Shoshana Walter’s ‘Rehab’ Finds Corruption, Profiteering and Dismal Rates of Recovery In America’s Drug Treatment System
Dr. Elias Zerhouni Reminds Us Why 'Disease Knows No Politics'
E. Jean Carroll on Being 'One Woman vs. a President'
Isabel Allende Draws from Mother’s Life in Pandemic-Set Novel ‘Violeta’
Kathryn Schulz’s Memoir ‘Lost & Found’ Contemplates When Joy and Grief Arrive at the Same Time
August Book Club: 'Radiant Fugitives' by Nawaaz Ahmed
Forum From the Archives: Shankar Vedantam On The Upside of Lying
Journalist Sebastian Junger Asks What ‘Freedom’ Means
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"content": "\u003cp>In Los Angeles County—famous for its sunshine—just 20% of urbanized areas are shaded at noon. That’s creating a serious health hazard for people who work outdoors, wait at bus stops or play outside. Environmental journalist Sam Bloch argues that shade should be considered a basic human right, akin to access to clean air and safe drinking water. We speak with Bloch about why modern cities have so little shade and how we can reintroduce it as a fundamental element of urban design. Bloch’s new book is “Shade: The Promise of a Forgotten Natural Resource.” Do you struggle to find shade in your community?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ci>This partial transcript was computer-generated. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"213\" data-end=\"262\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"213\" data-end=\"226\">Mina Kim:\u003c/strong> Welcome to \u003cem data-start=\"238\" data-end=\"245\">Forum\u003c/em>. I’m Mina Kim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"264\" data-end=\"654\">We’re all familiar with the experience of desperately seeking shade to escape the glare of the sun — deliberately crossing the street to walk on the shaded side, or finding the shade of a lone tree at the edge of a sun-bathed lawn. Shade can make it feel cooler by some twenty degrees and cool surfaces by more than double that. And with an increasingly warming planet, it can save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"656\" data-end=\"859\">But we haven’t valued it enough — in fact, we even have a bias against it, says Sam Bloch, who has looked at what it will take to provide more shaded areas and why it’s more complicated than it sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"861\" data-end=\"1005\">Bloch’s an environmental journalist, and his new book is called \u003cem data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"977\">Shade: The Promise of a Forgotten Natural Resource\u003c/em>. Welcome to \u003cem data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"997\">Forum\u003c/em>, Sam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1074\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1021\">Sam Bloch:\u003c/strong> Mina, thanks for having me. It’s great to be here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1247\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1089\">Mina Kim:\u003c/strong> Glad to have you. So — we haven’t always devalued shade, right? You discovered in your reporting that ancient cities likely organized themselves around it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1642\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1263\">Sam Bloch:\u003c/strong> Yeah, that’s right. I think when most of us think of shade, our first thought is probably trees — for good reason. But long before anyone had the idea of planting a tree on the street, or what we’d call a backyard or front yard, or creating a leafy park, urban people in really hot environments were making shade from the city itself — the buildings and the walls around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1644\" data-end=\"1920\">In my book, I write about the Mesopotamian city of Ur, in the Fertile Crescent — modern-day Iraq — one of the cradles of human civilization. Thousands of years ago, Ur and likely many other cities were probably designed specifically to create shade and protect from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1922\" data-end=\"2134\">The houses back then were about ten feet tall, packed so close together that they left only narrow, five-foot-wide alleys — like canyons — for people to walk through, which meant hardly any direct sun exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2136\" data-end=\"2501\">Something else in Ur and other ancient cities: most American cities today are oriented on ninety-degree grids laid out in the 18th and 19th centuries. But back then, cities were oriented diagonally at forty-five degrees. That diagonal grid caught prevailing winds and meant the city cast equal amounts of sun and shade on streets and buildings throughout the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2503\" data-end=\"2679\">Between the narrow “urban canyon” layout and the diagonal orientation, pedestrians could move through a continuous shadow network, traversing the city out of the sun’s glare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2681\" data-end=\"2974\">An archaeologist I spoke with told me she believes one reason cities took off in this part of the world — why people left scattered villages for urban centers — was for the shade they created. Life on the plain was probably incredibly hot, under a fiercely destructive sun. Shade was a draw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2976\" data-end=\"3122\">It’s a fascinating way to think about the purpose of a city, how we make shade, and different urban design ideas that might be applicable today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3124\" data-end=\"3310\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"3124\" data-end=\"3137\">Mina Kim:\u003c/strong> And it underscores how shade not only cools people down but can also foster community. You wrote about modern-day examples where shade infrastructure has built community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3312\" data-end=\"3611\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"3312\" data-end=\"3326\">Sam Bloch:\u003c/strong> Right. Even in my own neighborhood in New York City — a few weeks ago, late June, first weekend of summer, the school year had just ended. I expected to see lots of people outside celebrating. But the streets and parks were dead. A sticky, early-season heat wave had rolled through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3613\" data-end=\"3903\">I took my toddler out for a walk — you can only stay inside with air conditioning for so long — and we passed empty basketball courts, handball courts, and playgrounds. Finally, we found a shady oasis: a courtyard shaded by two 26-story apartment buildings, plus a few London plane trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3905\" data-end=\"3990\">That’s where life was — people playing dominoes, kids scooting, neighbors chatting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3992\" data-end=\"4092\">I talk in the book about how shade preserves public space and community life as temperatures rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4094\" data-end=\"4350\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"4094\" data-end=\"4107\">Mina Kim:\u003c/strong> You have this beautiful line: “They linger and relax, and that engenders more interactions and possibly even stimulates social cohesion. People want to be in shade. They muse longer, pray more peacefully, and find strength to walk farther.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4352\" data-end=\"4486\">You also write about how brutal extreme heat is — and I was shocked to learn how many lives it claims compared to other emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4488\" data-end=\"4777\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"4488\" data-end=\"4502\">Sam Bloch:\u003c/strong> Heat is America’s deadliest weather-related killer. The official estimate is around 2,000 deaths per year, but some estimates go up to 10,000. Heat affects the body in many ways — it might trigger a heart attack, worsen diabetes, inflame kidney disease, or set off asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4779\" data-end=\"5060\">That 2,000-death figure is more than hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes combined. Yet heat doesn’t get the same attention or resources because it rarely causes visible destruction to property. Its imprint is largely invisible — hospital bills, empty streets, people stuck indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5062\" data-end=\"5205\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"5062\" data-end=\"5075\">Mina Kim:\u003c/strong> Noelle on Discord writes, “I think we can learn a lot from desert cities in Africa and other civilizations throughout the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5207\" data-end=\"5446\">Listeners, join the conversation. Do you struggle to find shade in your community? Do you have a story about trying to access shade? What’s your favorite shaded spot? Or maybe you’re an architect or planner who’s worked to include shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5448\" data-end=\"5563\">Email \u003ca class=\"cursor-pointer\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"5454\" data-end=\"5468\">forum@kqed.org\u003c/a>. Find us on Discord, Bluesky, Facebook, Instagram, or Threads @kqedforum. Call 866-733-6786.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5565\" data-end=\"5656\">We’re talking with Sam Bloch, an environmental journalist, about the importance of shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5658\" data-end=\"5788\">You also remind us in the book that it’s not just about how hot it feels — the health effects of sun exposure can be even worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5790\" data-end=\"6100\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"5790\" data-end=\"5804\">Sam Bloch:\u003c/strong> That’s right. Heat isn’t just air temperature. When we’re outside, we’re getting heat from multiple sources. First, we generate heat internally — especially when exercising or doing physical labor. Then we get heat from the air. Humidity makes it harder to lose heat. Wind can help us lose it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6102\" data-end=\"6385\">But perhaps the most significant source is the sun. A microclimate specialist told me to imagine standing in an asphalt parking lot in Phoenix, fully exposed to the sun, on a 105-degree day. The energy from solar radiation is ten times greater than the heat we absorb from the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6387\" data-end=\"6755\">Simply stepping into the shadow of a building or under a dense tree can cut the “daytime heat burden” — the total heat from all sources — by about 30%. That’s huge. Shade can prevent dehydration, headaches, and serious heat illnesses, especially for vulnerable people: children, the elderly, pregnant women, those with chronic health conditions, and outdoor workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6757\" data-end=\"6947\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"6757\" data-end=\"6770\">Mina Kim:\u003c/strong> Rhishi on Discord writes, “If I look at the Santa Clara Valley from the edges lining it, I see plenty of green. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In Los Angeles County—famous for its sunshine—just 20% of urbanized areas are shaded at noon. That’s creating a serious health hazard for people who work outdoors, wait at bus stops or play outside. Environmental journalist Sam Bloch argues that shade should be considered a basic human right, akin to access to clean air and safe drinking water. We speak with Bloch about why modern cities have so little shade and how we can reintroduce it as a fundamental element of urban design. Bloch’s new book is “Shade: The Promise of a Forgotten Natural Resource.” Do you struggle to find shade in your community?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ci>This partial transcript was computer-generated. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"213\" data-end=\"262\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"213\" data-end=\"226\">Mina Kim:\u003c/strong> Welcome to \u003cem data-start=\"238\" data-end=\"245\">Forum\u003c/em>. I’m Mina Kim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"264\" data-end=\"654\">We’re all familiar with the experience of desperately seeking shade to escape the glare of the sun — deliberately crossing the street to walk on the shaded side, or finding the shade of a lone tree at the edge of a sun-bathed lawn. Shade can make it feel cooler by some twenty degrees and cool surfaces by more than double that. And with an increasingly warming planet, it can save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"656\" data-end=\"859\">But we haven’t valued it enough — in fact, we even have a bias against it, says Sam Bloch, who has looked at what it will take to provide more shaded areas and why it’s more complicated than it sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"861\" data-end=\"1005\">Bloch’s an environmental journalist, and his new book is called \u003cem data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"977\">Shade: The Promise of a Forgotten Natural Resource\u003c/em>. Welcome to \u003cem data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"997\">Forum\u003c/em>, Sam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1074\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1021\">Sam Bloch:\u003c/strong> Mina, thanks for having me. It’s great to be here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1247\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1089\">Mina Kim:\u003c/strong> Glad to have you. So — we haven’t always devalued shade, right? You discovered in your reporting that ancient cities likely organized themselves around it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1642\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1263\">Sam Bloch:\u003c/strong> Yeah, that’s right. I think when most of us think of shade, our first thought is probably trees — for good reason. But long before anyone had the idea of planting a tree on the street, or what we’d call a backyard or front yard, or creating a leafy park, urban people in really hot environments were making shade from the city itself — the buildings and the walls around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1644\" data-end=\"1920\">In my book, I write about the Mesopotamian city of Ur, in the Fertile Crescent — modern-day Iraq — one of the cradles of human civilization. Thousands of years ago, Ur and likely many other cities were probably designed specifically to create shade and protect from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1922\" data-end=\"2134\">The houses back then were about ten feet tall, packed so close together that they left only narrow, five-foot-wide alleys — like canyons — for people to walk through, which meant hardly any direct sun exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2136\" data-end=\"2501\">Something else in Ur and other ancient cities: most American cities today are oriented on ninety-degree grids laid out in the 18th and 19th centuries. But back then, cities were oriented diagonally at forty-five degrees. That diagonal grid caught prevailing winds and meant the city cast equal amounts of sun and shade on streets and buildings throughout the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2503\" data-end=\"2679\">Between the narrow “urban canyon” layout and the diagonal orientation, pedestrians could move through a continuous shadow network, traversing the city out of the sun’s glare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2681\" data-end=\"2974\">An archaeologist I spoke with told me she believes one reason cities took off in this part of the world — why people left scattered villages for urban centers — was for the shade they created. Life on the plain was probably incredibly hot, under a fiercely destructive sun. Shade was a draw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2976\" data-end=\"3122\">It’s a fascinating way to think about the purpose of a city, how we make shade, and different urban design ideas that might be applicable today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3124\" data-end=\"3310\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"3124\" data-end=\"3137\">Mina Kim:\u003c/strong> And it underscores how shade not only cools people down but can also foster community. You wrote about modern-day examples where shade infrastructure has built community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3312\" data-end=\"3611\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"3312\" data-end=\"3326\">Sam Bloch:\u003c/strong> Right. Even in my own neighborhood in New York City — a few weeks ago, late June, first weekend of summer, the school year had just ended. I expected to see lots of people outside celebrating. But the streets and parks were dead. A sticky, early-season heat wave had rolled through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3613\" data-end=\"3903\">I took my toddler out for a walk — you can only stay inside with air conditioning for so long — and we passed empty basketball courts, handball courts, and playgrounds. Finally, we found a shady oasis: a courtyard shaded by two 26-story apartment buildings, plus a few London plane trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3905\" data-end=\"3990\">That’s where life was — people playing dominoes, kids scooting, neighbors chatting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3992\" data-end=\"4092\">I talk in the book about how shade preserves public space and community life as temperatures rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4094\" data-end=\"4350\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"4094\" data-end=\"4107\">Mina Kim:\u003c/strong> You have this beautiful line: “They linger and relax, and that engenders more interactions and possibly even stimulates social cohesion. People want to be in shade. They muse longer, pray more peacefully, and find strength to walk farther.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4352\" data-end=\"4486\">You also write about how brutal extreme heat is — and I was shocked to learn how many lives it claims compared to other emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4488\" data-end=\"4777\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"4488\" data-end=\"4502\">Sam Bloch:\u003c/strong> Heat is America’s deadliest weather-related killer. The official estimate is around 2,000 deaths per year, but some estimates go up to 10,000. Heat affects the body in many ways — it might trigger a heart attack, worsen diabetes, inflame kidney disease, or set off asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4779\" data-end=\"5060\">That 2,000-death figure is more than hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes combined. Yet heat doesn’t get the same attention or resources because it rarely causes visible destruction to property. Its imprint is largely invisible — hospital bills, empty streets, people stuck indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5062\" data-end=\"5205\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"5062\" data-end=\"5075\">Mina Kim:\u003c/strong> Noelle on Discord writes, “I think we can learn a lot from desert cities in Africa and other civilizations throughout the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5207\" data-end=\"5446\">Listeners, join the conversation. Do you struggle to find shade in your community? Do you have a story about trying to access shade? What’s your favorite shaded spot? Or maybe you’re an architect or planner who’s worked to include shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5448\" data-end=\"5563\">Email \u003ca class=\"cursor-pointer\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"5454\" data-end=\"5468\">forum@kqed.org\u003c/a>. Find us on Discord, Bluesky, Facebook, Instagram, or Threads @kqedforum. Call 866-733-6786.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5565\" data-end=\"5656\">We’re talking with Sam Bloch, an environmental journalist, about the importance of shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5658\" data-end=\"5788\">You also remind us in the book that it’s not just about how hot it feels — the health effects of sun exposure can be even worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5790\" data-end=\"6100\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"5790\" data-end=\"5804\">Sam Bloch:\u003c/strong> That’s right. Heat isn’t just air temperature. When we’re outside, we’re getting heat from multiple sources. First, we generate heat internally — especially when exercising or doing physical labor. Then we get heat from the air. Humidity makes it harder to lose heat. Wind can help us lose it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6102\" data-end=\"6385\">But perhaps the most significant source is the sun. A microclimate specialist told me to imagine standing in an asphalt parking lot in Phoenix, fully exposed to the sun, on a 105-degree day. The energy from solar radiation is ten times greater than the heat we absorb from the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6387\" data-end=\"6755\">Simply stepping into the shadow of a building or under a dense tree can cut the “daytime heat burden” — the total heat from all sources — by about 30%. That’s huge. Shade can prevent dehydration, headaches, and serious heat illnesses, especially for vulnerable people: children, the elderly, pregnant women, those with chronic health conditions, and outdoor workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6757\" data-end=\"6947\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"6757\" data-end=\"6770\">Mina Kim:\u003c/strong> Rhishi on Discord writes, “If I look at the Santa Clara Valley from the edges lining it, I see plenty of green. But along main roadways and even some creek trails — no shade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6949\" data-end=\"7237\">Noelle on Discord writes, “Shout-out to the nonprofit Our City Forest in San Jose. They planted a tree between the curb and sidewalk in front of our house in 2011, and it’s doing its job providing shade among other benefits. Walking under trees, the lower temperature is very noticeable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"7239\" data-end=\"7376\">We’ll have more with you, listeners, and with Sam Bloch right after the break. Stay with us. You’re listening to \u003cem data-start=\"7352\" data-end=\"7359\">Forum\u003c/em>. I’m Mina Kim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "shoshana-walters-rehab-finds-corruption-profiteering-and-dismal-rates-of-recovery-in-americas-drug-treatment-system",
"title": "Shoshana Walter’s ‘Rehab’ Finds Corruption, Profiteering and Dismal Rates of Recovery In America’s Drug Treatment System",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Forum is now on YouTube. Subscribe to the KQED News YouTube channel and watch the full interview.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly eight years ago, journalist Shoshana Walter followed a lead on a drug and alcohol rehab program that put patients to work at a chicken plant. What she found was one of many programs that boasted treatment and recovery, but actually profited off the unpaid labor of people struggling with addiction. In her new book, “Rehab: An American Scandal”, Walter continues to interrogate America’s drug treatment system by following four people navigating an industry that not only kept patients stuck in a cycle of addiction and relapse, but that actually stymied their recovery. We’ll talk through the dark side of the rehab industry, what this book reveals about the ways patients are exploited for profit, and who actually has a chance at recovery in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZV8VaYVH268\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ci>This partial transcript was computer-generated. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"294\" data-end=\"357\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"294\" data-end=\"314\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> Welcome to \u003cem data-start=\"326\" data-end=\"333\">Forum\u003c/em>. I’m Alexis Madrigal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"359\" data-end=\"777\">In the mornings, walking from BART across the Mission to the station, I often wonder about the lives of the people I pass doing drugs on Capp Street and in the alleyways of the neighborhood. Sure, they’ve made bad choices, and they impose costs on everybody else in the city. But how can it be that our region, our state, our country cannot help people — even after one million Americans have died of drug overdoses?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"779\" data-end=\"1019\">The failure is so profound that I think a lot of us have developed some ethical loopholes about people suffering from addiction. They’re lost to us. No treatment works. When someone goes down that road, it’s too late — etcetera, etcetera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1021\" data-end=\"1373\">But one thing that Shoshana Walter’s book irrefutably shows is that when it comes to addiction treatment — when it comes to helping people who want help — we’re just failing people horribly, up and down the socioeconomic ladder, but especially those at the bottom. And even worse, a small number of people are profiting off exploiting the vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1375\" data-end=\"1574\">Here to share more about her book, \u003cem data-start=\"1410\" data-end=\"1438\">Rehab: An American Scandal\u003c/em> — and the reporting that informed it — we’re joined by Shoshana Walter, an investigative reporter with The Marshall Project. Welcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1576\" data-end=\"1636\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"1576\" data-end=\"1596\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Thanks so much for having me, Alexis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1638\" data-end=\"1989\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"1638\" data-end=\"1658\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> So, the narrative I’ve had in my head about drug treatment in this country is that because the opioid epidemic hit a broader swath of American society than crack before it, our country decided to take a gentler, more treatment-based approach to drug addiction. But your book shows that we didn’t really do that. What went wrong?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1991\" data-end=\"2254\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"1991\" data-end=\"2011\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Yeah. I mean, exactly like you said — during the crack cocaine epidemic, our country’s approach to drug addiction was to criminalize and punish, and that led to mass incarceration of drug users, disproportionately Black and Brown Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2256\" data-end=\"2545\">Then the opioid epidemic came around. It was more of a pain pill epidemic, mostly affecting white communities. And so there was this major transformation — a well-intended transformation — and a widespread acknowledgment that addiction is a disease, worthy of medical care and treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2547\" data-end=\"2845\">Over the past twenty-five years, we’ve seen an enormous expansion of our treatment system — first, with the launch of Suboxone, the gold-standard addiction treatment medication, in 2002. And then with the Affordable Care Act, millions more Americans suddenly had coverage for addiction treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2847\" data-end=\"3144\">But the system is really not working the way it was intended. A lot of the issues I lay out in the book have to do with people still being punished for their addictions — being sent to treatment programs that assign them to unpaid labor jobs working for some of the largest companies in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3146\" data-end=\"3564\">We have medication-assisted treatment like Suboxone that’s still hard for patients to access — many doctors don’t want to prescribe it. And then we have insurance-funded, 30-day inpatient programs that people come out of and then relapse. We now know that someone who completes a 30-day treatment program is actually more likely to overdose and die in the year after treatment than someone who doesn’t finish at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3566\" data-end=\"3706\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"3566\" data-end=\"3586\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> Which is — I mean — the exact opposite of what one might expect. Treatment is supposed to make you better, not worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3708\" data-end=\"3962\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"3708\" data-end=\"3728\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Right. Exactly. And even the best-intentioned treatment programs are often frustrated with this limitation imposed by insurance companies. Some treatment programs have taken advantage of it and made it part of their business model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3964\" data-end=\"4190\">There was one treatment company owner I interviewed who admitted they were overmedicating patients to the point of impairment, contributing to overdose deaths in their own program. Even he was frustrated by the 30-day limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4192\" data-end=\"4393\">He called it a “cycler.” His company had staff call people who left their 30-day program to find out if they’d relapsed — and if they had, especially if they had good insurance, they’d reenroll them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4395\" data-end=\"4434\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"4395\" data-end=\"4415\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> Bring them back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4436\" data-end=\"4500\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"4436\" data-end=\"4456\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Exactly. It was just a cycle, in and out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4502\" data-end=\"4766\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"4502\" data-end=\"4522\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> We’re going to go deeper into all these issues — Suboxone, different types of rehab centers, and why some of them don’t seem to work, or work in ways that seem cruel and unusual to me. But let’s talk about how you got into writing this book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4768\" data-end=\"4985\">Eight years ago, you started looking into some of these treatment centers, and you found people working — as part of their drug treatment, for some reason — in a chicken processing facility? Tell us more about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4987\" data-end=\"5217\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"4987\" data-end=\"5007\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Yeah. I was a reporter at \u003cem data-start=\"5034\" data-end=\"5042\">Reveal\u003c/em> from the Center for Investigative Reporting at the time, and I stumbled across a program that a lot of drug courts and diversion courts in Oklahoma and Arkansas were using.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5219\" data-end=\"5629\">These were people who were supposed to be receiving addiction treatment instead of incarceration. It sounded great. But when I looked into it, I discovered the rehab program was founded by former poultry industry executives. Participants were sent to work unpaid at chicken processing plants, making products for KFC, Popeyes, Walmart, PetSmart, Rachael Ray Nutrish — products almost every American consumes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5631\" data-end=\"5700\">That unpaid labor was predominantly their sole form of “treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5702\" data-end=\"5971\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"5702\" data-end=\"5722\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> And in your book, you trace some of this to a company called Cenikor, which one of the main characters in the book goes through. Where did they come from, and where did this idea — that putting people to work with minimal counseling — might work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5973\" data-end=\"6262\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"5973\" data-end=\"5993\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Cenikor’s model came from a program called Synanon, founded in 1958 by a former oil salesman who struggled with alcoholism. He had tried AA and hated it because he felt people relapsed and lied in meetings. He didn’t want to let himself or others get away with that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6264\" data-end=\"6311\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"6264\" data-end=\"6284\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> Tougher love was needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6313\" data-end=\"6685\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"6313\" data-end=\"6333\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Exactly. This became the precursor to rehab in the United States. It started as a community where people called each other out — yelling, confronting, holding each other accountable. Over time, it grew into recovery communities across the U.S., including in the Bay Area, where participants lived and worked, funding the program through unpaid jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6687\" data-end=\"6813\">They also used what was later called “attack therapy” — or “the game” — circles where people verbally confronted each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6815\" data-end=\"7153\">Synanon gained popularity in the ’60s and ’70s, and its model was adopted by programs like the Cenikor Foundation. Eventually, Synanon became cult-like — the founder enriched himself, ordered vasectomies, mandated shaved heads, and forced marriages. It went off the rails, but it showed how a work-based model could become exploitative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"7155\" data-end=\"7358\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"7155\" data-end=\"7175\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> On the face of it, it seems a little crazy. But for some people, did it work? Did they become the biggest advocates — saying, “Look at me, it worked for me, it could work for you”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"7360\" data-end=\"7513\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"7360\" data-end=\"7380\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Yeah, I think so. There’s something compelling about stories of people entering a program and completely transforming their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"7515\" data-end=\"7839\">One former Synanon participant told my colleague at \u003cem data-start=\"7567\" data-end=\"7575\">Reveal\u003c/em>: “We brainwashed people — because their brains are dirty.” But many stayed in these programs for years, left, and relapsed. That’s a very common theme in U.S. treatment models — people do well while they’re in the program, but once they leave, it stops working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"7841\" data-end=\"7968\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"7841\" data-end=\"7861\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> Is there anything to the idea that once people are deeply addicted to drugs, there’s not much we can do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"7970\" data-end=\"8150\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"7970\" data-end=\"7990\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> No — I think there’s so much we can do to help people recover. Many people recover over time, even without treatment. People age, grow, and naturally change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"8152\" data-end=\"8435\">The problem with our drug policies is that the longer someone is in addiction, the more marginalized they become, and the harder it is to recover — because they’re lacking the things needed for long-term recovery: housing, jobs, financial resources, social support, transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"8437\" data-end=\"8540\">Without these, sustaining recovery is much harder. And there are other barriers I detail in the book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"8542\" data-end=\"8603\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"8542\" data-end=\"8562\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> You call it “recovery capital,” right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"8605\" data-end=\"8871\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"8605\" data-end=\"8625\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Yes. Researchers told me how important recovery capital is — the resources that help people envision and achieve change: community, housing, transportation, food, financial security. Without these, relapse is almost inevitable after treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"8873\" data-end=\"9129\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"8873\" data-end=\"8893\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> We’re talking about America’s drug treatment system and the rehab and addiction recovery industry. We’re joined by Shoshana Walter, author of \u003cem data-start=\"9036\" data-end=\"9064\">Rehab: An American Scandal\u003c/em>. She’s now an investigative reporter for The Marshall Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"9131\" data-end=\"9369\">We want to hear from you — have you had experiences with the rehab industry as a patient or a provider? What was your experience? Give us a call at 866-733-6786. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Forum is now on YouTube. Subscribe to the KQED News YouTube channel and watch the full interview.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly eight years ago, journalist Shoshana Walter followed a lead on a drug and alcohol rehab program that put patients to work at a chicken plant. What she found was one of many programs that boasted treatment and recovery, but actually profited off the unpaid labor of people struggling with addiction. In her new book, “Rehab: An American Scandal”, Walter continues to interrogate America’s drug treatment system by following four people navigating an industry that not only kept patients stuck in a cycle of addiction and relapse, but that actually stymied their recovery. We’ll talk through the dark side of the rehab industry, what this book reveals about the ways patients are exploited for profit, and who actually has a chance at recovery in America.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZV8VaYVH268'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZV8VaYVH268'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ci>This partial transcript was computer-generated. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"294\" data-end=\"357\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"294\" data-end=\"314\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> Welcome to \u003cem data-start=\"326\" data-end=\"333\">Forum\u003c/em>. I’m Alexis Madrigal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"359\" data-end=\"777\">In the mornings, walking from BART across the Mission to the station, I often wonder about the lives of the people I pass doing drugs on Capp Street and in the alleyways of the neighborhood. Sure, they’ve made bad choices, and they impose costs on everybody else in the city. But how can it be that our region, our state, our country cannot help people — even after one million Americans have died of drug overdoses?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"779\" data-end=\"1019\">The failure is so profound that I think a lot of us have developed some ethical loopholes about people suffering from addiction. They’re lost to us. No treatment works. When someone goes down that road, it’s too late — etcetera, etcetera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1021\" data-end=\"1373\">But one thing that Shoshana Walter’s book irrefutably shows is that when it comes to addiction treatment — when it comes to helping people who want help — we’re just failing people horribly, up and down the socioeconomic ladder, but especially those at the bottom. And even worse, a small number of people are profiting off exploiting the vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1375\" data-end=\"1574\">Here to share more about her book, \u003cem data-start=\"1410\" data-end=\"1438\">Rehab: An American Scandal\u003c/em> — and the reporting that informed it — we’re joined by Shoshana Walter, an investigative reporter with The Marshall Project. Welcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1576\" data-end=\"1636\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"1576\" data-end=\"1596\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Thanks so much for having me, Alexis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1638\" data-end=\"1989\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"1638\" data-end=\"1658\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> So, the narrative I’ve had in my head about drug treatment in this country is that because the opioid epidemic hit a broader swath of American society than crack before it, our country decided to take a gentler, more treatment-based approach to drug addiction. But your book shows that we didn’t really do that. What went wrong?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"1991\" data-end=\"2254\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"1991\" data-end=\"2011\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Yeah. I mean, exactly like you said — during the crack cocaine epidemic, our country’s approach to drug addiction was to criminalize and punish, and that led to mass incarceration of drug users, disproportionately Black and Brown Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2256\" data-end=\"2545\">Then the opioid epidemic came around. It was more of a pain pill epidemic, mostly affecting white communities. And so there was this major transformation — a well-intended transformation — and a widespread acknowledgment that addiction is a disease, worthy of medical care and treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2547\" data-end=\"2845\">Over the past twenty-five years, we’ve seen an enormous expansion of our treatment system — first, with the launch of Suboxone, the gold-standard addiction treatment medication, in 2002. And then with the Affordable Care Act, millions more Americans suddenly had coverage for addiction treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"2847\" data-end=\"3144\">But the system is really not working the way it was intended. A lot of the issues I lay out in the book have to do with people still being punished for their addictions — being sent to treatment programs that assign them to unpaid labor jobs working for some of the largest companies in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3146\" data-end=\"3564\">We have medication-assisted treatment like Suboxone that’s still hard for patients to access — many doctors don’t want to prescribe it. And then we have insurance-funded, 30-day inpatient programs that people come out of and then relapse. We now know that someone who completes a 30-day treatment program is actually more likely to overdose and die in the year after treatment than someone who doesn’t finish at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3566\" data-end=\"3706\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"3566\" data-end=\"3586\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> Which is — I mean — the exact opposite of what one might expect. Treatment is supposed to make you better, not worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3708\" data-end=\"3962\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"3708\" data-end=\"3728\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Right. Exactly. And even the best-intentioned treatment programs are often frustrated with this limitation imposed by insurance companies. Some treatment programs have taken advantage of it and made it part of their business model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"3964\" data-end=\"4190\">There was one treatment company owner I interviewed who admitted they were overmedicating patients to the point of impairment, contributing to overdose deaths in their own program. Even he was frustrated by the 30-day limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4192\" data-end=\"4393\">He called it a “cycler.” His company had staff call people who left their 30-day program to find out if they’d relapsed — and if they had, especially if they had good insurance, they’d reenroll them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4395\" data-end=\"4434\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"4395\" data-end=\"4415\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> Bring them back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4436\" data-end=\"4500\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"4436\" data-end=\"4456\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Exactly. It was just a cycle, in and out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4502\" data-end=\"4766\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"4502\" data-end=\"4522\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> We’re going to go deeper into all these issues — Suboxone, different types of rehab centers, and why some of them don’t seem to work, or work in ways that seem cruel and unusual to me. But let’s talk about how you got into writing this book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4768\" data-end=\"4985\">Eight years ago, you started looking into some of these treatment centers, and you found people working — as part of their drug treatment, for some reason — in a chicken processing facility? Tell us more about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"4987\" data-end=\"5217\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"4987\" data-end=\"5007\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Yeah. I was a reporter at \u003cem data-start=\"5034\" data-end=\"5042\">Reveal\u003c/em> from the Center for Investigative Reporting at the time, and I stumbled across a program that a lot of drug courts and diversion courts in Oklahoma and Arkansas were using.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5219\" data-end=\"5629\">These were people who were supposed to be receiving addiction treatment instead of incarceration. It sounded great. But when I looked into it, I discovered the rehab program was founded by former poultry industry executives. Participants were sent to work unpaid at chicken processing plants, making products for KFC, Popeyes, Walmart, PetSmart, Rachael Ray Nutrish — products almost every American consumes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5631\" data-end=\"5700\">That unpaid labor was predominantly their sole form of “treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5702\" data-end=\"5971\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"5702\" data-end=\"5722\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> And in your book, you trace some of this to a company called Cenikor, which one of the main characters in the book goes through. Where did they come from, and where did this idea — that putting people to work with minimal counseling — might work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"5973\" data-end=\"6262\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"5973\" data-end=\"5993\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Cenikor’s model came from a program called Synanon, founded in 1958 by a former oil salesman who struggled with alcoholism. He had tried AA and hated it because he felt people relapsed and lied in meetings. He didn’t want to let himself or others get away with that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6264\" data-end=\"6311\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"6264\" data-end=\"6284\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> Tougher love was needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6313\" data-end=\"6685\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"6313\" data-end=\"6333\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Exactly. This became the precursor to rehab in the United States. It started as a community where people called each other out — yelling, confronting, holding each other accountable. Over time, it grew into recovery communities across the U.S., including in the Bay Area, where participants lived and worked, funding the program through unpaid jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6687\" data-end=\"6813\">They also used what was later called “attack therapy” — or “the game” — circles where people verbally confronted each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"6815\" data-end=\"7153\">Synanon gained popularity in the ’60s and ’70s, and its model was adopted by programs like the Cenikor Foundation. Eventually, Synanon became cult-like — the founder enriched himself, ordered vasectomies, mandated shaved heads, and forced marriages. It went off the rails, but it showed how a work-based model could become exploitative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"7155\" data-end=\"7358\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"7155\" data-end=\"7175\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> On the face of it, it seems a little crazy. But for some people, did it work? Did they become the biggest advocates — saying, “Look at me, it worked for me, it could work for you”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"7360\" data-end=\"7513\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"7360\" data-end=\"7380\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Yeah, I think so. There’s something compelling about stories of people entering a program and completely transforming their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"7515\" data-end=\"7839\">One former Synanon participant told my colleague at \u003cem data-start=\"7567\" data-end=\"7575\">Reveal\u003c/em>: “We brainwashed people — because their brains are dirty.” But many stayed in these programs for years, left, and relapsed. That’s a very common theme in U.S. treatment models — people do well while they’re in the program, but once they leave, it stops working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"7841\" data-end=\"7968\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"7841\" data-end=\"7861\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> Is there anything to the idea that once people are deeply addicted to drugs, there’s not much we can do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"7970\" data-end=\"8150\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"7970\" data-end=\"7990\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> No — I think there’s so much we can do to help people recover. Many people recover over time, even without treatment. People age, grow, and naturally change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"8152\" data-end=\"8435\">The problem with our drug policies is that the longer someone is in addiction, the more marginalized they become, and the harder it is to recover — because they’re lacking the things needed for long-term recovery: housing, jobs, financial resources, social support, transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"8437\" data-end=\"8540\">Without these, sustaining recovery is much harder. And there are other barriers I detail in the book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"8542\" data-end=\"8603\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"8542\" data-end=\"8562\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> You call it “recovery capital,” right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"8605\" data-end=\"8871\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"8605\" data-end=\"8625\">Shoshana Walter:\u003c/strong> Yes. Researchers told me how important recovery capital is — the resources that help people envision and achieve change: community, housing, transportation, food, financial security. Without these, relapse is almost inevitable after treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"8873\" data-end=\"9129\">\u003cstrong data-start=\"8873\" data-end=\"8893\">Alexis Madrigal:\u003c/strong> We’re talking about America’s drug treatment system and the rehab and addiction recovery industry. We’re joined by Shoshana Walter, author of \u003cem data-start=\"9036\" data-end=\"9064\">Rehab: An American Scandal\u003c/em>. She’s now an investigative reporter for The Marshall Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-start=\"9131\" data-end=\"9369\">We want to hear from you — have you had experiences with the rehab industry as a patient or a provider? What was your experience? Give us a call at 866-733-6786. 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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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