Mientras que algunas búsquedas han comenzando de nuevo, defensores de migrantes afirman que este proceso bastante complejo se ha hecho aún más difícil debido a la pandemia del coronavirus. Y cada minuto cuenta. (Anna Vignet/KQED)
Dora Melara de 42 años busca a personas que no sabe si encontrará.
Ella camina por las calles de las ciudades y pueblos de Honduras buscando a los padres cuyos hijos les fueron arrebatados por las autoridades en la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México, y luego fueron forzados a regresar a su país de origen sin sus hijos. Muchas veces Dora tan solo cuenta con un nombre y una posible ubicación.
Melara es una abogada que trabaja para ‘Justice in Motion’ (Justicia en Movimiento), una organización basada en EE.UU. que defiende los derechos de los migrantes y trabaja para ubicar a padres deportados. Pero con poca información, la búsqueda se vuelve complicada. Y si se encuentra a las familias, algunas veces es difícil que confíen en ella.
“Piensan que no es posible que después de que los hayan tratado de alguna forma, que haya personas que se estén interesando por ellos. Pero es nuestro trabajo explicarles y hacerles entender que estamos aquí para ayudarles para que puedan tener una comunicación con sus hijos”, dijo Melara a través de un traductor.
Cientos de familias mexicanas y centroamericanas permanecen separadas luego que el gobierno de Trump comenzará a separar a niños migrantes de sus padres durante el verano del 2017. Defensores de migrantes dicen que la mayoría de estos padres llegaron a EE.UU. buscando asilo pero se les negó esta protección y fueron privados de sus hijos. Melara es parte de un esfuerzo que se conlleva desde EE.UU. a México y hasta Centroamérica con el propósito de localizar y reunir a estas familias. Incluso cuando muchas de estas ya han perdido la esperanza que podrán verse de nuevo.
Pero la pandemia suspendió esta iniciativa por meses debido a las restricciones para viajar a Centroamérica.
Mientras que ‘Justice in Motion’ ha logrado reiniciar algunas búsquedas específicas, defensores de migrantes afirman que se ha complicado aún más este proceso que ya era bastante arduo.
La búsqueda continúa
En junio de 2018 salió a la luz la política de cero tolerancia del gobierno de Trump, lo que resultó en que un magistrado federal en San Diego le ordenara a la Oficina de aduanas y protección fronteriza frenar la separación de niños en la frontera para luego mandarlos a albergues para menores no acompañados o a familias de adopción temporal.
El juez de distrito Dana Sabraw le pidió al gobierno federal reportar cuántos niños había separado desde el inicio de abril del 2018, como parte de una demanda legal presentada por la Unión Estadounidense por las Libertades Civiles (ACLU por sus siglas en inglés). Luego de un conteo que duró un mes, el gobierno calculó que había 2,654 niños separados. Pero después de revisar las cifras de nuevo al inicio del 2019, ese número llegó a 2,814.
Sin embargo, en enero del 2019 la Oficina del inspector general del Departamento de salud y servicios humanos publicó un reporte el cual señala que las separaciones habían comenzado mucho más antes y el gobierno no mantuvo un registro completo del último paradero de los niños y los padres.
más en español
Sabraw después ordenó a funcionarios federales que continuaran la investigación. En octubre de ese año el gobierno reportó que 1,556 más niños habían sido separados desde 1 de julio del 2017, la fecha en que se reportaron las primeras separaciones en El Paso, hasta 25 de junio de 2018, un día antes de la orden del juez.
Por su parte, la administración de Trump guardó pocos récords de donde los familiares deportados habían ido y cómo contactarlos. Según defensores de migrantes, los datos de contacto más recientes para muchos padres son incorrectos o no están actualizados. Casi todos los 2,814 niños del conteo original del 2018 han sido reunidos con sus padres. Pero mientras buscan a los otros 1,556 niños, defensores han intentado contactar a 438 padres por teléfono o correo desde agosto y alrededor de otros 100 ya han sido ubicados en Centroamérica.
“Cuando el gobierno comenzó a separar a familias en la frontera sur de Estados Unidos…no había un plan para monitorear a las familias ni para reunirlas, a pesar que sus propios expertos les advirtieron que estas separaciones estaban causando daño”, dijo Nan Schivone, la directora legal de ‘Justice in Motion’. “Y ahora han pasado tres años y seguimos lidiando con las consecuencias”, agregó ella.
La corte autorizó un comité de abogados y defensores, el cual sería supervisado por los abogados de los demandantes, para encontrar las direcciones y números telefónicos de los padres para poder reunirlos con sus hijos.
Si se agotan todas las otras opciones, una red de defensores compuesta por abogados de derechos humanos y organizaciones sin fines de lucro lideradas por ‘Justice in Motion’ entran en acción e inician una búsqueda directa en Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador y México.
Estos defensores, entre los cuales se perfila Dora Melara, recorren los pueblos en busca de familiares. Hablan con vecinos y parientes con la intención de hallar cualquier rastro que una persona o familia haya dejado.
“Estamos hablando de cientos de niños cuyas familias aún no hemos localizado”, dijo Lee Gelernt, abogado de la ACLU y representante legal principal de los padres separados en la demanda en curso en contra del gobierno de Trump. “No sabemos si ya se han reunido. No sabemos su situación. Ya llegamos al 2020 y esto aún sigue”, dijo Gelernt.
La pandemia
Antes del comienzo de la pandemia, los defensores de ‘Justice in Motion’ habían progresado paulatinamente para localizar a las familias. Ya habían localizado a los padres de 135 niños. Y en enero, nueve padres que fueron deportados lograron regresar a EE.UU. para reunirse con sus hijos y seguir adelante con su proceso para solicitar el asilo.
“Ese fue un paso tan reñido hacia la justicia, el cual solo se hizo posible con un esfuerzo masivo, complicado e internacional” dijo Schivone.
Pero cuando la pandemia llegó en marzo, se detuvieron los operativos en Centroamérica.
“Tuvimos que parar por completo debido a la pandemia”, dijo Melara. “El gobierno hizo las reglas y ya no podíamos salir. Hay un toque de queda muy estricto,” menciona ella.
Los defensores han tenido éxito en conectar con algunas personas por Internet pero según Melara, es mucho más difícil crear confianza con padres a través de un portal digital que hacerlo por persona.
“No usamos tanto el método de investigar por línea porque la gente no confía en nosotros cuando nos conocen por primera vez. No pueden creer que hay organizaciones como la nuestra, Por esa razón, es mejor que nos reunamos en persona y tengamos ese contacto personal”, dijo ella.
En agosto, Honduras eliminó algunas restricciones para viajar y se reanudaron las búsquedas, según Schivone. Sin embargo, las nuevas reglas han creado nuevos retos.
Por ejemplo en Honduras, las personas pueden salir de compras y participar en actividades esenciales si es que se les permite de acuerdo con el último dígito de su número de identificación personal. Entonces Melara sólo puede viajar a buscar una familia si es que le toca salir ese día. Pero el período de tiempo permitido es corto, tan solo 14 horas. Y no puede pasar la noche fuera.
“Se nos limita el tiempo para hacer una búsqueda, no podemos quedarnos más tarde de lo esperado y no podemos quedarnos en un hotel. Llega el siguiente día, tu identificación ya no es válida. Ha sido muy limitante”, ella explica.
Y es que en este tipo de búsqueda, el tiempo vale oro ya que cada día que los padres siguen separados de sus hijos contribuye a un daño inmenso y potencialmente irreparable, así lo afirman expertos de salud mental.
Estas líneas telefónicas permiten a padres separados o sus parientes conectarse con los equipos de abogados y defensores. (Cortesía de KIND)
Cada minuto cuenta
La Academia Estadounidense de Pediatría reportó en el 2019 que la separación de la familia puede causar estrés tóxico entre los niños y hasta podría dañar sus cerebros en desarrollo.
“Cada minuto que no están con sus padres, piensan en ellos e intentan manejar esa ansiedad, lo que multiplica el trauma que ya están sufriendo los niños”, dijo Gelernt. “Por esas razones, vemos una situación muy lamentable. Obviamente nunca deberíamos de haber estado en esta situación. Ahora es que nos toca y covid-19 está empeorando todo para todos”, agrega él.
En febrero de 2020, la organización sin fines de lucro ‘Physicians for Human Rights’ publicó un estudio sobre los padres que fueron separados de sus hijos por el gobierno federal. Hallaron que estos padres experimentaron con gran frecuencia “síntomas y comportamientos que son consistentes con tener trauma” y que la mayoría de las personas en este estudio cumplían las condiciones para “al menos una condición de salud mental”, como trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) o una depresión mayor.
Con el propósito de apurar el proceso de reunir familias, el comité de demandantes estableció varias líneas telefónicas sin costo para conectar padres separados o parientes de estos con abogados y defensores. Las líneas operan en Estados Unidos, México, Guatemala, El Salvador y Honduras.
Luego de ser reunificados, algunas familias pueden solicitar el asilo en otro país o aplicar de nuevo para recibir esta protección de los Estados Unidos, esto según funcionarios de la organización ‘Kids in Need of Defense’, la cual forma parte de las búsquedas.
Pero es difícil para algunos padres imaginar que podría haber una resolución luego de haber estado separados por meses o hasta años de sus pequeños.
“A medida que pasa el tiempo, los padres…no pueden perder la fe y tienen que creer que nuestro defensor en verdad está conectado con el proceso en EE.UU., el cual podría proveer una solución”, dijo Schivone.
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‘Es nuestro trabajo’
El último padre que Melara logró encontrar le dijo que él no había hablado con su hija en seis meses. Melara coordinó una videollamada entre los dos y el padre se emocionó cuando por fin la vio de nuevo. “Su primera reacción al ver a su hija fue decirle, ‘¡Cuánto has crecido!’ Era algo muy conmovedor”, rememora Melara.
Otro padre que ayudó a localizar le dijo que estaba feliz que alguien estuviera interesado en lo que había pasado. “Muchas veces lo único que quieren es que se les escuche y se sienten agradecidos que hay otras personas que los quieran escuchar y aprender de lo que han vivido luego de haber perdido toda la esperanza”, dijo Melara.
A pesar de las dificultades que vienen con la búsqueda, Melara siente la responsabilidad de seguir adelante.
“Es nuestro deber encontrar una manera para que los padres se puedan comunicar con sus niños y hacer todo lo posible para que estas familias puedan reunirse un día. Estos padres e hijos van a vivir con este trauma por el resto de sus vidas”, dijo ella.
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11831289/how-covid-19-has-impacted-the-search-for-separated-families\">\u003cem>Leer en Inglés\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dora Melara de 42 años busca a personas que no sabe si encontrará.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ella camina por las calles de las ciudades y pueblos de Honduras buscando a los padres cuyos hijos les fueron arrebatados por las autoridades en la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México, y luego fueron forzados a regresar a su país de origen sin sus hijos. Muchas veces Dora tan solo cuenta con un nombre y una posible ubicación.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melara es una abogada que trabaja para ‘Justice in Motion’ (Justicia en Movimiento), una organización basada en EE.UU. que defiende los derechos de los migrantes y trabaja para ubicar a padres deportados. Pero con poca información, la búsqueda se vuelve complicada. Y si se encuentra a las familias, algunas veces es difícil que confíen en ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Dora Melara, abogada en derechos para migrantes']‘Piensan que no es posible que después de que los hayan tratado de alguna forma, que haya personas que se estén interesando por ellos.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Piensan que no es posible que después de que los hayan tratado de alguna forma, que haya personas que se estén interesando por ellos. Pero es nuestro trabajo explicarles y hacerles entender que estamos aquí para ayudarles para que puedan tener una comunicación con sus hijos”, dijo Melara a través de un traductor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cientos de familias mexicanas y centroamericanas permanecen separadas luego que el gobierno de Trump comenzará a separar a niños migrantes de sus padres durante el verano del 2017. Defensores de migrantes dicen que la mayoría de estos padres llegaron a EE.UU. buscando asilo pero se les negó esta protección y fueron privados de sus hijos. Melara es parte de un esfuerzo que se conlleva desde EE.UU. a México y hasta Centroamérica con el propósito de localizar y reunir a estas familias. Incluso cuando muchas de estas ya han perdido la esperanza que podrán verse de nuevo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero la pandemia suspendió esta iniciativa por meses debido a las restricciones para viajar a Centroamérica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mientras que ‘Justice in Motion’ ha logrado reiniciar algunas búsquedas específicas, defensores de migrantes afirman que se ha complicado aún más este proceso que ya era bastante arduo.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>La búsqueda continúa\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>En junio de 2018 salió a la luz la política de cero tolerancia del gobierno de Trump, lo que resultó en que un magistrado federal en San Diego le ordenara a la Oficina de aduanas y protección fronteriza frenar la separación de niños en la frontera para luego mandarlos a albergues para menores no acompañados o a familias de adopción temporal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El juez de distrito Dana Sabraw le pidió al gobierno federal reportar cuántos niños había separado desde el inicio de abril del 2018, como parte de una demanda legal presentada por la Unión Estadounidense por las Libertades Civiles (ACLU por sus siglas en inglés). Luego de un conteo que duró un mes, el gobierno calculó que había 2,654 niños separados. Pero después de revisar las cifras de nuevo al inicio del 2019, ese número llegó a 2,814.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sin embargo, en enero del 2019 la Oficina del inspector general del Departamento de salud y servicios humanos publicó un reporte el cual señala que las separaciones habían comenzado mucho más antes y el gobierno no mantuvo un registro completo del último paradero de los niños y los padres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"kqed-en-espanol\" label=\"más en español\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw después ordenó a funcionarios federales que continuaran la investigación. En octubre de ese año el gobierno reportó que 1,556 más niños habían sido separados desde 1 de julio del 2017, la fecha en que se reportaron las primeras separaciones en El Paso, hasta 25 de junio de 2018, un día antes de la orden del juez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por su parte, la administración de Trump guardó pocos récords de donde los familiares deportados habían ido y cómo contactarlos. Según defensores de migrantes, los datos de contacto más recientes para muchos padres son incorrectos o no están actualizados. Casi todos los 2,814 niños del conteo original del 2018 han sido reunidos con sus padres. Pero mientras buscan a los otros 1,556 niños, defensores han intentado contactar a 438 padres por teléfono o correo desde agosto y alrededor de otros 100 ya han sido ubicados en Centroamérica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cuando el gobierno comenzó a separar a familias en la frontera sur de Estados Unidos…no había un plan para monitorear a las familias ni para reunirlas, a pesar que sus propios expertos les advirtieron que estas separaciones estaban causando daño”, dijo Nan Schivone, la directora legal de ‘Justice in Motion’. “Y ahora han pasado tres años y seguimos lidiando con las consecuencias”, agregó ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La corte autorizó un comité de abogados y defensores, el cual sería supervisado por los abogados de los demandantes, para encontrar las direcciones y números telefónicos de los padres para poder reunirlos con sus hijos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Si se agotan todas las otras opciones, una red de defensores compuesta por abogados de derechos humanos y organizaciones sin fines de lucro lideradas por ‘Justice in Motion’ entran en acción e inician una búsqueda directa en Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador y México.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estos defensores, entre los cuales se perfila Dora Melara, recorren los pueblos en busca de familiares. Hablan con vecinos y parientes con la intención de hallar cualquier rastro que una persona o familia haya dejado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Estamos hablando de cientos de niños cuyas familias aún no hemos localizado”, dijo Lee Gelernt, abogado de la ACLU y representante legal principal de los padres separados en la demanda en curso en contra del gobierno de Trump. “No sabemos si ya se han reunido. No sabemos su situación. Ya llegamos al 2020 y esto aún sigue”, dijo Gelernt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>La pandemia\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Antes del comienzo de la pandemia, los defensores de ‘Justice in Motion’ habían progresado paulatinamente para localizar a las familias. Ya habían localizado a los padres de 135 niños. Y en enero, nueve padres que fueron deportados lograron regresar a EE.UU. para reunirse con sus hijos y seguir adelante con su proceso para solicitar el asilo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ese fue un paso tan reñido hacia la justicia, el cual solo se hizo posible con un esfuerzo masivo, complicado e internacional” dijo Schivone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero cuando la pandemia llegó en marzo, se detuvieron los operativos en Centroamérica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tuvimos que parar por completo debido a la pandemia”, dijo Melara. “El gobierno hizo las reglas y ya no podíamos salir. Hay un toque de queda muy estricto,” menciona ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los defensores han tenido éxito en conectar con algunas personas por Internet pero según Melara, es mucho más difícil crear confianza con padres a través de un portal digital que hacerlo por persona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No usamos tanto el método de investigar por línea porque la gente no confía en nosotros cuando nos conocen por primera vez. No pueden creer que hay organizaciones como la nuestra, Por esa razón, es mejor que nos reunamos en persona y tengamos ese contacto personal”, dijo ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En agosto, Honduras eliminó algunas restricciones para viajar y se reanudaron las búsquedas, según Schivone. Sin embargo, las nuevas reglas han creado nuevos retos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por ejemplo en Honduras, las personas pueden salir de compras y participar en actividades esenciales si es que se les permite de acuerdo con el último dígito de su número de identificación personal. Entonces Melara sólo puede viajar a buscar una familia si es que le toca salir ese día. Pero el período de tiempo permitido es corto, tan solo 14 horas. Y no puede pasar la noche fuera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Se nos limita el tiempo para hacer una búsqueda, no podemos quedarnos más tarde de lo esperado y no podemos quedarnos en un hotel. Llega el siguiente día, tu identificación ya no es válida. Ha sido muy limitante”, ella explica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Y es que en este tipo de búsqueda, el tiempo vale oro ya que cada día que los padres siguen separados de sus hijos contribuye a un daño inmenso y potencialmente irreparable, así lo afirman expertos de salud mental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11839187\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11839187\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-08-05-at-1.57.56-PM-800x1036.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1036\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-08-05-at-1.57.56-PM-800x1036.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-08-05-at-1.57.56-PM-1020x1321.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-08-05-at-1.57.56-PM-160x207.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-08-05-at-1.57.56-PM.png 1022w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Estas líneas telefónicas permiten a padres separados o sus parientes conectarse con los equipos de abogados y defensores. (Cortesía de KIND)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Cada minuto cuenta\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>La Academia Estadounidense de Pediatría reportó en el 2019 que la separación de la familia puede causar estrés tóxico entre los niños y hasta podría dañar sus cerebros en desarrollo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cada minuto que no están con sus padres, piensan en ellos e intentan manejar esa ansiedad, lo que multiplica el trauma que ya están sufriendo los niños”, dijo Gelernt. “Por esas razones, vemos una situación muy lamentable. Obviamente nunca deberíamos de haber estado en esta situación. Ahora es que nos toca y covid-19 está empeorando todo para todos”, agrega él.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En febrero de 2020, la organización sin fines de lucro ‘Physicians for Human Rights’ publicó un estudio sobre los padres que fueron separados de sus hijos por el gobierno federal. Hallaron que estos padres experimentaron con gran frecuencia “síntomas y comportamientos que son consistentes con tener trauma” y que la mayoría de las personas en este estudio cumplían las condiciones para “al menos una condición de salud mental”, como trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) o una depresión mayor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Con el propósito de apurar el proceso de reunir familias, el comité de demandantes estableció varias líneas telefónicas sin costo para conectar padres separados o parientes de estos con abogados y defensores. Las líneas operan en Estados Unidos, México, Guatemala, El Salvador y Honduras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego de ser reunificados, algunas familias pueden solicitar el asilo en otro país o aplicar de nuevo para recibir esta protección de los Estados Unidos, esto según funcionarios de la organización ‘Kids in Need of Defense’, la cual forma parte de las búsquedas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero es difícil para algunos padres imaginar que podría haber una resolución luego de haber estado separados por meses o hasta años de sus pequeños.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A medida que pasa el tiempo, los padres…no pueden perder la fe y tienen que creer que nuestro defensor en verdad está conectado con el proceso en EE.UU., el cual podría proveer una solución”, dijo Schivone.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Es nuestro trabajo’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>El último padre que Melara logró encontrar le dijo que él no había hablado con su hija en seis meses. Melara coordinó una videollamada entre los dos y el padre se emocionó cuando por fin la vio de nuevo. “Su primera reacción al ver a su hija fue decirle, ‘¡Cuánto has crecido!’ Era algo muy conmovedor”, rememora Melara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Otro padre que ayudó a localizar le dijo que estaba feliz que alguien estuviera interesado en lo que había pasado. “Muchas veces lo único que quieren es que se les escuche y se sienten agradecidos que hay otras personas que los quieran escuchar y aprender de lo que han vivido luego de haber perdido toda la esperanza”, dijo Melara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pesar de las dificultades que vienen con la búsqueda, Melara siente la responsabilidad de seguir adelante.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es nuestro deber encontrar una manera para que los padres se puedan comunicar con sus niños y hacer todo lo posible para que estas familias puedan reunirse un día. Estos padres e hijos van a vivir con este trauma por el resto de sus vidas”, dijo ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo fue traducido por el periodista, \u003ca>Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/newsletters/\">Suscríbase al boletín semanal de KQED en Español. \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11831289/how-covid-19-has-impacted-the-search-for-separated-families\">\u003cem>Leer en Inglés\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dora Melara de 42 años busca a personas que no sabe si encontrará.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ella camina por las calles de las ciudades y pueblos de Honduras buscando a los padres cuyos hijos les fueron arrebatados por las autoridades en la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México, y luego fueron forzados a regresar a su país de origen sin sus hijos. Muchas veces Dora tan solo cuenta con un nombre y una posible ubicación.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melara es una abogada que trabaja para ‘Justice in Motion’ (Justicia en Movimiento), una organización basada en EE.UU. que defiende los derechos de los migrantes y trabaja para ubicar a padres deportados. Pero con poca información, la búsqueda se vuelve complicada. Y si se encuentra a las familias, algunas veces es difícil que confíen en ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Piensan que no es posible que después de que los hayan tratado de alguna forma, que haya personas que se estén interesando por ellos. Pero es nuestro trabajo explicarles y hacerles entender que estamos aquí para ayudarles para que puedan tener una comunicación con sus hijos”, dijo Melara a través de un traductor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cientos de familias mexicanas y centroamericanas permanecen separadas luego que el gobierno de Trump comenzará a separar a niños migrantes de sus padres durante el verano del 2017. Defensores de migrantes dicen que la mayoría de estos padres llegaron a EE.UU. buscando asilo pero se les negó esta protección y fueron privados de sus hijos. Melara es parte de un esfuerzo que se conlleva desde EE.UU. a México y hasta Centroamérica con el propósito de localizar y reunir a estas familias. Incluso cuando muchas de estas ya han perdido la esperanza que podrán verse de nuevo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero la pandemia suspendió esta iniciativa por meses debido a las restricciones para viajar a Centroamérica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mientras que ‘Justice in Motion’ ha logrado reiniciar algunas búsquedas específicas, defensores de migrantes afirman que se ha complicado aún más este proceso que ya era bastante arduo.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>La búsqueda continúa\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>En junio de 2018 salió a la luz la política de cero tolerancia del gobierno de Trump, lo que resultó en que un magistrado federal en San Diego le ordenara a la Oficina de aduanas y protección fronteriza frenar la separación de niños en la frontera para luego mandarlos a albergues para menores no acompañados o a familias de adopción temporal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El juez de distrito Dana Sabraw le pidió al gobierno federal reportar cuántos niños había separado desde el inicio de abril del 2018, como parte de una demanda legal presentada por la Unión Estadounidense por las Libertades Civiles (ACLU por sus siglas en inglés). Luego de un conteo que duró un mes, el gobierno calculó que había 2,654 niños separados. Pero después de revisar las cifras de nuevo al inicio del 2019, ese número llegó a 2,814.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sin embargo, en enero del 2019 la Oficina del inspector general del Departamento de salud y servicios humanos publicó un reporte el cual señala que las separaciones habían comenzado mucho más antes y el gobierno no mantuvo un registro completo del último paradero de los niños y los padres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw después ordenó a funcionarios federales que continuaran la investigación. En octubre de ese año el gobierno reportó que 1,556 más niños habían sido separados desde 1 de julio del 2017, la fecha en que se reportaron las primeras separaciones en El Paso, hasta 25 de junio de 2018, un día antes de la orden del juez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por su parte, la administración de Trump guardó pocos récords de donde los familiares deportados habían ido y cómo contactarlos. Según defensores de migrantes, los datos de contacto más recientes para muchos padres son incorrectos o no están actualizados. Casi todos los 2,814 niños del conteo original del 2018 han sido reunidos con sus padres. Pero mientras buscan a los otros 1,556 niños, defensores han intentado contactar a 438 padres por teléfono o correo desde agosto y alrededor de otros 100 ya han sido ubicados en Centroamérica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cuando el gobierno comenzó a separar a familias en la frontera sur de Estados Unidos…no había un plan para monitorear a las familias ni para reunirlas, a pesar que sus propios expertos les advirtieron que estas separaciones estaban causando daño”, dijo Nan Schivone, la directora legal de ‘Justice in Motion’. “Y ahora han pasado tres años y seguimos lidiando con las consecuencias”, agregó ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La corte autorizó un comité de abogados y defensores, el cual sería supervisado por los abogados de los demandantes, para encontrar las direcciones y números telefónicos de los padres para poder reunirlos con sus hijos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Si se agotan todas las otras opciones, una red de defensores compuesta por abogados de derechos humanos y organizaciones sin fines de lucro lideradas por ‘Justice in Motion’ entran en acción e inician una búsqueda directa en Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador y México.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estos defensores, entre los cuales se perfila Dora Melara, recorren los pueblos en busca de familiares. Hablan con vecinos y parientes con la intención de hallar cualquier rastro que una persona o familia haya dejado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Estamos hablando de cientos de niños cuyas familias aún no hemos localizado”, dijo Lee Gelernt, abogado de la ACLU y representante legal principal de los padres separados en la demanda en curso en contra del gobierno de Trump. “No sabemos si ya se han reunido. No sabemos su situación. Ya llegamos al 2020 y esto aún sigue”, dijo Gelernt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>La pandemia\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Antes del comienzo de la pandemia, los defensores de ‘Justice in Motion’ habían progresado paulatinamente para localizar a las familias. Ya habían localizado a los padres de 135 niños. Y en enero, nueve padres que fueron deportados lograron regresar a EE.UU. para reunirse con sus hijos y seguir adelante con su proceso para solicitar el asilo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ese fue un paso tan reñido hacia la justicia, el cual solo se hizo posible con un esfuerzo masivo, complicado e internacional” dijo Schivone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero cuando la pandemia llegó en marzo, se detuvieron los operativos en Centroamérica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tuvimos que parar por completo debido a la pandemia”, dijo Melara. “El gobierno hizo las reglas y ya no podíamos salir. Hay un toque de queda muy estricto,” menciona ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los defensores han tenido éxito en conectar con algunas personas por Internet pero según Melara, es mucho más difícil crear confianza con padres a través de un portal digital que hacerlo por persona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No usamos tanto el método de investigar por línea porque la gente no confía en nosotros cuando nos conocen por primera vez. No pueden creer que hay organizaciones como la nuestra, Por esa razón, es mejor que nos reunamos en persona y tengamos ese contacto personal”, dijo ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En agosto, Honduras eliminó algunas restricciones para viajar y se reanudaron las búsquedas, según Schivone. Sin embargo, las nuevas reglas han creado nuevos retos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por ejemplo en Honduras, las personas pueden salir de compras y participar en actividades esenciales si es que se les permite de acuerdo con el último dígito de su número de identificación personal. Entonces Melara sólo puede viajar a buscar una familia si es que le toca salir ese día. Pero el período de tiempo permitido es corto, tan solo 14 horas. Y no puede pasar la noche fuera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Se nos limita el tiempo para hacer una búsqueda, no podemos quedarnos más tarde de lo esperado y no podemos quedarnos en un hotel. Llega el siguiente día, tu identificación ya no es válida. Ha sido muy limitante”, ella explica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Y es que en este tipo de búsqueda, el tiempo vale oro ya que cada día que los padres siguen separados de sus hijos contribuye a un daño inmenso y potencialmente irreparable, así lo afirman expertos de salud mental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11839187\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11839187\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-08-05-at-1.57.56-PM-800x1036.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1036\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-08-05-at-1.57.56-PM-800x1036.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-08-05-at-1.57.56-PM-1020x1321.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-08-05-at-1.57.56-PM-160x207.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-08-05-at-1.57.56-PM.png 1022w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Estas líneas telefónicas permiten a padres separados o sus parientes conectarse con los equipos de abogados y defensores. (Cortesía de KIND)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Cada minuto cuenta\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>La Academia Estadounidense de Pediatría reportó en el 2019 que la separación de la familia puede causar estrés tóxico entre los niños y hasta podría dañar sus cerebros en desarrollo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cada minuto que no están con sus padres, piensan en ellos e intentan manejar esa ansiedad, lo que multiplica el trauma que ya están sufriendo los niños”, dijo Gelernt. “Por esas razones, vemos una situación muy lamentable. Obviamente nunca deberíamos de haber estado en esta situación. Ahora es que nos toca y covid-19 está empeorando todo para todos”, agrega él.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En febrero de 2020, la organización sin fines de lucro ‘Physicians for Human Rights’ publicó un estudio sobre los padres que fueron separados de sus hijos por el gobierno federal. Hallaron que estos padres experimentaron con gran frecuencia “síntomas y comportamientos que son consistentes con tener trauma” y que la mayoría de las personas en este estudio cumplían las condiciones para “al menos una condición de salud mental”, como trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) o una depresión mayor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Con el propósito de apurar el proceso de reunir familias, el comité de demandantes estableció varias líneas telefónicas sin costo para conectar padres separados o parientes de estos con abogados y defensores. Las líneas operan en Estados Unidos, México, Guatemala, El Salvador y Honduras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego de ser reunificados, algunas familias pueden solicitar el asilo en otro país o aplicar de nuevo para recibir esta protección de los Estados Unidos, esto según funcionarios de la organización ‘Kids in Need of Defense’, la cual forma parte de las búsquedas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero es difícil para algunos padres imaginar que podría haber una resolución luego de haber estado separados por meses o hasta años de sus pequeños.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A medida que pasa el tiempo, los padres…no pueden perder la fe y tienen que creer que nuestro defensor en verdad está conectado con el proceso en EE.UU., el cual podría proveer una solución”, dijo Schivone.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Es nuestro trabajo’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>El último padre que Melara logró encontrar le dijo que él no había hablado con su hija en seis meses. Melara coordinó una videollamada entre los dos y el padre se emocionó cuando por fin la vio de nuevo. “Su primera reacción al ver a su hija fue decirle, ‘¡Cuánto has crecido!’ Era algo muy conmovedor”, rememora Melara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Otro padre que ayudó a localizar le dijo que estaba feliz que alguien estuviera interesado en lo que había pasado. “Muchas veces lo único que quieren es que se les escuche y se sienten agradecidos que hay otras personas que los quieran escuchar y aprender de lo que han vivido luego de haber perdido toda la esperanza”, dijo Melara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pesar de las dificultades que vienen con la búsqueda, Melara siente la responsabilidad de seguir adelante.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es nuestro deber encontrar una manera para que los padres se puedan comunicar con sus niños y hacer todo lo posible para que estas familias puedan reunirse un día. Estos padres e hijos van a vivir con este trauma por el resto de sus vidas”, dijo ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo fue traducido por el periodista, \u003ca>Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/about/newsletters/\">Suscríbase al boletín semanal de KQED en Español. \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"live-from-here-highlights": {
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"title": "Live from Here Highlights",
"info": "Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"order": 12
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
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"our-body-politic": {
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"title": "Our Body Politic",
"info": "Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.",
"airtime": "SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw",
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"order": 15
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
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