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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Jessie Rush, Kenny Miksch and Simon Sage Ybarra were sentenced to six months in prison after admitting they destroyed evidence of their communication with fellow boogaloo militia member Steven Carrillo, who murdered two law enforcement officers as a racial uprising gripped California and the nation. Carrillo was captured on June 6, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]teven Carrillo saw the three sheriff’s deputies talking on the narrow, one-lane road leading to his father’s house in Ben Lomond, a small community in the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concealed by the forest and gripping his rifle, Carrillo could hear them coordinating their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s Office was responding to a call about a white van with ammunition and bomb-making supplies that were visible through a window to a man installing game cameras around a nearby wooded property. The vehicle’s registration led officers to a one-room house with potted plants and a gun rack on the porch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago today, on June 6, 2020, Carrillo was cornered. A week earlier, the active-duty Air Force sergeant had \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">killed a Federal Protective Service officer and wounded his partner in a drive-by shooting\u003c/a> in front of the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building in Oakland as a large protest moved through the streets nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11824604 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Carrillo-van-oakland-1020x631.jpg']Carrillo took out his phone and messaged members of the “1st Detachment, 1st California Grizzly Scouts,” a group of men he met on Facebook. The group associated itself with the anti-government \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2021/01/27/who-are-boogaloos-who-were-visible-capitol-and-later-rallies\">boogaloo movement\u003c/a>, which originated online and became a rallying point for those who believe a second Civil War looms. Adherents toted guns and wore Hawaiian shirts, which the movement has co-opted, at protests following George Floyd’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks before Carrillo’s rampage, the Grizzly Scouts had discussed violent confrontations with the government and attacks on law enforcement in group messages, prosecutors said. The group also trained together at a property in the Sierra foothills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were looking for me. They found me by pure luck,” Carrillo wrote from his hideout, requesting backup. “Kit up and get here. There’s only one road in/out. Take them out when they’re coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dude. How the f— can we get to you in an hour,” one member responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re waiting for reinforcements. I’m listening to them,” Carrillo replied. “Dudes, I offed a fed. They’re staging. Come help. I have cameras everywhere here. They’re waiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Rush, a then-28-year-old U.S. Army veteran and the group’s founder, responded with an order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dillo,” Rush wrote, using Carrillo’s code name, “factory reset your phone and exfil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Exfil\u003c/em> — short for exfiltration, a military term for the removal of units from an area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo ignored the directive. Instead, he opened fire with his modified assault rifle, fatally wounding one officer and sending the other two running into the woods. They radioed to try to warn others of the ambush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before fleeing, Carrillo engaged in a shoot-out with California Highway Patrol officers who answered the distress call. He carjacked a Toyota Camry and ran over one of the Santa Cruz deputies on his way down the mountain. Shot in the hip, Carrillo used his own blood to write messages on the car — “Boog,” “Stop the duopoly” and “I became unreasonable” — before abandoning it. He was ultimately arrested in a backyard after neighbors tackled and restrained him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to prosecutors, the Grizzly Scouts moved quickly to delete evidence of their communication and files about the group’s structure and activity. But it was too late. Rush and two other members \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/four-militia-group-members-plead-guilty-obstruction-justice-conspiracy\">later pleaded guilty\u003c/a> to one count of conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings. All three were sentenced to six months in prison. A fourth member pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice charges in addition to an unrelated charge. He was sentenced to more than 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo was given a life sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Michael Jensen, senior researcher, University of Maryland National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START)\"]‘This is not an uncommon story that we see in the veterans and the data that we’ve collected who [have been] radicalized to the point of committing crimes.’[/pullquote]In the three years since he was captured, significant attention has focused on Carrillo and his murders as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cohenmilstein.com/case-study/underwood-v-meta-platforms-inc-facebook\">the role social media played in connecting him with other extremists\u003c/a>. But scarce information is available about Rush, who grew up in Gilroy and created the Grizzly Scouts, gave the group its military structure and recruited Carrillo and other men throughout Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who knew Rush told KQED they were puzzled by the charges against him. A firefighter and EMT who worked in private security, Rush worked alongside former law enforcement officers, and friends said he never openly expressed anti-police sentiment to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush and his attorney declined to be interviewed for this story. But a deep look into Rush’s background paints a portrait of a veteran seeking the camaraderie and sense of purpose he once found in the armed forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11952311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Two men in military fatigues, one holding a firearm, pose for a photo.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessie Rush (right) sits on a newly constructed deck at Combat Outpost Qeysar, Afghanistan, in 2011, while the soldier beside him does tricep dips. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Nathan Goodall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To report this story, KQED interviewed veterans, including several who served with Rush, researchers and a California lawmaker who called for Congressional hearings on the recruitment of veterans by extremist groups, to find out how vulnerable former soldiers are — and what steps the United States government is taking to identify at-risk veterans like Rush and provide them support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not an uncommon story that we see in the veterans and the data that we’ve collected who [have been] radicalized to the point of committing crimes,” said Dr. Michael Jensen, senior researcher at the University of Maryland’s National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, or START.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2022 START study, on average, 6.9 individuals with military backgrounds committed crimes motivated by ideology per year from 1990 to 2010. Over the past decade, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23830338-start-research-brief-april-2023\">that number has quintupled (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 17% of defendants charged in connection to the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection were current or former service members, including eight from California, according to START. For comparison, about 7% of the country’s adult population are veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excluding the Jan. 6 cases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23830338-start-research-brief-april-2023\">the rate of crimes committed by people with military backgrounds (PDF)\u003c/a> and motivated by political, social, religious or economic goals has more than tripled since 2010. The majority of cases are centered in the veteran community, as opposed to active-duty military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Stewart Rhodes, a former Army paratrooper and Yale Law School graduate who founded the far-right militia group the Oath Keepers, was convicted of seditious conspiracy and other charges for crimes related to the breach of the U.S. Capitol. On May 25, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/25/us/politics/oath-keepers-stewart-rhodes-sentenced.html\">he was sentenced to 18 years in prison\u003c/a>. An Anti-Defamation League analysis of Oath Keepers membership data identified 117 active-duty military and estimated 1 in 10 had prior service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='extremism,veterans']In January, three active-duty Marines were charged with crimes related to their alleged involvement on Jan. 6. One of the men, based at Camp Pendleton in Southern California, wrote in an Instagram direct message that he was “waiting for the boogaloo” or “Civil war 2,” according to court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, an Air National Guardsman suspected of leaking a trove of national security documents on the online platform Discord was arrested in Massachusetts. Federal court documents show Jack Teixeira, 21, possessed a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23824103-teixeira-governments-supplemental-motion\">virtual arsenal of weapons (PDF)\u003c/a>” and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23824102-teixeira-declaration-of-luke-church-fbi-special-agent\">had discussed acts of violence online (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to prosecutors and the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/splc-2021-year-in-hate-extremism-report.pdf\">there were 45 anti-government groups, including four militias, active in California (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center. Exactly how many veterans have been involved in extremist groups in the state is unknown due to the lack of consistent data, said Jon Lewis, research fellow at the Program on Extremism at George Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike cases stemming from support for foreign terrorist organizations like ISIS or al-Qaida, group membership in the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys, boogaloo movement, etc., is secondary and not a predicate for the criminal offense,” Lewis said. “We can identify cases in which that affiliation or ideology is explicitly identified, but it’s naturally limited by the failures of the federal and state governments to publicly share information related to these statistics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, not long after rioters stormed the Capitol, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin \u003ca href=\"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Feb/05/2002577485/-1/-1/0/STAND-DOWN-TO-ADDRESS-EXTREMISM-IN-THE-RANKS.PDF\">ordered a military-wide stand-down to discuss extremism in the ranks (PDF)\u003c/a>. The House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs began a series of hearings investigating the issue later that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the types of things we can do to help prevent veterans from dying by suicide are the very same things we can do to help veterans avoid being pulled into extremist and violent groups,” said Rep. Mark Takano, D-Riverside, the top Democrat on the committee who called for \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832964-house-committee-on-veterans-affairs-the-importance-of-peer-support-in-preventing-domestic-violent-extremism\">the hearings (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takano began looking into the issue in 2019 after a hearing about online scams targeting veterans led to research on which other groups target vets, according to a former member of his staff. Groups like the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys and Three Percenters \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-veterans.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Extremism%20Report.pdf\">target veterans because of their combat and weapons experience and the air of credibility they bring (PDF)\u003c/a> to an organization, according to an accompanying report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to raise our level of support for veterans to reduce these sort of upstream stressors that can lead to some veterans turning toward extremism,” said Takano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hearings exposed \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhHK4O7opHw\">sharp disagreement\u003c/a> in the federal government over whether time and resources should be allocated to understanding the problem — and whether one even exists. Republicans, including Mike Bost of Illinois, who is now the committee’s chair, said the hearings \u003ca href=\"https://veterans.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=5922\">unfairly stigmatized veterans\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11952322 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A close-up of two middle-aged men in blue suits outside on a sunny day, both with trim, dark haircuts. The man on the right, who appears Latino, speaks into the ear of the other, who appears Asian. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Mark Takano (left) speaks with Rep. Raul Ruiz during a 2021 news conference with other members of the House Veterans Affairs’ Committee. \u003ccite>(Caroline Brehman/CQ-Roll Call via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In July 2022, a Senate Armed Services Committee report \u003ca href=\"https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/fy23_ndaa_bill_report.pdf\">called for an immediate halt to defense programs looking into extremism (PDF)\u003c/a>, adding, “spending additional time and resources to combat exceptionally rare instances of extremism in the military is an inappropriate use of taxpayer funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans voted overwhelmingly in favor of the language while Democrats voted against it. One independent lawmaker tipped the balance in favor of the GOP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several months later, all House-passed provisions calling for further investigation of extremism in the military and broader society were \u003ca href=\"https://rollcall.com/2022/12/14/final-ndaa-removes-most-house-provisions-on-hate-groups/\">scaled back or removed from the final 2023 National Defense Authorization Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Defense Department spokesperson \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/3400498/sabrina-singh-deputy-press-secretary-holds-a-press-briefing/\">told reporters last month\u003c/a> that only one of the six recommendations issued by the agency’s Countering Extremism Working Group, created in the wake of Jan. 6, has been enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers say that while the involvement of veterans and active-duty military in criminal extremism is limited, it’s a problem that could be growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the veteran population in our data set, there are really two types of veterans that radicalize: individuals that are looking for the camaraderie, the sense of purpose, the friendships that they had in the military,” Jensen said. “And they find it in these extremist organizations, groups like the Oath Keepers and Three Percenter organizations and the boogaloo movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second type typically experience mental health issues such as combat-related PTSD, in addition to that same desire for camaraderie and purpose, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s unclear exactly which factors drew Rush to the boogaloo movement, documents from multiple state and federal court cases reviewed by KQED, as well as interviews with military and extremism experts and people who knew Rush, point to numerous factors — social isolation, PTSD, challenges translating combat skills to the civilian workforce, relationship difficulties and unhealed trauma — that could have played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a text message from a KQED reporter, Rush, who was released from a federal prison in Santa Barbara County in November, wrote that he wanted to move on with his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made my mistakes,” he wrote. “I did my time, and I’m paying my debt to society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Set up for failure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“On the couch.” That’s the phrase Jack Griffith uses to describe the veterans he works with who need his help the most. In other words, those who are depressed, disinterested and unmotivated to leave the house or do much of anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why a lot of people make jokes about veterans living in their mom’s basement,” said Griffith, who runs Protecting Soldiers’ Rights, a nonprofit that assists veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury, or TBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not coming out because of social anxiety,” he added. “They may have survivor’s guilt, they may have situational awareness that is going off all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951954\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11951954 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a long graying beard and shaved head leans against the edge of an above-ground swimming pool in the backyard of a home. He has tattoos on his arms and holds a cigarette in his left hands, and he wears baggy dark blue jeans and a dark gray sweatshirt.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veterans advocate Jack Griffith in his backyard in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One afternoon last fall, Griffith, 41, sat at a wrought-iron table in his backyard in rural Turlock. As hummingbirds flitted around the porch, the stay-at-home dad with icy blue eyes and a long, scraggly beard lit a Camel cigarette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every so often, a cloud of dust drifted over the fence and coated the cars in the driveway as the farmer next door drove a tractor through his orchard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith served in the Army from 2008–2011 and deployed to Afghanistan. In 2009, he was awarded a Purple Heart after the vehicle he was riding in was hit by a 300-pound roadside bomb and he had to be medevaced out. Griffith started Protecting Soldiers’ Rights in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, he receives about 10 calls a week from veterans, including some from out of state. They call with legal questions or questions about benefits. Some call on the verge of a panic attack. Many, like Rush, come over to Griffith’s house to sit in the backyard, smoke cigarettes and just talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time the two met in February 2019, Rush wasn’t “on the couch.” But Griffith suspected he was headed there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell he was reminiscent of his military service. I’m reminiscent,” Griffith said, holding back tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Anonymous veteran who served in Afghanistan with Jessie Rush\"]‘How do you convert kicking down doors and knowing how to kill people … How do you convert that into civilian work? You can’t. Unless you’re a security guard or a police officer.’[/pullquote]Rush was a cannon crewmember in the Army from November 2009–March 2014 and deployed to Afghanistan in March 2011. That year, the Gilroy Dispatch published a letter from Rush’s mother about her son’s unit distributing school supplies to Afghan children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to share the following story about the humanity of war and the hearts of our soldiers in Afghanistan,” Christina Soares wrote. “Through all the bad they still made time to do good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years later, Soares \u003ca href=\"http://documentcloud.org/documents/23832068-christina-soares-letter\">wrote another letter (PDF)\u003c/a>. This time, it was addressed to U.S. District Judge James Donato. Soares described Rush’s difficult childhood, his father’s abuse, the time he spent in an orphanage and foster care, and his time in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After deployment Jessie came home and I knew he was different,” Soares wrote. “He no longer had that twinkle in his eye or the innocence in his smile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, when Rush was home on leave and heard neighbors setting off fireworks, he “hit the floor in the fetal position and cried out for his brothers,” according to the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a December 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834701-defendants-sentencing-memo-and-motion-for-variance\">sentencing memo (PDF)\u003c/a>, Rush’s attorney, Adam Pennella, wrote that Rush “observed carnage and death on a daily basis” in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This included attempting to save a civilian whose intestines were falling out by holding them in place with his hands,” Pennella wrote. “Others in his unit were injured and killed, including one of his closest friends from basic training. Then in the years after discharge, multiple of his friends from the military died (one from an overdose, another from a brain aneurism, and a third from suicide).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832993-fowler-letter\">another letter (PDF)\u003c/a> to Judge Donato, retired Army Sgt. Charles Fowler said that Rush had struggled with PTSD but the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs “did not offer Jessie much help in adjusting therapy or medications.” Fowler also wrote that he had talked with Rush about maintaining the skills they learned in the military, adding, “though we had to be careful because outside of the combat zone, we are not cleared to create our own rules of engagement to deal with items we deem as threats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, 29% of the men and women who served in Iraq and Afghanistan will experience symptoms of PTSD at some point in their lives. Carl Castro, director of Military and Veterans Programs at the University of Southern California’s Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and a retired Army colonel, said PTSD is one of many factors that can lead a veteran to have an unsuccessful transition to civilian life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A veteran might question who they are and whether the sacrifices made in going to war were worth it, according to Castro. One way to regain that sense of identity is to utilize military skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to feel valued as a person,” Castro said. “And one way they do that is by joining an organization that values them, that will tell them, ‘We value you, you are important.’ And not only that, give them an important leadership role in the organization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One veteran who served in Afghanistan with Rush and spoke to KQED on condition of anonymity because of concerns about speaking publicly about a sensitive criminal case, said when he heard about Rush’s case, he wasn’t surprised someone from his unit had been involved in extremism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all get set up for failure going into the armed forces,” he said. “Twenty-four seven, 365, we literally thought someone was going to cut our head off or shoot us. That can change the rest of your life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a soldier leaves the military, he added, job prospects can be limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you convert kicking down doors and knowing how to kill people — and I can march with 20–30 pounds on my back, I can take apart a gun with my eyes closed in two minutes — how do you convert that into civilian work? You can’t. Unless you’re a security guard or a police officer,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to reach Rush’s family for comment were unsuccessful. In a Facebook message, Soares responded to a question about her son with, “You’re wasting your time ma’am.” After a reporter left a business card at Rush’s apartment, a woman identifying herself as “Julie” left a voicemail saying the reporter would be pepper-sprayed if they returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year after Griffith met Rush, Rush launched the Grizzly Scouts. “They say the west won’t boog, were [sic] here to gather like minded Californians who can network and establish local goon squads,” Rush wrote in the description of the Facebook group he started, according to prosecutors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that whole group, whatever the group was, it was more role-play for him,” Griffith said. “I’m afraid that maybe he was trying to impress. I’m hoping he was trying to impress. I just never saw it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Paid to be paranoid\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jerame Ayers sat behind the wheel of a white Jeep pickup truck at an intersection in Modesto and pointed out things the student beside him should be mindful of while working a private security protection job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look at people in their cars,” Ayers said. “Keep an eye out for people doing anything unusual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayers, 46, wore a black baseball cap with a patch on the front showing the silhouette of a rifle over an American flag. The radio was tuned to SiriusXM Patriot. The two were driving to a mock protest scenario, part of the curriculum at the Academy for Professional Development, the Modesto trade school Ayers, an Army veteran, owns and operates. The school offers EMT and private security training courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is, everybody becomes paranoid who goes through my training. It never turns off,” he said. “You get paid to be paranoid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951971\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11951971 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A photo taken from the backseat of a vehicle from behind the driver's side. Blurry in the foreground, and in focus in the rearview mirror, we see a light-skinned man in a black baseball cap driving and looking to the right.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerame Ayers, CEO of the Academy for Professional Development, teaches an executive protection class in Modesto on Nov. 14, 2022. Executive protection provides security for politicians, celebrities and anyone needing protection against public threats. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2019, shortly after he met Griffith, Rush enrolled in Ayers’ 30-day security specialist course, where students learn to guard high-profile clients like CEOs, politicians and celebrities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a career path, protection is popular with veterans who already possess some of the necessary skills, Ayers said. Jobs in the field can bridge the gap between combat and a return to civilian employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what I kind of teach them is reintegration,” Ayers said. “But do not let the warrior mindset fade off, because you’re going to need that in this industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush taught EMT classes at the school and began working jobs in private security, an industry he was well suited for but one that “exacerbated his paranoia and vigilance,” according to his attorney Pennella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from periodically visiting his father, Rush mostly kept to himself, Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jessie didn’t have a community,” Griffith said. “Jessie had an apartment. And he had a wife. And he had me and Jerame after that. He didn’t have people to have his back around here. He didn’t have people to even hang out with around here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush found his community online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"William Braniff, director, START\"]‘[T]hink about the cyclical pattern in the United States of wars and wars ending, and then a small number of disgruntled, or perhaps traumatized, or otherwise disenfranchised veterans coming home from that war and engaging in domestic violent extremism. This is the story of the KKK … There’s a pattern here.’[/pullquote]According to a June 2022 report filed in state court on Carrillo’s “social history and mental decline,” Carrillo found Rush and the Grizzly Scouts in April 2020. After Carrillo joined Facebook groups in support of Second Amendment protections and libertarian ideals, the platform’s algorithm suggested other groups he might be interested in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them was /K/alifornia Kommando, the Facebook group run by Rush, where prosecutors say he recruited for the Grizzly Scouts. Rush invited Carrillo to the Grizzly Scouts’ group chats and asked Carrillo to sign a liability release, a nondisclosure agreement and an employment application that requested information about Carrillo’s military experience. Rush also sent Carrillo a packing list for an in-person meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo later described the Grizzly Scouts as a “paramilitary organization that viewed police as the enemy.” The group was mostly made up of veterans upset with the government for various reasons, including the state of the veteran health care system, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11952314 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot of a web-based document, with some text highlighted in yellow.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In this graphic first obtained and published by ProPublica, UC Berkeley Journalism’s Investigative Reporting Program and Frontline, candidates for the Grizzly Scouts are asked to provide details of their prior military experience and firearms training. \u003ccite>(Courtesy \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/i-felt-hate-more-than-anything-how-an-active-duty-airman-tried-to-start-a-civil-war\">ProPublica\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Court records show members of the group were given ranks. As commanding officer, Rush held the rank of major. Robert Jesus Blancas, a transient Castro Valley resident, was responsible for security and intelligence, while Kenny Miksch of San Lorenzo was in charge of training and firearms instruction. They were named first lieutenants. Simon Sage Ybarra of Los Gatos held the rank of corporal and was responsible for recruitment. Carrillo was made staff sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/22123771/indictment.pdf\">Members discussed tactics for killing police in a WhatsApp group chat labeled “209 Goon HQ” (PDF)\u003c/a>, a reference to the Central Valley area code, according to a March 2021 indictment. At one point, Rush messaged another member: “The gov spent 100s of thousands of dollars on training me, im gonna use that shit,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23558592-jessie-alexander-rush-government-sentencing-memorandum\">court records show (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2020, Rush invited Carrillo to a secluded ranch east of Turlock and told him to bring guns, ammunition, a burner phone and other supplies. Carrillo met with the Grizzly Scouts twice — around May 9 and May 16. He returned home “energized and ecstatic, keenly focused on the mission of the group, and agitated about police misconduct,” Carrillo’s then-girlfriend said, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith and Ayers said Rush invited them to hang out with the Grizzly Scouts, but they declined. Neither thought the group was anything unusual. When Griffith asked Rush who would be there, he said Rush responded, “Like-minded people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951953\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11951953 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged white man with a long, scraggly beard reaches over a chest-high wire fence to pet the nose of a white mutt, whose nose is in the air to reach the man's hand. They are surrounded by a scrubby lawn of dirt and grass, and sunlight filters through light green tree cover behind them, alongside a one-story shed with beige siding.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jack Griffith pets his dog at his home in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Data show 84% of people with military backgrounds who committed extremist crimes from 1990 to 2021 did so after leaving the military. On average, crimes were committed 15 years after discharge, according to START.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most infamous examples of violent extremism in U.S. history is the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. Hundreds of people were injured by the blast that killed 168, 19 of whom were children. The perpetrator, Timothy McVeigh, was an Army veteran, private security guard and white supremacist assisted by a man he met in basic training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not illogical if you think about the cyclical pattern in the United States of wars and wars ending, and then a small number of disgruntled, or perhaps traumatized, or otherwise disenfranchised veterans coming home from that war and engaging in domestic violent extremism,” said William Braniff, director of START. “This is the story of the KKK, both after the Civil War, but then after World War I and II, in Korea and Vietnam. There’s a pattern here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Buckley, an Army veteran who was a member of the Ku Klux Klan from 2013 to 2016 and now helps young people deradicalize as an intervention specialist with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.parents4peace.org/our-team/\">Parents for Peace\u003c/a>, said there’s no shortage of reasons why veterans get involved in extremism. Buckley told KQED his own radicalization began inside the military. Learning to dehumanize his enemy was a tool that served him well emotionally in combat, but was never deactivated, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home with this hatred towards Muslims that was left completely unchecked,” said Buckley. “Then about six months after I got home, I started to have my experiences with PTSD. And I started to really break down mentally. Couple that with substance abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he needed help, the KKK was there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t come at me with pitchforks, burning crosses and robes,” said Buckley, who testified in front of the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs in March 2022. “They were like, ‘Hey, man, what’s going on, bro? Like, you need help with Christmas? Here’s some food, bro. Let’s take care of your family before we talk about what we do.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the first time anybody had reached out to help me. The VA wasn’t,” Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to an email asking what the VA is doing to support veterans vulnerable to recruitment by extremist groups, Press Secretary Terrence Hayes said the agency is committed to educating veterans on how to identify disinformation and predatory practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like any group of Americans, the Veteran community is not a monolith. The overwhelming majority of Veterans neither commit nor condone extremism-related violence,” he wrote. “VA will take action where necessary to abide by laws that protect our country against a tiny minority committed to domestic violent extremism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas Sanders, who served as a medic in Afghanistan alongside Rush and is now a nurse in Texas, said groups like the Proud Boys and “other wannabe militias” prey on veterans searching for belonging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I got out of the military, I worked at a military surplus store, and it was weekly,” he said. “People are handing me their cards like, ‘Hey, you know, we’ve got this club,’ or ‘We’ve got this group. We meet up on the weekends, bring your family and do all this.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders was initially attracted to the displays of camaraderie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then you start reading into it. You’re looking at their pictures and it’s like, ‘Oh, there’s only white people in here,’” he said. “It’s the equivalent of a gang to me. Gangs don’t prey on well-established people. Gangs prey on people that are looking for that acceptance and approval.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I offed a fed’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In May 2020, the Grizzly Scouts prepared for an operation at a protest in Sacramento, according to prosecutors. Members distributed an “Operations Order” that identified law enforcement as “enemy forces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 27, 2020, Carrillo and Ybarra met behind a gas station in Los Gatos to assemble an assault rifle in the back of Carrillo’s van. The next day, Carrillo contacted Ybarra about attending a protest in Oakland, to “snipe some you know what’s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ybarra didn’t respond. Instead he reached out to Rush, saying, “just wanted to make sure we are on the same page, and that targeting innocents doesn’t fly with me even if they are wearing a badge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush agreed, but said, “yea we need to actually develop targets and cases, be smart. They want war, then we bring em war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23558592-jessie-alexander-rush-government-sentencing-memorandum\">He went on (PDF)\u003c/a>: “We can start developing case files, gathering intel, and doing it just like big bro does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“im not about the fireworks,” he continued. “im more like a surgeon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 29, 2020, Carrillo rode to Oakland in a white van, allegedly driven by Robert Alvin Justus Jr., another man he met online. As they drove past the Federal Building, Carrillo flung open the sliding door and unloaded a fusillade of bullets toward two Federal Protective Service officers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">killing David Patrick Underwood, 53, and wounding Sombat Mifkovic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week later, Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s deputies were in Ben Lomond responding to a call about a white van with weapons inside. Carrillo ambushed the officers, killing Sgt. Damon Gutzwiller, 38, and wounding Deputy Alex Spencer, 32 at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that day, Ybarra drove to Turlock to meet with Rush, prosecutors said, and group members conspired to erase conversations from their phones in which they discussed attacking police. Blancas destroyed Dropbox files related to the group’s structure, onboarding and operations, telling Ybarra a month later, “All physical files I had were literally burned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He removed our platform and robbed our message,” Rush \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832071-govuscourtscand375526170_1\">wrote to the Grizzly Scouts (PDF)\u003c/a>, referring to Carrillo. “Unfortunately we would almost have to wait for the next one. Which is disgusting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grizzly Scouts switched to a new messaging platform they thought would be more secure, according to prosecutors. A couple of weeks later, Rush began contacting members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jump on [another communication’s platform] if you miss us were [sic] reinventing and if you wanna be apart [sic] of it we’d love to have you back,” Rush said to one member, according to court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Enough\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On an overcast afternoon last September, firearm enthusiasts inside a gun show at the Stanislaus County Fairgrounds perused tables stacked with Army fatigues, old tactical manuals, knives and bulletproof vests. Every so often, a loud jolt came from a corner where a stun gun was being demoed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one booth, a man and a woman wearing “California State Militia, 2nd Regiment” T-shirts answered a young man’s questions. Across the aisle, a group of men browsed ammunition magazines modified to hold no more than 10 rounds, per California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he browsed the exhibits, stopping occasionally to talk with vendors, Ayers said he believed Rush may have talked about violence that he didn’t actually plan to carry out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vets, we all get together and hang out,” Ayers said. “I think he got in over his head.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, when coverage of Carrillo’s violence was on the news, Rush stopped by Ayers’ school and told him: “I know the two guys that are involved in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951952\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11951952 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man looks seriously at the camera standing in front of a storefront at a strip mall next to a banner showing an insignia featuring a snake and two falcons. The man wears a black hat with an American flag, glasses, a dark fleece, and blue jeans.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerame Ayers stands outside his school in Modesto, on Nov. 14, 2022. The school offers executive protection, physical security and EMT classes. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘How’d that all go down?’ He’s like, ‘No, we all hung out. And those two individuals were at the place that we hung out,'” Ayers said. “I’m like, ‘I hope you’re not connected to them.’ He says, ‘I mean, other than meeting up with them, but I would never think they’d go do this.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August that year, the FBI executed search warrants for Rush’s apartment and the homes of other Grizzly Scout members. When he found out about the raid, Ayers said he asked Rush if there was something he wasn’t telling him. “He’s like, ‘No,'” Ayers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith, too, remembered the raid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that was kind of where I was like, ‘This is federal territory, buddy,'” Griffith said. “We don’t touch this. This isn’t about PTSD and TBI. If the FBI is knocking [on] your door or kicking or whatever, that’s more serious than what we can handle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2021, Ayers said, he received a text from Rush saying FBI agents wanted to meet with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I said, ‘They didn’t arrest you then, and now they want to talk to you?’ I go, ‘If they are going to talk to you, go there, do what you’re supposed to do,” Ayers said. “You participate, you do what you’re told.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Griffith found out Rush was being summoned by federal agents, he drove to the meeting at a Turlock Police Department precinct to offer support. Rush was already handcuffed in the back of a black SUV when he arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834714-indictment\">other Grizzly Scout members were indicted (PDF)\u003c/a> on charges including conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings, destruction of records in official proceedings and obstruction of official proceedings. At sentencing, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834715-sentencing-transcript-rush-ybarra-miksch\">Rush told the court he was “fearful and paranoid” (PDF)\u003c/a> at the time he created the Grizzly Scouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was exposed to so much rhetoric that seemed contradictory,” he said. “Things that were being said by the government on social media, the state, and just in the news in general just seems like it was pushing back against each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew O’Bryan, who served with Rush and stayed in contact with him, said the charges didn’t sound like Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He started [the group] so that veterans like him and me could have just a little bit of normalcy,” said O’Bryan, who wrote a letter on Rush’s behalf before sentencing. “He said that some guy in his group was apparently going off the deep end saying some crazy stuff, and that they all came after him because he was the one who put that stuff together just trying to help people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Rush, both Ybarra and Miksch pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings and were sentenced to six months in prison in May 2022. Both were released in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blancas was sentenced to 10 ½ years after pleading guilty to charges tied to the Grizzly Scouts case and explicit conversations with underage girls that FBI agents uncovered during a search of his electronic devices. He is currently serving time at a federal prison in Fort Worth, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo is incarcerated at Mule Creek State Prison in Ione in Amador County. Through his attorney in the federal case, he declined to be interviewed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11951972 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a long beard sits outdoors in the shade of a tree, at a table with a red table cloth. On the table in front of him are a pack of cigarettes, a lighter, a white mug, a cellphone, and a short stack of papers.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jack Griffith in his backyard in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By November, the hummingbirds in Griffith’s backyard were gone. A stack of magazines sat on the table wrinkled, having been left out in the rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith looked at a text he had received the previous morning. It was from Rush. Out of prison, he asked if Griffith wanted to hang out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I rose my hand, basically donating my life to this country,” Griffith said. “And that oath is not over. And it states foreign and domestic. That puts him in a column of which, if we were out in public, he would be a threat. We’re supposed to be on the same side and now I have to look at you as a threat. You’d be the one that I’m watching in a crowd.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, the two went on a drive. Rush was tight-lipped, Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really feel like I wasn’t enough,” Griffith said, choking back tears. “This is just as shocking as losing someone to suicide that you thought was on the right path. You put in all that work. You think everything’s going one direction, and then either they’re gone or they’re so far offtrack you don’t even realize it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Jessie Rush, Kenny Miksch and Simon Sage Ybarra were sentenced to six months in prison after admitting they destroyed evidence of their communication with fellow boogaloo militia member Steven Carrillo, who murdered two law enforcement officers as a racial uprising gripped California and the nation. Carrillo was captured on June 6, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>teven Carrillo saw the three sheriff’s deputies talking on the narrow, one-lane road leading to his father’s house in Ben Lomond, a small community in the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concealed by the forest and gripping his rifle, Carrillo could hear them coordinating their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s Office was responding to a call about a white van with ammunition and bomb-making supplies that were visible through a window to a man installing game cameras around a nearby wooded property. The vehicle’s registration led officers to a one-room house with potted plants and a gun rack on the porch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago today, on June 6, 2020, Carrillo was cornered. A week earlier, the active-duty Air Force sergeant had \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">killed a Federal Protective Service officer and wounded his partner in a drive-by shooting\u003c/a> in front of the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building in Oakland as a large protest moved through the streets nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Carrillo took out his phone and messaged members of the “1st Detachment, 1st California Grizzly Scouts,” a group of men he met on Facebook. The group associated itself with the anti-government \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2021/01/27/who-are-boogaloos-who-were-visible-capitol-and-later-rallies\">boogaloo movement\u003c/a>, which originated online and became a rallying point for those who believe a second Civil War looms. Adherents toted guns and wore Hawaiian shirts, which the movement has co-opted, at protests following George Floyd’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks before Carrillo’s rampage, the Grizzly Scouts had discussed violent confrontations with the government and attacks on law enforcement in group messages, prosecutors said. The group also trained together at a property in the Sierra foothills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were looking for me. They found me by pure luck,” Carrillo wrote from his hideout, requesting backup. “Kit up and get here. There’s only one road in/out. Take them out when they’re coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dude. How the f— can we get to you in an hour,” one member responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re waiting for reinforcements. I’m listening to them,” Carrillo replied. “Dudes, I offed a fed. They’re staging. Come help. I have cameras everywhere here. They’re waiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Rush, a then-28-year-old U.S. Army veteran and the group’s founder, responded with an order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dillo,” Rush wrote, using Carrillo’s code name, “factory reset your phone and exfil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Exfil\u003c/em> — short for exfiltration, a military term for the removal of units from an area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo ignored the directive. Instead, he opened fire with his modified assault rifle, fatally wounding one officer and sending the other two running into the woods. They radioed to try to warn others of the ambush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before fleeing, Carrillo engaged in a shoot-out with California Highway Patrol officers who answered the distress call. He carjacked a Toyota Camry and ran over one of the Santa Cruz deputies on his way down the mountain. Shot in the hip, Carrillo used his own blood to write messages on the car — “Boog,” “Stop the duopoly” and “I became unreasonable” — before abandoning it. He was ultimately arrested in a backyard after neighbors tackled and restrained him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to prosecutors, the Grizzly Scouts moved quickly to delete evidence of their communication and files about the group’s structure and activity. But it was too late. Rush and two other members \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/four-militia-group-members-plead-guilty-obstruction-justice-conspiracy\">later pleaded guilty\u003c/a> to one count of conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings. All three were sentenced to six months in prison. A fourth member pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice charges in addition to an unrelated charge. He was sentenced to more than 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo was given a life sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘This is not an uncommon story that we see in the veterans and the data that we’ve collected who [have been] radicalized to the point of committing crimes.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the three years since he was captured, significant attention has focused on Carrillo and his murders as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cohenmilstein.com/case-study/underwood-v-meta-platforms-inc-facebook\">the role social media played in connecting him with other extremists\u003c/a>. But scarce information is available about Rush, who grew up in Gilroy and created the Grizzly Scouts, gave the group its military structure and recruited Carrillo and other men throughout Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who knew Rush told KQED they were puzzled by the charges against him. A firefighter and EMT who worked in private security, Rush worked alongside former law enforcement officers, and friends said he never openly expressed anti-police sentiment to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush and his attorney declined to be interviewed for this story. But a deep look into Rush’s background paints a portrait of a veteran seeking the camaraderie and sense of purpose he once found in the armed forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11952311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Two men in military fatigues, one holding a firearm, pose for a photo.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessie Rush (right) sits on a newly constructed deck at Combat Outpost Qeysar, Afghanistan, in 2011, while the soldier beside him does tricep dips. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Nathan Goodall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To report this story, KQED interviewed veterans, including several who served with Rush, researchers and a California lawmaker who called for Congressional hearings on the recruitment of veterans by extremist groups, to find out how vulnerable former soldiers are — and what steps the United States government is taking to identify at-risk veterans like Rush and provide them support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not an uncommon story that we see in the veterans and the data that we’ve collected who [have been] radicalized to the point of committing crimes,” said Dr. Michael Jensen, senior researcher at the University of Maryland’s National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, or START.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2022 START study, on average, 6.9 individuals with military backgrounds committed crimes motivated by ideology per year from 1990 to 2010. Over the past decade, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23830338-start-research-brief-april-2023\">that number has quintupled (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 17% of defendants charged in connection to the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection were current or former service members, including eight from California, according to START. For comparison, about 7% of the country’s adult population are veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excluding the Jan. 6 cases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23830338-start-research-brief-april-2023\">the rate of crimes committed by people with military backgrounds (PDF)\u003c/a> and motivated by political, social, religious or economic goals has more than tripled since 2010. The majority of cases are centered in the veteran community, as opposed to active-duty military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Stewart Rhodes, a former Army paratrooper and Yale Law School graduate who founded the far-right militia group the Oath Keepers, was convicted of seditious conspiracy and other charges for crimes related to the breach of the U.S. Capitol. On May 25, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/25/us/politics/oath-keepers-stewart-rhodes-sentenced.html\">he was sentenced to 18 years in prison\u003c/a>. An Anti-Defamation League analysis of Oath Keepers membership data identified 117 active-duty military and estimated 1 in 10 had prior service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In January, three active-duty Marines were charged with crimes related to their alleged involvement on Jan. 6. One of the men, based at Camp Pendleton in Southern California, wrote in an Instagram direct message that he was “waiting for the boogaloo” or “Civil war 2,” according to court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, an Air National Guardsman suspected of leaking a trove of national security documents on the online platform Discord was arrested in Massachusetts. Federal court documents show Jack Teixeira, 21, possessed a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23824103-teixeira-governments-supplemental-motion\">virtual arsenal of weapons (PDF)\u003c/a>” and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23824102-teixeira-declaration-of-luke-church-fbi-special-agent\">had discussed acts of violence online (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to prosecutors and the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/splc-2021-year-in-hate-extremism-report.pdf\">there were 45 anti-government groups, including four militias, active in California (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center. Exactly how many veterans have been involved in extremist groups in the state is unknown due to the lack of consistent data, said Jon Lewis, research fellow at the Program on Extremism at George Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike cases stemming from support for foreign terrorist organizations like ISIS or al-Qaida, group membership in the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys, boogaloo movement, etc., is secondary and not a predicate for the criminal offense,” Lewis said. “We can identify cases in which that affiliation or ideology is explicitly identified, but it’s naturally limited by the failures of the federal and state governments to publicly share information related to these statistics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, not long after rioters stormed the Capitol, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin \u003ca href=\"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Feb/05/2002577485/-1/-1/0/STAND-DOWN-TO-ADDRESS-EXTREMISM-IN-THE-RANKS.PDF\">ordered a military-wide stand-down to discuss extremism in the ranks (PDF)\u003c/a>. The House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs began a series of hearings investigating the issue later that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the types of things we can do to help prevent veterans from dying by suicide are the very same things we can do to help veterans avoid being pulled into extremist and violent groups,” said Rep. Mark Takano, D-Riverside, the top Democrat on the committee who called for \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832964-house-committee-on-veterans-affairs-the-importance-of-peer-support-in-preventing-domestic-violent-extremism\">the hearings (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takano began looking into the issue in 2019 after a hearing about online scams targeting veterans led to research on which other groups target vets, according to a former member of his staff. Groups like the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys and Three Percenters \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-veterans.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Extremism%20Report.pdf\">target veterans because of their combat and weapons experience and the air of credibility they bring (PDF)\u003c/a> to an organization, according to an accompanying report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to raise our level of support for veterans to reduce these sort of upstream stressors that can lead to some veterans turning toward extremism,” said Takano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hearings exposed \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhHK4O7opHw\">sharp disagreement\u003c/a> in the federal government over whether time and resources should be allocated to understanding the problem — and whether one even exists. Republicans, including Mike Bost of Illinois, who is now the committee’s chair, said the hearings \u003ca href=\"https://veterans.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=5922\">unfairly stigmatized veterans\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11952322 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A close-up of two middle-aged men in blue suits outside on a sunny day, both with trim, dark haircuts. The man on the right, who appears Latino, speaks into the ear of the other, who appears Asian. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Mark Takano (left) speaks with Rep. Raul Ruiz during a 2021 news conference with other members of the House Veterans Affairs’ Committee. \u003ccite>(Caroline Brehman/CQ-Roll Call via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In July 2022, a Senate Armed Services Committee report \u003ca href=\"https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/fy23_ndaa_bill_report.pdf\">called for an immediate halt to defense programs looking into extremism (PDF)\u003c/a>, adding, “spending additional time and resources to combat exceptionally rare instances of extremism in the military is an inappropriate use of taxpayer funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans voted overwhelmingly in favor of the language while Democrats voted against it. One independent lawmaker tipped the balance in favor of the GOP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several months later, all House-passed provisions calling for further investigation of extremism in the military and broader society were \u003ca href=\"https://rollcall.com/2022/12/14/final-ndaa-removes-most-house-provisions-on-hate-groups/\">scaled back or removed from the final 2023 National Defense Authorization Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Defense Department spokesperson \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/3400498/sabrina-singh-deputy-press-secretary-holds-a-press-briefing/\">told reporters last month\u003c/a> that only one of the six recommendations issued by the agency’s Countering Extremism Working Group, created in the wake of Jan. 6, has been enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers say that while the involvement of veterans and active-duty military in criminal extremism is limited, it’s a problem that could be growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the veteran population in our data set, there are really two types of veterans that radicalize: individuals that are looking for the camaraderie, the sense of purpose, the friendships that they had in the military,” Jensen said. “And they find it in these extremist organizations, groups like the Oath Keepers and Three Percenter organizations and the boogaloo movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second type typically experience mental health issues such as combat-related PTSD, in addition to that same desire for camaraderie and purpose, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s unclear exactly which factors drew Rush to the boogaloo movement, documents from multiple state and federal court cases reviewed by KQED, as well as interviews with military and extremism experts and people who knew Rush, point to numerous factors — social isolation, PTSD, challenges translating combat skills to the civilian workforce, relationship difficulties and unhealed trauma — that could have played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a text message from a KQED reporter, Rush, who was released from a federal prison in Santa Barbara County in November, wrote that he wanted to move on with his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made my mistakes,” he wrote. “I did my time, and I’m paying my debt to society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Set up for failure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“On the couch.” That’s the phrase Jack Griffith uses to describe the veterans he works with who need his help the most. In other words, those who are depressed, disinterested and unmotivated to leave the house or do much of anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why a lot of people make jokes about veterans living in their mom’s basement,” said Griffith, who runs Protecting Soldiers’ Rights, a nonprofit that assists veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury, or TBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not coming out because of social anxiety,” he added. “They may have survivor’s guilt, they may have situational awareness that is going off all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951954\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11951954 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a long graying beard and shaved head leans against the edge of an above-ground swimming pool in the backyard of a home. He has tattoos on his arms and holds a cigarette in his left hands, and he wears baggy dark blue jeans and a dark gray sweatshirt.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veterans advocate Jack Griffith in his backyard in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One afternoon last fall, Griffith, 41, sat at a wrought-iron table in his backyard in rural Turlock. As hummingbirds flitted around the porch, the stay-at-home dad with icy blue eyes and a long, scraggly beard lit a Camel cigarette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every so often, a cloud of dust drifted over the fence and coated the cars in the driveway as the farmer next door drove a tractor through his orchard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith served in the Army from 2008–2011 and deployed to Afghanistan. In 2009, he was awarded a Purple Heart after the vehicle he was riding in was hit by a 300-pound roadside bomb and he had to be medevaced out. Griffith started Protecting Soldiers’ Rights in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, he receives about 10 calls a week from veterans, including some from out of state. They call with legal questions or questions about benefits. Some call on the verge of a panic attack. Many, like Rush, come over to Griffith’s house to sit in the backyard, smoke cigarettes and just talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time the two met in February 2019, Rush wasn’t “on the couch.” But Griffith suspected he was headed there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell he was reminiscent of his military service. I’m reminiscent,” Griffith said, holding back tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘How do you convert kicking down doors and knowing how to kill people … How do you convert that into civilian work? You can’t. Unless you’re a security guard or a police officer.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Rush was a cannon crewmember in the Army from November 2009–March 2014 and deployed to Afghanistan in March 2011. That year, the Gilroy Dispatch published a letter from Rush’s mother about her son’s unit distributing school supplies to Afghan children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to share the following story about the humanity of war and the hearts of our soldiers in Afghanistan,” Christina Soares wrote. “Through all the bad they still made time to do good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years later, Soares \u003ca href=\"http://documentcloud.org/documents/23832068-christina-soares-letter\">wrote another letter (PDF)\u003c/a>. This time, it was addressed to U.S. District Judge James Donato. Soares described Rush’s difficult childhood, his father’s abuse, the time he spent in an orphanage and foster care, and his time in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After deployment Jessie came home and I knew he was different,” Soares wrote. “He no longer had that twinkle in his eye or the innocence in his smile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, when Rush was home on leave and heard neighbors setting off fireworks, he “hit the floor in the fetal position and cried out for his brothers,” according to the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a December 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834701-defendants-sentencing-memo-and-motion-for-variance\">sentencing memo (PDF)\u003c/a>, Rush’s attorney, Adam Pennella, wrote that Rush “observed carnage and death on a daily basis” in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This included attempting to save a civilian whose intestines were falling out by holding them in place with his hands,” Pennella wrote. “Others in his unit were injured and killed, including one of his closest friends from basic training. Then in the years after discharge, multiple of his friends from the military died (one from an overdose, another from a brain aneurism, and a third from suicide).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832993-fowler-letter\">another letter (PDF)\u003c/a> to Judge Donato, retired Army Sgt. Charles Fowler said that Rush had struggled with PTSD but the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs “did not offer Jessie much help in adjusting therapy or medications.” Fowler also wrote that he had talked with Rush about maintaining the skills they learned in the military, adding, “though we had to be careful because outside of the combat zone, we are not cleared to create our own rules of engagement to deal with items we deem as threats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, 29% of the men and women who served in Iraq and Afghanistan will experience symptoms of PTSD at some point in their lives. Carl Castro, director of Military and Veterans Programs at the University of Southern California’s Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and a retired Army colonel, said PTSD is one of many factors that can lead a veteran to have an unsuccessful transition to civilian life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A veteran might question who they are and whether the sacrifices made in going to war were worth it, according to Castro. One way to regain that sense of identity is to utilize military skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to feel valued as a person,” Castro said. “And one way they do that is by joining an organization that values them, that will tell them, ‘We value you, you are important.’ And not only that, give them an important leadership role in the organization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One veteran who served in Afghanistan with Rush and spoke to KQED on condition of anonymity because of concerns about speaking publicly about a sensitive criminal case, said when he heard about Rush’s case, he wasn’t surprised someone from his unit had been involved in extremism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all get set up for failure going into the armed forces,” he said. “Twenty-four seven, 365, we literally thought someone was going to cut our head off or shoot us. That can change the rest of your life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a soldier leaves the military, he added, job prospects can be limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you convert kicking down doors and knowing how to kill people — and I can march with 20–30 pounds on my back, I can take apart a gun with my eyes closed in two minutes — how do you convert that into civilian work? You can’t. Unless you’re a security guard or a police officer,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to reach Rush’s family for comment were unsuccessful. In a Facebook message, Soares responded to a question about her son with, “You’re wasting your time ma’am.” After a reporter left a business card at Rush’s apartment, a woman identifying herself as “Julie” left a voicemail saying the reporter would be pepper-sprayed if they returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year after Griffith met Rush, Rush launched the Grizzly Scouts. “They say the west won’t boog, were [sic] here to gather like minded Californians who can network and establish local goon squads,” Rush wrote in the description of the Facebook group he started, according to prosecutors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that whole group, whatever the group was, it was more role-play for him,” Griffith said. “I’m afraid that maybe he was trying to impress. I’m hoping he was trying to impress. I just never saw it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Paid to be paranoid\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jerame Ayers sat behind the wheel of a white Jeep pickup truck at an intersection in Modesto and pointed out things the student beside him should be mindful of while working a private security protection job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look at people in their cars,” Ayers said. “Keep an eye out for people doing anything unusual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayers, 46, wore a black baseball cap with a patch on the front showing the silhouette of a rifle over an American flag. The radio was tuned to SiriusXM Patriot. The two were driving to a mock protest scenario, part of the curriculum at the Academy for Professional Development, the Modesto trade school Ayers, an Army veteran, owns and operates. The school offers EMT and private security training courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is, everybody becomes paranoid who goes through my training. It never turns off,” he said. “You get paid to be paranoid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951971\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11951971 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A photo taken from the backseat of a vehicle from behind the driver's side. Blurry in the foreground, and in focus in the rearview mirror, we see a light-skinned man in a black baseball cap driving and looking to the right.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerame Ayers, CEO of the Academy for Professional Development, teaches an executive protection class in Modesto on Nov. 14, 2022. Executive protection provides security for politicians, celebrities and anyone needing protection against public threats. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2019, shortly after he met Griffith, Rush enrolled in Ayers’ 30-day security specialist course, where students learn to guard high-profile clients like CEOs, politicians and celebrities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a career path, protection is popular with veterans who already possess some of the necessary skills, Ayers said. Jobs in the field can bridge the gap between combat and a return to civilian employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what I kind of teach them is reintegration,” Ayers said. “But do not let the warrior mindset fade off, because you’re going to need that in this industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush taught EMT classes at the school and began working jobs in private security, an industry he was well suited for but one that “exacerbated his paranoia and vigilance,” according to his attorney Pennella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from periodically visiting his father, Rush mostly kept to himself, Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jessie didn’t have a community,” Griffith said. “Jessie had an apartment. And he had a wife. And he had me and Jerame after that. He didn’t have people to have his back around here. He didn’t have people to even hang out with around here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush found his community online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘[T]hink about the cyclical pattern in the United States of wars and wars ending, and then a small number of disgruntled, or perhaps traumatized, or otherwise disenfranchised veterans coming home from that war and engaging in domestic violent extremism. This is the story of the KKK … There’s a pattern here.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>According to a June 2022 report filed in state court on Carrillo’s “social history and mental decline,” Carrillo found Rush and the Grizzly Scouts in April 2020. After Carrillo joined Facebook groups in support of Second Amendment protections and libertarian ideals, the platform’s algorithm suggested other groups he might be interested in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them was /K/alifornia Kommando, the Facebook group run by Rush, where prosecutors say he recruited for the Grizzly Scouts. Rush invited Carrillo to the Grizzly Scouts’ group chats and asked Carrillo to sign a liability release, a nondisclosure agreement and an employment application that requested information about Carrillo’s military experience. Rush also sent Carrillo a packing list for an in-person meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo later described the Grizzly Scouts as a “paramilitary organization that viewed police as the enemy.” The group was mostly made up of veterans upset with the government for various reasons, including the state of the veteran health care system, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11952314 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot of a web-based document, with some text highlighted in yellow.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In this graphic first obtained and published by ProPublica, UC Berkeley Journalism’s Investigative Reporting Program and Frontline, candidates for the Grizzly Scouts are asked to provide details of their prior military experience and firearms training. \u003ccite>(Courtesy \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/i-felt-hate-more-than-anything-how-an-active-duty-airman-tried-to-start-a-civil-war\">ProPublica\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Court records show members of the group were given ranks. As commanding officer, Rush held the rank of major. Robert Jesus Blancas, a transient Castro Valley resident, was responsible for security and intelligence, while Kenny Miksch of San Lorenzo was in charge of training and firearms instruction. They were named first lieutenants. Simon Sage Ybarra of Los Gatos held the rank of corporal and was responsible for recruitment. Carrillo was made staff sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/22123771/indictment.pdf\">Members discussed tactics for killing police in a WhatsApp group chat labeled “209 Goon HQ” (PDF)\u003c/a>, a reference to the Central Valley area code, according to a March 2021 indictment. At one point, Rush messaged another member: “The gov spent 100s of thousands of dollars on training me, im gonna use that shit,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23558592-jessie-alexander-rush-government-sentencing-memorandum\">court records show (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2020, Rush invited Carrillo to a secluded ranch east of Turlock and told him to bring guns, ammunition, a burner phone and other supplies. Carrillo met with the Grizzly Scouts twice — around May 9 and May 16. He returned home “energized and ecstatic, keenly focused on the mission of the group, and agitated about police misconduct,” Carrillo’s then-girlfriend said, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith and Ayers said Rush invited them to hang out with the Grizzly Scouts, but they declined. Neither thought the group was anything unusual. When Griffith asked Rush who would be there, he said Rush responded, “Like-minded people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951953\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11951953 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged white man with a long, scraggly beard reaches over a chest-high wire fence to pet the nose of a white mutt, whose nose is in the air to reach the man's hand. They are surrounded by a scrubby lawn of dirt and grass, and sunlight filters through light green tree cover behind them, alongside a one-story shed with beige siding.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jack Griffith pets his dog at his home in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Data show 84% of people with military backgrounds who committed extremist crimes from 1990 to 2021 did so after leaving the military. On average, crimes were committed 15 years after discharge, according to START.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most infamous examples of violent extremism in U.S. history is the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. Hundreds of people were injured by the blast that killed 168, 19 of whom were children. The perpetrator, Timothy McVeigh, was an Army veteran, private security guard and white supremacist assisted by a man he met in basic training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not illogical if you think about the cyclical pattern in the United States of wars and wars ending, and then a small number of disgruntled, or perhaps traumatized, or otherwise disenfranchised veterans coming home from that war and engaging in domestic violent extremism,” said William Braniff, director of START. “This is the story of the KKK, both after the Civil War, but then after World War I and II, in Korea and Vietnam. There’s a pattern here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Buckley, an Army veteran who was a member of the Ku Klux Klan from 2013 to 2016 and now helps young people deradicalize as an intervention specialist with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.parents4peace.org/our-team/\">Parents for Peace\u003c/a>, said there’s no shortage of reasons why veterans get involved in extremism. Buckley told KQED his own radicalization began inside the military. Learning to dehumanize his enemy was a tool that served him well emotionally in combat, but was never deactivated, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home with this hatred towards Muslims that was left completely unchecked,” said Buckley. “Then about six months after I got home, I started to have my experiences with PTSD. And I started to really break down mentally. Couple that with substance abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he needed help, the KKK was there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t come at me with pitchforks, burning crosses and robes,” said Buckley, who testified in front of the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs in March 2022. “They were like, ‘Hey, man, what’s going on, bro? Like, you need help with Christmas? Here’s some food, bro. Let’s take care of your family before we talk about what we do.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the first time anybody had reached out to help me. The VA wasn’t,” Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to an email asking what the VA is doing to support veterans vulnerable to recruitment by extremist groups, Press Secretary Terrence Hayes said the agency is committed to educating veterans on how to identify disinformation and predatory practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like any group of Americans, the Veteran community is not a monolith. The overwhelming majority of Veterans neither commit nor condone extremism-related violence,” he wrote. “VA will take action where necessary to abide by laws that protect our country against a tiny minority committed to domestic violent extremism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas Sanders, who served as a medic in Afghanistan alongside Rush and is now a nurse in Texas, said groups like the Proud Boys and “other wannabe militias” prey on veterans searching for belonging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I got out of the military, I worked at a military surplus store, and it was weekly,” he said. “People are handing me their cards like, ‘Hey, you know, we’ve got this club,’ or ‘We’ve got this group. We meet up on the weekends, bring your family and do all this.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders was initially attracted to the displays of camaraderie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then you start reading into it. You’re looking at their pictures and it’s like, ‘Oh, there’s only white people in here,’” he said. “It’s the equivalent of a gang to me. Gangs don’t prey on well-established people. Gangs prey on people that are looking for that acceptance and approval.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I offed a fed’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In May 2020, the Grizzly Scouts prepared for an operation at a protest in Sacramento, according to prosecutors. Members distributed an “Operations Order” that identified law enforcement as “enemy forces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 27, 2020, Carrillo and Ybarra met behind a gas station in Los Gatos to assemble an assault rifle in the back of Carrillo’s van. The next day, Carrillo contacted Ybarra about attending a protest in Oakland, to “snipe some you know what’s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ybarra didn’t respond. Instead he reached out to Rush, saying, “just wanted to make sure we are on the same page, and that targeting innocents doesn’t fly with me even if they are wearing a badge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush agreed, but said, “yea we need to actually develop targets and cases, be smart. They want war, then we bring em war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23558592-jessie-alexander-rush-government-sentencing-memorandum\">He went on (PDF)\u003c/a>: “We can start developing case files, gathering intel, and doing it just like big bro does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“im not about the fireworks,” he continued. “im more like a surgeon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 29, 2020, Carrillo rode to Oakland in a white van, allegedly driven by Robert Alvin Justus Jr., another man he met online. As they drove past the Federal Building, Carrillo flung open the sliding door and unloaded a fusillade of bullets toward two Federal Protective Service officers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">killing David Patrick Underwood, 53, and wounding Sombat Mifkovic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week later, Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s deputies were in Ben Lomond responding to a call about a white van with weapons inside. Carrillo ambushed the officers, killing Sgt. Damon Gutzwiller, 38, and wounding Deputy Alex Spencer, 32 at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that day, Ybarra drove to Turlock to meet with Rush, prosecutors said, and group members conspired to erase conversations from their phones in which they discussed attacking police. Blancas destroyed Dropbox files related to the group’s structure, onboarding and operations, telling Ybarra a month later, “All physical files I had were literally burned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He removed our platform and robbed our message,” Rush \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832071-govuscourtscand375526170_1\">wrote to the Grizzly Scouts (PDF)\u003c/a>, referring to Carrillo. “Unfortunately we would almost have to wait for the next one. Which is disgusting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grizzly Scouts switched to a new messaging platform they thought would be more secure, according to prosecutors. A couple of weeks later, Rush began contacting members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jump on [another communication’s platform] if you miss us were [sic] reinventing and if you wanna be apart [sic] of it we’d love to have you back,” Rush said to one member, according to court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Enough\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On an overcast afternoon last September, firearm enthusiasts inside a gun show at the Stanislaus County Fairgrounds perused tables stacked with Army fatigues, old tactical manuals, knives and bulletproof vests. Every so often, a loud jolt came from a corner where a stun gun was being demoed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one booth, a man and a woman wearing “California State Militia, 2nd Regiment” T-shirts answered a young man’s questions. Across the aisle, a group of men browsed ammunition magazines modified to hold no more than 10 rounds, per California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he browsed the exhibits, stopping occasionally to talk with vendors, Ayers said he believed Rush may have talked about violence that he didn’t actually plan to carry out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vets, we all get together and hang out,” Ayers said. “I think he got in over his head.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, when coverage of Carrillo’s violence was on the news, Rush stopped by Ayers’ school and told him: “I know the two guys that are involved in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951952\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11951952 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man looks seriously at the camera standing in front of a storefront at a strip mall next to a banner showing an insignia featuring a snake and two falcons. The man wears a black hat with an American flag, glasses, a dark fleece, and blue jeans.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerame Ayers stands outside his school in Modesto, on Nov. 14, 2022. The school offers executive protection, physical security and EMT classes. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘How’d that all go down?’ He’s like, ‘No, we all hung out. And those two individuals were at the place that we hung out,'” Ayers said. “I’m like, ‘I hope you’re not connected to them.’ He says, ‘I mean, other than meeting up with them, but I would never think they’d go do this.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August that year, the FBI executed search warrants for Rush’s apartment and the homes of other Grizzly Scout members. When he found out about the raid, Ayers said he asked Rush if there was something he wasn’t telling him. “He’s like, ‘No,'” Ayers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith, too, remembered the raid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that was kind of where I was like, ‘This is federal territory, buddy,'” Griffith said. “We don’t touch this. This isn’t about PTSD and TBI. If the FBI is knocking [on] your door or kicking or whatever, that’s more serious than what we can handle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2021, Ayers said, he received a text from Rush saying FBI agents wanted to meet with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I said, ‘They didn’t arrest you then, and now they want to talk to you?’ I go, ‘If they are going to talk to you, go there, do what you’re supposed to do,” Ayers said. “You participate, you do what you’re told.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Griffith found out Rush was being summoned by federal agents, he drove to the meeting at a Turlock Police Department precinct to offer support. Rush was already handcuffed in the back of a black SUV when he arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834714-indictment\">other Grizzly Scout members were indicted (PDF)\u003c/a> on charges including conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings, destruction of records in official proceedings and obstruction of official proceedings. At sentencing, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834715-sentencing-transcript-rush-ybarra-miksch\">Rush told the court he was “fearful and paranoid” (PDF)\u003c/a> at the time he created the Grizzly Scouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was exposed to so much rhetoric that seemed contradictory,” he said. “Things that were being said by the government on social media, the state, and just in the news in general just seems like it was pushing back against each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew O’Bryan, who served with Rush and stayed in contact with him, said the charges didn’t sound like Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He started [the group] so that veterans like him and me could have just a little bit of normalcy,” said O’Bryan, who wrote a letter on Rush’s behalf before sentencing. “He said that some guy in his group was apparently going off the deep end saying some crazy stuff, and that they all came after him because he was the one who put that stuff together just trying to help people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Rush, both Ybarra and Miksch pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings and were sentenced to six months in prison in May 2022. Both were released in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blancas was sentenced to 10 ½ years after pleading guilty to charges tied to the Grizzly Scouts case and explicit conversations with underage girls that FBI agents uncovered during a search of his electronic devices. He is currently serving time at a federal prison in Fort Worth, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo is incarcerated at Mule Creek State Prison in Ione in Amador County. Through his attorney in the federal case, he declined to be interviewed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11951972 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a long beard sits outdoors in the shade of a tree, at a table with a red table cloth. On the table in front of him are a pack of cigarettes, a lighter, a white mug, a cellphone, and a short stack of papers.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jack Griffith in his backyard in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By November, the hummingbirds in Griffith’s backyard were gone. A stack of magazines sat on the table wrinkled, having been left out in the rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith looked at a text he had received the previous morning. It was from Rush. Out of prison, he asked if Griffith wanted to hang out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I rose my hand, basically donating my life to this country,” Griffith said. “And that oath is not over. And it states foreign and domestic. That puts him in a column of which, if we were out in public, he would be a threat. We’re supposed to be on the same side and now I have to look at you as a threat. You’d be the one that I’m watching in a crowd.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, the two went on a drive. Rush was tight-lipped, Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really feel like I wasn’t enough,” Griffith said, choking back tears. “This is just as shocking as losing someone to suicide that you thought was on the right path. You put in all that work. You think everything’s going one direction, and then either they’re gone or they’re so far offtrack you don’t even realize it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A former U.S. Air Force staff sergeant and member of the “boogaloo” extremist movement was sentenced to 41 years in prison Friday for the 2020 fatal shooting of a federal security officer in Oakland amid large protests against police brutality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Carrillo, 33, pleaded guilty earlier this year to a federal murder charge in the killing of David Patrick Underwood and to the attempted murder of Underwood’s colleague after federal prosecutors agreed not to seek the death penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two security officers were shot on May 29, 2020, while they stood in front of a federal building in Oakland as hundreds marched on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities say Carrillo sprayed Underwood’s guard shack with bullets, fatally shooting him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"steven-carrillo\"]In February, Carrillo admitted to posting messages on Facebook a day before the shooting asking anyone if they were “down to boog” and saying he was ready to act and not just talk. He also admitted firing 19 rounds from a homemade AR-15 rifle from the back of a white van that was driven by a man he connected with online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I aligned myself with the anti-government movement and wanted to carry out violent acts against federal law enforcement officers in particular,” Carrillo said at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a February hearing, U.S. District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers said she was not convinced that a 41-year sentence agreed to by prosecutors and defense lawyers was sufficient for Carrillo’s crimes — and warned she would reject the plea deal if she didn’t feel prosecutors and defense lawyers did enough to justify the sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Friday, Gonzalez Rogers handed down the 41-year sentence, which also includes a lifetime of supervised release and a restitution amount to be determined at a later date, a court official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tammy Evans, Underwood’s first cousin, was among several family members who spoke during Friday’s sentencing proceedings. She described him as like a brother to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carrillo is not worth my breath. But David Patrick Underwood is worth every breath I have,” she said. “Carrillo came like a thief in the night and just stole someone from our family who we loved and we cherished.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of Carrillo’s sentence, she said, “No amount of time will ever be sufficient for the pain we have. You chose to take him from us and sometimes I wish I knew why.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors said Carrillo, of Santa Cruz County, had ties to the boogaloo movement, embraced by a loose network of gun enthusiasts and militia-style extremists. Experts say the group started in alt-right culture on the internet with the belief that there is an impending U.S. civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors said Robert Alvin Justus Jr., of Millbrae, drove the van Carrillo fired from. He faces federal charges of murder and attempted murder in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair is accused of driving to Oakland and taking advantage of the distraction afforded by people marching through the city’s downtown to protest George Floyd’s killing by a police officer in Minneapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo was arrested the following week after he allegedly ambushed sheriff’s deputies in Ben Lomond who were responding to a report of a van containing firearms and bomb-making materials. Santa Cruz Sheriff’s Sgt. Damon Gutzwiller, 38, was killed and several other law enforcement officials were wounded, according to authorities and court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors in Santa Cruz charged Carrillo with a slew of felonies, including murder and attempted murder in connection to that killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo has pleaded not guilty to Gutzwiller’s killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Annelise Finney contributed reporting to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Steven Carrillo, 33, a member of the 'boogaloo' extremist movement, was sentenced on Friday for the 2020 fatal shooting of David Patrick Underwood, a federal security officer in Oakland who was standing guard during large racial justice protests.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In February, Carrillo admitted to posting messages on Facebook a day before the shooting asking anyone if they were “down to boog” and saying he was ready to act and not just talk. He also admitted firing 19 rounds from a homemade AR-15 rifle from the back of a white van that was driven by a man he connected with online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I aligned myself with the anti-government movement and wanted to carry out violent acts against federal law enforcement officers in particular,” Carrillo said at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a February hearing, U.S. District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers said she was not convinced that a 41-year sentence agreed to by prosecutors and defense lawyers was sufficient for Carrillo’s crimes — and warned she would reject the plea deal if she didn’t feel prosecutors and defense lawyers did enough to justify the sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Friday, Gonzalez Rogers handed down the 41-year sentence, which also includes a lifetime of supervised release and a restitution amount to be determined at a later date, a court official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tammy Evans, Underwood’s first cousin, was among several family members who spoke during Friday’s sentencing proceedings. She described him as like a brother to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carrillo is not worth my breath. But David Patrick Underwood is worth every breath I have,” she said. “Carrillo came like a thief in the night and just stole someone from our family who we loved and we cherished.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of Carrillo’s sentence, she said, “No amount of time will ever be sufficient for the pain we have. You chose to take him from us and sometimes I wish I knew why.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors said Carrillo, of Santa Cruz County, had ties to the boogaloo movement, embraced by a loose network of gun enthusiasts and militia-style extremists. Experts say the group started in alt-right culture on the internet with the belief that there is an impending U.S. civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors said Robert Alvin Justus Jr., of Millbrae, drove the van Carrillo fired from. He faces federal charges of murder and attempted murder in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair is accused of driving to Oakland and taking advantage of the distraction afforded by people marching through the city’s downtown to protest George Floyd’s killing by a police officer in Minneapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo was arrested the following week after he allegedly ambushed sheriff’s deputies in Ben Lomond who were responding to a report of a van containing firearms and bomb-making materials. Santa Cruz Sheriff’s Sgt. Damon Gutzwiller, 38, was killed and several other law enforcement officials were wounded, according to authorities and court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors in Santa Cruz charged Carrillo with a slew of felonies, including murder and attempted murder in connection to that killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo has pleaded not guilty to Gutzwiller’s killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Annelise Finney contributed reporting to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A former U.S. Air Force staff sergeant and alleged member of the boogaloo extremist movement pleaded guilty Friday to fatally shooting a federal security officer in Oakland amid large 2020 protests against police brutality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Carrillo, 33, of Ben Lomond, California, changed his plea to guilty to a federal murder charge in the killing of David Patrick Underwood, a protective services officer, and to the attempted murder of Underwood’s colleague after federal prosecutors last month agreed not to seek the death penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two security officers were shot on May 29, 2020, while they stood in a guard shack in front of a federal building in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dressed in an orange jumpsuit in federal court, Carrillo read from a plea agreement, admitting to posting messages on Facebook a day before the shooting asking if anyone was “down to boo” and stating he was ready to act and not just talk. He also admitted firing 19 rounds from a homemade AR-15 rifle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I aligned myself with the anti-government movement and wanted to carry out violent acts against federal law enforcement officers in particular,” Carrillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/20220211_114422-scaled-e1644614140277.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11904862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/20220211_114422-scaled-e1644614140277.jpg\" alt=\"A woman in a red dress and man in a gray suit hold hands while walking outside of a courthouse.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Angela Underwood Jacobs, left, the sister of slain federal security officer David Patrick Underwood, leaves the federal courthouse in San Francisco with her partner, Michael Jacobs, on Feb. 11, 2022, after witnessing Steven Carrillo plead guilty to the 2020 killing. \u003ccite>(Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors on Jan. 31 said they would not seek the death penalty, but U.S. District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers said Friday she is not convinced she will accept the plea agreement between prosecutors and defense lawyers that calls for a 41-year prison sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo is scheduled to be sentenced on June 3, but Gonzalez Rogers warned that she could reject the plea agreement if she doesn’t feel prosecutors and defense lawyers do enough to justify the sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I cannot accept a plea unless there was a sufficient independent factual basis for the plea,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if she does accept the deal, Carrillo would go to trial and his admissions in court could be used against him, Gonzalez Rogers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors have said Carrillo, of Santa Cruz, had ties to the boogaloo movement — a concept embraced by a loose network of gun enthusiasts and militia-style extremists. The alt-right group started on the internet predicated on the belief that there is an impending U.S. civil war, according to experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities accused Carrillo of spraying a guard shack with bullets, killing Underwood, who was inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underwood’s sister, Angela Underwood Jacobs, called Carrillo a “domestic terrorist” during Friday’s hearing.[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"steven-carrillo\"]“Cowards like you fear true bravery,” she said, crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underwood Jacobs told reporters she was glad Carrillo would be in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the world is a much safer place without Carrillo and his friends for that much, not walking around on the earth, not being free,” she said. “His actions caused my brother his life and he should not be free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors said Robert Alvin Justus Jr., of Millbrae, drove the white van that Carrillo fired from. The pair are accused of driving to Oakland and taking advantage of the distraction afforded by people marching through the city’s downtown to protest the murder of George Floyd, who had been killed days earlier by a Minneapolis police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week after the shooting in Oakland, Carrillo allegedly ambushed sheriff’s deputies in Santa Cruz County who were responding to a report of a van containing firearms and bomb-making materials. Sgt. Damon Gutzwiller, 38, was killed and several other law enforcement officials were wounded, according to authorities and court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors in Santa Cruz charged Carrillo with a slew of felonies, including murder and attempted murder in connection to that killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo pleaded not guilty to Gutzwiller’s killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Alex Emslie contributed additional reporting.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A former U.S. Air Force staff sergeant and alleged member of the boogaloo extremist movement pleaded guilty Friday to fatally shooting a federal security officer in Oakland amid large 2020 protests against police brutality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Carrillo, 33, of Ben Lomond, California, changed his plea to guilty to a federal murder charge in the killing of David Patrick Underwood, a protective services officer, and to the attempted murder of Underwood’s colleague after federal prosecutors last month agreed not to seek the death penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two security officers were shot on May 29, 2020, while they stood in a guard shack in front of a federal building in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dressed in an orange jumpsuit in federal court, Carrillo read from a plea agreement, admitting to posting messages on Facebook a day before the shooting asking if anyone was “down to boo” and stating he was ready to act and not just talk. He also admitted firing 19 rounds from a homemade AR-15 rifle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I aligned myself with the anti-government movement and wanted to carry out violent acts against federal law enforcement officers in particular,” Carrillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/20220211_114422-scaled-e1644614140277.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11904862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/20220211_114422-scaled-e1644614140277.jpg\" alt=\"A woman in a red dress and man in a gray suit hold hands while walking outside of a courthouse.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Angela Underwood Jacobs, left, the sister of slain federal security officer David Patrick Underwood, leaves the federal courthouse in San Francisco with her partner, Michael Jacobs, on Feb. 11, 2022, after witnessing Steven Carrillo plead guilty to the 2020 killing. \u003ccite>(Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors on Jan. 31 said they would not seek the death penalty, but U.S. District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers said Friday she is not convinced she will accept the plea agreement between prosecutors and defense lawyers that calls for a 41-year prison sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo is scheduled to be sentenced on June 3, but Gonzalez Rogers warned that she could reject the plea agreement if she doesn’t feel prosecutors and defense lawyers do enough to justify the sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I cannot accept a plea unless there was a sufficient independent factual basis for the plea,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if she does accept the deal, Carrillo would go to trial and his admissions in court could be used against him, Gonzalez Rogers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors have said Carrillo, of Santa Cruz, had ties to the boogaloo movement — a concept embraced by a loose network of gun enthusiasts and militia-style extremists. The alt-right group started on the internet predicated on the belief that there is an impending U.S. civil war, according to experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities accused Carrillo of spraying a guard shack with bullets, killing Underwood, who was inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underwood’s sister, Angela Underwood Jacobs, called Carrillo a “domestic terrorist” during Friday’s hearing.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Cowards like you fear true bravery,” she said, crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underwood Jacobs told reporters she was glad Carrillo would be in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the world is a much safer place without Carrillo and his friends for that much, not walking around on the earth, not being free,” she said. “His actions caused my brother his life and he should not be free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors said Robert Alvin Justus Jr., of Millbrae, drove the white van that Carrillo fired from. The pair are accused of driving to Oakland and taking advantage of the distraction afforded by people marching through the city’s downtown to protest the murder of George Floyd, who had been killed days earlier by a Minneapolis police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week after the shooting in Oakland, Carrillo allegedly ambushed sheriff’s deputies in Santa Cruz County who were responding to a report of a van containing firearms and bomb-making materials. Sgt. Damon Gutzwiller, 38, was killed and several other law enforcement officials were wounded, according to authorities and court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors in Santa Cruz charged Carrillo with a slew of felonies, including murder and attempted murder in connection to that killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo pleaded not guilty to Gutzwiller’s killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Alex Emslie contributed additional reporting.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The sister of a federal security officer who was fatally shot while guarding a courthouse during George Floyd-related protests \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21174499-underwood-v-meta-complaint\">has sued Facebook\u003c/a>, accusing the tech giant of playing a role in radicalizing the alleged shooter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Patrick Underwood, 53, was shot and killed on May 29, 2020, in Oakland. Authorities have charged suspected gunman Steven Carrillo with murder. Investigators say \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">Carrillo had ties to the far-right, anti-government boogaloo movement\u003c/a> and that he organized with other boogaloo supporters on Facebook, including his alleged getaway driver, Robert A. Justus Jr., of Millbrae. Carrillo also faces murder charges in the June 5, 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11823427/hundreds-mourn-santa-clara-county-sheriffs-deputy-killed-over-the-weekend\">ambush killing\u003c/a> of a Santa Cruz County sheriff’s deputy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a suit filed Thursday in California state court against Meta, Facebook’s parent company, Angela Underwood Jacobs accused Facebook officials of being aware that the social network was being used as a recruitment tool for boogaloo adherents, yet did not take steps to stop recommending boogaloo-related pages until after Underwood’s death. The suit called the deadly shooting “the culmination of an extremist plot hatched and planned on Facebook by two men who Meta connected through Facebook’s groups infrastructure and its use of algorithms designed and intended to increase user engagement and, correspondingly, Meta’s profits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boogaloo movement is a collection of far-right extremists who claim to want to overthrow the U.S. government through a second civil war. Sometimes clad in Hawaiian-print T-shirts, the group is known to be heavily armed and is highly active online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11824604 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Carrillo-van-oakland-1020x631.jpg']Lawyers for Underwood Jacobs claim Facebook was negligent in designing a product “to promote and engage its users in extremist content” despite knowing that it could lead to potential violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Facebook Inc. knew or could have reasonably foreseen that one or more individuals would be likely to become radicalized upon joining boogaloo-related groups on Facebook,” the suit states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal investigators have said Carrillo, a staff sergeant at Fairfield’s Travis Air Force Base at the time of the shooting, used Facebook to communicate with other boogaloo supporters. On the same day Underwood was killed, Carrillo allegedly posted to a Facebook group that he planned to go to the George Floyd protests in Oakland to “show them the real targets. Use their anger to fuel our fire,” he allegedly wrote. “We have mobs of angry people to use to our advantage,” he wrote, according to federal prosecutors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities say Carrillo wrote that the protest was “a group opportunity to target the specialty soup bois,” a phrase boogaloo adherents use to refer to law enforcement officials because of the “alphabet soup” of federal law enforcement acronyms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underwood Jacobs’s suit contends that if Facebook had altered its algorithm so it was not recommending and promoting boogaloo groups, Carrillo may never have connected online with others in the extremist movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Facebook bears responsibility for the murder of my brother,” Underwood Jacobs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook did not have an immediate response to the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11901003 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AngelaUnderwoodJacobs.jpg\" alt='A Black woman with long, straight hair sits beneath a bright light at a large wooden desk with two plastic water bottles and a pump bottle of hand sanitizer, a white placard in front of her saying in all-capital letters, \"MS. ANGELA UNDERWOOD JACOBS.\" She looks to her direct left, as if someone out of the frame is speaking. Behind her sits a bald White man wearing a gray suit, a yellow tie, and a black facemask.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AngelaUnderwoodJacobs.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AngelaUnderwoodJacobs-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AngelaUnderwoodJacobs-1020x638.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AngelaUnderwoodJacobs-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AngelaUnderwoodJacobs-1536x960.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Angela Underwood Jacobs, whose brother David Underwood was shot and killed in 2020 by a suspect investigators say had right-wing extremist ties while working as a federal security officer in Oakland, attends a June 10, 2020, hearing on Capitol Hill about policing practices and law enforcement accountability prompted by the police murder of George Floyd. \u003ccite>(Brendan Smialowski/Pool/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit is the latest attempt to hold a Big Tech company accountable for real-world harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media companies largely escape legal responsibility in such cases thanks to a law known as Section 230, which prevents online platforms from being held liable for what users post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been rare exceptions in attempts to advance lawsuits against tech companies, like when an appeals court \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/04/993579600/snapchat-can-be-sued-for-role-in-fatal-car-crash-court-rules\">found that Snapchat could be sued\u003c/a> for a feature that allegedly encouraged reckless driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Goldman, a professor at Santa Clara University School of Law who studies Section 230, said Facebook likely will invoke the legal shield in this case, but he said the suit faces other hurdles, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been a number of lawsuits trying to establish that Facebook is liable for how violent groups and terrorists used their services,” Goldman said. “And courts have consistently rejected those claims because services like Facebook aren’t responsible for harms caused by people using the service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit leans heavily on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-facebook-files-11631713039\">Facebook Files\u003c/a>, a cache of internal company documents exposed in a series of stories by The Wall Street Journal. Among the allegations is that Facebook’s algorithm promotes extremism through inflammatory and divisive content in order to keep users engaged and advertising dollars rolling in. Facebook researchers have estimated that the social network only catches between 3% and 5% of hate speech on the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, lawyers for Underwood Jacobs said the Facebook Files revealed “Facebook’s active role in shaping the content on its website as well as creating and building groups on the platform – activities that fall outside of the conduct protected by Section 230.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has reportedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/12/22722885/facebook-militarized-social-movements-banned-internal-list-leak\">banned nearly 1,000 private groups\u003c/a> focused on “militarized social movements” like boogaloo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has previously acknowledged its role in militia-fueled violence. In August 2020, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said it made an “operational mistake” in failing to remove a page for a militia group that called for armed citizens to enter Kenosha, Wisconsin. Two protesters were shot and killed there during demonstrations over the police shooting of Jacob Blake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same month, \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2020/08/addressing-movements-and-organizations-tied-to-violence/\">Facebook said it took down 2,400 pages\u003c/a> and more than 14,000 groups on the site started by militia groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sister+of+slain+security+officer+sues+Facebook+over+killing+tied+to+Boogaloo+movement&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Angela Underwood Jacobs' lawsuit is the latest attempt to hold a Big Tech company responsible for harm caused in the real world that allegedly was fueled by a social media platform.",
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"title": "Sister of Slain Oakland Security Officer Sues Facebook Over Killing Tied to Right-Wing Extremists | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The sister of a federal security officer who was fatally shot while guarding a courthouse during George Floyd-related protests \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21174499-underwood-v-meta-complaint\">has sued Facebook\u003c/a>, accusing the tech giant of playing a role in radicalizing the alleged shooter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Patrick Underwood, 53, was shot and killed on May 29, 2020, in Oakland. Authorities have charged suspected gunman Steven Carrillo with murder. Investigators say \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">Carrillo had ties to the far-right, anti-government boogaloo movement\u003c/a> and that he organized with other boogaloo supporters on Facebook, including his alleged getaway driver, Robert A. Justus Jr., of Millbrae. Carrillo also faces murder charges in the June 5, 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11823427/hundreds-mourn-santa-clara-county-sheriffs-deputy-killed-over-the-weekend\">ambush killing\u003c/a> of a Santa Cruz County sheriff’s deputy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a suit filed Thursday in California state court against Meta, Facebook’s parent company, Angela Underwood Jacobs accused Facebook officials of being aware that the social network was being used as a recruitment tool for boogaloo adherents, yet did not take steps to stop recommending boogaloo-related pages until after Underwood’s death. The suit called the deadly shooting “the culmination of an extremist plot hatched and planned on Facebook by two men who Meta connected through Facebook’s groups infrastructure and its use of algorithms designed and intended to increase user engagement and, correspondingly, Meta’s profits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boogaloo movement is a collection of far-right extremists who claim to want to overthrow the U.S. government through a second civil war. Sometimes clad in Hawaiian-print T-shirts, the group is known to be heavily armed and is highly active online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Lawyers for Underwood Jacobs claim Facebook was negligent in designing a product “to promote and engage its users in extremist content” despite knowing that it could lead to potential violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Facebook Inc. knew or could have reasonably foreseen that one or more individuals would be likely to become radicalized upon joining boogaloo-related groups on Facebook,” the suit states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal investigators have said Carrillo, a staff sergeant at Fairfield’s Travis Air Force Base at the time of the shooting, used Facebook to communicate with other boogaloo supporters. On the same day Underwood was killed, Carrillo allegedly posted to a Facebook group that he planned to go to the George Floyd protests in Oakland to “show them the real targets. Use their anger to fuel our fire,” he allegedly wrote. “We have mobs of angry people to use to our advantage,” he wrote, according to federal prosecutors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities say Carrillo wrote that the protest was “a group opportunity to target the specialty soup bois,” a phrase boogaloo adherents use to refer to law enforcement officials because of the “alphabet soup” of federal law enforcement acronyms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underwood Jacobs’s suit contends that if Facebook had altered its algorithm so it was not recommending and promoting boogaloo groups, Carrillo may never have connected online with others in the extremist movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Facebook bears responsibility for the murder of my brother,” Underwood Jacobs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook did not have an immediate response to the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11901003 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AngelaUnderwoodJacobs.jpg\" alt='A Black woman with long, straight hair sits beneath a bright light at a large wooden desk with two plastic water bottles and a pump bottle of hand sanitizer, a white placard in front of her saying in all-capital letters, \"MS. ANGELA UNDERWOOD JACOBS.\" She looks to her direct left, as if someone out of the frame is speaking. Behind her sits a bald White man wearing a gray suit, a yellow tie, and a black facemask.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AngelaUnderwoodJacobs.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AngelaUnderwoodJacobs-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AngelaUnderwoodJacobs-1020x638.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AngelaUnderwoodJacobs-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AngelaUnderwoodJacobs-1536x960.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Angela Underwood Jacobs, whose brother David Underwood was shot and killed in 2020 by a suspect investigators say had right-wing extremist ties while working as a federal security officer in Oakland, attends a June 10, 2020, hearing on Capitol Hill about policing practices and law enforcement accountability prompted by the police murder of George Floyd. \u003ccite>(Brendan Smialowski/Pool/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit is the latest attempt to hold a Big Tech company accountable for real-world harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media companies largely escape legal responsibility in such cases thanks to a law known as Section 230, which prevents online platforms from being held liable for what users post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been rare exceptions in attempts to advance lawsuits against tech companies, like when an appeals court \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/04/993579600/snapchat-can-be-sued-for-role-in-fatal-car-crash-court-rules\">found that Snapchat could be sued\u003c/a> for a feature that allegedly encouraged reckless driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Goldman, a professor at Santa Clara University School of Law who studies Section 230, said Facebook likely will invoke the legal shield in this case, but he said the suit faces other hurdles, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been a number of lawsuits trying to establish that Facebook is liable for how violent groups and terrorists used their services,” Goldman said. “And courts have consistently rejected those claims because services like Facebook aren’t responsible for harms caused by people using the service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit leans heavily on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-facebook-files-11631713039\">Facebook Files\u003c/a>, a cache of internal company documents exposed in a series of stories by The Wall Street Journal. Among the allegations is that Facebook’s algorithm promotes extremism through inflammatory and divisive content in order to keep users engaged and advertising dollars rolling in. Facebook researchers have estimated that the social network only catches between 3% and 5% of hate speech on the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, lawyers for Underwood Jacobs said the Facebook Files revealed “Facebook’s active role in shaping the content on its website as well as creating and building groups on the platform – activities that fall outside of the conduct protected by Section 230.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has reportedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/12/22722885/facebook-militarized-social-movements-banned-internal-list-leak\">banned nearly 1,000 private groups\u003c/a> focused on “militarized social movements” like boogaloo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has previously acknowledged its role in militia-fueled violence. In August 2020, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said it made an “operational mistake” in failing to remove a page for a militia group that called for armed citizens to enter Kenosha, Wisconsin. Two protesters were shot and killed there during demonstrations over the police shooting of Jacob Blake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same month, \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2020/08/addressing-movements-and-organizations-tied-to-violence/\">Facebook said it took down 2,400 pages\u003c/a> and more than 14,000 groups on the site started by militia groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sister+of+slain+security+officer+sues+Facebook+over+killing+tied+to+Boogaloo+movement&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Facebook Bans Violent 'Boogaloo' Groups, Not the Term Itself",
"title": "Facebook Bans Violent 'Boogaloo' Groups, Not the Term Itself",
"headTitle": "KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Facebook has banned an extremist anti-government network loosely associated with the broader “boogaloo” movement, a slang term supporters use to refer to a second Civil War or a collapse of civilization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the platform didn't try to name the group, underscoring the difficulty of grappling with an amorphous network linked to a string of domestic terror plots that appears to obfuscate its existence. Among other complications, its internet-savvy members tend to keep their distance from one another, frequently change their symbols and catch phrases and mask their intentions with sarcasm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move by Facebook designates this group as a dangerous organization — similar to the Islamic State group and white supremacists, both of which are already banned from its service. The social network is not banning all references to “boogaloo\" and said it is only removing groups, accounts and pages when they have a “clear connection to violence or a credible threat to public safety.\"\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The loose movement is named after “Breakin’ 2: Electric Boogaloo,” a 1984 sequel to a movie about breakdancing. “Boogaloo” supporters have shown up at protests over COVID-19 lockdown orders, carrying rifles and wearing tactical gear over Hawaiian shirts — themselves a reference to “big luau,” a homophone for “boogaloo” sometimes favored by group members. Facebook said the movement dates back to 2012 and that it has been tracking it closely since last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">Earlier in June, Steven Carrillo\u003c/a>, an Air Force sergeant with ties to the boogaloo movement, fatally shot a federal security officer and wounded his partner outside a U.S. courthouse, ambushed and killed a California sheriff’s deputy and injured four other officers in Oakland, California. According to the criminal complaint, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/269a890489b06811514848f4e08dbff1\">Carrillo posted in a Facebook group\u003c/a>, “It’s on our coast now, this needs to be nationwide. It’s a great opportunity to target the specialty soup bois. Keep that energy going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"steven-carrillo\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement was followed by two fire emojis and a link to a YouTube video showing a large crowd attacking two California Highway Patrol vehicles. According to the FBI “soup bois” may be a term that followers of the boogaloo movement used to refer to federal law enforcement agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the “boogaloo'\" term has been embraced by white supremacist groups and other far-right extremists, many supporters insist they aren’t racist or truly advocating for violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violent and extremist groups are increasingly turning to encrypted communications networks and fringe social platforms with no content moderation to congregate, which makes them more difficult to track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of Tuesday's announcement, Facebook said it has removed 220 Facebook accounts, 95 Instagram accounts, 28 Pages and 106 groups that that comprise the violent Boogaloo-affiliated network. It also took down 400 other groups and 100 pages that hosted similar content as the violent network but were maintained by accounts outside of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it has so far found no evidence of foreign actors amplifying “boogaloo\"-related material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media companies are facing a reckoning over hate speech on their platforms. Reddit, an online comment forum that is one of the world’s most popular websites, on Monday banned a forum that supported President Donald Trump as part of a crackdown on hate speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Live-streaming site Twitch, which is owned by Amazon, also temporarily suspended Trump’s campaign account for violating its hateful conduct rules. YouTube, meanwhile, banned several prominent white nationalist figures from its platform, including Stefan Molyneux, David Duke and Richard Spencer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights groups have called on large advertisers to stop Facebook ad campaigns during July, saying the social network isn’t doing enough to curtail racist and violent content on its platform and several major advertisers have signed on to the boycott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press Writer Michael Kunzelman contributed to this story from Silver Spring, Md.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook has banned an extremist anti-government network loosely associated with the broader “boogaloo” movement, a slang term supporters use to refer to a second Civil War or a collapse of civilization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the platform didn't try to name the group, underscoring the difficulty of grappling with an amorphous network linked to a string of domestic terror plots that appears to obfuscate its existence. Among other complications, its internet-savvy members tend to keep their distance from one another, frequently change their symbols and catch phrases and mask their intentions with sarcasm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move by Facebook designates this group as a dangerous organization — similar to the Islamic State group and white supremacists, both of which are already banned from its service. The social network is not banning all references to “boogaloo\" and said it is only removing groups, accounts and pages when they have a “clear connection to violence or a credible threat to public safety.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The loose movement is named after “Breakin’ 2: Electric Boogaloo,” a 1984 sequel to a movie about breakdancing. “Boogaloo” supporters have shown up at protests over COVID-19 lockdown orders, carrying rifles and wearing tactical gear over Hawaiian shirts — themselves a reference to “big luau,” a homophone for “boogaloo” sometimes favored by group members. Facebook said the movement dates back to 2012 and that it has been tracking it closely since last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">Earlier in June, Steven Carrillo\u003c/a>, an Air Force sergeant with ties to the boogaloo movement, fatally shot a federal security officer and wounded his partner outside a U.S. courthouse, ambushed and killed a California sheriff’s deputy and injured four other officers in Oakland, California. According to the criminal complaint, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/269a890489b06811514848f4e08dbff1\">Carrillo posted in a Facebook group\u003c/a>, “It’s on our coast now, this needs to be nationwide. It’s a great opportunity to target the specialty soup bois. Keep that energy going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement was followed by two fire emojis and a link to a YouTube video showing a large crowd attacking two California Highway Patrol vehicles. According to the FBI “soup bois” may be a term that followers of the boogaloo movement used to refer to federal law enforcement agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the “boogaloo'\" term has been embraced by white supremacist groups and other far-right extremists, many supporters insist they aren’t racist or truly advocating for violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violent and extremist groups are increasingly turning to encrypted communications networks and fringe social platforms with no content moderation to congregate, which makes them more difficult to track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of Tuesday's announcement, Facebook said it has removed 220 Facebook accounts, 95 Instagram accounts, 28 Pages and 106 groups that that comprise the violent Boogaloo-affiliated network. It also took down 400 other groups and 100 pages that hosted similar content as the violent network but were maintained by accounts outside of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it has so far found no evidence of foreign actors amplifying “boogaloo\"-related material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media companies are facing a reckoning over hate speech on their platforms. Reddit, an online comment forum that is one of the world’s most popular websites, on Monday banned a forum that supported President Donald Trump as part of a crackdown on hate speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Live-streaming site Twitch, which is owned by Amazon, also temporarily suspended Trump’s campaign account for violating its hateful conduct rules. YouTube, meanwhile, banned several prominent white nationalist figures from its platform, including Stefan Molyneux, David Duke and Richard Spencer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights groups have called on large advertisers to stop Facebook ad campaigns during July, saying the social network isn’t doing enough to curtail racist and violent content on its platform and several major advertisers have signed on to the boycott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press Writer Michael Kunzelman contributed to this story from Silver Spring, Md.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Feds Say Suspect in Killing of Officers in Oakland, Santa Cruz Is Linked to Right-Wing Extremists",
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"content": "\u003cp>An Air Force sergeant already jailed in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11823427/hundreds-mourn-santa-clara-county-sheriffs-deputy-killed-over-the-weekend\">ambush killing\u003c/a> of a Santa Cruz County sheriff’s deputy was charged Tuesday with murdering a federal security officer outside Oakland’s federal building the night of May 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal authorities \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6948933/Usa-v-Carrillo.pdf\">allege\u003c/a> that Steven Carrillo, 32, a staff sergeant at Fairfield’s Travis Air Force Base, had ties to the right-wing anti-government “boogaloo” movement and that the plot to target law enforcement officers was hatched during an online chat among the group members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal security officer David Patrick Underwood, 53, was killed the night of May 29 and his partner was seriously wounded as they guarded the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building during the first night of major demonstrations in Oakland over the police killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pat Underwood was murdered because he wore a uniform,” David Anderson, U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of California, said at a Tuesday morning news conference at the Dellums building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6948994/USA-v-Carrillo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a criminal complaint\u003c/a> filed in U.S. District Court, Carrillo and his alleged getaway driver, Robert A. Justus Jr., 30, of Millbrae, parked a white Ford Econoline van at 12th and Jefferson streets, near the building’s guard post, just before 9:30 p.m. the night of May 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 22-page complaint says that Justus, who turned himself in to the FBI in San Francisco last week, exited the van and walked around the area for about 10 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few minutes after he returned and got back in the driver’s seat, the van rolled through the intersection and its passenger-side sliding door opened. The complaint says that Carrillo fired a “privately made” AR-15-style rifle through the open door at the guard post where Underwood and his partner were located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After shooting the two officers, Justus told agents, Carrillo “said words to the effect of, ‘Did you see how they fucking fell?'” The complaint says Justus described Carrillo as being “excited and thrilled after the shooting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justus told agents that he was an unwilling participant in the attack but stayed with Carrillo because he felt “trapped.” The complaint says that when an agent pointed out that Justus had gotten out of the van and that he could have walked away at that point, he responded “that he … was trying to think of ways to talk Carrillo out of his plan. Justus said Carrillo expressed an interest multiple times in shooting a helicopter, police officers and civilians, but that Justus talked him out of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justus faces charges of aiding and abetting murder and attempted murder of federal officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The criminal complaint quotes several social media posts Carrillo made in the 48 hours before the attack suggesting he intended to target federal officers. Those posts included a Facebook comment on the morning of the attack that urged people to take advantage of the protests responding to Floyd’s killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Go to the riots and support our own cause,” the complaint quotes Carrillo as saying. “Show them the real targets. Use their anger to fuel our fire. … We have mobs of angry people to use to our advantage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo’s attorney, Jeffrey Stotter, did not immediately respond to a telephone message seeking comment. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/12/santa-cruz-deputy-killing-defense-lawyer-says-steven-carrillo-suffered-traumatic-brain-injury/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stotter said\u003c/a> after a court hearing last week that Carrillo suffers from a non-service-related traumatic brain injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint indicates that investigators connected Carrillo to the Oakland attack only after the June 6 fatal shooting of Santa Cruz County sheriff’s Sgt. Damon Gutzwiller and the wounding of four other officers in Ben Lomond, an unincorporated community in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Among other evidence, the complaint says that tests conducted by examiners from the Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives concluded the same weapon was used in the Oakland and Santa Cruz County shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SantaCruzSO1/status/1269509768021815297?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo is being held without bail in jail in Monterey County. He is expected to enter a plea next month to 19 felony counts, including murder, arising from the Ben Lomond incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges disclosed Tuesday also cited evidence that Carrillo is part of the “boogaloo” movement, whose anti-government adherents derived the term from the 1984 movie “Breakin’ 2: Electric Boogaloo” and use it as a code word for a second U.S. civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another derivation of “boogaloo” is “big luau” and Hawaiian garb is common among members’ clothing. Officials found an American flag-like patch on Carrillo’s bulletproof vest that depicted an igloo and a Hawaiian-style print, themes commonly associated with the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11824650\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11824650\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Boogaloo-Patch.jpg\" alt=\"A patch with symbols associated with the far-right 'Boogaloo' movement was found sewn onto Steven Carrillo's ballistic vest following a search of his van by law enforcement.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1509\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Boogaloo-Patch.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Boogaloo-Patch-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Boogaloo-Patch-800x629.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Boogaloo-Patch-1020x802.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A patch with symbols associated with the far-right ‘Boogaloo’ movement was found sewn onto Steven Carrillo’s ballistic vest following a search of his van by law enforcement. \u003ccite>(U.S. District Court)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Carrillo also wrote — using his own blood — phrases associated with the movement onto a vehicle he had carjacked before he was taken into custody following the killing of the Santa Cruz deputy, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities do not believe Carrillo and Justus coordinated to make attack plans with three Nevada men who had plotted to spark violence during recent protests in Las Vegas and also identify with the “boogaloo” movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An Air Force sergeant already jailed in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11823427/hundreds-mourn-santa-clara-county-sheriffs-deputy-killed-over-the-weekend\">ambush killing\u003c/a> of a Santa Cruz County sheriff’s deputy was charged Tuesday with murdering a federal security officer outside Oakland’s federal building the night of May 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal authorities \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6948933/Usa-v-Carrillo.pdf\">allege\u003c/a> that Steven Carrillo, 32, a staff sergeant at Fairfield’s Travis Air Force Base, had ties to the right-wing anti-government “boogaloo” movement and that the plot to target law enforcement officers was hatched during an online chat among the group members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal security officer David Patrick Underwood, 53, was killed the night of May 29 and his partner was seriously wounded as they guarded the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building during the first night of major demonstrations in Oakland over the police killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pat Underwood was murdered because he wore a uniform,” David Anderson, U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of California, said at a Tuesday morning news conference at the Dellums building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6948994/USA-v-Carrillo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a criminal complaint\u003c/a> filed in U.S. District Court, Carrillo and his alleged getaway driver, Robert A. Justus Jr., 30, of Millbrae, parked a white Ford Econoline van at 12th and Jefferson streets, near the building’s guard post, just before 9:30 p.m. the night of May 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 22-page complaint says that Justus, who turned himself in to the FBI in San Francisco last week, exited the van and walked around the area for about 10 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few minutes after he returned and got back in the driver’s seat, the van rolled through the intersection and its passenger-side sliding door opened. The complaint says that Carrillo fired a “privately made” AR-15-style rifle through the open door at the guard post where Underwood and his partner were located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After shooting the two officers, Justus told agents, Carrillo “said words to the effect of, ‘Did you see how they fucking fell?'” The complaint says Justus described Carrillo as being “excited and thrilled after the shooting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justus told agents that he was an unwilling participant in the attack but stayed with Carrillo because he felt “trapped.” The complaint says that when an agent pointed out that Justus had gotten out of the van and that he could have walked away at that point, he responded “that he … was trying to think of ways to talk Carrillo out of his plan. Justus said Carrillo expressed an interest multiple times in shooting a helicopter, police officers and civilians, but that Justus talked him out of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justus faces charges of aiding and abetting murder and attempted murder of federal officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The criminal complaint quotes several social media posts Carrillo made in the 48 hours before the attack suggesting he intended to target federal officers. Those posts included a Facebook comment on the morning of the attack that urged people to take advantage of the protests responding to Floyd’s killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Go to the riots and support our own cause,” the complaint quotes Carrillo as saying. “Show them the real targets. Use their anger to fuel our fire. … We have mobs of angry people to use to our advantage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo’s attorney, Jeffrey Stotter, did not immediately respond to a telephone message seeking comment. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/12/santa-cruz-deputy-killing-defense-lawyer-says-steven-carrillo-suffered-traumatic-brain-injury/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stotter said\u003c/a> after a court hearing last week that Carrillo suffers from a non-service-related traumatic brain injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint indicates that investigators connected Carrillo to the Oakland attack only after the June 6 fatal shooting of Santa Cruz County sheriff’s Sgt. Damon Gutzwiller and the wounding of four other officers in Ben Lomond, an unincorporated community in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Among other evidence, the complaint says that tests conducted by examiners from the Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives concluded the same weapon was used in the Oakland and Santa Cruz County shootings.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Carrillo is being held without bail in jail in Monterey County. He is expected to enter a plea next month to 19 felony counts, including murder, arising from the Ben Lomond incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges disclosed Tuesday also cited evidence that Carrillo is part of the “boogaloo” movement, whose anti-government adherents derived the term from the 1984 movie “Breakin’ 2: Electric Boogaloo” and use it as a code word for a second U.S. civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another derivation of “boogaloo” is “big luau” and Hawaiian garb is common among members’ clothing. Officials found an American flag-like patch on Carrillo’s bulletproof vest that depicted an igloo and a Hawaiian-style print, themes commonly associated with the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11824650\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11824650\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Boogaloo-Patch.jpg\" alt=\"A patch with symbols associated with the far-right 'Boogaloo' movement was found sewn onto Steven Carrillo's ballistic vest following a search of his van by law enforcement.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1509\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Boogaloo-Patch.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Boogaloo-Patch-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Boogaloo-Patch-800x629.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Boogaloo-Patch-1020x802.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A patch with symbols associated with the far-right ‘Boogaloo’ movement was found sewn onto Steven Carrillo’s ballistic vest following a search of his van by law enforcement. \u003ccite>(U.S. District Court)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Carrillo also wrote — using his own blood — phrases associated with the movement onto a vehicle he had carjacked before he was taken into custody following the killing of the Santa Cruz deputy, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities do not believe Carrillo and Justus coordinated to make attack plans with three Nevada men who had plotted to spark violence during recent protests in Las Vegas and also identify with the “boogaloo” movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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