat will aim to make her house as resilient as possible, so that even if firefighters can’t reach Connally’s home, it still has a good chance of surviving a fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>No sweat, no cost\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sonoma’s Habitat affiliate has been building and repairing homes for 35 years and has one of the more robust aging-in-place programs in California. Although Habitat affiliates across California facilitate aging-in-place work, the offerings of these programs vary widely, and many affiliates require beneficiaries to provide “sweat equity” in the form of labor or participate in a payback program. Habitat and Fire Safe Sonoma, on the other hand, are able to provide this work at no cost to the homeowner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982619\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982619\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447-800x641.jpg\" alt=\"A man rights on a checklist titled Wildland Fire Assessment Program\" width=\"800\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447-800x641.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447-1020x818.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447-768x616.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447-1536x1231.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2050/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment010-scaled-e1683325745447.jpg 1708w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildfire Services lead Andrew Carrillo fills out a home assessment checklist for the Wildland Fire Assessment Program in Occidental. \u003ccite>(Isaac Ceja/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2020–21, the California Legislature allocated $25 million to home hardening and defensible space, and appropriated an additional $25 million over the next two budget years. The California Office of Emergency Services then selected pilot counties with a high fire risk and other criteria, including proportion of the population over age 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the program has been slow to roll out, and homeowners are still waiting to receive grants and support. Until the state’s investment in fire safety materializes, local programs have to fill the gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the fire assessors dispatched by Fire Safe Sonoma looped around Levy’s house, she recalled her early years in California. At the age of 19, Levy left her job as a library assistant in her hometown of Philadelphia and came to San Francisco for the “Summer of Love” in 1967.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years later, she went camping near her current home on the Russian River and fell in love with the open expanse of land and cheap rents. There, she began working as a bookkeeper for a resource and referral agency for child care in Guerneville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growing up in the city, I always wanted a farm,” Levy said, reminiscing about the chickens she used to keep — until the raccoons gobbled them up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982598\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982598\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A man with a jacket and black cap points at something as an older white woman looks on.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/05/Sonoma_Fire_Assessment003-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andrew Carrillo points at trees he recommends removing to help improve fire safety outside Franceen Levy’s home. \u003ccite>(Isaac Ceja/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Levy’s chickens and cheap rent are in the rearview mirror. Now she has new things to worry about — namely, fire. Levy knows she has to live with that risk because she never wants to leave her bucolic setting. With her new home modifications, she expects to do just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reporter Kate Raphael and photographer Isaac Ceja are with the Investigative Reporting Program at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. They covered this story through a grant from The SCAN Foundation. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982594/older-adults-in-sonoma-county-to-get-fire-safety-home-retrofits-for-free","authors":["byline_science_1982594"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_3730"],"tags":["science_4877","science_112","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1982602","label":"science"},"science_1982486":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1982486","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1982486","score":null,"sort":[1682938828000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"big-wildfires-devastate-californias-fish-but-they-thrive-with-frequent-small-burns","title":"Big Wildfires Can Devastate California’s Fish. But They Thrive With Frequent, Small Burns","publishDate":1682938828,"format":"image","headTitle":"Big Wildfires Can Devastate California’s Fish. But They Thrive With Frequent, Small Burns | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>It’s ingrained in the minds of many fish biologists and conservationists — and many more members of the public — that fire is a destructive force. When fire burns an area, that will be bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a burgeoning area of research shows that wildfires can stimulate growth and abundance in freshwater creeks and rivers — particularly low- to moderate-severity fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t have a good grasp of what’s going on with fire, there’s no way we can manage for things like fish, for people, for communities or anything, really,” said Lenya Quinn-Davidson, director of the University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources’ Fire Network, addressing a crowd gathered for a healthy fire and fish workshop at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calsalmon.org/conferences/40th-annual-salmonid-restoration-conference\">40th Annual Salmonid Restoration Conference\u003c/a> last week in Fortuna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crowd, composed primarily of fish devotees from nonprofits, regulatory agencies and universities, had gathered to spend the day discussing how the fates of fire and California’s beloved charismatic aquafauna are intertwined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future of fire is the future of fish,” said Quinn-Davidson.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Frequent burning and abundant life\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fires can help fish by killing off some trees, leaving fewer straws in the ground and thus more water to flow in streams and rivers. Fires can also improve the quality of fish habitat by providing a little disturbance in the watershed: A little turbidity can make it easier for small fish to hide from other fish or birds that want to eat them; more erosion can mean more rocks and gravel in the stream, useful for spawning; and bigger rocks and downed logs in the water can help create pools and riffles, which help with feeding and hiding. And smoke can dramatically cool down land and water temperatures, a benefit as most California native river fish like cold water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most frequently burned watersheds in the Sierra Nevada (likely because they are remote and hard to access) have something in common: The fish seem to thrive with the fire. That was a striking finding from a study commissioned by Congress involving several research teams in the 1990s to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/6664\">evaluate the health of the Sierra Nevada\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Skinner, retired research geographer with the U.S. Forest Service, was part of that research group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was interesting is that there were aquatic biologists that were studying these creeks also, independent of us,” he said, referring to Deer Creek and Mill Creek, “and they determined that these watersheds contained an intact native fish and amphibian fauna.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the life in these streams were doing great. They were operating naturally, as they would have prior to the colonization of California by Europeans and the rapid development of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112705000599\">2005 study of fish and fire\u003c/a> in Idaho by Bureau of Land Management researcher Timothy Burton found that “even in the most severely impacted streams, habitat conditions and trout populations improved dramatically within 5-10 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floods that followed fires “rejuvenated stream habits” by delivering fine sediments and large amounts of gravel, cobble, woody debris and nutrients that resulted in “higher fish productivities than before the fire,” the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Severe fire prompts a devastating fish kill\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The link between fish and fire is not always beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Severe fires, especially with the big debris flows that can follow when rains come, can kill large numbers of fish. Last August the McKinney Fire prompted a devastating fish kill along 50 miles of the Klamath River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982489\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982489\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Image shows the conditions of the Klamath River post McKinney fire, which promoted a large fish kill\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Klamath River runs brown with mud after flash floods hit the McKinney Fire in the Klamath National Forest near Yreka. \u003ccite>(David McNew/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of a combo of worst-case scenarios,” said Toz Soto, fisheries program manager for the Karuk Tribe. “I’ve lived in the Klamath my entire life, and I’ve seen a lot of fires and I’ve seen a lot of debris flows and flood effects and things of this sort. But we’ve never experienced anything quite like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McKinney Fire, which took the lives of four people, broke out in steep territory in a dry area of the mid-Klamath mountains and burned fast and hot, driven by winds. Within days, isolated heavy rains dumped over the burn scar, releasing enormous amounts of mud and rock into the river. The flow of the Klamath River, as measured by a stream gauge, doubled within a matter of hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soto said he first noticed a change in the sound of the river. “The rapids weren’t making any noise — they were gurgling, but they weren’t roaring,” he said. “The white water wasn’t white. Things were different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extremely muddy, “eerily quiet” water saw big drops in its oxygen content, “pretty much down to zero,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it’s that low, Soto said, “you might as well just throw the fish up on the bank.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soto worries that as climate change accelerates the intensity of wildfires and rainstorms, these sorts of events will become more common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982490\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982490 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"A man with orange bibs hangs over the side of a boat collecting large dead fish from the river. \" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-800x525.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-768x504.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-1536x1008.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-2048x1344.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-1920x1260.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yurok tribe member Thomas Willson of Weitchpec fishes on the Klamath River within Yurok tribal lands in this 2008 photograph. \u003ccite>(Michael Macor/The San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there are solutions. Traditional Indigenous knowledge points to the value of using fire to stave off the worst wildfires and to promote health in the forests and aquatic ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we want healthy water for salmon or for drinking or for planting fruits and vegetables, we need to take care of our forest,” said Margo Robbins, Yurok tribal member and executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.culturalfire.org/\">Cultural Fire Management Council\u003c/a>, “and the most efficient, most cost-effective way to take care of the forest is with fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s critical for us as Native people to restore those things back into a healthy state,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, she stressed, everyone has a role: “It’s critical for non-Native people to also take their part in restoring the land to a healthy state, too.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A burgeoning area of research shows that wildfires can stimulate growth and abundance in freshwater creeks and rivers — particularly low- to moderate-severity fires.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846027,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1052},"headData":{"title":"Big Wildfires Can Devastate California’s Fish. But They Thrive With Frequent, Small Burns | KQED","description":"A burgeoning area of research shows that wildfires can stimulate growth and abundance in freshwater creeks and rivers — particularly low- to moderate-severity fires.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Wildfire ","sticky":false,"subhead":"What's good for forest health and fire safety is also good for fish","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982486/big-wildfires-devastate-californias-fish-but-they-thrive-with-frequent-small-burns","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s ingrained in the minds of many fish biologists and conservationists — and many more members of the public — that fire is a destructive force. When fire burns an area, that will be bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a burgeoning area of research shows that wildfires can stimulate growth and abundance in freshwater creeks and rivers — particularly low- to moderate-severity fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t have a good grasp of what’s going on with fire, there’s no way we can manage for things like fish, for people, for communities or anything, really,” said Lenya Quinn-Davidson, director of the University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources’ Fire Network, addressing a crowd gathered for a healthy fire and fish workshop at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calsalmon.org/conferences/40th-annual-salmonid-restoration-conference\">40th Annual Salmonid Restoration Conference\u003c/a> last week in Fortuna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crowd, composed primarily of fish devotees from nonprofits, regulatory agencies and universities, had gathered to spend the day discussing how the fates of fire and California’s beloved charismatic aquafauna are intertwined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future of fire is the future of fish,” said Quinn-Davidson.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Frequent burning and abundant life\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fires can help fish by killing off some trees, leaving fewer straws in the ground and thus more water to flow in streams and rivers. Fires can also improve the quality of fish habitat by providing a little disturbance in the watershed: A little turbidity can make it easier for small fish to hide from other fish or birds that want to eat them; more erosion can mean more rocks and gravel in the stream, useful for spawning; and bigger rocks and downed logs in the water can help create pools and riffles, which help with feeding and hiding. And smoke can dramatically cool down land and water temperatures, a benefit as most California native river fish like cold water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most frequently burned watersheds in the Sierra Nevada (likely because they are remote and hard to access) have something in common: The fish seem to thrive with the fire. That was a striking finding from a study commissioned by Congress involving several research teams in the 1990s to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/6664\">evaluate the health of the Sierra Nevada\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Skinner, retired research geographer with the U.S. Forest Service, was part of that research group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was interesting is that there were aquatic biologists that were studying these creeks also, independent of us,” he said, referring to Deer Creek and Mill Creek, “and they determined that these watersheds contained an intact native fish and amphibian fauna.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the life in these streams were doing great. They were operating naturally, as they would have prior to the colonization of California by Europeans and the rapid development of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112705000599\">2005 study of fish and fire\u003c/a> in Idaho by Bureau of Land Management researcher Timothy Burton found that “even in the most severely impacted streams, habitat conditions and trout populations improved dramatically within 5-10 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floods that followed fires “rejuvenated stream habits” by delivering fine sediments and large amounts of gravel, cobble, woody debris and nutrients that resulted in “higher fish productivities than before the fire,” the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Severe fire prompts a devastating fish kill\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The link between fish and fire is not always beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Severe fires, especially with the big debris flows that can follow when rains come, can kill large numbers of fish. Last August the McKinney Fire prompted a devastating fish kill along 50 miles of the Klamath River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982489\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1982489\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Image shows the conditions of the Klamath River post McKinney fire, which promoted a large fish kill\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1242292458-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Klamath River runs brown with mud after flash floods hit the McKinney Fire in the Klamath National Forest near Yreka. \u003ccite>(David McNew/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of a combo of worst-case scenarios,” said Toz Soto, fisheries program manager for the Karuk Tribe. “I’ve lived in the Klamath my entire life, and I’ve seen a lot of fires and I’ve seen a lot of debris flows and flood effects and things of this sort. But we’ve never experienced anything quite like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McKinney Fire, which took the lives of four people, broke out in steep territory in a dry area of the mid-Klamath mountains and burned fast and hot, driven by winds. Within days, isolated heavy rains dumped over the burn scar, releasing enormous amounts of mud and rock into the river. The flow of the Klamath River, as measured by a stream gauge, doubled within a matter of hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soto said he first noticed a change in the sound of the river. “The rapids weren’t making any noise — they were gurgling, but they weren’t roaring,” he said. “The white water wasn’t white. Things were different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extremely muddy, “eerily quiet” water saw big drops in its oxygen content, “pretty much down to zero,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it’s that low, Soto said, “you might as well just throw the fish up on the bank.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soto worries that as climate change accelerates the intensity of wildfires and rainstorms, these sorts of events will become more common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982490\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982490 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"A man with orange bibs hangs over the side of a boat collecting large dead fish from the river. \" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-800x525.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-768x504.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-1536x1008.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-2048x1344.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913919-1920x1260.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yurok tribe member Thomas Willson of Weitchpec fishes on the Klamath River within Yurok tribal lands in this 2008 photograph. \u003ccite>(Michael Macor/The San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there are solutions. Traditional Indigenous knowledge points to the value of using fire to stave off the worst wildfires and to promote health in the forests and aquatic ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we want healthy water for salmon or for drinking or for planting fruits and vegetables, we need to take care of our forest,” said Margo Robbins, Yurok tribal member and executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.culturalfire.org/\">Cultural Fire Management Council\u003c/a>, “and the most efficient, most cost-effective way to take care of the forest is with fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s critical for us as Native people to restore those things back into a healthy state,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, she stressed, everyone has a role: “It’s critical for non-Native people to also take their part in restoring the land to a healthy state, too.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982486/big-wildfires-devastate-californias-fish-but-they-thrive-with-frequent-small-burns","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_2874","science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_98","science_3730"],"tags":["science_5178","science_192","science_4417","science_112","science_248","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1982488","label":"source_science_1982486"},"science_1982166":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1982166","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1982166","score":null,"sort":[1680872451000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-epa-wants-cleaner-air-but-fire-experts-worry-new-rule-risks-making-it-worse","title":"Here's Why Wildfire Experts Are Worried About an EPA Plan for Cleaner Air","publishDate":1680872451,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Here’s Why Wildfire Experts Are Worried About an EPA Plan for Cleaner Air | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Few laws have been as successful, or saved the United States as much money, as the \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL30853\">Clean Air Act (PDF)\u003c/a>. First enacted in 1955, the act was a response to alarming disasters like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5922205/\">Donora Smog\u003c/a> of 1948 in Western Pennsylvania and 1952’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-london-20615186\">Great Smog of London\u003c/a>, where thick dirty air from factories and vehicles enveloped communities for days and caused widespread deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress intended for the act to be frequently reevaluated and, if necessary, updated. The Environmental Protection Agency sets legal limits for how much pollution air districts are allowed to let into the air. Currently, the EPA is proposing tightening the standard for tiny particulates floating in the air, originating from motors, engines and fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Updating and tightening the standard is very popular among public health professionals, air regulators and the environmental justice community, who point to a mountain of evidence that this pollution takes lives early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta, along \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/2023-03-28%20AGO%20Coalition%20-%20PM%20NAAQS%20Comment%20Letter.pdf\">with 17 other attorneys general, also supports limit tightening (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the environmental justice community, concerned about the disproportionate air pollution burden that many lower-income communities and communities of color live with, would like to see standards tightened even further. In California, that’s especially true in the San Joaquin Valley and the South Coast Air Basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should have had lowered standards years ago. It’s a relief to see it now being proposed,” said Genevieve Amsalem, research and policy director at the Central California Environmental Justice Network. “Any time that you lower that standard, you’re going to be saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She considers bad air the region’s biggest environmental public health threat, one that especially affects communities of color.[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Genevieve Amsalem, research and policy director, Central California Environmental Justice Network\"]‘Everyone knows a parent who has brought their baby, or their 2-year-old, into the ER because they couldn’t breathe. You know, the baby’s turning blue. It’s a story you hear across generations.’[/pullquote]“Everyone knows a parent who has brought their baby, or their 2-year-old, into the ER because they couldn’t breathe. You know, the baby’s turning blue,” Amsalem said. “It’s a story you hear across generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data backs up this impression: Counties in the San Joaquin Valley consistently have among the \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/dirty-air-and-disasters-sending-kids-to-the-er-for-asthma/\">worst rates of childhood asthma\u003c/a> in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are worries among the fire science community that the EPA’s proposed rule could have its opposite intended effect. They worry it may leave the state with ultimately worse air in the long run by stifling the use of prescribed fire. The ultimate outcome will affect everyone living in California and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wildfire is really challenging the paradigm that is at the core of the Clean Air Act — that emissions can be controlled,” said Michael Wara, an energy and climate scholar at Stanford University in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA1wg9yzGxM&t=32s\">a presentation to students and researchers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wildfire emissions are not being successfully controlled. They’re growing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act was written during a time when smokestack air pollution was the key problem standing in the way of healthy air, and the U.S. Forest Service could seemingly put any wildfire out by \u003ca href=\"https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/fire-u-s-forest-service/u-s-forest-service-fire-suppression/#:~:text=In%201935%2C%20the%20Forest%20Service,eliminate%20fire%20from%20the%20landscape.\">10 a.m. the next day\u003c/a>. All over the country, wildfires bent more or less easily to the will of firefighters, and the big sources of pollution could be regulated at the emission’s source. But that was a different climate reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Clean air keeps people out of hospitals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Today, with \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44840/4\">emissions from the worst pollutants down by more than 70% (PDF)\u003c/a>, the EPA estimates \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1990-2020-second-prospective-study#:~:text=In%202020%2C%20the%20Clean%20Air,reductions%20in%20ambient%20particulate%20matter\">the Clean Air Act saves 230,000 lives annually\u003c/a> and hundreds of thousands more from asthma, bronchitis and heart attacks. Public health experts estimate the benefits of all these lives saved and hospital visits avoided into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1970-1990-study-design-and-summary-results\">many trillions of dollars\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires are now a major producer of both carbon emissions and tiny specks of sooty pollutants known as PM 2.5. A 2022 study from the National Center for Atmospheric Research found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29623-8\">wildfire pollution was beginning to reverse decades of clean air gains\u003c/a>. (Researchers at Stanford in 2020 had \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/content/qt5134m9d8/qt5134m9d8.pdf?t=qpc4ro\">similar findings [PDF]\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA’s plan would update its standard for PM 2.5.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"air-quality\"]Shorthand for “particulate matter of 2.5 microns in size or less,” PM 2.5 is a class of pollutants based on dimensions rather than origin or chemical makeup. It would take about 30 of them lined up to cross the width of a human hair. It’s their size that’s the key problem: It allows them to get deep into the lungs and even cross into the bloodstream, causing heart and respiratory problems. In short, it’s a terrible pollutant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public comment on the proposal closed late last month, and the EPA is now deciding whether and how to implement revisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA estimates \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/epa-researchers-contribute-american-thoracic-society-workshop-report-wildland-fire\">a third of the PM 2.5 we breathe in this country is from wildfires\u003c/a>. For those in the West during wildfire season, it can be 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if wildfire trends continue and worsen, as climate models suggest they will, then we’ve seen nothing yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To avoid the worst outcomes, Wara of Stanford points to the need to dramatically increase the use of prescribed fire in pyro-adapted landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the best hopes that we have for reducing public health impacts from wildfire and [general] impacts from wildfire have to do with substituting prescribed fire emission for high-intensity wildfire emission,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The rub: Wildfire smoke vs. prescribed fire smoke\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The EPA enforces its clean air standards. If air districts do not achieve these clean-air goals, then the EPA can take over air permitting within a district and even impose a ban on new federal highway grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, EPA officials recognize that sometimes air districts are out of compliance through no fault of their own. In this case, they are allowed to file for an “exceptional event.” In this bureaucratic process, the “event” is linked to the cause of pollution going over the legal limit. It is meant for events that are unforeseeable and are unlikely to occur in the same location again, like a volcanic explosion. If the link can be made, then emissions from that event can be subtracted from the total, and the air district is no longer in trouble with the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To use an analogy, if you couldn’t pay off your credit card bill some month because you had an unforeseen emergency expense, this would be the process by which you might convince the credit card company to waive that charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1970817\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1970817\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view shows neighborhoods enshrouded in smoke as the Bobcat Fire advances toward foothill cities and new evacuation order go into effect on September 13, 2020 in Monrovia, California.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows neighborhoods in Monrovia enshrouded in smoke from the Bobcat Fire on Sept. 13, 2020. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is a long, technically involved process. A California Air Resources Board (CARB) \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2021-11/2020_Northern_California_EE_Full_Demo_Final.pdf\">exceptional events filing (PDF)\u003c/a> for ozone concentrations during the Northern California wildfires of 2020 runs 228 pages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, as seen by many in the wildfire science community, is that while this process essentially means air districts are not on the hook for wildfire smoke, they are on the hook for prescribed fire smoke. And prescribed fire — the most affordable, effective inoculation against future wildfires — has never been used as a basis for an exceptional event in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fire scientists and those in fire agencies worry this new rule will stifle the state and federal plans to expand the use of prescribed fire as a core strategy to stem out-of-control wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got to start doing larger prescribed burns if we want to make a difference to what is actually happening on our landscape,” said Scott Stephens, fire science professor at UC Berkeley. “That just means there’s going to be more smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pro-prescribed-fire groups, including the National Association of Forest Service Retirees, have \u003ca href=\"https://nafsr.org/advocacy/2023/031023%20NAFSR%20response%20to%20EPA%20PM2.5%20rule%20change.pdf\">submitted comments detailing their concern (PDF)\u003c/a> that the proposed rule “will reduce the Nation’s ability to implement strategies intended to reduce unwanted wildfire effects on communities and wildlands, including barriers to increasing the pace and scale of prescribed burning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976585\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1998px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1976585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f.jpg\" alt=\"A firefighter lights a prescribed burn in Humboldt County to reduce the underbrush without killing trees.\" width=\"1998\" height=\"1499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f.jpg 1998w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1998px) 100vw, 1998px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prescribed burns, like this one in Humboldt County, reduce the underbrush without destroying trees. \u003ccite>(Lenya Quinn-Davidson/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A large group of fire specialists, including professors, cultural burners and ecologists, wrote in a comment letter to the EPA that its plan “would put the EPA on the wrong side of policies and actions planned by federal, state, local and Tribal entities to address the wildfire crisis and ultimately, to reduce harmful PM2.5 emissions and impacts by reducing wildfire smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from prescribed fires is less intense and less damaging than smoke from wildfires. Many scientists view it as \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/policy-advocacy/healthy-air-campaign/prescribed-fire-report#:~:text=Prescribed%20burns%20can%20be%20used,supporting%20ecosystem%20health%20and%20resiliency.\">a protective trade-off\u003c/a> — some pollution now in exchange for greater fire safety (and less pollution) in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Air districts supportive, with qualifications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Both the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/carb-statement-us-epa-proposal-strengthen-health-based-standards-fine-particulate-matter\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2023/pmnaaqs_230105_2023_001-pdf.pdf?la=en\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District (PDF)\u003c/a> have submitted comments supporting a tightening of the PM 2.5 standard. In interviews with KQED, regulators from both organizations also expressed support for prescribed burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Knoderer, meteorologist at BAAQMD, said that the air district views prescribed burning as a partner and ally in lowering the risk of wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can control when they’re doing the burning and we can minimize the amount of smoke that’s released,” he said. “Wildfires will put out a ton more smoke, and at that point there’s really no controlling it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Bay Area nor California air regulators seem to share the worries of the fire community that the EPA will hamper the increased use of prescribed fire, however.[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Charles Knoderer, meteorologist, Bay Area Air Quality Management District\"]‘We can control when they’re doing the burning and we can minimize the amount of smoke that’s released. Wildfires will put out a ton more smoke, and at that point there’s really no controlling it.’[/pullquote]Edie Chang, deputy executive officer at CARB, said her agency has heard from the prescribed-fire community and has brought up the issue in comments to the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see how we can streamline or make suggestions for how EPA might modify their policies or their guidance to help us be able to balance the increased use of prescribed fire that we need for forest management, for managing and reducing the catastrophic wildfires that we experience in California,” said Chang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She expressed hope that the rule’s implementation phase, which it now heads into, would be the time for nitty-gritty details to be worked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though they can be expunged from the data, residents are still feeling [the effects of wildfire] very much so,” said Amsalem, of the Central California Environmental Justice Network. She hopes agencies will work out this issue, she said, “because we do need to do more prescribed burning to reduce the catastrophic events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>EPA’s proposed workaround leaves burners skeptical\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The EPA also seems aware of these concerns. In its proposed rule, it says it acknowledges stakeholder concerns about the importance of prescribed fire and intends to work with stakeholders to address these issues. It also says \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-08/documents/ee_prescribed_fire_final_guidance_-_august_2019.pdf\">prescribed fires have the potential to qualify for exceptional events (PDF)\u003c/a>, which could encourage their continued and expanded use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, this has environmental lawyers very concerned. Sara Clark of the law firm Shute, Mihaly and Weinberger works with nonprofit organizations and supports prescribed fire and Indigenous cultural burners. She thinks the EPA’s reasoning as written might not hold up under a judge’s evaluation.[aside label=\"More Stories\" tag=\"prescribed-burning\"]“[The EPA] does a lot of linguistic acrobatics to try and clarify how a prescribed fire is … not reasonably preventable or controllable. But it’s called a ‘controlled burn,’” said Clark. “I’m concerned about the legal underpinnings there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also believes that the time and technical expertise needed to file for an exceptional event exemption would make air regulators wary of using it. Extensive documentation and analysis is needed to submit for an exceptional events determination from CARB or the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent Government Accountability Office report echoes these concerns. The report says \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-23-104723.pdf\">the EPA could do a better job working with other agencies to reduce impacts from wildfires (PDF)\u003c/a>, including making it easier to conduct prescribed fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stakeholders interviewed by the GAO said that state and local agencies aren’t likely to use the exceptional events provision for prescribed burns because “the agencies would not likely approve prescribed burns that could cause National Ambient Air Quality Standards exceedances in the first place.” And they said that “exceptional event demonstrations are technically complicated and resource intensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put another way, it’s more likely that prescribed burns would never happen if air regulators thought they might have to file for an exceptional event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also legally uncharted, or nearly uncharted, territory. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-23-104723.pdf\">The EPA has received only one exceptional events demonstration for a prescribed burn (PDF)\u003c/a> — too much ozone was associated with prescribed burns in the Flint Hills of Kansas in December 2012. But since then, no tribal, state or local agency has submitted an exceptional event demonstration for a prescribed burn, according to EPA officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should wildfires be considered exceptional?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The EPA’s proposed rule is based in part on the recommendations of the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, a collection of public health experts. In their \u003ca href=\"https://www.lawandenvironment.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2022/03/casac-review-of-the-epas-policy-assessment-for-the-reconsideration-of-the-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-for-particulate-matter-external-review-draft-october-2021.pdf?utm_source=mondaq&utm_medium=syndication&utm_content=inarticlelink&utm_campaign=article\">letter sent last spring to EPA administrator Michael Regan (PDF)\u003c/a>, they questioned whether even wildfires ought to be routinely considered exceptional events, considering they are the result of human-caused climate change, fire suppression and forest management policies and, often, problems with equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some parts of the country, wildfires are no longer ‘exceptional’ The dramatic increase in wildfires over the last decade is not natural,” the authors write, pointing to forest management, climate change and utility power lines. “These are (in theory) at least partially controllable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In UC Berkeley’s Stephens’ view, the rule as proposed is an unacceptable passing of the buck.[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Scott Stephens, fire science professor, UC Berkeley\"]‘If you do proactive work like prescribed burning, you have to justify it through a rule that is onerous. But if a wildfire is occurring, causing damage to people, burning down homes, no one’s accountable. I just don’t see how that can work.’[/pullquote]“If you do proactive work like prescribed burning, you have to justify it through a rule that is onerous,” he said. “But if a wildfire is occurring, causing damage to people, burning down homes, no one’s accountable. I just don’t see how that can work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, for those affected by the worst air quality in the state, pollution is damaging whether it’s from a diesel engine, a prescribed fire or a catastrophic wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people interviewed for this story said they hope that as the EPA decides how to implement the rule over the course of this year, it will find a route that both protects public health from human-made sources like smokestacks and tailpipes and encourages proactive wildfire protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key decision is going to be what happens in the U.S. EPA, PM 2.5 rulemaking. It’s really going to set the course for what is allowed or not allowed on the part of air districts over the next five to 10 years,” said Stanford’s Wara. He hopes for a path that can support both priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if we just act as if it’s the year 2000 or sometime in the 1990s or even 1970 and the U.S. Forest Service reigned supreme over wildfire in the West?” he said. “We are not going to get this outcome.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The EPA is planning to tighten standards within the Clean Air Act, but a difference in how wildfire and prescribed fire smoke are accounted for could lead to perverse incentives.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846055,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":53,"wordCount":2766},"headData":{"title":"Here's Why Wildfire Experts Are Worried About an EPA Plan for Cleaner Air | KQED","description":"The EPA is planning to tighten standards within the Clean Air Act, but a difference in how wildfire and prescribed fire smoke are accounted for could lead to perverse incentives.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"subhead":"The EPA is planning to tighten standards within the Clean Air Act, but a difference in how wildfire and prescribed fire smoke is accounted for could lead to perverse incentives.","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982166/the-epa-wants-cleaner-air-but-fire-experts-worry-new-rule-risks-making-it-worse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Few laws have been as successful, or saved the United States as much money, as the \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL30853\">Clean Air Act (PDF)\u003c/a>. First enacted in 1955, the act was a response to alarming disasters like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5922205/\">Donora Smog\u003c/a> of 1948 in Western Pennsylvania and 1952’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-london-20615186\">Great Smog of London\u003c/a>, where thick dirty air from factories and vehicles enveloped communities for days and caused widespread deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress intended for the act to be frequently reevaluated and, if necessary, updated. The Environmental Protection Agency sets legal limits for how much pollution air districts are allowed to let into the air. Currently, the EPA is proposing tightening the standard for tiny particulates floating in the air, originating from motors, engines and fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Updating and tightening the standard is very popular among public health professionals, air regulators and the environmental justice community, who point to a mountain of evidence that this pollution takes lives early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta, along \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/2023-03-28%20AGO%20Coalition%20-%20PM%20NAAQS%20Comment%20Letter.pdf\">with 17 other attorneys general, also supports limit tightening (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the environmental justice community, concerned about the disproportionate air pollution burden that many lower-income communities and communities of color live with, would like to see standards tightened even further. In California, that’s especially true in the San Joaquin Valley and the South Coast Air Basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should have had lowered standards years ago. It’s a relief to see it now being proposed,” said Genevieve Amsalem, research and policy director at the Central California Environmental Justice Network. “Any time that you lower that standard, you’re going to be saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She considers bad air the region’s biggest environmental public health threat, one that especially affects communities of color.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Everyone knows a parent who has brought their baby, or their 2-year-old, into the ER because they couldn’t breathe. You know, the baby’s turning blue. It’s a story you hear across generations.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"left","citation":"Genevieve Amsalem, research and policy director, Central California Environmental Justice Network","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Everyone knows a parent who has brought their baby, or their 2-year-old, into the ER because they couldn’t breathe. You know, the baby’s turning blue,” Amsalem said. “It’s a story you hear across generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data backs up this impression: Counties in the San Joaquin Valley consistently have among the \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/dirty-air-and-disasters-sending-kids-to-the-er-for-asthma/\">worst rates of childhood asthma\u003c/a> in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are worries among the fire science community that the EPA’s proposed rule could have its opposite intended effect. They worry it may leave the state with ultimately worse air in the long run by stifling the use of prescribed fire. The ultimate outcome will affect everyone living in California and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wildfire is really challenging the paradigm that is at the core of the Clean Air Act — that emissions can be controlled,” said Michael Wara, an energy and climate scholar at Stanford University in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA1wg9yzGxM&t=32s\">a presentation to students and researchers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wildfire emissions are not being successfully controlled. They’re growing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act was written during a time when smokestack air pollution was the key problem standing in the way of healthy air, and the U.S. Forest Service could seemingly put any wildfire out by \u003ca href=\"https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/fire-u-s-forest-service/u-s-forest-service-fire-suppression/#:~:text=In%201935%2C%20the%20Forest%20Service,eliminate%20fire%20from%20the%20landscape.\">10 a.m. the next day\u003c/a>. All over the country, wildfires bent more or less easily to the will of firefighters, and the big sources of pollution could be regulated at the emission’s source. But that was a different climate reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Clean air keeps people out of hospitals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Today, with \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44840/4\">emissions from the worst pollutants down by more than 70% (PDF)\u003c/a>, the EPA estimates \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1990-2020-second-prospective-study#:~:text=In%202020%2C%20the%20Clean%20Air,reductions%20in%20ambient%20particulate%20matter\">the Clean Air Act saves 230,000 lives annually\u003c/a> and hundreds of thousands more from asthma, bronchitis and heart attacks. Public health experts estimate the benefits of all these lives saved and hospital visits avoided into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1970-1990-study-design-and-summary-results\">many trillions of dollars\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires are now a major producer of both carbon emissions and tiny specks of sooty pollutants known as PM 2.5. A 2022 study from the National Center for Atmospheric Research found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29623-8\">wildfire pollution was beginning to reverse decades of clean air gains\u003c/a>. (Researchers at Stanford in 2020 had \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/content/qt5134m9d8/qt5134m9d8.pdf?t=qpc4ro\">similar findings [PDF]\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA’s plan would update its standard for PM 2.5.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","tag":"air-quality"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Shorthand for “particulate matter of 2.5 microns in size or less,” PM 2.5 is a class of pollutants based on dimensions rather than origin or chemical makeup. It would take about 30 of them lined up to cross the width of a human hair. It’s their size that’s the key problem: It allows them to get deep into the lungs and even cross into the bloodstream, causing heart and respiratory problems. In short, it’s a terrible pollutant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public comment on the proposal closed late last month, and the EPA is now deciding whether and how to implement revisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA estimates \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/epa-researchers-contribute-american-thoracic-society-workshop-report-wildland-fire\">a third of the PM 2.5 we breathe in this country is from wildfires\u003c/a>. For those in the West during wildfire season, it can be 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if wildfire trends continue and worsen, as climate models suggest they will, then we’ve seen nothing yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To avoid the worst outcomes, Wara of Stanford points to the need to dramatically increase the use of prescribed fire in pyro-adapted landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the best hopes that we have for reducing public health impacts from wildfire and [general] impacts from wildfire have to do with substituting prescribed fire emission for high-intensity wildfire emission,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The rub: Wildfire smoke vs. prescribed fire smoke\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The EPA enforces its clean air standards. If air districts do not achieve these clean-air goals, then the EPA can take over air permitting within a district and even impose a ban on new federal highway grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, EPA officials recognize that sometimes air districts are out of compliance through no fault of their own. In this case, they are allowed to file for an “exceptional event.” In this bureaucratic process, the “event” is linked to the cause of pollution going over the legal limit. It is meant for events that are unforeseeable and are unlikely to occur in the same location again, like a volcanic explosion. If the link can be made, then emissions from that event can be subtracted from the total, and the air district is no longer in trouble with the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To use an analogy, if you couldn’t pay off your credit card bill some month because you had an unforeseen emergency expense, this would be the process by which you might convince the credit card company to waive that charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1970817\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1970817\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view shows neighborhoods enshrouded in smoke as the Bobcat Fire advances toward foothill cities and new evacuation order go into effect on September 13, 2020 in Monrovia, California.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/gettyimages-1228496051-11803c34ee7e287ff491ad1597467efb869d819a-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows neighborhoods in Monrovia enshrouded in smoke from the Bobcat Fire on Sept. 13, 2020. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is a long, technically involved process. A California Air Resources Board (CARB) \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2021-11/2020_Northern_California_EE_Full_Demo_Final.pdf\">exceptional events filing (PDF)\u003c/a> for ozone concentrations during the Northern California wildfires of 2020 runs 228 pages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, as seen by many in the wildfire science community, is that while this process essentially means air districts are not on the hook for wildfire smoke, they are on the hook for prescribed fire smoke. And prescribed fire — the most affordable, effective inoculation against future wildfires — has never been used as a basis for an exceptional event in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fire scientists and those in fire agencies worry this new rule will stifle the state and federal plans to expand the use of prescribed fire as a core strategy to stem out-of-control wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got to start doing larger prescribed burns if we want to make a difference to what is actually happening on our landscape,” said Scott Stephens, fire science professor at UC Berkeley. “That just means there’s going to be more smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pro-prescribed-fire groups, including the National Association of Forest Service Retirees, have \u003ca href=\"https://nafsr.org/advocacy/2023/031023%20NAFSR%20response%20to%20EPA%20PM2.5%20rule%20change.pdf\">submitted comments detailing their concern (PDF)\u003c/a> that the proposed rule “will reduce the Nation’s ability to implement strategies intended to reduce unwanted wildfire effects on communities and wildlands, including barriers to increasing the pace and scale of prescribed burning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976585\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1998px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1976585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f.jpg\" alt=\"A firefighter lights a prescribed burn in Humboldt County to reduce the underbrush without killing trees.\" width=\"1998\" height=\"1499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f.jpg 1998w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/08/winter-oak-woodland-burning-2b67dc9298069f3e95da35a79dcd1b2aa432876f-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1998px) 100vw, 1998px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prescribed burns, like this one in Humboldt County, reduce the underbrush without destroying trees. \u003ccite>(Lenya Quinn-Davidson/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A large group of fire specialists, including professors, cultural burners and ecologists, wrote in a comment letter to the EPA that its plan “would put the EPA on the wrong side of policies and actions planned by federal, state, local and Tribal entities to address the wildfire crisis and ultimately, to reduce harmful PM2.5 emissions and impacts by reducing wildfire smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from prescribed fires is less intense and less damaging than smoke from wildfires. Many scientists view it as \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/policy-advocacy/healthy-air-campaign/prescribed-fire-report#:~:text=Prescribed%20burns%20can%20be%20used,supporting%20ecosystem%20health%20and%20resiliency.\">a protective trade-off\u003c/a> — some pollution now in exchange for greater fire safety (and less pollution) in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Air districts supportive, with qualifications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Both the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/carb-statement-us-epa-proposal-strengthen-health-based-standards-fine-particulate-matter\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2023/pmnaaqs_230105_2023_001-pdf.pdf?la=en\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District (PDF)\u003c/a> have submitted comments supporting a tightening of the PM 2.5 standard. In interviews with KQED, regulators from both organizations also expressed support for prescribed burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Knoderer, meteorologist at BAAQMD, said that the air district views prescribed burning as a partner and ally in lowering the risk of wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can control when they’re doing the burning and we can minimize the amount of smoke that’s released,” he said. “Wildfires will put out a ton more smoke, and at that point there’s really no controlling it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Bay Area nor California air regulators seem to share the worries of the fire community that the EPA will hamper the increased use of prescribed fire, however.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We can control when they’re doing the burning and we can minimize the amount of smoke that’s released. Wildfires will put out a ton more smoke, and at that point there’s really no controlling it.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"left","citation":"Charles Knoderer, meteorologist, Bay Area Air Quality Management District","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Edie Chang, deputy executive officer at CARB, said her agency has heard from the prescribed-fire community and has brought up the issue in comments to the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see how we can streamline or make suggestions for how EPA might modify their policies or their guidance to help us be able to balance the increased use of prescribed fire that we need for forest management, for managing and reducing the catastrophic wildfires that we experience in California,” said Chang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She expressed hope that the rule’s implementation phase, which it now heads into, would be the time for nitty-gritty details to be worked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though they can be expunged from the data, residents are still feeling [the effects of wildfire] very much so,” said Amsalem, of the Central California Environmental Justice Network. She hopes agencies will work out this issue, she said, “because we do need to do more prescribed burning to reduce the catastrophic events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>EPA’s proposed workaround leaves burners skeptical\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The EPA also seems aware of these concerns. In its proposed rule, it says it acknowledges stakeholder concerns about the importance of prescribed fire and intends to work with stakeholders to address these issues. It also says \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-08/documents/ee_prescribed_fire_final_guidance_-_august_2019.pdf\">prescribed fires have the potential to qualify for exceptional events (PDF)\u003c/a>, which could encourage their continued and expanded use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, this has environmental lawyers very concerned. Sara Clark of the law firm Shute, Mihaly and Weinberger works with nonprofit organizations and supports prescribed fire and Indigenous cultural burners. She thinks the EPA’s reasoning as written might not hold up under a judge’s evaluation.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories ","tag":"prescribed-burning"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“[The EPA] does a lot of linguistic acrobatics to try and clarify how a prescribed fire is … not reasonably preventable or controllable. But it’s called a ‘controlled burn,’” said Clark. “I’m concerned about the legal underpinnings there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also believes that the time and technical expertise needed to file for an exceptional event exemption would make air regulators wary of using it. Extensive documentation and analysis is needed to submit for an exceptional events determination from CARB or the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent Government Accountability Office report echoes these concerns. The report says \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-23-104723.pdf\">the EPA could do a better job working with other agencies to reduce impacts from wildfires (PDF)\u003c/a>, including making it easier to conduct prescribed fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stakeholders interviewed by the GAO said that state and local agencies aren’t likely to use the exceptional events provision for prescribed burns because “the agencies would not likely approve prescribed burns that could cause National Ambient Air Quality Standards exceedances in the first place.” And they said that “exceptional event demonstrations are technically complicated and resource intensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put another way, it’s more likely that prescribed burns would never happen if air regulators thought they might have to file for an exceptional event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also legally uncharted, or nearly uncharted, territory. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-23-104723.pdf\">The EPA has received only one exceptional events demonstration for a prescribed burn (PDF)\u003c/a> — too much ozone was associated with prescribed burns in the Flint Hills of Kansas in December 2012. But since then, no tribal, state or local agency has submitted an exceptional event demonstration for a prescribed burn, according to EPA officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should wildfires be considered exceptional?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The EPA’s proposed rule is based in part on the recommendations of the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, a collection of public health experts. In their \u003ca href=\"https://www.lawandenvironment.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2022/03/casac-review-of-the-epas-policy-assessment-for-the-reconsideration-of-the-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-for-particulate-matter-external-review-draft-october-2021.pdf?utm_source=mondaq&utm_medium=syndication&utm_content=inarticlelink&utm_campaign=article\">letter sent last spring to EPA administrator Michael Regan (PDF)\u003c/a>, they questioned whether even wildfires ought to be routinely considered exceptional events, considering they are the result of human-caused climate change, fire suppression and forest management policies and, often, problems with equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some parts of the country, wildfires are no longer ‘exceptional’ The dramatic increase in wildfires over the last decade is not natural,” the authors write, pointing to forest management, climate change and utility power lines. “These are (in theory) at least partially controllable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In UC Berkeley’s Stephens’ view, the rule as proposed is an unacceptable passing of the buck.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘If you do proactive work like prescribed burning, you have to justify it through a rule that is onerous. But if a wildfire is occurring, causing damage to people, burning down homes, no one’s accountable. I just don’t see how that can work.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"left","citation":"Scott Stephens, fire science professor, UC Berkeley","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“If you do proactive work like prescribed burning, you have to justify it through a rule that is onerous,” he said. “But if a wildfire is occurring, causing damage to people, burning down homes, no one’s accountable. I just don’t see how that can work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, for those affected by the worst air quality in the state, pollution is damaging whether it’s from a diesel engine, a prescribed fire or a catastrophic wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people interviewed for this story said they hope that as the EPA decides how to implement the rule over the course of this year, it will find a route that both protects public health from human-made sources like smokestacks and tailpipes and encourages proactive wildfire protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key decision is going to be what happens in the U.S. EPA, PM 2.5 rulemaking. It’s really going to set the course for what is allowed or not allowed on the part of air districts over the next five to 10 years,” said Stanford’s Wara. He hopes for a path that can support both priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if we just act as if it’s the year 2000 or sometime in the 1990s or even 1970 and the U.S. Forest Service reigned supreme over wildfire in the West?” he said. “We are not going to get this outcome.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982166/the-epa-wants-cleaner-air-but-fire-experts-worry-new-rule-risks-making-it-worse","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_31","science_39","science_40","science_4450","science_3730"],"tags":["science_524","science_2080","science_4414","science_959","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1982200","label":"science"},"science_1980766":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1980766","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1980766","score":null,"sort":[1668716137000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"forging-a-more-diverse-generation-of-firefighters-in-marin-county","title":"Forging a More Diverse Generation of Firefighters in Marin County","publishDate":1668716137,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Forging a More Diverse Generation of Firefighters in Marin County | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>All morning, Armando Jimenez and Jesus Chavez shoveled loads of brush into a wood chipper, the sharp smell of bay trees wafting around a playground, parking lot and baseball field in San Anselmo’s Memorial Park. If a fire were to approach, it would approach from a steep, wooded hill that was, until this morning, covered in eucalyptus, acacia and other brush but now looks clean-shaven, cleared of small trees, branches and twigs — all good fuel for a fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to the work of Jimenez and Chavez, if a spark were to hit this hillside and start a fire, it is now much less likely to climb up the brush like a ladder and start a crown fire in the tops of the big trees, threatening nearby homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimenez and Chavez, and the other members of their crew, are part of the first cohort of \u003ca href=\"https://www.firefoundry.org/\">Fire Foundry\u003c/a>, a job-training program seeking to change the way firefighters are recruited in Marin County — one of California’s richest counties, \u003ca href=\"https://belonging.berkeley.edu/most-segregated-and-integrated-cities-sf-bay-area\">yet also one of its most segregated\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980770\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980770\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A man in a yellow hard hat wrestles with a large pile of twigs and brush.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire Foundry student Jesus Chavez clears brush for a wildfire hazard mitigation project near the Marin County Fire Department in Woodacre on Sept. 15, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The program offers full-time employment (mostly clearing vegetation and other fuels work to protect against future fires), temporary housing at the fire station, assistance with food, mental health support, tutoring, free uniforms and boots, free tuition at the College of Marin and training in using emerging fire technology, like remote sensing programs and predictive services. The goal is to get more people of color and women into the Marin County Fire Department and the field at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laying his hard hat aside, Jimenez sits down at a wood picnic table. “I really want to see more minorities in the fire service,” he said. “That’s the major thing [that] made me want to join.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 21-year-old was born and raised in Mexico and came to the U.S. in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both in Marin County and nationwide, fire department diversity is dismal. Of the county’s 80 full-time firefighters, nearly 83% are white men. Approximately 7.5% are white women, an equal percentage are Latino, and Asian firefighters account for just 2%. None of the department’s full-time firefighters are African American. In the county, 3% of the population is Black, 16% Latino and 6% Asian. Slightly more than half the population is female. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2019, 96% of U.S. career firefighters were men and 82% were white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feeder programs that funnel people into fire academies are largely the same. That’s despite a \u003ca href=\"https://www.air.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/FirstResponders_Full_Report.pdf\"> body of research literature (PDF)\u003c/a> suggesting that communities are better served if first responders look like the community they’re serving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to break that mold,” said Marin County Fire Chief Jason Weber, who initiated the idea for Fire Foundry, which helps trainees build the skills for long-term, well-paying jobs. “We’re trying to break systemic cycles of poverty, generational poverty, and that has to do with the importance of a sustainable wage career.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality of climate change, said Rhea Suh, current president of the Marin Community Foundation, is that the adaptation and mitigation it’ll require will incur phenomenal costs. There’s an opportunity, she said, for governments and organizations to connect middle-class, union jobs — firefighters, pipe fitters, track workers — with people who need them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know the fires are coming. We know sea level rise is happening. Why can’t we really think about the pipeline for these positions?” she said. “These can be the great jobs of the next century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980782\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980782 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58639_021_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-sfi.jpeg\" alt=\"Several men in grey shirts and yellow hard hats circle around a man leaning on a chainsaw. \" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58639_021_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-sfi.jpeg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58639_021_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-sfi-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Field Supervisor Darrell Galli leads a training lesson for the Fire Foundry team in Woodacre on Sept. 15, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Forged by many hands\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It was during the turbulent times of 2020 — COVID-19, a presidential election, the worst wildfire year in recorded history, and a summer of racial reckoning that followed a white Minneapolis police officer killing George Floyd, a Black man — that discussions about Fire Foundry gained speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took cooperation from a suite of partners to form the program. Those partners included Conservation Corps North Bay, College of Marin, Marin County, the Marin Wildfire Prevention Authority and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a moment of momentum. All of these groups came together to build something,” said Sofia Martinez, equity analyst with Marin County, one of the co-founders of the program. “People are calling for representation in all sectors of life. Especially when it comes to emergency medical response or disaster response in general, they want to see people out in the field and they want to be interacting with people that understand their lived experiences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>College of Marin, Stanford University and UC Berkeley also are partners in Fire Foundry. Martinez said the program benefits from their researchers who are “passionate about changing the way things have historically been done,” and from proximity to Sonoma and Napa counties, where the destructive Glass, Kincade and Tubbs fires burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sukh Singh is lab manager at the \u003ca href=\"https://disasterlab.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Berkeley Disaster Lab\u003c/a>, which seeks to use technology and innovation to address the problems facing humankind. He heard about the idea for the program in early 2021 and was part of the development team, designing marketing and communications materials and helping with recruitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I immigrated from India,” Singh said. “I had never thought about becoming a firefighter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was surprised to learn firefighters can make good money, especially for those who also administer emergency medical aid, and thinks that if more people knew, they might be drawn to the profession. Depending on the city or county, starting salaries for a firefighter paramedic can range from $80,000 to $140,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing that could have made the job more interesting to him growing up, Singh said. “And it would have been one of the things [that] could have convinced my family,” Singh said, “because we were very low-income growing up — that this could be a valid and important career field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980775\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980775\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58656_037_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-sfi.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58656_037_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-sfi.jpeg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58656_037_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-sfi-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire Foundry student Jesus Flores (left) puts his arm around fellow student Luis Alducin during a break from their work on a wildfire hazard mitigation project near the Marin County Fire Department in Woodacre on Sept. 15, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Successes and loss\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fire Foundry is in its infancy and is untested. This year the program was not able to retain the full roster of female recruits. Seven started the program and two remain: One is now in the Santa Rosa Junior College Firefighter Academy. The other took a job doing defensible space inspections in the Marin County Fire Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide 96% of career firefighters are men, so increasing the ranks of women is a high priority for Fire Foundry. Architects of the program are planning to make some changes for next year: more flexibility in schedules, earlier and more frequent mentoring and more tailoring to individuals’ specific needs. Weber hopes that changes will help with retention and that the program catches on around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Observers and supporters within the county are heartened by the wraparound approach Fire Foundry offers compared to other training programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know the [conservation] world really well,” said Suh, of the Marin Community Foundation, “and it is and always has been dominated by white men.” She formerly led diversity programs at the Department of the Interior, nominated by former President Barack Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am fascinated that there are people on the ground like the Marin fire chief who’s saying to himself, without any kind of outside pressure, ‘We have to figure out a sustainable way to maintain our pipeline and […] if we are going to attract more people of color, more women, we need to have a different attitude and posture.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Chief Weber hopes the model for the program gains ground. They tried to build it using mostly existing funds and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to create something new that can be either reproduced or recreated across the state,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the wood picnic table, Jesus Chavez, 23, said school was a struggle for him in the past. Now, he’s back in classes learning to be an EMT. “I have to face it. It’s something that I want to do — to become a better person for myself,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a kid he wanted to join the fire service, but didn’t know how to get in. He applied for Fire Foundry after seeing an Instagram ad. He fell in love with the hard work outside, alongside other firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They get down and dirty,” he said. “I like that. Everyone’s close, like a whole family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In wealthy, highly segregated Marin County, a fire department seeks to break down barriers to recruitment, training and retention.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846154,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1534},"headData":{"title":"Forging a More Diverse Generation of Firefighters in Marin County | KQED","description":"In wealthy, highly segregated Marin County, a fire department seeks to break down barriers to recruitment, training and retention.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Wildfire","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/e5449176-bc17-4cea-8e3c-af4e0144b66c/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/science/1980766/forging-a-more-diverse-generation-of-firefighters-in-marin-county","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>All morning, Armando Jimenez and Jesus Chavez shoveled loads of brush into a wood chipper, the sharp smell of bay trees wafting around a playground, parking lot and baseball field in San Anselmo’s Memorial Park. If a fire were to approach, it would approach from a steep, wooded hill that was, until this morning, covered in eucalyptus, acacia and other brush but now looks clean-shaven, cleared of small trees, branches and twigs — all good fuel for a fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to the work of Jimenez and Chavez, if a spark were to hit this hillside and start a fire, it is now much less likely to climb up the brush like a ladder and start a crown fire in the tops of the big trees, threatening nearby homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimenez and Chavez, and the other members of their crew, are part of the first cohort of \u003ca href=\"https://www.firefoundry.org/\">Fire Foundry\u003c/a>, a job-training program seeking to change the way firefighters are recruited in Marin County — one of California’s richest counties, \u003ca href=\"https://belonging.berkeley.edu/most-segregated-and-integrated-cities-sf-bay-area\">yet also one of its most segregated\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980770\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980770\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A man in a yellow hard hat wrestles with a large pile of twigs and brush.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58654_035_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire Foundry student Jesus Chavez clears brush for a wildfire hazard mitigation project near the Marin County Fire Department in Woodacre on Sept. 15, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The program offers full-time employment (mostly clearing vegetation and other fuels work to protect against future fires), temporary housing at the fire station, assistance with food, mental health support, tutoring, free uniforms and boots, free tuition at the College of Marin and training in using emerging fire technology, like remote sensing programs and predictive services. The goal is to get more people of color and women into the Marin County Fire Department and the field at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laying his hard hat aside, Jimenez sits down at a wood picnic table. “I really want to see more minorities in the fire service,” he said. “That’s the major thing [that] made me want to join.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 21-year-old was born and raised in Mexico and came to the U.S. in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both in Marin County and nationwide, fire department diversity is dismal. Of the county’s 80 full-time firefighters, nearly 83% are white men. Approximately 7.5% are white women, an equal percentage are Latino, and Asian firefighters account for just 2%. None of the department’s full-time firefighters are African American. In the county, 3% of the population is Black, 16% Latino and 6% Asian. Slightly more than half the population is female. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2019, 96% of U.S. career firefighters were men and 82% were white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feeder programs that funnel people into fire academies are largely the same. That’s despite a \u003ca href=\"https://www.air.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/FirstResponders_Full_Report.pdf\"> body of research literature (PDF)\u003c/a> suggesting that communities are better served if first responders look like the community they’re serving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to break that mold,” said Marin County Fire Chief Jason Weber, who initiated the idea for Fire Foundry, which helps trainees build the skills for long-term, well-paying jobs. “We’re trying to break systemic cycles of poverty, generational poverty, and that has to do with the importance of a sustainable wage career.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality of climate change, said Rhea Suh, current president of the Marin Community Foundation, is that the adaptation and mitigation it’ll require will incur phenomenal costs. There’s an opportunity, she said, for governments and organizations to connect middle-class, union jobs — firefighters, pipe fitters, track workers — with people who need them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know the fires are coming. We know sea level rise is happening. Why can’t we really think about the pipeline for these positions?” she said. “These can be the great jobs of the next century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980782\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980782 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58639_021_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-sfi.jpeg\" alt=\"Several men in grey shirts and yellow hard hats circle around a man leaning on a chainsaw. \" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58639_021_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-sfi.jpeg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58639_021_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-sfi-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Field Supervisor Darrell Galli leads a training lesson for the Fire Foundry team in Woodacre on Sept. 15, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Forged by many hands\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It was during the turbulent times of 2020 — COVID-19, a presidential election, the worst wildfire year in recorded history, and a summer of racial reckoning that followed a white Minneapolis police officer killing George Floyd, a Black man — that discussions about Fire Foundry gained speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took cooperation from a suite of partners to form the program. Those partners included Conservation Corps North Bay, College of Marin, Marin County, the Marin Wildfire Prevention Authority and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a moment of momentum. All of these groups came together to build something,” said Sofia Martinez, equity analyst with Marin County, one of the co-founders of the program. “People are calling for representation in all sectors of life. Especially when it comes to emergency medical response or disaster response in general, they want to see people out in the field and they want to be interacting with people that understand their lived experiences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>College of Marin, Stanford University and UC Berkeley also are partners in Fire Foundry. Martinez said the program benefits from their researchers who are “passionate about changing the way things have historically been done,” and from proximity to Sonoma and Napa counties, where the destructive Glass, Kincade and Tubbs fires burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sukh Singh is lab manager at the \u003ca href=\"https://disasterlab.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Berkeley Disaster Lab\u003c/a>, which seeks to use technology and innovation to address the problems facing humankind. He heard about the idea for the program in early 2021 and was part of the development team, designing marketing and communications materials and helping with recruitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I immigrated from India,” Singh said. “I had never thought about becoming a firefighter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was surprised to learn firefighters can make good money, especially for those who also administer emergency medical aid, and thinks that if more people knew, they might be drawn to the profession. Depending on the city or county, starting salaries for a firefighter paramedic can range from $80,000 to $140,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing that could have made the job more interesting to him growing up, Singh said. “And it would have been one of the things [that] could have convinced my family,” Singh said, “because we were very low-income growing up — that this could be a valid and important career field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980775\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980775\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58656_037_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-sfi.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58656_037_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-sfi.jpeg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS58656_037_KQED_FireFoundryMarin_09152022-sfi-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire Foundry student Jesus Flores (left) puts his arm around fellow student Luis Alducin during a break from their work on a wildfire hazard mitigation project near the Marin County Fire Department in Woodacre on Sept. 15, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Successes and loss\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fire Foundry is in its infancy and is untested. This year the program was not able to retain the full roster of female recruits. Seven started the program and two remain: One is now in the Santa Rosa Junior College Firefighter Academy. The other took a job doing defensible space inspections in the Marin County Fire Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide 96% of career firefighters are men, so increasing the ranks of women is a high priority for Fire Foundry. Architects of the program are planning to make some changes for next year: more flexibility in schedules, earlier and more frequent mentoring and more tailoring to individuals’ specific needs. Weber hopes that changes will help with retention and that the program catches on around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Observers and supporters within the county are heartened by the wraparound approach Fire Foundry offers compared to other training programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know the [conservation] world really well,” said Suh, of the Marin Community Foundation, “and it is and always has been dominated by white men.” She formerly led diversity programs at the Department of the Interior, nominated by former President Barack Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am fascinated that there are people on the ground like the Marin fire chief who’s saying to himself, without any kind of outside pressure, ‘We have to figure out a sustainable way to maintain our pipeline and […] if we are going to attract more people of color, more women, we need to have a different attitude and posture.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Chief Weber hopes the model for the program gains ground. They tried to build it using mostly existing funds and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to create something new that can be either reproduced or recreated across the state,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the wood picnic table, Jesus Chavez, 23, said school was a struggle for him in the past. Now, he’s back in classes learning to be an EMT. “I have to face it. It’s something that I want to do — to become a better person for myself,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a kid he wanted to join the fire service, but didn’t know how to get in. He applied for Fire Foundry after seeing an Instagram ad. He fell in love with the hard work outside, alongside other firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They get down and dirty,” he said. “I like that. Everyone’s close, like a whole family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1980766/forging-a-more-diverse-generation-of-firefighters-in-marin-county","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_31","science_32","science_40","science_4450","science_3730"],"tags":["science_4414","science_112","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1980774","label":"source_science_1980766"},"science_1980792":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1980792","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1980792","score":null,"sort":[1668625289000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-roadmap-to-carbon-neutrality-california-releases-sweeping-new-climate-action-plan","title":"California Releases Sweeping New Climate Action Plan to Reach Carbon Neutrality","publishDate":1668625289,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Releases Sweeping New Climate Action Plan to Reach Carbon Neutrality | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California air regulators on Wednesday released a final draft of the state’s new climate blueprint, charting an ambitious path to dramatically reduce planet-warming gas emissions over the next two decades.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]‘It’s the most ambitious set of climate goals of any jurisdiction in the world, and it’ll spur an economic transformation akin to the industrial revolution.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan would siphon down the state’s use of fossil fuels almost entirely and paints a not-too-distant picture of what Gov. Gavin Newsom said is a “pollution-free future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the most ambitious set of climate goals of any jurisdiction in the world, and if adopted, it’ll spur an economic transformation akin to the industrial revolution,” Newsom said in a statement emailed to reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His administration is billing it as the world’s first “achievable roadmap to implement carbon neutrality,” from a major economy. But nothing in this document will be easy for California. Nor is it guaranteed to succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan, drafted by the state Air Resources Board, calls for slashing greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels by 48% by the year 2030 and 85% by 2045 (so far, the state has cut its carbon pollution by just 3% — and recent research from a UCLA-led \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749122011022#:~:text=In%20this%20short%20communication%2C%20we,GHG)%20emission%20reductions%20since%202003.\">study suggests those gains might have been wiped out by the firestorms of 2020\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California would need to add tens of millions of electric cars to its roads and be using a tenth of the liquid petroleum, gas and diesel it uses today in a little more than two decades.[aside postID=\"news_11930288,science_1980725\" label=\"Related Posts\"]State officials said the backbone of the transition is a “clean, affordable and reliable grid,” and the policy framework includes a commitment to build no new gas plants. Instead, the state will meet the increased demand for electricity with renewable energy. To do that, California will need to build more wind and solar at a highly expedited rate, quadrupling its current capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep the lights on, California will need to double its existing electricity generation capacity. The state narrowly avoided rolling blackouts this year after electricity demand nearly surpassed supply during a heat wave that baked the state for 10 days in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren Sanchez, the governor’s climate adviser, acknowledged on a call with reporters that “this plan will indeed be very difficult to achieve because of the scale of the task and the speed with which it needs to be delivered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, “the governor will not take failure as an option, and neither should any of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A more aggressive plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state’s powerful air board circulated a preliminary draft of the plan early in the year with the goal of 40% emissions reductions by 2030, but Gov. Newsom asked the agency to be more aggressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the board hashed out the details over the course of months, California passed regulations to phase out the sale of new gasoline-powered cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Newsom signed a series of aggressive climate bills into law setting new targets for clean energy and carbon sequestration on natural and working lands, establishing new rules on existing oil wells near neighborhoods and schools and expanding carbon capture and removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest draft incorporates these new efforts and others on offshore wind, clean fuels and climate-friendly housing construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates and environmentalists want the state to move even faster, and have pressed for more aggressive targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellie Cohen, CEO of policy nonprofit The Climate Center, and UC Berkeley professor Dan Kammen \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/commentary/2022/11/california-climate-air-resources-board-scoping-plan/\">argued in an opinion piece\u003c/a> last week for California’s target to be “at least 55% below 1990 levels by 2030.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also criticized the state for what they said is “gambling on carbon capture and storage, a failed and expensive technology that perpetuates pollution in frontline communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by email on his way back from the COP27 climate summit in Egypt, Kammen said that the state’s latest version still relies too much on these technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The harsh grip of petroleum’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2006, Republican Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger signed AB 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act, into law, which mandated that the state produce a climate change road map every five years. The air board released the first plan in 2008, and this is its third update.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board Chair Liane Randolph told reporters that this update “is far and away the most important and the one with the most ambitious targets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to take action to reduce the worst impacts of a changing climate,” Randolph said. “And there is only one way to do that: Break forever our dependance on fossil fuels, the harsh grip of petroleum, and move as fast as we can to a clean energy economy. And that’s what this plan does. It delivers a massive reduction of climate-warming pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state estimates it would cut air pollution by 71% and save Californians $200 billion in health costs due to pollution, while creating 4 million new jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The plan would siphon down the state's use of fossil fuels almost entirely by 2045.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846156,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":884},"headData":{"title":"California Releases Sweeping New Climate Action Plan to Reach Carbon Neutrality | KQED","description":"The plan would siphon down the state's use of fossil fuels almost entirely by 2045.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Climate Change","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/10d4ec7a-fb41-46d3-8dcc-af5001193eaa/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/science/1980792/a-roadmap-to-carbon-neutrality-california-releases-sweeping-new-climate-action-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California air regulators on Wednesday released a final draft of the state’s new climate blueprint, charting an ambitious path to dramatically reduce planet-warming gas emissions over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It’s the most ambitious set of climate goals of any jurisdiction in the world, and it’ll spur an economic transformation akin to the industrial revolution.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Gov. Gavin Newsom","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan would siphon down the state’s use of fossil fuels almost entirely and paints a not-too-distant picture of what Gov. Gavin Newsom said is a “pollution-free future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the most ambitious set of climate goals of any jurisdiction in the world, and if adopted, it’ll spur an economic transformation akin to the industrial revolution,” Newsom said in a statement emailed to reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His administration is billing it as the world’s first “achievable roadmap to implement carbon neutrality,” from a major economy. But nothing in this document will be easy for California. Nor is it guaranteed to succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan, drafted by the state Air Resources Board, calls for slashing greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels by 48% by the year 2030 and 85% by 2045 (so far, the state has cut its carbon pollution by just 3% — and recent research from a UCLA-led \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749122011022#:~:text=In%20this%20short%20communication%2C%20we,GHG)%20emission%20reductions%20since%202003.\">study suggests those gains might have been wiped out by the firestorms of 2020\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California would need to add tens of millions of electric cars to its roads and be using a tenth of the liquid petroleum, gas and diesel it uses today in a little more than two decades.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11930288,science_1980725","label":"Related Posts "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>State officials said the backbone of the transition is a “clean, affordable and reliable grid,” and the policy framework includes a commitment to build no new gas plants. Instead, the state will meet the increased demand for electricity with renewable energy. To do that, California will need to build more wind and solar at a highly expedited rate, quadrupling its current capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep the lights on, California will need to double its existing electricity generation capacity. The state narrowly avoided rolling blackouts this year after electricity demand nearly surpassed supply during a heat wave that baked the state for 10 days in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren Sanchez, the governor’s climate adviser, acknowledged on a call with reporters that “this plan will indeed be very difficult to achieve because of the scale of the task and the speed with which it needs to be delivered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, “the governor will not take failure as an option, and neither should any of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A more aggressive plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state’s powerful air board circulated a preliminary draft of the plan early in the year with the goal of 40% emissions reductions by 2030, but Gov. Newsom asked the agency to be more aggressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the board hashed out the details over the course of months, California passed regulations to phase out the sale of new gasoline-powered cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Newsom signed a series of aggressive climate bills into law setting new targets for clean energy and carbon sequestration on natural and working lands, establishing new rules on existing oil wells near neighborhoods and schools and expanding carbon capture and removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest draft incorporates these new efforts and others on offshore wind, clean fuels and climate-friendly housing construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates and environmentalists want the state to move even faster, and have pressed for more aggressive targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellie Cohen, CEO of policy nonprofit The Climate Center, and UC Berkeley professor Dan Kammen \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/commentary/2022/11/california-climate-air-resources-board-scoping-plan/\">argued in an opinion piece\u003c/a> last week for California’s target to be “at least 55% below 1990 levels by 2030.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also criticized the state for what they said is “gambling on carbon capture and storage, a failed and expensive technology that perpetuates pollution in frontline communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by email on his way back from the COP27 climate summit in Egypt, Kammen said that the state’s latest version still relies too much on these technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The harsh grip of petroleum’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2006, Republican Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger signed AB 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act, into law, which mandated that the state produce a climate change road map every five years. The air board released the first plan in 2008, and this is its third update.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board Chair Liane Randolph told reporters that this update “is far and away the most important and the one with the most ambitious targets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to take action to reduce the worst impacts of a changing climate,” Randolph said. “And there is only one way to do that: Break forever our dependance on fossil fuels, the harsh grip of petroleum, and move as fast as we can to a clean energy economy. And that’s what this plan does. It delivers a massive reduction of climate-warming pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state estimates it would cut air pollution by 71% and save Californians $200 billion in health costs due to pollution, while creating 4 million new jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1980792/a-roadmap-to-carbon-neutrality-california-releases-sweeping-new-climate-action-plan","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_3730"],"tags":["science_5178","science_194","science_134","science_4417"],"featImg":"science_1980794","label":"source_science_1980792"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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