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"content": "\u003cp>Special hours for seniors to shop are just one of the ways grocery stores across the U.S. are adjusting their operations during \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/812054919/the-coronavirus-crisis\">the coronavirus pandemic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supermarkets are restricting their opening hours to give workers time for cleaning and restocking. They're also limiting how many items people are allowed to buy. And they're adding special designated hours when only seniors and others most vulnerable to the coronavirus are invited to shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health experts are still recommending against visiting public places unless absolutely necessary. Federal officials advise against gatherings of 10 or more people. None of the retailers specified plans to restrict the number of visitors to their stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='coronavirus, covid-19' label='Get The Latest News on Coronavirus']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are the latest changes at some of the most prominent supermarket chains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Target\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Target stores will reserve the first hour of shopping on Wednesdays for \"vulnerable guests — including elderly and those with underlying health concerns.\" The company \u003ca href=\"https://corporate.target.com/about/purpose-history/our-commitments/target-coronavirus-hub\">is encouraging\u003c/a> others to shop outside of that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The retailer is also cutting its opening hours, closing all stores at 9 p.m. local time and is enforcing limits on how many items of particularly high-demand products one shopper can buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dollar General\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The retailer is \"\u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.dollargeneral.com/news/dollar-general-announces-first-hour-of-operations-to-be-dedicated-to-senior-customers.htm\">strongly encouraging\u003c/a>\" shoppers who are not considered high-risk to avoid visiting stores during the first hour of opening, reserving that time for seniors. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are the latest changes at some of the most prominent supermarket chains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Target\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Target stores will reserve the first hour of shopping on Wednesdays for \"vulnerable guests — including elderly and those with underlying health concerns.\" The company \u003ca href=\"https://corporate.target.com/about/purpose-history/our-commitments/target-coronavirus-hub\">is encouraging\u003c/a> others to shop outside of that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The retailer is also cutting its opening hours, closing all stores at 9 p.m. local time and is enforcing limits on how many items of particularly high-demand products one shopper can buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dollar General\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The retailer is \"\u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.dollargeneral.com/news/dollar-general-announces-first-hour-of-operations-to-be-dedicated-to-senior-customers.htm\">strongly encouraging\u003c/a>\" shoppers who are not considered high-risk to avoid visiting stores during the first hour of opening, reserving that time for seniors. Dollar General also will close all stores an hour early every day for cleaning, restocking and to give workers a bit of a break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Walmart\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest U.S. retailer is adding a \"senior hour\" to every Tuesday from March 24 to April 28. This applies to customers 60 and older, who will have exclusive access to Walmart stores and pharmacies for an hour before official opening time, which in many cases will mean 6 a.m. to 7 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2020/03/18/latest-walmart-store-changes-to-support-associates-and-customers\">Walmart says \u003c/a>it's temporarily closing Auto Care Centers and imposing per-person restrictions on paper products, milk, eggs, cleaning supplies, hand sanitizer, water, diapers, wipes, formula and baby food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stop & Shop\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stores are opening early to allow people over 60 and with weakened immune systems to shop from 6 a.m. to 7:30 a.m. The supermarkets will have shorter hours, opening from 7:30 a.m. to 8 p.m. The company is also limiting per-person purchases of some cleaning and sanitizing products, \u003ca href=\"https://stopandshop.com/news-and-media/article-03-13-20/\">encouraging \u003c/a>shoppers to \"buy just what you need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Safeway, Albertsons\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supermarkets \u003ca href=\"https://www.albertsonscompanies.com/newsroom/shopping-hours-for-vulnerable-customers.html\">owned by Albertsons \u003c/a>plan to reserve every Tuesday and Thursday from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m. for vulnerable shoppers, including seniors, pregnant women and people with compromised immune systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is also \"asking customers to respect quantity limits of select, high-demand items (like hand sanitizers and household cleaners) to help ensure more of our neighbors can find the products they need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Whole Foods \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon's retail chain is offering the hour before each store's official opening time for people 60 and older. Whole Foods \u003ca href=\"https://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/news/how-whole-foods-market-is-responding-to-covid-19\">also says\u003c/a> its locations will close to shoppers \"up to two hours early,\" though they will remain open for pickup and Amazon Prime delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other stores\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many retailers and malls also are restricting their hours or temporarily closing. Trade publication \u003cem>Retail Dive\u003c/em> is keeping a handy \u003ca href=\"https://www.retaildive.com/news/tracking-retails-response-to-the-coronavirus/574216/\">running list here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dining in the Bay Area can mean lots of optimized salad bars and grain bowls inhaled between meetings. Here, KQED staffers share recent meals that demanded we slow down and enjoy them thoroughly.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Rintaro's Delicate Udon Carbonara\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cracking open the yolk of a semi-cooked egg has become a cheap trick on the internet. Videos of gooey yolk spilling onto bread, rice, or even a bare plate continue to drive people into a frenzy with heart-eyed emojis abound. Though I love eggs, I don't necessarily fall for this trap. Yolk spills that cause the most food envy on the internet are a bit too runny for me. I enjoy a bit more viscosity in my yolks—a honey-slow drip that might be too sluggish to go viral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, when I had dinner at \u003ca href=\"https://izakayarintaro.com/\">Rintaro\u003c/a>, the beautiful and celebrated Mission izakaya, I didn't think an egg would be what captured me—especially since I went looking for its mother. Rintaro's is best known for its yakitori: skewered chicken from almost every part of the bird, seasoned with a light touch and grilled over charcoal not a minute too long. The heart was a surprising dense and flavorful delight. The skin was satisfying and craveable. The gizzard, of which I snagged the last order, continues to be a treasured favorite of mine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was lucky to go to Rintaro with a couple of friends who live nearby and frequent the restaurant, so despite the barrage of diverse, grilled chicken parts we'd just eaten, they insisted on trying the \u003cstrong>udon carbonara\u003c/strong>. Kneaded and rolled in-house, Rintaro's udon is nearly fluffy were it not for its chew. The restaurant's take on carbonara looked incredibly simple. A bowl held a minimal tableau: a nest of off-white noodles, at its center a bright yellow egg yolk, and, off to the side, pale pink curls of shaved katsuobushi (dried and smoked skipjack tuna). We cracked the yolk—yes, on camera—and mixed in the katsuobushi until all the noodles were coated with both. My first bite was so good, as was my next and the one after that. Maybe yolk spill deserves the hype after all. Especially if it's dissolving flakes of salty, smokey fish, disappearing into a bowl of fresh noodles before it does the same into my mouth. —\u003cem>Ruth Gebreyesus, Food Reporter and Visual Arts Columnist\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_136388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-136388\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/03/OaksCardClub_FriedRice-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"At just six dollars a plate, the vegetable fried rice at the Oaks Card Club might be the safest bet in the house.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/03/OaksCardClub_FriedRice-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/03/OaksCardClub_FriedRice-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/03/OaksCardClub_FriedRice-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/03/OaksCardClub_FriedRice-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/03/OaksCardClub_FriedRice.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At just six dollars a plate, the vegetable fried rice at the Oaks Card Club might be the safest bet in the house. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Betting Over Fried Rice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I’m clutching a piece of broccoli between chopsticks with one hand, and ceding $75 to a man wearing sunglasses and a Bad Boys Bail Bonds lanyard with the other. I haven’t been robbed while contenting myself with takeout, but it sort of feels that way. I’m at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oakscardclub.com/\">Oaks Card Club\u003c/a> in Emeryville, eating vegetable fried rice off a porcelain platter at a game of Texas hold ‘em. And what minutes ago seemed like an affordable, generous serving of food is becoming increasingly expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oaks is attached to a sports bar and cafeteria-style restaurant with a dim-lit warren of cushiony booths. It is a hofbrau—historically, in California, a drinking establishment with trays and carved-to-order beef and poultry—but in an idiosyncrasy befitting the Oaks’ polyglot clientele, there’s also Chinese and Vietnamese fare. (Incidentally, the Oaks is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/19460/oaks-card-club-owner-says-hearing-on-reopening-tomorrow\">no longer the only local hofbrau\u003c/a> known to federal agents.) The prices are modest, and gamblers receive a discount when they order from the card table. Like the games, some food items are served 24/7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’d ordered the \u003cstrong>vegetable fried rice with bok choy, mushrooms and broccoli\u003c/strong>. On other visits I added tofu, but found it under-seasoned and undercooked. It cost $6, and I gave the server $10. Karmic deposit? Partly. The Oaks brings in somewhere around $100 million annually, judging by municipal tax documents, yet its union servers have still had to picket for fair wages and healthcare. Anyway, professional critics tend to disparage the food here. But I don’t think they’ve gone broke and taken leftovers with extra garlic chili sauce to go—because the next day, it tastes rich. —\u003cem>Sam Lefebvre, Arts Reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/BE9IHqKhtWq/\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>HeyDay's Hard-to-Forget Cauliflower Sandwich\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As an office worker in the land of $15 salads containing little more than just lettuce, I’ve gotten into the habit of bringing a more filling and nutritious lunch from home. But after a weekend of going out too much and missing my regular grocery run, a coworker invited me to \u003ca href=\"http://www.heydaysf.com/\">HeyDay\u003c/a>—my new favorite lunch spot in downtown San Francisco. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On my first visit, I tried a \u003cstrong>roasted cauliflower sandwich\u003c/strong> with thick, flaky slices of pecorino cheese on an Acme baguette. Dressed with aioli, and with a big helping of arugula inside, the sandwich surprised me with its mingling of different flavors and textures. The flavorful, seasoned cauliflower was moist, and provided a soft counterpoint to the hard cheese and crunchy greens. I paired it with a decadently spiced Moroccan chickpea salad—a combo that came out under $12 and kept me full until my after-work gym sesh.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside postID='bayareabites_118638,bayareabites_136123,bayareabites_136299' label='Still More Flavors Worth Finding']\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I couldn’t stop thinking about that lunch in the days that followed—something about the toothsome juxtaposition of well-seasoned cauliflower next to salty cheese. Since that discovery, my HeyDay stamp card has already gotten to be 30% full. I also tried the kale salad with toasted sunflower seeds and yogurt-avocado, as well as a more filling salad with arugula, farro, marinated mushrooms, tofu, beets and dried cranberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As someone who tries to eat healthy and vegetarian during the week, and indulges during weekend meals out, HeyDay is sure to become part of my routine. —\u003cem>Nastia Voynovskaya, Associate Arts Editor\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dining in the Bay Area can mean lots of optimized salad bars and grain bowls inhaled between meetings. Here, KQED staffers share recent meals that demanded we slow down and enjoy them thoroughly.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Rintaro's Delicate Udon Carbonara\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cracking open the yolk of a semi-cooked egg has become a cheap trick on the internet. Videos of gooey yolk spilling onto bread, rice, or even a bare plate continue to drive people into a frenzy with heart-eyed emojis abound. Though I love eggs, I don't necessarily fall for this trap. Yolk spills that cause the most food envy on the internet are a bit too runny for me. I enjoy a bit more viscosity in my yolks—a honey-slow drip that might be too sluggish to go viral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, when I had dinner at \u003ca href=\"https://izakayarintaro.com/\">Rintaro\u003c/a>, the beautiful and celebrated Mission izakaya, I didn't think an egg would be what captured me—especially since I went looking for its mother. Rintaro's is best known for its yakitori: skewered chicken from almost every part of the bird, seasoned with a light touch and grilled over charcoal not a minute too long. The heart was a surprising dense and flavorful delight. The skin was satisfying and craveable. The gizzard, of which I snagged the last order, continues to be a treasured favorite of mine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was lucky to go to Rintaro with a couple of friends who live nearby and frequent the restaurant, so despite the barrage of diverse, grilled chicken parts we'd just eaten, they insisted on trying the \u003cstrong>udon carbonara\u003c/strong>. Kneaded and rolled in-house, Rintaro's udon is nearly fluffy were it not for its chew. The restaurant's take on carbonara looked incredibly simple. A bowl held a minimal tableau: a nest of off-white noodles, at its center a bright yellow egg yolk, and, off to the side, pale pink curls of shaved katsuobushi (dried and smoked skipjack tuna). We cracked the yolk—yes, on camera—and mixed in the katsuobushi until all the noodles were coated with both. My first bite was so good, as was my next and the one after that. Maybe yolk spill deserves the hype after all. Especially if it's dissolving flakes of salty, smokey fish, disappearing into a bowl of fresh noodles before it does the same into my mouth. —\u003cem>Ruth Gebreyesus, Food Reporter and Visual Arts Columnist\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_136388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-136388\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/03/OaksCardClub_FriedRice-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"At just six dollars a plate, the vegetable fried rice at the Oaks Card Club might be the safest bet in the house.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/03/OaksCardClub_FriedRice-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/03/OaksCardClub_FriedRice-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/03/OaksCardClub_FriedRice-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/03/OaksCardClub_FriedRice-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/03/OaksCardClub_FriedRice.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At just six dollars a plate, the vegetable fried rice at the Oaks Card Club might be the safest bet in the house. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Betting Over Fried Rice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I’m clutching a piece of broccoli between chopsticks with one hand, and ceding $75 to a man wearing sunglasses and a Bad Boys Bail Bonds lanyard with the other. I haven’t been robbed while contenting myself with takeout, but it sort of feels that way. I’m at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oakscardclub.com/\">Oaks Card Club\u003c/a> in Emeryville, eating vegetable fried rice off a porcelain platter at a game of Texas hold ‘em. And what minutes ago seemed like an affordable, generous serving of food is becoming increasingly expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oaks is attached to a sports bar and cafeteria-style restaurant with a dim-lit warren of cushiony booths. It is a hofbrau—historically, in California, a drinking establishment with trays and carved-to-order beef and poultry—but in an idiosyncrasy befitting the Oaks’ polyglot clientele, there’s also Chinese and Vietnamese fare. (Incidentally, the Oaks is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/19460/oaks-card-club-owner-says-hearing-on-reopening-tomorrow\">no longer the only local hofbrau\u003c/a> known to federal agents.) The prices are modest, and gamblers receive a discount when they order from the card table. Like the games, some food items are served 24/7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’d ordered the \u003cstrong>vegetable fried rice with bok choy, mushrooms and broccoli\u003c/strong>. On other visits I added tofu, but found it under-seasoned and undercooked. It cost $6, and I gave the server $10. Karmic deposit? Partly. The Oaks brings in somewhere around $100 million annually, judging by municipal tax documents, yet its union servers have still had to picket for fair wages and healthcare. Anyway, professional critics tend to disparage the food here. But I don’t think they’ve gone broke and taken leftovers with extra garlic chili sauce to go—because the next day, it tastes rich. —\u003cem>Sam Lefebvre, Arts Reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I couldn’t stop thinking about that lunch in the days that followed—something about the toothsome juxtaposition of well-seasoned cauliflower next to salty cheese. Since that discovery, my HeyDay stamp card has already gotten to be 30% full. I also tried the kale salad with toasted sunflower seeds and yogurt-avocado, as well as a more filling salad with arugula, farro, marinated mushrooms, tofu, beets and dried cranberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As someone who tries to eat healthy and vegetarian during the week, and indulges during weekend meals out, HeyDay is sure to become part of my routine. —\u003cem>Nastia Voynovskaya, Associate Arts Editor\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For people who live in food deserts, getting groceries can be a real challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2009 U.S. Department of Agriculture \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/42711/12716_ap036_1_.pdf?v=41055\">report\u003c/a>, about 2.3 million people in the United States live more than a mile away from a supermarket and don't have reliable vehicle access. If they don't own a car, they have to find a ride, take public transit, walk or bike to the closest store. The trip takes time, money and energy — and can be especially taxing for people who are older or who have physical disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2756107\">new analysis\u003c/a> from researchers at Yale University suggests that one service already in place in many of these areas could help make it easier to access fresh, healthy food: online grocery delivery. And it lends support to expanding a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2019/04/18/usda-launches-snap-online-purchasing-pilot\">pilot program\u003c/a> that lets people use their benefits from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program — aka food stamps — to pay for those groceries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For individuals using SNAP, there's been a lot of bad rap about the quality of food that they purchase, and there's not been a lot of focus on trying to support individuals getting better-quality diets that has been successful,\" says lead researcher \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/profile/eric_brandt/\">Eric J. Brandt\u003c/a>, national clinician scholar at Yale University's School of Medicine. \"So I really hope that this is part of that pathway towards better quality and better health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, which was published by JAMA Network Open this month, looked at eight states in which SNAP recipients can \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/26/736181304/using-food-stamps-for-online-grocery-shopping-is-getting-easier\">use\u003c/a> their benefits to buy groceries online as part of the USDA pilot program: Alabama, Iowa, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Oregon and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within these states, the study found that nearly 93% of SNAP-eligible households in urban food deserts were located in areas that fully qualified for grocery delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brandt hopes the study is one step in finding more applicable solutions for people living in areas with high rates of food insecurity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What is already in place as a potential mechanism to improve their access to quality foods? Delivery, definitely,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the study, Brandt looked at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/03/13/174112591/how-to-find-a-food-desert-near-you\">USDA's Food Access Research Atlas\u003c/a> to find census tracts for areas classified as food deserts. Then he compared these results with all the stores that accept SNAP and also deliver to those locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while urban food deserts were overwhelmingly covered by delivery services offered through companies such as Instacart, Peapod and ShopRite, the results in rural areas were not nearly as promising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 59 rural census tracts analyzed, zero qualified for full grocery delivery. Thirty percent of them were partially deliverable to, and 69.5% of the tracts were not deliverable to at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference between partial and full delivery, Brandt explains, is a discrepancy in the two sets of data — while food deserts are measured by census tracts, delivery is determined by ZIP code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're mutually exclusive, and they don't define each other,\" he says. \"So that's why there's this middle category of partially deliverable, because some of the ZIP codes that were in the census tract for the food desert had delivery, but other ZIP codes in that same census tract did not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also the challenge of paying for the delivery itself. As of now, SNAP benefits in participating states can be used to purchase food online but not to pay for delivery fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie Companey, the director of grocery marketing at \u003ca href=\"https://valassis.com/\">Valassis\u003c/a>, a firm that conducts market-specific research, says that ordering groceries through a service like Instacart could lead to a potential upmark in prices compared with the costs in stores. But for some SNAP recipients, the convenience of ordering online may still outweigh these hurdles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companey points to a 2017 \u003ca href=\"https://blog.fieldagent.net/food-stamps-users-surveyed-about-bopis-grocery-delivery\">survey\u003c/a> of SNAP recipients crowdsourced by Field Agent, a retail-auditing firm, in which 51% of respondents said they were \"completely likely\" to buy groceries online for pickup or delivery if given the option, even with additional delivery fees. The top three reasons respondents gave for choosing to order online were convenience, being able to pay for their groceries without other shoppers seeing they were using SNAP benefits and, for parents, not having to navigate the grocery store with their kids in tow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brandt says there's hope that these additional cost challenges, like delivery fees, can be addressed through the pilot program in the future. For now, he says the study is proof that maybe allowing more SNAP recipients to turn to online grocery delivery could mean an overall increase in the quality of food they're putting on the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot program will run for two years, until April 2021, at which point it will undergo review to ensure that all online transactions are secure and run without technical difficulties. The USDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.fns.usda.gov/pressrelease/2017/fns-000117\">hopes\u003c/a> to eventually expand the program nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For people who live in food deserts, getting groceries can be a real challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2009 U.S. Department of Agriculture \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/42711/12716_ap036_1_.pdf?v=41055\">report\u003c/a>, about 2.3 million people in the United States live more than a mile away from a supermarket and don't have reliable vehicle access. If they don't own a car, they have to find a ride, take public transit, walk or bike to the closest store. The trip takes time, money and energy — and can be especially taxing for people who are older or who have physical disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2756107\">new analysis\u003c/a> from researchers at Yale University suggests that one service already in place in many of these areas could help make it easier to access fresh, healthy food: online grocery delivery. And it lends support to expanding a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2019/04/18/usda-launches-snap-online-purchasing-pilot\">pilot program\u003c/a> that lets people use their benefits from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program — aka food stamps — to pay for those groceries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For individuals using SNAP, there's been a lot of bad rap about the quality of food that they purchase, and there's not been a lot of focus on trying to support individuals getting better-quality diets that has been successful,\" says lead researcher \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/profile/eric_brandt/\">Eric J. Brandt\u003c/a>, national clinician scholar at Yale University's School of Medicine. \"So I really hope that this is part of that pathway towards better quality and better health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, which was published by JAMA Network Open this month, looked at eight states in which SNAP recipients can \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/26/736181304/using-food-stamps-for-online-grocery-shopping-is-getting-easier\">use\u003c/a> their benefits to buy groceries online as part of the USDA pilot program: Alabama, Iowa, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Oregon and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within these states, the study found that nearly 93% of SNAP-eligible households in urban food deserts were located in areas that fully qualified for grocery delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brandt hopes the study is one step in finding more applicable solutions for people living in areas with high rates of food insecurity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What is already in place as a potential mechanism to improve their access to quality foods? Delivery, definitely,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the study, Brandt looked at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/03/13/174112591/how-to-find-a-food-desert-near-you\">USDA's Food Access Research Atlas\u003c/a> to find census tracts for areas classified as food deserts. Then he compared these results with all the stores that accept SNAP and also deliver to those locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while urban food deserts were overwhelmingly covered by delivery services offered through companies such as Instacart, Peapod and ShopRite, the results in rural areas were not nearly as promising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 59 rural census tracts analyzed, zero qualified for full grocery delivery. Thirty percent of them were partially deliverable to, and 69.5% of the tracts were not deliverable to at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference between partial and full delivery, Brandt explains, is a discrepancy in the two sets of data — while food deserts are measured by census tracts, delivery is determined by ZIP code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're mutually exclusive, and they don't define each other,\" he says. \"So that's why there's this middle category of partially deliverable, because some of the ZIP codes that were in the census tract for the food desert had delivery, but other ZIP codes in that same census tract did not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also the challenge of paying for the delivery itself. As of now, SNAP benefits in participating states can be used to purchase food online but not to pay for delivery fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie Companey, the director of grocery marketing at \u003ca href=\"https://valassis.com/\">Valassis\u003c/a>, a firm that conducts market-specific research, says that ordering groceries through a service like Instacart could lead to a potential upmark in prices compared with the costs in stores. But for some SNAP recipients, the convenience of ordering online may still outweigh these hurdles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companey points to a 2017 \u003ca href=\"https://blog.fieldagent.net/food-stamps-users-surveyed-about-bopis-grocery-delivery\">survey\u003c/a> of SNAP recipients crowdsourced by Field Agent, a retail-auditing firm, in which 51% of respondents said they were \"completely likely\" to buy groceries online for pickup or delivery if given the option, even with additional delivery fees. The top three reasons respondents gave for choosing to order online were convenience, being able to pay for their groceries without other shoppers seeing they were using SNAP benefits and, for parents, not having to navigate the grocery store with their kids in tow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brandt says there's hope that these additional cost challenges, like delivery fees, can be addressed through the pilot program in the future. For now, he says the study is proof that maybe allowing more SNAP recipients to turn to online grocery delivery could mean an overall increase in the quality of food they're putting on the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot program will run for two years, until April 2021, at which point it will undergo review to ensure that all online transactions are secure and run without technical difficulties. The USDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.fns.usda.gov/pressrelease/2017/fns-000117\">hopes\u003c/a> to eventually expand the program nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Obesity is Linked to Food Insecurity. SNAP Cuts May Make Both Worse.",
"title": "Obesity is Linked to Food Insecurity. SNAP Cuts May Make Both Worse.",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This op-ed originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/12/16/787793287/opinion-obesity-is-linked-to-food-insecurity-cutting-snap-benefits-may-worsen-bo\">NPR Food\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elsa Pearson, MPH, is a senior policy analyst at Boston University School of Public Health. She's on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/epearsonbusph?lang=en\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">@epearsonbusph\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closest grocery store is a few miles away and your paycheck doesn't clear until Friday. You even skipped lunch. With no car, only a few dollars and kids at home, you decide dinner will have to, yet again, be the local fast food restaurant within walking distance. It's cost effective, but you're already bracing for the \"healthy weight\" conversation at the pediatrician's next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics.aspx#foodsecure\">11\u003c/a>% of all households in the United States are food insecure. They worry about running out of food and rationing what they do have. It is clear food insecurity leads to \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0645\">poorer health\u003c/a>. Regardless of age, food insecure individuals are more likely to struggle with anxiety and depression. Children are at higher risk for asthma, malnutrition and cognitive problems. Non-elderly adults are more likely to have hypertension and diabetes, and seniors see limitations in their daily activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The connection between food insecurity and obesity may seem less obvious. New data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus18.pdf?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosvitals&stream=top\">one in five kids\u003c/a> in America is obese, with rates rising in adults to two in five, and recent research suggests the link between the two may be stronger than we think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11789923']For example, in a small study of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26377352\">2-to-8 year-old Hispanic children\u003c/a> and their mothers, being food insecure increased the chances the children would also be obese. A much bigger study including almost 10,000 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25737437\">6-to-11 year-old children\u003c/a> found a similar connection. In adults, food insecurity has been found to be associated with a higher risk of obesity in \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195666316310236?via%3Dihub\">white and Hispanic women\u003c/a>. (Interestingly, the researchers didn't find any link in men or black women.) Plus, after studying \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/first-nations-food-insecurity_ca_5dc32058e4b005513881f6ab\">Canada's First Nations population\u003c/a> for a decade, researchers linked higher rates of food insecurity to higher rates of obesity and diabetes when compared with the country's general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The connection now seems clear, but how does less food lead to more weight for some people?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One researcher suggests it's due to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126969\">scarcity hypothesis\u003c/a> — when food is hard to find, the body prepares by seeking calorie-dense food and storing up energy in fat tissue. Dr. Emily Dhurandhar from Texas Tech University argues that the overabundance of high-calorie food in a neighborhood isn't enough to magically cause obesity; there must also be a physiological signal to save energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Dhurandhar's theory may be hard to quantify or address through policy. However, certain neighborhood factors do increase an individual's likelihood of being food insecure and, it turns out, are also associated with a higher risk of obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, living in a food desert can negatively impact your health, putting you at higher risk of becoming overweight or obese. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2011/december/data-feature-mapping-food-deserts-in-the-us/\">Food deserts\u003c/a> are low-income communities where stores to buy fruits, vegetables and other whole foods are either too far away or don't exist at all. Even when controlling for individual and household factors, such as diet and exercise or household education level, living in a food desert is linked to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985622\">higher risk of obesity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research has shown that not only does distance to the grocery store matter, but so do the store's prices. Lower prices have been associated with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22698052/\">higher rates of obesity\u003c/a>. That's because stores with higher prices place more emphasis on displaying and marketing healthy food, but their healthy food is then often unaffordable. Lower prices mean more affordable food — but also often lower quality and nutritional value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, living in a food swamp can also increase your risk of obesity. What food deserts lack in healthy options, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/12/food-swamps/549275/\">food swamps\u003c/a> make up for in fast food and junk food; what's available is high in calories, sodium and sugar. Research suggests food swamps may actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29135909\">be better\u003c/a> at predicting local obesity patterns than food deserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the link between food insecurity and obesity is as significant as it seems, what can we do to fix it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, we can improve the options available in food insecure neighborhoods, with an emphasis on fresh produce and whole foods. At the same time, we should work to lower the cost of healthy food and improve stores' marketing strategies. In fact, lowering prices may offer \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25217097\">more relief\u003c/a> than simply adding more grocery stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a broader level, federal policies can also alleviate individual barriers to good food. Food assistance programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (\u003ca href=\"https://theincidentaleconomist.com/wordpress/proposed-eligibility-changes-to-snap-may-be-harmful-to-your-health/\">SNAP\u003c/a>) and WIC (a similar assistance program for mothers and children), and even Medicaid all help. The relationship between SNAP benefits and food insecurity is \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05265\">clear\u003c/a> — those who lose their benefits become more food insecure. Research suggests that gaining \u003ca href=\"https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305168\">Medicaid coverage\u003c/a> through the Affordable Care Act also improves food security by alleviating health care expenses that previously diverted family resources away from food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past year, the Trump administration has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/04/us/politics/trump-food-stamp-cuts.html\">proposed\u003c/a> cutting back food stamp eligibility three separate times to save money. One of those rule changes, scheduled to take effect next April, may \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/04/784732180/nearly-700-000-snap-recipients-could-lose-benefits-under-new-trump-rule\">kick nearly 700,000 people off SNAP\u003c/a>. Doing so may help the federal budget, but it may also increase rates of food insecurity and \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-the-trump-administrations-proposed-food-stamp-cutbacks-could-worsen-the-obesity-crisis-2019-10-14\">fuel\u003c/a> the current obesity epidemic. As these two issues threaten the health of our communities, federal policies and community-based interventions are significant players in our fight to reduce the rates of both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This op-ed originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/12/16/787793287/opinion-obesity-is-linked-to-food-insecurity-cutting-snap-benefits-may-worsen-bo\">NPR Food\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elsa Pearson, MPH, is a senior policy analyst at Boston University School of Public Health. She's on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/epearsonbusph?lang=en\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">@epearsonbusph\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closest grocery store is a few miles away and your paycheck doesn't clear until Friday. You even skipped lunch. With no car, only a few dollars and kids at home, you decide dinner will have to, yet again, be the local fast food restaurant within walking distance. It's cost effective, but you're already bracing for the \"healthy weight\" conversation at the pediatrician's next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics.aspx#foodsecure\">11\u003c/a>% of all households in the United States are food insecure. They worry about running out of food and rationing what they do have. It is clear food insecurity leads to \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0645\">poorer health\u003c/a>. Regardless of age, food insecure individuals are more likely to struggle with anxiety and depression. Children are at higher risk for asthma, malnutrition and cognitive problems. Non-elderly adults are more likely to have hypertension and diabetes, and seniors see limitations in their daily activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The connection between food insecurity and obesity may seem less obvious. New data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus18.pdf?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosvitals&stream=top\">one in five kids\u003c/a> in America is obese, with rates rising in adults to two in five, and recent research suggests the link between the two may be stronger than we think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For example, in a small study of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26377352\">2-to-8 year-old Hispanic children\u003c/a> and their mothers, being food insecure increased the chances the children would also be obese. A much bigger study including almost 10,000 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25737437\">6-to-11 year-old children\u003c/a> found a similar connection. In adults, food insecurity has been found to be associated with a higher risk of obesity in \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195666316310236?via%3Dihub\">white and Hispanic women\u003c/a>. (Interestingly, the researchers didn't find any link in men or black women.) Plus, after studying \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/first-nations-food-insecurity_ca_5dc32058e4b005513881f6ab\">Canada's First Nations population\u003c/a> for a decade, researchers linked higher rates of food insecurity to higher rates of obesity and diabetes when compared with the country's general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The connection now seems clear, but how does less food lead to more weight for some people?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One researcher suggests it's due to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126969\">scarcity hypothesis\u003c/a> — when food is hard to find, the body prepares by seeking calorie-dense food and storing up energy in fat tissue. Dr. Emily Dhurandhar from Texas Tech University argues that the overabundance of high-calorie food in a neighborhood isn't enough to magically cause obesity; there must also be a physiological signal to save energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Dhurandhar's theory may be hard to quantify or address through policy. However, certain neighborhood factors do increase an individual's likelihood of being food insecure and, it turns out, are also associated with a higher risk of obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, living in a food desert can negatively impact your health, putting you at higher risk of becoming overweight or obese. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2011/december/data-feature-mapping-food-deserts-in-the-us/\">Food deserts\u003c/a> are low-income communities where stores to buy fruits, vegetables and other whole foods are either too far away or don't exist at all. Even when controlling for individual and household factors, such as diet and exercise or household education level, living in a food desert is linked to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985622\">higher risk of obesity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research has shown that not only does distance to the grocery store matter, but so do the store's prices. Lower prices have been associated with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22698052/\">higher rates of obesity\u003c/a>. That's because stores with higher prices place more emphasis on displaying and marketing healthy food, but their healthy food is then often unaffordable. Lower prices mean more affordable food — but also often lower quality and nutritional value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, living in a food swamp can also increase your risk of obesity. What food deserts lack in healthy options, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/12/food-swamps/549275/\">food swamps\u003c/a> make up for in fast food and junk food; what's available is high in calories, sodium and sugar. Research suggests food swamps may actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29135909\">be better\u003c/a> at predicting local obesity patterns than food deserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the link between food insecurity and obesity is as significant as it seems, what can we do to fix it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, we can improve the options available in food insecure neighborhoods, with an emphasis on fresh produce and whole foods. At the same time, we should work to lower the cost of healthy food and improve stores' marketing strategies. In fact, lowering prices may offer \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25217097\">more relief\u003c/a> than simply adding more grocery stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a broader level, federal policies can also alleviate individual barriers to good food. Food assistance programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (\u003ca href=\"https://theincidentaleconomist.com/wordpress/proposed-eligibility-changes-to-snap-may-be-harmful-to-your-health/\">SNAP\u003c/a>) and WIC (a similar assistance program for mothers and children), and even Medicaid all help. The relationship between SNAP benefits and food insecurity is \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05265\">clear\u003c/a> — those who lose their benefits become more food insecure. Research suggests that gaining \u003ca href=\"https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305168\">Medicaid coverage\u003c/a> through the Affordable Care Act also improves food security by alleviating health care expenses that previously diverted family resources away from food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past year, the Trump administration has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/04/us/politics/trump-food-stamp-cuts.html\">proposed\u003c/a> cutting back food stamp eligibility three separate times to save money. One of those rule changes, scheduled to take effect next April, may \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/04/784732180/nearly-700-000-snap-recipients-could-lose-benefits-under-new-trump-rule\">kick nearly 700,000 people off SNAP\u003c/a>. Doing so may help the federal budget, but it may also increase rates of food insecurity and \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-the-trump-administrations-proposed-food-stamp-cutbacks-could-worsen-the-obesity-crisis-2019-10-14\">fuel\u003c/a> the current obesity epidemic. As these two issues threaten the health of our communities, federal policies and community-based interventions are significant players in our fight to reduce the rates of both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>UPDATE: 3:25 p.m., Nov. 26\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has confirmed four cases in California related to the E. coli outbreak: in Marin, Ventura and Orange counties, and in a fourth unidentified small county in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In two of cases, both patients—a Marin County resident in September and an Orange County resident in October—were not hospitalized and have since recovered. No details were confirmed about the other two cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reporting by Peter Jon Shuler\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>__________________________________\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='bayareabites_131475' label='More Lettuce News']\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cstrong>This original article from the Associated Press was published Nov. 22:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. health officials on Friday told people to avoid romaine lettuce grown in Salinas because of another food poisoning outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warning comes almost exactly one year after a similar outbreak led to a blanket warning about tainted romaine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officials urged people not to eat the leafy green if the label doesn’t say where it was grown. They also urged supermarkets and restaurants not to serve or sell the lettuce, unless they’re sure it’s grown elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say the warning applies to all types of romaine from the Salinas region, include whole heads, hearts of romaine and pre-cut salad mixes that have romaine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is investigating an E. coli outbreak that has sickened 40 people in more than a dozen states. The agency said its inquiry led investigators to farms in Salinas and that they were looking for the contamination source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romaine has been tied to repeated food poisoning outbreaks, including \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/6dbebae486064291bccd840bca1ab996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the one right before Thanksgiving last year\u003c/a>. It’s not clear exactly why romaine keeps sickening people, but food safety experts note the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/85ccda34a1604d47a72c48ea905ffae3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">difficulty of eliminating risk\u003c/a> for produce grown in open fields and eaten raw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very, very disturbing. Very frustrating all around,” said Trevor Suslow of the Produce Marketing Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>UPDATE: 3:25 p.m., Nov. 26\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has confirmed four cases in California related to the E. coli outbreak: in Marin, Ventura and Orange counties, and in a fourth unidentified small county in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In two of cases, both patients—a Marin County resident in September and an Orange County resident in October—were not hospitalized and have since recovered. No details were confirmed about the other two cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reporting by Peter Jon Shuler\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>__________________________________\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cstrong>This original article from the Associated Press was published Nov. 22:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. health officials on Friday told people to avoid romaine lettuce grown in Salinas because of another food poisoning outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warning comes almost exactly one year after a similar outbreak led to a blanket warning about tainted romaine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officials urged people not to eat the leafy green if the label doesn’t say where it was grown. They also urged supermarkets and restaurants not to serve or sell the lettuce, unless they’re sure it’s grown elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say the warning applies to all types of romaine from the Salinas region, include whole heads, hearts of romaine and pre-cut salad mixes that have romaine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is investigating an E. coli outbreak that has sickened 40 people in more than a dozen states. The agency said its inquiry led investigators to farms in Salinas and that they were looking for the contamination source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romaine has been tied to repeated food poisoning outbreaks, including \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/6dbebae486064291bccd840bca1ab996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the one right before Thanksgiving last year\u003c/a>. It’s not clear exactly why romaine keeps sickening people, but food safety experts note the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/85ccda34a1604d47a72c48ea905ffae3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">difficulty of eliminating risk\u003c/a> for produce grown in open fields and eaten raw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very, very disturbing. Very frustrating all around,” said Trevor Suslow of the Produce Marketing Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11677876' label='More Nestlé News on KQED']\u003cbr>\nNestlé, the maker of cereals, coffee, ice cream and delicious treats, announced some not-to-sweet news: The company is recalling some of its signature ready-to-bake Toll House Cookie Dough products \"due to the potential presence of food-grade rubber pieces,\" according to a company \u003ca href=\"https://www.nestleusa.com/media/pressreleases/allpressreleases/nestle-usa-announces-voluntary-recall-of-nestle-toll-house-and-mms-cookie-dough-products\">press release\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nestlé USA says the recall is voluntary and only impacts products distributed throughout the U.S. and Puerto Rico. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 26 recalled products include, bars, tubs and \"chubs\" — the packages shaped like tubes — and include Holiday Chocolate Chip Tree Sprinkle, Ultimate Chocolate Chip Lovers, Pinch of Grinch Cookie Dough and Monster Munch varieties. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This recall is limited only to ready-to-bake refrigerated products below, with batch codes that begin with 9189 through batch codes that begin with 9295,\" Nestlé USA said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company adds that the four-digit batch code can be found after the \"use or freeze by\" date and following the number 5753 on the packaging. A full list of impacted batches can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.nestleusa.com/sites/g/files/pydnoa536/files/2019-10/Cookie-Dough-Recall-Full-Product-List.pdf\">found here\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nestlé said it has not received any reports of consumers falling ill or becoming injured. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nestlé USA advises those who have purchased products on the its list of potentially contaminated packages \"should not prepare or consume them but should instead discard the product.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company adds that it's working with the Food and Drug Administration on the matter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/01/775465043/not-so-sweet-nestl-issues-recall-due-to-possible-rubber-in-cookie-dough\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nNestlé, the maker of cereals, coffee, ice cream and delicious treats, announced some not-to-sweet news: The company is recalling some of its signature ready-to-bake Toll House Cookie Dough products \"due to the potential presence of food-grade rubber pieces,\" according to a company \u003ca href=\"https://www.nestleusa.com/media/pressreleases/allpressreleases/nestle-usa-announces-voluntary-recall-of-nestle-toll-house-and-mms-cookie-dough-products\">press release\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nestlé USA says the recall is voluntary and only impacts products distributed throughout the U.S. and Puerto Rico. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 26 recalled products include, bars, tubs and \"chubs\" — the packages shaped like tubes — and include Holiday Chocolate Chip Tree Sprinkle, Ultimate Chocolate Chip Lovers, Pinch of Grinch Cookie Dough and Monster Munch varieties. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This recall is limited only to ready-to-bake refrigerated products below, with batch codes that begin with 9189 through batch codes that begin with 9295,\" Nestlé USA said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company adds that the four-digit batch code can be found after the \"use or freeze by\" date and following the number 5753 on the packaging. A full list of impacted batches can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.nestleusa.com/sites/g/files/pydnoa536/files/2019-10/Cookie-Dough-Recall-Full-Product-List.pdf\">found here\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nestlé said it has not received any reports of consumers falling ill or becoming injured. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nestlé USA advises those who have purchased products on the its list of potentially contaminated packages \"should not prepare or consume them but should instead discard the product.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company adds that it's working with the Food and Drug Administration on the matter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/01/775465043/not-so-sweet-nestl-issues-recall-due-to-possible-rubber-in-cookie-dough\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Special Ingredient in This Gelato? Buffalo Milk",
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"content": "\u003cp>[aside postID='bayareabites_133544,bayareabites_96988' label='More Frozen Treats' target=_]\u003cbr>\nYulia and Kal Morsey could never have predicted their current life. She’s a trained psychologist from Russia. He’s a former banker and businessman. But here they are running their own water buffalo dairy farm, a restaurant in Palo Alto and now \u003ca href=\"http://morseyscreamery.com/\">Morsey’s Creamery\u003c/a>, the only ice cream shop south of San Francisco producing gelato with water buffalo milk (residents and visitors located north can find buffalo milk gelato at Pt. Reyes's \u003ca href=\"https://palacemarket.com/\">Palace Market\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a child, Kal Morsey recalls how common it was to consume water buffalo milk dairy products in Egypt. In fact, he says Egyptians have always seen it as a better quality milk overall. “The difference between water buffalo’s milk and cow’s milk is quite substantial in taste, flavor, and texture. In this country, there are so many big-name gourmet foods and you still can’t find any buffalo milk at the store.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yulia agrees, especially when it comes to ice cream. \"I tried buffalo’s milk ice cream when I visited Egypt while we were dating 35 years ago. I had never tasted anything like it. The memory of that stayed with me all these years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134897\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-134897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo.jpg\" alt=\"Morsey’s Creamery, the only ice cream shop in the Bay Area producing gelato with water buffalo milk.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morsey’s Creamery, the only ice cream shop in the Bay Area producing gelato with water buffalo milk. \u003ccite>(Elaine Wu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After living in the States for several decades, he never gave up hope of finding the dairy foods of his youth. Seven years ago, he decided to visit the only buffalo farm he could find in California, Double 8 Dairy in Petaluma. To this day, Double 8 Dairy still supplies restaurants (and Palace Market) with buffalo milk gelato — owner Andrew Zlot opened a gelato kiosk in 2014 but the location eventually closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, Kal was told that mainstream buffalo’s milk products just didn’t exist. That’s when he decided to take matters into his own hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only buffalo breeder we knew of was in Texas. So I decided to buy six water buffaloes from them to start with. Stupid, I know,” he recalls. “I kept thinking, what do I do next? What am I gonna do with these water buffalo? I got so invested in the idea of it being the next big thing. Then all of a sudden, I realized I should open a restaurant so I could use our dairy products and spread the word.” Said restaurant, Morsey’s Farmhouse, finally opened in Los Altos in early 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134893\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-134893\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella.jpg\" alt=\"The Morsey’s fresh water buffalo milk mozzarella.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Morsey’s fresh water buffalo milk mozzarella. \u003ccite>(Elaine Wu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days, the Morseys have their own 50-acre ranch outside of Sacramento with 400 water buffalo. They also have their own dairy plant on site where they make their own buffalo's milk dairy products, all of which they use and sell in their restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the Morseys decided to potentially open a gelato shop, they began hiring culinary consultants from Italy and Southern California to help develop their recipes. But the journey was difficult because \"nobody knew how to work with buffalo milk and turn it into cream. It’s a completely different composition than cow’s milk. We failed so many times. This gelato recipe that we use now took us 3 years to make.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re not skimping on their other ingredients either. Besides staying away from anything artificial, their neighbor's hive produces their shop’s honey, they roast their own Cecilian pistachios and they use premium Belgian chocolate. “But we think the gelato itself is the star,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134894\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-134894\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Various flavors of water buffalo milk gelato at Morsey’s Creamery. \u003ccite>(Elaine Wu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Convincing Americans that buffalo milk is the next big thing has also been a challenge. Kal Morsey believes, “When Americans hear ‘buffalo milk’ they think gaminess. But there is absolutely no gaminess. It’s actually sweeter and creamier than cow’s milk, but not heavy. It’s the way milk should taste. And it has three times the fat content of cow’s milk, but is two-thirds lower in cholesterol. It’s also higher in protein.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And there’s no aftertaste,” adds Yulia. ”In the end, it’s all about taste. I don’t need to convince anybody if they just try it. You should see the reaction from people after they’ve tried the gelato. I love to see their faces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134895\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-134895\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor.jpg\" alt=\"Pistachio flavor water buffalo milk gelato from Morsey’s Creamery.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor-900x1200.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pistachio flavor water buffalo milk gelato from Morsey’s Creamery. \u003ccite>(Elaine Wu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since opening Morsey’s Creamery just this past August, business has been strong for their tiny shop on University Avenue in Palo Alto. And they've seen a steady yet noticeable increase every week they've been open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the money and hard work the Morseys have invested, Yulia believes it’s all been worth it. “It feels like a mission and I have to share this passion. I truly believe our time is not wasted with this. People deserve to eat better. It’s hard work but even if it doesn’t work out, at least we can say we tried.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kal adds, “In life, you don’t always choose your path. Sometimes your path chooses you.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nYulia and Kal Morsey could never have predicted their current life. She’s a trained psychologist from Russia. He’s a former banker and businessman. But here they are running their own water buffalo dairy farm, a restaurant in Palo Alto and now \u003ca href=\"http://morseyscreamery.com/\">Morsey’s Creamery\u003c/a>, the only ice cream shop south of San Francisco producing gelato with water buffalo milk (residents and visitors located north can find buffalo milk gelato at Pt. Reyes's \u003ca href=\"https://palacemarket.com/\">Palace Market\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a child, Kal Morsey recalls how common it was to consume water buffalo milk dairy products in Egypt. In fact, he says Egyptians have always seen it as a better quality milk overall. “The difference between water buffalo’s milk and cow’s milk is quite substantial in taste, flavor, and texture. In this country, there are so many big-name gourmet foods and you still can’t find any buffalo milk at the store.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yulia agrees, especially when it comes to ice cream. \"I tried buffalo’s milk ice cream when I visited Egypt while we were dating 35 years ago. I had never tasted anything like it. The memory of that stayed with me all these years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134897\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-134897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo.jpg\" alt=\"Morsey’s Creamery, the only ice cream shop in the Bay Area producing gelato with water buffalo milk.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/morseys-creamery-logo-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morsey’s Creamery, the only ice cream shop in the Bay Area producing gelato with water buffalo milk. \u003ccite>(Elaine Wu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After living in the States for several decades, he never gave up hope of finding the dairy foods of his youth. Seven years ago, he decided to visit the only buffalo farm he could find in California, Double 8 Dairy in Petaluma. To this day, Double 8 Dairy still supplies restaurants (and Palace Market) with buffalo milk gelato — owner Andrew Zlot opened a gelato kiosk in 2014 but the location eventually closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, Kal was told that mainstream buffalo’s milk products just didn’t exist. That’s when he decided to take matters into his own hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only buffalo breeder we knew of was in Texas. So I decided to buy six water buffaloes from them to start with. Stupid, I know,” he recalls. “I kept thinking, what do I do next? What am I gonna do with these water buffalo? I got so invested in the idea of it being the next big thing. Then all of a sudden, I realized I should open a restaurant so I could use our dairy products and spread the word.” Said restaurant, Morsey’s Farmhouse, finally opened in Los Altos in early 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134893\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-134893\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella.jpg\" alt=\"The Morsey’s fresh water buffalo milk mozzarella.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-milk-mozzarella-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Morsey’s fresh water buffalo milk mozzarella. \u003ccite>(Elaine Wu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days, the Morseys have their own 50-acre ranch outside of Sacramento with 400 water buffalo. They also have their own dairy plant on site where they make their own buffalo's milk dairy products, all of which they use and sell in their restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the Morseys decided to potentially open a gelato shop, they began hiring culinary consultants from Italy and Southern California to help develop their recipes. But the journey was difficult because \"nobody knew how to work with buffalo milk and turn it into cream. It’s a completely different composition than cow’s milk. We failed so many times. This gelato recipe that we use now took us 3 years to make.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re not skimping on their other ingredients either. Besides staying away from anything artificial, their neighbor's hive produces their shop’s honey, they roast their own Cecilian pistachios and they use premium Belgian chocolate. “But we think the gelato itself is the star,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134894\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-134894\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/water-buffalo-gelato-flavors-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Various flavors of water buffalo milk gelato at Morsey’s Creamery. \u003ccite>(Elaine Wu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Convincing Americans that buffalo milk is the next big thing has also been a challenge. Kal Morsey believes, “When Americans hear ‘buffalo milk’ they think gaminess. But there is absolutely no gaminess. It’s actually sweeter and creamier than cow’s milk, but not heavy. It’s the way milk should taste. And it has three times the fat content of cow’s milk, but is two-thirds lower in cholesterol. It’s also higher in protein.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And there’s no aftertaste,” adds Yulia. ”In the end, it’s all about taste. I don’t need to convince anybody if they just try it. You should see the reaction from people after they’ve tried the gelato. I love to see their faces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134895\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-134895\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor.jpg\" alt=\"Pistachio flavor water buffalo milk gelato from Morsey’s Creamery.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/pistachio-gelato-flavor-900x1200.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pistachio flavor water buffalo milk gelato from Morsey’s Creamery. \u003ccite>(Elaine Wu/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since opening Morsey’s Creamery just this past August, business has been strong for their tiny shop on University Avenue in Palo Alto. And they've seen a steady yet noticeable increase every week they've been open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the money and hard work the Morseys have invested, Yulia believes it’s all been worth it. “It feels like a mission and I have to share this passion. I truly believe our time is not wasted with this. People deserve to eat better. It’s hard work but even if it doesn’t work out, at least we can say we tried.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kal adds, “In life, you don’t always choose your path. Sometimes your path chooses you.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "When Efforts To Eat 'Clean' Become An Unhealthy Obsession",
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"content": "\u003cp> [aside postID='bayareabites_134729,bayareabites_134201' label='More on Clean Eating']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it's gluten-free, dairy-free, raw food, or all-organic, many people these days are committed to so-called \"clean eating\" — the idea that choosing only whole foods in their natural state and avoiding processed ones can improve health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not necessarily a bad thing to eat this way, but sometimes these kinds of food preferences can begin to take over people's lives, making them fear social events where they won't be able to find the \"right\" foods. When a healthful eating pattern goes too far, it may turn into an eating disorder that scientists are just beginning to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Everakes, 25, is a public relations account executive from Chicago. As a kid, he struggled with being overweight. In his teens and 20s, he tried to diet, and he gained and lost and regained about 100 pounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he moved to Los Angeles after college, he took his diet to a new level. He started working out twice a day. At one point, he ate just 10 foods — \"Spinach, chicken, egg whites, red peppers — because green peppers make you bloated — spaghetti squash, asparagus, salmon, berries, unsweetened almond milk, almond butter,\" Everakes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went from 250 pounds at his heaviest, down to 140. He posted pictures of his six-pack abs and his\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\"clean\" diet online and was praised for it. He felt virtuous, but at the same time, he was starving, tired and lonely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My life literally was modeled to put myself away from destruction of my fitness,\" Everakes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He became afraid to eat certain foods. He worked at home to avoid office parties where he'd have to eat in front of others. He didn't go out or make friends because he didn't want to have to explain his diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out Everakes was struggling with something called orthorexia nervosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orthorexia is a fairly recent phenomenon. Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://www.orthorexia.com\">Steven Bratman\u003c/a>, an alternative medicine practitioner in the 1990s, first coined the term in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.orthorexia.com/original-orthorexia-essay/\">essay\u003c/a> in the nonscientific \u003cem>Yoga Journal\u003c/em> in 1997. Many of his patients eschewed traditional medicine and believed that the key to good health was simply eating the \"right\" foods. Some of them would ask him what foods they should cut out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134968\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/orthorexia-clean-eating-1_enl-ef6455f001273b6490ef00992dc0c71071b3977c-e1570463420973.jpg\" alt=\"Whether it's gluten or dairy, many people avoid certain types of foods. Sometimes food avoidance can turn into fear, obsession and even veer into an eating disorder that scientists are just beginning to study.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" class=\"size-full wp-image-134968\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Whether it's gluten or dairy, many people avoid certain types of foods. Sometimes food avoidance can turn into fear, obsession and even veer into an eating disorder that scientists are just beginning to study. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"People would think they should cut out all dairy and they should cut out all lentils, all wheat ... And it dawned on me gradually that many of these patients, their primary problem was that they were ... far too strict with themselves,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Bratman made up the name orthorexia,\u003cem> \u003c/em>borrowing\u003cem> ortho\u003c/em> from the Greek word meaning \"right\" and \u003cem>-orexia\u003c/em> meaning \"appetite.\" He added \u003cem>nervosa\u003c/em> as a reference to \u003cem>anorexia nervosa\u003c/em>, the well-known eating disorder which causes people to starve themselves to be thin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From then on, whenever a patient would ask me what food to cut out, I would say, 'We need to work on your orthorexia.' This would often make them laugh and let them loosen up, and sometimes it helped people move from extremism to moderation,\" he recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bratman had no idea that the concept of \"clean eating\"\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>would explode over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where dieters once gobbled down no-sugar gelatin or fat-free shakes, now they might seek out organic kale and wild salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rise of celebrity diet gurus and glamorous food photos on social media reinforce the idea that eating only certain foods and avoiding others is a virtue — practically a religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sondrakronberg.com\">Sondra Kronberg\u003c/a>, founder and executive director of the Eating Disorder Treatment Collaborative outside New York City, has seen a lot of diet trends over the past 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So orthorexia is a reflection on a larger scale of the cultural perspective on 'eating cleanly,' eating ... healthfully, avoiding toxins — including foods that might have some 'super power,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Kronberg and other nutritionists applaud efforts to eat healthfully.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>The problem comes, she says, when you are so focused on your diet that \"it begins to infringe on the quality of your life — your ability to be spontaneous and engage.\" That's when you should start to worry about an eating disorder, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the case of orthorexia, it centers around eating 'cleanly' and purely, where the other eating disorders center around size and weight and a drive for thinness,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes these problems overlap, and some people who only eat \"clean\" foods miss critical nutrients from the foods they cut out or don't consume enough calories. \"It could become a health hazard and ultimately, it can be fatal,\" Kronberg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134969\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/orthorexia-7_enl-be6a21f7656e19fa42295b2c277c1cfbc156e76e-e1570463492211.jpg\" alt=\"The rise of celebrity diet gurus posting food photos on social media has reinforced the idea that eating only certain foods is a virtue.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" class=\"size-full wp-image-134969\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The rise of celebrity diet gurus posting food photos on social media has reinforced the idea that eating only certain foods is a virtue. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While people with these symptoms are showing up in clinics like Kronberg's, scientists don't agree on what orthorexia is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/psychiatrists/se-specter-md-phd-beverly-hills-ca/119623\">S.E. Specter\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist and nutrition scientist based in Beverly Hills who specializes in eating disorders, notes that there are only 145 published scientific articles on orthorexia. \"For anorexia nervosa, there are 16,064 published studies and for eating disorders in general, there are 41,258. So [orthorexia] doesn't stack up in terms of the knowledge base so far,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328844651_Definition_and_diagnostic_criteria_for_orthorexia_nervosa_a_narrative_review_of_the_literature\">review\u003c/a> of orthorexia studies published in the journal \u003cem>Eating and Weight Disorders\u003c/em> finds no common definition, standard diagnostic criteria, or reliable ways to measure orthorexia's psychological impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orthorexia is not listed specifically in the DSM — the \u003cem>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders \u003c/em>— but that doesn't mean it's untreatable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just think orthorexia is maybe a little bit too hard to pin down, or it's looked at as a piece of the other related disorders — the eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, and general anxiety disorder as well,\" Specter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To treat it, \"we have to look at the thought process and try to disentangle the beliefs that a person has. They become very entrenched,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a very kind of gradual process for ... many in terms of trying to back out of a need to always check to see that, you know, locks are locked or that a food is not going to be harmful to them — cause their skin to break out or increase their risk of cancer,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Everakes has been in treatment for two years. While he's still significantly underweight, he says he's happier and learning to see his diet a little differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everakes eats more freely on the weekends now and tries to add a new food every few days. He's made some friends who don't restrict their eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Everakes, taking control of his orthorexia is \"knowing that your world isn't going to come crashing down if you have like, a piece of pizza.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's managed this by taking baby steps. Instead of going right for a slice of standard pizza, he started with cauliflower crust pizza. He ordered frozen yogurt before going for full-fat ice cream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eating disorders can \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/28/698863824/how-eating-disorders-can-affect-anyone\">strike anyone\u003c/a>. Roughly 1 in 3 people struggling with eating disorders is male, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/learn/general-information/research-on-males\">National Eating Disorders Association\u003c/a>. And these disorders affect athletes at a higher rate than the rest of the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think you have orthorexia or any eating disorder, it's important to seek professional help and friends who support you, Everakes says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/10/07/766847274/when-efforts-to-eat-clean-become-an-unhealthy-obsession\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went from 250 pounds at his heaviest, down to 140. He posted pictures of his six-pack abs and his\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\"clean\" diet online and was praised for it. He felt virtuous, but at the same time, he was starving, tired and lonely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My life literally was modeled to put myself away from destruction of my fitness,\" Everakes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He became afraid to eat certain foods. He worked at home to avoid office parties where he'd have to eat in front of others. He didn't go out or make friends because he didn't want to have to explain his diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out Everakes was struggling with something called orthorexia nervosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orthorexia is a fairly recent phenomenon. Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://www.orthorexia.com\">Steven Bratman\u003c/a>, an alternative medicine practitioner in the 1990s, first coined the term in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.orthorexia.com/original-orthorexia-essay/\">essay\u003c/a> in the nonscientific \u003cem>Yoga Journal\u003c/em> in 1997. Many of his patients eschewed traditional medicine and believed that the key to good health was simply eating the \"right\" foods. Some of them would ask him what foods they should cut out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134968\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/orthorexia-clean-eating-1_enl-ef6455f001273b6490ef00992dc0c71071b3977c-e1570463420973.jpg\" alt=\"Whether it's gluten or dairy, many people avoid certain types of foods. Sometimes food avoidance can turn into fear, obsession and even veer into an eating disorder that scientists are just beginning to study.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" class=\"size-full wp-image-134968\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Whether it's gluten or dairy, many people avoid certain types of foods. Sometimes food avoidance can turn into fear, obsession and even veer into an eating disorder that scientists are just beginning to study. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"People would think they should cut out all dairy and they should cut out all lentils, all wheat ... And it dawned on me gradually that many of these patients, their primary problem was that they were ... far too strict with themselves,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Bratman made up the name orthorexia,\u003cem> \u003c/em>borrowing\u003cem> ortho\u003c/em> from the Greek word meaning \"right\" and \u003cem>-orexia\u003c/em> meaning \"appetite.\" He added \u003cem>nervosa\u003c/em> as a reference to \u003cem>anorexia nervosa\u003c/em>, the well-known eating disorder which causes people to starve themselves to be thin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From then on, whenever a patient would ask me what food to cut out, I would say, 'We need to work on your orthorexia.' This would often make them laugh and let them loosen up, and sometimes it helped people move from extremism to moderation,\" he recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bratman had no idea that the concept of \"clean eating\"\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>would explode over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where dieters once gobbled down no-sugar gelatin or fat-free shakes, now they might seek out organic kale and wild salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rise of celebrity diet gurus and glamorous food photos on social media reinforce the idea that eating only certain foods and avoiding others is a virtue — practically a religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sondrakronberg.com\">Sondra Kronberg\u003c/a>, founder and executive director of the Eating Disorder Treatment Collaborative outside New York City, has seen a lot of diet trends over the past 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So orthorexia is a reflection on a larger scale of the cultural perspective on 'eating cleanly,' eating ... healthfully, avoiding toxins — including foods that might have some 'super power,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Kronberg and other nutritionists applaud efforts to eat healthfully.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>The problem comes, she says, when you are so focused on your diet that \"it begins to infringe on the quality of your life — your ability to be spontaneous and engage.\" That's when you should start to worry about an eating disorder, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the case of orthorexia, it centers around eating 'cleanly' and purely, where the other eating disorders center around size and weight and a drive for thinness,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes these problems overlap, and some people who only eat \"clean\" foods miss critical nutrients from the foods they cut out or don't consume enough calories. \"It could become a health hazard and ultimately, it can be fatal,\" Kronberg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134969\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/orthorexia-7_enl-be6a21f7656e19fa42295b2c277c1cfbc156e76e-e1570463492211.jpg\" alt=\"The rise of celebrity diet gurus posting food photos on social media has reinforced the idea that eating only certain foods is a virtue.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" class=\"size-full wp-image-134969\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The rise of celebrity diet gurus posting food photos on social media has reinforced the idea that eating only certain foods is a virtue. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While people with these symptoms are showing up in clinics like Kronberg's, scientists don't agree on what orthorexia is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/psychiatrists/se-specter-md-phd-beverly-hills-ca/119623\">S.E. Specter\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist and nutrition scientist based in Beverly Hills who specializes in eating disorders, notes that there are only 145 published scientific articles on orthorexia. \"For anorexia nervosa, there are 16,064 published studies and for eating disorders in general, there are 41,258. So [orthorexia] doesn't stack up in terms of the knowledge base so far,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328844651_Definition_and_diagnostic_criteria_for_orthorexia_nervosa_a_narrative_review_of_the_literature\">review\u003c/a> of orthorexia studies published in the journal \u003cem>Eating and Weight Disorders\u003c/em> finds no common definition, standard diagnostic criteria, or reliable ways to measure orthorexia's psychological impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orthorexia is not listed specifically in the DSM — the \u003cem>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders \u003c/em>— but that doesn't mean it's untreatable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just think orthorexia is maybe a little bit too hard to pin down, or it's looked at as a piece of the other related disorders — the eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, and general anxiety disorder as well,\" Specter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To treat it, \"we have to look at the thought process and try to disentangle the beliefs that a person has. They become very entrenched,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a very kind of gradual process for ... many in terms of trying to back out of a need to always check to see that, you know, locks are locked or that a food is not going to be harmful to them — cause their skin to break out or increase their risk of cancer,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Everakes has been in treatment for two years. While he's still significantly underweight, he says he's happier and learning to see his diet a little differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everakes eats more freely on the weekends now and tries to add a new food every few days. He's made some friends who don't restrict their eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Everakes, taking control of his orthorexia is \"knowing that your world isn't going to come crashing down if you have like, a piece of pizza.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's managed this by taking baby steps. Instead of going right for a slice of standard pizza, he started with cauliflower crust pizza. He ordered frozen yogurt before going for full-fat ice cream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eating disorders can \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/28/698863824/how-eating-disorders-can-affect-anyone\">strike anyone\u003c/a>. Roughly 1 in 3 people struggling with eating disorders is male, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/learn/general-information/research-on-males\">National Eating Disorders Association\u003c/a>. And these disorders affect athletes at a higher rate than the rest of the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think you have orthorexia or any eating disorder, it's important to seek professional help and friends who support you, Everakes says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/10/07/766847274/when-efforts-to-eat-clean-become-an-unhealthy-obsession\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[aside postID='bayareabites_99587,food_1331628' label='Find More Fish on KQED']\u003cbr>\n\u003ci>Meen Kulambu\u003c/i> is a rustic countryside comfort food enjoyed on the Indian coastline, as well as in Singapore and Malaysia. In different regions, you will find this dish in a variety of forms and under different names, but they will all contain the same core ingredients. This dish, though viewed as a poor man’s staple, is enjoyed by all socio-economic groups as the flavor profile speaks for itself. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the fish — seafood is an excellent source of protein, vitamins A and D, minerals, and omega fatty acids that help nourish the bodies of the people who have a very challenging, and in many cases, impoverished lifestyle. In this recipe, Indian King Fish, pomfret, red snapper, salmon, cleaned whole sardines, etc. all would work, but avoid using tuna steaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, there are spices and herbs that help elevate the dish in both health benefits and flavor. Tamarind has beneficial effects in decreasing inflammation and is a natural analgesic. Turmeric, with its bright yellow/orangish hue, is loaded with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and glucose-lowering properties. Lastly, black pepper, fenugreek, and garlic share natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delicate use of sweet and sour with spicy ingredients in this dish lends just the right balance to delight the taste buds. As my mother before me, I use tamarind, turmeric, black pepper, fenugreek, and garlic to the dish along with fresh, tangy tomatoes to allow the flavors of different ingredients to intermingle and complement one another. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Note:\u003c/b> Tamarind concentrate, fresh curry leaves, Turmeric, and Fenugreek seeds are readily available in local Indian markets like Cash and Carry and Patel Brothers. The spices are also available at Whole Foods Market.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Meen Kulambu\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Serves 4-6\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134884\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1296px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2.jpg\" alt=\"The finished meen kulambu can be served with rice, polenta, etc.\" width=\"1296\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-134884\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2.jpg 1296w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2-160x133.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2-800x667.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2-768x640.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2-1020x850.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2-1200x1000.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1296px) 100vw, 1296px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The finished meen kulambu can be served with rice, polenta, etc. \u003ccite>(Dr. Priya Jagannathan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>1 pound of cleaned fish steaks\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 large red onion, diced (white onion can be substituted)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>2 cups of crushed tomatoes or 2 cups of tomato sauce\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 head of peeled garlic (slit each clove in half ) \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 tsp of Kashmiri or conventional chili powder\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>2 tsp of ground organic turmeric\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 tsp of ground black pepper\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>2 tbsp of tamarind concentrate dissolved in 1 cup of hot water\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 tsp of dried fenugreek seeds\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>½ tsp of black mustard seeds\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>2 sprigs of curry leaves\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1½ tbsp of sesame oil \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 cup of fresh cilantro, chopped\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Instructions:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Clean the fish under running water and pat dry. Combine 1 teaspoon of turmeric, 1 teaspoon of ground black pepper and ½ teaspoon of oil, and marinate fish with the mixture in the refrigerator for 30 minutes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Heat a large nonstick wok or pot over a low flame (low heat if using an electric stove) and add 1 tablespoon of sesame oil. Add the fenugreek and roast gently.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add the curry leaves (washed and dried), slit garlic cloves, and mustard seeds to the pot. Allow the mustard seeds to splutter gently in the oil and then add onions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When the onions are lightly browned, add the chili powder, remaining turmeric, and the crushed tomatoes or sauce. Cook for 10 minutes on medium heat.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add the dissolved tamarind to the mixture and allow to gently simmer over medium heat. Salt to taste. Water can be added to thin out mixture into a sauce consistency.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>As the sauce simmers, lower the temperature to low heat, and gently layer the fish into the sauce. Cover and allow to simmer gently over low heat for 10-15 minutes until the fish is cooked through.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add chopped cilantro and serve with steamed white rice, brown rice, quinoa, or polenta.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003ci>Meen Kulambu\u003c/i> is a rustic countryside comfort food enjoyed on the Indian coastline, as well as in Singapore and Malaysia. In different regions, you will find this dish in a variety of forms and under different names, but they will all contain the same core ingredients. This dish, though viewed as a poor man’s staple, is enjoyed by all socio-economic groups as the flavor profile speaks for itself. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the fish — seafood is an excellent source of protein, vitamins A and D, minerals, and omega fatty acids that help nourish the bodies of the people who have a very challenging, and in many cases, impoverished lifestyle. In this recipe, Indian King Fish, pomfret, red snapper, salmon, cleaned whole sardines, etc. all would work, but avoid using tuna steaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, there are spices and herbs that help elevate the dish in both health benefits and flavor. Tamarind has beneficial effects in decreasing inflammation and is a natural analgesic. Turmeric, with its bright yellow/orangish hue, is loaded with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and glucose-lowering properties. Lastly, black pepper, fenugreek, and garlic share natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delicate use of sweet and sour with spicy ingredients in this dish lends just the right balance to delight the taste buds. As my mother before me, I use tamarind, turmeric, black pepper, fenugreek, and garlic to the dish along with fresh, tangy tomatoes to allow the flavors of different ingredients to intermingle and complement one another. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Note:\u003c/b> Tamarind concentrate, fresh curry leaves, Turmeric, and Fenugreek seeds are readily available in local Indian markets like Cash and Carry and Patel Brothers. The spices are also available at Whole Foods Market.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Meen Kulambu\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Serves 4-6\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134884\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1296px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2.jpg\" alt=\"The finished meen kulambu can be served with rice, polenta, etc.\" width=\"1296\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-134884\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2.jpg 1296w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2-160x133.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2-800x667.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2-768x640.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2-1020x850.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/10/Meen-Kulambu-final-2-1200x1000.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1296px) 100vw, 1296px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The finished meen kulambu can be served with rice, polenta, etc. \u003ccite>(Dr. Priya Jagannathan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>1 pound of cleaned fish steaks\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 large red onion, diced (white onion can be substituted)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>2 cups of crushed tomatoes or 2 cups of tomato sauce\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 head of peeled garlic (slit each clove in half ) \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 tsp of Kashmiri or conventional chili powder\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>2 tsp of ground organic turmeric\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 tsp of ground black pepper\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>2 tbsp of tamarind concentrate dissolved in 1 cup of hot water\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 tsp of dried fenugreek seeds\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>½ tsp of black mustard seeds\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>2 sprigs of curry leaves\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1½ tbsp of sesame oil \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 cup of fresh cilantro, chopped\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Instructions:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Clean the fish under running water and pat dry. Combine 1 teaspoon of turmeric, 1 teaspoon of ground black pepper and ½ teaspoon of oil, and marinate fish with the mixture in the refrigerator for 30 minutes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Heat a large nonstick wok or pot over a low flame (low heat if using an electric stove) and add 1 tablespoon of sesame oil. Add the fenugreek and roast gently.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add the curry leaves (washed and dried), slit garlic cloves, and mustard seeds to the pot. Allow the mustard seeds to splutter gently in the oil and then add onions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When the onions are lightly browned, add the chili powder, remaining turmeric, and the crushed tomatoes or sauce. Cook for 10 minutes on medium heat.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add the dissolved tamarind to the mixture and allow to gently simmer over medium heat. Salt to taste. Water can be added to thin out mixture into a sauce consistency.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>As the sauce simmers, lower the temperature to low heat, and gently layer the fish into the sauce. Cover and allow to simmer gently over low heat for 10-15 minutes until the fish is cooked through.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add chopped cilantro and serve with steamed white rice, brown rice, quinoa, or polenta.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "No Need To Cut Back On Red Meat? Controversial New 'Guidelines' Lead To Outrage",
"title": "No Need To Cut Back On Red Meat? Controversial New 'Guidelines' Lead To Outrage",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cp>[aside postID='bayareabites_133954' label='More on Processed Meats']\u003cbr>\nA new set of analyses published Monday in the \u003cem>Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/em> challenges the widespread recommendations to cut back on red and processed meats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prominent medical journal has also published a \u003ca href=\"https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2752328/unprocessed-red-meat-processed-meat-consumption-dietary-guideline-recommendations-from\">new recommendation\u003c/a> from a panel of scientists, many of whom are not nutrition experts: \"The panel suggests adults continue current processed meat consumption,\" according to the guideline paper. In other words: no need to cut back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scores of nutrition experts say this conclusion contradicts a large body of evidence, from decades of observational studies, that has found that people who consume less red and processed meats, over time, have lower rates of heart disease and death from certain cancers, including colorectal cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recommendations from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/nutrition-basics/aha-diet-and-lifestyle-recommendations\">American Heart Association\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170611033849/https://www.cancer.org/latest-news/world-health-organization-says-processed-meat-causes-cancer.html\">American Cancer Society\u003c/a>, as well as the U.S. Dietary Guidelines, all call for limiting red meats and processed meats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am outraged and bewildered,\" says nutrition scientist Christopher Gardner, a professor of medicine at Stanford University. \"This is perplexing, given the ... clear evidence for harm associated with high red meat intake,\" says Frank Hu, the chair of the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gardner and Hu are among a group of scientists who signed a letter to the journal's editor requesting the papers be held pending further review. Others include \u003ca href=\"https://nutrition.tufts.edu/profile/faculty/dariush-mozaffarian\">Dariush Mozaffarian\u003c/a>, the dean of the Friedman School of Nutrition at Tufts University, as well as Eric Rimm and Dr. Walter Willett, also of Harvard's T.H. Chan School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nutrition scientists point to research, such as this study \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25733454\">published in 2015\u003c/a>, that finds that people who have a pattern of eating that's lower in red and processed meats have a reduced risk of death from cardiovascular disease and some cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a lot more agreement out there than people think,\" Gardner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the authors of the new papers published in Annals say they're not convinced by the studies that link red and processed meats to higher health risks. They conclude that the existing guidelines from leading health groups to limit red and processed meats are \"weak recommendations\" that are based on \"low-certainty evidence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what explains this divide?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a nutshell, the authors of the new analyses have used an alternative approach to evaluate the evidence. They've used a system known as \u003ca href=\"https://ktdrr.org/products/update/v1n5/dijkers_grade_ktupdatev1n5.pdf\">GRADE\u003c/a>, which is a process to rate the quality of scientific evidence. Using this approach, a kind of study known as a randomized controlled trial — or RCT, for short - is considered high quality evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nutrition scientist Frank Hu of Harvard says the problem with GRADE is that it was mainly developed for evaluating evidence from drug trials. \"It's really problematic and inappropriate to use GRADE to evaluate nutrition studies,\" Hu says. Most of nutrition science is built on another type of study, observational studies. These are conducted by tracking the eating habits of people over many years. But here's the rub: The GRADE system considers these observational studies to be low-quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our diets, however, are not like drugs. The impact of eating a meat-centric diet is tricky to measure. Unlike a pill — which can be measured against a placebo in a short-term trial — our diets are much more complicated. What we eat today may influence our health over decades. And, teasing out an independent effect is tougher, because our diets are varied and complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a pill leads to an improvement over a placebo, scientists can conclude that the pill is efficacious. But if you try to use this same model with diet, you can't isolate the effects of say, just meat — or just processed meat — because we eat so many different things as part of our diets. So, therefore, critics say the drug evaluation model is not a good fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does this leave us, the eaters who are trying to make good choices?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There may be a benefit [from] reducing your intake of red or processed meat, and people should know that,\" says Bradley Johnston, one of the authors of the new analyses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, \"there may not be a benefit at all,\" Johnston says. \"We're uncertain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston previously authored a study, also published in the \u003cem>Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/em>, that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/12/19/505867535/how-much-is-too-much-new-study-casts-doubts-on-sugar-guidelines\">challenged the quality of the evidence behind the recommendations to limit sugar\u003c/a>. That paper, published online in 2016, was funded by the International Life Sciences Institute, a nonprofit group funded by large food and beverage companies that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/16/health/ilsi-food-policy-india-brazil-china.html\">come under scrutiny\u003c/a> for its role in shaping food policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Johnston what kind of study it would take to provide compelling evidence that reducing red meat consumption can reduce health risks. \"It would take a lot of money ... and it should be based on randomized trials,\" Johnston says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is completely impractical, says Harvard's Rimm. \"Can you imagine the cost if you had to ... give patients red meat almost every day for a decade and then convince the other group ... not to eat meat for a decade?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The editor of \u003cem>Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://annals.org/aim/pages/biography\">Dr. Christine Laine\u003c/a>, says she agrees it would be tough to carry out such a study. \"We're not going to be able to do a randomized controlled trial that is going to definitely answer this question,\" Laine told us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she defended the decision to publish the new analyses and recommendation, as well as the use of the GRADE evaluation system. She says the papers show that the quality of the evidence behind the current recommendations to cut down on red and process meats is not as strong as people may have been led to believe. \"We should just be transparent,\" Laine says. \"I think we should be honest with the public that we don't really know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford's Gardner says his biggest concern is \"this will do a disservice to the public.\" He says that by offering up a new guideline, the new papers may confuse people. Harvard's Hu agrees. The publication \"gives an impression of a major scientific breakthrough, but this is clearly not the case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hu and his colleagues says there is a consensus already: \"To improve both human health and environmental sustainability, it is important to adopt dietary patterns that are high in healthy plant-based foods and relatively low in red and processed meats.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/09/30/765722916/no-need-to-cut-back-on-red-meat-controversial-new-guidelines-lead-to-outrage\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A prominent medical journal has published a new recommendation from a group of scientists concluding there's no need to cut back on red and processed meats. This contradicts current guidelines.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nA new set of analyses published Monday in the \u003cem>Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/em> challenges the widespread recommendations to cut back on red and processed meats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prominent medical journal has also published a \u003ca href=\"https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2752328/unprocessed-red-meat-processed-meat-consumption-dietary-guideline-recommendations-from\">new recommendation\u003c/a> from a panel of scientists, many of whom are not nutrition experts: \"The panel suggests adults continue current processed meat consumption,\" according to the guideline paper. In other words: no need to cut back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scores of nutrition experts say this conclusion contradicts a large body of evidence, from decades of observational studies, that has found that people who consume less red and processed meats, over time, have lower rates of heart disease and death from certain cancers, including colorectal cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recommendations from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/nutrition-basics/aha-diet-and-lifestyle-recommendations\">American Heart Association\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170611033849/https://www.cancer.org/latest-news/world-health-organization-says-processed-meat-causes-cancer.html\">American Cancer Society\u003c/a>, as well as the U.S. Dietary Guidelines, all call for limiting red meats and processed meats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am outraged and bewildered,\" says nutrition scientist Christopher Gardner, a professor of medicine at Stanford University. \"This is perplexing, given the ... clear evidence for harm associated with high red meat intake,\" says Frank Hu, the chair of the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gardner and Hu are among a group of scientists who signed a letter to the journal's editor requesting the papers be held pending further review. Others include \u003ca href=\"https://nutrition.tufts.edu/profile/faculty/dariush-mozaffarian\">Dariush Mozaffarian\u003c/a>, the dean of the Friedman School of Nutrition at Tufts University, as well as Eric Rimm and Dr. Walter Willett, also of Harvard's T.H. Chan School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nutrition scientists point to research, such as this study \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25733454\">published in 2015\u003c/a>, that finds that people who have a pattern of eating that's lower in red and processed meats have a reduced risk of death from cardiovascular disease and some cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a lot more agreement out there than people think,\" Gardner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the authors of the new papers published in Annals say they're not convinced by the studies that link red and processed meats to higher health risks. They conclude that the existing guidelines from leading health groups to limit red and processed meats are \"weak recommendations\" that are based on \"low-certainty evidence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what explains this divide?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a nutshell, the authors of the new analyses have used an alternative approach to evaluate the evidence. They've used a system known as \u003ca href=\"https://ktdrr.org/products/update/v1n5/dijkers_grade_ktupdatev1n5.pdf\">GRADE\u003c/a>, which is a process to rate the quality of scientific evidence. Using this approach, a kind of study known as a randomized controlled trial — or RCT, for short - is considered high quality evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nutrition scientist Frank Hu of Harvard says the problem with GRADE is that it was mainly developed for evaluating evidence from drug trials. \"It's really problematic and inappropriate to use GRADE to evaluate nutrition studies,\" Hu says. Most of nutrition science is built on another type of study, observational studies. These are conducted by tracking the eating habits of people over many years. But here's the rub: The GRADE system considers these observational studies to be low-quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our diets, however, are not like drugs. The impact of eating a meat-centric diet is tricky to measure. Unlike a pill — which can be measured against a placebo in a short-term trial — our diets are much more complicated. What we eat today may influence our health over decades. And, teasing out an independent effect is tougher, because our diets are varied and complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a pill leads to an improvement over a placebo, scientists can conclude that the pill is efficacious. But if you try to use this same model with diet, you can't isolate the effects of say, just meat — or just processed meat — because we eat so many different things as part of our diets. So, therefore, critics say the drug evaluation model is not a good fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does this leave us, the eaters who are trying to make good choices?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There may be a benefit [from] reducing your intake of red or processed meat, and people should know that,\" says Bradley Johnston, one of the authors of the new analyses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, \"there may not be a benefit at all,\" Johnston says. \"We're uncertain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston previously authored a study, also published in the \u003cem>Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/em>, that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/12/19/505867535/how-much-is-too-much-new-study-casts-doubts-on-sugar-guidelines\">challenged the quality of the evidence behind the recommendations to limit sugar\u003c/a>. That paper, published online in 2016, was funded by the International Life Sciences Institute, a nonprofit group funded by large food and beverage companies that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/16/health/ilsi-food-policy-india-brazil-china.html\">come under scrutiny\u003c/a> for its role in shaping food policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Johnston what kind of study it would take to provide compelling evidence that reducing red meat consumption can reduce health risks. \"It would take a lot of money ... and it should be based on randomized trials,\" Johnston says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is completely impractical, says Harvard's Rimm. \"Can you imagine the cost if you had to ... give patients red meat almost every day for a decade and then convince the other group ... not to eat meat for a decade?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The editor of \u003cem>Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://annals.org/aim/pages/biography\">Dr. Christine Laine\u003c/a>, says she agrees it would be tough to carry out such a study. \"We're not going to be able to do a randomized controlled trial that is going to definitely answer this question,\" Laine told us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she defended the decision to publish the new analyses and recommendation, as well as the use of the GRADE evaluation system. She says the papers show that the quality of the evidence behind the current recommendations to cut down on red and process meats is not as strong as people may have been led to believe. \"We should just be transparent,\" Laine says. \"I think we should be honest with the public that we don't really know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford's Gardner says his biggest concern is \"this will do a disservice to the public.\" He says that by offering up a new guideline, the new papers may confuse people. Harvard's Hu agrees. The publication \"gives an impression of a major scientific breakthrough, but this is clearly not the case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hu and his colleagues says there is a consensus already: \"To improve both human health and environmental sustainability, it is important to adopt dietary patterns that are high in healthy plant-based foods and relatively low in red and processed meats.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/09/30/765722916/no-need-to-cut-back-on-red-meat-controversial-new-guidelines-lead-to-outrage\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Dairy Ice Cream, No Cow Needed: These Egg And Milk Proteins Are Made Without Animals",
"title": "Dairy Ice Cream, No Cow Needed: These Egg And Milk Proteins Are Made Without Animals",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cp>[aside postID='news_10710678,bayareabites_96566' label='More Ice Cream']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier today, I ate a scoop of chocolate ice cream – creamy and pleasantly fatty feeling in my mouth. This would hardly seem newsworthy, except for the high-tech ingredient that made my frozen treat go down so smoothly: dairy proteins produced in a lab, no cows needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The realm of plant-based meat substitutes has gotten a lot of buzz lately. Think the Impossible Burger and Beyond Meat – companies that use biochemistry to mimic the taste and texture of meat using plant-based ingredients. There's another frontier along these lines – start-ups that use microbes to create egg, dairy and other animal proteins without the animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their pitch: Sustainability. Livestock agriculture uses lots of water and land resources, and produces significant amounts of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can produce just the proteins that you want without keeping a living animal alive, that's going to be a lot more efficient, so it's better for the environment,\" says Bruce Friedrich of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gfi.org/\">Good Food Institute\u003c/a>, which promotes plant- and cell-based alternatives to animal protein. And he says as the technology scales up, it should be a lot cheaper to produce proteins this way, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the early entrants in this field is \u003ca href=\"https://www.perfectdayfoods.com/\">Perfect Day\u003c/a>, producer of the aforementioned ice cream. The company took the genetic code for the main proteins in whey, a byproduct of cheese-making, then had it artificially synthesized into a molecule of DNA – so the process is \"totally animal free,\" says Perfect Day co-founder Ryan Pandya. Then they genetically engineered microbes to produce the same proteins through fermentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just like cows eat plants and make milk, it turns out [micro]flora can eat plants and make milk. And that's all we've done,\" Pandya says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The process is really simple,\" he says. You take a tank of microbes, feed them, and they turn into milk protein. \"Then you separated it out with filtration and drying and you're done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why focus on whey? In frozen desserts, whey protein provides velvety texture – Perfect Day released its ice cream in a limited run of about 1,000 3-pint boxes as a sort of proof of concept to introduce consumers to its technology. (Bonus: It's also lactose free.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company's goal is actually to become an ingredient supplier to all the food companies that rely on whey to boost protein levels in a range of foods, from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/11/08/164687100/you-can-thank-a-whey-refinery-for-that-protein-smoothie\">smoothies to power bars\u003c/a>. The target audience goes beyond vegans — to everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than try to compete with all these big food makers that are otherwise just going to buy a ton of whey protein from factory-farmed cows, we can actually give them a better supply chain and in so doing, we can have a lot more impact than we would on our own,\" Pandya says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies looking to shake up the food supply include \u003ca href=\"https://www.motifingredients.com/\">Motif Ingredients\u003c/a>, which launched earlier this year with $90 million in investor financing. It aims to produce proteins derived from dairy, egg and meat using microbial fermentation and supply them to food makers looking for alternatives to animal proteins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.clarafoods.com/\">Clara Foods\u003c/a> is using a similar synthetic biology process to create egg white proteins, including a highly soluble protein that would be used in sports drinks and other beverages. That could hit the food market early next year, says Ranjan Patnaik, vice president for technology strategy and operational excellence. Another protein in the pipeline could be used as egg whites — think vegan meringue and baked goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have made all kinds those of pound cake, meringue, other recipes\" in their development lab in the San Francisco Bay Area, Patnaik says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newculturefood.com/\">New Culture\u003c/a>, another California startup, is also targeting dairy: It's using microbial fermentation to make casein, milk proteins that give cheese its stretchy quality – which, alas, many vegan cheeses today seem to lack, says co-founder \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/injaradman/\">Inja Radman.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If all this sounds a little too futuristic, consider this: Much of the cheese produced today already relies on the same technology in the form of rennet, an enzyme used to curdle milk. Cheese makers used to get it from the stomachs of slaughtered calves but for many years now, \u003ca href=\"https://io9.gizmodo.com/you-can-thank-genetic-engineering-for-your-delicious-ch-1701156684\">much of the rennet used for cheese\u003c/a> has been made via microbial fermentation, notes Friedrich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that this technology is already out there, and that the synthetic animals proteins produced are exact genetic replicas of the real thing, the companies making them don't anticipate major hurdles with regulators at the Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some critics — like \u003ca href=\"https://foe.org/team-members/dana-perls/\">Dana Perls\u003c/a>, senior food campaigner for the environmental group Friends of the Earth — are concerned that the FDA will not give sufficient scrutiny to this new wave of synthetic proteins. Perls worries that the adoption of these proteins will make our food supply even more dependent on the fruits of biotechnology. \"The real solution for climate chaos and animal welfare problems are the truly organic, plant-based sources of proteins and organic solutions for less and better meat,\" Perls says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many dairy farmers are also not on board. For one thing, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.nmpf.org/team/alan-bjerga/\">Alan Bjerga\u003c/a> of the National Milk Producers Federation, an industry group that represents dairy producers, products made with synthetic dairy proteins may not have the same nutritional profile – such as vitamin and mineral content — as those made with milk from real cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to make sure that consumers are very informed that these are not nutritionally the same,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others in the food industry, however, have embraced the new start-ups. Archer Daniels Midland, a global ingredient and food processing company, has partnered with Perfect Day. Fonterra, a multinational dairy giant based in New Zealand, is an investor in Motif Ingredients. And Clara Foods has teamed up with Ingredion, which supplies ingredients to the food and beverage industry, among others. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/08/02/747026144/dairy-ice-cream-no-cow-needed-these-egg-and-milk-proteins-are-made-without-anima\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier today, I ate a scoop of chocolate ice cream – creamy and pleasantly fatty feeling in my mouth. This would hardly seem newsworthy, except for the high-tech ingredient that made my frozen treat go down so smoothly: dairy proteins produced in a lab, no cows needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The realm of plant-based meat substitutes has gotten a lot of buzz lately. Think the Impossible Burger and Beyond Meat – companies that use biochemistry to mimic the taste and texture of meat using plant-based ingredients. There's another frontier along these lines – start-ups that use microbes to create egg, dairy and other animal proteins without the animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their pitch: Sustainability. Livestock agriculture uses lots of water and land resources, and produces significant amounts of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can produce just the proteins that you want without keeping a living animal alive, that's going to be a lot more efficient, so it's better for the environment,\" says Bruce Friedrich of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gfi.org/\">Good Food Institute\u003c/a>, which promotes plant- and cell-based alternatives to animal protein. And he says as the technology scales up, it should be a lot cheaper to produce proteins this way, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the early entrants in this field is \u003ca href=\"https://www.perfectdayfoods.com/\">Perfect Day\u003c/a>, producer of the aforementioned ice cream. The company took the genetic code for the main proteins in whey, a byproduct of cheese-making, then had it artificially synthesized into a molecule of DNA – so the process is \"totally animal free,\" says Perfect Day co-founder Ryan Pandya. Then they genetically engineered microbes to produce the same proteins through fermentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just like cows eat plants and make milk, it turns out [micro]flora can eat plants and make milk. And that's all we've done,\" Pandya says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The process is really simple,\" he says. You take a tank of microbes, feed them, and they turn into milk protein. \"Then you separated it out with filtration and drying and you're done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why focus on whey? In frozen desserts, whey protein provides velvety texture – Perfect Day released its ice cream in a limited run of about 1,000 3-pint boxes as a sort of proof of concept to introduce consumers to its technology. (Bonus: It's also lactose free.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company's goal is actually to become an ingredient supplier to all the food companies that rely on whey to boost protein levels in a range of foods, from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/11/08/164687100/you-can-thank-a-whey-refinery-for-that-protein-smoothie\">smoothies to power bars\u003c/a>. The target audience goes beyond vegans — to everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than try to compete with all these big food makers that are otherwise just going to buy a ton of whey protein from factory-farmed cows, we can actually give them a better supply chain and in so doing, we can have a lot more impact than we would on our own,\" Pandya says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies looking to shake up the food supply include \u003ca href=\"https://www.motifingredients.com/\">Motif Ingredients\u003c/a>, which launched earlier this year with $90 million in investor financing. It aims to produce proteins derived from dairy, egg and meat using microbial fermentation and supply them to food makers looking for alternatives to animal proteins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.clarafoods.com/\">Clara Foods\u003c/a> is using a similar synthetic biology process to create egg white proteins, including a highly soluble protein that would be used in sports drinks and other beverages. That could hit the food market early next year, says Ranjan Patnaik, vice president for technology strategy and operational excellence. Another protein in the pipeline could be used as egg whites — think vegan meringue and baked goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have made all kinds those of pound cake, meringue, other recipes\" in their development lab in the San Francisco Bay Area, Patnaik says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newculturefood.com/\">New Culture\u003c/a>, another California startup, is also targeting dairy: It's using microbial fermentation to make casein, milk proteins that give cheese its stretchy quality – which, alas, many vegan cheeses today seem to lack, says co-founder \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/injaradman/\">Inja Radman.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If all this sounds a little too futuristic, consider this: Much of the cheese produced today already relies on the same technology in the form of rennet, an enzyme used to curdle milk. Cheese makers used to get it from the stomachs of slaughtered calves but for many years now, \u003ca href=\"https://io9.gizmodo.com/you-can-thank-genetic-engineering-for-your-delicious-ch-1701156684\">much of the rennet used for cheese\u003c/a> has been made via microbial fermentation, notes Friedrich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that this technology is already out there, and that the synthetic animals proteins produced are exact genetic replicas of the real thing, the companies making them don't anticipate major hurdles with regulators at the Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some critics — like \u003ca href=\"https://foe.org/team-members/dana-perls/\">Dana Perls\u003c/a>, senior food campaigner for the environmental group Friends of the Earth — are concerned that the FDA will not give sufficient scrutiny to this new wave of synthetic proteins. Perls worries that the adoption of these proteins will make our food supply even more dependent on the fruits of biotechnology. \"The real solution for climate chaos and animal welfare problems are the truly organic, plant-based sources of proteins and organic solutions for less and better meat,\" Perls says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many dairy farmers are also not on board. For one thing, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.nmpf.org/team/alan-bjerga/\">Alan Bjerga\u003c/a> of the National Milk Producers Federation, an industry group that represents dairy producers, products made with synthetic dairy proteins may not have the same nutritional profile – such as vitamin and mineral content — as those made with milk from real cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to make sure that consumers are very informed that these are not nutritionally the same,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others in the food industry, however, have embraced the new start-ups. Archer Daniels Midland, a global ingredient and food processing company, has partnered with Perfect Day. Fonterra, a multinational dairy giant based in New Zealand, is an investor in Motif Ingredients. And Clara Foods has teamed up with Ingredion, which supplies ingredients to the food and beverage industry, among others. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/08/02/747026144/dairy-ice-cream-no-cow-needed-these-egg-and-milk-proteins-are-made-without-anima\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "50 Years After Apollo 11, Here's What (And How) Astronauts Are Eating",
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"content": "\u003cp>[aside tag='apollo-11' label='More Apollo 11']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1969, \u003ca href=\"https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/BourlandCT/BourlandCT_4-7-06.htm\">Charles Bourland\u003c/a> flew to Houston to interview for a food scientist position at NASA's Johnson Space Center. From his hotel's lobby, he watched with millions of Americans as Apollo astronauts took their first steps on the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a \"pretty impressive thing\" to witness while considering a NASA job, he remembers with a chuckle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bourland, now 82, came onboard that year; he retired in 2000. In his 31 years as a NASA food scientist, he did a lot of things to improve the quality of what astronauts eat, including adding potassium back into processed goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being a NASA food scientist can be tricky — the team has had to address a range of challenges, from extending shelf lives by years to maximizing nutritional value and minimizing weight to keeping dishes from flying apart in microgravity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR spoke to Bourland and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ift.org/About-Us/Our-Leadership/Vickie-Kloeris.aspx\">Vickie Kloeris\u003c/a>, a food scientist and food systems manager at NASA from 1989 to 2018, about their craft and its evolution. To commemorate Apollo 11's 50th anniversary this month, here's how eating in space has evolved — from John Glenn's \u003ca href=\"https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apollo-to-the-moon/online/astronaut-life/food-in-space.cfm\">first bite of applesauce\u003c/a> to today's beloved \u003ca href=\"https://www.mashed.com/44384/untold-truth-sriracha/\">Sriracha bottles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Then: Bread. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now: Specially engineered fast-food tortillas.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Kloeris joined NASA's food program in the 1980s, food teams sent bread into space — but it wasn't ideal. Bread tends to crumble, and in microgravity, crumbs fly everywhere, contaminating the surrounding air and potentially jamming sensitive equipment. It also has a very short shelf life, growing moldy in just a few days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the mid-1980s, a payload specialist from Mexico named \u003ca href=\"https://gizmodo.com/why-astronauts-eat-tortillas-in-space-explained-in-one-1680376949\">Rodolfo Neri Vela\u003c/a> went into space and requested a different type of bread product — tortillas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Crew members saw how easy it was to take something and roll it up,\" Kloeris says. \"A lot easier to deal with than the bread and crumbs. After that it was, 'Forget the bread, let's bring up tortillas!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This solved the crumbs problem, but not the mold problem. Tortillas back then only lasted eight to 10 days in orbit. So food scientists at the Johnson Space Center began experimenting, drawing on preservation techniques the military used for its bread products. This involved reducing the water activity (free water) in the bread and packaging it without oxygen to prevent mold. In this way, they got their tortillas to last several months. But they couldn't get them to last any longer — until they took some inspiration from the commercial food industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1990s, Taco Bell began marketing a new soft taco-making kit. The tortillas in this kit, they advertised, had a shelf life of nine months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As soon as the food scientists saw this claim, \"We knew that [the Taco Bell product] had to be a low water-activity tortilla,\" Kloeris says. \"We tested it, and sure enough,\" the tortillas actually lasted even longer, often over a year. NASA started buying Taco Bell tortillas and repackaging them for their astronauts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, NASA buys the same tortillas, but prepackaged, from the military, a source for many NASA food items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Then: Fewer options.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now: A more robust menu.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Apollo era, astronauts had a fairly limited menu. They had fewer than 70 items to choose from, including drinks, condiments and entrees, according to \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rxoBG8aLlsV1_BW2KoN3QodmFwr2-OGOW_F0pYzMUdU/edit?usp=sharing\">a menu that Bourland\u003c/a> provided to NPR. Nowadays, astronauts select their choices from a core menu of more than 200 items, including entrees like beef steak, lasagna and tuna casserole, which they heat up in a small machine. Astronauts also have a limited number of \"preference containers\" for foods off the core menu. For instance, astronauts who love certain packaged items, like a type of cereal, can request them for their flight. Space travelers from Japan or Europe, whom NASA also feeds, can bring dishes from their home countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to make it onto the space station as part of the core menu or as a preference item, food must meet \"microbiological and shelf-life requirements,\" Kloeris says. In other words, no raw chicken, eggs or any other food likely to spoil quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134214\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/07/gettyimages-1136124866_custom-c5f28d35a29b6c5dd5e0650c75b693628eab49be.jpg\" alt=\"Vacuum-sealed space food — including a beef steak, spinach, a cookie, and an orange grapefruit drink — was on display inside the NASA lunar habitat, designed by Lockheed Martin, during the 35th Space Symposium in Colorado Springs, Colo., in April.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"size-full wp-image-134214\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/07/gettyimages-1136124866_custom-c5f28d35a29b6c5dd5e0650c75b693628eab49be.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/07/gettyimages-1136124866_custom-c5f28d35a29b6c5dd5e0650c75b693628eab49be-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/07/gettyimages-1136124866_custom-c5f28d35a29b6c5dd5e0650c75b693628eab49be-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/07/gettyimages-1136124866_custom-c5f28d35a29b6c5dd5e0650c75b693628eab49be-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/07/gettyimages-1136124866_custom-c5f28d35a29b6c5dd5e0650c75b693628eab49be-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vacuum-sealed space food — including a beef steak, spinach, a cookie, and an orange grapefruit drink — was on display inside the NASA lunar habitat, designed by Lockheed Martin, during the 35th Space Symposium in Colorado Springs, Colo., in April. \u003ccite>(Jason Connolly/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Then: Zero frozen food.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now: Occasional ice cream bites.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Space Station lacks dedicated freezer space for food (the freezers are all reserved for medical/scientific samples). Still, NASA food scientists and providers have found a way to send astronauts the occasional cold treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's thanks to the SpaceX cargo shuttle, which brings supplies up to the space station periodically and sends medical samples back to Earth. The shuttle's freezer is empty when it goes up, so \"we'll get to send 'em, like, Dove bites [or other] frozen ice cream treats,\" Kloeris says. But once crew members receive the ice cream, they must eat it fairly quickly so they can load the freezer with the medical samples for the trip back to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note: Those freeze-dried ice cream bars you see in galactic packaging at space-related gift shops? Those aren't actually eaten in space, according to Kloeris. The treat \"certainly meets the shelf life and microbiological requirements, but it doesn't taste like real ice cream, and it's very crumbly,\" she says. Although, she says, Apollo-era astronauts ate freeze-dried ice cream at least once in cube form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Then: Cubes and \"spoon bowl packages.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now: Pouches, trays and Velcro. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earliest space food tasted pretty terrible. According to \u003ca href=\"https://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/factsheets/food.html\">NASA's own website\u003c/a>, \"Astronauts had to endure bite-sized cubes, freeze-dried powders, and semi-liquids stuffed in aluminum tubes.\" Astronauts ate very little on these early flights, partly because the food wasn't very appetizing, but also because they wanted to avoid going to the restroom at all costs (they didn't have zero-gravity toilets \u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/how-nasa-astronauts-pee-and-poop-in-space-2018-8\">until\u003c/a> the 1970s).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taste and texture improved during the Apollo era, but astronauts still didn't have as much variety, and nearly everything was freeze-dried and needed to be rehydrated. The Apollo era did see the development of a spoon-bowl package, which allowed astronauts to eat with a spoon instead of out of a squeeze tube — provided the food was liquidy enough. \"Surface tension will keep the food in [a bowl] if it's wet,\" Bourland says. Eating with utensils in space comes with a steep learning curve, though, because in microgravity, \"as much food is on the bottom of the spoon as gets on the top.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, astronauts eat most of their meals directly from their pouches, Kloeris says, even foods like steak. They stick pouches to tables using Velcro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of food is still freeze-dried and dehydrated, but nowadays, many meals are also thermostabilized (processed using heat and pressure) or irradiated, a process that reduces microorganisms and insects on food by exposing it to ionizing radiation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Z2szk-NuKWg\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Never: Sprite, alcohol and perishables. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Always: Tang, shrimp cocktail.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronauts must go without many popular foods and beverages on the International Space Station, including soda — the carbonation goes wacky in space and could wreak havoc on the digestive system; perishable items, because food poisoning would be pretty terrible in space; and alcohol, because it could damage water recovery equipment and impair astronauts' judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some have been staples since the early missions. Tang, a beverage \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodandwine.com/lifestyle/how-nasa-made-tang-cool\">nearly synonymous with\u003c/a> spaceflight, remains popular among astronauts today. What you won't hear about as often — shrimp cocktail. \"Shrimp cocktail has almost forever been [one of] their favorite foods,\" Bourland says (and Kloeris agrees).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is for a couple of reasons. Shrimp freeze-dries well, and it tastes essentially the same as normal shrimp. Plus, it's a bit spicy, which astronauts appreciate, Kloeris says. She theorizes that this is because in the absence of gravity, heat doesn't always rise and thus the odors don't waft into astronauts' nostrils in the same way. Others have noted that astronauts experience nasal congestion in microgravity, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mashed.com/44384/untold-truth-sriracha/\">dulling their sense of smell and taste\u003c/a>. \"A lot of astronauts tell me that their taste buds feel duller [in space],\" Kloeris says. Spicy foods thus deliver a much-needed kick. Sriracha hot sauce is popular as well: See if you can spot a bottle \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2szk-NuKWg\">in this video\u003c/a> of an astronaut making a tortilla peanut butter and jelly \"space taco.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/07/21/743549993/50-years-after-apollo-11-heres-what-and-how-astronauts-are-eating\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1969, \u003ca href=\"https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/BourlandCT/BourlandCT_4-7-06.htm\">Charles Bourland\u003c/a> flew to Houston to interview for a food scientist position at NASA's Johnson Space Center. From his hotel's lobby, he watched with millions of Americans as Apollo astronauts took their first steps on the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a \"pretty impressive thing\" to witness while considering a NASA job, he remembers with a chuckle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bourland, now 82, came onboard that year; he retired in 2000. In his 31 years as a NASA food scientist, he did a lot of things to improve the quality of what astronauts eat, including adding potassium back into processed goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being a NASA food scientist can be tricky — the team has had to address a range of challenges, from extending shelf lives by years to maximizing nutritional value and minimizing weight to keeping dishes from flying apart in microgravity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR spoke to Bourland and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ift.org/About-Us/Our-Leadership/Vickie-Kloeris.aspx\">Vickie Kloeris\u003c/a>, a food scientist and food systems manager at NASA from 1989 to 2018, about their craft and its evolution. To commemorate Apollo 11's 50th anniversary this month, here's how eating in space has evolved — from John Glenn's \u003ca href=\"https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apollo-to-the-moon/online/astronaut-life/food-in-space.cfm\">first bite of applesauce\u003c/a> to today's beloved \u003ca href=\"https://www.mashed.com/44384/untold-truth-sriracha/\">Sriracha bottles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Then: Bread. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now: Specially engineered fast-food tortillas.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Kloeris joined NASA's food program in the 1980s, food teams sent bread into space — but it wasn't ideal. Bread tends to crumble, and in microgravity, crumbs fly everywhere, contaminating the surrounding air and potentially jamming sensitive equipment. It also has a very short shelf life, growing moldy in just a few days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the mid-1980s, a payload specialist from Mexico named \u003ca href=\"https://gizmodo.com/why-astronauts-eat-tortillas-in-space-explained-in-one-1680376949\">Rodolfo Neri Vela\u003c/a> went into space and requested a different type of bread product — tortillas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Crew members saw how easy it was to take something and roll it up,\" Kloeris says. \"A lot easier to deal with than the bread and crumbs. After that it was, 'Forget the bread, let's bring up tortillas!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This solved the crumbs problem, but not the mold problem. Tortillas back then only lasted eight to 10 days in orbit. So food scientists at the Johnson Space Center began experimenting, drawing on preservation techniques the military used for its bread products. This involved reducing the water activity (free water) in the bread and packaging it without oxygen to prevent mold. In this way, they got their tortillas to last several months. But they couldn't get them to last any longer — until they took some inspiration from the commercial food industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1990s, Taco Bell began marketing a new soft taco-making kit. The tortillas in this kit, they advertised, had a shelf life of nine months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As soon as the food scientists saw this claim, \"We knew that [the Taco Bell product] had to be a low water-activity tortilla,\" Kloeris says. \"We tested it, and sure enough,\" the tortillas actually lasted even longer, often over a year. NASA started buying Taco Bell tortillas and repackaging them for their astronauts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, NASA buys the same tortillas, but prepackaged, from the military, a source for many NASA food items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Then: Fewer options.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now: A more robust menu.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Apollo era, astronauts had a fairly limited menu. They had fewer than 70 items to choose from, including drinks, condiments and entrees, according to \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rxoBG8aLlsV1_BW2KoN3QodmFwr2-OGOW_F0pYzMUdU/edit?usp=sharing\">a menu that Bourland\u003c/a> provided to NPR. Nowadays, astronauts select their choices from a core menu of more than 200 items, including entrees like beef steak, lasagna and tuna casserole, which they heat up in a small machine. Astronauts also have a limited number of \"preference containers\" for foods off the core menu. For instance, astronauts who love certain packaged items, like a type of cereal, can request them for their flight. Space travelers from Japan or Europe, whom NASA also feeds, can bring dishes from their home countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to make it onto the space station as part of the core menu or as a preference item, food must meet \"microbiological and shelf-life requirements,\" Kloeris says. In other words, no raw chicken, eggs or any other food likely to spoil quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_134214\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/07/gettyimages-1136124866_custom-c5f28d35a29b6c5dd5e0650c75b693628eab49be.jpg\" alt=\"Vacuum-sealed space food — including a beef steak, spinach, a cookie, and an orange grapefruit drink — was on display inside the NASA lunar habitat, designed by Lockheed Martin, during the 35th Space Symposium in Colorado Springs, Colo., in April.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"size-full wp-image-134214\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/07/gettyimages-1136124866_custom-c5f28d35a29b6c5dd5e0650c75b693628eab49be.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/07/gettyimages-1136124866_custom-c5f28d35a29b6c5dd5e0650c75b693628eab49be-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/07/gettyimages-1136124866_custom-c5f28d35a29b6c5dd5e0650c75b693628eab49be-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/07/gettyimages-1136124866_custom-c5f28d35a29b6c5dd5e0650c75b693628eab49be-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/07/gettyimages-1136124866_custom-c5f28d35a29b6c5dd5e0650c75b693628eab49be-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vacuum-sealed space food — including a beef steak, spinach, a cookie, and an orange grapefruit drink — was on display inside the NASA lunar habitat, designed by Lockheed Martin, during the 35th Space Symposium in Colorado Springs, Colo., in April. \u003ccite>(Jason Connolly/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Then: Zero frozen food.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now: Occasional ice cream bites.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Space Station lacks dedicated freezer space for food (the freezers are all reserved for medical/scientific samples). Still, NASA food scientists and providers have found a way to send astronauts the occasional cold treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's thanks to the SpaceX cargo shuttle, which brings supplies up to the space station periodically and sends medical samples back to Earth. The shuttle's freezer is empty when it goes up, so \"we'll get to send 'em, like, Dove bites [or other] frozen ice cream treats,\" Kloeris says. But once crew members receive the ice cream, they must eat it fairly quickly so they can load the freezer with the medical samples for the trip back to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note: Those freeze-dried ice cream bars you see in galactic packaging at space-related gift shops? Those aren't actually eaten in space, according to Kloeris. The treat \"certainly meets the shelf life and microbiological requirements, but it doesn't taste like real ice cream, and it's very crumbly,\" she says. Although, she says, Apollo-era astronauts ate freeze-dried ice cream at least once in cube form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Then: Cubes and \"spoon bowl packages.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now: Pouches, trays and Velcro. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earliest space food tasted pretty terrible. According to \u003ca href=\"https://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/factsheets/food.html\">NASA's own website\u003c/a>, \"Astronauts had to endure bite-sized cubes, freeze-dried powders, and semi-liquids stuffed in aluminum tubes.\" Astronauts ate very little on these early flights, partly because the food wasn't very appetizing, but also because they wanted to avoid going to the restroom at all costs (they didn't have zero-gravity toilets \u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/how-nasa-astronauts-pee-and-poop-in-space-2018-8\">until\u003c/a> the 1970s).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taste and texture improved during the Apollo era, but astronauts still didn't have as much variety, and nearly everything was freeze-dried and needed to be rehydrated. The Apollo era did see the development of a spoon-bowl package, which allowed astronauts to eat with a spoon instead of out of a squeeze tube — provided the food was liquidy enough. \"Surface tension will keep the food in [a bowl] if it's wet,\" Bourland says. Eating with utensils in space comes with a steep learning curve, though, because in microgravity, \"as much food is on the bottom of the spoon as gets on the top.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, astronauts eat most of their meals directly from their pouches, Kloeris says, even foods like steak. They stick pouches to tables using Velcro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of food is still freeze-dried and dehydrated, but nowadays, many meals are also thermostabilized (processed using heat and pressure) or irradiated, a process that reduces microorganisms and insects on food by exposing it to ionizing radiation.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Z2szk-NuKWg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Z2szk-NuKWg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Never: Sprite, alcohol and perishables. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Always: Tang, shrimp cocktail.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronauts must go without many popular foods and beverages on the International Space Station, including soda — the carbonation goes wacky in space and could wreak havoc on the digestive system; perishable items, because food poisoning would be pretty terrible in space; and alcohol, because it could damage water recovery equipment and impair astronauts' judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some have been staples since the early missions. Tang, a beverage \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodandwine.com/lifestyle/how-nasa-made-tang-cool\">nearly synonymous with\u003c/a> spaceflight, remains popular among astronauts today. What you won't hear about as often — shrimp cocktail. \"Shrimp cocktail has almost forever been [one of] their favorite foods,\" Bourland says (and Kloeris agrees).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is for a couple of reasons. Shrimp freeze-dries well, and it tastes essentially the same as normal shrimp. Plus, it's a bit spicy, which astronauts appreciate, Kloeris says. She theorizes that this is because in the absence of gravity, heat doesn't always rise and thus the odors don't waft into astronauts' nostrils in the same way. Others have noted that astronauts experience nasal congestion in microgravity, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mashed.com/44384/untold-truth-sriracha/\">dulling their sense of smell and taste\u003c/a>. \"A lot of astronauts tell me that their taste buds feel duller [in space],\" Kloeris says. Spicy foods thus deliver a much-needed kick. Sriracha hot sauce is popular as well: See if you can spot a bottle \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2szk-NuKWg\">in this video\u003c/a> of an astronaut making a tortilla peanut butter and jelly \"space taco.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/07/21/743549993/50-years-after-apollo-11-heres-what-and-how-astronauts-are-eating\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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