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"content": "\u003cp>Americans have been celebrating \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/18/1008095439/juneteenth-is-a-federal-holiday-now-but-what-that-means-for-workers-varies-widel\">Juneteenth\u003c/a> this weekend, the third year since the holiday was given federal status by President Biden in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The date commemorates the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/20/1105911785/the-new-juneteenth-federal-holiday-traces-its-roots-to-galveston-texas\">fall of slavery in Galveston, Texas\u003c/a>, two years after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued in 1863 to free enslaved Black people held in the Confederacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of Union troops’ victory over the Confederates spread slowly across the South, eventually reaching the shores of Galveston in 1865.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not celebrating the history of Juneteenth. We are celebrating the symbolism of Juneteenth,” said Leslie Wilson, professor of history at Montclair State University in New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The symbolism of Juneteenth is the transition from slavery to freedom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=arts_13976970 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/06/20240619_JuneteenthCookout_GC-5_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Celebrations of the holiday started out regionally in Texas, but as Black Americans spread out across the United States, they brought their traditions with them, including remembrances for one of the final vestiges of chattel slavery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could say that Juneteenth had a renaissance, largely because when World War II was over and soldiers came home, it was the second Great Migration. People started traveling from various points in the South to points in the North and points in the West,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, with civil rights and also with the Black Power movement, Juneteenth became a symbol of strength as well as a symbol of triumph for African Americans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Widespread recognition of the holiday was slow moving. For years, it was a relatively obscure holiday celebrated among Black people with little acknowledgment or understanding from outside cultures and communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sure there’s a ton I’m totally unaware of on African American history in the U.S.,” said Alex Markle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Markle and his fiancée were visiting the National Mall in Washington, D.C., during the long holiday weekend and said it wasn’t until he was in his 40s that he learned about Black history events like Juneteenth, Black Wall Street and the Tulsa Race Massacre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was kind of shocking that like a big piece of American history was something that I had never learned about and was unaware of that much of my life.”[aside postID=news_12044169 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/GettyImages-2210191440.jpg']Markle’s experience is not unique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, when the holiday gained federal recognition, just 37% of American adults said they knew at least something about Juneteenth, according to polling by \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/393755/public-understanding-juneteenth-grown-2021.aspx\">Gallup\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a year later, that number would spike to nearly 60%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the holiday has grown in popularity, many Black people have celebrated the idea that African American history would be more widely recognized as part of the fabric of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a Black person, it means a lot to me to celebrate everybody who was free because it’s like so many people don’t know,” said Precious Williams, a Dallas native who was visiting Washington, D.C., over the holiday weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We celebrate everything in America, you know. So those Black holidays, it’s like everybody should know about Juneteenth because it’s a part of our history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are also concerns that corporate money-grabs taking advantage of the day could potentially weaken the gravity of such a historic event.[aside postID=arts_13977525 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/06/20240619_JuneteenthCookout_GC-6_qed.jpg']“The significance of it becoming an official holiday is really the fact that it raised awareness of Juneteenth beyond communities that had [already] been commemorating Juneteenth. Beyond that, it seems that the significance, unfortunately, also brings with it some commodification of that day and sort of commercialization of that day as well,” said Amara Enyia, a public policy expert in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last year, big-box retailers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/20/1106193407/celebrate-juneteenth-the-right-way\">like Walmart\u003c/a> came \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/17/1101017257/juneteenth-products-companies-problematic\">under fire\u003c/a> for a spread of Juneteenth-themed products deemed tasteless and appropriative by many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And politically, the holiday has been weaponized by some Republicans as part of an ongoing culture war that claims truthful acknowledgments of race and racism are a ploy to demonize white Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these controversies, for many Monday is an opportunity to reflect on America and its history, as well as consider what the future might hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Juneteenth celebrations are a chance for this country, for the United States to rethink not only its origins, but the relationship of everybody who lives in this country to each other,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.howard.edu/greg-carr\">Greg Carr\u003c/a>, associate professor of Africana Studies at Howard University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many ways, Juneteenth symbolically becomes a litmus test for the possibilities of this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Celebrations of the holiday started out regionally in Texas, but as Black Americans spread out across the United States, they brought their traditions with them, including remembrances for one of the final vestiges of chattel slavery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could say that Juneteenth had a renaissance, largely because when World War II was over and soldiers came home, it was the second Great Migration. People started traveling from various points in the South to points in the North and points in the West,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, with civil rights and also with the Black Power movement, Juneteenth became a symbol of strength as well as a symbol of triumph for African Americans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Widespread recognition of the holiday was slow moving. For years, it was a relatively obscure holiday celebrated among Black people with little acknowledgment or understanding from outside cultures and communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sure there’s a ton I’m totally unaware of on African American history in the U.S.,” said Alex Markle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Markle and his fiancée were visiting the National Mall in Washington, D.C., during the long holiday weekend and said it wasn’t until he was in his 40s that he learned about Black history events like Juneteenth, Black Wall Street and the Tulsa Race Massacre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was kind of shocking that like a big piece of American history was something that I had never learned about and was unaware of that much of my life.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Markle’s experience is not unique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, when the holiday gained federal recognition, just 37% of American adults said they knew at least something about Juneteenth, according to polling by \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/393755/public-understanding-juneteenth-grown-2021.aspx\">Gallup\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a year later, that number would spike to nearly 60%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the holiday has grown in popularity, many Black people have celebrated the idea that African American history would be more widely recognized as part of the fabric of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a Black person, it means a lot to me to celebrate everybody who was free because it’s like so many people don’t know,” said Precious Williams, a Dallas native who was visiting Washington, D.C., over the holiday weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We celebrate everything in America, you know. So those Black holidays, it’s like everybody should know about Juneteenth because it’s a part of our history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are also concerns that corporate money-grabs taking advantage of the day could potentially weaken the gravity of such a historic event.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The significance of it becoming an official holiday is really the fact that it raised awareness of Juneteenth beyond communities that had [already] been commemorating Juneteenth. Beyond that, it seems that the significance, unfortunately, also brings with it some commodification of that day and sort of commercialization of that day as well,” said Amara Enyia, a public policy expert in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last year, big-box retailers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/20/1106193407/celebrate-juneteenth-the-right-way\">like Walmart\u003c/a> came \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/17/1101017257/juneteenth-products-companies-problematic\">under fire\u003c/a> for a spread of Juneteenth-themed products deemed tasteless and appropriative by many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And politically, the holiday has been weaponized by some Republicans as part of an ongoing culture war that claims truthful acknowledgments of race and racism are a ploy to demonize white Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these controversies, for many Monday is an opportunity to reflect on America and its history, as well as consider what the future might hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Juneteenth celebrations are a chance for this country, for the United States to rethink not only its origins, but the relationship of everybody who lives in this country to each other,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.howard.edu/greg-carr\">Greg Carr\u003c/a>, associate professor of Africana Studies at Howard University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many ways, Juneteenth symbolically becomes a litmus test for the possibilities of this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Rev. James Lawson Jr., an apostle of nonviolent protest who schooled activists to withstand brutal reactions from white authorities as the Civil Rights Movement gained traction, died on Sunday, his family said. He was 95.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson died after a short illness in Los Angeles, where he spent decades working as a pastor, labor movement organizer and university professor, according to his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson was a close adviser to the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., who called him “the leading theorist and strategist of nonviolence in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson met King in 1957 after spending three years in India soaking up knowledge about Mohandas K. Gandhi’s independence movement. King would travel to India himself two years later, but at the time, he had only read about Gandhi in books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two Black pastors—both 28 years old—quickly bonded over their enthusiasm for the Indian leader’s ideas, and King urged Lawson to implement them in the American South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/race-and-ethnicity-voting-rights-nashville-religion-00cf52e180df4f239faa151faea38025\">Lawson soon led workshops in church basements in Nashville, Tennessee\u003c/a>, that prepared John Lewis, Diane Nash, Bernard Lafayette, Marion Barry, the Freedom Riders and many others to peacefully withstand vicious responses to their challenges of racist laws and policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson’s lessons led Nashville to become the first major city in the South to desegregate its downtown on May 10, 1960, after hundreds of well-organized students staged lunch-counter sit-ins and boycotts of discriminatory businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson’s particular contribution was to introduce Gandhian principles to people more familiar with biblical teachings, showing how direct action could expose the immorality and fragility of racist white power structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gandhi said “that we persons have the power to resist the racism in our own lives and souls,” Lawson told the AP. “We have the power to make choices and to say no to that wrong. That’s also Jesus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, in 1968, it was Lawson who organized the sanitation workers strike that fatefully drew King to Memphis. Lawson said he was at first paralyzed and forever saddened by King’s assassination.[aside label=\"More on the Civil Rights Movement\" tag=\"martin-luther-king-jr\"]“I thought I would not live beyond 40, myself,” Lawson said. “The imminence of death was a part of the discipline we lived with, but no one as much as King.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Lawson made it his life’s mission to preach the power of nonviolent direct action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m still anxious and frustrated,” Lawson said as he marked the 50th anniversary of King’s death with a march in Memphis. “The task is unfinished.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights activist Diane Nash was a 21-year-old college student when she began attending Lawson’s Nashville workshops, which she called life-changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His passing constitutes a very great loss,” Nash said. “He bears, I think, more responsibility than any other single person for the Civil Rights Movement of Blacks being nonviolent in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Morris Lawson Jr., the son and grandson of ministers, was born on Sept. 22, 1928, and grew up in Massillon, Ohio, where he became ordained himself as a high school senior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told The Tennessean that his commitment to nonviolence began in elementary school when he told his mother that he had slapped a boy who had used a racial slur against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What good did that do, Jimmy?” he recalls his mother asking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That simple question forever changed his life, Lawson said. He became a pacifist, refusing to serve when drafted for the Korean War and spending a year in prison as a conscientious objector. The Fellowship of Reconciliation, a pacifist group, sponsored his trip to India after he finished a sociology degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gandhi had been assassinated by then, but Lawson met people who had worked with him and explained Gandhi’s concept of “satyagraha,” a relentless pursuit of truth, which encouraged Indians to peacefully reject British rule. Lawson then saw how the Christian concept of turning the other cheek could be applied in collective actions to challenge morally indefensible laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson was a divinity student at Oberlin College in Ohio when King spoke on campus about the Montgomery bus boycott. King told him, “You can’t wait. You need to come on South now,‘” Lawson recalled in an AP interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson soon enrolled in theology classes at Vanderbilt University while leading younger activists through mock protests in which they practiced taking insults without reacting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique swiftly proved its power at lunch counters and movie theaters in Nashville, where on May 10, 1960, businesses agreed to take down the “No Colored” signs that enforced white supremacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the first major successful campaign to pull the signs down,” and it created a template for the sit-ins that began spreading across the South, Lawson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson was called on to organize what became the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, which sought to organize the spontaneous efforts of tens of thousands of students who began challenging Jim Crow laws across the South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angry segregationists got Lawson expelled from Vanderbilt, but he said he never harbored hard feelings about the university, where he returned as a distinguished visiting professor in 2006 and eventually donated a significant portion of his papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson earned that theology degree at Boston University and became a Methodist pastor in Memphis, where his wife Dorothy Wood Lawson worked as an NAACP organizer. They moved several years later to Los Angeles, where Lawson led the Holman United Methodist Church and taught at California State University, Northridge and UCLA. They raised three sons, John, Morris and Seth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson remained active into his 90s, urging younger generations to leverage their power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights leader Rev. Al Sharpton, founder and president of the National Action Network, called Lawson “the ultimate preacher, prophet, and activist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In his senior years, I was privileged to spend time with him at his church in Los Angeles,” Sharpton said. “He would sit in his office and tell me inside stories of the battles of the 1950s and 1960s that he, Dr. King and others engaged in. Lawson helped to change this nation — thank God the nation never changed him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eulogizing the late civil rights leader and Congressman John Lewis in 2021, Lawson recalled how the young man he trained in Nashville grew lonely marches into multitudes, paving the way for major civil rights legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we would honor and celebrate John Lewis’ life, let us then re-commit our souls, our hearts, our minds, our bodies and our strength to the continuing journey to dismantle the wrong in our midst,” Lawson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"copy-block row mb-4\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-12 columns\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I thought I would not live beyond 40, myself,” Lawson said. “The imminence of death was a part of the discipline we lived with, but no one as much as King.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Lawson made it his life’s mission to preach the power of nonviolent direct action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m still anxious and frustrated,” Lawson said as he marked the 50th anniversary of King’s death with a march in Memphis. “The task is unfinished.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights activist Diane Nash was a 21-year-old college student when she began attending Lawson’s Nashville workshops, which she called life-changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His passing constitutes a very great loss,” Nash said. “He bears, I think, more responsibility than any other single person for the Civil Rights Movement of Blacks being nonviolent in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Morris Lawson Jr., the son and grandson of ministers, was born on Sept. 22, 1928, and grew up in Massillon, Ohio, where he became ordained himself as a high school senior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told The Tennessean that his commitment to nonviolence began in elementary school when he told his mother that he had slapped a boy who had used a racial slur against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What good did that do, Jimmy?” he recalls his mother asking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That simple question forever changed his life, Lawson said. He became a pacifist, refusing to serve when drafted for the Korean War and spending a year in prison as a conscientious objector. The Fellowship of Reconciliation, a pacifist group, sponsored his trip to India after he finished a sociology degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gandhi had been assassinated by then, but Lawson met people who had worked with him and explained Gandhi’s concept of “satyagraha,” a relentless pursuit of truth, which encouraged Indians to peacefully reject British rule. Lawson then saw how the Christian concept of turning the other cheek could be applied in collective actions to challenge morally indefensible laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson was a divinity student at Oberlin College in Ohio when King spoke on campus about the Montgomery bus boycott. King told him, “You can’t wait. You need to come on South now,‘” Lawson recalled in an AP interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson soon enrolled in theology classes at Vanderbilt University while leading younger activists through mock protests in which they practiced taking insults without reacting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique swiftly proved its power at lunch counters and movie theaters in Nashville, where on May 10, 1960, businesses agreed to take down the “No Colored” signs that enforced white supremacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the first major successful campaign to pull the signs down,” and it created a template for the sit-ins that began spreading across the South, Lawson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson was called on to organize what became the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, which sought to organize the spontaneous efforts of tens of thousands of students who began challenging Jim Crow laws across the South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angry segregationists got Lawson expelled from Vanderbilt, but he said he never harbored hard feelings about the university, where he returned as a distinguished visiting professor in 2006 and eventually donated a significant portion of his papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson earned that theology degree at Boston University and became a Methodist pastor in Memphis, where his wife Dorothy Wood Lawson worked as an NAACP organizer. They moved several years later to Los Angeles, where Lawson led the Holman United Methodist Church and taught at California State University, Northridge and UCLA. They raised three sons, John, Morris and Seth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson remained active into his 90s, urging younger generations to leverage their power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights leader Rev. Al Sharpton, founder and president of the National Action Network, called Lawson “the ultimate preacher, prophet, and activist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In his senior years, I was privileged to spend time with him at his church in Los Angeles,” Sharpton said. “He would sit in his office and tell me inside stories of the battles of the 1950s and 1960s that he, Dr. King and others engaged in. Lawson helped to change this nation — thank God the nation never changed him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eulogizing the late civil rights leader and Congressman John Lewis in 2021, Lawson recalled how the young man he trained in Nashville grew lonely marches into multitudes, paving the way for major civil rights legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Jan. 17, 2025\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in Atlanta on Jan. 15, 1929, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. would have turned 96 on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take this 10-question quiz to see how much you know about the civil rights icon and the movement he helped lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Article continues below the quiz)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/16444120/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:800px;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us know at least a little something about the man: a brilliant Black civil rights leader who delivered the famous “I Have a Dream” speech and was assassinated for his efforts. City streets throughout the nation bear his name. A national holiday commemorates his achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most Americans, though, knowledge about King — and basic understanding of civil rights history overall — doesn’t extend much beyond that. The National Assessment of Educational Progress, for instance, reported that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/15/education/15history.html\">only 2% of high school seniors could correctly answer a basic question about the Supreme Court’s landmark Brown v. Board of Education case\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2011 study by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) looked at public K\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">–\u003c/span>12 education standards and curriculum requirements in every state, and found that \u003ca href=\"http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/news/splc-study-finds-that-more-than-half-of-states-fail-at-teaching-the-civil-rights-m\">35 states — including California — failed to cover many of the core concepts of and details about the civil rights movement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixteen of these states (including Iowa and New Hampshire) did not require any instruction about the movement.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"arts_13923705,bayareabites_21523\"]For too many students, their civil rights education boils down to two people and four words — Rosa Parks, Dr. King and “I have a dream” — said Maureen Costello, director of SPLC’s Teaching Tolerance program. “By having weak or nonexistent standards for history, particularly for the civil rights movement, [most states] are saying loud and clear that it isn’t something students need to learn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also found that much of what is taught about the movement in schools largely focuses on major leaders and events, but fails to address the systemic and often persistent issues like racism and economic injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the country, King is honored as a national hero. Hundreds of cities have streets that bear his name, and in 2011, a memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., was unveiled. But if King’s teachings aren’t passed on to younger generations, the report notes, then all these tributes fall far short of handing down his legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Jan. 17, 2025\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in Atlanta on Jan. 15, 1929, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. would have turned 96 on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take this 10-question quiz to see how much you know about the civil rights icon and the movement he helped lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Article continues below the quiz)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/16444120/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:800px;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us know at least a little something about the man: a brilliant Black civil rights leader who delivered the famous “I Have a Dream” speech and was assassinated for his efforts. City streets throughout the nation bear his name. A national holiday commemorates his achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most Americans, though, knowledge about King — and basic understanding of civil rights history overall — doesn’t extend much beyond that. The National Assessment of Educational Progress, for instance, reported that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/15/education/15history.html\">only 2% of high school seniors could correctly answer a basic question about the Supreme Court’s landmark Brown v. Board of Education case\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2011 study by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) looked at public K\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">–\u003c/span>12 education standards and curriculum requirements in every state, and found that \u003ca href=\"http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/news/splc-study-finds-that-more-than-half-of-states-fail-at-teaching-the-civil-rights-m\">35 states — including California — failed to cover many of the core concepts of and details about the civil rights movement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixteen of these states (including Iowa and New Hampshire) did not require any instruction about the movement.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It was President Ronald Reagan who eventually signed a bill in 1983 that added Martin Luther King Jr. Day to the list of federal holidays, commemorating King’s contribution to the civil rights movement. Still, it wasn’t officially observed until 1986.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there were still several holdouts who refused to recognize the holiday at the state level. Most notably, Arizona opposed it \u003ca href=\"https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/how-martin-luther-king-jr-s-birthday-became-a-holiday-3#:~:text=King's%20birthday%20was%20finally%20approved,the%20third%20Monday%20in%20January.\">until a\u003c/a> referendum was passed in 1992 after the state lost an \u003ca href=\"http://www.tucsonsentinel.com/local/report/101611_az_mlk_dedication/arizonans-recall-fight-state-mlk-holiday/\">estimated $500 million in revenue\u003c/a> when the NFL moved the 1993 Super Bowl game to California in protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why January and why Mondays?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The holiday always lands on the third Monday of the month, roughly around King’s actual birthday, Jan. 15. The timing is also in line with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uso.org/stories/2522-understanding-the-difference-of-memorial-day-vs-veterans-day\">Uniform Holiday Act\u003c/a> of 1968, which ensures a long weekend for workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1994, under then-President Bill Clinton, it became the only federal holiday dedicated to volunteerism after Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/house-bill/1933\">King Holiday and Service Act\u003c/a>. Americans are encouraged to observe the day “with acts of civic work and community service” in honor of King’s legacy.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11901784\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: Martin Luther King Jr. at the Lincoln Memorial saying, \"I have a dream.\" The second panel shows Sen. Mitch McConnell saying, \"I have a filibuster.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1358\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final-800x566.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final-1020x721.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final-160x113.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final-1536x1086.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2022/01/04/mlk-filibuster/\">Martin Luther King Jr. spoke out against using the filibuster\u003c/a> to block voting rights legislation in 1963.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans in the U.S. Senate have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/12/us/politics/democrats-voting-rights-bill.html\">blocked voting rights bills using the filibuster numerous times\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With voting rights under attack in statehouses across the country, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/11/1071829164/biden-speech-voting-rights-filibuster-senate\">President Joe Biden has backed a carve-out to the filibuster rule\u003c/a> to ease passage of the Freedom to Vote Act and the John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, conservative Democratic senators like Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema are siding with the Republican caucus in preserving the filibuster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is a filibuster, you ask? I created \u003ca href=\"http://www.markfiore.com/january-march-2022/2022/1/12/the-wonders-of-the-filibuster\">an animated explainer that details the largely racist history of the convoluted Senate rule\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major parts of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that was filibustered by racist Southern Democrats (but eventually passed) were \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/01/1012294417/what-the-supreme-courts-arizona-decision-means-for-the-voting-rights-act\">recently struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which has led politicians in some states to pass legislation that makes voting more difficult … and has led to more filibusters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know it’s a very, very long shot, but I sure hope Martin Luther King Jr. gets some shiny new voting rights laws for his birthday this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11901784\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: Martin Luther King Jr. at the Lincoln Memorial saying, \"I have a dream.\" The second panel shows Sen. Mitch McConnell saying, \"I have a filibuster.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1358\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final-800x566.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final-1020x721.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final-160x113.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/mlkfilibuster_011422_final-1536x1086.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2022/01/04/mlk-filibuster/\">Martin Luther King Jr. spoke out against using the filibuster\u003c/a> to block voting rights legislation in 1963.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans in the U.S. Senate have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/12/us/politics/democrats-voting-rights-bill.html\">blocked voting rights bills using the filibuster numerous times\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With voting rights under attack in statehouses across the country, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/11/1071829164/biden-speech-voting-rights-filibuster-senate\">President Joe Biden has backed a carve-out to the filibuster rule\u003c/a> to ease passage of the Freedom to Vote Act and the John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, conservative Democratic senators like Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema are siding with the Republican caucus in preserving the filibuster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is a filibuster, you ask? I created \u003ca href=\"http://www.markfiore.com/january-march-2022/2022/1/12/the-wonders-of-the-filibuster\">an animated explainer that details the largely racist history of the convoluted Senate rule\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major parts of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that was filibustered by racist Southern Democrats (but eventually passed) were \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/01/1012294417/what-the-supreme-courts-arizona-decision-means-for-the-voting-rights-act\">recently struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which has led politicians in some states to pass legislation that makes voting more difficult … and has led to more filibusters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know it’s a very, very long shot, but I sure hope Martin Luther King Jr. gets some shiny new voting rights laws for his birthday this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Witness statements and recollections of demonstrators have so far identified threats made by a man with a gun \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11855869/man-with-gun-approaches-mlk-caravan-in-alameda-tells-them-to-leave\">against members of a peaceful Martin Luther King Jr. Day protest\u003c/a> as they gathered outside Alameda County District Attorney Nancy O’Malley’s home on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, a new witness shared video with KQED that explicitly reveals audio of the man as he threatens to shoot Black protesters and their allies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Get out! Get the fuck out of here!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I will open fire!”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The yet-to-be-identified hooded man yelled the threats while carrying what appears to be a submachine gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED is not identifying the source who provided the video out of concern for their safety and in accordance with our own policies on anonymous sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED has reviewed the full video to validate its authenticity, but will not publish the video to preserve the source’s anonymity. The audio presented over a still photo of the man, below, is extracted from the video.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IT0LvFnSa30\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That threat came as peaceful protesters taking part in a car caravan organized by the Anti Police-Terror Project rallied outside O’Malley’s home in Alameda \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11855869/man-with-gun-approaches-mlk-caravan-in-alameda-tells-them-to-leave\">to decry her not charging a second BART police officer in connection with the 2009 death of Oscar Grant III\u003c/a>, when the man who also yelled that it was “his neighborhood” came out with the gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11856441/activists-call-out-alameda-county-da-other-officials-for-delay-in-condemning-gunman-that-threatened-mlk-rally\">O’Malley has since condemned the gunman\u003c/a>, though she did so two days after the incident — a delay which activists fear will embolden future violent threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our failure to hold individuals that act in this way accountable for violating the laws, gives them the impression that it was OK. And they will — and others that see this will — follow suit and do it again,” Grant’s uncle, Cephus “Uncle Bobby X” Johnson, said at a Thursday press conference. “That builds the possibility that someone, especially a person of color, could be harmed or not just harmed, but even murdered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no indication the man fired the weapon, nor were any injuries reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda Police investigating the incident \u003ca href=\"https://www.alamedaca.gov/Shortcut-Content/News-Media/Investigation-Update\">are asking anyone who can help identify the man with the gun, or who has additional surveillance footage\u003c/a> to call \u003cem>510-337-8336\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Witness statements and recollections of demonstrators have so far identified threats made by a man with a gun \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11855869/man-with-gun-approaches-mlk-caravan-in-alameda-tells-them-to-leave\">against members of a peaceful Martin Luther King Jr. Day protest\u003c/a> as they gathered outside Alameda County District Attorney Nancy O’Malley’s home on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, a new witness shared video with KQED that explicitly reveals audio of the man as he threatens to shoot Black protesters and their allies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Get out! Get the fuck out of here!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I will open fire!”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The yet-to-be-identified hooded man yelled the threats while carrying what appears to be a submachine gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED is not identifying the source who provided the video out of concern for their safety and in accordance with our own policies on anonymous sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED has reviewed the full video to validate its authenticity, but will not publish the video to preserve the source’s anonymity. The audio presented over a still photo of the man, below, is extracted from the video.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/IT0LvFnSa30'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/IT0LvFnSa30'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>That threat came as peaceful protesters taking part in a car caravan organized by the Anti Police-Terror Project rallied outside O’Malley’s home in Alameda \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11855869/man-with-gun-approaches-mlk-caravan-in-alameda-tells-them-to-leave\">to decry her not charging a second BART police officer in connection with the 2009 death of Oscar Grant III\u003c/a>, when the man who also yelled that it was “his neighborhood” came out with the gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11856441/activists-call-out-alameda-county-da-other-officials-for-delay-in-condemning-gunman-that-threatened-mlk-rally\">O’Malley has since condemned the gunman\u003c/a>, though she did so two days after the incident — a delay which activists fear will embolden future violent threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our failure to hold individuals that act in this way accountable for violating the laws, gives them the impression that it was OK. And they will — and others that see this will — follow suit and do it again,” Grant’s uncle, Cephus “Uncle Bobby X” Johnson, said at a Thursday press conference. “That builds the possibility that someone, especially a person of color, could be harmed or not just harmed, but even murdered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no indication the man fired the weapon, nor were any injuries reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda Police investigating the incident \u003ca href=\"https://www.alamedaca.gov/Shortcut-Content/News-Media/Investigation-Update\">are asking anyone who can help identify the man with the gun, or who has additional surveillance footage\u003c/a> to call \u003cem>510-337-8336\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "i-may-not-get-there-with-you-an-eyewitness-account-of-mlks-final-days",
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"content": "\u003cp>Clara Jean Ester was a college student at Memphis State College in Tennessee when she bore witness to a series of pivotal moments in civil rights history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a junior, Ester joined the Memphis Sanitation Strike in 1968, alongside African American sanitation workers who were calling to demand better working conditions and higher wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was there at around that same time that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his final speech. She was also there the next day when Dr. King was assassinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At StoryCorps in Mobile, Alabama, earlier this month, Ester, now 72, remembers the last days of Dr. King’s life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the night of April 3, Ester remembered packing into a crowded congregation at Bishop Charles Mason Temple in Memphis, where King delivered a sermon in support of the striking sanitation workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11855825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/esternpr2_custom-b082b074e01f162cd85edc763e53166c7b430898-s300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A young Clara Jean Ester graduated from Memphis State College, now known as the University of Memphis. Now, Ester is a retired organizer and Methodist deaconess in Mobile, Ala.\" width=\"300\" height=\"460\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11855825\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/esternpr2_custom-b082b074e01f162cd85edc763e53166c7b430898-s300-c85.jpg 300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/esternpr2_custom-b082b074e01f162cd85edc763e53166c7b430898-s300-c85-160x245.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young Clara Jean Ester graduated from Memphis State College, now known as the University of Memphis. Now, Ester is a retired organizer and Methodist deaconess in Mobile, Ala. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Clara Jean Ester)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Finally Dr. King arrives, and he said, ‘When I entered into the city of Memphis, I was told about all of these threats. But none of that matters anymore ’cause I’ve been to the mountaintop,’ ” Ester said, paraphrasing \u003ca href=\"https://www.afscme.org/about/history/mlk/mountaintop\">his famous speech\u003c/a>. “He proceeds in saying, ‘If I don’t get there with you, I want you to know that we as a people will get to the Promised Land.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Clara Jean Ester \"]‘You think that’s gonna destroy his dream? Y’all are wrong. I think children years and years to come will continue to have his dream.’[/pullquote]The stormy weather added to an ominous scene, recalled Ester, who saw his final words as a prophecy of his own death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the background of that speech you could hear the thunder and the lightning crashing,” she said. “It was a powerful moment because he did his own eulogy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, Ester and a number of King supporters, gathered at the Lorraine Motel, where the civil rights leader was staying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Walking across the parking lot, I’m looking up at Dr. King leaning on the balcony, chatting with everybody down below,” said Ester. “All of a sudden what sounded like a truck backfiring goes off and I can hear people saying, ‘Get down, get down!’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she didn’t take her eyes off of King, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m looking, still, at Dr. King being thrown back and I take off and I run up the steps. And when I get up to where he’s laying, I notice this pool of blood around his head,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"forum_2010101881651,news_11855799,arts_13891262\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]In that moment, kneeling over his body, Ester said King’s fateful words from the night before were echoing in her head: \u003cem>I may not get there with you. I may not get there with you.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After news of King’s assassination, she said hate “took over.” It stemmed, she said, from “white America [who] don’t want to see us with freedom, so you take out our leader, our king.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time I want to believe that Dr. King’s life changed everything — I’ve witnessed George Floyds and so many others that have lost their lives,” Ester said, referring to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/862960939/george-floyd\">man fatally killed by Minneapolis police\u003c/a> last May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, in contemplating what King’s legacy has meant after decades of violence against Black people, Clara said, “You think that’s gonna destroy his dream? Y’all are wrong. I think children years and years to come will continue to have his dream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Audio produced for Morning Edition by Abe Selby. NPR’s Emma Bowman adapted it for the Web.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>StoryCorps is a national nonprofit that gives people the chance to interview friends and loved ones about their lives. These conversations are archived at the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress, allowing participants to leave a legacy for future generations. Learn more, including how to interview someone in your life, at StoryCorps.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Clara Jean Ester was a college student at Memphis State College in Tennessee when she bore witness to a series of pivotal moments in civil rights history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a junior, Ester joined the Memphis Sanitation Strike in 1968, alongside African American sanitation workers who were calling to demand better working conditions and higher wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was there at around that same time that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his final speech. She was also there the next day when Dr. King was assassinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At StoryCorps in Mobile, Alabama, earlier this month, Ester, now 72, remembers the last days of Dr. King’s life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the night of April 3, Ester remembered packing into a crowded congregation at Bishop Charles Mason Temple in Memphis, where King delivered a sermon in support of the striking sanitation workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11855825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/esternpr2_custom-b082b074e01f162cd85edc763e53166c7b430898-s300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A young Clara Jean Ester graduated from Memphis State College, now known as the University of Memphis. Now, Ester is a retired organizer and Methodist deaconess in Mobile, Ala.\" width=\"300\" height=\"460\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11855825\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/esternpr2_custom-b082b074e01f162cd85edc763e53166c7b430898-s300-c85.jpg 300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/esternpr2_custom-b082b074e01f162cd85edc763e53166c7b430898-s300-c85-160x245.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young Clara Jean Ester graduated from Memphis State College, now known as the University of Memphis. Now, Ester is a retired organizer and Methodist deaconess in Mobile, Ala. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Clara Jean Ester)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Finally Dr. King arrives, and he said, ‘When I entered into the city of Memphis, I was told about all of these threats. But none of that matters anymore ’cause I’ve been to the mountaintop,’ ” Ester said, paraphrasing \u003ca href=\"https://www.afscme.org/about/history/mlk/mountaintop\">his famous speech\u003c/a>. “He proceeds in saying, ‘If I don’t get there with you, I want you to know that we as a people will get to the Promised Land.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In that moment, kneeling over his body, Ester said King’s fateful words from the night before were echoing in her head: \u003cem>I may not get there with you. I may not get there with you.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After news of King’s assassination, she said hate “took over.” It stemmed, she said, from “white America [who] don’t want to see us with freedom, so you take out our leader, our king.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time I want to believe that Dr. King’s life changed everything — I’ve witnessed George Floyds and so many others that have lost their lives,” Ester said, referring to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/862960939/george-floyd\">man fatally killed by Minneapolis police\u003c/a> last May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, in contemplating what King’s legacy has meant after decades of violence against Black people, Clara said, “You think that’s gonna destroy his dream? Y’all are wrong. I think children years and years to come will continue to have his dream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Audio produced for Morning Edition by Abe Selby. NPR’s Emma Bowman adapted it for the Web.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>StoryCorps is a national nonprofit that gives people the chance to interview friends and loved ones about their lives. These conversations are archived at the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress, allowing participants to leave a legacy for future generations. Learn more, including how to interview someone in your life, at StoryCorps.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>One day ahead of the federal holiday honoring the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., Georgia Sen.-elect Rev. Raphael Warnock took to the pulpit of the civil rights icon’s spiritual home to preach a message of equity, integrity, possibility and inclusivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnock, who served as the senior pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta for more than a decade before his election to the Senate, spoke at length about “God’s vision of the land” in a livestreamed sermon that paid tribute to King’s work and the ways in which it continues today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wide-ranging sermon touched on a number of issues related to politics, the economy, the criminal justice system and public health. Warnock offered words of hope from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2040%3A4&version=KJV\">Book of Isaiah\u003c/a>, asserting that God’s vision of the land is one of equality, integrity, possibility and unity, even if societal divisions have made it appear blurry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re accustomed to privilege, parity and equity and equality may feel like oppression,” he said. “And that’s what the current backlash is all about. That’s what this unleashing of unembarrassed bigotry is all about. That’s what this moment, in which we’re so divided, in many ways is all about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnock spoke of a “dark and difficult period” marked by the coronavirus pandemic, associated economic downturn and dangerous political rhetoric culminating in the insurrection at the Capitol earlier this month, which he described as an attack “by those who are driven by the worst impulses, stirred up by demagogues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtMyuxcL6ac\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Above: Watch Sen.-elect Raphael Warnock’s sermon via The Hill.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a sense in which the world is in flux, and when that happens there are always those demagogues who are trying to scapegoat those other people, and stirring up the worst types of stereotypes and creating all kinds of division: age-old racial and religious resentments, divisions that blur our vision,” Warnock said. “While we’re busy going after one another, attacking one another, the high sit increasingly high and the low sit extremely low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, Warnock spoke about the Poor People’s Campaign, King’s “last big push” before his assassination in 1968. Warnock drew parallels between that crusade and the injustices facing poor and marginalized populations five decades later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tragedy is that the minimum wage had more purchasing power in 1968 than the minimum wage does in 2021,” Warnock said. “And now we call the invisible workers, the folk we take for granted, we call them essential workers but we refuse to pay them an essential wage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Georgia Sen.-elect the Rev. Raphael Warnock\"]“When you’re accustomed to privilege, parity and equity and equality may feel like oppression. And that’s what the current backlash is all about.”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also addressed the ongoing fight for racial justice, noting the similarities between the campaign’s slogan of “I am a man” and today’s refrain that Black lives matter, before slamming police brutality and political corruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Warnock said, Eric Garner and George Floyd were killed by police over loose cigarettes and a fake $20 bill, respectively, while he said Wall Street bankers were not held accountable for destroying “billions of dollars of household wealth.” Breonna Taylor was killed while sleeping by police officers who said they were looking for a drug pusher, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anybody who understands the opioid epidemic in America and its evolution knows that the biggest drug pushers are the drug companies,” Warnock said. “But nothing happens to them because so often those who make the laws are owned by them. But I’ve decided that I’m going to keep speaking the truth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnock acknowledged that some may get tired of singing “We Shall Overcome” on Martin Luther King Jr. Day, adding that people have retorted “I wonder when.” He encouraged listeners not to give up, and to be mindful of the progress being made even if it’s far from complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically Black colleges and universities, Warnock said, have “overperformed” despite having been long underfunded. He continued with some examples:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[They] have now produced a vice president named Kamala, a mayor named Keisha, a leader and visionary named Stacey and a United States senator named Raphael.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnock and fellow incoming Georgia Sen. Jon Ossoff will be sworn in once the state certifies its election results, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/when-exactly-do-democrats-take-control-in-washington/2021/01/14/809bbd36-56c0-11eb-acc5-92d2819a1ccb_story.html\">The Washington Post reports\u003c/a> is expected to happen around Jan. 20.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One day ahead of the federal holiday honoring the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., Georgia Sen.-elect Rev. Raphael Warnock took to the pulpit of the civil rights icon’s spiritual home to preach a message of equity, integrity, possibility and inclusivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnock, who served as the senior pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta for more than a decade before his election to the Senate, spoke at length about “God’s vision of the land” in a livestreamed sermon that paid tribute to King’s work and the ways in which it continues today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wide-ranging sermon touched on a number of issues related to politics, the economy, the criminal justice system and public health. Warnock offered words of hope from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2040%3A4&version=KJV\">Book of Isaiah\u003c/a>, asserting that God’s vision of the land is one of equality, integrity, possibility and unity, even if societal divisions have made it appear blurry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re accustomed to privilege, parity and equity and equality may feel like oppression,” he said. “And that’s what the current backlash is all about. That’s what this unleashing of unembarrassed bigotry is all about. That’s what this moment, in which we’re so divided, in many ways is all about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnock spoke of a “dark and difficult period” marked by the coronavirus pandemic, associated economic downturn and dangerous political rhetoric culminating in the insurrection at the Capitol earlier this month, which he described as an attack “by those who are driven by the worst impulses, stirred up by demagogues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also addressed the ongoing fight for racial justice, noting the similarities between the campaign’s slogan of “I am a man” and today’s refrain that Black lives matter, before slamming police brutality and political corruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Warnock said, Eric Garner and George Floyd were killed by police over loose cigarettes and a fake $20 bill, respectively, while he said Wall Street bankers were not held accountable for destroying “billions of dollars of household wealth.” Breonna Taylor was killed while sleeping by police officers who said they were looking for a drug pusher, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anybody who understands the opioid epidemic in America and its evolution knows that the biggest drug pushers are the drug companies,” Warnock said. “But nothing happens to them because so often those who make the laws are owned by them. But I’ve decided that I’m going to keep speaking the truth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnock acknowledged that some may get tired of singing “We Shall Overcome” on Martin Luther King Jr. Day, adding that people have retorted “I wonder when.” He encouraged listeners not to give up, and to be mindful of the progress being made even if it’s far from complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically Black colleges and universities, Warnock said, have “overperformed” despite having been long underfunded. He continued with some examples:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[They] have now produced a vice president named Kamala, a mayor named Keisha, a leader and visionary named Stacey and a United States senator named Raphael.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnock and fellow incoming Georgia Sen. Jon Ossoff will be sworn in once the state certifies its election results, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/when-exactly-do-democrats-take-control-in-washington/2021/01/14/809bbd36-56c0-11eb-acc5-92d2819a1ccb_story.html\">The Washington Post reports\u003c/a> is expected to happen around Jan. 20.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
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"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
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