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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Elizabeth Holmes, the former chief executive of the once high-flying biotech startup Theranos, was found \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/elizabeth-holmes-trial-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guilty on four of 11 charges\u003c/a> of defrauding the company’s investors and patients. She was found not guilty on four counts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes could face up to 20 years in prison, although legal experts say her sentence is likely to be less than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the nearly four-month federal trial in San Jose, jurors heard from over 30 witnesses called by prosecutors. Together, they painted Holmes as a charismatic entrepreneur who secured hundreds of millions of dollars in investment for a medical device that never delivered on her promises. When Theranos’ technology fell short, the government argued, Holmes covered it up and kept insisting that the machines would transform how diseases are diagnosed through blood tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury’s decision followed seven days of deliberations. Still, the jury could not reach a unanimous decision on three charges, which will be resolved at a later date..\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Holmes accuses deputy Ramesh “Sunny” Balwani of sexual abuse\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Holmes took the witness stand for more than 20 hours to defend herself. She accused her ex-boyfriend and former deputy at Theranos, Ramesh “Sunny” Balwani, of sexual abuse, saying that clouded her sense of judgement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balwani faces a separate fraud trial in the same court in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes also showed remorse on the stand. She said she wished she had handled some key business matters differently. But she blamed others for the downfall of Theranos. She said lab directors whom she had trusted were the ones closest to the technology. And she said Balwani, not her, oversaw the company’s financial forecasts, which were later discovered to be grossly inflated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the government offered evidence that Holmes had an iron grip on Theranos’ operations. Prosecutors argued she did not stop — and even helped spread —falsehoods about the company that misled investors into pouring millions into the startup. Theranos’ value, once estimated at more than $9 billion, was ultimately squandered.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Promised a finger prick of blood would scan for hundreds of diseases\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Holmes dropped out of Stanford at age 19 to found Theranos. She claimed she had invented a new way to scan for hundreds of diseases using just a drop or two of blood from a finger prick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Theranos’ machines were rolled out to Walgreens stores in California and Arizona, they gave patients false or flawed results. One patient testified that she was led to believe she was having a miscarriage after taking a Theranos test, when indeed her pregnancy was viable. Another patient thought her cancer had returned, when it had not, following a test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for Holmes have vowed to appeal. Legal experts say winning an appeal of a jury verdict is rare, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is unusual for tech executives to face criminal changes when their startups collapse under the weight of unrealized promises. Former prosecutors\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/25/1040442689/elizabeth-holmes-trial-why-her-not-other-ceos\"> have said\u003c/a> that the egregiousness of the fraud at Theranos, and the fact that the startup was in the highly-regulated health care industry, where the health of private citizens is on the line, distinguished this collapse from that of other once-hyped startups that also flamed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Former+Theranos+CEO+Elizabeth+Holmes+is+found+guilty+on+4+counts+in+her+fraud+trial+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Elizabeth Holmes Theranos Trial to Start in July ... of Next Year. The Story So Far",
"headTitle": "Elizabeth Holmes Theranos Trial to Start in July … of Next Year. The Story So Far | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Some people are waiting for the final chapter in the Elizabeth Holmes Theranos saga like fans of the “Game of Thrones” books are waiting for George RR Martin to get his butt in gear and finish the thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is to say, the anticipation continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> a federal judge in Northern California set a date of July 28, 2020 for jury selection in the criminal trial of Holmes, the defunct blood-testing company’s founder and CEO; and Ramesh “Sunny” Balwani, its onetime COO and president. The two have been indicted on nine counts of wire fraud and two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victims, the government claims, were Theranos investors, as well as the doctors and patients who used the company’s supposedly breakthrough blood tests. Each count carries a maximum penalty of up to 20 years imprisonment and $250,000 in fines, though convictions on multiple counts would typically draw sentences that run concurrently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who have perused any of the multiple \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/203018/the-rise-and-fall-of-theranos-a-cartoon-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">narrative accounts\u003c/a> offered up by the still-thriving Theranos Media Industrial Complex know the backstory by now: Elizabeth Holmes, 35, was a Stanford dropout who claimed her company could perform dozens of blood tests from a few finger-sticks of blood for half the price, an advance that would have been massively disruptive to the existing diagnostics industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, with an \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho8geEtCYjw&ab_channel=MedCityNews\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evangelical zeal\u003c/a> that traded on an ethos of patient self-empowerment, she managed to recruit as investors and/or Theranos board members conservative luminaries like Rupert Murdoch, George Shultz and Henry Kissinger, while also \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2016/3/14/11586966/theranos-ceo-elizabeth-holmes-is-holding-a-hillary-fundraiser-with\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ingratiating\u003c/a> herself with big-name \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2015/07/23/vice-president-joe-biden-theranos-elizabeth-holmes-newark-lab-test/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Democrats\u003c/a>. Holmes also successfully lobbied the state of Arizona to \u003ca href=\"https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/author-john-carreyrou-how-theranos-scammed-arizona-10477429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">relax legal contraints\u003c/a> on consumers ordering their own blood tests. And — most crucially — she \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/craving-growth-walgreens-dismissed-its-doubts-about-theranos-1464207285\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">convinced\u003c/a> the pharmacy chain Walgreen’s to house Theranos “wellness centers” in dozens of its stores in the state. At one point, Forbes \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2016/06/01/from-4-5-billion-to-nothing-forbes-revises-estimated-net-worth-of-theranos-founder-elizabeth-holmes/#7eac7ede3633\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimated\u003c/a> her net worth at $4.5 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investigation\u003c/a> (and later a book) by Wall Street Journal reporter John Carreyrou exposed Theranos’ claims as bogus, and its testing results as wildly inaccurate. The company was subsequently forced to invalidate hundreds of thousands of blood tests performed on patients, and it eventually exited the consumer blood-testing business after the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services found deficiencies at the company’s laboratory that the agency deemed life-threatening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Securities and Exchange Commission later accused Holmes and Balwani of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-41\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">massive fraud\u003c/a>” for raising more than $700 million from investors based on what the SEC called “exaggerated” or “false statements about the company’s technology, business, and financial performance.” Holmes settled the civil case with the agency by agreeing to pay a $500,000 fine and giving up control of Theranos. Balwani is still \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-14/ex-theranos-president-wins-bid-to-fight-u-s-sec-at-same-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fighting\u003c/a> the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Discredited, investigated and serially sued, Theranos then went through multiple rounds of layoffs before \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444285/theranos-is-shutting-down\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closing its doors\u003c/a> for good in September 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Slam Dunk for the Government? Not So Fast\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Holmes has become something of a national pariah who appears to be taking \u003ca href=\"https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/02/as-theranos-burned-elizabeth-holmes-was-partyingat-burning-man\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">public relations\u003c/a> advice from \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewsonline.com/what-pr-pros-can-learn-from-elon-musks-weekend-of-deflection/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elon Musk\u003c/a>, her legal fate and that of Balwani could be far from certain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Molly Peterson spoke about the case today with Peter Johnson, a lecturer at UCLA who defends federal criminal charges in private practice. While wire fraud is a go-to allegation in most white collar indictments, Johnson said, it’s not just the transmission of a lie or misrepresentation that will secure a conviction. The government also needs to prove intent, a harder lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An indictment is not evidence,” Johnson said. “I think sometimes we lose that; the evidence comes out at trial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas Joo, a UC Davis School of Law professor, told Peterson that the question of whether Balwani and Holmes \u003cem>meant\u003c/em> to lie, mislead or defraud offers them plenty of potential defenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She could argue that she never misrepresented any facts, she was just talking about possibilities,” Joo said. While experts may have no differences on the science involved in the case, he said, they may disagree on scientific process and theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about what \u003cem>could\u003c/em> have happened,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both experts said discovery and pretrial efforts around expert testimony will shed more light on legal strategy down the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a Bloomberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-28/fighting-theranos-charges-holmes-blames-advocacy-journalism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis\u003c/a> that asserts a motion filed by Holmes’ lawyers last week indicates they will try to make reporter Carreyrou part of their defense, by claiming he influenced government regulators “in a way that appears to have warped the agencies’ focus on the company and possibly biased the agencies’ findings against it,” in the words of the filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And On It Goes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, while Elizabeth Holmes may be out of business, business related to Elizabeth Holmes continues apace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This case is just so extreme in the extent of pretrial publicity,” Joo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wasn’t kidding. In fact, one can just imagine a young Elizabeth Holmes mulling over one of those sweet deals typically offered by genies, demons and the like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Elizabeth, sign here and one day you’ll be the subject of an HBO\u003ca href=\"https://www.hbo.com/documentaries/the-inventor-out-for-blood-in-silicon-valley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> documentary\u003c/a>, an ABC\u003ca href=\"https://abcradio.com/podcasts/the-dropout/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> podcast\u003c/a>, a best-selling \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/442098/book-excerpt-one-execs-tumultuous-last-day-at-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">book\u003c/a>, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/theranos-tv-series-the-dropout-coming-to-hulu-kate-mckinnon-to-star-2019-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TV show\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"https://people.com/movies/elizabeth-holmes-theranos-jennifer-lawrence-movie/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">movie\u003c/a> with a glamorous Hollywood \u003ca href=\"https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/06/jennifer-lawrence-will-star-as-elizabeth-holmes-in-a-movie-about-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">star\u003c/a> in the role of you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in all dealings surrounding Theranos, it’s best to read the fine print.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Molly Peterson contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Elizabeth Holmes faces years in prison for her role as the founder and CEO of the blood-testing startup Theranos. Here's a recap of how we got here.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Some people are waiting for the final chapter in the Elizabeth Holmes Theranos saga like fans of the “Game of Thrones” books are waiting for George RR Martin to get his butt in gear and finish the thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is to say, the anticipation continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> a federal judge in Northern California set a date of July 28, 2020 for jury selection in the criminal trial of Holmes, the defunct blood-testing company’s founder and CEO; and Ramesh “Sunny” Balwani, its onetime COO and president. The two have been indicted on nine counts of wire fraud and two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victims, the government claims, were Theranos investors, as well as the doctors and patients who used the company’s supposedly breakthrough blood tests. Each count carries a maximum penalty of up to 20 years imprisonment and $250,000 in fines, though convictions on multiple counts would typically draw sentences that run concurrently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who have perused any of the multiple \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/203018/the-rise-and-fall-of-theranos-a-cartoon-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">narrative accounts\u003c/a> offered up by the still-thriving Theranos Media Industrial Complex know the backstory by now: Elizabeth Holmes, 35, was a Stanford dropout who claimed her company could perform dozens of blood tests from a few finger-sticks of blood for half the price, an advance that would have been massively disruptive to the existing diagnostics industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, with an \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho8geEtCYjw&ab_channel=MedCityNews\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evangelical zeal\u003c/a> that traded on an ethos of patient self-empowerment, she managed to recruit as investors and/or Theranos board members conservative luminaries like Rupert Murdoch, George Shultz and Henry Kissinger, while also \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2016/3/14/11586966/theranos-ceo-elizabeth-holmes-is-holding-a-hillary-fundraiser-with\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ingratiating\u003c/a> herself with big-name \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2015/07/23/vice-president-joe-biden-theranos-elizabeth-holmes-newark-lab-test/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Democrats\u003c/a>. Holmes also successfully lobbied the state of Arizona to \u003ca href=\"https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/author-john-carreyrou-how-theranos-scammed-arizona-10477429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">relax legal contraints\u003c/a> on consumers ordering their own blood tests. And — most crucially — she \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/craving-growth-walgreens-dismissed-its-doubts-about-theranos-1464207285\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">convinced\u003c/a> the pharmacy chain Walgreen’s to house Theranos “wellness centers” in dozens of its stores in the state. At one point, Forbes \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2016/06/01/from-4-5-billion-to-nothing-forbes-revises-estimated-net-worth-of-theranos-founder-elizabeth-holmes/#7eac7ede3633\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimated\u003c/a> her net worth at $4.5 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investigation\u003c/a> (and later a book) by Wall Street Journal reporter John Carreyrou exposed Theranos’ claims as bogus, and its testing results as wildly inaccurate. The company was subsequently forced to invalidate hundreds of thousands of blood tests performed on patients, and it eventually exited the consumer blood-testing business after the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services found deficiencies at the company’s laboratory that the agency deemed life-threatening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Securities and Exchange Commission later accused Holmes and Balwani of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-41\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">massive fraud\u003c/a>” for raising more than $700 million from investors based on what the SEC called “exaggerated” or “false statements about the company’s technology, business, and financial performance.” Holmes settled the civil case with the agency by agreeing to pay a $500,000 fine and giving up control of Theranos. Balwani is still \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-14/ex-theranos-president-wins-bid-to-fight-u-s-sec-at-same-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fighting\u003c/a> the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Discredited, investigated and serially sued, Theranos then went through multiple rounds of layoffs before \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444285/theranos-is-shutting-down\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closing its doors\u003c/a> for good in September 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Slam Dunk for the Government? Not So Fast\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Holmes has become something of a national pariah who appears to be taking \u003ca href=\"https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/02/as-theranos-burned-elizabeth-holmes-was-partyingat-burning-man\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">public relations\u003c/a> advice from \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewsonline.com/what-pr-pros-can-learn-from-elon-musks-weekend-of-deflection/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elon Musk\u003c/a>, her legal fate and that of Balwani could be far from certain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Molly Peterson spoke about the case today with Peter Johnson, a lecturer at UCLA who defends federal criminal charges in private practice. While wire fraud is a go-to allegation in most white collar indictments, Johnson said, it’s not just the transmission of a lie or misrepresentation that will secure a conviction. The government also needs to prove intent, a harder lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An indictment is not evidence,” Johnson said. “I think sometimes we lose that; the evidence comes out at trial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas Joo, a UC Davis School of Law professor, told Peterson that the question of whether Balwani and Holmes \u003cem>meant\u003c/em> to lie, mislead or defraud offers them plenty of potential defenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She could argue that she never misrepresented any facts, she was just talking about possibilities,” Joo said. While experts may have no differences on the science involved in the case, he said, they may disagree on scientific process and theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about what \u003cem>could\u003c/em> have happened,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both experts said discovery and pretrial efforts around expert testimony will shed more light on legal strategy down the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a Bloomberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-28/fighting-theranos-charges-holmes-blames-advocacy-journalism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis\u003c/a> that asserts a motion filed by Holmes’ lawyers last week indicates they will try to make reporter Carreyrou part of their defense, by claiming he influenced government regulators “in a way that appears to have warped the agencies’ focus on the company and possibly biased the agencies’ findings against it,” in the words of the filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And On It Goes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, while Elizabeth Holmes may be out of business, business related to Elizabeth Holmes continues apace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This case is just so extreme in the extent of pretrial publicity,” Joo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wasn’t kidding. In fact, one can just imagine a young Elizabeth Holmes mulling over one of those sweet deals typically offered by genies, demons and the like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Elizabeth, sign here and one day you’ll be the subject of an HBO\u003ca href=\"https://www.hbo.com/documentaries/the-inventor-out-for-blood-in-silicon-valley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> documentary\u003c/a>, an ABC\u003ca href=\"https://abcradio.com/podcasts/the-dropout/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> podcast\u003c/a>, a best-selling \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/442098/book-excerpt-one-execs-tumultuous-last-day-at-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">book\u003c/a>, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/theranos-tv-series-the-dropout-coming-to-hulu-kate-mckinnon-to-star-2019-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TV show\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"https://people.com/movies/elizabeth-holmes-theranos-jennifer-lawrence-movie/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">movie\u003c/a> with a glamorous Hollywood \u003ca href=\"https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/06/jennifer-lawrence-will-star-as-elizabeth-holmes-in-a-movie-about-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">star\u003c/a> in the role of you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in all dealings surrounding Theranos, it’s best to read the fine print.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Molly Peterson contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Interview: Theranos Whistleblower Erika Cheung Thinks Elizabeth Holmes Should Spend Years in Prison",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/span>he joined Theranos fresh out of the University of California, Berkeley, a self-described “starry-eyed’’ 22-year-old chemist and biologist who saw Elizabeth Holmes as a role model: the CEO who would revolutionize the blood testing industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[pullquote align='right'] ‘\u003c/span>I think people can be forgiven for mistakes that they’ve made. But at the same time, to set that example, to say that you have lied to your investors, you have lied to your employees, you endangered the lives of tens of thousands of patients. And now, you’re going to just get away with that? What kind of example does that set for other people within this industry?’\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">Seven months later, Erika Cheung quit her job as a lab associate at the company and became a disillusioned whistleblower, her life now enveloped by one of the biggest business scandals in American history. She was among those who had made clear to federal regulators that she viewed Holmes as a liar who had put patients at risk. (Holmes, and her company’s former president, Ramesh Balwani, have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/theranos-founder-and-former-chief-operating-officer-charged-alleged-wire-fraud-schemes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indicted on charges of defrauding investors\u003c/a> out of hundreds of millions of dollars as well as deceiving hundreds of patients and doctors.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">In an interview with STAT, Cheung reflected on how she was duped by Holmes, why she believes the disgraced CEO should spend at least five years in prison and how the rifts between her fellow whistleblower Tyler Shultz, and his famous grandfather, George Shultz, went on longer than people know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postid=\"futureofyou_203018\"]Shultz and Cheung, both close friends, have turned their attention since they left Theranos to creating an organization called Ethics in Entrepreneurship in the hope of offering advice for people in the world of technology to sniff out bad players early on. Cheung, now 28, lives in Hong Kong, but was in Boston this week to appear at the Atlantic magazine’s Pulse Summit on Health Care, which was co-sponsored by STAT. Here is a transcript of the interview, which was edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think Elizabeth Holmes should go to jail?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. I’m not the type of person to want to serially punish someone for something that they’ve done. I think people can be forgiven for mistakes that they’ve made. But at the same time, to set that example, to say that you have lied to your investors, you have lied to your employees, you endangered the lives of tens of thousands of patients. And now, you’re going to just get away with that? What kind of example does that set for other people within this industry? That it’s OK to raise a whole bunch of money, put on this theatrical show and now walk away scot-free, versus the Fyre Festival guy. On a much smaller scale, all these partygoers ended up going to this festival; they were in FEMA tents and everything, he got five to six years. (She was referring to Billy McFarland, the founder of the Fyre Festival, who was recently sentenced to six years in prison for promoting a “luxury music festival’’ that bilked its backers.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long do you want to see her locked up? What would make you feel like she’s paying …\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her dues? For me, honestly, my only agenda in all of this was for them to stop processing patient samples. Everything beyond that I’m going to leave it up to the justice system. I just wish that she would have the common sense to come forward and apologize. In terms of number of years in prison? Definitely more, I suppose, than the Fyre Festival guy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you make of her being very public these days, out with her \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/02/inside-elizabeth-holmess-final-months-at-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>reported fiance\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> and her dog?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s just weird. It’s just a bit surreal. When you see someone have this situation and pretend that everything is normal. It’s so bizarre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elizabeth Holmes interviewed you to get the job. Did you think anything was off at the beginning?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially I came in starry-eyed. I admired Elizabeth Holmes. She was this female entrepreneur in biotech. Really what she represented to me was that you could work really hard and get to a position of running your own company. There was something very powerful about the mission she was trying to put forward: making health care accessible, affordable, allowing for price transparency when you get your blood diagnostics. It’s not until you look at her as a character in retrospect that you realize the red flags and warning signs of her behavior and her personality and the kind of act that she put on to be the front face of Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When did things turn for you?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things started to turn for me about a month, two months in. Initially I started in research and development. When things fail in R&D, that’s fine. That’s expected. But about a month in we were starting to get patients that were rolling in from our Walgreens center in Palo Alto. And I had run this patient sample and before I’d run the patient sample, I was running all these quality controls and they kept failing. And failing. Over and over. I was up until 3 a.m. trying to get quality controls to work and they weren’t working. Things weren’t working all the time. They were deleting data as outliers. Untrained staff were making decisions. Upper level management was saying, “Just get the results out,” at any cost. And get it out quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The better-known whistleblower, your friend Tyler Shultz, knew Holmes much better through his grandfather. (George Shultz was a former secretary of state and investor and champion of Holmes, who sided with her when his grandson started raising doubts.)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tyler was a good contact for me to have because he had direct contact with Elizabeth Holmes because of his grandfather. He was eating Thanksgiving dinner with Elizabeth Holmes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are things OK with Tyler and his grandfather?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. It took a while. A lot longer than I think people realize. It took quite a while. Until seven months ago. I think his grandfather finally realized the truth. They’re finally getting dinner together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not what it was. It’s hard, right? For George Shultz, this was a legacy investment in a way. This was one of those last final projects that he was investing in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It must have been very painful for Tyler.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, yeah. Can you imagine? Tyler’s dad too. Tyler’s dad had to be put between his own father and his son. Tyler’s dad supported Tyler but really wanted it to end, all the legal battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are you surprised by all the sustained publicity over Theranos, the major movie projects?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. It’s blown up into this big story, this big case. One, she got hyped up to this large degree. She was on Fortune, she was considered the youngest billionaire in the United States. And I think rising to the height of everyone treating her as this celebrity and realizing it was on a basis of lies, and not only that it was a company that was around health care. This was people’s lives. It wasn’t developing an app that was like janky you couldn’t get your pizza delivered on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s your sense of whether Elizabeth Holmes knowingly committed fraud or deluded herself about her actions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard when you’re dealing with someone who was clearly delusional to really understand what is going on in their head and what they perceive as reality versus what they’ve sort of imagined. Do I think she was out to scam everybody from the very beginning? At lot of people disagree with me, but I don’t think that was the case. I think she went in, at least initially, with good intentions. But she let her ego get in the way. She was more focused on being the next Steve Jobs of health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>People have called her a “psychopath.’’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know her well enough. But clearly there’s something not right with her. She’s never made an apology. She’s never come forward to the patients and said, “Hey, I’m sorry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When you say she’s “not right,’’ do you look back at any clues that you didn’t pick up on?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secrecy. The extreme amount of paranoia of these big medical diagnostic companies going to come after her and destroy her technology. The fact that before you even go in there and interview you have to sign an NDA. Responding to questions, “Well, until you work for the company, that’s trade secrets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did you see that during your interview with Holmes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She just dodged a lot of questions. Like, “Oh, so what kind of technology are you guys using to run the blood samples?” It would always be the case, “Until you work for the company, those are trade secrets — you’ll be able to find out what we’re working on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the most off-the-wall thing you saw Holmes do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lying. Watching her do an article with Fortune or with Forbes, and it would just be such a different picture, just a wildly different picture of what was going on internally in the company versus what was being portrayed in the media. It was so disparate to the reality: Sitting at your lab bench and going, “What is she talking about?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are you doing now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I founded a \u003ca href=\"http://ethicsinentrepreneurship.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nonprofit\u003c/a> basically focused on preventing major scandals from happening, like Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re focused on three different stakeholders: providing resources and tools for entrepreneurs, so that at every stage of development they understand the ethical considerations in building a business and in running a business, from hiring to the culture you implement to building your product. We’re working with ethics departments and seasoned lawyers and compliance officers to basically build out the tools to help entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How big is your staff?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We launched six weeks ago. At the moment we have six people. I’m the only full-time. Tyler is coming on board; he helps with introductions and the strategy of the organization. At this point, we’re self-funded and we’re talking to a few investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are long-standing consequences of the Theranos saga?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investors are very cautious. Is this the next Theranos? A lot of people are very discouraged by this whole scenario. What are the implications of having a strong female founder in biotech being associated with the largest and biggest scandal in Silicon Valley to date? What are the unconscious biases that may go against female founders who are very charismatic, who are very good at selling, in terms of approaching investors or selling to customers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think this could happen again?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah. Maybe not in the same style. A lot of people have been very skeptical of the fireworks and show that Silicon Valley puts on about how they’re going to change the world and make an impact in this very grandiose way without necessarily having the evidence to back up how they’re going to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As software in general starts to integrate more into regulated industries, we’re going to have to be on high alert of these types of scenarios happening again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now that Holmes is out of the picture, is there a woman founder in the sciences you admire?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I like Anne Wojcicki from 23andMe. She’s a very kind, strong female leader. She’s very pragmatic. She’s been able to confront these different challenges of building a tech company in a highly regulated space with a certain level of sensibility about her. It’s not that she gets defeated when regulatory challenges come up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your advice to entrepreneurs to do good in the health space?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There still is a lot of opportunity to solve a lot of problems in health care. And even though Theranos was how not to do things, there are many good ways to do things well and we’re at an exciting period in this convergence between software and computing power and biology and synthetic biology that really we’re going to start seeing a lot of innovation in the health care space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2019/05/01/from-protegee-to-whistleblower-a-former-theranos-scientist-says-elizabeth-holmes-should-come-forward-and-apologize/\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In an interview, Elizabeth Cheung reflects on how she went from starry-eyed to disillusioned at Theranos and why she thinks Elizabeth Holmes, the company's disgraced CEO, should spend at least five years in prison.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/span>he joined Theranos fresh out of the University of California, Berkeley, a self-described “starry-eyed’’ 22-year-old chemist and biologist who saw Elizabeth Holmes as a role model: the CEO who would revolutionize the blood testing industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": " ‘\u003c/span>I think people can be forgiven for mistakes that they’ve made. But at the same time, to set that example, to say that you have lied to your investors, you have lied to your employees, you endangered the lives of tens of thousands of patients. And now, you’re going to just get away with that? What kind of example does that set for other people within this industry?’\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">Seven months later, Erika Cheung quit her job as a lab associate at the company and became a disillusioned whistleblower, her life now enveloped by one of the biggest business scandals in American history. She was among those who had made clear to federal regulators that she viewed Holmes as a liar who had put patients at risk. (Holmes, and her company’s former president, Ramesh Balwani, have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/theranos-founder-and-former-chief-operating-officer-charged-alleged-wire-fraud-schemes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indicted on charges of defrauding investors\u003c/a> out of hundreds of millions of dollars as well as deceiving hundreds of patients and doctors.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">In an interview with STAT, Cheung reflected on how she was duped by Holmes, why she believes the disgraced CEO should spend at least five years in prison and how the rifts between her fellow whistleblower Tyler Shultz, and his famous grandfather, George Shultz, went on longer than people know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Shultz and Cheung, both close friends, have turned their attention since they left Theranos to creating an organization called Ethics in Entrepreneurship in the hope of offering advice for people in the world of technology to sniff out bad players early on. Cheung, now 28, lives in Hong Kong, but was in Boston this week to appear at the Atlantic magazine’s Pulse Summit on Health Care, which was co-sponsored by STAT. Here is a transcript of the interview, which was edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think Elizabeth Holmes should go to jail?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. I’m not the type of person to want to serially punish someone for something that they’ve done. I think people can be forgiven for mistakes that they’ve made. But at the same time, to set that example, to say that you have lied to your investors, you have lied to your employees, you endangered the lives of tens of thousands of patients. And now, you’re going to just get away with that? What kind of example does that set for other people within this industry? That it’s OK to raise a whole bunch of money, put on this theatrical show and now walk away scot-free, versus the Fyre Festival guy. On a much smaller scale, all these partygoers ended up going to this festival; they were in FEMA tents and everything, he got five to six years. (She was referring to Billy McFarland, the founder of the Fyre Festival, who was recently sentenced to six years in prison for promoting a “luxury music festival’’ that bilked its backers.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long do you want to see her locked up? What would make you feel like she’s paying …\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her dues? For me, honestly, my only agenda in all of this was for them to stop processing patient samples. Everything beyond that I’m going to leave it up to the justice system. I just wish that she would have the common sense to come forward and apologize. In terms of number of years in prison? Definitely more, I suppose, than the Fyre Festival guy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you make of her being very public these days, out with her \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/02/inside-elizabeth-holmess-final-months-at-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>reported fiance\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> and her dog?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s just weird. It’s just a bit surreal. When you see someone have this situation and pretend that everything is normal. It’s so bizarre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elizabeth Holmes interviewed you to get the job. Did you think anything was off at the beginning?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially I came in starry-eyed. I admired Elizabeth Holmes. She was this female entrepreneur in biotech. Really what she represented to me was that you could work really hard and get to a position of running your own company. There was something very powerful about the mission she was trying to put forward: making health care accessible, affordable, allowing for price transparency when you get your blood diagnostics. It’s not until you look at her as a character in retrospect that you realize the red flags and warning signs of her behavior and her personality and the kind of act that she put on to be the front face of Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When did things turn for you?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things started to turn for me about a month, two months in. Initially I started in research and development. When things fail in R&D, that’s fine. That’s expected. But about a month in we were starting to get patients that were rolling in from our Walgreens center in Palo Alto. And I had run this patient sample and before I’d run the patient sample, I was running all these quality controls and they kept failing. And failing. Over and over. I was up until 3 a.m. trying to get quality controls to work and they weren’t working. Things weren’t working all the time. They were deleting data as outliers. Untrained staff were making decisions. Upper level management was saying, “Just get the results out,” at any cost. And get it out quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The better-known whistleblower, your friend Tyler Shultz, knew Holmes much better through his grandfather. (George Shultz was a former secretary of state and investor and champion of Holmes, who sided with her when his grandson started raising doubts.)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tyler was a good contact for me to have because he had direct contact with Elizabeth Holmes because of his grandfather. He was eating Thanksgiving dinner with Elizabeth Holmes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are things OK with Tyler and his grandfather?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. It took a while. A lot longer than I think people realize. It took quite a while. Until seven months ago. I think his grandfather finally realized the truth. They’re finally getting dinner together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not what it was. It’s hard, right? For George Shultz, this was a legacy investment in a way. This was one of those last final projects that he was investing in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It must have been very painful for Tyler.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, yeah. Can you imagine? Tyler’s dad too. Tyler’s dad had to be put between his own father and his son. Tyler’s dad supported Tyler but really wanted it to end, all the legal battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are you surprised by all the sustained publicity over Theranos, the major movie projects?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. It’s blown up into this big story, this big case. One, she got hyped up to this large degree. She was on Fortune, she was considered the youngest billionaire in the United States. And I think rising to the height of everyone treating her as this celebrity and realizing it was on a basis of lies, and not only that it was a company that was around health care. This was people’s lives. It wasn’t developing an app that was like janky you couldn’t get your pizza delivered on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s your sense of whether Elizabeth Holmes knowingly committed fraud or deluded herself about her actions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard when you’re dealing with someone who was clearly delusional to really understand what is going on in their head and what they perceive as reality versus what they’ve sort of imagined. Do I think she was out to scam everybody from the very beginning? At lot of people disagree with me, but I don’t think that was the case. I think she went in, at least initially, with good intentions. But she let her ego get in the way. She was more focused on being the next Steve Jobs of health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>People have called her a “psychopath.’’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know her well enough. But clearly there’s something not right with her. She’s never made an apology. She’s never come forward to the patients and said, “Hey, I’m sorry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When you say she’s “not right,’’ do you look back at any clues that you didn’t pick up on?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secrecy. The extreme amount of paranoia of these big medical diagnostic companies going to come after her and destroy her technology. The fact that before you even go in there and interview you have to sign an NDA. Responding to questions, “Well, until you work for the company, that’s trade secrets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did you see that during your interview with Holmes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She just dodged a lot of questions. Like, “Oh, so what kind of technology are you guys using to run the blood samples?” It would always be the case, “Until you work for the company, those are trade secrets — you’ll be able to find out what we’re working on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the most off-the-wall thing you saw Holmes do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lying. Watching her do an article with Fortune or with Forbes, and it would just be such a different picture, just a wildly different picture of what was going on internally in the company versus what was being portrayed in the media. It was so disparate to the reality: Sitting at your lab bench and going, “What is she talking about?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are you doing now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I founded a \u003ca href=\"http://ethicsinentrepreneurship.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nonprofit\u003c/a> basically focused on preventing major scandals from happening, like Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re focused on three different stakeholders: providing resources and tools for entrepreneurs, so that at every stage of development they understand the ethical considerations in building a business and in running a business, from hiring to the culture you implement to building your product. We’re working with ethics departments and seasoned lawyers and compliance officers to basically build out the tools to help entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How big is your staff?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We launched six weeks ago. At the moment we have six people. I’m the only full-time. Tyler is coming on board; he helps with introductions and the strategy of the organization. At this point, we’re self-funded and we’re talking to a few investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are long-standing consequences of the Theranos saga?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investors are very cautious. Is this the next Theranos? A lot of people are very discouraged by this whole scenario. What are the implications of having a strong female founder in biotech being associated with the largest and biggest scandal in Silicon Valley to date? What are the unconscious biases that may go against female founders who are very charismatic, who are very good at selling, in terms of approaching investors or selling to customers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think this could happen again?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah. Maybe not in the same style. A lot of people have been very skeptical of the fireworks and show that Silicon Valley puts on about how they’re going to change the world and make an impact in this very grandiose way without necessarily having the evidence to back up how they’re going to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As software in general starts to integrate more into regulated industries, we’re going to have to be on high alert of these types of scenarios happening again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now that Holmes is out of the picture, is there a woman founder in the sciences you admire?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I like Anne Wojcicki from 23andMe. She’s a very kind, strong female leader. She’s very pragmatic. She’s been able to confront these different challenges of building a tech company in a highly regulated space with a certain level of sensibility about her. It’s not that she gets defeated when regulatory challenges come up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your advice to entrepreneurs to do good in the health space?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There still is a lot of opportunity to solve a lot of problems in health care. And even though Theranos was how not to do things, there are many good ways to do things well and we’re at an exciting period in this convergence between software and computing power and biology and synthetic biology that really we’re going to start seeing a lot of innovation in the health care space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2019/05/01/from-protegee-to-whistleblower-a-former-theranos-scientist-says-elizabeth-holmes-should-come-forward-and-apologize/\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Elizabeth Holmes Appears in Court But Still No Trial Date in Theranos Fraud Case",
"headTitle": "Elizabeth Holmes Appears in Court But Still No Trial Date in Theranos Fraud Case | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A federal court on Monday heard arguments over when to start the trial of former Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes and her former No. 2 Sunny Balwani, who are accused of defrauding investors, patients, and doctors in a blood-testing scandal that has rocked the business world and captivated the public imagination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A judge proposed a trial start date of July 8, multiple news organizations reported from a status conference in federal court in San Jose on Monday. But the trial will likely start later than that, perhaps even next year. The next status conference for the case is scheduled for July 1. Whenever it happens, the trial is certain to draw attention far beyond the world of health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes and Balwani are charged with two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and nine counts of wire fraud. They each face a maximum of 20 years in prison and up to $2.7 million in fines, a figure that doesn’t include any cash the government might demand as restitution for the alleged fraud. Holmes and Balwani have each pleaded not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to prosecutors, the former couple presided over a yearslong fraudulent scheme, lying about the capabilities of their blood-testing technology while making grand projections about future profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Holmes and Theranos settled similar fraud charges brought by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Balwani has contested the SEC charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes stepped down from the company in June, and Theranos shut down in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impending trial is the latest twist in a saga that began when Holmes dropped out of Stanford as a 19-year-old sophomore to found Theranos. Her company soared to a $9 billion valuation, the largest of any venture-backed health care firm, on the promise that it could diagnose scores of diseases with only the blood from a pin prick. But the story came unstuck in 2015 with a series of damning revelations in The Wall Street Journal, setting in motion a series of lawsuits, layoffs, and regulatory crackdowns that would eventually doom the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The saga has since become the subject of a book, a podcast, and competing documentaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear yet what strategy Holmes’s lawyers will deploy to defend her in the upcoming trial. But a motion they filed last week suggests that it could involve jabbing at John Carreyrou, the Wall Street Journal reporter who broke the story of wrongdoing at Theranos and whose reporting spurred a series of regulatory investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The jury should be aware that an outside actor, eager to break a story (and portray the story as a work of investigative journalism), was exerting influence on the regulatory process in a way that appears to have warped the agencies’ focus on the company and possibly biased the agencies’ findings against it,” Holmes’s lawyers wrote in their motion. In an apparent effort to bolster that defense, Holmes’s lawyers are also seeking records documenting Carreyrou’s communications with the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2019/04/22/criminal-trial-for-ex-theranos-ceo-elizabeth-holmes-may-start-this-summer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal court on Monday heard arguments over when to start the trial of former Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes and her former No. 2 Sunny Balwani, who are accused of defrauding investors, patients, and doctors in a blood-testing scandal that has rocked the business world and captivated the public imagination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A judge proposed a trial start date of July 8, multiple news organizations reported from a status conference in federal court in San Jose on Monday. But the trial will likely start later than that, perhaps even next year. The next status conference for the case is scheduled for July 1. Whenever it happens, the trial is certain to draw attention far beyond the world of health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes and Balwani are charged with two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and nine counts of wire fraud. They each face a maximum of 20 years in prison and up to $2.7 million in fines, a figure that doesn’t include any cash the government might demand as restitution for the alleged fraud. Holmes and Balwani have each pleaded not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to prosecutors, the former couple presided over a yearslong fraudulent scheme, lying about the capabilities of their blood-testing technology while making grand projections about future profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Holmes and Theranos settled similar fraud charges brought by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Balwani has contested the SEC charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes stepped down from the company in June, and Theranos shut down in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impending trial is the latest twist in a saga that began when Holmes dropped out of Stanford as a 19-year-old sophomore to found Theranos. Her company soared to a $9 billion valuation, the largest of any venture-backed health care firm, on the promise that it could diagnose scores of diseases with only the blood from a pin prick. But the story came unstuck in 2015 with a series of damning revelations in The Wall Street Journal, setting in motion a series of lawsuits, layoffs, and regulatory crackdowns that would eventually doom the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The saga has since become the subject of a book, a podcast, and competing documentaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear yet what strategy Holmes’s lawyers will deploy to defend her in the upcoming trial. But a motion they filed last week suggests that it could involve jabbing at John Carreyrou, the Wall Street Journal reporter who broke the story of wrongdoing at Theranos and whose reporting spurred a series of regulatory investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The jury should be aware that an outside actor, eager to break a story (and portray the story as a work of investigative journalism), was exerting influence on the regulatory process in a way that appears to have warped the agencies’ focus on the company and possibly biased the agencies’ findings against it,” Holmes’s lawyers wrote in their motion. In an apparent effort to bolster that defense, Holmes’s lawyers are also seeking records documenting Carreyrou’s communications with the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2019/04/22/criminal-trial-for-ex-theranos-ceo-elizabeth-holmes-may-start-this-summer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Reporters' Choice: The 2016 Science Stories You Don't Want To Miss",
"headTitle": "Reporters’ Choice: The 2016 Science Stories You Don’t Want To Miss | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>This year, we asked our reporters to choose stories from 2016 they thought you shouldn’t miss. Perhaps it’s because the story is so thoroughly unbelievable, or it’s that the hype doesn’t bear much resemblance to the reality, or maybe it’s a meaningful story that’s largely unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those reasons and more, here are the stories KQED Science reporters think you’ll be glad you know about, as you watch the stories continue to unfold in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lauren Sommer: What To Do With Too Much Solar Power?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2016 is likely to end as a banner year for solar energy in California; the state is steaming toward a goal of 33 percent renewable energy by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the influx of solar power has created a surprising problem: on some days, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/04/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">there’s simply too much\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-616162\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg\" alt=\"Solar_Desktop\" width=\"1730\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg 1730w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-400x231.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-800x462.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-768x444.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-1440x832.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-1180x682.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-960x555.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1730px) 100vw, 1730px\">\u003c/a>It happens on spring days, when Californians aren’t using much air conditioning and demand for power is low. The surge of midday power, when the sun is at its peak, is more than the grid needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown’s administration has proposed a controversial solution to help with this: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/04/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">joining California’s grid\u003c/a> with other Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Governor Brown’s plan \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-regional-electricity-grid-20160808-snap-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hit a roadblock\u003c/a> in the state legislature, and he’s vowed to bring it back in the new year. The shifting political winds accompanying president-elect Trump could also \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2016/12/one-climate-change-initiative-on-which-trump-could-cause-california-to-retrench-108052\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spell its demise\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jon Brooks: Theranos’ Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Year\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos started 2016 facing the fallout from a devastating \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/26/for-theranos-the-bad-news-keeps-coming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wall Street Journal investigation\u003c/a>. The reports alleged a bevy of improprieties and inaccuracies related to the company’s secret technology, which Theranos claimed could perform dozens of remarkably inexpensive blood tests using just a few drops of blood from a finger prick. That breakthrough innovation, Theranos founder and college dropout Elizabeth Holmes had claimed, would upend a $55 billion industry–a claim that enticed investors, the media, and pharmacy giant Walgreens to get in on the action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1262387\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 482px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1262387\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Clinton and Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes during closing session of Clinton Global Initiative on Sept. 29, 2015 in New York City. Not long after, it all went wrong for Holmes and her company.\" width=\"482\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes.jpg 3000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Clinton and Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes during closing session of Clinton Global Initiative on Sept. 29, 2015 in New York City. Not long after, it all went wrong for Holmes and her company. \u003ccite>(JP Yim/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Journal stories, however, were only a prelude. By mid-year, the name Theranos had become shorthand for Silicon Valley hubris. The company even \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/hbo-silicon-valley-takes-shot-at-theranos-2016-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earned mention\u003c/a> as a fraud on the cult HBO hit “Silicon Valley.” The unraveling was as relentless as it was spellbinding: A damning, federal lab inspection resulted in unprecedented, crippling sanctions — inaccurate tests had potentially put patients’ lives at risk, the government found, and the company later invalidated tens of thousands of test results. Federal investigations brewed, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/12/walgreens-shutting-down-theranos-centers-immediately-as-it-ends-partnership/\">Walgreens bailed\u003c/a>, lawsuits proliferated, and an attempted reboot at an annual meeting of lab scientists was deemed by some to be little more than an attempt at distraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, the once-confrontational company cried “uncle,” shutting down its consumer testing business and laying off 40 percent of its workforce. But a last 2016 indignity remained: In December, The Wall Street Journal revealed the identities of a coterie of Theranos’ previously anonymous investors. It seems someone at Theranos had failed to use the :bcc function on a mass email. “\u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/theranos-cant-even-send-a-goddamn-email-right-1789713944\">Theranos Can’t Even Send a Goddamn Email Right\u003c/a>” said the website Gizmodo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still to come for Holmes: \u003ca href=\"http://deadline.com/2016/06/adam-mckay-jennifer-lawrence-theranos-elizabeth-holmes-movie-rights-auction-1201774846/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hollywood rubs it in\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesley McClurg: So … Are We Supposed to Worry About Zika?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/TravelAssociatedCasesofZikaVirusinCA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">450 cases \u003c/a>of Californians diagnosed with Zika virus. Not one person contracted Zika in California; all of them returned with the disease after visiting Zika-infested countries such as Brazil and Colombia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was hard to tell from the media panic in early 2016 that California residents don’t have much to worry about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California counties, public health officials \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/03/21/what-californians-need-to-know-about-zika-virus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">don’t predict\u003c/a> a large local outbreak. The state has generally mild temperatures and desert air. The mosquitoes that carry Zika thrive in hot, humid weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika broke into the news in 2015 after an unusual number of babies in Brazil were born with a neurological condition called microcephaly, a rare disease causing an infant’s head to be abnormally small.\u003cspan lang=\"EN\"> There’s also an association between Zika and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/GBS.aspx\">\u003cspan lang=\"EN\">Guillain-Barré Syndrome\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan lang=\"EN\">, a disease affecting the nervous system.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials warn pregnant women to avoid traveling to more than \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/zika-information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sixty countries\u003c/a>, and if they \u003cem>do\u003c/em> visit, the recommended protocol is to lather on bug spray and wear long sleeves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brooks: The Fat Disorder Millions Have But No One Has Heard Of\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/09/19/lipedema-the-fat-disorder-that-millions-have-but-no-one-has-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">popular post\u003c/a> by far last year on KQED Science’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Future of You\u003c/a> website was about a lymphatic disease thought to affect up to 17 million Americans — most of them women. Lipedema causes subcutaneous fat to keep accumulating, mostly in the lower body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1262382\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1262382\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Marlene Simpson of Sacramento, Calif., wears compression bandages daily to help reduce the swelling in her legs. She is getting fitted for compression bandages for her arms to prevent swelling there.\" width=\"800\" height=\"738\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-160x148.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-768x708.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-240x221.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-375x346.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-520x480.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marlene Simpson of Sacramento, Calif., wears compression bandages daily to help reduce the swelling in her legs. She is getting fitted for compression bandages for her arms to prevent swelling there. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The signature characteristics of a lipedema patient are tree-trunk-like legs and a slim upper body. No matter how much a woman diets or exercises, the fat never goes away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many patients are unaware they have the disease, and undertake fruitless attempts to lose weight. Their physicians don’t know they have it, either, and often assume patients are simply obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘Whoa!’ “Judy Maggiore said. “I’ve never heard that before. They have a name for it and it’s not my fault!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only long-term treatment is liposuction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>McClurg: California’s Toxic Algae Was Worse Than Ever\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_929572\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-929572\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The docks behind homes at Discovery Bay are quieter than usual due to fears of blue green algae toxins. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The docks behind homes at Discovery Bay are quieter than usual due to fears of blue green algae toxins. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Algae blooms are a natural feature of summer, but in 2016, public health officials tallied record levels of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/algae/publichealth/GeneralCyanobacteria.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cyanobacteria, \u003c/a>or blue-green algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some parts of the state, it looked like someone poured a giant can of green paint into the water. And the smell was often rank. When a bloom dies it reeks of rotten eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unusually hot temperatures, the ongoing drought and fertilizer runoff are the primarily culprits leading to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/22/toxic-muck-californias-algae-problem-is-worse-than-ever/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">toxic muck\u003c/a> and ‘no swimming’ signs in more than three dozen freshwater lakes and reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials detected levels of a toxin called microcystin that were 7,000 times higher than the level that would trigger a warning. Microcystin is one of several toxins produced by algae. Common symptoms are dizziness, rashes, fever and vomiting. It can be lethal to dogs and livestock, since the animals are more likely to drink the water or lick the slime off their fur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worst of all, scientists are just starting to understand a problem they expect to escalate. They’re finding blue-green algae in surprising places like pristine mountain lakes and alpine streams. Scientists are scrambling for solutions. Algaecides can help temporarily, but the chemicals can also backfire by promoting other toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Among the stories we didn’t choose was one of the most obvious–the cosmic discovery of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/11/466286219/in-milestone-scientists-detect-waves-in-space-time-as-black-holes-collide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gravitational waves\u003c/a> by a team of scientists at the California Institute of Technology and around the world. One of our most unusual stories didn’t make the list–\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/06/13/the-nuclear-canal-when-scientists-thought-h-bombs-would-make-awesome-earthmovers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a history\u003c/a> of physicist Edward Teller’s notion of blowing open a new Panama Canal using atom bombs. And last, a story that burst on the scene at the end of the year: a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/19/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looming battle\u003c/a> over water in the San Joaquin River.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Reporters' Choice: The 2016 Science Stories You Don't Want To Miss | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This year, we asked our reporters to choose stories from 2016 they thought you shouldn’t miss. Perhaps it’s because the story is so thoroughly unbelievable, or it’s that the hype doesn’t bear much resemblance to the reality, or maybe it’s a meaningful story that’s largely unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those reasons and more, here are the stories KQED Science reporters think you’ll be glad you know about, as you watch the stories continue to unfold in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lauren Sommer: What To Do With Too Much Solar Power?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2016 is likely to end as a banner year for solar energy in California; the state is steaming toward a goal of 33 percent renewable energy by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the influx of solar power has created a surprising problem: on some days, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/04/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">there’s simply too much\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-616162\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg\" alt=\"Solar_Desktop\" width=\"1730\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg 1730w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-400x231.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-800x462.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-768x444.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-1440x832.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-1180x682.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-960x555.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1730px) 100vw, 1730px\">\u003c/a>It happens on spring days, when Californians aren’t using much air conditioning and demand for power is low. The surge of midday power, when the sun is at its peak, is more than the grid needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown’s administration has proposed a controversial solution to help with this: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/04/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">joining California’s grid\u003c/a> with other Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Governor Brown’s plan \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-regional-electricity-grid-20160808-snap-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hit a roadblock\u003c/a> in the state legislature, and he’s vowed to bring it back in the new year. The shifting political winds accompanying president-elect Trump could also \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2016/12/one-climate-change-initiative-on-which-trump-could-cause-california-to-retrench-108052\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spell its demise\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jon Brooks: Theranos’ Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Year\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos started 2016 facing the fallout from a devastating \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/26/for-theranos-the-bad-news-keeps-coming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wall Street Journal investigation\u003c/a>. The reports alleged a bevy of improprieties and inaccuracies related to the company’s secret technology, which Theranos claimed could perform dozens of remarkably inexpensive blood tests using just a few drops of blood from a finger prick. That breakthrough innovation, Theranos founder and college dropout Elizabeth Holmes had claimed, would upend a $55 billion industry–a claim that enticed investors, the media, and pharmacy giant Walgreens to get in on the action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1262387\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 482px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1262387\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Clinton and Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes during closing session of Clinton Global Initiative on Sept. 29, 2015 in New York City. Not long after, it all went wrong for Holmes and her company.\" width=\"482\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes.jpg 3000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Clinton and Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes during closing session of Clinton Global Initiative on Sept. 29, 2015 in New York City. Not long after, it all went wrong for Holmes and her company. \u003ccite>(JP Yim/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Journal stories, however, were only a prelude. By mid-year, the name Theranos had become shorthand for Silicon Valley hubris. The company even \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/hbo-silicon-valley-takes-shot-at-theranos-2016-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earned mention\u003c/a> as a fraud on the cult HBO hit “Silicon Valley.” The unraveling was as relentless as it was spellbinding: A damning, federal lab inspection resulted in unprecedented, crippling sanctions — inaccurate tests had potentially put patients’ lives at risk, the government found, and the company later invalidated tens of thousands of test results. Federal investigations brewed, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/12/walgreens-shutting-down-theranos-centers-immediately-as-it-ends-partnership/\">Walgreens bailed\u003c/a>, lawsuits proliferated, and an attempted reboot at an annual meeting of lab scientists was deemed by some to be little more than an attempt at distraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, the once-confrontational company cried “uncle,” shutting down its consumer testing business and laying off 40 percent of its workforce. But a last 2016 indignity remained: In December, The Wall Street Journal revealed the identities of a coterie of Theranos’ previously anonymous investors. It seems someone at Theranos had failed to use the :bcc function on a mass email. “\u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/theranos-cant-even-send-a-goddamn-email-right-1789713944\">Theranos Can’t Even Send a Goddamn Email Right\u003c/a>” said the website Gizmodo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still to come for Holmes: \u003ca href=\"http://deadline.com/2016/06/adam-mckay-jennifer-lawrence-theranos-elizabeth-holmes-movie-rights-auction-1201774846/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hollywood rubs it in\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesley McClurg: So … Are We Supposed to Worry About Zika?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/TravelAssociatedCasesofZikaVirusinCA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">450 cases \u003c/a>of Californians diagnosed with Zika virus. Not one person contracted Zika in California; all of them returned with the disease after visiting Zika-infested countries such as Brazil and Colombia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was hard to tell from the media panic in early 2016 that California residents don’t have much to worry about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California counties, public health officials \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/03/21/what-californians-need-to-know-about-zika-virus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">don’t predict\u003c/a> a large local outbreak. The state has generally mild temperatures and desert air. The mosquitoes that carry Zika thrive in hot, humid weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika broke into the news in 2015 after an unusual number of babies in Brazil were born with a neurological condition called microcephaly, a rare disease causing an infant’s head to be abnormally small.\u003cspan lang=\"EN\"> There’s also an association between Zika and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/GBS.aspx\">\u003cspan lang=\"EN\">Guillain-Barré Syndrome\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan lang=\"EN\">, a disease affecting the nervous system.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials warn pregnant women to avoid traveling to more than \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/zika-information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sixty countries\u003c/a>, and if they \u003cem>do\u003c/em> visit, the recommended protocol is to lather on bug spray and wear long sleeves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brooks: The Fat Disorder Millions Have But No One Has Heard Of\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/09/19/lipedema-the-fat-disorder-that-millions-have-but-no-one-has-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">popular post\u003c/a> by far last year on KQED Science’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Future of You\u003c/a> website was about a lymphatic disease thought to affect up to 17 million Americans — most of them women. Lipedema causes subcutaneous fat to keep accumulating, mostly in the lower body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1262382\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1262382\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Marlene Simpson of Sacramento, Calif., wears compression bandages daily to help reduce the swelling in her legs. She is getting fitted for compression bandages for her arms to prevent swelling there.\" width=\"800\" height=\"738\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-160x148.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-768x708.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-240x221.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-375x346.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-520x480.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marlene Simpson of Sacramento, Calif., wears compression bandages daily to help reduce the swelling in her legs. She is getting fitted for compression bandages for her arms to prevent swelling there. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The signature characteristics of a lipedema patient are tree-trunk-like legs and a slim upper body. No matter how much a woman diets or exercises, the fat never goes away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many patients are unaware they have the disease, and undertake fruitless attempts to lose weight. Their physicians don’t know they have it, either, and often assume patients are simply obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘Whoa!’ “Judy Maggiore said. “I’ve never heard that before. They have a name for it and it’s not my fault!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only long-term treatment is liposuction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>McClurg: California’s Toxic Algae Was Worse Than Ever\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_929572\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-929572\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The docks behind homes at Discovery Bay are quieter than usual due to fears of blue green algae toxins. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The docks behind homes at Discovery Bay are quieter than usual due to fears of blue green algae toxins. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Algae blooms are a natural feature of summer, but in 2016, public health officials tallied record levels of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/algae/publichealth/GeneralCyanobacteria.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cyanobacteria, \u003c/a>or blue-green algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some parts of the state, it looked like someone poured a giant can of green paint into the water. And the smell was often rank. When a bloom dies it reeks of rotten eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unusually hot temperatures, the ongoing drought and fertilizer runoff are the primarily culprits leading to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/22/toxic-muck-californias-algae-problem-is-worse-than-ever/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">toxic muck\u003c/a> and ‘no swimming’ signs in more than three dozen freshwater lakes and reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials detected levels of a toxin called microcystin that were 7,000 times higher than the level that would trigger a warning. Microcystin is one of several toxins produced by algae. Common symptoms are dizziness, rashes, fever and vomiting. It can be lethal to dogs and livestock, since the animals are more likely to drink the water or lick the slime off their fur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worst of all, scientists are just starting to understand a problem they expect to escalate. They’re finding blue-green algae in surprising places like pristine mountain lakes and alpine streams. Scientists are scrambling for solutions. Algaecides can help temporarily, but the chemicals can also backfire by promoting other toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Among the stories we didn’t choose was one of the most obvious–the cosmic discovery of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/11/466286219/in-milestone-scientists-detect-waves-in-space-time-as-black-holes-collide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gravitational waves\u003c/a> by a team of scientists at the California Institute of Technology and around the world. One of our most unusual stories didn’t make the list–\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/06/13/the-nuclear-canal-when-scientists-thought-h-bombs-would-make-awesome-earthmovers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a history\u003c/a> of physicist Edward Teller’s notion of blowing open a new Panama Canal using atom bombs. And last, a story that burst on the scene at the end of the year: a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/19/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looming battle\u003c/a> over water in the San Joaquin River.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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