An American Werewolf in Altadena? How a Local Monster Sparked Community Tensions
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"content": "\u003cp>After the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/eaton-fire\">Eaton Fire\u003c/a> burned across Altadena a year and half ago, an unusual sight reappeared up amid the ashes and debris: a giant werewolf wearing a large T-shirt, with a big rainbow-colored heart that said, “I love Altadena.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where he sits on that hill, the sun behind him when we were there in the evening, the sun was setting and the clouds were perfect. It was just such a weirdly hopeful thing,” said Taylor Jennings, who was visiting from Fresno last summer when he saw Norman standing over the fire-torn intersection of Lincoln Avenue and Mariposa Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All around there’s devastation, and there’s an 8-foot [tall] werewolf. At that point, I realized how Altadena is feral, and he just seemed like the perfect mascot,” Jennings said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norman Jr., as the werewolf is affectionately known, appeared on this burned-out corner lot in West Altadena just days after the fire, replacing a previous werewolf that popped up on the property a few years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both belong to Jubilee House, a large sober living home for men operated by the Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles. One of the residents bought the original werewolf just in time for Halloween a few years ago and named him Norman — a nod to the home’s eerie resemblance to Norman Bates’ house in the 1960 classic slasher film \u003cem>Psycho\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12082021\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12082021\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-04-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-04-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courage Escamilla hams it up with Norman Jr. on a recent weekday afternoon. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>House manager Brian Woodruff said trick-or-treaters would never stop by the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every year I bought candy, every year,” Woodruff said, laughing, as he stood on the cleared lot near Norman Jr. “And I always ended up being the one eating all the candy!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed after Norman appeared on the front lawn. The trick-or-treaters came in droves, lured by the werewolf’s grinning fangs and gnarled outstretched arms. They’d stop and take pictures with Norman and leave gifts and thank you notes. So, the guys at the house decided to keep him up year-round and started creating new outfits for Norman to mark the changing of the seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Summer was coming up, we can get the Big-and-Tall catalog, we can order him a tank top,” Woodruff recalled. “And then I went online, and I found some oversized sunglasses,” he said, chuckling at the memory.[aside postID=news_12071233 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/260107-Altadena-Anniversary-003-JB.jpg']Then came the fire. All ten residents of Jubilee House got out safely, but the place burned to the ground. Among the debris lay the mangled pieces of Norman’s metal limbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time I came up, I didn’t expect to be so disoriented, you probably experienced this, too,” said Pastor Tim Hartley, the director of the Jubilee House program. “I didn’t know where I was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, hoping to boost morale, Hartley started shopping for and found a replacement: Norman Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we put up that werewolf, it became this landmark [after the fire] that people could use for where they were in Altadena, as well as this source of hope for people,” Hartley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what Norman Jr. came to symbolize for longtime Altadena resident Courage Escamilla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s kind of a symbol for people in town who for their whole life have struggled to ever feel like they fit in because they’re eccentric or different or stand out,” Escamilla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12082025\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12082025\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-07-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-07-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-07-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-07-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rigoberto Gonzales runs through the extensive menu of his Mexican food truck. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After the fire, he became an advocate and community booster, helping to organize rallies and fundraisers. Escamilla’s hard to miss, usually pulling up to community events on his motorcycle, sporting a red durag, with a raccoon tail dangling from the back of his waistband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You feel like you’re now in a community that embraces the weird, the unusual, and so for me, Norman represents the message that we embrace and appreciate the strange and unusual in this town,” Escamilla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, he said, fictional “monsters” are often just misunderstood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re often unfairly targeted, and I always felt like I related to that on some subconscious level and have always loved monsters for the fact that they can be loved,” Escamilla said.[aside postID=news_12038756 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/METTE.LAMPCOV.CHURCH.BELL-22-KQED-1020x680.jpg']“Symbols of things that were previously seen as repugnant are now seen as something that represents love and acceptance, and I find that rather special.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norman Jr.’s main character was another Altadena resident who lost her home. She stepped up to the task, creating new seasonal outfits and making sure he stayed upright when it was stormy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a spring day, she draped the werewolf’s plastic and metal body and articulated limbs in a form-fitting fake fur suit with a big red heart on its chest, hand-stitched for his frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With everyone from the sober living home scattered to new locations, Hartley welcomed her help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She honored this space in a way that I just appreciated,” Hartley said. “And then she’d say, he’s a little rickety, so I’m going to put out the word to have people come help me secure him, and these strangers would all gather to help, which I just loved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norman Jr.’s caretaker declined to be interviewed and asked that we not use her name. But she did explain how Norman’s corner became a refuge for her after losing her home in the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12082022\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12082022\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-05-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-05-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pastor Tim Hartley shows off a Norman Jr. T-shirt, hand-screened by a local artist, to commemorate the Eaton Fire. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Photos of the wolfman wearing the outfits she created started blowing up on social media, and life started returning to the neighborhood, with the pace of rebuilding picking up speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when the little green taco truck from the San Fernando Valley appeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the wheel was Rigoberto Gonzales. Also, a plumber who moonlights doing work on home rebuilds around town, Gonzales saw a need for food options that could appeal to the growing army of construction workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing nothing about Norman’s story, he parked his lime green truck beneath the giant oak tree that shares the same corner. Norman’s caretaker was not happy. She asked Gonzales to move, even though his vehicle didn’t disturb or block access to the werewolf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time I see her, she was so mad, for no reason,” Gonzales said, as he took a break from the truck on a recent afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then she later tells me what’s the reason. She just doesn’t want me to be here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict simmered for weeks. Gonzales said he felt unfairly targeted. He said he asked her why he needed to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, give me the reason [why] I have to move? And she only walked away,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12082027\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12082027\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-09-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-09-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-09-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melissa Lopez found so much comfort and inspiration in Norman Jr. after the fire that she decided to have him tattooed on her leg. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Melissa Lopez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The caretaker quit caring for Norman, claiming she felt unsafe. Gonzales insisted that not he, nor any of his staff or customers, ever harassed the caretaker in any way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, a group of fire survivors, who never bothered talking to Gonzales or the property managers, rallied behind the caretaker. They accused Gonzales of exploiting a vulnerable, traumatized community and ruining the sacredness of Norman Jr.’s corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, it escalated. A disgruntled resident posted Gonzales’ license plate on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others threatened to call the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department or LA County Public Health. In a community forum on Facebook, one person “joked” about putting nails under his tires. Another person suggested setting off “stink bombs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local therapist and activist Melissa Lopez said a few people tied to that same Facebook group later showed up to hassle Gonzales in person. After that confrontation, they appeared to have backed off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That hurts, to see some of these violent reactions, to say they were going to bring a truck and wall off the area to him,” Lopez said. “People are gathering up pitchforks, and [it’s] scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things eventually cooled down, but not without some sore feelings. Norman’s caretaker still hasn’t returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Norman Jr. continues to be looked after by his community of admirers — including Lopez, who just got a colorful Norman Jr. tattoo on her calf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez said she found some similarity between the friction over Norman Jr. and a recent monster movie, director Guillermo del Toro’s 2025 \u003cem>Frankenstein\u003c/em> film. In the adaptation, she said, the scientist gives Frankenstein’s creature a voice, and the creature tells his story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so beautiful because of that, because you get to see that he’s been dehumanized, that we created a monster,” Lopez said.” And I think that’s so true of society. We create the monsters, and how quickly we go to ostracize, to condemn people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/eaton-fire\">Eaton Fire\u003c/a> burned across Altadena a year and half ago, an unusual sight reappeared up amid the ashes and debris: a giant werewolf wearing a large T-shirt, with a big rainbow-colored heart that said, “I love Altadena.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where he sits on that hill, the sun behind him when we were there in the evening, the sun was setting and the clouds were perfect. It was just such a weirdly hopeful thing,” said Taylor Jennings, who was visiting from Fresno last summer when he saw Norman standing over the fire-torn intersection of Lincoln Avenue and Mariposa Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All around there’s devastation, and there’s an 8-foot [tall] werewolf. At that point, I realized how Altadena is feral, and he just seemed like the perfect mascot,” Jennings said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norman Jr., as the werewolf is affectionately known, appeared on this burned-out corner lot in West Altadena just days after the fire, replacing a previous werewolf that popped up on the property a few years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both belong to Jubilee House, a large sober living home for men operated by the Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles. One of the residents bought the original werewolf just in time for Halloween a few years ago and named him Norman — a nod to the home’s eerie resemblance to Norman Bates’ house in the 1960 classic slasher film \u003cem>Psycho\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12082021\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12082021\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-04-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-04-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courage Escamilla hams it up with Norman Jr. on a recent weekday afternoon. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>House manager Brian Woodruff said trick-or-treaters would never stop by the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every year I bought candy, every year,” Woodruff said, laughing, as he stood on the cleared lot near Norman Jr. “And I always ended up being the one eating all the candy!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed after Norman appeared on the front lawn. The trick-or-treaters came in droves, lured by the werewolf’s grinning fangs and gnarled outstretched arms. They’d stop and take pictures with Norman and leave gifts and thank you notes. So, the guys at the house decided to keep him up year-round and started creating new outfits for Norman to mark the changing of the seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Summer was coming up, we can get the Big-and-Tall catalog, we can order him a tank top,” Woodruff recalled. “And then I went online, and I found some oversized sunglasses,” he said, chuckling at the memory.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Then came the fire. All ten residents of Jubilee House got out safely, but the place burned to the ground. Among the debris lay the mangled pieces of Norman’s metal limbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time I came up, I didn’t expect to be so disoriented, you probably experienced this, too,” said Pastor Tim Hartley, the director of the Jubilee House program. “I didn’t know where I was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, hoping to boost morale, Hartley started shopping for and found a replacement: Norman Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we put up that werewolf, it became this landmark [after the fire] that people could use for where they were in Altadena, as well as this source of hope for people,” Hartley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what Norman Jr. came to symbolize for longtime Altadena resident Courage Escamilla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s kind of a symbol for people in town who for their whole life have struggled to ever feel like they fit in because they’re eccentric or different or stand out,” Escamilla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12082025\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12082025\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-07-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-07-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-07-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-07-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rigoberto Gonzales runs through the extensive menu of his Mexican food truck. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After the fire, he became an advocate and community booster, helping to organize rallies and fundraisers. Escamilla’s hard to miss, usually pulling up to community events on his motorcycle, sporting a red durag, with a raccoon tail dangling from the back of his waistband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You feel like you’re now in a community that embraces the weird, the unusual, and so for me, Norman represents the message that we embrace and appreciate the strange and unusual in this town,” Escamilla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, he said, fictional “monsters” are often just misunderstood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re often unfairly targeted, and I always felt like I related to that on some subconscious level and have always loved monsters for the fact that they can be loved,” Escamilla said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Symbols of things that were previously seen as repugnant are now seen as something that represents love and acceptance, and I find that rather special.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norman Jr.’s main character was another Altadena resident who lost her home. She stepped up to the task, creating new seasonal outfits and making sure he stayed upright when it was stormy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a spring day, she draped the werewolf’s plastic and metal body and articulated limbs in a form-fitting fake fur suit with a big red heart on its chest, hand-stitched for his frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With everyone from the sober living home scattered to new locations, Hartley welcomed her help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She honored this space in a way that I just appreciated,” Hartley said. “And then she’d say, he’s a little rickety, so I’m going to put out the word to have people come help me secure him, and these strangers would all gather to help, which I just loved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norman Jr.’s caretaker declined to be interviewed and asked that we not use her name. But she did explain how Norman’s corner became a refuge for her after losing her home in the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12082022\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12082022\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-05-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-05-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pastor Tim Hartley shows off a Norman Jr. T-shirt, hand-screened by a local artist, to commemorate the Eaton Fire. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Photos of the wolfman wearing the outfits she created started blowing up on social media, and life started returning to the neighborhood, with the pace of rebuilding picking up speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when the little green taco truck from the San Fernando Valley appeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the wheel was Rigoberto Gonzales. Also, a plumber who moonlights doing work on home rebuilds around town, Gonzales saw a need for food options that could appeal to the growing army of construction workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing nothing about Norman’s story, he parked his lime green truck beneath the giant oak tree that shares the same corner. Norman’s caretaker was not happy. She asked Gonzales to move, even though his vehicle didn’t disturb or block access to the werewolf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time I see her, she was so mad, for no reason,” Gonzales said, as he took a break from the truck on a recent afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then she later tells me what’s the reason. She just doesn’t want me to be here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict simmered for weeks. Gonzales said he felt unfairly targeted. He said he asked her why he needed to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, give me the reason [why] I have to move? And she only walked away,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12082027\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12082027\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-09-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-09-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260430-WEREWOLF-OF-ALTADENA-SC-09-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melissa Lopez found so much comfort and inspiration in Norman Jr. after the fire that she decided to have him tattooed on her leg. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Melissa Lopez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The caretaker quit caring for Norman, claiming she felt unsafe. Gonzales insisted that not he, nor any of his staff or customers, ever harassed the caretaker in any way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, a group of fire survivors, who never bothered talking to Gonzales or the property managers, rallied behind the caretaker. They accused Gonzales of exploiting a vulnerable, traumatized community and ruining the sacredness of Norman Jr.’s corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, it escalated. A disgruntled resident posted Gonzales’ license plate on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others threatened to call the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department or LA County Public Health. In a community forum on Facebook, one person “joked” about putting nails under his tires. Another person suggested setting off “stink bombs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local therapist and activist Melissa Lopez said a few people tied to that same Facebook group later showed up to hassle Gonzales in person. After that confrontation, they appeared to have backed off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That hurts, to see some of these violent reactions, to say they were going to bring a truck and wall off the area to him,” Lopez said. “People are gathering up pitchforks, and [it’s] scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things eventually cooled down, but not without some sore feelings. Norman’s caretaker still hasn’t returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Norman Jr. continues to be looked after by his community of admirers — including Lopez, who just got a colorful Norman Jr. tattoo on her calf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez said she found some similarity between the friction over Norman Jr. and a recent monster movie, director Guillermo del Toro’s 2025 \u003cem>Frankenstein\u003c/em> film. In the adaptation, she said, the scientist gives Frankenstein’s creature a voice, and the creature tells his story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so beautiful because of that, because you get to see that he’s been dehumanized, that we created a monster,” Lopez said.” And I think that’s so true of society. We create the monsters, and how quickly we go to ostracize, to condemn people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Benicia Wants to Be a Model for Life After a Refinery. Can It?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Valero’s Benicia oil refinery employed hundreds of people and contributed millions in taxes to the local government for decades. Now, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12059271/urgent-need-benicia-braces-for-economic-future\">with the refinery on its way out\u003c/a>, local leaders hope Benicia can be a leading example for how cities transition away from the fossil fuel industry. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But with tight city budgets and a global fuel crisis, that’s much easier said than done.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC6761828258&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000877/californias-fuel-fears-threaten-benicias-just-transition-to-green-economy\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s Fuel Fears Threaten Benicia’s ‘Just Transition’ to Green Economy\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Episode Transcript\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:00] \u003c/em>I’m Ericka Cruz Guevara and welcome to The Bay, local news to keep you rooted. The city of Benicia has been thinking a lot about its future lately. With fewer than 30,000 residents, this 15.7-square-mile town along the Carquinez Strait has been shaped for decades by the Valero oil refinery, which propped up the local economy, employed hundreds of workers and contributed taxes that paid roughly 10% of the city’s budget. But last month, Valero officially stopped refining crude oil in Benicia. Now, city leaders hope Benicia can be the shining example of a so-called just transition, away from fossil fuels to renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mario Giuliani: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:59] \u003c/em>There are eight other communities in California that are home to a refinery, and it’s only a matter of when those communities are gonna have to go through what Benicia’s going through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:12] \u003c/em>Today, how Benicia is planning for a future without a refinery and why it’s easier said than done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:26] \u003c/em>So Julie, as I understand it, some people have referred to Benicia as a potential poster child for what a quote unquote just transition could look like. First, what is a just transition for those who don’t know what that is? And when did you first hear that in reference to Benicia?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:49] \u003c/em>There’s a lot of definitions for just transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:52] \u003c/em>Julie Small is a reporter for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:55] \u003c/em>In this case, a just transition is a city moving off its reliance on a fossil fuel industry in such a way that increases the healthiness of the community and the overall standard of living for the community. And it does so in such way that the economy is sustained and diversified and reinvested into clean renewable energies and industries. The first time I heard that term being applied to Benicia was at this February town hall meeting. A hundred people packed into the city library to hear from the city manager, Mario Giuliani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mario Giuliani: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:43] \u003c/em>We have a great responsibility and honor to be the model community on how we transition\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:52] \u003c/em>He told them, you know, this is the plan for how we’re gonna make up for Valero’s departure. We are going to become that poster child for a just transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mario Giuliani: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:02] \u003c/em>How do you protect a community that is home to a refinery? And so you don’t decimate that community, but you allow them to springboard to something else. And I think that we’re well positioned to kind of write that playbook\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:19] \u003c/em>Big words there from the city manager. And also I feel like a really big task, right? Because for context, Benicia’s, as I understand it, entire local economy and city budget relies very heavily on Valero, right?\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:37] \u003c/em>I mean, we’re talking about 10% of the tax revenue that the city collects comes from the Valero refinery. And then there’s all the other industries in the area that build parts or provide services to the refineries. It’s also all the people in town, the restaurants, services leaning heavily on that income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:02] \u003c/em>Can you actually remind us, Julie, why Valero is leaving Benicia in the first place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:08] \u003c/em>The company says it’s leaving because demand for fossil fuel in California is declining, you know, with the rise of renewables and we’re, you know phasing out fossil fuel cars. We’re switching to electrical vehicles. At the same time, regulations on the oil industry are increasing in California as we’re trying to get a handle on controlling emissions and also controlling gas prices. Valero’s CEO has publicly complained about some recent bills that were passed in response to gas price spikes that would have penalized oil companies if they make excessive profits. You know, it’s important to emphasize that although Valero says that’s why they’re leaving, it is part of a trend we’re seeing across the country. Refineries are closing everywhere, so it’s not just unique to California, it not just because we have all these regulations. It’s that these are huge multinational global conglomerates that are maximizing their profit. If they can move their operations overseas where the labor’s cheaper and they have more demand, they’re gonna do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:22] \u003c/em>As I guess Benicia’s preparing for Valero to leave, I imagine there’s been a lot of thinking and talking about what the city would look like without it. So what could a just transition look like in a town like Benicia?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:39] \u003c/em>Well, they definitely want Venetia to be a cleaner town. They don’t want to have new industries come in that are polluting. So they’re looking to get away from this cycle of having to deal with emissions over decades and high asthma rates and high breast cancer rates. So looking for industries that, one, will diversify the economy, so they’re not so dependent on one big company, but also We’ll change the focus. We’ll be actually contributing to California’s goals to become carbon neutral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Kari Bridseye: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:12] \u003c/em>We’re in a very precarious moment right now, but I’m filled with hope because of what we have here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:20] \u003c/em>I talked to Kari Birdseye, city council member at Benicia, and she’s actually by trade an environmental scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Kari Bridseye: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:28] \u003c/em>Anybody that knows me knows that I always talk about the opportunity for the Port of Benicia being involved in standing up the offshore wind industry in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:41] \u003c/em>So she’s really excited about the fact that the port in Benicia that is currently used by Valero to export pet coke, which is a byproduct of refining and polluting substance, using that instead as a place where you could manufacture and export parts for the nascent offshore wind industry in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Kari Bridseye: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:05] \u003c/em>And to me, that’s the perfect scenario for a just transition away from fossil fuels. Let’s be part of the solution instead of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:16] \u003c/em>There’s also this question in the city about what to do with the land that the refinery is on as well, right? I mean, it covers like a huge swath of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:27] \u003c/em>Yeah, 900 acres of prime land right there overlooking the Carquinez Strait. It’s beautiful area. It is going to take a while before that land is usable. There’s a buffer zone around the refinery, it’s about 500 acres, that they’re hoping could be redeveloped sooner because it’s not as contaminated as the refineries site itself. They’d like to see that become, you know, housing or businesses that are catering to the local economy. Valero has actually hired a company to repurpose the land, redevelop the land for them. Those proposals are coming in the fall, so we don’t know exactly what that’s gonna be, but there’s a lot you could do with that land. And council member Kari Birdseye talks about this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Kari Bridseye: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:23] \u003c/em>Centrally located, we have two interstates, a rail line, a port. We have so much potential here and it’s my vision to have a very diverse set of businesses and developers come in and be part of our community on the 900 acres that Valero owns right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:53] \u003c/em>Coming up, why Valero’s departure from Benicia is more complicated than it sounds. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:07] \u003c/em>It does seem like there is a lot of planning and daydreaming about what that future could look like in Benicia. So when exactly is the Valero refinery closing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:20] \u003c/em>That’s unclear at this moment. They’ve stopped refining. There’s nothing coming out of those stacks. But because of the global fuel crisis and California’s own problem of tightening supply between Valero and the Phillips 66 refinery in Southern California that closed last year, California lost 20% of the fuel that’s refined in the state. So California is looking to make that up. As soon as Valero said they were gonna leave, Governor Newsom, the California Energy Commission did everything they could to get Valero to stay. They couldn’t convince them to keep refining, but they did get them to agree to use their facilities to import refined fuels, store it, and then disperse it, using their pipes to get it to other parts of the state. In a community meeting, the Valero refinery manager said they thinks they probably won’t be there longer than two years, but that was like the only indication of a timeframe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:33] \u003c/em>It sounds like parts of the refinery are still being used because of the fact that we still, as a state and a country and I guess a world, still rely very heavily on oil and gas and that this is sort of being also pushed by this global fuel crisis that you’re just talking about. But what does that mean for Benicia? What does that means for the city’s ability to really plan for its future?\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:03] \u003c/em>It makes it very difficult for them to plan. I mean, that’s all they can do at this point is say, well, let’s start planning. Let’s get investors in here. Let’s clean it up. There’s things they can now, like trying to figure out how much it’s gonna cost to clean it. But it really delays their ability to move forward with redevelopment, which is a big part of their financial plan. Having Valero stay in this capacity where they’re not refining. They’re not going to be paying the kind of taxes they were. They’re going to pay some small. So they’re not gonna be offering the benefit they used to, but they’re also gonna be kind of preventing the city from moving forward. And people there are understandably very concerned about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christina Gilpin Hayes: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:50] \u003c/em>You know, it’s a catch-22. We might be better off, you know, environmentally, but not so much better off fiscally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:57] \u003c/em>And I talked to Christina Gilpin Hayes, she’s a resident, but she also serves on the city’s planning commission. She wasn’t like effusive, some people were really excited that Valera was leaving. She wasn’t one of those people. She’s like, look, we knew this was coming. And unfortunately, by them staying on like this, it really hamstrings the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christina Gilpin Hayes: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:17] \u003c/em>It just prolongs what we need to happen, you know, either go or don’t, but if you continue to use it as a storage facility, it eliminates the ability for the city to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:34] \u003c/em>That’s not even to mention that all of this redevelopment will require a lot of money, I imagine. And we talked at the top about how California more broadly is sort of leading the way and transitioning away from oil and gas and that Benicia isn’t the first city to even try and do it, but it still seems like it’s easier said than done. So what help does exist for cities that are making this transition, Julie?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:15:07] \u003c/em>Well, one thing that the state has done, we’ll start with the positives, is that they have created this displaced oil and gas worker fund, which basically helps these workers that are being laid off at Valero transition into jobs that match their skill, their expertise, and also offer comparable wages in other industries. They’re also offering $25,000 grants to small businesses affected by the closure of Valero. That’s kind of what’s at the state level. Locally, there’s a lot more. One of the big things that Benicia is hoping to lean on is the Bay Area Air District. Our air regulator has started a new program. It’s taking fines against polluters like Valero and reinvesting those fines back into communities that were affected by emissions. They find Valero 82 million in 2024 for over a decade of excess emissions. And they’re making… 60 million of that available to Benicia and surrounding communities. Benicia’s not sure how much of that money they’re going to get awarded and they won’t know until the fall but they’re hoping to use that money to keep the city government afloat and keep services for the community consistent so that they can handle this transition and they’re pretty confident they’re gonna get a lot of support from the Air District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:29] \u003c/em>Is it enough for cities and towns like Benicia? Like, how do Benicia residents and officials feel about the support that’s coming from the state and air regulators?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:40] \u003c/em>I think they feel pretty positive about what’s coming from the air regulators. At the state level, you know, they could use a lot more support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Josh Sonnenfeld: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:49] \u003c/em>There’s a lot more that we can and should be doing at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:52] \u003c/em>I talked to Josh Sonnenfeld with the UC Berkeley Labor Center, and he says most of the emphasis has been on how to show up the fuel supply and not nearly enough on how do we help these refinery towns actually transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Josh Sonnenfeld: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:17:09] \u003c/em>For example, California is one of the biggest markets for clean energy products, right? Whether that’s solar panels, EVs, heat pumps. And we have an opportunity to actually build these products in California as well. And so how can we make sure that the inequities of the past century of putting low-income housing and people of color and immigrants next to refineries. That we’re actually undoing some of that damage with the new economy that we are trying to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:17:41] \u003c/em>He says, you know, the state should be doing both. They should be making sure that the fuel supply stays stable, but they could also be helping refinery towns by establishing a state office to facilitate and guide economic transitions, like which other states have done. And also he cited New York State, for example, created something called a tax revenue stabilization fund. It’s basically cash that the state provides to a refinery town to cope with the sudden drop and tax revenues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Josh Sonnenfeld: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:18:11] \u003c/em>There is opportunity for us to develop something similar in California. But the key is, do it in a way where we’re really, we really need the feedback of local communities about how they wanna transition their economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:18:24] \u003c/em>From my vantage point, I tried to find out what concretely they’re doing and I got just a lot of word salad. But, you know, other people in Benicia feel like they’re more involved in sort of the backroom discussions, feel that the state is with the town and will be helping more going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:18:46] \u003c/em>Well, what do you think, Julie, it will take for Benicia to, in fact, become the poster child of a just transition?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:18:55] \u003c/em>It will take Valero’s departure, the final departure of Valero so that that land can be redeveloped. I really think that that’s the key to their future. I think it’s going to take more support from the state for displaced workers. And also just like Benicia on its own cannot create a new green economy. There’s a lot of effort regionally to create like these green economic zones, manufacturing zones for the green industry. It’s going take programs like that to provide a new identity for Benicia, a new economy. It takes ten years to decontaminate. Refinery site, according to state officials, you know, whose job is it is to do that. And that’s like probably a conservative number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:19:44] \u003c/em>What’s your sense of how city leaders are feeling in Benicia? You think they’re hopeful about their future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:19:51] \u003c/em>They are hopeful. I mean, it’s a really great community and it’s really politically active community. I mean in 2016, Valero wanted to bring in oil by rail and that really galvanized people. You know, I left that town hall feeling like a lot of other people probably did, which was like, yes, they can do it. I’ve since become a little more like, wait a minute, you know, they’re relying on a lot of aspects here that are tenuous. But they’re very driven and they have a lot of know-how and a lot chutzpah. Well, you have eight other refinery towns that are gonna be facing this, and having a blueprint that works is gonna make a big difference for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:20:41] \u003c/em>Well, Julie Small, thank you so much for joining me. I appreciate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:20:45] \u003c/em>Thank you, Ericka.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, San Francisco-Northern California Local.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Valero’s Benicia oil refinery employed hundreds of people and contributed millions in taxes to the local government for decades. Now, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12059271/urgent-need-benicia-braces-for-economic-future\">with the refinery on its way out\u003c/a>, local leaders hope Benicia can be a leading example for how cities transition away from the fossil fuel industry. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But with tight city budgets and a global fuel crisis, that’s much easier said than done.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC6761828258&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000877/californias-fuel-fears-threaten-benicias-just-transition-to-green-economy\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s Fuel Fears Threaten Benicia’s ‘Just Transition’ to Green Economy\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Episode Transcript\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:00] \u003c/em>I’m Ericka Cruz Guevara and welcome to The Bay, local news to keep you rooted. The city of Benicia has been thinking a lot about its future lately. With fewer than 30,000 residents, this 15.7-square-mile town along the Carquinez Strait has been shaped for decades by the Valero oil refinery, which propped up the local economy, employed hundreds of workers and contributed taxes that paid roughly 10% of the city’s budget. But last month, Valero officially stopped refining crude oil in Benicia. Now, city leaders hope Benicia can be the shining example of a so-called just transition, away from fossil fuels to renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mario Giuliani: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:59] \u003c/em>There are eight other communities in California that are home to a refinery, and it’s only a matter of when those communities are gonna have to go through what Benicia’s going through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:12] \u003c/em>Today, how Benicia is planning for a future without a refinery and why it’s easier said than done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:26] \u003c/em>So Julie, as I understand it, some people have referred to Benicia as a potential poster child for what a quote unquote just transition could look like. First, what is a just transition for those who don’t know what that is? And when did you first hear that in reference to Benicia?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:49] \u003c/em>There’s a lot of definitions for just transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:52] \u003c/em>Julie Small is a reporter for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:55] \u003c/em>In this case, a just transition is a city moving off its reliance on a fossil fuel industry in such a way that increases the healthiness of the community and the overall standard of living for the community. And it does so in such way that the economy is sustained and diversified and reinvested into clean renewable energies and industries. The first time I heard that term being applied to Benicia was at this February town hall meeting. A hundred people packed into the city library to hear from the city manager, Mario Giuliani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mario Giuliani: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:43] \u003c/em>We have a great responsibility and honor to be the model community on how we transition\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:52] \u003c/em>He told them, you know, this is the plan for how we’re gonna make up for Valero’s departure. We are going to become that poster child for a just transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mario Giuliani: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:02] \u003c/em>How do you protect a community that is home to a refinery? And so you don’t decimate that community, but you allow them to springboard to something else. And I think that we’re well positioned to kind of write that playbook\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:19] \u003c/em>Big words there from the city manager. And also I feel like a really big task, right? Because for context, Benicia’s, as I understand it, entire local economy and city budget relies very heavily on Valero, right?\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:37] \u003c/em>I mean, we’re talking about 10% of the tax revenue that the city collects comes from the Valero refinery. And then there’s all the other industries in the area that build parts or provide services to the refineries. It’s also all the people in town, the restaurants, services leaning heavily on that income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:02] \u003c/em>Can you actually remind us, Julie, why Valero is leaving Benicia in the first place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:08] \u003c/em>The company says it’s leaving because demand for fossil fuel in California is declining, you know, with the rise of renewables and we’re, you know phasing out fossil fuel cars. We’re switching to electrical vehicles. At the same time, regulations on the oil industry are increasing in California as we’re trying to get a handle on controlling emissions and also controlling gas prices. Valero’s CEO has publicly complained about some recent bills that were passed in response to gas price spikes that would have penalized oil companies if they make excessive profits. You know, it’s important to emphasize that although Valero says that’s why they’re leaving, it is part of a trend we’re seeing across the country. Refineries are closing everywhere, so it’s not just unique to California, it not just because we have all these regulations. It’s that these are huge multinational global conglomerates that are maximizing their profit. If they can move their operations overseas where the labor’s cheaper and they have more demand, they’re gonna do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:22] \u003c/em>As I guess Benicia’s preparing for Valero to leave, I imagine there’s been a lot of thinking and talking about what the city would look like without it. So what could a just transition look like in a town like Benicia?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:39] \u003c/em>Well, they definitely want Venetia to be a cleaner town. They don’t want to have new industries come in that are polluting. So they’re looking to get away from this cycle of having to deal with emissions over decades and high asthma rates and high breast cancer rates. So looking for industries that, one, will diversify the economy, so they’re not so dependent on one big company, but also We’ll change the focus. We’ll be actually contributing to California’s goals to become carbon neutral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Kari Bridseye: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:12] \u003c/em>We’re in a very precarious moment right now, but I’m filled with hope because of what we have here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:20] \u003c/em>I talked to Kari Birdseye, city council member at Benicia, and she’s actually by trade an environmental scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Kari Bridseye: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:28] \u003c/em>Anybody that knows me knows that I always talk about the opportunity for the Port of Benicia being involved in standing up the offshore wind industry in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:41] \u003c/em>So she’s really excited about the fact that the port in Benicia that is currently used by Valero to export pet coke, which is a byproduct of refining and polluting substance, using that instead as a place where you could manufacture and export parts for the nascent offshore wind industry in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Kari Bridseye: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:05] \u003c/em>And to me, that’s the perfect scenario for a just transition away from fossil fuels. Let’s be part of the solution instead of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:16] \u003c/em>There’s also this question in the city about what to do with the land that the refinery is on as well, right? I mean, it covers like a huge swath of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:27] \u003c/em>Yeah, 900 acres of prime land right there overlooking the Carquinez Strait. It’s beautiful area. It is going to take a while before that land is usable. There’s a buffer zone around the refinery, it’s about 500 acres, that they’re hoping could be redeveloped sooner because it’s not as contaminated as the refineries site itself. They’d like to see that become, you know, housing or businesses that are catering to the local economy. Valero has actually hired a company to repurpose the land, redevelop the land for them. Those proposals are coming in the fall, so we don’t know exactly what that’s gonna be, but there’s a lot you could do with that land. And council member Kari Birdseye talks about this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Kari Bridseye: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:23] \u003c/em>Centrally located, we have two interstates, a rail line, a port. We have so much potential here and it’s my vision to have a very diverse set of businesses and developers come in and be part of our community on the 900 acres that Valero owns right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:53] \u003c/em>Coming up, why Valero’s departure from Benicia is more complicated than it sounds. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:07] \u003c/em>It does seem like there is a lot of planning and daydreaming about what that future could look like in Benicia. So when exactly is the Valero refinery closing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:20] \u003c/em>That’s unclear at this moment. They’ve stopped refining. There’s nothing coming out of those stacks. But because of the global fuel crisis and California’s own problem of tightening supply between Valero and the Phillips 66 refinery in Southern California that closed last year, California lost 20% of the fuel that’s refined in the state. So California is looking to make that up. As soon as Valero said they were gonna leave, Governor Newsom, the California Energy Commission did everything they could to get Valero to stay. They couldn’t convince them to keep refining, but they did get them to agree to use their facilities to import refined fuels, store it, and then disperse it, using their pipes to get it to other parts of the state. In a community meeting, the Valero refinery manager said they thinks they probably won’t be there longer than two years, but that was like the only indication of a timeframe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:33] \u003c/em>It sounds like parts of the refinery are still being used because of the fact that we still, as a state and a country and I guess a world, still rely very heavily on oil and gas and that this is sort of being also pushed by this global fuel crisis that you’re just talking about. But what does that mean for Benicia? What does that means for the city’s ability to really plan for its future?\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:03] \u003c/em>It makes it very difficult for them to plan. I mean, that’s all they can do at this point is say, well, let’s start planning. Let’s get investors in here. Let’s clean it up. There’s things they can now, like trying to figure out how much it’s gonna cost to clean it. But it really delays their ability to move forward with redevelopment, which is a big part of their financial plan. Having Valero stay in this capacity where they’re not refining. They’re not going to be paying the kind of taxes they were. They’re going to pay some small. So they’re not gonna be offering the benefit they used to, but they’re also gonna be kind of preventing the city from moving forward. And people there are understandably very concerned about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christina Gilpin Hayes: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:50] \u003c/em>You know, it’s a catch-22. We might be better off, you know, environmentally, but not so much better off fiscally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:57] \u003c/em>And I talked to Christina Gilpin Hayes, she’s a resident, but she also serves on the city’s planning commission. She wasn’t like effusive, some people were really excited that Valera was leaving. She wasn’t one of those people. She’s like, look, we knew this was coming. And unfortunately, by them staying on like this, it really hamstrings the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christina Gilpin Hayes: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:17] \u003c/em>It just prolongs what we need to happen, you know, either go or don’t, but if you continue to use it as a storage facility, it eliminates the ability for the city to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:34] \u003c/em>That’s not even to mention that all of this redevelopment will require a lot of money, I imagine. And we talked at the top about how California more broadly is sort of leading the way and transitioning away from oil and gas and that Benicia isn’t the first city to even try and do it, but it still seems like it’s easier said than done. So what help does exist for cities that are making this transition, Julie?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:15:07] \u003c/em>Well, one thing that the state has done, we’ll start with the positives, is that they have created this displaced oil and gas worker fund, which basically helps these workers that are being laid off at Valero transition into jobs that match their skill, their expertise, and also offer comparable wages in other industries. They’re also offering $25,000 grants to small businesses affected by the closure of Valero. That’s kind of what’s at the state level. Locally, there’s a lot more. One of the big things that Benicia is hoping to lean on is the Bay Area Air District. Our air regulator has started a new program. It’s taking fines against polluters like Valero and reinvesting those fines back into communities that were affected by emissions. They find Valero 82 million in 2024 for over a decade of excess emissions. And they’re making… 60 million of that available to Benicia and surrounding communities. Benicia’s not sure how much of that money they’re going to get awarded and they won’t know until the fall but they’re hoping to use that money to keep the city government afloat and keep services for the community consistent so that they can handle this transition and they’re pretty confident they’re gonna get a lot of support from the Air District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:29] \u003c/em>Is it enough for cities and towns like Benicia? Like, how do Benicia residents and officials feel about the support that’s coming from the state and air regulators?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:40] \u003c/em>I think they feel pretty positive about what’s coming from the air regulators. At the state level, you know, they could use a lot more support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Josh Sonnenfeld: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:49] \u003c/em>There’s a lot more that we can and should be doing at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:52] \u003c/em>I talked to Josh Sonnenfeld with the UC Berkeley Labor Center, and he says most of the emphasis has been on how to show up the fuel supply and not nearly enough on how do we help these refinery towns actually transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Josh Sonnenfeld: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:17:09] \u003c/em>For example, California is one of the biggest markets for clean energy products, right? Whether that’s solar panels, EVs, heat pumps. And we have an opportunity to actually build these products in California as well. And so how can we make sure that the inequities of the past century of putting low-income housing and people of color and immigrants next to refineries. That we’re actually undoing some of that damage with the new economy that we are trying to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:17:41] \u003c/em>He says, you know, the state should be doing both. They should be making sure that the fuel supply stays stable, but they could also be helping refinery towns by establishing a state office to facilitate and guide economic transitions, like which other states have done. And also he cited New York State, for example, created something called a tax revenue stabilization fund. It’s basically cash that the state provides to a refinery town to cope with the sudden drop and tax revenues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Josh Sonnenfeld: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:18:11] \u003c/em>There is opportunity for us to develop something similar in California. But the key is, do it in a way where we’re really, we really need the feedback of local communities about how they wanna transition their economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:18:24] \u003c/em>From my vantage point, I tried to find out what concretely they’re doing and I got just a lot of word salad. But, you know, other people in Benicia feel like they’re more involved in sort of the backroom discussions, feel that the state is with the town and will be helping more going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:18:46] \u003c/em>Well, what do you think, Julie, it will take for Benicia to, in fact, become the poster child of a just transition?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:18:55] \u003c/em>It will take Valero’s departure, the final departure of Valero so that that land can be redeveloped. I really think that that’s the key to their future. I think it’s going to take more support from the state for displaced workers. And also just like Benicia on its own cannot create a new green economy. There’s a lot of effort regionally to create like these green economic zones, manufacturing zones for the green industry. It’s going take programs like that to provide a new identity for Benicia, a new economy. It takes ten years to decontaminate. Refinery site, according to state officials, you know, whose job is it is to do that. And that’s like probably a conservative number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:19:44] \u003c/em>What’s your sense of how city leaders are feeling in Benicia? You think they’re hopeful about their future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:19:51] \u003c/em>They are hopeful. I mean, it’s a really great community and it’s really politically active community. I mean in 2016, Valero wanted to bring in oil by rail and that really galvanized people. You know, I left that town hall feeling like a lot of other people probably did, which was like, yes, they can do it. I’ve since become a little more like, wait a minute, you know, they’re relying on a lot of aspects here that are tenuous. But they’re very driven and they have a lot of know-how and a lot chutzpah. Well, you have eight other refinery towns that are gonna be facing this, and having a blueprint that works is gonna make a big difference for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:20:41] \u003c/em>Well, Julie Small, thank you so much for joining me. I appreciate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Small: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:20:45] \u003c/em>Thank you, Ericka.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists predict that an upcoming \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101913837/a-monster-el-nino-is-brewing-in-the-pacific\">“Super El Niño”\u003c/a> will make 2026 to 2027 the hottest years on record and bring significant sea level rise to the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An update on Thursday from the National Weather Service’s Climate Prediction Center said that El Niño is likely to emerge as soon as May and persist through the end of winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While El Niño, a warming of the ocean, and La Niña, a cooling of the ocean, are natural patterns that come and go every 2 to 7 years, this year’s El Niño could be one of the strongest on record — and may give Bay Area residents a preview of what life on the coast will be like in just a decade or two if global warming continues at its current pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Swain, a climate scientist with UC Agriculture and Natural Resources, said the term “Super El Niño” is just a colloquial way to describe a “more extreme than merely strong” climate pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Super El Niño is not something magical, it’s not something new, that’s never happened before,” Swain said this week during his live-streamed “office-hours” series.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain said El Niños in 1982, 1997, and 2015 each resulted in “very different global effects” — ranging from record rainfall, which caused some \u003ca href=\"https://www.whoi.edu/science/b/people/kamaral/1982-1983ElNino.html\">Peruvian\u003c/a> rivers to carry 1,000 times their normal flow in 1983, to severe drought in \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/2015-state-climate-el-ni%C3%B1o-came-saw-and-conquered\">Ethiopia\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10898113\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10898113 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/ElNino.jpg\" alt=\"A downed tree in Oakland after last weekend's El Niño-fueled storms.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1224\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/ElNino.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/ElNino-400x255.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/ElNino-800x510.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/ElNino-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/ElNino-960x612.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A downed tree in Oakland after El Niño-fueled storms in 2016. Scientists warned the climate pattern could be the strongest on record, and result in a temporary sea level rise of around 6 inches in California. \u003ccite>(Andrea Kissack/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year’s “Super El Niño,” Swain said, will result in a temporary sea level rise of around 6 inches in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to add that number to climate change-caused sea level rise, which — depending on where you are in California — ranges from about 6 inches to a foot over the past century,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond sustained sea level rise, scientists expect major storms and flooding starting this winter. They predict that these storms will be particularly strong as the effects of El Niño compound with the effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents should expect “significant implications for coastal flooding [and] for wind and surf damage along the coast,” Swain said, pointing to the large \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12019798/repair-work-left-santa-cruz-wharf-vulnerable-to-collapse-a-rebuild-is-uncertain\">wave events in Santa Cruz \u003c/a>and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1999871/after-king-tides-swamp-marin-san-rafael-weighs-billion-dollar-defenses-against-the-bay\">king tide flooding in Marin\u003c/a> last year as examples of what may be in store.[aside postID=news_12069118 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/MarinCountyFloodingAP3.jpg']On KQED’s Forum on Thursday, science writer David Wallace-Wells and climate activist Bill McKibben compared this El Niño to a particularly deadly event in 1877. The main difference between then and now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People in the 1870s had no idea what was happening to them, whereas in this case, scientists from across the planet have given us timely warning that we should be using to prepare for what’s ahead,” McKibben said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This preparedness, however, will likely be impacted by federal cuts to science and weather programs, he warned: “We’re not doing a great job of heeding the wonderful warning that science has been able to provide us. We’re not doing a great job of heeding the wonderful warning that science has been able to provide us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Department of Emergency Management said that the possibility of a strong El Niño is part of the city’s preparedness planning. In the coastal city, El Niño can mean a higher potential for heavy rain, localized flooding, and storm-related disruptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our focus is on coordinating closely with partner agencies, preparing our response systems, and encouraging the public to take preparedness steps before severe weather arrives,” a spokesperson said in a statement on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKibben reminded listeners that winter is coming: “Don’t let your insurance lapse this year,” he said. “We’re headed into a very, very interesting season, I’m afraid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists predict that an upcoming \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101913837/a-monster-el-nino-is-brewing-in-the-pacific\">“Super El Niño”\u003c/a> will make 2026 to 2027 the hottest years on record and bring significant sea level rise to the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An update on Thursday from the National Weather Service’s Climate Prediction Center said that El Niño is likely to emerge as soon as May and persist through the end of winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While El Niño, a warming of the ocean, and La Niña, a cooling of the ocean, are natural patterns that come and go every 2 to 7 years, this year’s El Niño could be one of the strongest on record — and may give Bay Area residents a preview of what life on the coast will be like in just a decade or two if global warming continues at its current pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Swain, a climate scientist with UC Agriculture and Natural Resources, said the term “Super El Niño” is just a colloquial way to describe a “more extreme than merely strong” climate pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Super El Niño is not something magical, it’s not something new, that’s never happened before,” Swain said this week during his live-streamed “office-hours” series.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain said El Niños in 1982, 1997, and 2015 each resulted in “very different global effects” — ranging from record rainfall, which caused some \u003ca href=\"https://www.whoi.edu/science/b/people/kamaral/1982-1983ElNino.html\">Peruvian\u003c/a> rivers to carry 1,000 times their normal flow in 1983, to severe drought in \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/2015-state-climate-el-ni%C3%B1o-came-saw-and-conquered\">Ethiopia\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10898113\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10898113 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/ElNino.jpg\" alt=\"A downed tree in Oakland after last weekend's El Niño-fueled storms.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1224\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/ElNino.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/ElNino-400x255.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/ElNino-800x510.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/ElNino-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/ElNino-960x612.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A downed tree in Oakland after El Niño-fueled storms in 2016. Scientists warned the climate pattern could be the strongest on record, and result in a temporary sea level rise of around 6 inches in California. \u003ccite>(Andrea Kissack/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year’s “Super El Niño,” Swain said, will result in a temporary sea level rise of around 6 inches in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to add that number to climate change-caused sea level rise, which — depending on where you are in California — ranges from about 6 inches to a foot over the past century,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond sustained sea level rise, scientists expect major storms and flooding starting this winter. They predict that these storms will be particularly strong as the effects of El Niño compound with the effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents should expect “significant implications for coastal flooding [and] for wind and surf damage along the coast,” Swain said, pointing to the large \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12019798/repair-work-left-santa-cruz-wharf-vulnerable-to-collapse-a-rebuild-is-uncertain\">wave events in Santa Cruz \u003c/a>and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1999871/after-king-tides-swamp-marin-san-rafael-weighs-billion-dollar-defenses-against-the-bay\">king tide flooding in Marin\u003c/a> last year as examples of what may be in store.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On KQED’s Forum on Thursday, science writer David Wallace-Wells and climate activist Bill McKibben compared this El Niño to a particularly deadly event in 1877. The main difference between then and now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People in the 1870s had no idea what was happening to them, whereas in this case, scientists from across the planet have given us timely warning that we should be using to prepare for what’s ahead,” McKibben said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This preparedness, however, will likely be impacted by federal cuts to science and weather programs, he warned: “We’re not doing a great job of heeding the wonderful warning that science has been able to provide us. We’re not doing a great job of heeding the wonderful warning that science has been able to provide us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Department of Emergency Management said that the possibility of a strong El Niño is part of the city’s preparedness planning. In the coastal city, El Niño can mean a higher potential for heavy rain, localized flooding, and storm-related disruptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our focus is on coordinating closely with partner agencies, preparing our response systems, and encouraging the public to take preparedness steps before severe weather arrives,” a spokesperson said in a statement on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKibben reminded listeners that winter is coming: “Don’t let your insurance lapse this year,” he said. “We’re headed into a very, very interesting season, I’m afraid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12069967/mayor-lurie-on-san-francisco-we-are-on-our-way-back-but-we-still-have-work-to-do\">San Franciscans\u003c/a> love to gather at Dolores Park to watch the skyline glow at sunset. The hard edges of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11934056/the-transamerica-pyramid-at-50-from-architectural-butchery-to-icon\">Transamerica Pyramid\u003c/a> catch the light. Then the San Francisco Marriott Marquis, with its Art Deco-inspired windows, and finally, the spiraling silvery-grey of the Salesforce Tower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Mary Ellen Carroll looks out at the skyline and rows of Victorian homes with soft-story ground floors, she’s filled with anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see all these people, all these buildings, and the extent of the need that could occur after a big earthquake,” said Carroll, executive director of the San Francisco Department of Emergency Management. “How many people are ready for that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That “heavy responsibility” for Carroll shakes up every April 18, the anniversary of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10930485/see-how-san-francisco-rebuilt-110-years-after-the-1906-quake\">1906 earthquake\u003c/a>. This year marks 120 years since the magnitude 7.9 rupture along the San Andreas fault roughly two miles offshore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quake and the fires that followed killed 3,000 people, leveled much of San Francisco and left more than half the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13898345/the-1906-earthquake-survivor-who-fought-for-san-franciscos-homeless-population\">city’s residents unhoused\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12080164\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12080164\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-01-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-01-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-01-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-01-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Ellen Carroll, executive director of the San Francisco Department of Emergency Management, at her office in San Francisco City Hall on April 15, 2026. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The anniversary reminds Carroll that the Bay Area remains extremely vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a 72% chance that a magnitude 6.7 earthquake or stronger will occur here in the next three decades, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-probability-earthquake-will-occur-los-angeles-area-san-francisco-bay-area#:~:text=San%20Francisco%20Bay%20area%3A,an%20earthquake%20measuring%20magnitude%207.5\">a 2014 analysis\u003c/a> from the United States Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the earth shakes wildly again, it will do so in a Bay Area transformed from 1906, now home to a population more than 10 times larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12080264\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1973px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12080264\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/240416-1906-san-francisco-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1973\" height=\"1424\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/240416-1906-san-francisco-KQED.jpg 1973w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/240416-1906-san-francisco-KQED-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/240416-1906-san-francisco-KQED-1536x1109.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1973px) 100vw, 1973px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This photograph, taken by George Lawrence from a series of kites five weeks after the great earthquake of April 18, 1906, shows the devastation brought on the city of San Francisco by the quake and subsequent fire. The view is looking over Nob Hill toward the business district, South of the Slot, and the distant Mission. The Fairmont Hotel, far left. dwarfs the Call Building. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Harry Myers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco spent more than $20 billion on seismic upgrades over the past several decades. The money went to \u003ca href=\"https://data.sfgov.org/Housing-and-Buildings/Map-of-Soft-Story-Properties/jwdp-cqyc\">retrofitting older brick and wood buildings\u003c/a>, seismic improvements to infrastructure, constructing new, safe hospitals, police and fire stations and strengthening emergency response systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.spur.org/publications/policy-brief/2026-04-09/120-years-after-1906\">new policy brief from the Bay Area think tank SPUR\u003c/a> warns that more than 3,700 pre-1995 concrete buildings — concentrated downtown — could face significant risk, and some fire hazards have gone unaddressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There would definitely be buildings that could collapse,” said Sarah Atkinson, author of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12080162\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12080162\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-03-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-03-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-03-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-03-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sarah Atkinson, a hazard resilience senior policy manager at the San Francisco Bay Area Planning and Urban Research Association (SPUR), at the organization’s offices in San Francisco on April 13, 2026. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state has significantly improved its early warning system, too. While phone applications and alerts give people an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000568/after-4-6-earthquake-jolts-santa-cruz-seismologists-double-down-on-myshake-alerts\">extra moment to drop and hold on\u003c/a>, they do little to improve a building’s seismic safety. Some researchers point to evidence that a much larger earthquake than the 1906 quake could shake the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carroll said most San Franciscans cannot grasp what a colossal rattling will feel like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take an earthquake for us to take an earthquake seriously,” Carroll said. “There will be catastrophic damage. It will interrupt the economy, likely take lives, and we’ll take considerable time to recover.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘A big earthquake can happen again’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Predicting where the next damaging Bay Area earthquake isn’t an exact science. Seismologists know a lot about faults: their general size, stress and history. But scientists can’t tell exactly when or where a rupture will occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beneath the region, there lie many medium- to large-faults, including the San Andreas and Hayward faults, as well as many smaller fissures. Evan Hirakawa, a USGS research geophysicist, said seismologists are watching the Hayward Fault, which runs beneath the East Bay Hills, because it has the highest likelihood of a major earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Andreas has a lower probability because it experienced an intense quake a little more than a century ago, which is “recently” in geologic time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12080165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12080165\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-02-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-02-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-02-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-02-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of high-rises in downtown San Francisco from Salesforce Park on April 15, 2026. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But an impressive quake could also happen on a separate fracture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see these old black and white pictures of people in 1906, dealing with the rubble, but in some ways [the next big quake] might not be that different,” Hirakawa said. “People should know that a big earthquake can happen again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen Sherman Wade was 8 years old and living in Southern California when the 1994 Northridge earthquake shook his family’s home for more than 20 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beds shuddered against the wall,” Wade said. “It was terrifying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After moving to San Francisco’s SoMa neighborhood in 2020, he made it a priority to find a home that was seismically safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No building is ever going to be 100% structurally sound against an earthquake,” Wade said, “but you can build pretty well for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We still have a lot of work to do’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s earthquake dilemma is long-standing. The SPUR brief states that 60% of the city’s buildings were constructed prior to 1940, “without consideration for modern earthquake codes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many are made of concrete, and in previous quakes elsewhere, similar buildings “pancaked on themselves,” causing “a lot of deaths,” Atkinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1992, San Francisco developed a seismic hazard rating system to assess more than 200 city-owned buildings, using a 1-to-4 scale (best to worst). The city is still \u003ca href=\"https://onesanfrancisco.org/the-plan-2018/building-our-future-earthquakes#:~:text=Seismic%20Hazard%20Ratings%20(SHRs)%20were,prioritization%20of%20seismically%20vulnerable%20structures.\">working to address\u003c/a> many at-risk buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12080328\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1212px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12080328\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260416-SPUR-Map-KQED.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1212\" height=\"820\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260416-SPUR-Map-KQED.png 1212w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260416-SPUR-Map-KQED-160x108.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1212px) 100vw, 1212px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new policy brief from the Bay Area think tank SPUR warns that more than 3,700 pre-1995 concrete buildings could face significant risk if a large earthquake were to occur near San Francisco. The map highlighted in the SPUR reporter is sourced from the City and County of San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of SPUR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Officials are now turning to concrete buildings and requiring owners to self-report to staff by June 2027. The thousands of commercial, government, industrial and multi-family buildings are scattered throughout the city, but a concentrated block is in downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the emergency services side, Carroll’s team is modernizing the city’s earthquake plan, transforming a big binder of scenarios into actionable lists that staff can also pull up on their phones during a disaster. The update is due by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simultaneously, the city is asking voters to approve a \u003ca href=\"https://sfpublicworks.org/eser-2026#:~:text=The%20previous%20three%20ESER%20bonds,progress%20to%20protect%20San%20Francisco.\">$535 million bond\u003c/a> in June. The measure would fund seismic upgrades to fire stations, police stations, the 911 center, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060130/san-francisco-reveals-new-earthquake-firefighting-system-36-years-after-loma-prieta\">emergency firefighting water system\u003c/a>, and improvements to the bus system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve touched every neighborhood in the city, and we still have a lot of work to do, which is why another bond is coming up,” said Brian Strong, the city’s chief resilience officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a new complication, he said. The city cannot rely on federal disaster aid under the Trump administration, and city budget constraints are limiting its office’s capacity to focus on seismic issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to start making investments upfront so that when an earthquake happens, we don’t need to have that sort of high level of support from the federal government,” Strong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It’s a known limitation of earthquake warning’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Robert Olshansky remembers when there was no early earthquake warning system. Phones didn’t blare in the middle of the night, agencies didn’t text warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olshansky was rocked by a moderate-sized tremor in Southern California in 1971 and lived in North Berkeley during the Loma Prieta quake in 1989. By contrast, the 1906 quake released about 16 times as much energy as the Loma Prieta quake, according \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1906calif/18april/got_seismogram_lp.php\">to the USGS\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12080163\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12080163\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-07-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-07-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-07-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-07-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Francisco Bay Area Planning and Urban Research Association (SPUR) offices in San Francisco on April 13, 2026. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the time, Olshansky was about to put his home on the market that weekend so he and his family could move out of state. When he got home early from work, the house began to shake. His impulse was to run out, but he froze and endured the shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I turned on the news to try and find out what happened, but it wasn’t clear at first,” Olshansky said. “There was the Bay Bridge, there was a fire in the Mission District. We were seeing all these bits of news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, systems like the MyShake app developed by UC Berkeley’s Seismology Lab can send alerts within seven seconds of a magnitude 4.5 earthquake or larger. But in the case of a “1906-type earthquake,” communities closest to the epicenter will likely get no warning, said Angie Lux, a project scientist for earthquake warning with the lab.[aside postID=news_11999982 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/MyShakeUCBerkeley-1020x679.jpg']“It’s a known limitation of earthquake warning, but I don’t think that it makes the system not useful,” Lux said. “Just having that warning means that people take action faster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there might be another signal for some large quakes in Northern California. Chris Goldfinger, a marine geologist at Oregon State University, published a study last fall that found \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/21/6/1132/661517/Unravelling-the-dance-of-earthquakes-Evidence-of?searchresult=1\">large earthquakes likely occurred in\u003c/a> sync along the West Coast’s two major faults — the San Andreas and the Cascadia Subduction Zone — over the past 3,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The faults rupturing together may produce “shaking that could actually be stronger than 1906,” and after the Cascadia moves, the San Andreas could follow within “minutes to hours to days” and up to 50 years, Goldfinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would give you more than the few seconds that you’d get now from the early warning system we have,” Goldfinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the Bay Area will eventually jolt harder than people have experienced in modern history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely going to happen,” Goldfinger said. “It is just really a question of when and a question of how prepared we will be for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That “heavy responsibility” for Carroll shakes up every April 18, the anniversary of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10930485/see-how-san-francisco-rebuilt-110-years-after-the-1906-quake\">1906 earthquake\u003c/a>. This year marks 120 years since the magnitude 7.9 rupture along the San Andreas fault roughly two miles offshore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quake and the fires that followed killed 3,000 people, leveled much of San Francisco and left more than half the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13898345/the-1906-earthquake-survivor-who-fought-for-san-franciscos-homeless-population\">city’s residents unhoused\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12080164\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12080164\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-01-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-01-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-01-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-01-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Ellen Carroll, executive director of the San Francisco Department of Emergency Management, at her office in San Francisco City Hall on April 15, 2026. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The anniversary reminds Carroll that the Bay Area remains extremely vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a 72% chance that a magnitude 6.7 earthquake or stronger will occur here in the next three decades, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-probability-earthquake-will-occur-los-angeles-area-san-francisco-bay-area#:~:text=San%20Francisco%20Bay%20area%3A,an%20earthquake%20measuring%20magnitude%207.5\">a 2014 analysis\u003c/a> from the United States Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the earth shakes wildly again, it will do so in a Bay Area transformed from 1906, now home to a population more than 10 times larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12080264\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1973px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12080264\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/240416-1906-san-francisco-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1973\" height=\"1424\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/240416-1906-san-francisco-KQED.jpg 1973w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/240416-1906-san-francisco-KQED-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/240416-1906-san-francisco-KQED-1536x1109.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1973px) 100vw, 1973px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This photograph, taken by George Lawrence from a series of kites five weeks after the great earthquake of April 18, 1906, shows the devastation brought on the city of San Francisco by the quake and subsequent fire. The view is looking over Nob Hill toward the business district, South of the Slot, and the distant Mission. The Fairmont Hotel, far left. dwarfs the Call Building. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Harry Myers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco spent more than $20 billion on seismic upgrades over the past several decades. The money went to \u003ca href=\"https://data.sfgov.org/Housing-and-Buildings/Map-of-Soft-Story-Properties/jwdp-cqyc\">retrofitting older brick and wood buildings\u003c/a>, seismic improvements to infrastructure, constructing new, safe hospitals, police and fire stations and strengthening emergency response systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.spur.org/publications/policy-brief/2026-04-09/120-years-after-1906\">new policy brief from the Bay Area think tank SPUR\u003c/a> warns that more than 3,700 pre-1995 concrete buildings — concentrated downtown — could face significant risk, and some fire hazards have gone unaddressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There would definitely be buildings that could collapse,” said Sarah Atkinson, author of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12080162\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12080162\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-03-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-03-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-03-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-03-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sarah Atkinson, a hazard resilience senior policy manager at the San Francisco Bay Area Planning and Urban Research Association (SPUR), at the organization’s offices in San Francisco on April 13, 2026. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state has significantly improved its early warning system, too. While phone applications and alerts give people an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000568/after-4-6-earthquake-jolts-santa-cruz-seismologists-double-down-on-myshake-alerts\">extra moment to drop and hold on\u003c/a>, they do little to improve a building’s seismic safety. Some researchers point to evidence that a much larger earthquake than the 1906 quake could shake the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carroll said most San Franciscans cannot grasp what a colossal rattling will feel like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take an earthquake for us to take an earthquake seriously,” Carroll said. “There will be catastrophic damage. It will interrupt the economy, likely take lives, and we’ll take considerable time to recover.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘A big earthquake can happen again’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Predicting where the next damaging Bay Area earthquake isn’t an exact science. Seismologists know a lot about faults: their general size, stress and history. But scientists can’t tell exactly when or where a rupture will occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beneath the region, there lie many medium- to large-faults, including the San Andreas and Hayward faults, as well as many smaller fissures. Evan Hirakawa, a USGS research geophysicist, said seismologists are watching the Hayward Fault, which runs beneath the East Bay Hills, because it has the highest likelihood of a major earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Andreas has a lower probability because it experienced an intense quake a little more than a century ago, which is “recently” in geologic time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12080165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12080165\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-02-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-02-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-02-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-02-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of high-rises in downtown San Francisco from Salesforce Park on April 15, 2026. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But an impressive quake could also happen on a separate fracture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see these old black and white pictures of people in 1906, dealing with the rubble, but in some ways [the next big quake] might not be that different,” Hirakawa said. “People should know that a big earthquake can happen again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen Sherman Wade was 8 years old and living in Southern California when the 1994 Northridge earthquake shook his family’s home for more than 20 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beds shuddered against the wall,” Wade said. “It was terrifying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After moving to San Francisco’s SoMa neighborhood in 2020, he made it a priority to find a home that was seismically safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No building is ever going to be 100% structurally sound against an earthquake,” Wade said, “but you can build pretty well for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We still have a lot of work to do’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s earthquake dilemma is long-standing. The SPUR brief states that 60% of the city’s buildings were constructed prior to 1940, “without consideration for modern earthquake codes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many are made of concrete, and in previous quakes elsewhere, similar buildings “pancaked on themselves,” causing “a lot of deaths,” Atkinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1992, San Francisco developed a seismic hazard rating system to assess more than 200 city-owned buildings, using a 1-to-4 scale (best to worst). The city is still \u003ca href=\"https://onesanfrancisco.org/the-plan-2018/building-our-future-earthquakes#:~:text=Seismic%20Hazard%20Ratings%20(SHRs)%20were,prioritization%20of%20seismically%20vulnerable%20structures.\">working to address\u003c/a> many at-risk buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12080328\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1212px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12080328\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260416-SPUR-Map-KQED.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1212\" height=\"820\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260416-SPUR-Map-KQED.png 1212w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260416-SPUR-Map-KQED-160x108.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1212px) 100vw, 1212px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new policy brief from the Bay Area think tank SPUR warns that more than 3,700 pre-1995 concrete buildings could face significant risk if a large earthquake were to occur near San Francisco. The map highlighted in the SPUR reporter is sourced from the City and County of San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of SPUR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Officials are now turning to concrete buildings and requiring owners to self-report to staff by June 2027. The thousands of commercial, government, industrial and multi-family buildings are scattered throughout the city, but a concentrated block is in downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the emergency services side, Carroll’s team is modernizing the city’s earthquake plan, transforming a big binder of scenarios into actionable lists that staff can also pull up on their phones during a disaster. The update is due by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simultaneously, the city is asking voters to approve a \u003ca href=\"https://sfpublicworks.org/eser-2026#:~:text=The%20previous%20three%20ESER%20bonds,progress%20to%20protect%20San%20Francisco.\">$535 million bond\u003c/a> in June. The measure would fund seismic upgrades to fire stations, police stations, the 911 center, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060130/san-francisco-reveals-new-earthquake-firefighting-system-36-years-after-loma-prieta\">emergency firefighting water system\u003c/a>, and improvements to the bus system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve touched every neighborhood in the city, and we still have a lot of work to do, which is why another bond is coming up,” said Brian Strong, the city’s chief resilience officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a new complication, he said. The city cannot rely on federal disaster aid under the Trump administration, and city budget constraints are limiting its office’s capacity to focus on seismic issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to start making investments upfront so that when an earthquake happens, we don’t need to have that sort of high level of support from the federal government,” Strong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It’s a known limitation of earthquake warning’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Robert Olshansky remembers when there was no early earthquake warning system. Phones didn’t blare in the middle of the night, agencies didn’t text warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olshansky was rocked by a moderate-sized tremor in Southern California in 1971 and lived in North Berkeley during the Loma Prieta quake in 1989. By contrast, the 1906 quake released about 16 times as much energy as the Loma Prieta quake, according \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1906calif/18april/got_seismogram_lp.php\">to the USGS\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12080163\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12080163\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-07-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-07-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-07-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260413-SPUREARTHQUAKE-07-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Francisco Bay Area Planning and Urban Research Association (SPUR) offices in San Francisco on April 13, 2026. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the time, Olshansky was about to put his home on the market that weekend so he and his family could move out of state. When he got home early from work, the house began to shake. His impulse was to run out, but he froze and endured the shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I turned on the news to try and find out what happened, but it wasn’t clear at first,” Olshansky said. “There was the Bay Bridge, there was a fire in the Mission District. We were seeing all these bits of news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, systems like the MyShake app developed by UC Berkeley’s Seismology Lab can send alerts within seven seconds of a magnitude 4.5 earthquake or larger. But in the case of a “1906-type earthquake,” communities closest to the epicenter will likely get no warning, said Angie Lux, a project scientist for earthquake warning with the lab.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s a known limitation of earthquake warning, but I don’t think that it makes the system not useful,” Lux said. “Just having that warning means that people take action faster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there might be another signal for some large quakes in Northern California. Chris Goldfinger, a marine geologist at Oregon State University, published a study last fall that found \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/21/6/1132/661517/Unravelling-the-dance-of-earthquakes-Evidence-of?searchresult=1\">large earthquakes likely occurred in\u003c/a> sync along the West Coast’s two major faults — the San Andreas and the Cascadia Subduction Zone — over the past 3,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The faults rupturing together may produce “shaking that could actually be stronger than 1906,” and after the Cascadia moves, the San Andreas could follow within “minutes to hours to days” and up to 50 years, Goldfinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would give you more than the few seconds that you’d get now from the early warning system we have,” Goldfinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the Bay Area will eventually jolt harder than people have experienced in modern history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely going to happen,” Goldfinger said. “It is just really a question of when and a question of how prepared we will be for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "4.6 Magnitude Earthquake in Santa Cruz Mountains Shakes Bay Area Awake",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bay Area residents were jolted awake by a magnitude 4.6 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/earthquakes\">earthquake\u003c/a> early Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey reported the quake, which was centered about a mile from Boulder Creek in the Santa Cruz Mountains, around 1:40 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Bay residents reported feeling the strongest tremors, with some saying they felt a sharp jolt followed by about 30 seconds of rolling and shaking. Across the Bay Area, the quake’s impacts were felt in San Francisco and Oakland, and as far north as Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was originally recorded as a magnitude of 5.1, but was downgraded to 4.6 by the USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early reports indicated little damage and no injuries as a result.[aside postID=news_11999982 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/MyShakeUCBerkeley-1020x679.jpg']It’s not clear what fault the quake occurred on. The San Andreas Fault, which caused the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, and the Hayward Fault, which has spurred multiple smaller seismic events over the last year, both run through the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of 8 a.m., no significant aftershocks have been reported. While any earthquake can be a foreshock of a larger one to come, the likelihood is generally quite low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to USGS, there’s about a 25% chance of a magnitude 3.0 or greater quake in the next week, but the likelihood of a stronger 4.0 magnitude quake in that time drops to just 3%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bay Area residents were jolted awake by a magnitude 4.6 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/earthquakes\">earthquake\u003c/a> early Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey reported the quake, which was centered about a mile from Boulder Creek in the Santa Cruz Mountains, around 1:40 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Bay residents reported feeling the strongest tremors, with some saying they felt a sharp jolt followed by about 30 seconds of rolling and shaking. Across the Bay Area, the quake’s impacts were felt in San Francisco and Oakland, and as far north as Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was originally recorded as a magnitude of 5.1, but was downgraded to 4.6 by the USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early reports indicated little damage and no injuries as a result.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The city of Alameda sits on a man-made island surrounded on all sides by water, making it a strong case study for how the Bay Area could address sea level rise. That’s because the city, with its 360-degree waterfront, will need to use every tool available to protect itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000377/for-this-bay-area-island-city-water-is-coming-from-all-sides\">For This Bay Area Island City, Water Is Coming From All Sides\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://donate.kqed.org/radiodrive?ms=P2603WANXXXX06\">Become a KQED member\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, San Francisco-Northern California Local.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC1060829288&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:36] \u003c/em>From KQED, I’m Ericka Cruz Guevara and welcome to the Bay local news to keep you rooted. On the edge of Alameda Beach, small waves crash softly onto this man-made shore. I love this place because it feels like one of the only beaches that actually gets warm here in the Bay Area. And what happens on this beach is going to be important. Alameda is surrounded on all sides by shoreline like this, putting the city at the forefront of sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Danielle Mieler: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:19] \u003c/em>Looking at even one foot of sea level rise, there’s a significant number of homes and businesses that would be inundated and flooded without some kind of shoreline protection measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:31] \u003c/em>All eyes are on Alameda as it works to become one of the first cities in the Bay Area to align with state-led plans to address sea level rise. And experts say Alamed is a strong case study for the rest of the region because it’s the special task of protecting its 360 degree waterfront. Today, how Alameda plans to tackle sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:15] \u003c/em>I knew that Alameda was this island, I wanted to learn more about it, and I knew it had this big flood risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:23] \u003c/em>Ezra David Romero is a climate reporter for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:27] \u003c/em>So I did a tour with their sustainability and resilience manager named Danielle Mieler and Chris May, who is a scientist with Pathways Climate Institute who also lives there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Danielle Mieler: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:39] \u003c/em>We are in Alameda, we’re at the beach, we are right next to a lot of people might know the board sport shop where a lot people go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:47] \u003c/em>And they drove me around the island, showed me all these places that are at risk, and the solutions they want to put into play, and it was a really fun way to get to know Alameda by people who both work there and live there. I know, the pelicans are out. I love the pelican. They’re so big. I know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:09] \u003c/em>I know they actually took you to like a seawall there. What did that look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:15] \u003c/em>It’s this area that has this like really built up kind of beautiful seawall. It looks like a big bunch of cement that’s really high. And then just south of that, there was this like green area with like some wood that was kind of falling apart and Daniel Miller, the sustainability and resilience manager for the city of Alameda was like, yeah, that’s like a hundred year old seawalls that needs to be fixed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Danielle Mieler: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:39] \u003c/em>The water is near the top of it at high tides and king tides. Sometimes it comes over at king tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:45] \u003c/em>There’s houses built right up to the shore and businesses, and then Oakland is just right across that little channel there. It was just a great place for juxtaposition of work they have done and work they need to do. Alameda wasn’t always an island. Like more than a hundred years ago, the leaders of that place decided to like dredge a canal between Oakland and Alameda. And then Bay Farm Island, which is just to the south, which is also part of Alameda, which is not an island at the moment. It used to be. It was like filled in. The state has mandated that every bay area city and coastal city that touches either the coast or the bay come up with like a sea level rise plan. For their jurisdiction. And Alameda was one of the first places that was doing that here in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:38] \u003c/em>This is a city that is surrounded by water. What impact is sea level rise already having on Alameda?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:46] \u003c/em>California has experienced about eight inches of sea level rise over the past century. And as the world continues to warm due to fossil fuel burning, the Bay could rise by about a foot by mid-century, like, you know, that’s 2050, or it could be like two feet to six feet by the end of the century. But Alameda is already impacted by water, right? Whether there’s king tides, you now, that happen a couple times a year, and the normal daily tides that are high and low, those tides are extra high. And when that happens… Water will crash over some shorelines there, it will fill places where people run, it’ll start to erode beaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Danielle Mieler: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:22] \u003c/em>We had quite a bit of flooding, a shoreline drive is kind of the road that’s along the Alameda beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:30] \u003c/em>Danielle said that during this last king tide in January, it filled shoreline drive, it kind of pulled away some sand and it also water was like kind of shooting out of some utility holes as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:42] \u003c/em>And I understand there’s also this issue of rising groundwater in Alameda as well. Can you talk a little bit about that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:50] \u003c/em>Yeah, so if you think about the ocean or the bay, it doesn’t just stop like where the water touches the land, right, like it saturates the soil underneath all the crust of the bay area. And so as the bay rises, as the ocean rises, the idea is that it will slowly push up that shallow groundwater that’s already existing in the soil and in the ground. I was told by a scientist that about 60% of the shallow groundwater in Alameda is already near the surface. And it’s already getting into people’s basements because it’s so shallow. And if you think about like an island, It’s sort of like this sponge right, sitting in a bunch of water. So it makes sense that that sponge will be quite wet if it’s surrounded by water and then it rains. And then during a king tide, there’s extra water. Kris May is a scientist with Pathways Climate Institute. She was telling me on that tour that her house, her basement floods from the inside out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Kris May: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:03] \u003c/em>My house was built in 1908. The basement floor has multiple cracks, so the flooding will come in\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:11] \u003c/em>That there’s these cracks in the basement and that water will come through there and she’s had to install some sump pumps. Those are like pumps that will pump water out and then she puts it into her backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:26] \u003c/em>So it’s like water kind of coming from all over, like the shoreline, but also underneath people’s homes.\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:36] \u003c/em>It’s water from all directions in Alameda, right? We have water from the bay, we have water from the sky, and we have a water from beneath. Alamedia is dealing with water everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:51] \u003c/em>We’ll have more with KQED climate reporter, Ezra David Romero, right after this break. We’ll be right back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:06] \u003c/em>So let’s talk about what Alameda is doing to address this problem. You mentioned they are working on a plan. Tell me a little bit more about that plan and how soon are they supposed to have that done?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:21] \u003c/em>They’ve already done a vulnerability assessment. That’s basically where they say like, these are all the vulnerable parts of the island. We know like this area is low, this area floods, the sand is leaving these beaches. You know, we have this marsh. They already know all that. So this next step of the plan is to create like, how do we fix this or what are the solutions? So what are some of the solutions? Well, they’re considering building seawalls and levees, for example, like on the city’s east side facing Oakland. This is an area where there’s like lots of businesses, there’s harbors, there’s boats, there is houses, there’s, they are thinking about seawall there because it’s built right up to the edge. And there’s places like on the south and the north part of the island where there is marshes or they want to restore that area, you know, to like create these like sponge-like capacity on the island. On the west side, they wanna save the beaches and make that area more of a sponge on the westside, but also figure out how to stop some of the waves from eroding and eroding the island. The solutions are far and wide, and they’re very early on in the process. They signed a letter of intent with the Bay Conservation Development Commission that they are going to do this thing, and now they actually have to develop this adaptation plan. And that plan has to be done by 2028.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:44] \u003c/em>I love the Alameda beach. I feel like it is one of the only warm beaches in the Bay area. And I feel a lot of people in Alamedo, you know, really hold that place close to their heart as well. What do they plan to do about the beach?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:59] \u003c/em>The beach is interesting because it’s human-made. So the sand there is sort of unnatural for that area, even though it’s like something we love. Because if you think of the island, much of it is built on what we call fill. And what that means is like, leaders back in the day put dirt in the area, made the island bigger. And then during high tides or just naturally as the bay, you know, like laps over the shores, it pulls sand away. They already have these big boulders that are like lining the the cliff right there. And that’s because in past years, during like king tides, a lot of that sand got washed away and the bluff was starting to be eroded. And it’s sort of like a midterm kind of solution. So, Daniel said that they would have to study it. They have to figure out Like where’s that sand going? Is there some other way to keep the sand there?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:10:51] \u003c/em>What about these more sort of natural, nature-based solutions? Because I’m actually kind of interested in those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:10:59] \u003c/em>I think the one that like made me smile the most was I went to this like sea level rise fair last fall that they were throwing as like, you know, to get the community involved. And there were all these chickens there like pecking on oysters and things like that. And I was like, what is going on? What’s this about?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jonathan DeLong: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:15] \u003c/em>But for sea level rise, it’s using oyster reefs as a mitigation for storm surge and sea level rises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:23] \u003c/em>Okay, so you guys are experimenting with that? Jonathan DeLong, he’s the executive director of Alameda’s REAP Climate Center, was telling me that they have these chickens there, and what they do is they get oyster shells from restaurants around the Bay Area, they put them in the cage where the chickens are. The chickens come out and they pick off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jonathan DeLong: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:40] \u003c/em>All that leftover protein and the co-benefits is they get some protein and some calcium but they’re really cleaning the shells and getting them ready for the next phase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:48] \u003c/em>And then they put these oyster shells out in the sun for a period of time. After they’re cured for a certain amount of time, they put them in these like bundles and they drop them in the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jonathan DeLong: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:00] \u003c/em>When the shells go back into the bay, we put them where we want to see an oyster reef created and wild oysters smell that calcium from miles away and they come running, but not really because they don’t have legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:11] \u003c/em>They swim over and they like establish themselves and create these reefs and the idea is that by having these oyster reefs of Like natural oysters in the bay. It will like slow the waves that come into the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jonathan DeLong: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:25] \u003c/em>they interrupt wave action, they reduce erosion, and they create a physical barrier for sea level rise. And so it’s not always building a hard physical barrier like a concrete wall. We need adaptive solutions that work with our shorelines and with nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:46] \u003c/em>I mean, it sounds like they’ve got a lot of stuff going on and really, as you were talking about earlier, water coming from everywhere. You have these physical barriers, but also these natural solutions. How much does all of this cost?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:04] \u003c/em>Probably gonna be billions of dollars to fix this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:06] \u003c/em>And where does that money come from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:08] \u003c/em>That’s the big question, where is the money gonna come from? The city is trying to figure out funding, right? They’re trying to get funding from every place possible, where they can, whether that’s state funding through grants or federally or through private dollars. But Daniel Miller says it’s gonna be really tough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Danielle Mieler: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:25] \u003c/em>Just trying to position ourselves as best we can for whatever funding opportunities are available. And I think it’s also going to require some local investment and residents to pitch in and help to fund it, because it is going to be a big cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:45] \u003c/em>I mean, that said, Ezra, it does seem like a really, really, really big task. Like, I can’t imagine having Danielle’s job, to be honest. I mean does anyone look at all this work that needs to be done and think to themselves, like, aren’t we just delaying the inevitable here? I mean we’re talking about an island dealing with sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:10] \u003c/em>Yeah, I mean there are islands in like the South Pacific and places that are, you know, abandoning ships. Alameda might become that place in the future, but I think as of right now, they still see a future on that island, right? And they see ways they can adapt. And this is an island of 80,000 people, right, it’s not like 10,000 or less living on this place, it’s 80,00 people on an island. They see a feature and they’re building a framework so that future can exist. And Daniel Miller talked about this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Danielle Mieler: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:43] \u003c/em>I want this to be a place that people can continue to live and thrive in and enjoy, and that me or anyone here today is going to have the final say on what this island ultimately becomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:55] \u003c/em>So they’re developing this project in stages, right? So like, what can we do now to protect our city, and then let’s lay the framework so like future generations can also decide what they want for their future in Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:15:11] \u003c/em>That’s so interesting, and I guess it makes me wonder, like, what does what’s happening in Alameda right now say about what it is gonna take to tackle sea level rise, not just in Alamita, but in the Bay Area more broadly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:15:27] \u003c/em>All these cities are coming up with ideas around how to protect the shoreline. And it’s sort of this like, how can we all do this together, you know, even though we’re like 30 plus cities, all touching the bay, how can we protect this region together? And there’s a lot of details there they’re going to have to figure out. But I think like the biggest thing we as a Bayer are going to have to have figure out is like what we value and what we want to save. If we value this manmade beach in Alameda and we want to protect that, then we’ll come up with solutions for that. And we’ll decide. For each part of the shoreline, what we value. And so I think that’s what Alameda has to do. I think it’s what San Francisco has to, you know, with like our Embarcadero and they are doing that right now. And every part of this shoreline is gonna have to go through that process of like what we valued and what we wanna save. And then like, what can we do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:15] \u003c/em>Well Ezra, thank you so much for sharing your reporting. I appreciate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ezra David Romero: \u003cem>[00:16:18] \u003c/em>Thanks for having me.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The city of Alameda sits on a man-made island surrounded on all sides by water, making it a strong case study for how the Bay Area could address sea level rise. That’s because the city, with its 360-degree waterfront, will need to use every tool available to protect itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000377/for-this-bay-area-island-city-water-is-coming-from-all-sides\">For This Bay Area Island City, Water Is Coming From All Sides\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://donate.kqed.org/radiodrive?ms=P2603WANXXXX06\">Become a KQED member\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, San Francisco-Northern California Local.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC1060829288&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:36] \u003c/em>From KQED, I’m Ericka Cruz Guevara and welcome to the Bay local news to keep you rooted. On the edge of Alameda Beach, small waves crash softly onto this man-made shore. I love this place because it feels like one of the only beaches that actually gets warm here in the Bay Area. And what happens on this beach is going to be important. Alameda is surrounded on all sides by shoreline like this, putting the city at the forefront of sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Danielle Mieler: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:19] \u003c/em>Looking at even one foot of sea level rise, there’s a significant number of homes and businesses that would be inundated and flooded without some kind of shoreline protection measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:31] \u003c/em>All eyes are on Alameda as it works to become one of the first cities in the Bay Area to align with state-led plans to address sea level rise. And experts say Alamed is a strong case study for the rest of the region because it’s the special task of protecting its 360 degree waterfront. Today, how Alameda plans to tackle sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:15] \u003c/em>I knew that Alameda was this island, I wanted to learn more about it, and I knew it had this big flood risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:23] \u003c/em>Ezra David Romero is a climate reporter for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:27] \u003c/em>So I did a tour with their sustainability and resilience manager named Danielle Mieler and Chris May, who is a scientist with Pathways Climate Institute who also lives there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Danielle Mieler: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:39] \u003c/em>We are in Alameda, we’re at the beach, we are right next to a lot of people might know the board sport shop where a lot people go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:47] \u003c/em>And they drove me around the island, showed me all these places that are at risk, and the solutions they want to put into play, and it was a really fun way to get to know Alameda by people who both work there and live there. I know, the pelicans are out. I love the pelican. They’re so big. I know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:09] \u003c/em>I know they actually took you to like a seawall there. What did that look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:15] \u003c/em>It’s this area that has this like really built up kind of beautiful seawall. It looks like a big bunch of cement that’s really high. And then just south of that, there was this like green area with like some wood that was kind of falling apart and Daniel Miller, the sustainability and resilience manager for the city of Alameda was like, yeah, that’s like a hundred year old seawalls that needs to be fixed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Danielle Mieler: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:39] \u003c/em>The water is near the top of it at high tides and king tides. Sometimes it comes over at king tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:45] \u003c/em>There’s houses built right up to the shore and businesses, and then Oakland is just right across that little channel there. It was just a great place for juxtaposition of work they have done and work they need to do. Alameda wasn’t always an island. Like more than a hundred years ago, the leaders of that place decided to like dredge a canal between Oakland and Alameda. And then Bay Farm Island, which is just to the south, which is also part of Alameda, which is not an island at the moment. It used to be. It was like filled in. The state has mandated that every bay area city and coastal city that touches either the coast or the bay come up with like a sea level rise plan. For their jurisdiction. And Alameda was one of the first places that was doing that here in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:38] \u003c/em>This is a city that is surrounded by water. What impact is sea level rise already having on Alameda?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:46] \u003c/em>California has experienced about eight inches of sea level rise over the past century. And as the world continues to warm due to fossil fuel burning, the Bay could rise by about a foot by mid-century, like, you know, that’s 2050, or it could be like two feet to six feet by the end of the century. But Alameda is already impacted by water, right? Whether there’s king tides, you now, that happen a couple times a year, and the normal daily tides that are high and low, those tides are extra high. And when that happens… Water will crash over some shorelines there, it will fill places where people run, it’ll start to erode beaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Danielle Mieler: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:22] \u003c/em>We had quite a bit of flooding, a shoreline drive is kind of the road that’s along the Alameda beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:30] \u003c/em>Danielle said that during this last king tide in January, it filled shoreline drive, it kind of pulled away some sand and it also water was like kind of shooting out of some utility holes as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:42] \u003c/em>And I understand there’s also this issue of rising groundwater in Alameda as well. Can you talk a little bit about that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:50] \u003c/em>Yeah, so if you think about the ocean or the bay, it doesn’t just stop like where the water touches the land, right, like it saturates the soil underneath all the crust of the bay area. And so as the bay rises, as the ocean rises, the idea is that it will slowly push up that shallow groundwater that’s already existing in the soil and in the ground. I was told by a scientist that about 60% of the shallow groundwater in Alameda is already near the surface. And it’s already getting into people’s basements because it’s so shallow. And if you think about like an island, It’s sort of like this sponge right, sitting in a bunch of water. So it makes sense that that sponge will be quite wet if it’s surrounded by water and then it rains. And then during a king tide, there’s extra water. Kris May is a scientist with Pathways Climate Institute. She was telling me on that tour that her house, her basement floods from the inside out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Kris May: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:03] \u003c/em>My house was built in 1908. The basement floor has multiple cracks, so the flooding will come in\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:11] \u003c/em>That there’s these cracks in the basement and that water will come through there and she’s had to install some sump pumps. Those are like pumps that will pump water out and then she puts it into her backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:26] \u003c/em>So it’s like water kind of coming from all over, like the shoreline, but also underneath people’s homes.\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:36] \u003c/em>It’s water from all directions in Alameda, right? We have water from the bay, we have water from the sky, and we have a water from beneath. Alamedia is dealing with water everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:51] \u003c/em>We’ll have more with KQED climate reporter, Ezra David Romero, right after this break. We’ll be right back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:06] \u003c/em>So let’s talk about what Alameda is doing to address this problem. You mentioned they are working on a plan. Tell me a little bit more about that plan and how soon are they supposed to have that done?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:21] \u003c/em>They’ve already done a vulnerability assessment. That’s basically where they say like, these are all the vulnerable parts of the island. We know like this area is low, this area floods, the sand is leaving these beaches. You know, we have this marsh. They already know all that. So this next step of the plan is to create like, how do we fix this or what are the solutions? So what are some of the solutions? Well, they’re considering building seawalls and levees, for example, like on the city’s east side facing Oakland. This is an area where there’s like lots of businesses, there’s harbors, there’s boats, there is houses, there’s, they are thinking about seawall there because it’s built right up to the edge. And there’s places like on the south and the north part of the island where there is marshes or they want to restore that area, you know, to like create these like sponge-like capacity on the island. On the west side, they wanna save the beaches and make that area more of a sponge on the westside, but also figure out how to stop some of the waves from eroding and eroding the island. The solutions are far and wide, and they’re very early on in the process. They signed a letter of intent with the Bay Conservation Development Commission that they are going to do this thing, and now they actually have to develop this adaptation plan. And that plan has to be done by 2028.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:44] \u003c/em>I love the Alameda beach. I feel like it is one of the only warm beaches in the Bay area. And I feel a lot of people in Alamedo, you know, really hold that place close to their heart as well. What do they plan to do about the beach?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:59] \u003c/em>The beach is interesting because it’s human-made. So the sand there is sort of unnatural for that area, even though it’s like something we love. Because if you think of the island, much of it is built on what we call fill. And what that means is like, leaders back in the day put dirt in the area, made the island bigger. And then during high tides or just naturally as the bay, you know, like laps over the shores, it pulls sand away. They already have these big boulders that are like lining the the cliff right there. And that’s because in past years, during like king tides, a lot of that sand got washed away and the bluff was starting to be eroded. And it’s sort of like a midterm kind of solution. So, Daniel said that they would have to study it. They have to figure out Like where’s that sand going? Is there some other way to keep the sand there?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:10:51] \u003c/em>What about these more sort of natural, nature-based solutions? Because I’m actually kind of interested in those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:10:59] \u003c/em>I think the one that like made me smile the most was I went to this like sea level rise fair last fall that they were throwing as like, you know, to get the community involved. And there were all these chickens there like pecking on oysters and things like that. And I was like, what is going on? What’s this about?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jonathan DeLong: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:15] \u003c/em>But for sea level rise, it’s using oyster reefs as a mitigation for storm surge and sea level rises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:23] \u003c/em>Okay, so you guys are experimenting with that? Jonathan DeLong, he’s the executive director of Alameda’s REAP Climate Center, was telling me that they have these chickens there, and what they do is they get oyster shells from restaurants around the Bay Area, they put them in the cage where the chickens are. The chickens come out and they pick off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jonathan DeLong: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:40] \u003c/em>All that leftover protein and the co-benefits is they get some protein and some calcium but they’re really cleaning the shells and getting them ready for the next phase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:11:48] \u003c/em>And then they put these oyster shells out in the sun for a period of time. After they’re cured for a certain amount of time, they put them in these like bundles and they drop them in the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jonathan DeLong: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:00] \u003c/em>When the shells go back into the bay, we put them where we want to see an oyster reef created and wild oysters smell that calcium from miles away and they come running, but not really because they don’t have legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:11] \u003c/em>They swim over and they like establish themselves and create these reefs and the idea is that by having these oyster reefs of Like natural oysters in the bay. It will like slow the waves that come into the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jonathan DeLong: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:25] \u003c/em>they interrupt wave action, they reduce erosion, and they create a physical barrier for sea level rise. And so it’s not always building a hard physical barrier like a concrete wall. We need adaptive solutions that work with our shorelines and with nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:12:46] \u003c/em>I mean, it sounds like they’ve got a lot of stuff going on and really, as you were talking about earlier, water coming from everywhere. You have these physical barriers, but also these natural solutions. How much does all of this cost?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:04] \u003c/em>Probably gonna be billions of dollars to fix this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:06] \u003c/em>And where does that money come from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:08] \u003c/em>That’s the big question, where is the money gonna come from? The city is trying to figure out funding, right? They’re trying to get funding from every place possible, where they can, whether that’s state funding through grants or federally or through private dollars. But Daniel Miller says it’s gonna be really tough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Danielle Mieler: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:25] \u003c/em>Just trying to position ourselves as best we can for whatever funding opportunities are available. And I think it’s also going to require some local investment and residents to pitch in and help to fund it, because it is going to be a big cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:13:45] \u003c/em>I mean, that said, Ezra, it does seem like a really, really, really big task. Like, I can’t imagine having Danielle’s job, to be honest. I mean does anyone look at all this work that needs to be done and think to themselves, like, aren’t we just delaying the inevitable here? I mean we’re talking about an island dealing with sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:10] \u003c/em>Yeah, I mean there are islands in like the South Pacific and places that are, you know, abandoning ships. Alameda might become that place in the future, but I think as of right now, they still see a future on that island, right? And they see ways they can adapt. And this is an island of 80,000 people, right, it’s not like 10,000 or less living on this place, it’s 80,00 people on an island. They see a feature and they’re building a framework so that future can exist. And Daniel Miller talked about this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Danielle Mieler: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:43] \u003c/em>I want this to be a place that people can continue to live and thrive in and enjoy, and that me or anyone here today is going to have the final say on what this island ultimately becomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:14:55] \u003c/em>So they’re developing this project in stages, right? So like, what can we do now to protect our city, and then let’s lay the framework so like future generations can also decide what they want for their future in Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:15:11] \u003c/em>That’s so interesting, and I guess it makes me wonder, like, what does what’s happening in Alameda right now say about what it is gonna take to tackle sea level rise, not just in Alamita, but in the Bay Area more broadly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:15:27] \u003c/em>All these cities are coming up with ideas around how to protect the shoreline. And it’s sort of this like, how can we all do this together, you know, even though we’re like 30 plus cities, all touching the bay, how can we protect this region together? And there’s a lot of details there they’re going to have to figure out. But I think like the biggest thing we as a Bayer are going to have to have figure out is like what we value and what we want to save. If we value this manmade beach in Alameda and we want to protect that, then we’ll come up with solutions for that. And we’ll decide. For each part of the shoreline, what we value. And so I think that’s what Alameda has to do. I think it’s what San Francisco has to, you know, with like our Embarcadero and they are doing that right now. And every part of this shoreline is gonna have to go through that process of like what we valued and what we wanna save. And then like, what can we do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:16:15] \u003c/em>Well Ezra, thank you so much for sharing your reporting. I appreciate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ezra David Romero: \u003cem>[00:16:18] \u003c/em>Thanks for having me.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Cold Weather Is Back in the Bay Area and Tahoe. Here’s What the Storms Could Bring",
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"headTitle": "Cold Weather Is Back in the Bay Area and Tahoe. Here’s What the Storms Could Bring | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The early-season \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000445/yikes-bay-area-heat-lingers-sierra-nevada-snowpack-melting-fast\">summer-time temperatures\u003c/a> that baked the Bay Area and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000372/snow-eater-heat-wave-behind-big-sierra-melt-is-a-look-at-our-climate-future\">rapidly melted the Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a> are coming to an end this week — but only for a couple of days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Weather Service forecasters said two back-to-back storms this week will wet the state and push out the ridge of high pressure that created the recent heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That period broke the all-time March high-temperature records at every major Bay Area climate station, and saw Lake Tahoe also get its warmest March day on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like we barely beat the records, either — we really shattered the records,” said Dylan Flynn, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This two-week run of warm temperatures caused Bay Area residents to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12076391/best-beaches-near-san-francisco-bay-area-weather-heat-wave-how-to-check-tides-wind\">flock to local beaches\u003c/a> or travel to the Sierra for the chance to ski in shorts. However, the exceptionally hot and dry March spelled the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077367/tahoe-ski-resorts-closing-dates-2026-heavenly-palisades-homewood-closed-weather-snow-forecast-storms\">end of the ski season for many Tahoe resorts, w\u003c/a>hich have since closed\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077367/tahoe-ski-resorts-closing-dates-2026-heavenly-palisades-homewood-closed-weather-snow-forecast-storms\">.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12063989\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12063989\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251113-RAIN-FILE-MD-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251113-RAIN-FILE-MD-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251113-RAIN-FILE-MD-04-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251113-RAIN-FILE-MD-04-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A person waits to cross the street in the Fruitvale neighborhood of Oakland on Nov. 13, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But for the resorts that remain open, it ain’t over yet. With rain and snow in the forecast this week, incoming cooler weather could give diehard skiers one last chance to hit fresh powder this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can never count on winter to be done in the High Sierra,” said Carly Mangan, spokesperson for Vail Resorts in Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for what we know about this week’s weather change, and what anyone contemplating heading to the Sierra for one last ride should know.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s the weather forecast for the Bay Area this week?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Flynn said the Bay Area cooldown will begin Monday, with a first storm from the tropics that could bring a chance of “novelty drops” of rain across the region through Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the second storm, a cold system dipping down from the Pacific Northwest on Wednesday and Thursday, is the region’s “best chance for rain,” Flynn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077403\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077403\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeSnowGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeSnowGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeSnowGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeSnowGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ski area at Homewood has closed due to poor snow conditions as viewed on April 14, 2021, in Homewood, California. \u003ccite>(George Rose/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As much as a quarter inch of rain could fall across the Bay Area, which Flynn said is important owing to the fact that it’s been “one of the driest Marches on record, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact, in San Francisco, it’s the driest March in over 100 years,” he noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flynn said most of the rain will be “focused south of the Golden Gate Bridge” across the Peninsula, the East Bay and the Central Coast. \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/product.php?format=ci&glossary=1&issuedby=mtr&product=afd&site=mtr&version=1\">Read the full forecast from the NWS’s Bay Area office. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>After this week’s rain, what can we expect in the Bay for early April?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The cooldown is only temporary, Flynn said. This weekend, as a new ridge of high pressure builds over the region, temperatures will spike back into the 80s in inland areas and into the 70s along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, after the next three days, the sun comes back out, and it gets hot again,” Flynn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flynn expects temperatures to continue to be warm into early next week, but said “there’s a lot of uncertainty” over what the weather will be like after Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I can say is after this cool stretch, we go right back above normal temperatures,” Flynn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What kind of snow will Tahoe see this week?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>By the end of Thursday, this week’s storms could drop as much as a foot or more of snow on the height of the Sierra Nevada, said Gigi Giralte, a meteorologist with the NWS’s Reno office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new snow is a big deal for the state’s dwindling snowpack, which as of Monday sat at a meager \u003ca href=\"https://snow.water.ca.gov/\">18% of the April 1\u003c/a> average. But Giralte warned that the snow may have trouble sticking to the ground because of the recent warmth and lack of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSSacramento/status/2038685187270169013\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the storms end, Giralte expects the snowpack to “be about the same, because we’re not getting feet and feet of snow” this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would need a much more significant storm to greatly impact the snowpack that we currently have,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since temperatures are forecast to warm up after Thursday into the low 60s in the Tahoe area, Giralte said anyone heading up to the area should still “definitely expect spring skiing” conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People traveling to the region can expect \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/NWSSacramento/status/2038685187270169013/photo/2\">minor snow impacts\u003c/a>, “but it’s still going to be a switch-up from the warm and dry weather we’ve been experiencing for most of March,” said Kate Forrest, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Sacramento office.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What do Tahoe ski resorts expect, and is it worth it to go up from the Bay this weekend?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For many Tahoe resorts whose lifts have already \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077367/tahoe-ski-resorts-closing-dates-2026-heavenly-palisades-homewood-closed-weather-snow-forecast-storms\">stopped spinning for the season\u003c/a>, this storm is too little, too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some Tahoe ski areas are still open — and are embracing this April storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes the three Vail-owned resorts in Tahoe: Kirkwood, Heavenly and Northstar. Spokesperson Mangan said they’re hoping for significant snowfall this week — up to 18 inches according to Monday’s projections — especially at Kirkwood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071091\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12071091 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GettyImages-2253947921-scaled-e1769466571155.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professional skier Molly Armanino lands Dan’s Cliff at Kirkwood Ski Resort in Kirkwood, California, on Jan. 3, 2026. \u003ccite>(Brontë Wittpenn/San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Kirkwood does kind of seem like right now in the eye of the storm,” Mangan said on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palisades Tahoe’s Olympic Valley side is also still open. OpenSnow forecaster Bryan Allegretto \u003ca href=\"https://blog.palisadestahoe.com/weather/rain-snow-with-mountain-accumulations/\">wrote on the Palisades Tahoe blog\u003c/a> that the resort is expecting snow to start early Tuesday morning and to last through Thursday. But he said it’s still unclear whether the heaviest snowfall will head north or south.[aside postID=news_12075796 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/GettyImages-1262723899.jpg']At present, Allegretto predicts high temperatures in the 30s up on the mountain, with ridgetop winds up to 50 miles per hour to start — increasing to up to 100 miles per hour overnight on Wednesday, which could affect lift operations on Wednesday or Thursday. Allegretto expects up to 16 inches of snow at the Palisades’ highest elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps more importantly, Mangan said, are the cold temperatures the region is expecting overnight this week, which could not only help slow snowmelt and assist resort operations in grooming more terrain, but also produce loose, soft “corn” snow, which is a springtime Tahoe staple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any of that is just going to help immensely at this time in the season for us to get through to our closing days,” she said. “We’ll take anything we can get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Northstar is slated to close after Sunday, Heavenly and Kirkwood are aiming for an April 19 closing date, Mangan said. And while she doesn’t expect this storm to open a bunch of new terrain in the mountains, this week’s storm could help keep the season alive until then, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What should skiers and snowboarders know about conditions right now?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The sun may return this weekend, Allegretto said, bringing highs in the 60s at the village in Olympic Valley and in the 40s up top at Palisades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “given that we are seeing low coverage across different areas on all of our resorts in the Tahoe region,” Mangan warned that anyone skiing this weekend should “be aware of the potential for \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/kirkwood/comments/1s7u04a/psa_for_anyone_coming_next_weekend/?share_id=YCA72Zd-_0_IkERkwh3_a&utm_content=1&utm_medium=ios_app&utm_name=ioscss&utm_source=share&utm_term=1\">unmarked hazards\u003c/a> hidden just below the snow,” concealed by the injection of fresh powder. She advised skiing with caution and within one’s ability level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077406\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12077406 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snow and trees along Lake Tahoe on Dec. 31, 2025, in Glenbrook, Nevada. Lake Tahoe is the largest alpine lake in North America, straddling the border between California and Nevada. \u003ccite>(Al Drago/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Heavenly and Northstar’s lower mountains are closed, they benefit from gondolas to bring skiers to the upper mountains, terrain which Mangan said is “ holding up really well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirkwood, meanwhile, has a higher base level, so it’s still open from top to bottom with 60% of terrain open — but nonetheless, “it’s melting out fast,” Mangan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you want to get “that one last hurrah” for the season, you may be able to get it this weekend, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody loves a little April powder,” Mangan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Beyond this week, is there any more snow in the long-range forecast?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The simple answer is not really, Giralte said — but it has “snowed in May before, so it’s not out of the question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Climate Prediction Center’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/814day/\">8-to-14-day outlook\u003c/a> shows California and most of Nevada will likely experience above-normal temperatures and below-average precipitation for around the first two weeks of April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the long range, we don’t really see some snow coming as high pressure sets back and lingers,” Giralte said, “which will help bring those temperatures back up and dry us out again, like we saw last week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The early-season \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000445/yikes-bay-area-heat-lingers-sierra-nevada-snowpack-melting-fast\">summer-time temperatures\u003c/a> that baked the Bay Area and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000372/snow-eater-heat-wave-behind-big-sierra-melt-is-a-look-at-our-climate-future\">rapidly melted the Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a> are coming to an end this week — but only for a couple of days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Weather Service forecasters said two back-to-back storms this week will wet the state and push out the ridge of high pressure that created the recent heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That period broke the all-time March high-temperature records at every major Bay Area climate station, and saw Lake Tahoe also get its warmest March day on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like we barely beat the records, either — we really shattered the records,” said Dylan Flynn, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This two-week run of warm temperatures caused Bay Area residents to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12076391/best-beaches-near-san-francisco-bay-area-weather-heat-wave-how-to-check-tides-wind\">flock to local beaches\u003c/a> or travel to the Sierra for the chance to ski in shorts. However, the exceptionally hot and dry March spelled the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077367/tahoe-ski-resorts-closing-dates-2026-heavenly-palisades-homewood-closed-weather-snow-forecast-storms\">end of the ski season for many Tahoe resorts, w\u003c/a>hich have since closed\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077367/tahoe-ski-resorts-closing-dates-2026-heavenly-palisades-homewood-closed-weather-snow-forecast-storms\">.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12063989\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12063989\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251113-RAIN-FILE-MD-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251113-RAIN-FILE-MD-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251113-RAIN-FILE-MD-04-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251113-RAIN-FILE-MD-04-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A person waits to cross the street in the Fruitvale neighborhood of Oakland on Nov. 13, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But for the resorts that remain open, it ain’t over yet. With rain and snow in the forecast this week, incoming cooler weather could give diehard skiers one last chance to hit fresh powder this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can never count on winter to be done in the High Sierra,” said Carly Mangan, spokesperson for Vail Resorts in Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for what we know about this week’s weather change, and what anyone contemplating heading to the Sierra for one last ride should know.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s the weather forecast for the Bay Area this week?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Flynn said the Bay Area cooldown will begin Monday, with a first storm from the tropics that could bring a chance of “novelty drops” of rain across the region through Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the second storm, a cold system dipping down from the Pacific Northwest on Wednesday and Thursday, is the region’s “best chance for rain,” Flynn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077403\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077403\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeSnowGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeSnowGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeSnowGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeSnowGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ski area at Homewood has closed due to poor snow conditions as viewed on April 14, 2021, in Homewood, California. \u003ccite>(George Rose/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As much as a quarter inch of rain could fall across the Bay Area, which Flynn said is important owing to the fact that it’s been “one of the driest Marches on record, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact, in San Francisco, it’s the driest March in over 100 years,” he noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flynn said most of the rain will be “focused south of the Golden Gate Bridge” across the Peninsula, the East Bay and the Central Coast. \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/product.php?format=ci&glossary=1&issuedby=mtr&product=afd&site=mtr&version=1\">Read the full forecast from the NWS’s Bay Area office. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>After this week’s rain, what can we expect in the Bay for early April?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The cooldown is only temporary, Flynn said. This weekend, as a new ridge of high pressure builds over the region, temperatures will spike back into the 80s in inland areas and into the 70s along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, after the next three days, the sun comes back out, and it gets hot again,” Flynn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flynn expects temperatures to continue to be warm into early next week, but said “there’s a lot of uncertainty” over what the weather will be like after Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I can say is after this cool stretch, we go right back above normal temperatures,” Flynn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What kind of snow will Tahoe see this week?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>By the end of Thursday, this week’s storms could drop as much as a foot or more of snow on the height of the Sierra Nevada, said Gigi Giralte, a meteorologist with the NWS’s Reno office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new snow is a big deal for the state’s dwindling snowpack, which as of Monday sat at a meager \u003ca href=\"https://snow.water.ca.gov/\">18% of the April 1\u003c/a> average. But Giralte warned that the snow may have trouble sticking to the ground because of the recent warmth and lack of snow.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>After the storms end, Giralte expects the snowpack to “be about the same, because we’re not getting feet and feet of snow” this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would need a much more significant storm to greatly impact the snowpack that we currently have,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since temperatures are forecast to warm up after Thursday into the low 60s in the Tahoe area, Giralte said anyone heading up to the area should still “definitely expect spring skiing” conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People traveling to the region can expect \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/NWSSacramento/status/2038685187270169013/photo/2\">minor snow impacts\u003c/a>, “but it’s still going to be a switch-up from the warm and dry weather we’ve been experiencing for most of March,” said Kate Forrest, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Sacramento office.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What do Tahoe ski resorts expect, and is it worth it to go up from the Bay this weekend?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For many Tahoe resorts whose lifts have already \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077367/tahoe-ski-resorts-closing-dates-2026-heavenly-palisades-homewood-closed-weather-snow-forecast-storms\">stopped spinning for the season\u003c/a>, this storm is too little, too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some Tahoe ski areas are still open — and are embracing this April storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes the three Vail-owned resorts in Tahoe: Kirkwood, Heavenly and Northstar. Spokesperson Mangan said they’re hoping for significant snowfall this week — up to 18 inches according to Monday’s projections — especially at Kirkwood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071091\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12071091 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GettyImages-2253947921-scaled-e1769466571155.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professional skier Molly Armanino lands Dan’s Cliff at Kirkwood Ski Resort in Kirkwood, California, on Jan. 3, 2026. \u003ccite>(Brontë Wittpenn/San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Kirkwood does kind of seem like right now in the eye of the storm,” Mangan said on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palisades Tahoe’s Olympic Valley side is also still open. OpenSnow forecaster Bryan Allegretto \u003ca href=\"https://blog.palisadestahoe.com/weather/rain-snow-with-mountain-accumulations/\">wrote on the Palisades Tahoe blog\u003c/a> that the resort is expecting snow to start early Tuesday morning and to last through Thursday. But he said it’s still unclear whether the heaviest snowfall will head north or south.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At present, Allegretto predicts high temperatures in the 30s up on the mountain, with ridgetop winds up to 50 miles per hour to start — increasing to up to 100 miles per hour overnight on Wednesday, which could affect lift operations on Wednesday or Thursday. Allegretto expects up to 16 inches of snow at the Palisades’ highest elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps more importantly, Mangan said, are the cold temperatures the region is expecting overnight this week, which could not only help slow snowmelt and assist resort operations in grooming more terrain, but also produce loose, soft “corn” snow, which is a springtime Tahoe staple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any of that is just going to help immensely at this time in the season for us to get through to our closing days,” she said. “We’ll take anything we can get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Northstar is slated to close after Sunday, Heavenly and Kirkwood are aiming for an April 19 closing date, Mangan said. And while she doesn’t expect this storm to open a bunch of new terrain in the mountains, this week’s storm could help keep the season alive until then, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What should skiers and snowboarders know about conditions right now?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The sun may return this weekend, Allegretto said, bringing highs in the 60s at the village in Olympic Valley and in the 40s up top at Palisades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “given that we are seeing low coverage across different areas on all of our resorts in the Tahoe region,” Mangan warned that anyone skiing this weekend should “be aware of the potential for \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/kirkwood/comments/1s7u04a/psa_for_anyone_coming_next_weekend/?share_id=YCA72Zd-_0_IkERkwh3_a&utm_content=1&utm_medium=ios_app&utm_name=ioscss&utm_source=share&utm_term=1\">unmarked hazards\u003c/a> hidden just below the snow,” concealed by the injection of fresh powder. She advised skiing with caution and within one’s ability level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077406\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12077406 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snow and trees along Lake Tahoe on Dec. 31, 2025, in Glenbrook, Nevada. Lake Tahoe is the largest alpine lake in North America, straddling the border between California and Nevada. \u003ccite>(Al Drago/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Heavenly and Northstar’s lower mountains are closed, they benefit from gondolas to bring skiers to the upper mountains, terrain which Mangan said is “ holding up really well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirkwood, meanwhile, has a higher base level, so it’s still open from top to bottom with 60% of terrain open — but nonetheless, “it’s melting out fast,” Mangan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you want to get “that one last hurrah” for the season, you may be able to get it this weekend, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody loves a little April powder,” Mangan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Beyond this week, is there any more snow in the long-range forecast?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The simple answer is not really, Giralte said — but it has “snowed in May before, so it’s not out of the question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Climate Prediction Center’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/814day/\">8-to-14-day outlook\u003c/a> shows California and most of Nevada will likely experience above-normal temperatures and below-average precipitation for around the first two weeks of April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the long range, we don’t really see some snow coming as high pressure sets back and lingers,” Giralte said, “which will help bring those temperatures back up and dry us out again, like we saw last week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Many Tahoe Ski Resorts Just Closed Early. What Happened to the Season?",
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"headTitle": "Many Tahoe Ski Resorts Just Closed Early. What Happened to the Season? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s been a rough winter for Tahoe-area skiers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An early, record-breaking spring \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000348/heat-wave-will-blast-more-bay-area-temperature-records-friday\">heat wave\u003c/a> — and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000372/snow-eater-heat-wave-behind-big-sierra-melt-is-a-look-at-our-climate-future\">rapidly melting snowpack \u003c/a>as a result — have prematurely closed many Tahoe ski resorts, and caused others to announce early end dates for the 2025-26 season. On Tuesday, California’s largest ski resort Palisades joined the list, \u003ca href=\"https://blog.palisadestahoe.com/operations/march-24-operations-update/?_gl=1*1cf2u2z*_gcl_au*MTg5ODM5Mzg3OC4xNzc0MDQ0ODcy*_ga*MTU1OTc4NzEwNS4xNzc0MDQ0ODcy*_ga_GTTH59TYTP*czE3NzQzODczMDQkbzIkZzEkdDE3NzQzODg1ODMkajU2JGwwJGgw*_ga_XD955YZFMQ*czE3NzQzODczMDQkbzIkZzEkdDE3NzQzODg1ODMkajU2JGwwJGgw\">announcing\u003c/a> the location’s plans to close ahead of schedule in late April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This state of affairs is even more pronounced after the relatively wet start to the season, with heavy precipitation in November, a big snowstorm over the Christmas and New Year’s holiday and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12073593/heavy-rain-and-snow-shut-down-roads-across-bay-area-and-sierra-nevada\">record-setting dump of snow in mid-February. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a severe dry spell early in the year, and then a second one in March — with temperatures running 9 degrees above average — has ultimately sealed the deal for many resorts, said Bryan Allegretto, California forecaster for \u003ca href=\"https://opensnow.com/dailysnow/tahoe\">OpenSnow.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That snow has melted at a record pace here in the month of March,” he said. “So that is really what is shutting everyone down early.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about which Tahoe ski resorts are still open, which locations are now closed and what this season’s quick end could spell for the future of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#WhatTahoeareaskiresortsarestillopen\">What Tahoe-area ski resorts are still open?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#Isthereanymoresnowintheforecast\">Is there any more snow in the forecast?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#WhatdoesthismeanforthefutureofskiinginTahoe\">What does this mean for the future of skiing in Tahoe?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"WhatTahoeareaskiresortsarestillopen\">\u003c/a>Which Tahoe ski resorts are closed already?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Among the resorts that have already closed are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Sierra-at-Tahoe\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tahoe Donner\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Homewood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Dodge Ridge\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Mount Shasta.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Closing this weekend is Diamond Peak and Bear Valley has closed temporarily to preserve its snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These resorts represent about half the ski areas in the Northern Sierra, Allegretto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077406\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077406\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snow and trees along Lake Tahoe on Dec. 31, 2025, in Glenbrook, Nevada. Lake Tahoe is the largest alpine lake in North America, straddling the border between California and Nevada. \u003ccite>(Al Drago/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other half are trying to stretch their seasons until mid-April, like:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Sugar Bowl (current closing date April 12)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Northstar (current closing date April 12)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Mount Rose (current closing date April 26)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Boreal (current closing date April 19)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>June Mountain (current closing date April 12)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kirkwood (current closing date April 19)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Heavenly current closing date (April 21)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Like Mammoth, Palisades Tahoe was originally hoping to extend its season as late as Memorial Day on May 25. But on Tuesday the resort announced that it was “targeting late April” for early closure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These resorts are looking ahead to colder temperatures in the next week or two and even hoping for a final dusting of snow around March 31, but it’s far from guaranteed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000445/yikes-bay-area-heat-lingers-sierra-nevada-snowpack-melting-fast\">snowpack “has crashed,”\u003c/a> Allegretto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The snowpack, which peaked at 75% of average just four weeks ago, has crashed down to 15%,” he said. “We’ve lost 60% of the median in just four weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why can’t ski resorts just make more snow?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Much of the resorts’ own snowmaking happens at the beginning of the season, Allegretto said — when snow machines that blow very dense, low snow to create a base that freezes solid and slowly melts all spring long.[aside postID=science_2000372 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Skier_Tahoe_OAP_1923-1440x1080.jpeg']But many of the resorts weren’t able to establish a very big base before the storm at the end of December, noted Allegretto, because it simply wasn’t cold enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And once that natural snow fell on top during the Christmas period, he said, it was at risk of melting away faster without a strong base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cole Zimmerman, spokesperson for Vail Resorts — which includes Heavenly, Northstar and Kirkwood — said that despite Heavenly’s best efforts, “it hasn’t been easy. We’re getting scrappy,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Lake Tahoe resort has hundreds of snowmaking guns, he said, but this machinery is dependent on the temperature and the humidity — meaning they can only be run when it’s cold enough for the water and compressed air to freeze into snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, snowmaking is only possible at high-elevation areas of a ski resort, which is why much of the lower resort areas are looking particularly bald at the moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do ski resorts decide when to close?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With temperatures high all month long, Andy Buckley, general manager at Homewood, said his resort made the tough call to close in mid-March based on guest safety. Even as their higher-elevation skiing remained good, he said, not enough snow at the base of the mountain was raising safety concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking at the ability for our patrol team to be able to egress in the event of an emergency to bring people down should they need to,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018143\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of Heavenly gondola of Heavenly ski resort in South Lake Tahoe, California, on Jan. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Heavenly, by contrast, can stay open a few more weeks because its gondola can bring skiers up to 9,000 feet and back down \u003cem>without \u003c/em>needing snow at the base of the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homewood is planning to \u003ca href=\"https://skihomewood.com/gondola/\">install its own gondola this year,\u003c/a> Buckley said, and is exploring some other technologies on the horizon out of Europe that may help elongate the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these efforts are expensive — and could potentially mean resorts further raise the price of tickets and season passes for visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This industry tends to be a capital carnivore,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"Isthereanymoresnowintheforecast\">\u003c/a>Is there \u003cem>any\u003c/em> more snow in the Tahoe forecast?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the sunny weather is set to continue through the weekend, Allegretto’s forecast on Tuesday reported that cold temperatures should start to roll in early next week, and “significant snowfall is possible on the mountains” between March 31 and April 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are gonna get colder next week — we may even see some measurable snowfall,” Allegretto said. “So that’ll rapidly decrease the melting and may even start adding back some snow from a storm or two the first week of April.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Allegretto said it’s not typical to have giant dumps in April, so it’s unlikely that the snow will come in the magnitude of feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “it will definitely slow down the melting and help extend the seasons if [resorts] are trying to make it to the middle of April,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"WhatdoesthismeanforthefutureofskiinginTahoe\">\u003c/a>Is Tahoe’s dismal snow season the new normal?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the last 10 years, Tahoe has seen its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/611159/california-may-be-in-for-greater-weather-extremes\">lowest snowfall year on record\u003c/a> and its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984385/californias-2023-snow-deluge-was-a-freak-event-study-says\">highest snowfall year on record\u003c/a>, Allegretto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing more variability, and we’re seeing slowly warming temperatures,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s hard to see those swings in the data, Allegretto said, because “the big snow years are offsetting the low snow years. The 10-year average for snowfall is higher than the 50-year average,” despite global warming, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12075347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12075347\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/251209-SNOWY-TAHOE-CS-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/251209-SNOWY-TAHOE-CS-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/251209-SNOWY-TAHOE-CS-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/251209-SNOWY-TAHOE-CS-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kings Beach on the north shore of Lake Tahoe in 2022. \u003ccite>(Carly Severn/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“But the average doesn’t matter when there’s a 9-degree above-average March,” melting away all the big storms we got this year, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley said Homewood — which is at a lower elevation right by the lake — struggled to retain any snow it received this season. Each storm came just in time to rescue their base, but the last big one in February was followed by rain, which washed away almost all they had gained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is affecting not just on the resorts’ bottom lines, Buckley said, but on the entire area’s industry, whose restaurants, hotels and other service-oriented businesses often rely on ski tourism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a very unusual anomaly,” he said. “It is tense and tough for the people working in the industry and tough on the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this year’s conditions, snowmaking technology \u003cem>is \u003c/em>getting better and more possible in warmer temperatures, Allegretto said — creating more potential opportunities for skiing even in record-breaking heat years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vail spokesperson Zimmerman said the key is to “be flexible” and “prepare ourselves for whatever Mother Nature may or may not bring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s been a rough winter for Tahoe-area skiers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An early, record-breaking spring \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000348/heat-wave-will-blast-more-bay-area-temperature-records-friday\">heat wave\u003c/a> — and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000372/snow-eater-heat-wave-behind-big-sierra-melt-is-a-look-at-our-climate-future\">rapidly melting snowpack \u003c/a>as a result — have prematurely closed many Tahoe ski resorts, and caused others to announce early end dates for the 2025-26 season. On Tuesday, California’s largest ski resort Palisades joined the list, \u003ca href=\"https://blog.palisadestahoe.com/operations/march-24-operations-update/?_gl=1*1cf2u2z*_gcl_au*MTg5ODM5Mzg3OC4xNzc0MDQ0ODcy*_ga*MTU1OTc4NzEwNS4xNzc0MDQ0ODcy*_ga_GTTH59TYTP*czE3NzQzODczMDQkbzIkZzEkdDE3NzQzODg1ODMkajU2JGwwJGgw*_ga_XD955YZFMQ*czE3NzQzODczMDQkbzIkZzEkdDE3NzQzODg1ODMkajU2JGwwJGgw\">announcing\u003c/a> the location’s plans to close ahead of schedule in late April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This state of affairs is even more pronounced after the relatively wet start to the season, with heavy precipitation in November, a big snowstorm over the Christmas and New Year’s holiday and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12073593/heavy-rain-and-snow-shut-down-roads-across-bay-area-and-sierra-nevada\">record-setting dump of snow in mid-February. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a severe dry spell early in the year, and then a second one in March — with temperatures running 9 degrees above average — has ultimately sealed the deal for many resorts, said Bryan Allegretto, California forecaster for \u003ca href=\"https://opensnow.com/dailysnow/tahoe\">OpenSnow.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That snow has melted at a record pace here in the month of March,” he said. “So that is really what is shutting everyone down early.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about which Tahoe ski resorts are still open, which locations are now closed and what this season’s quick end could spell for the future of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#WhatTahoeareaskiresortsarestillopen\">What Tahoe-area ski resorts are still open?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#Isthereanymoresnowintheforecast\">Is there any more snow in the forecast?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#WhatdoesthismeanforthefutureofskiinginTahoe\">What does this mean for the future of skiing in Tahoe?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"WhatTahoeareaskiresortsarestillopen\">\u003c/a>Which Tahoe ski resorts are closed already?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Among the resorts that have already closed are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Sierra-at-Tahoe\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tahoe Donner\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Homewood\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Dodge Ridge\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Mount Shasta.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Closing this weekend is Diamond Peak and Bear Valley has closed temporarily to preserve its snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These resorts represent about half the ski areas in the Northern Sierra, Allegretto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077406\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077406\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/TahoeGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snow and trees along Lake Tahoe on Dec. 31, 2025, in Glenbrook, Nevada. Lake Tahoe is the largest alpine lake in North America, straddling the border between California and Nevada. \u003ccite>(Al Drago/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other half are trying to stretch their seasons until mid-April, like:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Sugar Bowl (current closing date April 12)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Northstar (current closing date April 12)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Mount Rose (current closing date April 26)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Boreal (current closing date April 19)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>June Mountain (current closing date April 12)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kirkwood (current closing date April 19)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Heavenly current closing date (April 21)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Like Mammoth, Palisades Tahoe was originally hoping to extend its season as late as Memorial Day on May 25. But on Tuesday the resort announced that it was “targeting late April” for early closure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These resorts are looking ahead to colder temperatures in the next week or two and even hoping for a final dusting of snow around March 31, but it’s far from guaranteed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2000445/yikes-bay-area-heat-lingers-sierra-nevada-snowpack-melting-fast\">snowpack “has crashed,”\u003c/a> Allegretto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The snowpack, which peaked at 75% of average just four weeks ago, has crashed down to 15%,” he said. “We’ve lost 60% of the median in just four weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why can’t ski resorts just make more snow?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Much of the resorts’ own snowmaking happens at the beginning of the season, Allegretto said — when snow machines that blow very dense, low snow to create a base that freezes solid and slowly melts all spring long.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But many of the resorts weren’t able to establish a very big base before the storm at the end of December, noted Allegretto, because it simply wasn’t cold enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And once that natural snow fell on top during the Christmas period, he said, it was at risk of melting away faster without a strong base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cole Zimmerman, spokesperson for Vail Resorts — which includes Heavenly, Northstar and Kirkwood — said that despite Heavenly’s best efforts, “it hasn’t been easy. We’re getting scrappy,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Lake Tahoe resort has hundreds of snowmaking guns, he said, but this machinery is dependent on the temperature and the humidity — meaning they can only be run when it’s cold enough for the water and compressed air to freeze into snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, snowmaking is only possible at high-elevation areas of a ski resort, which is why much of the lower resort areas are looking particularly bald at the moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do ski resorts decide when to close?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With temperatures high all month long, Andy Buckley, general manager at Homewood, said his resort made the tough call to close in mid-March based on guest safety. Even as their higher-elevation skiing remained good, he said, not enough snow at the base of the mountain was raising safety concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking at the ability for our patrol team to be able to egress in the event of an emergency to bring people down should they need to,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018143\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SouthLakeTahoeHeavenlySkiGetty-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of Heavenly gondola of Heavenly ski resort in South Lake Tahoe, California, on Jan. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Heavenly, by contrast, can stay open a few more weeks because its gondola can bring skiers up to 9,000 feet and back down \u003cem>without \u003c/em>needing snow at the base of the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homewood is planning to \u003ca href=\"https://skihomewood.com/gondola/\">install its own gondola this year,\u003c/a> Buckley said, and is exploring some other technologies on the horizon out of Europe that may help elongate the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these efforts are expensive — and could potentially mean resorts further raise the price of tickets and season passes for visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This industry tends to be a capital carnivore,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"Isthereanymoresnowintheforecast\">\u003c/a>Is there \u003cem>any\u003c/em> more snow in the Tahoe forecast?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the sunny weather is set to continue through the weekend, Allegretto’s forecast on Tuesday reported that cold temperatures should start to roll in early next week, and “significant snowfall is possible on the mountains” between March 31 and April 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are gonna get colder next week — we may even see some measurable snowfall,” Allegretto said. “So that’ll rapidly decrease the melting and may even start adding back some snow from a storm or two the first week of April.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Allegretto said it’s not typical to have giant dumps in April, so it’s unlikely that the snow will come in the magnitude of feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “it will definitely slow down the melting and help extend the seasons if [resorts] are trying to make it to the middle of April,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"WhatdoesthismeanforthefutureofskiinginTahoe\">\u003c/a>Is Tahoe’s dismal snow season the new normal?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the last 10 years, Tahoe has seen its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/611159/california-may-be-in-for-greater-weather-extremes\">lowest snowfall year on record\u003c/a> and its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984385/californias-2023-snow-deluge-was-a-freak-event-study-says\">highest snowfall year on record\u003c/a>, Allegretto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing more variability, and we’re seeing slowly warming temperatures,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s hard to see those swings in the data, Allegretto said, because “the big snow years are offsetting the low snow years. The 10-year average for snowfall is higher than the 50-year average,” despite global warming, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12075347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12075347\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/251209-SNOWY-TAHOE-CS-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/251209-SNOWY-TAHOE-CS-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/251209-SNOWY-TAHOE-CS-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/251209-SNOWY-TAHOE-CS-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kings Beach on the north shore of Lake Tahoe in 2022. \u003ccite>(Carly Severn/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“But the average doesn’t matter when there’s a 9-degree above-average March,” melting away all the big storms we got this year, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley said Homewood — which is at a lower elevation right by the lake — struggled to retain any snow it received this season. Each storm came just in time to rescue their base, but the last big one in February was followed by rain, which washed away almost all they had gained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is affecting not just on the resorts’ bottom lines, Buckley said, but on the entire area’s industry, whose restaurants, hotels and other service-oriented businesses often rely on ski tourism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a very unusual anomaly,” he said. “It is tense and tough for the people working in the industry and tough on the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this year’s conditions, snowmaking technology \u003cem>is \u003c/em>getting better and more possible in warmer temperatures, Allegretto said — creating more potential opportunities for skiing even in record-breaking heat years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vail spokesperson Zimmerman said the key is to “be flexible” and “prepare ourselves for whatever Mother Nature may or may not bring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Sues Trump Over Repeal of EPA’s Authority to Fight Climate Change",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a>, along with a coalition of 23 other states and a dozen cities and counties, sued the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday for rolling back \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12073333/trump-scraps-a-cornerstone-climate-finding-as-california-prepares-for-court\">the scientific finding\u003c/a> requiring it to regulate greenhouse gas pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t a small technical change,” California Attorney General Rob Bonta said at a press conference in Sacramento. “It’s a sweeping decision that would increase pollution, worsen climate change, and put the health of millions of Americans at risk. And it’s not based on any credible science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit, filed in the U.S. District Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, seeks to reinstate a 2009 conclusion known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/final-rule-rescission-greenhouse-gas-endangerment\">the endangerment finding\u003c/a> — that carbon dioxide and other planet-warming gases threaten public health and welfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The climate rule served as the scientific basis for the agency’s ability to limit emissions under the Clean Air Act.[aside postID=news_12073333 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/TrucksCM1.jpg']The Trump administration finalized the repeal of the endangerment finding on Feb. 12. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/final-rule-rescission-greenhouse-gas-endangerment\">post\u003c/a> on the EPA’s website stated the change would also dissolve restrictions on vehicle emissions and save Americans $1.3 trillion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Denying the danger of climate change doesn’t make the fires less destructive, or the heatwaves less deadly,” California Air Resources Board Chair Lauren Sanchez said. “California will not stand by while this administration continues to dismantle critical public health protections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said California’s authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions under the landmark 2006 Global Warming Solutions Act, AB 32, signed into law by then Republican Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, “remains unchanged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles, San Francisco and Santa Clara County were also parties to the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lklivans\">\u003cem>Laura Klivans\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a>, along with a coalition of 23 other states and a dozen cities and counties, sued the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday for rolling back \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12073333/trump-scraps-a-cornerstone-climate-finding-as-california-prepares-for-court\">the scientific finding\u003c/a> requiring it to regulate greenhouse gas pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t a small technical change,” California Attorney General Rob Bonta said at a press conference in Sacramento. “It’s a sweeping decision that would increase pollution, worsen climate change, and put the health of millions of Americans at risk. And it’s not based on any credible science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit, filed in the U.S. District Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, seeks to reinstate a 2009 conclusion known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/final-rule-rescission-greenhouse-gas-endangerment\">the endangerment finding\u003c/a> — that carbon dioxide and other planet-warming gases threaten public health and welfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The climate rule served as the scientific basis for the agency’s ability to limit emissions under the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Trump administration finalized the repeal of the endangerment finding on Feb. 12. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/final-rule-rescission-greenhouse-gas-endangerment\">post\u003c/a> on the EPA’s website stated the change would also dissolve restrictions on vehicle emissions and save Americans $1.3 trillion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Denying the danger of climate change doesn’t make the fires less destructive, or the heatwaves less deadly,” California Air Resources Board Chair Lauren Sanchez said. “California will not stand by while this administration continues to dismantle critical public health protections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said California’s authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions under the landmark 2006 Global Warming Solutions Act, AB 32, signed into law by then Republican Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, “remains unchanged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles, San Francisco and Santa Clara County were also parties to the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lklivans\">\u003cem>Laura Klivans\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"soldout": {
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"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
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"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
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"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
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