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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>When the Hagia Sophia was completed in 537 AD, it was the largest building in the world, and for a thousand years it was the biggest cathedral on the planet. Countless songs were written for the acoustics of the Hagia Sophia. The architecture of this one building influenced the whole trajectory of Eastern Orthodox church music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the 15th century, the Ottomans crushed the Byzantine Empire. They turned the Hagia Sophia into a mosque, and in 1935 it became a museum. Church choirs are not allowed to perform inside, so it has been centuries since anyone heard the music as it was supposed to sound inside the Hagia Sophia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But thanks to some professors at Stanford, that’s no longer the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a decade ago, art history professor \u003ca href=\"https://art.stanford.edu/people/bissera-pentcheva\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bissera Pentcheva\u003c/a> and computer music professor Jonathan Abel started a mission to map the acoustic profile of the Hagia Sophia and created a digital filter that could be applied to any sound. The feat required the latest theories of “convolution reverb,” a few trips to Istanbul and at least one pack of balloons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, to replicate the music heard inside of the Hagia Sophia, they shared their filter with Cappella Romana, a Portland-based choir that specializes in Byzantine chants. Take a listen to hear how Pentcheva, Abel and Cappella Romana have brought back music that hasn’t been heard exactly as it was intended for over 500 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the full surround sound effect, throw on a pair of headphones before you listen!\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>This story comes to us from Chris Hoff and Sam Harnett of \u003ca href=\"http://www.theworldaccordingtosound.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The World According to Sound podcast\u003c/a>. They’re partnering with the \u003ca href=\"http://lighthouse-sf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/a> in San Francisco to help us reimagine California in the rich way blind people experience it every day. The project has additional support from\u003ca href=\"https://calhum.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> California Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>This week on The California Report Magazine: a new perspective on those who are blind or visually impaired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of stories about people who are blind are sensational. They focus on the trauma of losing sight and the triumph of overcoming that adversity. At their worst, these kinds of stories turn blind people into little more than inspirational tales for everybody else. But even at their best, these stories often fail to capture the rich ways blind people experience the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get in touch with that richness, we've teamed up with Sam Harnett and Chris Hoff from the podcast The World According to Sound. They bring us five stories of blind people from all around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11754661/california-sounds-touching-the-secret-world-of-mollusk-shells\">Touching the Secret World of Mollusk Shells\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Geerat Vermeij studies the evolution of mollusk shells and has used his observations to write on subjects outside his field, like economics, law and politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11778553/california-sounds-noel-runyan-a-master-of-tinkering\">If Noel Runyan Can't Find What He Needs, He Builds It Himself\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Noel has rigged up everything from a Jacob's ladder and vibrating gun sight to a workshop where he builds sculptures out of old computer parts and polishes rocks for competitions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11754681/california-sounds-ioana-gandrabur-doesnt-want-you-to-think-of-her-as-the-blind-guitarist\">Ioana Gandrabur Is Not 'The Blind Guitarist'\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gandrabur was the only blind kid in a sighted school, and says she felt special, but also segregated. 'Then all of a sudden through music, I felt like I had a way to reach people,' she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11771686/california-sounds-an-architect-who-listens-to-buildings\">An Architect Who Listens to Buildings\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of Chris Downey's favorite places in San Francisco is a building that transports you from nature to a market and then out into the city. The structure creates three distinct soundscapes all within one hundred feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11749650/blind-since-birth-this-petaluma-man-now-designs-how-products-sound\">Hoby Wedler Thinks About How Your Water Bottle Sounds\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sensory consultants like Hoby help companies design products that sounds just right.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes to us from Chris Hoff and Sam Harnett of \u003ca href=\"http://www.theworldaccordingtosound.org/\">The World According to Sound podcast\u003c/a>. They’re partnering with the \u003ca href=\"http://lighthouse-sf.org/\">LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/a> in San Francisco to help us reimagine California in the rich way blind people experience it every day. The project has additional support from \u003ca href=\"https://calhum.org/\"> California Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Many things in our world are not made accessible for the visually impaired, which means they have to find their own workarounds. That requires ingenuity and a fair bit of tinkering — which comes very naturally to Noel Runyan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778564\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778564\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Noel Runyan developed a gun sight that vibrates when it's pointed at the target. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Runyan is an engineer by training and isn't afraid to take on any challenge. After losing his sight, he has built everything from an electric Jacob's ladder to a vibrating gun sight so he can shoot targets at a local shooting range. He has also set up a workshop to polish rocks, and he makes small sculptures in his spare time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778563\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778563\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Noel Runyan builds sculptures out of rocks and old computer parts. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes to us from Chris Hoff and Sam Harnett of \u003ca href=\"http://www.theworldaccordingtosound.org/\">The World According to Sound podcast\u003c/a>. They’re partnering with the \u003ca href=\"http://lighthouse-sf.org/\">LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/a> in San Francisco to help us reimagine California in the rich way blind people experience it every day. The project has additional support from \u003ca href=\"https://calhum.org/\"> California Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many things in our world are not made accessible for the visually impaired, which means they have to find their own workarounds. That requires ingenuity and a fair bit of tinkering — which comes very naturally to Noel Runyan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778564\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778564\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Target-Shooting-e1570483334111.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Noel Runyan developed a gun sight that vibrates when it's pointed at the target. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Runyan is an engineer by training and isn't afraid to take on any challenge. After losing his sight, he has built everything from an electric Jacob's ladder to a vibrating gun sight so he can shoot targets at a local shooting range. He has also set up a workshop to polish rocks, and he makes small sculptures in his spare time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778563\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778563\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Noel-Critters.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Noel Runyan builds sculptures out of rocks and old computer parts. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes to us from Chris Hoff and Sam Harnett of \u003ca href=\"http://www.theworldaccordingtosound.org/\">The World According to Sound podcast\u003c/a>. They’re partnering with the \u003ca href=\"http://lighthouse-sf.org/\">LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/a> in San Francisco to help us reimagine California in the rich way blind people experience it every day. The project has additional support from \u003ca href=\"https://calhum.org/\"> California Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>What can we learn about economics, war or politics from a mollusk shell? Quite a lot, according to Geerat Vermeij. The UC Davis evolutionary biologist studies mollusk shells, and he uses what he learns to make insights on everything from the dangers of capitalism to the evolution of law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vermeij has been blind since he was 3-years old. To observe a shell, he takes it in his hands and feels the entire structure. He takes in every detail — the thickness of shell, number of spines, dimension of the spiral, any of the myriad grooves, teeth and crenelations on its surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Shells are all beautiful in their own way,\" Vermeij says. \"But I look beyond their beauty and at what they’re trying to tell me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11754679\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11754679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Geerat-Feeling-a-shell-e1560500645508-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"370\" height=\"493\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Geerat-Feeling-a-shell-e1560500645508-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Geerat-Feeling-a-shell-e1560500645508-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Geerat-Feeling-a-shell-e1560500645508-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Geerat-Feeling-a-shell-e1560500645508-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Geerat-Feeling-a-shell-e1560500645508-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Geerat-Feeling-a-shell-e1560500645508-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Geerat-Feeling-a-shell-e1560500645508-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Geerat-Feeling-a-shell-e1560500645508-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Geerat-Feeling-a-shell-e1560500645508-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Geerat-Feeling-a-shell-e1560500645508.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To observe a shell, Geerat Vermeij takes it into his hands. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each detail on a shell holds a secret. A small nick can show where a crab attacked. Growth lines tell how fast it grew. The spiral structure lets you feel how the creature burrowed into sand. Through touch alone, Vermeij can identify a shell, place it in time, and in some cases, determine if it is an entirely new species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mollusks have been around for over 500 million years. Each shell helps Vermeij better understand how they evolved — the battles between predators and prey, adaptations and the struggle for survival. That evolutionary history provides insight on human history. For example, Vermeij has found that for mollusks, periods of population expansion — kind of like one that humans are going through right now — only last a short time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years he has amassed a collection of thousands of shells, which he keeps on hand at his UC Davis office. He’s written over 200 articles and books, including \"The Evolutionary World: How Adaptation Explains Everything From Seashells to Civilization.\" His theories all stem from the intricate details of shells. He spends hours categorizing them all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The more I look at shells, the more I see that I haven’t seen before,\" Vermeij says. \"Thinking about big subjects is beautiful. My life is filled with beauty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes to us from Chris Hoff and Sam Harnett of \u003ca href=\"http://www.theworldaccordingtosound.org/\">The World According to Sound podcast\u003c/a>. They’re partnering with the \u003ca href=\"http://lighthouse-sf.org/\">LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/a> in San Francisco to help us reimagine California in the rich way blind people experience it every day. The project has additional support from \u003ca href=\"https://calhum.org/\"> California Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can hear how the bees are behaving — if they’re agitated, if there are other bees trying to get in the hive, or if it’s too crowded or too hot or too cold,” said Aerial Gilbert, an avid beekeeper in Petaluma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you want to hear, she said, is a calm steady buzz. That indicates that everything in the hive is going smoothly. Gilbert tends to three beehives on her back patio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Gilbert went blind in 1988, beekeeping was one of the hobbies she figured she’d have to give up. But in the years since, she has found ways to do the things she used to before losing her sight. And that has meant relying a lot more on the power of sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I worked with my bees, the information I was paying attention to was visual,” Gilbert said. “Now it’s the other senses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Bees Came in the Mail — With the Hive\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gilbert is in her early 60s, but looks younger. She has a crop of black hair and an athletic frame. She used to be a nurse, and with the decisive yet gentle way she moves her hands, you sense she was good at it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778063\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39378_beekeeper3-qut-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39378_beekeeper3-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39378_beekeeper3-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39378_beekeeper3-qut-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39378_beekeeper3-qut-1-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39378_beekeeper3-qut-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial Gilbert in Petaluma on July 7, 2016. \u003ccite>(Crissy Pascual/Argus-Courier Staff)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gilbert doesn’t hesitate to open the hives in her backyard and reach down into the humming mass of thousands of bees. Her fingers softly brush against their bodies, and they don’t seem to mind. She calls the bees her “girls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Gilbert was 10, a swarm of bees flew into her backyard looking for a new home. Hundreds of thousands of bees coalesced in a big buzzing ball on a tree. And they stayed, humming in a giant mass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Aerial Gilbert, a blind beekeeper in Petaluma']‘I can hear how the bees are behaving — if they’re agitated, if there are other bees trying to get in the hive, or if it’s too crowded or too hot or too cold.’[/pullquote]Gilbert’s grandfather remembered the name of a local beekeeper and gave him a call. He said he’d be happy to have the bees. Gilbert watched the beekeeper walk calmly over to the giant blob of bees and scoop them up with his bare hands. He carried the swarm back to his car and left. Gilbert was mesmerized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Gilbert was a junior in high school, her parents finally capitulated to her demand for her own hive. She ordered her first bees from Sears and Roebuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They came in the mail, along with the hive,” she said. “The postman was terrified. He got to the door and my mom was there, and he just shoved them in her face and said, ‘These your bees, lady?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took a long time for Gilbert to get used to being around bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first started beekeeping I was afraid of them,” Gilbert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She would gear up in a white suit with big thick gloves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so much visual information you get by looking at the honeycomb and the brood nest,” Gilbert said. “I didn’t think I could be a good beekeeper without being able to see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Vision Lost in an Instant\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gilbert lost her vision in an instant. After working the night shift at Marin General Hospital in 1988, she stopped at a pharmacy to buy some eye drops. They had been tampered with, filled with drain cleaner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778049\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778049\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39377_beekeeper1-qut-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39377_beekeeper1-qut-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39377_beekeeper1-qut-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39377_beekeeper1-qut-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39377_beekeeper1-qut-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39377_beekeeper1-qut.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial Gilbert in Petaluma on July 7, 2016. \u003ccite>(Crissy Pascual/Argus-Courier Staff)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I felt sorry for myself. I was afraid of everything. I kind of closed myself down to ‘you might as well be dead,’ ” she said. “I didn’t think I could do anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a long process of healing and realizing she wouldn’t get her vision back, not even some of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I … woke up one day and started projecting out what my life would be like because going in the direction I was going wasn’t working,” Gilbert said. “I had always been very active. Now I was going to have a really boring life if I didn’t do something to change this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Aerial Gilbert, a blind beekeeper in Petaluma']‘When I worked with my bees, the information I was paying attention to was visual. Now it’s the other senses.’[/pullquote]There isn’t much information about the tampering. Gilbert settled with the company that made the eye drops and, as part of the deal, she isn’t supposed to go into detail about it with the media. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-04-04-mn-366-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> ran a short story about the tampering. It says, in part:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The FBI and the federal Food and Drug Administration are probing an incident in which a nurse was blinded by eye drops contaminated with a caustic chemical. “Her left eye looks like it melted and her right eye looks like it’s covered with white glue,” said Richard Critchlow, an attorney for Gilbert Van Zee Miller, 34, of Fairfax in Marin County.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilbert said her marriage ended when she lost her sight, and she couldn’t work as a nurse anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital gave her a job developing X-rays. She said that was the only place they were comfortable having a blind person work. Gilbert would sit in a small dark room all day, developing film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, she was in despair. After six months it reached a breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made the decision, no more feeling sorry for myself,” Gilbert said, “No more hiding, no more being afraid because I am allowing whoever this person was to still hurt me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She then went to the state school for the blind in Albany, living there for six months and learning braille, how to orient herself and daily living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned a lot of basically the tricks of being blind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You Can Hear the Bees’ Waggle Dance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, a friend had some hives she needed someone to look after. She asked Gilbert if she could. At first Gilbert hesitated, but she decided to give it a try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Aerial Gilbert, a blind beekeeper in Petaluma']‘The dance, it kind of happens in a little circle. You’ll hear ‘bzzz bzzz bzzz,’ and it’s different patterns depending on how far away the pollen is.’[/pullquote]As soon as the hives arrived, Gilbert was relieved. She was ecstatic to have bees back in her life. And she realized that much of the information about the bees she had gathered before with her eyes, she could now gather with her ears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whenever Gilbert is out working on the hives, she is listening to them, keeping tabs on how they sound. She also bought some microphones to make recordings inside the hive. Those recordings give her an audio snapshot of the bees’ condition and more specific insight into what’s happening inside the hives. She can hear the waggle dance, which is the movement bees make to tell others where to find pollen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only can Gilbert hear the dance, she has started to notice variations in the sound depending on where the pollen is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dance, it kind of happens in a little circle,” Gilbert said. “You’ll hear ‘bzzz bzzz bzzz,’ and it’s different patterns depending on how far away the pollen is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='bees' label='Related Coverage']Getting back to beekeeping was a triumph for Gilbert, but that’s just one part of her life: She fell in love again and remarried. She has worked at a nonprofit called Guide Dogs for the Blind, was an active volunteer and has traveled extensively. It’s been a full life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years ago, Gilbert donated one of her kidneys to a friend. The friend recovered, but the surgery didn’t go well for Gilbert: She suffered a rare complication that caused her remaining kidney to start failing. Gilbert has managed it for years, but now, she needs someone to donate a kidney to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilbert has had to spend a lot of time at home because of her health, and has been kept from many of the things she loves, like rowing. She has managed to continue taking care of her hives, and after losing bees once in her life, she doesn’t want to go without them ever again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An Entire Democratic Process Unfolding in a Hive\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gilbert is not the first blind person to take an interest in bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Aerial Gilbert, a blind beekeeper in Petaluma']‘They came in the mail, along with the hive … the postman was terrified.’[/pullquote]Swiss entomologist Francois Huber started losing his sight at age 15. In the 18th century, he made major discoveries about the lives of bees. He proved that bees use their antennae to communicate and that queens mate in the air. And he described how male drone bees — worker bees responsible for mating with the queen — were killed at the end of each summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those who are blind aren’t the only one listening to bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers like Tom Seeley at Cornell University are recording them to better understand their behavior. Seeley wrote a book called “Honeybee Democracy” that’s about the decision-making process inside a hive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeley said you can listen to an entire democratic process unfolding inside a hive: You can hear the high-pitched buzz of worker bees telling the queen it’s time to fly to a new home. There are short, high-pitched bursts when a bee disagrees with some decision inside a hive and wants to vote against doing it. And you can hear the waggle dance that Gilbert has recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilbert’s life is now filled with the beauty and intricacy of all these sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes to us from Chris Hoff and Sam Harnett of “The World According to Sound” podcast. They’re partnering with the LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired in San Francisco to help us reimagine California in the rich way blind people experience it every day. The project has additional support from California Humanities.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can hear how the bees are behaving — if they’re agitated, if there are other bees trying to get in the hive, or if it’s too crowded or too hot or too cold,” said Aerial Gilbert, an avid beekeeper in Petaluma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you want to hear, she said, is a calm steady buzz. That indicates that everything in the hive is going smoothly. Gilbert tends to three beehives on her back patio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Gilbert went blind in 1988, beekeeping was one of the hobbies she figured she’d have to give up. But in the years since, she has found ways to do the things she used to before losing her sight. And that has meant relying a lot more on the power of sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I worked with my bees, the information I was paying attention to was visual,” Gilbert said. “Now it’s the other senses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Bees Came in the Mail — With the Hive\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gilbert is in her early 60s, but looks younger. She has a crop of black hair and an athletic frame. She used to be a nurse, and with the decisive yet gentle way she moves her hands, you sense she was good at it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778063\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39378_beekeeper3-qut-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39378_beekeeper3-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39378_beekeeper3-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39378_beekeeper3-qut-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39378_beekeeper3-qut-1-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39378_beekeeper3-qut-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial Gilbert in Petaluma on July 7, 2016. \u003ccite>(Crissy Pascual/Argus-Courier Staff)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gilbert doesn’t hesitate to open the hives in her backyard and reach down into the humming mass of thousands of bees. Her fingers softly brush against their bodies, and they don’t seem to mind. She calls the bees her “girls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Gilbert was 10, a swarm of bees flew into her backyard looking for a new home. Hundreds of thousands of bees coalesced in a big buzzing ball on a tree. And they stayed, humming in a giant mass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Vision Lost in an Instant\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gilbert lost her vision in an instant. After working the night shift at Marin General Hospital in 1988, she stopped at a pharmacy to buy some eye drops. They had been tampered with, filled with drain cleaner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778049\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778049\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39377_beekeeper1-qut-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39377_beekeeper1-qut-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39377_beekeeper1-qut-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39377_beekeeper1-qut-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39377_beekeeper1-qut-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39377_beekeeper1-qut.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial Gilbert in Petaluma on July 7, 2016. \u003ccite>(Crissy Pascual/Argus-Courier Staff)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I felt sorry for myself. I was afraid of everything. I kind of closed myself down to ‘you might as well be dead,’ ” she said. “I didn’t think I could do anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a long process of healing and realizing she wouldn’t get her vision back, not even some of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I … woke up one day and started projecting out what my life would be like because going in the direction I was going wasn’t working,” Gilbert said. “I had always been very active. Now I was going to have a really boring life if I didn’t do something to change this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>There isn’t much information about the tampering. Gilbert settled with the company that made the eye drops and, as part of the deal, she isn’t supposed to go into detail about it with the media. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-04-04-mn-366-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> ran a short story about the tampering. It says, in part:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The FBI and the federal Food and Drug Administration are probing an incident in which a nurse was blinded by eye drops contaminated with a caustic chemical. “Her left eye looks like it melted and her right eye looks like it’s covered with white glue,” said Richard Critchlow, an attorney for Gilbert Van Zee Miller, 34, of Fairfax in Marin County.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilbert said her marriage ended when she lost her sight, and she couldn’t work as a nurse anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital gave her a job developing X-rays. She said that was the only place they were comfortable having a blind person work. Gilbert would sit in a small dark room all day, developing film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, she was in despair. After six months it reached a breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made the decision, no more feeling sorry for myself,” Gilbert said, “No more hiding, no more being afraid because I am allowing whoever this person was to still hurt me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She then went to the state school for the blind in Albany, living there for six months and learning braille, how to orient herself and daily living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned a lot of basically the tricks of being blind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You Can Hear the Bees’ Waggle Dance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, a friend had some hives she needed someone to look after. She asked Gilbert if she could. At first Gilbert hesitated, but she decided to give it a try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As soon as the hives arrived, Gilbert was relieved. She was ecstatic to have bees back in her life. And she realized that much of the information about the bees she had gathered before with her eyes, she could now gather with her ears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whenever Gilbert is out working on the hives, she is listening to them, keeping tabs on how they sound. She also bought some microphones to make recordings inside the hive. Those recordings give her an audio snapshot of the bees’ condition and more specific insight into what’s happening inside the hives. She can hear the waggle dance, which is the movement bees make to tell others where to find pollen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only can Gilbert hear the dance, she has started to notice variations in the sound depending on where the pollen is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dance, it kind of happens in a little circle,” Gilbert said. “You’ll hear ‘bzzz bzzz bzzz,’ and it’s different patterns depending on how far away the pollen is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Getting back to beekeeping was a triumph for Gilbert, but that’s just one part of her life: She fell in love again and remarried. She has worked at a nonprofit called Guide Dogs for the Blind, was an active volunteer and has traveled extensively. It’s been a full life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years ago, Gilbert donated one of her kidneys to a friend. The friend recovered, but the surgery didn’t go well for Gilbert: She suffered a rare complication that caused her remaining kidney to start failing. Gilbert has managed it for years, but now, she needs someone to donate a kidney to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilbert has had to spend a lot of time at home because of her health, and has been kept from many of the things she loves, like rowing. She has managed to continue taking care of her hives, and after losing bees once in her life, she doesn’t want to go without them ever again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An Entire Democratic Process Unfolding in a Hive\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gilbert is not the first blind person to take an interest in bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Swiss entomologist Francois Huber started losing his sight at age 15. In the 18th century, he made major discoveries about the lives of bees. He proved that bees use their antennae to communicate and that queens mate in the air. And he described how male drone bees — worker bees responsible for mating with the queen — were killed at the end of each summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those who are blind aren’t the only one listening to bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers like Tom Seeley at Cornell University are recording them to better understand their behavior. Seeley wrote a book called “Honeybee Democracy” that’s about the decision-making process inside a hive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeley said you can listen to an entire democratic process unfolding inside a hive: You can hear the high-pitched buzz of worker bees telling the queen it’s time to fly to a new home. There are short, high-pitched bursts when a bee disagrees with some decision inside a hive and wants to vote against doing it. And you can hear the waggle dance that Gilbert has recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilbert’s life is now filled with the beauty and intricacy of all these sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes to us from Chris Hoff and Sam Harnett of “The World According to Sound” podcast. They’re partnering with the LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired in San Francisco to help us reimagine California in the rich way blind people experience it every day. The project has additional support from California Humanities.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Can you think of a building you like, not because of how it looks but because of how it sounds? Chris Downey can list many. He’s an Oakland-based architect who prioritizes sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downey has been an architect for 30 years. Like most people in the business, Downey spent most of his career concerned about what the spaces he designed looked like. Then 10 years ago, as the result of brain surgery, he abruptly went blind. Now he pays more attention to how buildings sound and how it feels to be in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do his work, Downey prints embossed building plans. All the details of the structure are raised off the page, so he can feel the building — things like the walls, stairways, and rooms. Instead of taking in the whole building all at once through his eyes, he experiences each detail individually through his fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What’s different, I’m thinking with my fingertip,\" Downey says. \"I imagine being there. And I’m thinking about what it sounds like as I move through the space.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A building’s acoustics are important for the sighted, too, even if they don’t always realize it. Poor sound design can make anyone disoriented, feel anxious, or struggle to have a conversation. Done thoughtfully, it can encourage people to come together and talk. A well sound-designed building makes you want to be in the space, and you may find yourself even actively listening to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downey designs spaces now for both the sighted and those who are visually impaired. He helped design the LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired, a nonprofit organization in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes to us from Chris Hoff and Sam Harnett of \u003ca href=\"http://www.theworldaccordingtosound.org/\"> The World According to Sound podcast\u003c/a>. They’re partnering with the\u003ca href=\"http://lighthouse-sf.org/\"> LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/a> in San Francisco to help us reimagine California in the rich way blind people experience it every day. The project has additional support from\u003ca href=\"https://calhum.org/\"> California Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Mosquitoes are the most deadly creature on the planet because of the disease that they spread to humans. \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases\">According to the World Health Organization\u003c/a>, insect-borne illnesses kill over \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">700,000 people a year. Mosquitoes are the best-known transmitter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2013 one of the species that carries some of these potentially deadly diseases was found in central California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>Aedes aegypti \u003c/i>carries dengue and Zika. Before 2013, it was not found in the United States. The nearest \u003cem>Aedes\u003c/em> came was Central America. But the species has now crept north.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, neither dengue or Zika has spread in the state. Before that happens \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">researchers in California are studying the mosquito’s genetics with the hope of finding a way to prevent it from transmitting diseases to anyone. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To that end, the Vector Genetics lab at UC Davis is breeding and studying \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aedes aegypti. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">keeps \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">them quarantined in a lab, where they hey have hundreds of mosquitoes sequestered in small mesh cages.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"soldout": {
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