Annie Roth is a freelance science journalist who enjoys writing about endangered species and the people who study them. Her work has appeared in National Geographic, the New York Times, Hakai Magazine and many other publications. Roth writes best when her cat is sitting on her lap.
By Annie Roth
What Actually Makes Water Roll Off a Duck's Back?
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]Video by Josh Cassidy\u003cbr>\nArticle by Annie Roth\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer is a great time to be a bird watcher in California. Ducks, geese, and many other species of aquatic birds come to California to breed, build nests and raise broods. If you go to your local pond right now, chances are good that you will see a mallard or Canada goose paddling along with a gaggle of its offspring in tow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But watch for too long and you might find yourself wondering “how do these birds stay warm and dry in the water?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a question that \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/learn-explore/science-heroes/jack-dumbacher\">Jack Dumbacher\u003c/a>, curator of ornithology and mammalogy at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco has been asked many times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secret to waterproof waterfowl, it turns out, lies in their feathers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquatic bird feathers are really different than those of other birds,” Dumbacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All birds have feathers. Their size, shape, and structure vary widely, but all feathers fit into one of two categories: down or contour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contour feathers, which include flight and tail feathers, are the long, rigid feathers that give birds their shape and color. As the outermost layer, contour feathers serve as a bird’s first line of defense against the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968283\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_vaned_down.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1968283 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_vaned_down.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vaned feathers help birds fly, provide the contour to their bodies, and keep water out. Down feathers are fuzzier and hold a layer of warm air next to the bird’s skin below the vaned feathers. Some vaned feathers have some down feathers at their base. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Down feathers, by contrast, are the soft, fluffy feathers that sit closest to the bird’s skin. These keep birds warm by trapping a layer of air next to their skin and are used to make comforters, pillows, jackets, and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every feather has a central hollow shaft, known as the rachis, and a flat area known as the vane. The vane is made up of hundreds of branches known as barbs. Branching from these barbs are structures known as barbules, some of which are tapered with tiny hooks known as barbibcles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968301\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_duck_rachis_barbs.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1968301 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_duck_rachis_barbs.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barbs extend out from the central rachis on this vaned duck feather. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike down feathers, contour feathers are loaded with barbicels that interlock the neighboring barbs together like Velcro to form a wind and water-resistant barrier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968303\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1968303\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some barbules have hooked barbicels at their tips allowing them to hook onto the barbules of the neighboring barbs. \u003ccite>(Christopher Gilpin/Purdue University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The strain of flight and locomotion can sometimes force barbules out of alignment. When this happens, the vane of the feather splits, allowing air and water to pass through. To prevent this from happening, birds tend to their feathers regularly, in a process known as preening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds preen by brushing their feathers with their bill. This process allows birds to keep their feathers clean, smooth, and free of parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968307\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_duck_preen.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1968307\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_duck_preen.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A domestic duck preens its feathers to reconnect the barbs and spread wax on the surfaces. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Having well-groomed feathers grants all birds some degree of water resistance, but aquatic birds take it to another level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2435.12820\">study\u003c/a> by scientists at the University of Debrecen in Hungary, aquatic birds like ducks and geese not only have feathers with denser, more tightly knit microstructures than their terrestrial counterparts, but they also have more of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In aquatic species, the density of the feathers is much, much greater than in terrestrial species of similar body size,” said \u003ca href=\"https://avianimmunoecology.wordpress.com/orsolya-vincze/\">Orsolya Vincze\u003c/a>, a research fellow at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences who helped conduct the study. “The barbule density is also much higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having super-dense plumage makes aquatic birds far more water-resistant than their terrestrial cousins, but it doesn’t make them waterproof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To achieve that, aquatic birds coat their feathers with an oily substance known as preen oil, which is secreted from a gland on their rumps, above their tail feathers. This gland, known as the uropygial or preen gland, is present in nearly all birds, but its shape and size varies among species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Dumbacher, aquatic birds tend to have much larger and more developed preen glands than terrestrial birds, which isn’t surprising because “they have to apply oil more regularly,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968308\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_preen_gland_white.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1968308\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_preen_gland_white.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Most birds have a preen gland on their rump right above their tail feathers. It’s usually covered in stubby feathers that soak up the greasy wax that the gland produces. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When preening, birds rub their beaks against their preen gland to collect oil and then rub it over their feathers. The oil from their preen gland coats the interlocking barbules of their feathers, rendering them waterproof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard work. Some species will spend up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4535237?seq=1\">25% of their waking hours preening\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, preening isn’t just about waterproofing. Preening also rids birds of parasites and moisturizes their feathers so they can stay flexible, strong, and ready for flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the dense microstructure of their feathers and applying copious amounts of preen oil each help insulate aquatic birds from the elements, “it’s really the combination of the two,” that allows them to stay warm and dry even in the chilliest of ponds, said Dumbacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to see the wonder of waterproof feathers in person, Dumbacher recommends heading down to your local pond to watch some ducks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s fun to see how water just flips off the back of a duck,” Dumbacher said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Ducks and geese spend *a lot* of time preening their all-weather feathers. This obsessive grooming – and a little styling wax from a hidden spot on their back side – maintains the microscopic feather structure that keeps them warm and dry in frigid waters. ",
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"title": "What Actually Makes Water Roll Off a Duck's Back? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Video by Josh Cassidy\u003cbr>\nArticle by Annie Roth\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer is a great time to be a bird watcher in California. Ducks, geese, and many other species of aquatic birds come to California to breed, build nests and raise broods. If you go to your local pond right now, chances are good that you will see a mallard or Canada goose paddling along with a gaggle of its offspring in tow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But watch for too long and you might find yourself wondering “how do these birds stay warm and dry in the water?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a question that \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/learn-explore/science-heroes/jack-dumbacher\">Jack Dumbacher\u003c/a>, curator of ornithology and mammalogy at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco has been asked many times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secret to waterproof waterfowl, it turns out, lies in their feathers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquatic bird feathers are really different than those of other birds,” Dumbacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All birds have feathers. Their size, shape, and structure vary widely, but all feathers fit into one of two categories: down or contour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contour feathers, which include flight and tail feathers, are the long, rigid feathers that give birds their shape and color. As the outermost layer, contour feathers serve as a bird’s first line of defense against the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968283\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_vaned_down.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1968283 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_vaned_down.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vaned feathers help birds fly, provide the contour to their bodies, and keep water out. Down feathers are fuzzier and hold a layer of warm air next to the bird’s skin below the vaned feathers. Some vaned feathers have some down feathers at their base. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Down feathers, by contrast, are the soft, fluffy feathers that sit closest to the bird’s skin. These keep birds warm by trapping a layer of air next to their skin and are used to make comforters, pillows, jackets, and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every feather has a central hollow shaft, known as the rachis, and a flat area known as the vane. The vane is made up of hundreds of branches known as barbs. Branching from these barbs are structures known as barbules, some of which are tapered with tiny hooks known as barbibcles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968301\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_duck_rachis_barbs.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1968301 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_duck_rachis_barbs.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barbs extend out from the central rachis on this vaned duck feather. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike down feathers, contour feathers are loaded with barbicels that interlock the neighboring barbs together like Velcro to form a wind and water-resistant barrier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968303\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1968303\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714__duck_feather_barbicles_SEM_labeled-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some barbules have hooked barbicels at their tips allowing them to hook onto the barbules of the neighboring barbs. \u003ccite>(Christopher Gilpin/Purdue University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The strain of flight and locomotion can sometimes force barbules out of alignment. When this happens, the vane of the feather splits, allowing air and water to pass through. To prevent this from happening, birds tend to their feathers regularly, in a process known as preening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds preen by brushing their feathers with their bill. This process allows birds to keep their feathers clean, smooth, and free of parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968307\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_duck_preen.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1968307\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_duck_preen.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A domestic duck preens its feathers to reconnect the barbs and spread wax on the surfaces. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Having well-groomed feathers grants all birds some degree of water resistance, but aquatic birds take it to another level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2435.12820\">study\u003c/a> by scientists at the University of Debrecen in Hungary, aquatic birds like ducks and geese not only have feathers with denser, more tightly knit microstructures than their terrestrial counterparts, but they also have more of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In aquatic species, the density of the feathers is much, much greater than in terrestrial species of similar body size,” said \u003ca href=\"https://avianimmunoecology.wordpress.com/orsolya-vincze/\">Orsolya Vincze\u003c/a>, a research fellow at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences who helped conduct the study. “The barbule density is also much higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having super-dense plumage makes aquatic birds far more water-resistant than their terrestrial cousins, but it doesn’t make them waterproof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To achieve that, aquatic birds coat their feathers with an oily substance known as preen oil, which is secreted from a gland on their rumps, above their tail feathers. This gland, known as the uropygial or preen gland, is present in nearly all birds, but its shape and size varies among species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Dumbacher, aquatic birds tend to have much larger and more developed preen glands than terrestrial birds, which isn’t surprising because “they have to apply oil more regularly,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968308\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_preen_gland_white.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1968308\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/DL714_preen_gland_white.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Most birds have a preen gland on their rump right above their tail feathers. It’s usually covered in stubby feathers that soak up the greasy wax that the gland produces. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When preening, birds rub their beaks against their preen gland to collect oil and then rub it over their feathers. The oil from their preen gland coats the interlocking barbules of their feathers, rendering them waterproof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard work. Some species will spend up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4535237?seq=1\">25% of their waking hours preening\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, preening isn’t just about waterproofing. Preening also rids birds of parasites and moisturizes their feathers so they can stay flexible, strong, and ready for flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the dense microstructure of their feathers and applying copious amounts of preen oil each help insulate aquatic birds from the elements, “it’s really the combination of the two,” that allows them to stay warm and dry even in the chilliest of ponds, said Dumbacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to see the wonder of waterproof feathers in person, Dumbacher recommends heading down to your local pond to watch some ducks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s fun to see how water just flips off the back of a duck,” Dumbacher said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
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