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"content": "\u003cp>On a Friday afternoon after school, 15-year-olds \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/wildphotop/\">Parham Pourahmad\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/wild0nfilm/\">Arnav Singhal\u003c/a> walked through the changing colors of fall, surrounded by red, yellow, shades of amber, and lingering green leaves at Vasona Lake County Park, cameras slung over their shoulders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 152-acre Santa Clara County park is one of their favorite places to photograph wildlife near their neighborhood, especially the coyotes that have increasingly appeared in backyards and around creek trails across the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/multiple-coyote-sightings-reported-in-south-bay/\">South Bay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pourahmad started snapping these photos as a hobby during the pandemic, but his work has earned statewide and national recognition, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1993447/see-the-bay-area-winners-of-the-2024-audubon-photography-awards\">Audubon Photography Awards’ Youth Prize\u003c/a> for his image of two American kestrels perched on a post at Calero County Park outside San José.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these days, it’s coyotes that draw most of his attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so much conflict we see between humans and coyotes: like coyotes eating pets. And as a result, people poison coyotes,” Pourahmad said. “That makes me want to help them out, both the coyotes and humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/news/fostering-coexistence-san-franciscos-urban-coyotes#:~:text=Published%20last%20week%20in%20People,the%20dawn%20and%20dusk%20hours.\">2023 study\u003c/a> analyzing 10 years of coyote-human interactions in San Francisco found that conflicts had increased in recent years, especially during the pup-rearing season and in areas with greater access to green spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1999203\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1999203 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-4-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-4-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-4-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-4-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-4-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arnav Singhal, left, speaks to his friends before heading off to find coyotes at Vasona Lake County Park in Los Gatos on Nov. 7, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The animal control around Silicon Valley \u003ca href=\"https://www.losaltosonline.com/news/coyote-encounters-escalating-in-and-around-los-altos-this-fall/article_7f59dd1d-84bf-4c61-9e8f-eff113d63e1e.html#:~:text=According%20to%20local%20animal%20control%20authorities%2C%20coyote,cities%20like%20San%20Francisco%20and%20Los%20Angeles**\">reported\u003c/a> an increase in coyote sightings, according to the Los Altos Town Crier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coyotes have their own neighborhoods, and each coyote you see isn’t random. So it’s kind of their home as well as ours,” Singhal said. He and Pourahmad attend Los Gatos High School together and are close friends. Singhal picked up photography after watching his friend’s dedication, and now spends several hours a week practicing alongside him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two teens founded the \u003ca href=\"https://svwildlifegroup.wixsite.com/silicon-valley-wildl/coyote-sighting-map\">Silicon Valley Wildlife Group\u003c/a>, a youth-led project to track coyotes across the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1999208\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1999208\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-18-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-18-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-18-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-18-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-18-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arnav Singhal shows a photo he took of a coyote at Stanford University, at Vasona Lake County Park, in Los Gatos on Nov. 7, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They collected every sighting they could since February: from their own photos, the updates posted by the Santa Clara County Vector Control and reports on Nextdoor and social media. They even invited residents to share encounters through a \u003ca href=\"https://svwildlifegroup.wixsite.com/silicon-valley-wildl/report-a-coyote-sighting\">form on their website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They compiled all this information into \u003ca href=\"https://earth.google.com/web/@37.41932704,-122.06065396,9.81775331a,92227.12854624d,35y,-0h,0t,0r/data=CgRCAggBMikKJwolCiExOWJSWTdobDN0Q2FYb1ozWXNScDZ2eG54Qkl1OWtIdzUgAToDCgEwQgIIAEoICJj08M0HEAE?authuser=0\">an interactive map with more than a thousand data points\u003c/a>, color-coded by time and day, location, and behavior. Many sightings cluster along the creeks that run through South Bay neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They use the many creeks we have, like Guadalupe River, Los Gatos Creek, Coyote Creek, and a lot more to move around in urban areas without being sighted,” Pourahmad said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those urban wildlife corridors, they realized, connect the Santa Cruz Mountains to suburban parks, golf courses and backyards, a kind of wildlife highway rambling through the suburban sprawl.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Filling the gaps\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Urban ecologists have long suspected that suburban development pushes animals to adapt in surprising ways. Beverly Perez, a community resource specialist with Santa Clara County Vector Control, said the teens’ work helps put those patterns in context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez said the biggest challenge isn’t managing coyotes, it’s managing humans. “Urban expansion shrinks their habitat,” she said. Coyotes learn to find food and shelter in cities, especially when residents leave trash, pet food, or even small pets unprotected. “That’s when conflicts start.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1999207\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1999207\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-17-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-17-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-17-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-17-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-17-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An area of Los Gatos Creek where there have been frequent coyote sightings at Vasona Lake County Park in Los Gatos on Nov. 7, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://talicaspi.weebly.com/publications.html\">Tali Caspi\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral researcher at UC Berkeley who studies coyotes in San Francisco, said projects like the Silicon Valley Wildlife Group can help fill the gap in existing research and promote coexistence. She analyzes DNA to study the genetics of urban coyotes and uses motion-activated cameras to track their movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s coyotes have adapted to dense human environments, she said. Silicon Valley coyotes may behave differently, relying more on creek corridors and staying more elusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coyotes play a critical role as apex predators, and they help keep balance in the ecosystem by controlling rodent populations and dispersing seeds in urban landscapes, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The next layer of investigation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The teens’ map identified distinct territories and recurring coyote behavior. They can identify an alpha male or female by photos or reports of pets being chased, an indicator of coyotes becoming bold or defending dens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now they want to build more advanced tools. With help from researchers at UC Berkeley, they’re learning \u003ca href=\"https://qgis.org/\">QGIS\u003c/a>, a professional mapping software used by conservation scientists, to model how the coyotes move.[aside postID=science_1999411 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/12/fullcoldmoonsfgetty.jpg']As part of their project, Pourahmad and Singhal visit schools and libraries to give talks about wildlife in the area and on how to coexist with wildlife, sharing tips like securing trash cans and keeping dogs leashed near open spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want our map to be an inspiration for the community to help mitigate human-wildlife conflict,” Singhal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next couple of years, they hope to build a Bay Area-wide dataset showing how wildlife adapts to human development, with the help of ten other high school students they’ve recently recruited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both teens say the project has shaped their aspirations to pursue careers in urban wildlife and ecology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pourahmad wants to study wildlife biology — particularly DNA analysis and the statistics behind ecological research. “I’m interested in the science of urban wildlife,” he said. “There’s so much we still don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singhal is drawn to a different path. “I want to become a lawyer,” he said. “I’m really interested in using what we’re learning now to influence policy or advocate for environmental issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a Friday afternoon after school, 15-year-olds \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/wildphotop/\">Parham Pourahmad\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/wild0nfilm/\">Arnav Singhal\u003c/a> walked through the changing colors of fall, surrounded by red, yellow, shades of amber, and lingering green leaves at Vasona Lake County Park, cameras slung over their shoulders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 152-acre Santa Clara County park is one of their favorite places to photograph wildlife near their neighborhood, especially the coyotes that have increasingly appeared in backyards and around creek trails across the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/multiple-coyote-sightings-reported-in-south-bay/\">South Bay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pourahmad started snapping these photos as a hobby during the pandemic, but his work has earned statewide and national recognition, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1993447/see-the-bay-area-winners-of-the-2024-audubon-photography-awards\">Audubon Photography Awards’ Youth Prize\u003c/a> for his image of two American kestrels perched on a post at Calero County Park outside San José.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these days, it’s coyotes that draw most of his attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so much conflict we see between humans and coyotes: like coyotes eating pets. And as a result, people poison coyotes,” Pourahmad said. “That makes me want to help them out, both the coyotes and humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/news/fostering-coexistence-san-franciscos-urban-coyotes#:~:text=Published%20last%20week%20in%20People,the%20dawn%20and%20dusk%20hours.\">2023 study\u003c/a> analyzing 10 years of coyote-human interactions in San Francisco found that conflicts had increased in recent years, especially during the pup-rearing season and in areas with greater access to green spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1999203\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1999203 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-4-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-4-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-4-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-4-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-4-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arnav Singhal, left, speaks to his friends before heading off to find coyotes at Vasona Lake County Park in Los Gatos on Nov. 7, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The animal control around Silicon Valley \u003ca href=\"https://www.losaltosonline.com/news/coyote-encounters-escalating-in-and-around-los-altos-this-fall/article_7f59dd1d-84bf-4c61-9e8f-eff113d63e1e.html#:~:text=According%20to%20local%20animal%20control%20authorities%2C%20coyote,cities%20like%20San%20Francisco%20and%20Los%20Angeles**\">reported\u003c/a> an increase in coyote sightings, according to the Los Altos Town Crier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coyotes have their own neighborhoods, and each coyote you see isn’t random. So it’s kind of their home as well as ours,” Singhal said. He and Pourahmad attend Los Gatos High School together and are close friends. Singhal picked up photography after watching his friend’s dedication, and now spends several hours a week practicing alongside him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two teens founded the \u003ca href=\"https://svwildlifegroup.wixsite.com/silicon-valley-wildl/coyote-sighting-map\">Silicon Valley Wildlife Group\u003c/a>, a youth-led project to track coyotes across the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1999208\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1999208\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-18-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-18-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-18-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-18-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-18-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arnav Singhal shows a photo he took of a coyote at Stanford University, at Vasona Lake County Park, in Los Gatos on Nov. 7, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They collected every sighting they could since February: from their own photos, the updates posted by the Santa Clara County Vector Control and reports on Nextdoor and social media. They even invited residents to share encounters through a \u003ca href=\"https://svwildlifegroup.wixsite.com/silicon-valley-wildl/report-a-coyote-sighting\">form on their website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They compiled all this information into \u003ca href=\"https://earth.google.com/web/@37.41932704,-122.06065396,9.81775331a,92227.12854624d,35y,-0h,0t,0r/data=CgRCAggBMikKJwolCiExOWJSWTdobDN0Q2FYb1ozWXNScDZ2eG54Qkl1OWtIdzUgAToDCgEwQgIIAEoICJj08M0HEAE?authuser=0\">an interactive map with more than a thousand data points\u003c/a>, color-coded by time and day, location, and behavior. Many sightings cluster along the creeks that run through South Bay neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They use the many creeks we have, like Guadalupe River, Los Gatos Creek, Coyote Creek, and a lot more to move around in urban areas without being sighted,” Pourahmad said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those urban wildlife corridors, they realized, connect the Santa Cruz Mountains to suburban parks, golf courses and backyards, a kind of wildlife highway rambling through the suburban sprawl.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Filling the gaps\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Urban ecologists have long suspected that suburban development pushes animals to adapt in surprising ways. Beverly Perez, a community resource specialist with Santa Clara County Vector Control, said the teens’ work helps put those patterns in context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez said the biggest challenge isn’t managing coyotes, it’s managing humans. “Urban expansion shrinks their habitat,” she said. Coyotes learn to find food and shelter in cities, especially when residents leave trash, pet food, or even small pets unprotected. “That’s when conflicts start.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1999207\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1999207\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-17-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-17-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-17-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-17-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/20251107_COYOTETEENS_GC-17-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An area of Los Gatos Creek where there have been frequent coyote sightings at Vasona Lake County Park in Los Gatos on Nov. 7, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://talicaspi.weebly.com/publications.html\">Tali Caspi\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral researcher at UC Berkeley who studies coyotes in San Francisco, said projects like the Silicon Valley Wildlife Group can help fill the gap in existing research and promote coexistence. She analyzes DNA to study the genetics of urban coyotes and uses motion-activated cameras to track their movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s coyotes have adapted to dense human environments, she said. Silicon Valley coyotes may behave differently, relying more on creek corridors and staying more elusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coyotes play a critical role as apex predators, and they help keep balance in the ecosystem by controlling rodent populations and dispersing seeds in urban landscapes, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The next layer of investigation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The teens’ map identified distinct territories and recurring coyote behavior. They can identify an alpha male or female by photos or reports of pets being chased, an indicator of coyotes becoming bold or defending dens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now they want to build more advanced tools. With help from researchers at UC Berkeley, they’re learning \u003ca href=\"https://qgis.org/\">QGIS\u003c/a>, a professional mapping software used by conservation scientists, to model how the coyotes move.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As part of their project, Pourahmad and Singhal visit schools and libraries to give talks about wildlife in the area and on how to coexist with wildlife, sharing tips like securing trash cans and keeping dogs leashed near open spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want our map to be an inspiration for the community to help mitigate human-wildlife conflict,” Singhal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next couple of years, they hope to build a Bay Area-wide dataset showing how wildlife adapts to human development, with the help of ten other high school students they’ve recently recruited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both teens say the project has shaped their aspirations to pursue careers in urban wildlife and ecology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pourahmad wants to study wildlife biology — particularly DNA analysis and the statistics behind ecological research. “I’m interested in the science of urban wildlife,” he said. “There’s so much we still don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singhal is drawn to a different path. “I want to become a lawyer,” he said. “I’m really interested in using what we’re learning now to influence policy or advocate for environmental issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California health officials are warning young people and their families to take care, as Bay Area artificial intelligence company Character.AI\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1999280/ai-safety-expert-warns-parents-to-watch-kids-in-wake-of-chatbot-ban\"> bans\u003c/a> the use of its chatbots by children as of Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health issued the\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR25-021.aspx\"> public advisory\u003c/a> on the eve of the ban taking full effect and at the request of prominent online safety experts who had raised alarms earlier this month that detaching from an AI companion too quickly could leave\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12038154/kids-talking-ai-companion-chatbots-stanford-researchers-say-thats-bad-idea\"> teens vulnerable\u003c/a> to emotional changes, even self-harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While data and science on the topic are still evolving, ongoing reports on youth dependency on this technology are of concern and warrant further research,” Dr. Rita Nguyen, assistant state health officer, said in a statement. “We encourage families to talk and to take advantage of the numerous resources available to support mental health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Character.AI announced its \u003ca href=\"https://blog.character.ai/u18-chat-announcement/\">decision to disable chatbots\u003c/a> for users younger than 18 in late October and began limiting how much time they could interact with them in November. The move came in response to political pressure and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/24/magazine/character-ai-chatbot-lawsuit-teen-suicide-free-speech.html\">news reports\u003c/a> of teens who had become suicidal after prolonged use, including a 14-year-old boy who died by suicide after his mom took away his phone and he abruptly stopped communicating with his AI companion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents do not realize that their kids love these bots and that they might feel like their best friend just died or their boyfriend just died,” UC Berkeley bioethics professor Jodi Halpern\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1999280/ai-safety-expert-warns-parents-to-watch-kids-in-wake-of-chatbot-ban\"> told KQED\u003c/a> earlier this month. “Seeing how deep these attachments are and aware that at least some suicidal behavior has been associated with the abrupt loss, I want parents to know that it could be a vulnerable time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health department’s alert was more muted, advising parents that some youth may experience “disruption or uncertainty” when chatbots become unavailable, while other experts have labeled the feelings that could arise as “grief” or “withdrawal.” Still, the state stepping in to promote mental health support for kids weaning off of chatbots is novel, noteworthy, and perhaps even unprecedented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1999292\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1999292 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kids may be susceptible to self-harm or suicide when Character.AI bans youth under 18 from using its chatbots, according to a UC Berkeley bioethics professor who asked the state to issue a public service announcement. \u003ccite>(EyeEm Mobile GmbH/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is the first that I’ve heard of states taking action like this,” said Robbie Torney, senior director of AI programs at \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/\">Common Sense Media\u003c/a>, which conducts risk assessments of chatbots. “CDPH is treating this like a public health issue because it is one. While the relationships aren’t real, the attachment that teens have to the companions is real for those teens, and that’s a major thing for them to be navigating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, California became one of the first states to tackle the legislative regulation of AI chatbots. Gov. Gavin Newsom signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243\">SB 243\u003c/a> into law, requiring chatbots to clearly notify users that they are powered by AI and not human. It also requires companies to establish protocols for referring minors to real-life crisis services when they discuss suicidal ideation with a chatbot, and to report data on those protocols and referrals to CDPH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This information will allow the Department to better understand the scope and nuances of suicide-related issues on companion chatbot platforms,” said Matt Conens, an agency spokesperson.[aside postID=science_1999280 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/ChatBotBanAP.jpg']Newsom vetoed another bill,\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB1064\"> AB 1064\u003c/a>, that would have prohibited companion chatbots for anyone under 18 if they were foreseeably capable of causing harm, for example, by encouraging children toward self-harm, drug or alcohol use, or disordered eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For families who may need immediate support through the transition off of companion chatbots, state health officials recommended accessing free youth behavioral health platforms like\u003ca href=\"https://www.hellobrightline.com/brightlifekids/\"> BrightLife Kids\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://solunaapp.com/\"> Soluna\u003c/a>, or the web and print resources on youth suicide prevention from\u003ca href=\"https://neverabother.org/\"> Never a Bother\u003c/a>. They can also call or text the\u003ca href=\"https://988lifeline.org/\"> crisis lifeline 988\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Character.AI has also expanded its resources for teens and parents in recent weeks, according to Deniz Demir, the company’s head of safety engineering, including a partnership with nonprofit\u003ca href=\"https://kokocares.org\"> Koko\u003c/a> to provide free emotional support tools directly on its platform, and with the company\u003ca href=\"https://www.throughlinecare.com\"> ThroughLine\u003c/a> to help with off-boarding and redirecting young users in distress to its network of teen resources for “real help, in real time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize that this may be a significant change for some of our teen users, and therefore, we want to be as cautious as possible in this transition,” Demir said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Character.AI represents just a fraction of the market for AI companions, and while its self-regulating actions are laudable, Torney said, there are still other platforms that kids can turn to and probably already have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t just about one company,” he said. “We need all other platforms that offer AI companionship or AI mental health advice or AI emotional support to follow Character.AI’s lead immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California health officials are warning young people and their families to take care, as Bay Area artificial intelligence company Character.AI\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1999280/ai-safety-expert-warns-parents-to-watch-kids-in-wake-of-chatbot-ban\"> bans\u003c/a> the use of its chatbots by children as of Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health issued the\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR25-021.aspx\"> public advisory\u003c/a> on the eve of the ban taking full effect and at the request of prominent online safety experts who had raised alarms earlier this month that detaching from an AI companion too quickly could leave\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12038154/kids-talking-ai-companion-chatbots-stanford-researchers-say-thats-bad-idea\"> teens vulnerable\u003c/a> to emotional changes, even self-harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While data and science on the topic are still evolving, ongoing reports on youth dependency on this technology are of concern and warrant further research,” Dr. Rita Nguyen, assistant state health officer, said in a statement. “We encourage families to talk and to take advantage of the numerous resources available to support mental health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Character.AI announced its \u003ca href=\"https://blog.character.ai/u18-chat-announcement/\">decision to disable chatbots\u003c/a> for users younger than 18 in late October and began limiting how much time they could interact with them in November. The move came in response to political pressure and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/24/magazine/character-ai-chatbot-lawsuit-teen-suicide-free-speech.html\">news reports\u003c/a> of teens who had become suicidal after prolonged use, including a 14-year-old boy who died by suicide after his mom took away his phone and he abruptly stopped communicating with his AI companion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents do not realize that their kids love these bots and that they might feel like their best friend just died or their boyfriend just died,” UC Berkeley bioethics professor Jodi Halpern\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1999280/ai-safety-expert-warns-parents-to-watch-kids-in-wake-of-chatbot-ban\"> told KQED\u003c/a> earlier this month. “Seeing how deep these attachments are and aware that at least some suicidal behavior has been associated with the abrupt loss, I want parents to know that it could be a vulnerable time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health department’s alert was more muted, advising parents that some youth may experience “disruption or uncertainty” when chatbots become unavailable, while other experts have labeled the feelings that could arise as “grief” or “withdrawal.” Still, the state stepping in to promote mental health support for kids weaning off of chatbots is novel, noteworthy, and perhaps even unprecedented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1999292\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1999292 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kids may be susceptible to self-harm or suicide when Character.AI bans youth under 18 from using its chatbots, according to a UC Berkeley bioethics professor who asked the state to issue a public service announcement. \u003ccite>(EyeEm Mobile GmbH/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is the first that I’ve heard of states taking action like this,” said Robbie Torney, senior director of AI programs at \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/\">Common Sense Media\u003c/a>, which conducts risk assessments of chatbots. “CDPH is treating this like a public health issue because it is one. While the relationships aren’t real, the attachment that teens have to the companions is real for those teens, and that’s a major thing for them to be navigating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, California became one of the first states to tackle the legislative regulation of AI chatbots. Gov. Gavin Newsom signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243\">SB 243\u003c/a> into law, requiring chatbots to clearly notify users that they are powered by AI and not human. It also requires companies to establish protocols for referring minors to real-life crisis services when they discuss suicidal ideation with a chatbot, and to report data on those protocols and referrals to CDPH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This information will allow the Department to better understand the scope and nuances of suicide-related issues on companion chatbot platforms,” said Matt Conens, an agency spokesperson.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Newsom vetoed another bill,\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB1064\"> AB 1064\u003c/a>, that would have prohibited companion chatbots for anyone under 18 if they were foreseeably capable of causing harm, for example, by encouraging children toward self-harm, drug or alcohol use, or disordered eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For families who may need immediate support through the transition off of companion chatbots, state health officials recommended accessing free youth behavioral health platforms like\u003ca href=\"https://www.hellobrightline.com/brightlifekids/\"> BrightLife Kids\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://solunaapp.com/\"> Soluna\u003c/a>, or the web and print resources on youth suicide prevention from\u003ca href=\"https://neverabother.org/\"> Never a Bother\u003c/a>. They can also call or text the\u003ca href=\"https://988lifeline.org/\"> crisis lifeline 988\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Character.AI has also expanded its resources for teens and parents in recent weeks, according to Deniz Demir, the company’s head of safety engineering, including a partnership with nonprofit\u003ca href=\"https://kokocares.org\"> Koko\u003c/a> to provide free emotional support tools directly on its platform, and with the company\u003ca href=\"https://www.throughlinecare.com\"> ThroughLine\u003c/a> to help with off-boarding and redirecting young users in distress to its network of teen resources for “real help, in real time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize that this may be a significant change for some of our teen users, and therefore, we want to be as cautious as possible in this transition,” Demir said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Character.AI represents just a fraction of the market for AI companions, and while its self-regulating actions are laudable, Torney said, there are still other platforms that kids can turn to and probably already have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t just about one company,” he said. “We need all other platforms that offer AI companionship or AI mental health advice or AI emotional support to follow Character.AI’s lead immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A leading artificial intelligence researcher is warning that Character.AI’s plan to ban \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12038154/kids-talking-ai-companion-chatbots-stanford-researchers-say-thats-bad-idea\">chatbots for kids\u003c/a> by late November may leave them susceptible to self-harm or suicide if they detach from an AI companion too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.berkeley.edu/people/jodi-halpern\">Jodi Halpern\u003c/a>, a UC Berkeley bioethics professor, celebrated the ban overall, but wants parents to be on the lookout for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034490/ai-companions-seductive-risk-teens-senators-want-more-guardrails\">emotional changes\u003c/a> or needs in the weeks following children’s separation from their chatbots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents do not realize that their kids love these bots and that they might feel like their best friend just died or their boyfriend just died,” Halpern said. “Seeing how deep these attachments are and aware that at least some suicidal behavior has been associated with the abrupt loss, I want parents to know that it could be a vulnerable time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Character.AI announced its \u003ca href=\"https://blog.character.ai/u18-chat-announcement/\">decision to disable chatbots\u003c/a> for kids in late October, in response to political pressure and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/24/magazine/character-ai-chatbot-lawsuit-teen-suicide-free-speech.html\">news reports\u003c/a> of teens who had become suicidal after prolonged use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those teens, a 14-year-old boy from Florida, fell in love with his chatbot and spent days on end confiding in it and exchanging sexual fantasies. When his mother took away his phone as punishment for misbehaving at school, the boy became despondent, a state his mother interpreted after his death as a blend of withdrawal and grief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1999292\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1999292\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kids may be susceptible to self-harm or suicide when Character.AI bans youth under 18 from using its chatbots this month, according to a UC Berkeley bioethics professor who asked the state to issue a public service announcement. \u003ccite>(EyeEm Mobile GmbH/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Character.AI is taking care to roll out the ban slowly, according to company spokesperson Cassie Lawrence. The company consulted with experts in teen online safety, has limited the hours per day kids can spend chatting ahead of the termination, and offered them lists of alternative teen forums and mental health resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have widely announced the forthcoming changes to our users, in a variety of channels, including through our app/website, on our blog, in our help center, and in user forums on Reddit and Discord, so that affected users would have time to adjust to this new paradigm,” Lawrence said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Halpern is concerned enough about the risks teens might face once the ban is completed on Nov. 25 that she asked the California Department of Public Health to issue a public service announcement warning parents to watch their kids for mental health needs in the weeks after.[aside postID=news_12060365 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/SamAltmanGetty.jpg']The department did not respond to requests for comment or indicate whether it would issue a warning or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other youth advocates see a role for schools and educators to start discussions about chatbots, as many parents are unaware their children have been using them at all, said Robbie Torney, a senior director at \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/\">Common Sense Media\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that conducts AI research, risk assessment, and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their polling shows nearly three out of four teens said they have used an AI chatbot, about half used one regularly, and a third said they prefer to talk to a chatbot rather than a human being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torney argued Character.AI should be doing much more to prepare young people and their parents for the upcoming phaseout. While the time limits are better than cold turkey, he argued that a more gradual weaning process would be safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company should be taking more proactive steps to connect kids in distress to real-life mental health clinicians or telehealth appointments, he added, and should at least provide educational resources for parents on how to recognize if their child is developing a chatbot dependence and how to talk to them about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Character.AI built this problem and now they’re pulling the plug without taking responsibility for the harm they’ve caused or providing support for the withdrawal they’ve created,” Torney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An Associated Press photo caption in an earlier version of this story incorrectly identified Character.AI as the company generating an AI companion. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A leading artificial intelligence researcher is warning that Character.AI’s plan to ban \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12038154/kids-talking-ai-companion-chatbots-stanford-researchers-say-thats-bad-idea\">chatbots for kids\u003c/a> by late November may leave them susceptible to self-harm or suicide if they detach from an AI companion too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.berkeley.edu/people/jodi-halpern\">Jodi Halpern\u003c/a>, a UC Berkeley bioethics professor, celebrated the ban overall, but wants parents to be on the lookout for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034490/ai-companions-seductive-risk-teens-senators-want-more-guardrails\">emotional changes\u003c/a> or needs in the weeks following children’s separation from their chatbots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents do not realize that their kids love these bots and that they might feel like their best friend just died or their boyfriend just died,” Halpern said. “Seeing how deep these attachments are and aware that at least some suicidal behavior has been associated with the abrupt loss, I want parents to know that it could be a vulnerable time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Character.AI announced its \u003ca href=\"https://blog.character.ai/u18-chat-announcement/\">decision to disable chatbots\u003c/a> for kids in late October, in response to political pressure and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/24/magazine/character-ai-chatbot-lawsuit-teen-suicide-free-speech.html\">news reports\u003c/a> of teens who had become suicidal after prolonged use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those teens, a 14-year-old boy from Florida, fell in love with his chatbot and spent days on end confiding in it and exchanging sexual fantasies. When his mother took away his phone as punishment for misbehaving at school, the boy became despondent, a state his mother interpreted after his death as a blend of withdrawal and grief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1999292\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1999292\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/11/OpenAiLawsuitsGetty-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kids may be susceptible to self-harm or suicide when Character.AI bans youth under 18 from using its chatbots this month, according to a UC Berkeley bioethics professor who asked the state to issue a public service announcement. \u003ccite>(EyeEm Mobile GmbH/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Character.AI is taking care to roll out the ban slowly, according to company spokesperson Cassie Lawrence. The company consulted with experts in teen online safety, has limited the hours per day kids can spend chatting ahead of the termination, and offered them lists of alternative teen forums and mental health resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have widely announced the forthcoming changes to our users, in a variety of channels, including through our app/website, on our blog, in our help center, and in user forums on Reddit and Discord, so that affected users would have time to adjust to this new paradigm,” Lawrence said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Halpern is concerned enough about the risks teens might face once the ban is completed on Nov. 25 that she asked the California Department of Public Health to issue a public service announcement warning parents to watch their kids for mental health needs in the weeks after.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The department did not respond to requests for comment or indicate whether it would issue a warning or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other youth advocates see a role for schools and educators to start discussions about chatbots, as many parents are unaware their children have been using them at all, said Robbie Torney, a senior director at \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/\">Common Sense Media\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that conducts AI research, risk assessment, and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their polling shows nearly three out of four teens said they have used an AI chatbot, about half used one regularly, and a third said they prefer to talk to a chatbot rather than a human being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torney argued Character.AI should be doing much more to prepare young people and their parents for the upcoming phaseout. While the time limits are better than cold turkey, he argued that a more gradual weaning process would be safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company should be taking more proactive steps to connect kids in distress to real-life mental health clinicians or telehealth appointments, he added, and should at least provide educational resources for parents on how to recognize if their child is developing a chatbot dependence and how to talk to them about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Character.AI built this problem and now they’re pulling the plug without taking responsibility for the harm they’ve caused or providing support for the withdrawal they’ve created,” Torney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An Associated Press photo caption in an earlier version of this story incorrectly identified Character.AI as the company generating an AI companion. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "bay-area-hikes-views-clouds-marine-inversion-layer",
"title": "How to Hike 'Above the Clouds' in the Bay Area (Plus, the Science of a Marine Inversion)",
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"headTitle": "How to Hike ‘Above the Clouds’ in the Bay Area (Plus, the Science of a Marine Inversion) | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>There’s something undeniably magical about standing atop a mountain and gazing out over a thick blanket of clouds. And in the Bay Area, it’s a sight we’re lucky enough to experience frequently, at spots like Marin’s Mount Tamalpais or Mission Peak in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this phenomenon — commonly called a “marine inversion” or “fog blanket” — isn’t just a feast for the eyes. It’s also rooted in some fascinating atmospheric science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading to learn how this “sea of clouds” actually forms, and where (and when) to go hiking in the Bay Area for the chance to see it for yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#marine-layer-sf\">Tips for successfully spotting a marine layer inversion\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#hikes-with-views-clouds-bay-area\">Where to hike “above the clouds” in the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997583\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1427151725-scaled-e1751477821514.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997583\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1427151725-scaled-e1751477821514.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1238\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mount Tamalpais State Park under a blanket of fog in Mill Valley, California, United States on July 2, 2023. Catching a “cloud inversion” from above is part planning, part luck — but a little meteorological know-how can greatly increase your chances. \u003ccite>(Photo by Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The science behind the sea of clouds\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under typical conditions, as you move higher in altitude, the air temperature decreases and gets cooler — a pattern known as the “lapse rate,” which describes the change in temperature with elevation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But occasionally, this rule flips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When colder air gets trapped near the ground \u003cem>beneath \u003c/em>a layer of warmer air, it forms a \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/jetstream/ocean/marine-layer\">marine layer\u003c/a> inversion. And in the Bay Area, this inversion is often tied to the Pacific Ocean’s influence, explained meteorologist Jan Null, especially during the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have all this air along the coast sitting over this 55-degree water,” said Null, who founded \u003ca href=\"https://ggweather.com/resume.html\">Golden Gate Weather Service\u003c/a>. “That water is cooling the air right above it. So you have cool air at the surface of the water, and then you have warmer air above that, and then it gradually cools off.”[aside postID=science_1997397 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/GETTYIMAGES-2177822620-KQED.jpg']That warm air acts like a lid, trapping the cooler air and moisture below and forming a shallow but dense marine layer, especially along the California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the summer, these inversions commonly occur around sunrise and dissipate during the day as the sun heats the surface, “breaking” the inversion layer — although Null said they can occur during sunset, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When an inversion happens, the marine layer is typically 1,000 to 2,000 feet thick, but its exact height can vary depending on offshore pressure systems. “Just like how water will always flow from a higher elevation to a lower elevation, air flows from high pressure to low pressure, trying to reach equilibrium,” Null said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that high pressure dominates, it suppresses the marine layer, keeping it low and closer to the ground. When a trough of low pressure moves in, that’s when the layer can deepen and rise to higher altitudes — and what allows hikers on summits to feel like they’re climbing above the clouds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inland areas, like the Central Valley, heat up more rapidly than the coast, creating a pressure difference that pulls this cool, moist air inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The marine layer is primarily a summertime phenomenon as far as it coming inland because then you get the heating in the inland areas that generate that sea breeze pattern,” Null said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where to hike\u003ca id=\"marine-layer-sf\">\u003c/a> ‘above the clouds’ in the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Catching a “cloud inversion” from above is part planning, part luck — but a little meteorological know-how can greatly increase your chances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lots of yardsticks for the backyard weather observers to keep track of how high the marine layer is today,” Null said, adding that knowing the elevation of the spot you want to head to — plus the thickness of the marine layer itself — can help when planning.[aside postID=science_1997307 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/WhalesBubblesGetty.jpg']For a more accurate forecast, Null advises observing the weather a day in advance of setting out to catch an inversion. One of the tips Null shared: “If it’s going to be getting warmer, then that probably indicates that the marine layers are going to be more shallow,” making it a great chance to see the clouds beneath you at certain altitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, if it’s going to be cooler, the marine layer will be deeper and higher up on those mountains — meaning it’ll be \u003cem>above \u003c/em>most parts of the entire Bay Area, Null added. In other words, your chances of hiking above the clouds are greatly reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some tips \u003ca id=\"Tipsforsuccessfullyspottingamarinelayerinversion\">\u003c/a>shared by Null and others in the Bay Area who know how to successfully chase the marine layer inversion:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Observe marine layer inversions using weather apps like \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\">National Weather Service\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.accuweather.com/\">Accuweather\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.windy.com/37.906/-122.615/meteogram?waves,37.254,-122.613,8,p:cities\">Windy\u003c/a> or others \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start by checking the “cloud tops” or cloud ceiling — the height at which clouds form. If they’re around 1,000 to 2,000 feet, and your summit hike is above that elevation, good news: you’re likely to be above the cloud layer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Use tools like the \u003ca href=\"https://aviationweather.gov/gfa/#clouds\">National Weather Service’s Aviation Forecasts\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.accuweather.com/\">AccuWeather\u003c/a>, which list ceiling heights at different locations. Mount Tam, for example, stands at about 2,200 feet, while Twin Peaks is just under 1,000 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null also recommends websites like \u003ca href=\"https://www.everythingweather.com/\">Everything Weather\u003c/a>, built by a former National Weather Service forecaster, that offer localized human-curated forecasts that are more reliable than many generic weather apps, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_420020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-420020\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071.jpg\" alt=\"Fog encroaching on the Bay Area, as seen from Mt. Tamalpais in Marin County.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fog encroaching on the Bay Area, as seen from Mount Tamalpais in Marin County. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Check live webcams or satellite images\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ops.alertcalifornia.org/cam-console/2192\">Mount Tamalpais\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://alertca.live/cam-console/2429\">Sutro Tower\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/parks/golden-gate-bridge-live-webcams\">Golden Gate Bridge\u003c/a> and other notable spots may have live webcams available that you can check for fog and cloud activity early in the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null suggests watching satellite imagery, wind direction and local weather discussions to keep an eye on local landmarks, which can act as visual indicators of the marine layer’s height. “You can kind of gauge ‘is it above or below the towers of the Golden Gate Bridge?’ ‘Is it over Twin Peaks?’ ‘Is it up to Sutro Tower?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://earth.google.com/web\">Google Earth\u003c/a> can also be a great tool to observe visible fog or low-lying clouds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arrive early\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plan to be at your chosen spot around sunrise (5:30 a.m.–7 a.m. in the summer) for the most dramatic views before the clouds start to burn off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you always need to go high?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not always. If the cloud layer is shallow — say, 400–800 feet — even the modest hills within San Francisco can offer views above the mist. Spots like Twin Peaks, Tank Hill and Bernal Heights sometimes poke just above the marine layer, offering in-city access to the phenomenon without needing to climb a mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"hikes-with-views-clouds-bay-area\">\u003c/a>Great Bay Area hikes for walking above the clouds\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before you head out, remember that clouds can shift quickly — so stay flexible (and realistic that today might not be the day.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dress in layers, as temperatures can swing dramatically between the coast and the hilltops. Bring water, check trail conditions and always leave no trace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some Bay Area spots that offer stunning views above the marine layer — if time, the elements and luck are on your side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=471\">Mount Tamalpais, Marin\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation: ~2,500 feet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Tam is the classic spot for fog lovers. Head to the East Peak early in the morning during summer, and you might find yourself above a sea of clouds spilling in from the Pacific. \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/discover/trojan-point-mt-tamalpais\">Trojan Point\u003c/a>, situated at an elevation of 1,874 feet, is another popular spot on Mount Tamalpais to experience a marine layer inversion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"tiktok-embed\" style=\"max-width: 605px;min-width: 325px\" cite=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@modicumofjoy/video/7392301568399363371\" data-video-id=\"7392301568399363371\">\n\u003csection>\u003ca title=\"@modicumofjoy\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@modicumofjoy?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@modicumofjoy\u003c/a> run, do not walk.. This hike will take you above the clouds, and if you time it right- you might see the Golden Gate Bridge peeking through 🌁 𝙎𝙘𝙧𝙤𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙤 𝙨𝙚𝙚 𝙝𝙤𝙬 𝙩𝙤 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙨, 𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙣, 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙞𝙣𝙛𝙤! there is one place where you will ALWAYS see this (only during the summer months) and that is.. 📍Mount Tamalpais, California It’s only 30 mins from north San Francisco and you can witness this phenomenon from these points.. 𝙑𝙄𝙀𝙒𝙋𝙊𝙄𝙉𝙏𝙎 ➡️ Trojan Point- Google Maps will get you there, park and walk up (first clip) for about 5-7 mins ➡️ Once you park at Trojan Point Parking Lot, there are two trails on the right of the lot, those will take you to the views in the second and third clips! 𝙃𝙊𝙒 𝙏𝙊 𝙈𝘼𝙆𝙀 𝙎𝙐𝙍𝙀 𝙄 𝙎𝙀𝙀 𝙏𝙃𝙄𝙎? This is not so simple, but let me explain my process: ⏰ this only happens during June, July and August ☁️ you need to make sure the clouds are lower that Mt Tam’s (Mt Tam is 2500m tall) ➡️ to do this, people suggest the Windy app, but you need to pay to get the cloud height details so I suggest AccuWeather ➡️ Find the Cloud Ceiling height and make sure that during sunset (around 8pm) that the clouds are lower than the height of Mt. Tam.. and that’s it 💜💜 𝙃𝙊𝙒 𝘼𝙍𝙀 𝙏𝙃𝙀 𝘾𝙇𝙊𝙐𝘿𝙎 𝙎𝙊 𝙇𝙊𝙒? this phenomenon is called a cloud inversion, and it usually happens where the temperature increases with altitude, rather than the usual decrease! This causes a layer of warmer air to sit above cooler air, trapping clouds and fog below the inversion layer 🤯 Would you visit here? ☁️🌁 Follow @modicumofjoy for more travel inspiration across the California and beyond💜 \u003ca title=\"california\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/california?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#california\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"sanfrancisco\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/sanfrancisco?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#sanfrancisco\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"californiaadventure\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/californiaadventure?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#californiaadventure\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"♬ original sound - modicumofjoy\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/music/original-sound-7392301576909736750?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">♬ original sound – modicumofjoy\u003c/a>\u003c/section>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[tiktok]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.openspace.org/preserves/russian-ridge\">Russian Ridge Open Preserve, Redwood City\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation ~2,500 feet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borel Hill is the highest point in this Peninsula preserve. From this peak, you can see the Pacific Ocean to the west, the East Bay hills and Mount Diablo to the east.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997590\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Russian-Ridge-Shreeni.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997590\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Russian-Ridge-Shreeni.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Russian-Ridge-Shreeni.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Russian-Ridge-Shreeni-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Russian-Ridge-Shreeni-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low clouds at Russian Ridge Preserve. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/mission-peak\">Mission Peak, Fremont\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation 2,500 feet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mission Peak offers sweeping views of the Bay and beyond. After a steady climb, hikers can sometimes catch fog curling over the East Bay hills from the west, especially on windless mornings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997591\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/IMG_6175-scaled-e1751480002108.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997591\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/IMG_6175-scaled-e1751480002108.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine layer inversion captured in June 2025 from Mission Peak. \u003ccite>(Sarah Mohamad/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=517\">Mount Diablo, Contra Costa\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation ~3,900 feet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Diablo almost always stands above the clouds when the marine layer is present. The panoramic views from the summit stretch all the way to the Sierra Nevada on a clear day, with the fog blanketing the valleys below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997592\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/1598A519-9622-44BD-AA96-59A3BD9FDCD6.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997592\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/1598A519-9622-44BD-AA96-59A3BD9FDCD6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/1598A519-9622-44BD-AA96-59A3BD9FDCD6.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/1598A519-9622-44BD-AA96-59A3BD9FDCD6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/1598A519-9622-44BD-AA96-59A3BD9FDCD6-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of Mount Diablo during sunrise as seen from Mount Tamalpais. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/miri.htm\">Milagra Ridge, Pacifica\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation 1,200 feet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This ridge is known for its coastal views and diverse wildlife. It’s also home to a number of threatened and endangered species, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/miri.htm\">including Mission blue and San Bruno elfin butterflies and the California red-legged frog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997617\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/388D72B1-FAF5-461F-B458-CFEEEDDA6B98.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997617\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/388D72B1-FAF5-461F-B458-CFEEEDDA6B98.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"656\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/388D72B1-FAF5-461F-B458-CFEEEDDA6B98.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/388D72B1-FAF5-461F-B458-CFEEEDDA6B98-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/388D72B1-FAF5-461F-B458-CFEEEDDA6B98-768x492.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low clouds captured at Milagra Ridge in Pacifica. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/community-recreation/parks-recreation/parks/grizzly-peak-park\">Grizzly Peak, Berkeley\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation ~1,500 feet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This accessible East Bay ridgeline offers excellent views of fog entering through the Golden Gate and spreading eastward. This spot is best accessed by car via Grizzly Peak Boulevard or Centennial Drive, especially in the early morning between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1422062993-scaled-e1751480501571.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997593\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1422062993-scaled-e1751480501571.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1102\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View from Grizzly Peak in the Berkeley Hills onto Bay Bridge and San Francisco with Karl the Fog enveloping the city at sunset. \u003ccite>(SvetlanaSF/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://sfrecpark.org/770/Golden-Gate-Park\">Golden Gate Bridge\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation: ~1,000 feet\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDrive up \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/marin-headlands-scenic-vistas.htm\">Conzelman Road\u003c/a> in Marin Headlands for views from \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/places/000/battery-spencer-overlook.htm\">Battery Spencer\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/parks/hawk-hill\">Hawk Hill\u003c/a>, especially during sunrise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/E090FDD7-D723-4A77-80D0-BD7E56F43F2B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997618\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/E090FDD7-D723-4A77-80D0-BD7E56F43F2B.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"730\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/E090FDD7-D723-4A77-80D0-BD7E56F43F2B.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/E090FDD7-D723-4A77-80D0-BD7E56F43F2B-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/E090FDD7-D723-4A77-80D0-BD7E56F43F2B-768x548.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden Gate Bridge amidst the marine layer. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://sfrecpark.org/facilities/facility/details/twin-peaks-384\">Twin Peaks, San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation ~900 feet\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwin Peaks offers panoramic views of the city, Sutro Tower and the Pacific Ocean. On mornings with a shallow marine layer (i.e., under 1,000 feet), you can look down at fog rolling over the Sunset and Richmond districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997596\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1418102559.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997596\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1418102559.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1418102559.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1418102559-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1418102559-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1418102559-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fog morning in the city around June 28, 1973, looking from Twin Peaks, San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Barney Peterson for The San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Here's the science behind the marine layer inversion and where you can catch the most stunning views from above the clouds right here in the Bay Area.",
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"title": "How to Hike 'Above the Clouds' in the Bay Area (Plus, the Science of a Marine Inversion) | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There’s something undeniably magical about standing atop a mountain and gazing out over a thick blanket of clouds. And in the Bay Area, it’s a sight we’re lucky enough to experience frequently, at spots like Marin’s Mount Tamalpais or Mission Peak in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this phenomenon — commonly called a “marine inversion” or “fog blanket” — isn’t just a feast for the eyes. It’s also rooted in some fascinating atmospheric science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading to learn how this “sea of clouds” actually forms, and where (and when) to go hiking in the Bay Area for the chance to see it for yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#marine-layer-sf\">Tips for successfully spotting a marine layer inversion\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#hikes-with-views-clouds-bay-area\">Where to hike “above the clouds” in the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997583\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1427151725-scaled-e1751477821514.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997583\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1427151725-scaled-e1751477821514.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1238\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mount Tamalpais State Park under a blanket of fog in Mill Valley, California, United States on July 2, 2023. Catching a “cloud inversion” from above is part planning, part luck — but a little meteorological know-how can greatly increase your chances. \u003ccite>(Photo by Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The science behind the sea of clouds\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under typical conditions, as you move higher in altitude, the air temperature decreases and gets cooler — a pattern known as the “lapse rate,” which describes the change in temperature with elevation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But occasionally, this rule flips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When colder air gets trapped near the ground \u003cem>beneath \u003c/em>a layer of warmer air, it forms a \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/jetstream/ocean/marine-layer\">marine layer\u003c/a> inversion. And in the Bay Area, this inversion is often tied to the Pacific Ocean’s influence, explained meteorologist Jan Null, especially during the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have all this air along the coast sitting over this 55-degree water,” said Null, who founded \u003ca href=\"https://ggweather.com/resume.html\">Golden Gate Weather Service\u003c/a>. “That water is cooling the air right above it. So you have cool air at the surface of the water, and then you have warmer air above that, and then it gradually cools off.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That warm air acts like a lid, trapping the cooler air and moisture below and forming a shallow but dense marine layer, especially along the California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the summer, these inversions commonly occur around sunrise and dissipate during the day as the sun heats the surface, “breaking” the inversion layer — although Null said they can occur during sunset, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When an inversion happens, the marine layer is typically 1,000 to 2,000 feet thick, but its exact height can vary depending on offshore pressure systems. “Just like how water will always flow from a higher elevation to a lower elevation, air flows from high pressure to low pressure, trying to reach equilibrium,” Null said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that high pressure dominates, it suppresses the marine layer, keeping it low and closer to the ground. When a trough of low pressure moves in, that’s when the layer can deepen and rise to higher altitudes — and what allows hikers on summits to feel like they’re climbing above the clouds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inland areas, like the Central Valley, heat up more rapidly than the coast, creating a pressure difference that pulls this cool, moist air inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The marine layer is primarily a summertime phenomenon as far as it coming inland because then you get the heating in the inland areas that generate that sea breeze pattern,” Null said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where to hike\u003ca id=\"marine-layer-sf\">\u003c/a> ‘above the clouds’ in the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Catching a “cloud inversion” from above is part planning, part luck — but a little meteorological know-how can greatly increase your chances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lots of yardsticks for the backyard weather observers to keep track of how high the marine layer is today,” Null said, adding that knowing the elevation of the spot you want to head to — plus the thickness of the marine layer itself — can help when planning.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For a more accurate forecast, Null advises observing the weather a day in advance of setting out to catch an inversion. One of the tips Null shared: “If it’s going to be getting warmer, then that probably indicates that the marine layers are going to be more shallow,” making it a great chance to see the clouds beneath you at certain altitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, if it’s going to be cooler, the marine layer will be deeper and higher up on those mountains — meaning it’ll be \u003cem>above \u003c/em>most parts of the entire Bay Area, Null added. In other words, your chances of hiking above the clouds are greatly reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some tips \u003ca id=\"Tipsforsuccessfullyspottingamarinelayerinversion\">\u003c/a>shared by Null and others in the Bay Area who know how to successfully chase the marine layer inversion:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Observe marine layer inversions using weather apps like \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\">National Weather Service\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.accuweather.com/\">Accuweather\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.windy.com/37.906/-122.615/meteogram?waves,37.254,-122.613,8,p:cities\">Windy\u003c/a> or others \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start by checking the “cloud tops” or cloud ceiling — the height at which clouds form. If they’re around 1,000 to 2,000 feet, and your summit hike is above that elevation, good news: you’re likely to be above the cloud layer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Use tools like the \u003ca href=\"https://aviationweather.gov/gfa/#clouds\">National Weather Service’s Aviation Forecasts\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.accuweather.com/\">AccuWeather\u003c/a>, which list ceiling heights at different locations. Mount Tam, for example, stands at about 2,200 feet, while Twin Peaks is just under 1,000 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null also recommends websites like \u003ca href=\"https://www.everythingweather.com/\">Everything Weather\u003c/a>, built by a former National Weather Service forecaster, that offer localized human-curated forecasts that are more reliable than many generic weather apps, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_420020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-420020\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071.jpg\" alt=\"Fog encroaching on the Bay Area, as seen from Mt. Tamalpais in Marin County.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/RS8458_IMG_4071-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fog encroaching on the Bay Area, as seen from Mount Tamalpais in Marin County. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Check live webcams or satellite images\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ops.alertcalifornia.org/cam-console/2192\">Mount Tamalpais\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://alertca.live/cam-console/2429\">Sutro Tower\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/parks/golden-gate-bridge-live-webcams\">Golden Gate Bridge\u003c/a> and other notable spots may have live webcams available that you can check for fog and cloud activity early in the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null suggests watching satellite imagery, wind direction and local weather discussions to keep an eye on local landmarks, which can act as visual indicators of the marine layer’s height. “You can kind of gauge ‘is it above or below the towers of the Golden Gate Bridge?’ ‘Is it over Twin Peaks?’ ‘Is it up to Sutro Tower?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://earth.google.com/web\">Google Earth\u003c/a> can also be a great tool to observe visible fog or low-lying clouds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arrive early\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plan to be at your chosen spot around sunrise (5:30 a.m.–7 a.m. in the summer) for the most dramatic views before the clouds start to burn off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you always need to go high?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not always. If the cloud layer is shallow — say, 400–800 feet — even the modest hills within San Francisco can offer views above the mist. Spots like Twin Peaks, Tank Hill and Bernal Heights sometimes poke just above the marine layer, offering in-city access to the phenomenon without needing to climb a mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"hikes-with-views-clouds-bay-area\">\u003c/a>Great Bay Area hikes for walking above the clouds\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before you head out, remember that clouds can shift quickly — so stay flexible (and realistic that today might not be the day.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dress in layers, as temperatures can swing dramatically between the coast and the hilltops. Bring water, check trail conditions and always leave no trace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some Bay Area spots that offer stunning views above the marine layer — if time, the elements and luck are on your side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=471\">Mount Tamalpais, Marin\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation: ~2,500 feet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Tam is the classic spot for fog lovers. Head to the East Peak early in the morning during summer, and you might find yourself above a sea of clouds spilling in from the Pacific. \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/discover/trojan-point-mt-tamalpais\">Trojan Point\u003c/a>, situated at an elevation of 1,874 feet, is another popular spot on Mount Tamalpais to experience a marine layer inversion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"tiktok-embed\" style=\"max-width: 605px;min-width: 325px\" cite=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@modicumofjoy/video/7392301568399363371\" data-video-id=\"7392301568399363371\">\n\u003csection>\u003ca title=\"@modicumofjoy\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@modicumofjoy?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@modicumofjoy\u003c/a> run, do not walk.. This hike will take you above the clouds, and if you time it right- you might see the Golden Gate Bridge peeking through 🌁 𝙎𝙘𝙧𝙤𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙤 𝙨𝙚𝙚 𝙝𝙤𝙬 𝙩𝙤 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙨, 𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙣, 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙞𝙣𝙛𝙤! there is one place where you will ALWAYS see this (only during the summer months) and that is.. 📍Mount Tamalpais, California It’s only 30 mins from north San Francisco and you can witness this phenomenon from these points.. 𝙑𝙄𝙀𝙒𝙋𝙊𝙄𝙉𝙏𝙎 ➡️ Trojan Point- Google Maps will get you there, park and walk up (first clip) for about 5-7 mins ➡️ Once you park at Trojan Point Parking Lot, there are two trails on the right of the lot, those will take you to the views in the second and third clips! 𝙃𝙊𝙒 𝙏𝙊 𝙈𝘼𝙆𝙀 𝙎𝙐𝙍𝙀 𝙄 𝙎𝙀𝙀 𝙏𝙃𝙄𝙎? This is not so simple, but let me explain my process: ⏰ this only happens during June, July and August ☁️ you need to make sure the clouds are lower that Mt Tam’s (Mt Tam is 2500m tall) ➡️ to do this, people suggest the Windy app, but you need to pay to get the cloud height details so I suggest AccuWeather ➡️ Find the Cloud Ceiling height and make sure that during sunset (around 8pm) that the clouds are lower than the height of Mt. Tam.. and that’s it 💜💜 𝙃𝙊𝙒 𝘼𝙍𝙀 𝙏𝙃𝙀 𝘾𝙇𝙊𝙐𝘿𝙎 𝙎𝙊 𝙇𝙊𝙒? this phenomenon is called a cloud inversion, and it usually happens where the temperature increases with altitude, rather than the usual decrease! This causes a layer of warmer air to sit above cooler air, trapping clouds and fog below the inversion layer 🤯 Would you visit here? ☁️🌁 Follow @modicumofjoy for more travel inspiration across the California and beyond💜 \u003ca title=\"california\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/california?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#california\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"sanfrancisco\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/sanfrancisco?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#sanfrancisco\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"californiaadventure\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/californiaadventure?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#californiaadventure\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"♬ original sound - modicumofjoy\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/music/original-sound-7392301576909736750?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">♬ original sound – modicumofjoy\u003c/a>\u003c/section>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.openspace.org/preserves/russian-ridge\">Russian Ridge Open Preserve, Redwood City\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation ~2,500 feet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borel Hill is the highest point in this Peninsula preserve. From this peak, you can see the Pacific Ocean to the west, the East Bay hills and Mount Diablo to the east.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997590\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Russian-Ridge-Shreeni.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997590\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Russian-Ridge-Shreeni.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Russian-Ridge-Shreeni.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Russian-Ridge-Shreeni-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/Russian-Ridge-Shreeni-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low clouds at Russian Ridge Preserve. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/mission-peak\">Mission Peak, Fremont\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation 2,500 feet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mission Peak offers sweeping views of the Bay and beyond. After a steady climb, hikers can sometimes catch fog curling over the East Bay hills from the west, especially on windless mornings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997591\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/IMG_6175-scaled-e1751480002108.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997591\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/IMG_6175-scaled-e1751480002108.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine layer inversion captured in June 2025 from Mission Peak. \u003ccite>(Sarah Mohamad/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=517\">Mount Diablo, Contra Costa\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation ~3,900 feet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Diablo almost always stands above the clouds when the marine layer is present. The panoramic views from the summit stretch all the way to the Sierra Nevada on a clear day, with the fog blanketing the valleys below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997592\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/1598A519-9622-44BD-AA96-59A3BD9FDCD6.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997592\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/1598A519-9622-44BD-AA96-59A3BD9FDCD6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/1598A519-9622-44BD-AA96-59A3BD9FDCD6.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/1598A519-9622-44BD-AA96-59A3BD9FDCD6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/1598A519-9622-44BD-AA96-59A3BD9FDCD6-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of Mount Diablo during sunrise as seen from Mount Tamalpais. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/miri.htm\">Milagra Ridge, Pacifica\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation 1,200 feet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This ridge is known for its coastal views and diverse wildlife. It’s also home to a number of threatened and endangered species, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/miri.htm\">including Mission blue and San Bruno elfin butterflies and the California red-legged frog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997617\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/388D72B1-FAF5-461F-B458-CFEEEDDA6B98.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997617\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/388D72B1-FAF5-461F-B458-CFEEEDDA6B98.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"656\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/388D72B1-FAF5-461F-B458-CFEEEDDA6B98.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/388D72B1-FAF5-461F-B458-CFEEEDDA6B98-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/388D72B1-FAF5-461F-B458-CFEEEDDA6B98-768x492.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low clouds captured at Milagra Ridge in Pacifica. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/community-recreation/parks-recreation/parks/grizzly-peak-park\">Grizzly Peak, Berkeley\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation ~1,500 feet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This accessible East Bay ridgeline offers excellent views of fog entering through the Golden Gate and spreading eastward. This spot is best accessed by car via Grizzly Peak Boulevard or Centennial Drive, especially in the early morning between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1422062993-scaled-e1751480501571.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997593\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1422062993-scaled-e1751480501571.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1102\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View from Grizzly Peak in the Berkeley Hills onto Bay Bridge and San Francisco with Karl the Fog enveloping the city at sunset. \u003ccite>(SvetlanaSF/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://sfrecpark.org/770/Golden-Gate-Park\">Golden Gate Bridge\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation: ~1,000 feet\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDrive up \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/marin-headlands-scenic-vistas.htm\">Conzelman Road\u003c/a> in Marin Headlands for views from \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/places/000/battery-spencer-overlook.htm\">Battery Spencer\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/parks/hawk-hill\">Hawk Hill\u003c/a>, especially during sunrise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/E090FDD7-D723-4A77-80D0-BD7E56F43F2B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997618\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/E090FDD7-D723-4A77-80D0-BD7E56F43F2B.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"730\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/E090FDD7-D723-4A77-80D0-BD7E56F43F2B.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/E090FDD7-D723-4A77-80D0-BD7E56F43F2B-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/E090FDD7-D723-4A77-80D0-BD7E56F43F2B-768x548.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden Gate Bridge amidst the marine layer. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://sfrecpark.org/facilities/facility/details/twin-peaks-384\">Twin Peaks, San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elevation ~900 feet\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwin Peaks offers panoramic views of the city, Sutro Tower and the Pacific Ocean. On mornings with a shallow marine layer (i.e., under 1,000 feet), you can look down at fog rolling over the Sunset and Richmond districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997596\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1418102559.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997596\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1418102559.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1418102559.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1418102559-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1418102559-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/07/GettyImages-1418102559-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fog morning in the city around June 28, 1973, looking from Twin Peaks, San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Barney Peterson for The San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "a-new-berkeley-space-center-is-coming-to-silicon-valley",
"title": "NASA, UC Berkeley Team Up to Launch Silicon Valley Space Center",
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"headTitle": "NASA, UC Berkeley Team Up to Launch Silicon Valley Space Center | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>UC Berkeley, in collaboration with NASA and real estate developer SKS Partners, plans to build a 36-acre research park in Mountain View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university said in a press release that it will be a place for scientists, students and tech companies to work together, developing innovations in aviation and space exploration as well as climate change and social sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The planned expansion of Berkeley’s physical footprint and academic reach represents a fantastic and unprecedented opportunity for our students, faculty and staff,” said UC Berkeley Chancellor Carol Christ at a press conference on Monday. “We’re thrilled by the prospect of it. New collaborations can speed the translation of research discoveries into the inventions, technologies and services that will advance the greater good. This is a prime location and prime time for this public university.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park will be on the site of the decommissioned Moffett Federal Airfield, which NASA is leasing to UC Berkeley free for 99 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project’s proposed $2 billion master plan envisions a space in the style of a sleek tech campus and includes office and conference space, laboratories, classrooms and retail stores, set among parks and outdoor work areas. According to speakers at Monday’s press conference, it’s anticipated that the first building could begin construction within three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Carol Christ, chancellor, UC Berkeley \"]‘The planned expansion of Berkeley’s physical footprint and academic reach represents a fantastic and unprecedented opportunity for our students, faculty and staff.’[/pullquote]Later on, developers plan to add residential structures to house students and faculty and short-term accommodations for visitors. Pending environmental review, construction is scheduled to begin in 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What specific projects the Berkeley Space Center will work on is up in the air. But scientists are full of ideas. Air transport seems an almost certain focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the decade of electric automated urban aviation, and this campus should be a pioneer of it,” said Alexandre Bayen, a UC Berkeley professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s interested in designing networks of vertiports, similar to helipads, from which electric air vehicles and flying taxis can take off or land by flying straight up and down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984729\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1984729 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"An aeriel view of a series of large buildings and airplane runways set beside a body of water.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of NASA’s Ames Research Center and Moffet Field in Santa Clara County on Feb. 3, 2012. \u003ccite>(Eric James for NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These vehicles are not as futuristic as they sound. United Airlines plans to offer electric air taxi service to and from San Francisco International Airport \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/sfo-united-electric-flights-18158031.php\">as soon as 2026. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Eugene Tu, director, NASA's Ames Research Center\"]‘We are chartered to advance world-class research in aviation, earth, space and life sciences, space exploration and cutting edge technologies to support NASA’s mission, to explore and to improve life here on Earth.’[/pullquote]Claire Tomlin, now professor and chair of electrical engineering and computer sciences at UC Berkeley, said Moffett Field is a great location and an “outdoor testbed” for drone research, too, especially for students in UC Berkeley’s aerospace engineering program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the collaboration with NASA also invites opportunities for space research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s innovation and drive is not limited to Earth,” said California Gov. Gavin Newsom in a statement. “Berkeley Space Center will help lead the state’s space tech development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s Haas School of Business and Berkeley Law are currently looking into how to regulate business in space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More Stories on Space Exploration' tag='space']“We are chartered to advance world-class research in aviation, earth, space and life sciences, space exploration and cutting edge technologies to support NASA’s mission, to explore and to improve life here on Earth,” said NASA’s Ames Research Center Director Eugene Tu at a press conference on Monday. “We firmly believe that partnering closely with a leading educational institution like UC Berkeley will help us meet our goals for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some UC Berkeley classes will take place at the Berkeley Space Center, allowing students to work with researchers and industry leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The timing could not be better. We are at a major pivot point, if you will, in space exploration. Unlike the last half century, the future of space exploration is going to be much more dependent on and reliant on partnerships,” Tu said. “… changes in technology, changes in the world, especially in the environment that NASA works in, that makes this perfect timing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Berkeley Space Center could be ready for move-in as soon as 2027.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UC Berkeley, in collaboration with NASA and real estate developer SKS Partners, plans to build a 36-acre research park in Mountain View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university said in a press release that it will be a place for scientists, students and tech companies to work together, developing innovations in aviation and space exploration as well as climate change and social sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The planned expansion of Berkeley’s physical footprint and academic reach represents a fantastic and unprecedented opportunity for our students, faculty and staff,” said UC Berkeley Chancellor Carol Christ at a press conference on Monday. “We’re thrilled by the prospect of it. New collaborations can speed the translation of research discoveries into the inventions, technologies and services that will advance the greater good. This is a prime location and prime time for this public university.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park will be on the site of the decommissioned Moffett Federal Airfield, which NASA is leasing to UC Berkeley free for 99 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project’s proposed $2 billion master plan envisions a space in the style of a sleek tech campus and includes office and conference space, laboratories, classrooms and retail stores, set among parks and outdoor work areas. According to speakers at Monday’s press conference, it’s anticipated that the first building could begin construction within three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Later on, developers plan to add residential structures to house students and faculty and short-term accommodations for visitors. Pending environmental review, construction is scheduled to begin in 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What specific projects the Berkeley Space Center will work on is up in the air. But scientists are full of ideas. Air transport seems an almost certain focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the decade of electric automated urban aviation, and this campus should be a pioneer of it,” said Alexandre Bayen, a UC Berkeley professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s interested in designing networks of vertiports, similar to helipads, from which electric air vehicles and flying taxis can take off or land by flying straight up and down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984729\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1984729 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"An aeriel view of a series of large buildings and airplane runways set beside a body of water.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-Ames-Research-Center-EJ-KQED-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of NASA’s Ames Research Center and Moffet Field in Santa Clara County on Feb. 3, 2012. \u003ccite>(Eric James for NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These vehicles are not as futuristic as they sound. United Airlines plans to offer electric air taxi service to and from San Francisco International Airport \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/sfo-united-electric-flights-18158031.php\">as soon as 2026. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Claire Tomlin, now professor and chair of electrical engineering and computer sciences at UC Berkeley, said Moffett Field is a great location and an “outdoor testbed” for drone research, too, especially for students in UC Berkeley’s aerospace engineering program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the collaboration with NASA also invites opportunities for space research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s innovation and drive is not limited to Earth,” said California Gov. Gavin Newsom in a statement. “Berkeley Space Center will help lead the state’s space tech development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s Haas School of Business and Berkeley Law are currently looking into how to regulate business in space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We are chartered to advance world-class research in aviation, earth, space and life sciences, space exploration and cutting edge technologies to support NASA’s mission, to explore and to improve life here on Earth,” said NASA’s Ames Research Center Director Eugene Tu at a press conference on Monday. “We firmly believe that partnering closely with a leading educational institution like UC Berkeley will help us meet our goals for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some UC Berkeley classes will take place at the Berkeley Space Center, allowing students to work with researchers and industry leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The timing could not be better. We are at a major pivot point, if you will, in space exploration. Unlike the last half century, the future of space exploration is going to be much more dependent on and reliant on partnerships,” Tu said. “… changes in technology, changes in the world, especially in the environment that NASA works in, that makes this perfect timing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Berkeley Space Center could be ready for move-in as soon as 2027.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "For Society To Reopen, America Needs Massive 'Contact Tracing.' Here's What That Is",
"headTitle": "For Society To Reopen, America Needs Massive ‘Contact Tracing.’ Here’s What That Is | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>When the call came from the local health department in northeast Nebraska, Katie Berger was waiting. She had already gotten a text from the salon where she’d gotten her hair done recently, telling her that one of the stylists had COVID-19. She knew she was at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They said, ‘We’re calling to inform you that you were exposed to a COVID-19 patient,’ ” Berger says. “It was still pretty scary getting that call, even though I knew it was coming.” The public health official told her to monitor her temperature and watch for possible symptoms until two weeks after the haircut — April 17. Berger’s been staying at home since that call, hoping her quarantine will end uneventfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is called contact tracing. It’s been a critical tool to control the spread of infectious diseases for decades. Now, public health leaders are calling for communities around the country to ramp up capacity and get ready for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/10/831200054/cdc-director-very-aggressive-contact-tracing-needed-for-u-s-to-return-to-normal\">massive contact tracing effort\u003c/a> to control the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a guide to the basics of the process and how it could help society restart after the current wave of coronavirus cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Identify and isolate: How to stop infection from spreading\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contact tracing is a process designed to halt the chain of transmission of an infectious pathogen — like the coronavirus — and slow community spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When someone tests positive for an infectious disease they become a “case.” Public health workers then reach out to the case, first of all to make sure they have what they need and that they \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html\">are self-isolating\u003c/a>, and then to figure out who they had contact with who may be at risk of infection, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole point of this process is to make sure that people who have the virus are separated from those who don’t,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/person/josh-michaud/\">Josh Michaud\u003c/a>, associate director for global health policy at the Kaiser Family Foundation. “That includes the original case, who’s isolating, and the contacts who might be incubating the disease. If you get them to self-quarantine before they are infectious, then you’ve essentially stopped the transmission of that disease from that transmission train. If you do that with enough contacts, then you’ve effectively interrupted community transmission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not perfect — a tracer might not be able to reach all the contacts, and those contacts might not all follow the guidance, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.cste.org/page/Staff?\">Dr. Jeff Engel\u003c/a>, senior adviser for COVID-19 to the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. “But even the leaky quarantine is effective,” he says. “If you get 85% of contacts to self-quarantine for 14 days, you’re going to do a lot in the community to decrease transmission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"privacy\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]The World Health Organization \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/contact-tracing\">breaks down the process into three steps\u003c/a>: contact identification, contact listing and contact follow-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Step 1: Sleuth out all the patients’ contacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re picturing being put under a spotlight and grilled about where you were and who you were with, put that image aside. It’s not usually so dramatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A public health worker will typically call the patient who tests positive and have a straightforward — and hopefully empathetic — conversation, says Engel, requesting that they help the health department piece together a list of their recent contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a hair stylist who tests positive, that might involve pulling up a list of everyone who had hair appointments while that stylist was at work, as was the case with Berger. But it can get much more complicated than that. One COVID-19 patient \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-03-15/coronavirus-aerospace-consultant-web-of-potential-infection\">described to the LA Times\u003c/a> how he had to reach out to at least a dozen contacts after he attended a conference before everything shut down. It can mean going through your social media posts, your emails or your calendar, trying to piece together who you were close to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With some cases, there might not be a contact history — maybe they haven’t left their house, maybe they haven’t come in contact or been exposed or have exposed anybody else,” Michaud says. On the other hand, he says, there can be dozens or even hundreds of contacts to follow up with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Step 2: Reach out and gain trust\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the list is made, public health workers do outreach to those contacts, which can be brief and to the point. Berger says her call with the public health department took just a few minutes: “They just told me to monitor symptoms until April 17.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance for each contact may also vary depending on how high risk the contact was. If you were very close to a coughing person for an hour, you may be asked to self-quarantine for 14 days. If you were just in the same room as someone who was mildly symptomatic for 20 minutes, you might just be asked to self-monitor for symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Receiving calls from a government official about your health can be nerve-wracking. Public health officials have learned lessons from contact tracing sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV and syphilis, Engel says, to talk to people in a way that’s not stigmatizing and will encourage people to get on board with the request to self-isolate or share their contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Step 3: Follow-up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally there’s follow-up, and some information about what to do next. Berger says she was told that “if anything changes, or if I develop symptoms, to either call them or to call my primary care physician,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michaud says if someone who’s in quarantine does develop symptoms, the health department will want to make sure to get them tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contact follow-up can be rigorous in some countries. In South Korea, for instance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/03/06/905459/coronavirus-south-korea-smartphone-app-quarantine/\">MIT Technology Review\u003c/a> reports that each person in quarantine is assigned a government case officer who checks in twice a day, and a smartphone app notifies that officer if the contact leaves their quarantine area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Determining who’s an at-risk contact\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/public-health-recommendations.html\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s current recommendations\u003c/a>, contacts include household members, intimate partners, caregivers of COVID-19 patients in a household and anyone who’s had close contact (6 feet or closer) “for a prolonged period of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those guidelines note that the longer a contact was exposed to the patient, the greater their exposure risk. And if the patient who tested positive had symptoms like coughing or if they were wearing a mask which can block some respiratory droplets, these things also affect risk level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rule of thumb is that you were within 6 feet of a person,” Engel says. “But the variable that has everyone a little bit stumped is that time element. Should it be 30 minutes at 6 feet or should it be more like 10 minutes? There’s some controversy about that, and the science is still emerging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How contact tracing could help the country open up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials have zeroed in on widespread testing and contact tracing of positive cases as key tools for the U.S. to be able to begin to return to normal life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The broad \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/social-distancing.html\">social distancing\u003c/a> measures in place now for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/03/12/815200313/what-governors-are-doing-to-tackle-spreading-coronavirus\">most of the country\u003c/a> are a kind of mass quarantine — in contrast, contact tracing can allow a more targeted group of people to quarantine while the rest of society begins to open up, Engel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now in hot spots like New York City, contact tracing isn’t really happening. “It’s just not feasible to take in literally thousands of new infections a day that are being discovered in the community — the workforce isn’t there,” Engel says. But “when the numbers begin to become more manageable,” he says, contact tracing will be key to end the lockdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, says Michaud, contact tracing is especially helpful at the flatter ends of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/03/13/815502262/flattening-a-pandemics-curve-why-staying-home-now-can-save-lives\">the epidemic curve\u003c/a> — at the beginning, and after the peak as case counts go down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the epidemic isn’t affecting all places equally, in a place like Utah, where the case count is much lower than New York City, contact tracing is feasible and happening now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing is an important piece of the puzzle, too, Michaud notes. “If you’re not identifying most or all the cases, then contact tracing is going to be missing a lot of transmission,” he says, and quick and widespread testing is still a major problem in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Increasing the contact tracing workforce\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently 2,200 contact tracers across the country, according to a letter the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.astho.org/Federal-Government-Relations/Correspondence/ASTHO-Issues-Contact-Tracing-Memo-to-Congress/\">recently sent to Congress\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, there have been calls to massively increase the number of people doing this work to meet the need during the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/13/832027703/massachusetts-recruits-1-000-contact-tracers-to-battle-covid-19\">launching a statewide effort\u003c/a>, hiring 1,000 contact tracers in partnership with Partners In Health, an international health nonprofit with experience in the developing world. \u003ca href=\"https://jobs.crelate.com/portal/talentboost/job/3kyqki4zeqoyugdzsha5iynhce\">Qualifications include\u003c/a> a high school diploma or equivalent, the ability to speak and write in English, and the “ability to show empathy to distressed individuals.” San Francisco has also been \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/04/08/998758/how-san-francisco-plans-to-trace-every-coronavirus-case-and-contact/\">scaling up its contact tracing workforce\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://chm.med.umich.edu/about/howard-markel-m-d-ph-d/\">Dr. Howard Markel\u003c/a>, director of the Center for the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan, notes that these efforts are a kind of return to the way things were in the 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They had very large departments of health in every city and they had many workers that ranked all the way from doctors who ran things and public health nurses and social workers, but also contact trace workers,” he says. “As public health budgets were cut — beginning in the 1980s and almost every year since — that has fallen by the wayside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To open up the country safely with the coronavirus still spreading, a recent report from the Johns Hopkins \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs_archive/pubs-pdfs/2020/a-national-plan-to-enable-comprehensive-COVID-19-case-finding-and-contact-tracing-in-the-US.pdf\">Center for Health Security calculates\u003c/a> that we may need in the ballpark of 100,000 contact tracers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A place for smartphone surveillance?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some promising apps that take advantage of the tracking device many of us carry around already: our smartphones. Some apps use \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/02/825860406/in-germany-high-hopes-for-new-covid-19-contact-tracing-app-that-protects-privacy\">Bluetooth to notify you\u003c/a> if you’ve been close to someone who tested positive. Others allow contact tracers to work more efficiently, for instance, by automating follow-up for contacts who are in quarantine, asking if they have any symptoms, etc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are privacy concerns there, and many apps are still in development and need further testing. In the meantime, old fashioned phone calls still work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Contact+Tracing+Works+And+How+It+Can+Help+Reopen+The+Country&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the call came from the local health department in northeast Nebraska, Katie Berger was waiting. She had already gotten a text from the salon where she’d gotten her hair done recently, telling her that one of the stylists had COVID-19. She knew she was at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They said, ‘We’re calling to inform you that you were exposed to a COVID-19 patient,’ ” Berger says. “It was still pretty scary getting that call, even though I knew it was coming.” The public health official told her to monitor her temperature and watch for possible symptoms until two weeks after the haircut — April 17. Berger’s been staying at home since that call, hoping her quarantine will end uneventfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is called contact tracing. It’s been a critical tool to control the spread of infectious diseases for decades. Now, public health leaders are calling for communities around the country to ramp up capacity and get ready for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/10/831200054/cdc-director-very-aggressive-contact-tracing-needed-for-u-s-to-return-to-normal\">massive contact tracing effort\u003c/a> to control the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a guide to the basics of the process and how it could help society restart after the current wave of coronavirus cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Identify and isolate: How to stop infection from spreading\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contact tracing is a process designed to halt the chain of transmission of an infectious pathogen — like the coronavirus — and slow community spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When someone tests positive for an infectious disease they become a “case.” Public health workers then reach out to the case, first of all to make sure they have what they need and that they \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html\">are self-isolating\u003c/a>, and then to figure out who they had contact with who may be at risk of infection, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole point of this process is to make sure that people who have the virus are separated from those who don’t,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/person/josh-michaud/\">Josh Michaud\u003c/a>, associate director for global health policy at the Kaiser Family Foundation. “That includes the original case, who’s isolating, and the contacts who might be incubating the disease. If you get them to self-quarantine before they are infectious, then you’ve essentially stopped the transmission of that disease from that transmission train. If you do that with enough contacts, then you’ve effectively interrupted community transmission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not perfect — a tracer might not be able to reach all the contacts, and those contacts might not all follow the guidance, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.cste.org/page/Staff?\">Dr. Jeff Engel\u003c/a>, senior adviser for COVID-19 to the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. “But even the leaky quarantine is effective,” he says. “If you get 85% of contacts to self-quarantine for 14 days, you’re going to do a lot in the community to decrease transmission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The World Health Organization \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/contact-tracing\">breaks down the process into three steps\u003c/a>: contact identification, contact listing and contact follow-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Step 1: Sleuth out all the patients’ contacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re picturing being put under a spotlight and grilled about where you were and who you were with, put that image aside. It’s not usually so dramatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A public health worker will typically call the patient who tests positive and have a straightforward — and hopefully empathetic — conversation, says Engel, requesting that they help the health department piece together a list of their recent contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a hair stylist who tests positive, that might involve pulling up a list of everyone who had hair appointments while that stylist was at work, as was the case with Berger. But it can get much more complicated than that. One COVID-19 patient \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-03-15/coronavirus-aerospace-consultant-web-of-potential-infection\">described to the LA Times\u003c/a> how he had to reach out to at least a dozen contacts after he attended a conference before everything shut down. It can mean going through your social media posts, your emails or your calendar, trying to piece together who you were close to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With some cases, there might not be a contact history — maybe they haven’t left their house, maybe they haven’t come in contact or been exposed or have exposed anybody else,” Michaud says. On the other hand, he says, there can be dozens or even hundreds of contacts to follow up with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Step 2: Reach out and gain trust\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the list is made, public health workers do outreach to those contacts, which can be brief and to the point. Berger says her call with the public health department took just a few minutes: “They just told me to monitor symptoms until April 17.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance for each contact may also vary depending on how high risk the contact was. If you were very close to a coughing person for an hour, you may be asked to self-quarantine for 14 days. If you were just in the same room as someone who was mildly symptomatic for 20 minutes, you might just be asked to self-monitor for symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Receiving calls from a government official about your health can be nerve-wracking. Public health officials have learned lessons from contact tracing sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV and syphilis, Engel says, to talk to people in a way that’s not stigmatizing and will encourage people to get on board with the request to self-isolate or share their contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Step 3: Follow-up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally there’s follow-up, and some information about what to do next. Berger says she was told that “if anything changes, or if I develop symptoms, to either call them or to call my primary care physician,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michaud says if someone who’s in quarantine does develop symptoms, the health department will want to make sure to get them tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contact follow-up can be rigorous in some countries. In South Korea, for instance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/03/06/905459/coronavirus-south-korea-smartphone-app-quarantine/\">MIT Technology Review\u003c/a> reports that each person in quarantine is assigned a government case officer who checks in twice a day, and a smartphone app notifies that officer if the contact leaves their quarantine area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Determining who’s an at-risk contact\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/public-health-recommendations.html\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s current recommendations\u003c/a>, contacts include household members, intimate partners, caregivers of COVID-19 patients in a household and anyone who’s had close contact (6 feet or closer) “for a prolonged period of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those guidelines note that the longer a contact was exposed to the patient, the greater their exposure risk. And if the patient who tested positive had symptoms like coughing or if they were wearing a mask which can block some respiratory droplets, these things also affect risk level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rule of thumb is that you were within 6 feet of a person,” Engel says. “But the variable that has everyone a little bit stumped is that time element. Should it be 30 minutes at 6 feet or should it be more like 10 minutes? There’s some controversy about that, and the science is still emerging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How contact tracing could help the country open up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials have zeroed in on widespread testing and contact tracing of positive cases as key tools for the U.S. to be able to begin to return to normal life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The broad \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/social-distancing.html\">social distancing\u003c/a> measures in place now for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/03/12/815200313/what-governors-are-doing-to-tackle-spreading-coronavirus\">most of the country\u003c/a> are a kind of mass quarantine — in contrast, contact tracing can allow a more targeted group of people to quarantine while the rest of society begins to open up, Engel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now in hot spots like New York City, contact tracing isn’t really happening. “It’s just not feasible to take in literally thousands of new infections a day that are being discovered in the community — the workforce isn’t there,” Engel says. But “when the numbers begin to become more manageable,” he says, contact tracing will be key to end the lockdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, says Michaud, contact tracing is especially helpful at the flatter ends of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/03/13/815502262/flattening-a-pandemics-curve-why-staying-home-now-can-save-lives\">the epidemic curve\u003c/a> — at the beginning, and after the peak as case counts go down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the epidemic isn’t affecting all places equally, in a place like Utah, where the case count is much lower than New York City, contact tracing is feasible and happening now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing is an important piece of the puzzle, too, Michaud notes. “If you’re not identifying most or all the cases, then contact tracing is going to be missing a lot of transmission,” he says, and quick and widespread testing is still a major problem in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Increasing the contact tracing workforce\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently 2,200 contact tracers across the country, according to a letter the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.astho.org/Federal-Government-Relations/Correspondence/ASTHO-Issues-Contact-Tracing-Memo-to-Congress/\">recently sent to Congress\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, there have been calls to massively increase the number of people doing this work to meet the need during the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/13/832027703/massachusetts-recruits-1-000-contact-tracers-to-battle-covid-19\">launching a statewide effort\u003c/a>, hiring 1,000 contact tracers in partnership with Partners In Health, an international health nonprofit with experience in the developing world. \u003ca href=\"https://jobs.crelate.com/portal/talentboost/job/3kyqki4zeqoyugdzsha5iynhce\">Qualifications include\u003c/a> a high school diploma or equivalent, the ability to speak and write in English, and the “ability to show empathy to distressed individuals.” San Francisco has also been \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/04/08/998758/how-san-francisco-plans-to-trace-every-coronavirus-case-and-contact/\">scaling up its contact tracing workforce\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://chm.med.umich.edu/about/howard-markel-m-d-ph-d/\">Dr. Howard Markel\u003c/a>, director of the Center for the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan, notes that these efforts are a kind of return to the way things were in the 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They had very large departments of health in every city and they had many workers that ranked all the way from doctors who ran things and public health nurses and social workers, but also contact trace workers,” he says. “As public health budgets were cut — beginning in the 1980s and almost every year since — that has fallen by the wayside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To open up the country safely with the coronavirus still spreading, a recent report from the Johns Hopkins \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs_archive/pubs-pdfs/2020/a-national-plan-to-enable-comprehensive-COVID-19-case-finding-and-contact-tracing-in-the-US.pdf\">Center for Health Security calculates\u003c/a> that we may need in the ballpark of 100,000 contact tracers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A place for smartphone surveillance?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some promising apps that take advantage of the tracking device many of us carry around already: our smartphones. Some apps use \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/02/825860406/in-germany-high-hopes-for-new-covid-19-contact-tracing-app-that-protects-privacy\">Bluetooth to notify you\u003c/a> if you’ve been close to someone who tested positive. Others allow contact tracers to work more efficiently, for instance, by automating follow-up for contacts who are in quarantine, asking if they have any symptoms, etc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are privacy concerns there, and many apps are still in development and need further testing. In the meantime, old fashioned phone calls still work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Contact+Tracing+Works+And+How+It+Can+Help+Reopen+The+Country&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Bay Area Rallies to Ensure Seniors Don't Go Hungry During Coronavirus Pandemic",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Rallies to Ensure Seniors Don’t Go Hungry During Coronavirus Pandemic | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>With senior citizens in the Bay Area directed to shelter in place and otherwise steer clear of coronavirus vectors, this huge population of more than 878,000 people (according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/bayarea.htm\">2010 U.S. Census\u003c/a>) is suddenly deluged with offers of help from family, neighbors and non-profits.[aside postID=\"news_11806966\" label=\"Look Up Local Food Banks That Need Your Help\" hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS42178_012_KQED_SanFranciscoMarinFoodBank_03182020_-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11644545/the-holocaust-survivor-who-made-resolving-conflict-her-lifes-work\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elisabeth Seaman\u003c/a> of Mountain View is a great-grandmother, but she’s not typically in need of help getting things done. “That’s for sure. I’m much more used to helping other people than to getting help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The professional mediator and author can still pull produce from the communal garden in her cohousing community. But finally, when yet another friend offered to shop for her, she relented and said yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She couldn’t do it all in one day, but she went to Safeway on Monday, and Trader Joe’s. Of course, she couldn’t find everything, but what she could find she got!” Seaman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On hyperlocal newsgroups, email chains and Twitter threads across the region, people who don’t personally know a senior — or anyone medically vulnerable — are putting out word they want to help. Jon Davis, a junior at Acalanes High School in Lafayette, is looking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1959496\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1959496\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42185_121-Edit-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Eagle Scout Jon Davis, a Senior Patrol Leader for Troop 204 in Lafayette, is making himself available to shop for seniors local to him who need food or hardware supplies over the next few weeks.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2475\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42185_121-Edit-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42185_121-Edit-qut-160x206.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42185_121-Edit-qut-800x1031.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42185_121-Edit-qut-768x990.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42185_121-Edit-qut-1020x1315.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eagle Scout Jon Davis, a Senior Patrol Leader for Troop 204 in Lafayette, is making himself available to shop for seniors local to him who need food or hardware supplies over the next few weeks. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jon Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, just one couple has signed on for his shopping service. He’ll be procuring critical crisis survival items like ice cream and hand sanitizer. The 17 year-old from Lafayette is hopeful more people will say yes to his offer; and just to be clear: he’s NOT doing this to add to his massive collection of merit badges. “I have grandparents, and I know that they don’t want to leave the house right now, and I thought some of my neighbors might be in the same situation,” he said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He might consider volunteering at a Bay Area food bank. \u003ca href=\"https://www.shfb.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Second Harvest of Silicon Valley\u003c/a>, for instance, works with more than 300 different partners to provide food for more than a quarter of a million people every month at a thousand distribution sites in San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This crisis is challenging for all of us, but for people who are living paycheck to paycheck, this becomes a time of even more anxiety,” says CEO Leslie Bacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She adds, “We are serving more and more working families. We are serving more and more seniors. More and more folks who are really struggling to live here on a fixed income. But now that so many people are going to see their wages cut, are going to see their hours cut, are going to potentially be losing their jobs, we are anticipating see a huge increase in the people who need our services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as the non profit food delivery system ramps up to address the Covid-19 crisis, there’s been a sudden drop in volunteers. Legions of seniors who used to help package and deliver food are now sheltering in place. \u003ca href=\"https://healthtrust.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Health Trust\u003c/a> Meals on Wheels program in San Jose, which usually serves 500 individuals a week, anticipates needing to deliver meals to 1,000 people next week. How they will do that is an open question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1959440\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1388px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1959440\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42186_Screen-Shot-2020-03-18-at-10.50.21-AM.jpeg\" alt=\"Second Harvest Silicon Valley CEO Leslie Bacco speaks at a press conference March 18, 2020 announcing a new initiative to, among other things, alleviate food insecurity during the Coronavirus pandemic.\" width=\"1388\" height=\"773\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42186_Screen-Shot-2020-03-18-at-10.50.21-AM.jpeg 1388w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42186_Screen-Shot-2020-03-18-at-10.50.21-AM-160x89.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42186_Screen-Shot-2020-03-18-at-10.50.21-AM-800x446.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42186_Screen-Shot-2020-03-18-at-10.50.21-AM-768x428.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42186_Screen-Shot-2020-03-18-at-10.50.21-AM-1020x568.jpeg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1388px) 100vw, 1388px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Second Harvest Silicon Valley CEO Leslie Bacco speaks at a press conference March 18, 2020 announcing a new initiative to, among other things, alleviate food insecurity during the Coronavirus pandemic. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“On a pre-Covid day, we usually have 36 drivers,” says CEO Michelle Lew. “About half of our drivers have had to drop out. They are retired folks, and they themselves need to self isolate. So we are scrambling to find more drivers, as well as generate cash donations to buy the meals for people in need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programs like this one are also hiring. “We have a lot of restaurants and other places that are now letting staff go, and so, I frankly think the needs are gonna get greater. There’s an incredible opportunity for people who are looking for both work and to help in a meaningful way,” says Santa Clara County Supervisor \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/d2/Pages/D2-Supervisor-Cindy-Chavez.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cindy Chavez\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose is also developing a countywide food distribution plan in partnership with Santa Clara County, non-profits and the private sector. The city is encouraging volunteers to sign up at its web site \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/your-government/departments-offices/mayor-and-city-council/mayor-s-office/san-jose-strong/volunteer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Silicon Valley Strong\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time like this, when so many are struggling, we need to do more to ensure that all in our community have access to food through this crisis,” Mayor Sam Liccardo said at the press conference announcing the partnership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley tech titans like Facebook, Cisco and Apple have already contributed large sums to various organizations around the Bay Area, as well as to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.siliconvalleycf.org/coronavirus-fund\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Silicon Valley Community Foundation\u003c/a> to distribute to groups focused on food stability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook, for example, has donated roughly $700,000 in cash and food to local senior centers, schools, food pantries. John Tenanes, Facebook’s Vice President of Global Facilities and Real Estate, says, “The current COVID-19 situation has impacted people everywhere, including many of our neighbors, and we’re committed to help them weather this storm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going stir crazy at home? Consider getting involved yourself.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With senior citizens in the Bay Area directed to shelter in place and otherwise steer clear of coronavirus vectors, this huge population of more than 878,000 people (according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/bayarea.htm\">2010 U.S. Census\u003c/a>) is suddenly deluged with offers of help from family, neighbors and non-profits.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11644545/the-holocaust-survivor-who-made-resolving-conflict-her-lifes-work\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elisabeth Seaman\u003c/a> of Mountain View is a great-grandmother, but she’s not typically in need of help getting things done. “That’s for sure. I’m much more used to helping other people than to getting help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The professional mediator and author can still pull produce from the communal garden in her cohousing community. But finally, when yet another friend offered to shop for her, she relented and said yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She couldn’t do it all in one day, but she went to Safeway on Monday, and Trader Joe’s. Of course, she couldn’t find everything, but what she could find she got!” Seaman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On hyperlocal newsgroups, email chains and Twitter threads across the region, people who don’t personally know a senior — or anyone medically vulnerable — are putting out word they want to help. Jon Davis, a junior at Acalanes High School in Lafayette, is looking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1959496\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1959496\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42185_121-Edit-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Eagle Scout Jon Davis, a Senior Patrol Leader for Troop 204 in Lafayette, is making himself available to shop for seniors local to him who need food or hardware supplies over the next few weeks.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2475\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42185_121-Edit-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42185_121-Edit-qut-160x206.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42185_121-Edit-qut-800x1031.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42185_121-Edit-qut-768x990.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42185_121-Edit-qut-1020x1315.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eagle Scout Jon Davis, a Senior Patrol Leader for Troop 204 in Lafayette, is making himself available to shop for seniors local to him who need food or hardware supplies over the next few weeks. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jon Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, just one couple has signed on for his shopping service. He’ll be procuring critical crisis survival items like ice cream and hand sanitizer. The 17 year-old from Lafayette is hopeful more people will say yes to his offer; and just to be clear: he’s NOT doing this to add to his massive collection of merit badges. “I have grandparents, and I know that they don’t want to leave the house right now, and I thought some of my neighbors might be in the same situation,” he said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He might consider volunteering at a Bay Area food bank. \u003ca href=\"https://www.shfb.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Second Harvest of Silicon Valley\u003c/a>, for instance, works with more than 300 different partners to provide food for more than a quarter of a million people every month at a thousand distribution sites in San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This crisis is challenging for all of us, but for people who are living paycheck to paycheck, this becomes a time of even more anxiety,” says CEO Leslie Bacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She adds, “We are serving more and more working families. We are serving more and more seniors. More and more folks who are really struggling to live here on a fixed income. But now that so many people are going to see their wages cut, are going to see their hours cut, are going to potentially be losing their jobs, we are anticipating see a huge increase in the people who need our services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as the non profit food delivery system ramps up to address the Covid-19 crisis, there’s been a sudden drop in volunteers. Legions of seniors who used to help package and deliver food are now sheltering in place. \u003ca href=\"https://healthtrust.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Health Trust\u003c/a> Meals on Wheels program in San Jose, which usually serves 500 individuals a week, anticipates needing to deliver meals to 1,000 people next week. How they will do that is an open question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1959440\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1388px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1959440\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42186_Screen-Shot-2020-03-18-at-10.50.21-AM.jpeg\" alt=\"Second Harvest Silicon Valley CEO Leslie Bacco speaks at a press conference March 18, 2020 announcing a new initiative to, among other things, alleviate food insecurity during the Coronavirus pandemic.\" width=\"1388\" height=\"773\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42186_Screen-Shot-2020-03-18-at-10.50.21-AM.jpeg 1388w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42186_Screen-Shot-2020-03-18-at-10.50.21-AM-160x89.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42186_Screen-Shot-2020-03-18-at-10.50.21-AM-800x446.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42186_Screen-Shot-2020-03-18-at-10.50.21-AM-768x428.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/RS42186_Screen-Shot-2020-03-18-at-10.50.21-AM-1020x568.jpeg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1388px) 100vw, 1388px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Second Harvest Silicon Valley CEO Leslie Bacco speaks at a press conference March 18, 2020 announcing a new initiative to, among other things, alleviate food insecurity during the Coronavirus pandemic. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“On a pre-Covid day, we usually have 36 drivers,” says CEO Michelle Lew. “About half of our drivers have had to drop out. They are retired folks, and they themselves need to self isolate. So we are scrambling to find more drivers, as well as generate cash donations to buy the meals for people in need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programs like this one are also hiring. “We have a lot of restaurants and other places that are now letting staff go, and so, I frankly think the needs are gonna get greater. There’s an incredible opportunity for people who are looking for both work and to help in a meaningful way,” says Santa Clara County Supervisor \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/d2/Pages/D2-Supervisor-Cindy-Chavez.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cindy Chavez\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose is also developing a countywide food distribution plan in partnership with Santa Clara County, non-profits and the private sector. The city is encouraging volunteers to sign up at its web site \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/your-government/departments-offices/mayor-and-city-council/mayor-s-office/san-jose-strong/volunteer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Silicon Valley Strong\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time like this, when so many are struggling, we need to do more to ensure that all in our community have access to food through this crisis,” Mayor Sam Liccardo said at the press conference announcing the partnership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley tech titans like Facebook, Cisco and Apple have already contributed large sums to various organizations around the Bay Area, as well as to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.siliconvalleycf.org/coronavirus-fund\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Silicon Valley Community Foundation\u003c/a> to distribute to groups focused on food stability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook, for example, has donated roughly $700,000 in cash and food to local senior centers, schools, food pantries. John Tenanes, Facebook’s Vice President of Global Facilities and Real Estate, says, “The current COVID-19 situation has impacted people everywhere, including many of our neighbors, and we’re committed to help them weather this storm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going stir crazy at home? Consider getting involved yourself.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "the-neverending-battle-over-martins-beach-explained",
"title": "The Never-ending Battle Over Martins Beach Explained",
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"headTitle": "The Never-ending Battle Over Martins Beach Explained | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Coastal Commission and the State Lands Commission continue their battle with Silicon Valley billionaire Vinod Khosla over public access to Martins Beach on the San Mateo County coast. For 100 years, Bay Area families have been going to this beach, seven miles south of Half Moon Bay, to fish, swim and picnic. The only way onto this scenic beach is a single road through private property. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After Khosla, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, bought the land surrounding Martins Beach in 2008, he restricted access to that road by displaying “No Trespassing” signs, charging parking fees, and locking its access gate. This newest lawsuit continues a 10-year conflict that could affect land-access rights throughout California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Paul Rogers\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, managing editor of KQED Science, has been covering the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/01/06/martins-beach-california-sues-billionaire-vinod-khosla-over-public-access/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the Mercury News, where he writes about the environment. He and KQED’s Brian Watt spoke about the latest developments and long history surrounding Martins Beach. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s at the center of this newest lawsuit?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under a legal doctrine in California called \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=SSEZXsfcJYT-9AOpy5mIBg&q=implied+dedication&oq=implied+dedication&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0l2j0i22i30l8.2317.4585..4815...0.0..0.120.1198.16j2......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i131j0i70i249j0i22i10i30.Koki5eX5LGg&ved=0ahUKEwiHpbahr_rmAhUEP30KHallBmEQ4dUDCAg&uact=5&safe=active&ssui=on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">implied dedication\u003c/a>, public use of a road for five years or more without restrictions establishes a permanent legal right to the road. Khosla argues that people never had that right because, for years before he bought the land surrounding the beach, its former owners charged a parking fee. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote] This case represents a big clash between two rights: private property and free access to California’s coastline. [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last year in a separate lawsuit, a state appeals court agreed with Khosla. But the Coastal Commission is now arguing that the court didn’t consider all the evidence. For this new lawsuit, to demonstrate that people routinely used the access road without paying, the Coastal Commission has collected a century of photographs, journal entries, letters and the like from 230 families.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>This is just one beach. Why is \u003c/b>\u003cb>this\u003c/b>\u003cb> case such a big deal?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmental groups and beachgoers say that what happens at Martins Beach could set a precedent that would allow very wealthy people in other parts of California — Malibu for example — to block access to public lands. Khosla has argued that he’s sticking up for his private property rights. Just as people have no right to walk through a landowner’s backyard without permission, he contends that they have no right to use the road through his property. This case represents a big clash between two rights: private property and free access to California’s coastline. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Didn’t Khosla already lose a case that went all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two years ago, the nation’s highest court refused to hear an appeal of a case that Khosla lost in three lower courts in California. The landowner had argued that he did not need a permit to close the gate to the access road running through his property to the beach. But California’s coastal law is pretty clear. Property owners need permits from the Coastal Commission not only when they build houses near the beach, but also if they change public access to the beach. So Khosla lost that case. Since then, he has opened the gate most days and he allows people who pay a $10 parking fee to drive to the beach.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How will the result of this latest lawsuit affect the fight over this beach?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s a really big juncture in this long-running battle because a win for Khosla would establish that there is no legal public right to use that road. Such a decision would make it easier for him to get a permit to close the gate from the Coastal Commission. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If the state wins, there’s almost no way that the Coastal Commission is going to grant that Khosla permit. Commissioners would argue that the public right to that road existed for decades. Additionally, the commission would probably prevent Khosla from charging the $10 parking fee. Potentially, it could fine him $20 million or more. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even if California loses this case, the State Lands Commission could try to seize the road or access to it by eminent domain.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The conflict between the state of California and a Silicon Valley billionaire over a beach on the San Mateo County coast is at an important juncture. ",
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"title": "The Never-ending Battle Over Martins Beach Explained | KQED",
"description": "The conflict between the state of California and a Silicon Valley billionaire over a beach on the San Mateo County coast is at an important juncture. ",
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"headline": "The Never-ending Battle Over Martins Beach Explained",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Coastal Commission and the State Lands Commission continue their battle with Silicon Valley billionaire Vinod Khosla over public access to Martins Beach on the San Mateo County coast. For 100 years, Bay Area families have been going to this beach, seven miles south of Half Moon Bay, to fish, swim and picnic. The only way onto this scenic beach is a single road through private property. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After Khosla, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, bought the land surrounding Martins Beach in 2008, he restricted access to that road by displaying “No Trespassing” signs, charging parking fees, and locking its access gate. This newest lawsuit continues a 10-year conflict that could affect land-access rights throughout California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Paul Rogers\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, managing editor of KQED Science, has been covering the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/01/06/martins-beach-california-sues-billionaire-vinod-khosla-over-public-access/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the Mercury News, where he writes about the environment. He and KQED’s Brian Watt spoke about the latest developments and long history surrounding Martins Beach. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s at the center of this newest lawsuit?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under a legal doctrine in California called \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=SSEZXsfcJYT-9AOpy5mIBg&q=implied+dedication&oq=implied+dedication&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0l2j0i22i30l8.2317.4585..4815...0.0..0.120.1198.16j2......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i131j0i70i249j0i22i10i30.Koki5eX5LGg&ved=0ahUKEwiHpbahr_rmAhUEP30KHallBmEQ4dUDCAg&uact=5&safe=active&ssui=on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">implied dedication\u003c/a>, public use of a road for five years or more without restrictions establishes a permanent legal right to the road. Khosla argues that people never had that right because, for years before he bought the land surrounding the beach, its former owners charged a parking fee. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last year in a separate lawsuit, a state appeals court agreed with Khosla. But the Coastal Commission is now arguing that the court didn’t consider all the evidence. For this new lawsuit, to demonstrate that people routinely used the access road without paying, the Coastal Commission has collected a century of photographs, journal entries, letters and the like from 230 families.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>This is just one beach. Why is \u003c/b>\u003cb>this\u003c/b>\u003cb> case such a big deal?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmental groups and beachgoers say that what happens at Martins Beach could set a precedent that would allow very wealthy people in other parts of California — Malibu for example — to block access to public lands. Khosla has argued that he’s sticking up for his private property rights. Just as people have no right to walk through a landowner’s backyard without permission, he contends that they have no right to use the road through his property. This case represents a big clash between two rights: private property and free access to California’s coastline. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Didn’t Khosla already lose a case that went all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two years ago, the nation’s highest court refused to hear an appeal of a case that Khosla lost in three lower courts in California. The landowner had argued that he did not need a permit to close the gate to the access road running through his property to the beach. But California’s coastal law is pretty clear. Property owners need permits from the Coastal Commission not only when they build houses near the beach, but also if they change public access to the beach. So Khosla lost that case. Since then, he has opened the gate most days and he allows people who pay a $10 parking fee to drive to the beach.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How will the result of this latest lawsuit affect the fight over this beach?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s a really big juncture in this long-running battle because a win for Khosla would establish that there is no legal public right to use that road. Such a decision would make it easier for him to get a permit to close the gate from the Coastal Commission. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If the state wins, there’s almost no way that the Coastal Commission is going to grant that Khosla permit. Commissioners would argue that the public right to that road existed for decades. Additionally, the commission would probably prevent Khosla from charging the $10 parking fee. Potentially, it could fine him $20 million or more. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even if California loses this case, the State Lands Commission could try to seize the road or access to it by eminent domain.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How Tech Aims to Save Big Ag From Climate Change",
"headTitle": "How Tech Aims to Save Big Ag From Climate Change | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>“Reckoning in the Central Valley” is a collaboration between \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Nature\u003c/a> magazine and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Science\u003c/a> examining how climate change is laying bare the vulnerabilities of California agriculture. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he disrupters of Silicon Valley and its tributaries have trained their GPS on the most fundamental of all human needs — food. In San Francisco earlier this spring, 1,300 venture capitalists, gene scientists, bio-tech visionaries and startup aspirants gathered to probe what they consider to be the nearly digitally virgin terrain of agriculture. It’s a terrain that’s being profoundly transformed by the biggest disrupter of all: climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' citation='Howard Yana-Shapiro, Mars Corporation']‘Nothing we knew in the past is a fact today.’[/pullquote]As attendees at the fifth annual World Agri-Tech Innovation Summit trooped from ballroom to ballroom at the Hilton, plotting the future of agriculture, more than half a million acres of Central Valley fields, once filled with tomatoes, lettuce, almonds, and other crops sat empty for another day of nothing happening. They are fields out of commission, fallowed by two symptoms of climate volatility that are challenging the agricultural practices in the Central Valley and across the country — too little water, or water that’s too salty for cultivating crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Reckoning in the Central Valley' link1='https://baynature.org/article/a-time-of-reckoning-in-the-central-valley/,How a Hotter, Drier, Saltier Central Valley Is Upending Ag and Spurring Conservation' link2='https://baynature.org/2019/06/21/photos-climate-change-arrives-in-the-central-valley/,Photo Essay: Climate Change Arrives in the Central Valley' hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/BAY20NATURE20LOGO20SUMMER-no20tag.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone at the summit, who paid almost $2,400 to be there for two days, is well aware that climate change is reshaping agriculture: Temperature, rainfall and the imbalances that lead to extreme weather are all in a kind of atmospheric free-for-all, as greenhouse gases accumulate and volatility accelerates. And that’s just the beginning, as the federal government’s \u003ca href=\"https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/10/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Climate Assessment\u003c/a> told us last year: There is more turbulence to come. Losses will likely \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/114/12/E2285\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">accelerate\u003c/a> as the weather changes; new pests and diseases that were wholly unanticipated a decade ago are heading north across the US, following the heat; extreme destructive events multiply in their number and intensity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the summit convened, the Midwest was reeling from a \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-weather-floods-exclusive/exclusive-more-than-1-million-acres-of-us-cropland-ravaged-by-floods-idUSKCN1RA2AW\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">devastating cyclone \u003c/a>that left hundreds of thousand of acres underwater. A team of scientists of scientists from UC Merced \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/8/3/25/htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sounded the alarm\u003c/a> last year in the peer-reviewed journal\u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> agronomy\u003c/a>: “Adaptation,” they said, “was a matter of the utmost urgency.” For farmers in California, they warned, there is accelerating volatility — year after year of never-before-experienced deviations from what had been the norms of heat and rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, as Howard Yana-Shapiro, chief Agricultural Officer for the Mars Corporation, put it in an interview at the Hilton, “Nothing we knew in the past is a fact today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1943790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women work in a cacao beans workshop in Soubre, Ivory Coast, in 2017. \u003ccite>(SIA KAMBOU/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s sobering news for Big Ag, which requires predictability above all. Mainstream food production counts on using the same seeds across vastly different ecological zones, sustained by a set of identical and reproducible chemical inputs. But the rate of disruption in the fundamental elements that foster food growth\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003c/span>sun, rain, soil\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003c/span>is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outpacing\u003c/a> the ability of even major seed breeders to keep up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not knowing what’s coming that haunts the attendees at the Ag-Tech Summit. Mars was at the summit because the three main ingredients the company relies on for its candy — peanuts, \u003ca href=\"https://impactforestry.org/2016/09/13/the-ivory-coast-a-case-study-on-climate-change-and-the-chocolate-we-eat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cacao\u003c/a> and mint — are experiencing devastating losses, and Yana-Shapiro is running test plots in Davis to find more resilient ways of growing them. Land O’Lakes was there because \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/how-climate-change-will-affect-dairy-cows-and-milk-production-in-the-uk-new-study-101843\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dairy farmers\u003c/a> face a combination of plunging prices and shifting conditions for the silage they grow for their cows. Driscoll’s was there out of concern for how much water they’ll be able to supply for their berries. And two giant grain traders, Cargill and ADM, were anxious about destabilization of their cereal and grain supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Reckoning in the Central Valley' link1='https://wp.me/p6iq8L-89Dx,Centers of Insurrection: Central Valley Farmers Reckon With Climate Change' link2='https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2019/06/23/the-disrupters-meet-the-disruption-how-tech-aims-to-save-big-ag-from-climate-change,The Disrupters Meet the Disruption: How Tech Aims to Save Big Ag From Climate Change' hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kqed-logo-black.jpg']\u003cb>How, Then, Will We Grow Food?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>nto this whirlpool of disruption come the disrupters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s about a hundred miles from the Hilton in San Francisco to the heart of the Central Valley, around Modesto, but it might as well be a million. There was barely a farmer in sight, among the men and women boasting name tags like Amazon Web Services, Google Launchpad, Rabo AgriFinance (a bank), Lazard (financiers), Microsoft, Immarsat (satellites that provide ag-related imagery), IBM, Wells Fargo, and Evogene (specializing in gene sequencing).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The self-titled Captain of Moonshots Astro Teller, who is CEO of X, the company in charge of Google’s advanced technology division, launched the proceedings with a brief staccato call for a ‘moonshot’ for agriculture. He wasn’t overly specific as to what that would be — it was a roomful of potential competitors and start-ups seeking cash — but he came to the Continental Ballroom with a portfolio of already-launched initiatives by X of what the company calls “computational agriculture.” That means applying \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610549/exclusive-alphabet-x-is-exploring-new-ways-to-use-ai-in-food-production/?utm_source=twitter.com&utm_medium=social&utm_content=2018-03-27&utm_campaign=Technology+Review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">artificial intelligence\u003c/a> to the hurly-burly hard work of conjuring food from the earth — from sensors that can signal the prime time for harvest to autonomous vehicles capable of harvesting crops or applying pesticides at record-breaking speeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thing about food, you start talking about the moon but you always end up closer to Earth. In the hallways of the Hilton, under the wannabe chandeliers, came the buzzwords, like mantras: sustainability, resilience, good for the planet, ROI (return on investment), and, soon enough, win-win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' citation='Charles Baron, Farmers Business Network']‘A real ‘disruption’ would be if your seed doesn’t need to be blanketed with glyphosate.’[/pullquote]Prowling the conversations and presentations, never seen but omnipresent, was the “unicorn,” the billion dollar company-to-be that would transform farm fields and enable them to withstand the onrushing changes — the way Uber transformed the taxi business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Was the unicorn a new robot capable of traversing apple orchards and plucking fruit without human intervention? Could it be the new hyper-sensitive pest monitor which can provide a stream of acre-by-acre data about pest populations and narrow the target for spraying insecticides? Or was it the microbe dropped into the soil that encourages crop-friendly nematodes (aka, worms) to reproduce and populate the fields, but kills the nematodes hostile to crops?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe it’s the new genetic interventions that can sterilize pest populations and \u003cem>— Hey! — genetic interventions could even someday allow plants to flourish in a drought!\u003c/em> (This one is nowhere near any horizon, however distant, due to the complex genetics of how plants integrate and use water — but this was a conference of relentless optimists.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top of the list was more data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine if all of the data we have access to today is a grain of sand,” Matt Crisp, Vice President of Benson Hill Bio Systems, a leading bio-tech firm, intoned from the dais. “Then in 10 years we’ll be walking on the beach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943800\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1943800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1355\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868-800x529.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868-768x508.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868-1020x675.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868-1200x794.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868-1920x1270.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker digs a ditch next to a fallow field in 2015 in Hanford, about 35 miles south of Fresno. As California entered its fourth year of severe drought, farmers in the Central Valley struggled to keep crops watered as wells run dry and government water allocations were reduced or terminated. Many opted to leave acres of their fields fallow. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example: Install pest-tracking sensors that use an algorithm to identify which insect species in a field threaten the crop, and which don’t. Insert sensors into the soil to monitor water absorption, and identify where additional irrigation might be essential. Or, suggested an executive at the European airplane manufacturer Airbus: Hire our satellite fleet to capture photos that can tell you where fields are drying and whether cover crops are enriching soils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the more advanced ideas actually signaled a return to earlier knowledge: the soil. After a half a century in which soil has been treated as a kind of platform for an environment constructed from synthetic agri-chemicals, attention is returning to how plant crops might draw what they need from soil itself. In other words, a 10,000-year-old idea dating to the domestication of agriculture is in vogue once again, with a Silicon Valley bio-tech twist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Biology is the next building material to solve the challenges of agriculture,” Karsten Temme, CEO and co-founder of Pivot-Bio, commented in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pivotbio.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pivot-Bio\u003c/a> has looked inside the genomes of microbes that spend their life in soil, and figured out a way to unlock their ability to turn nitrogen into mineral nourishment for plants. Which means unlocking capacities they used to have before industrial agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When modern fertilizers came along,” Temme said, “the microbes lost their ability to metabolize nitrogen in a way that was beneficial to the plants. They went into hibernation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His genetic intervention is aimed at triggering that nascent function back into action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Who is Disrupting What? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">O\u003c/span>ver the two days, a question hung in the air: What precisely are the disrupters aiming to disrupt?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were promises of small-scale disruption to be sure, including those non-chemical soil treatments designed to short-circuit the reproductive capacity of nematodes\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003c/span>aka, worms\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003c/span>that attack crops; the sensors for identifying already moist areas in fields and thus guide more targeted irrigation; and Pivot Bio’s nitrogen stimulant for micro-organisms, reducing the need for synthetic nitrogen fertilizer applications. All could conceivably reduce the need for synthetic chemicals and ensure less wasted water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his keynote, Neal Gutterson, the Chief Technology Officer of Corteva, the agri-chemical division of the two merged chemical giants DowDuPont, offered five company goals on PowerPoint\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003c/span>aphorisms for agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our job,” he said, “is simplifying the life of farmers and consumers. Consumers want cleaner labels, less waste, environmental sustainability, increasing yields, and to reduce our environmental footprint.” For America’s largest agri-chemical company, that meant, for one, more efficient ways of delivering the company’s agri-chemicals. For example, more use of drones to identify areas of insect infestation — and thus target the application of pesticides. It also meant more active bio-tech initiatives, including genome alterations aimed at increasing yields. Gutterson highlighted the company’s development of a new herbicide, called Enlist Duo, that he claimed is less “prone to drift” onto a neighbor’s field than the herbicides of their competitors, such as the glyphosate weedkiller produced by competitors like Monsanto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a bigger picture. Climate change strains the half-century of agricultural practices that are based on fighting nature, breeding seeds that require pesticides to survive, or geoengineering them to enable resistance to the company’s own herbicides, as in the case with glyphosate, hence insulating the seed through chemical interventions from the environment around them. It’s a system heavily dependent on fossil fuels, synthetic fertilizers and mono-cropping, and contributes greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world’s three dominant agri-chemical companies — Monsanto/Bayer, Corteva (the renamed agricultural chemical and seed division of the merged DowDuPont), and Syngenta, now owned by ChemChina, the largest chemical company in China — were among the ‘Platinum’ sponsors of the conference, their logos plastered behind the speakers on the dais, speakers who were there to consider how to shake up the status quo that those companies contributed mightily to creating over the last half-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, several big disruptions were already happening far from the Hilton and independent of any of the initiatives suggested there. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-weather/historic-floods-hit-nebraska-after-bomb-cyclone-storm-idUSKCN1QY00Y\">‘bomb cyclone’\u003c/a> that hit Nebraska and elsewhere in the Midwest left hundreds of thousands of acres of farm fields and crops underwater, demonstrating the fragile status of the Midwest’s commodity agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on the very same day the summit commenced at the Hilton, a federal judge in San Francisco, in a courtroom barely a mile from the Hilton, declared Monsanto’s corporate parent Bayer liable for the cancer caused by its weedkiller Roundup to a 70-year-old man who had applied it to his property outside Santa Rosa for several decades. That verdict presents a direct threat to the financial stability of Monsanto’s new corporate parent, and to the practice of tying a seed so closely to a chemical. (One week later, the court ruled that the man, Charles Hardeman, was entitled to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/27/707439575/jury-awards-80-million-in-damages-in-roundup-weed-killer-cancer-trial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$80 million\u003c/a>) in damages. Bayer/Monsanto is appealing the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A real ‘disruption’ would be if your seed doesn’t need to be blanketed with glyphosate,” quipped Charles Baron, a co-founder and Vice President of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbn.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Farmers Business Network\u003c/a>, which provides data to farmers independent of the major seed and chemical companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of the biggest climate disruption in recorded history, the billions of dollars in the room and the sharpest technical minds were thinking of how to bulletproof the status quo with greater and greater levels of technological intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conference, like the phenomenon we all face, had a poignant ring of sci-fi — as some of the world’s most sophisticated players in agriculture, high-tech, and venture capital, accustomed to a playing field they can shape, contended with a new global playing field already shifting in a million ways they cannot guide and over which they have little control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, Bayer celebrated its participation in the summit by announcing its latest innovation — a newly hybridized broccoli with a higher crown that simplifies the machine harvesting of broccoli. It’s name: High-Rise broccoli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summit ended. The search for the unicorn continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mark Schapiro is an investigative journalist specializing in the environment. His most recent book is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Seeds-Resistance-Fight-Save-Supply/dp/1510705767/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=Seeds+of+Resistance%2C+Mark+Schapiro&qid=1561401325&s=books&sr=1-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seeds of Resistance: The Fight To Save Our Food Supply,\u003c/a>” \u003ci>an investigation into the \u003c/i>\u003ci>seeds needed to survive climate disruption and the fight to control them. His previous book, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/End-Stationarity-Searching-Normal-Carbon/dp/1603586806/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1561403133&sr=1-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The End of Stationarity: \u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003ci>Searching for the New Normal in the Age of Carbon Shock” \u003c/i>\u003ci>reveals the hidden costs of climate change. Schapiro\u003c/i> is also a lecturer at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. You can find him on Twitter, @schapiro.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Reckoning in the Central Valley” is a collaboration between KQED Science and Bay Nature magazine, examining how climate change is laying bare the vulnerabilities of California agriculture. \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.baynature.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Nature magazine\u003c/a> is an independent, nonprofit publication that reports on the environment in the greater Bay Area.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In the face of the biggest climate disruption in recorded history, the sharpest technical minds of Silicon Valley gathered with venture capitalists and agriculture CEOs to search for a great idea.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>“Reckoning in the Central Valley” is a collaboration between \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Nature\u003c/a> magazine and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Science\u003c/a> examining how climate change is laying bare the vulnerabilities of California agriculture. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he disrupters of Silicon Valley and its tributaries have trained their GPS on the most fundamental of all human needs — food. In San Francisco earlier this spring, 1,300 venture capitalists, gene scientists, bio-tech visionaries and startup aspirants gathered to probe what they consider to be the nearly digitally virgin terrain of agriculture. It’s a terrain that’s being profoundly transformed by the biggest disrupter of all: climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Nothing we knew in the past is a fact today.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As attendees at the fifth annual World Agri-Tech Innovation Summit trooped from ballroom to ballroom at the Hilton, plotting the future of agriculture, more than half a million acres of Central Valley fields, once filled with tomatoes, lettuce, almonds, and other crops sat empty for another day of nothing happening. They are fields out of commission, fallowed by two symptoms of climate volatility that are challenging the agricultural practices in the Central Valley and across the country — too little water, or water that’s too salty for cultivating crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"link1": "https://baynature.org/article/a-time-of-reckoning-in-the-central-valley/,How a Hotter, Drier, Saltier Central Valley Is Upending Ag and Spurring Conservation",
"link2": "https://baynature.org/2019/06/21/photos-climate-change-arrives-in-the-central-valley/,Photo Essay: Climate Change Arrives in the Central Valley",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone at the summit, who paid almost $2,400 to be there for two days, is well aware that climate change is reshaping agriculture: Temperature, rainfall and the imbalances that lead to extreme weather are all in a kind of atmospheric free-for-all, as greenhouse gases accumulate and volatility accelerates. And that’s just the beginning, as the federal government’s \u003ca href=\"https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/10/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Climate Assessment\u003c/a> told us last year: There is more turbulence to come. Losses will likely \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/114/12/E2285\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">accelerate\u003c/a> as the weather changes; new pests and diseases that were wholly unanticipated a decade ago are heading north across the US, following the heat; extreme destructive events multiply in their number and intensity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the summit convened, the Midwest was reeling from a \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-weather-floods-exclusive/exclusive-more-than-1-million-acres-of-us-cropland-ravaged-by-floods-idUSKCN1RA2AW\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">devastating cyclone \u003c/a>that left hundreds of thousand of acres underwater. A team of scientists of scientists from UC Merced \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/8/3/25/htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sounded the alarm\u003c/a> last year in the peer-reviewed journal\u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> agronomy\u003c/a>: “Adaptation,” they said, “was a matter of the utmost urgency.” For farmers in California, they warned, there is accelerating volatility — year after year of never-before-experienced deviations from what had been the norms of heat and rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, as Howard Yana-Shapiro, chief Agricultural Officer for the Mars Corporation, put it in an interview at the Hilton, “Nothing we knew in the past is a fact today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1943790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-649472306-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women work in a cacao beans workshop in Soubre, Ivory Coast, in 2017. \u003ccite>(SIA KAMBOU/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s sobering news for Big Ag, which requires predictability above all. Mainstream food production counts on using the same seeds across vastly different ecological zones, sustained by a set of identical and reproducible chemical inputs. But the rate of disruption in the fundamental elements that foster food growth\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003c/span>sun, rain, soil\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003c/span>is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outpacing\u003c/a> the ability of even major seed breeders to keep up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not knowing what’s coming that haunts the attendees at the Ag-Tech Summit. Mars was at the summit because the three main ingredients the company relies on for its candy — peanuts, \u003ca href=\"https://impactforestry.org/2016/09/13/the-ivory-coast-a-case-study-on-climate-change-and-the-chocolate-we-eat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cacao\u003c/a> and mint — are experiencing devastating losses, and Yana-Shapiro is running test plots in Davis to find more resilient ways of growing them. Land O’Lakes was there because \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/how-climate-change-will-affect-dairy-cows-and-milk-production-in-the-uk-new-study-101843\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dairy farmers\u003c/a> face a combination of plunging prices and shifting conditions for the silage they grow for their cows. Driscoll’s was there out of concern for how much water they’ll be able to supply for their berries. And two giant grain traders, Cargill and ADM, were anxious about destabilization of their cereal and grain supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"link1": "https://wp.me/p6iq8L-89Dx,Centers of Insurrection: Central Valley Farmers Reckon With Climate Change",
"link2": "https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2019/06/23/the-disrupters-meet-the-disruption-how-tech-aims-to-save-big-ag-from-climate-change,The Disrupters Meet the Disruption: How Tech Aims to Save Big Ag From Climate Change",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cb>How, Then, Will We Grow Food?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>nto this whirlpool of disruption come the disrupters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s about a hundred miles from the Hilton in San Francisco to the heart of the Central Valley, around Modesto, but it might as well be a million. There was barely a farmer in sight, among the men and women boasting name tags like Amazon Web Services, Google Launchpad, Rabo AgriFinance (a bank), Lazard (financiers), Microsoft, Immarsat (satellites that provide ag-related imagery), IBM, Wells Fargo, and Evogene (specializing in gene sequencing).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The self-titled Captain of Moonshots Astro Teller, who is CEO of X, the company in charge of Google’s advanced technology division, launched the proceedings with a brief staccato call for a ‘moonshot’ for agriculture. He wasn’t overly specific as to what that would be — it was a roomful of potential competitors and start-ups seeking cash — but he came to the Continental Ballroom with a portfolio of already-launched initiatives by X of what the company calls “computational agriculture.” That means applying \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610549/exclusive-alphabet-x-is-exploring-new-ways-to-use-ai-in-food-production/?utm_source=twitter.com&utm_medium=social&utm_content=2018-03-27&utm_campaign=Technology+Review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">artificial intelligence\u003c/a> to the hurly-burly hard work of conjuring food from the earth — from sensors that can signal the prime time for harvest to autonomous vehicles capable of harvesting crops or applying pesticides at record-breaking speeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thing about food, you start talking about the moon but you always end up closer to Earth. In the hallways of the Hilton, under the wannabe chandeliers, came the buzzwords, like mantras: sustainability, resilience, good for the planet, ROI (return on investment), and, soon enough, win-win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘A real ‘disruption’ would be if your seed doesn’t need to be blanketed with glyphosate.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Prowling the conversations and presentations, never seen but omnipresent, was the “unicorn,” the billion dollar company-to-be that would transform farm fields and enable them to withstand the onrushing changes — the way Uber transformed the taxi business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Was the unicorn a new robot capable of traversing apple orchards and plucking fruit without human intervention? Could it be the new hyper-sensitive pest monitor which can provide a stream of acre-by-acre data about pest populations and narrow the target for spraying insecticides? Or was it the microbe dropped into the soil that encourages crop-friendly nematodes (aka, worms) to reproduce and populate the fields, but kills the nematodes hostile to crops?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe it’s the new genetic interventions that can sterilize pest populations and \u003cem>— Hey! — genetic interventions could even someday allow plants to flourish in a drought!\u003c/em> (This one is nowhere near any horizon, however distant, due to the complex genetics of how plants integrate and use water — but this was a conference of relentless optimists.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top of the list was more data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine if all of the data we have access to today is a grain of sand,” Matt Crisp, Vice President of Benson Hill Bio Systems, a leading bio-tech firm, intoned from the dais. “Then in 10 years we’ll be walking on the beach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943800\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1943800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1355\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868-800x529.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868-768x508.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868-1020x675.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868-1200x794.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-471007868-1920x1270.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker digs a ditch next to a fallow field in 2015 in Hanford, about 35 miles south of Fresno. As California entered its fourth year of severe drought, farmers in the Central Valley struggled to keep crops watered as wells run dry and government water allocations were reduced or terminated. Many opted to leave acres of their fields fallow. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example: Install pest-tracking sensors that use an algorithm to identify which insect species in a field threaten the crop, and which don’t. Insert sensors into the soil to monitor water absorption, and identify where additional irrigation might be essential. Or, suggested an executive at the European airplane manufacturer Airbus: Hire our satellite fleet to capture photos that can tell you where fields are drying and whether cover crops are enriching soils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the more advanced ideas actually signaled a return to earlier knowledge: the soil. After a half a century in which soil has been treated as a kind of platform for an environment constructed from synthetic agri-chemicals, attention is returning to how plant crops might draw what they need from soil itself. In other words, a 10,000-year-old idea dating to the domestication of agriculture is in vogue once again, with a Silicon Valley bio-tech twist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Biology is the next building material to solve the challenges of agriculture,” Karsten Temme, CEO and co-founder of Pivot-Bio, commented in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pivotbio.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pivot-Bio\u003c/a> has looked inside the genomes of microbes that spend their life in soil, and figured out a way to unlock their ability to turn nitrogen into mineral nourishment for plants. Which means unlocking capacities they used to have before industrial agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When modern fertilizers came along,” Temme said, “the microbes lost their ability to metabolize nitrogen in a way that was beneficial to the plants. They went into hibernation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His genetic intervention is aimed at triggering that nascent function back into action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Who is Disrupting What? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">O\u003c/span>ver the two days, a question hung in the air: What precisely are the disrupters aiming to disrupt?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were promises of small-scale disruption to be sure, including those non-chemical soil treatments designed to short-circuit the reproductive capacity of nematodes\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003c/span>aka, worms\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003c/span>that attack crops; the sensors for identifying already moist areas in fields and thus guide more targeted irrigation; and Pivot Bio’s nitrogen stimulant for micro-organisms, reducing the need for synthetic nitrogen fertilizer applications. All could conceivably reduce the need for synthetic chemicals and ensure less wasted water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his keynote, Neal Gutterson, the Chief Technology Officer of Corteva, the agri-chemical division of the two merged chemical giants DowDuPont, offered five company goals on PowerPoint\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003c/span>aphorisms for agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our job,” he said, “is simplifying the life of farmers and consumers. Consumers want cleaner labels, less waste, environmental sustainability, increasing yields, and to reduce our environmental footprint.” For America’s largest agri-chemical company, that meant, for one, more efficient ways of delivering the company’s agri-chemicals. For example, more use of drones to identify areas of insect infestation — and thus target the application of pesticides. It also meant more active bio-tech initiatives, including genome alterations aimed at increasing yields. Gutterson highlighted the company’s development of a new herbicide, called Enlist Duo, that he claimed is less “prone to drift” onto a neighbor’s field than the herbicides of their competitors, such as the glyphosate weedkiller produced by competitors like Monsanto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a bigger picture. Climate change strains the half-century of agricultural practices that are based on fighting nature, breeding seeds that require pesticides to survive, or geoengineering them to enable resistance to the company’s own herbicides, as in the case with glyphosate, hence insulating the seed through chemical interventions from the environment around them. It’s a system heavily dependent on fossil fuels, synthetic fertilizers and mono-cropping, and contributes greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world’s three dominant agri-chemical companies — Monsanto/Bayer, Corteva (the renamed agricultural chemical and seed division of the merged DowDuPont), and Syngenta, now owned by ChemChina, the largest chemical company in China — were among the ‘Platinum’ sponsors of the conference, their logos plastered behind the speakers on the dais, speakers who were there to consider how to shake up the status quo that those companies contributed mightily to creating over the last half-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, several big disruptions were already happening far from the Hilton and independent of any of the initiatives suggested there. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-weather/historic-floods-hit-nebraska-after-bomb-cyclone-storm-idUSKCN1QY00Y\">‘bomb cyclone’\u003c/a> that hit Nebraska and elsewhere in the Midwest left hundreds of thousands of acres of farm fields and crops underwater, demonstrating the fragile status of the Midwest’s commodity agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on the very same day the summit commenced at the Hilton, a federal judge in San Francisco, in a courtroom barely a mile from the Hilton, declared Monsanto’s corporate parent Bayer liable for the cancer caused by its weedkiller Roundup to a 70-year-old man who had applied it to his property outside Santa Rosa for several decades. That verdict presents a direct threat to the financial stability of Monsanto’s new corporate parent, and to the practice of tying a seed so closely to a chemical. (One week later, the court ruled that the man, Charles Hardeman, was entitled to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/27/707439575/jury-awards-80-million-in-damages-in-roundup-weed-killer-cancer-trial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$80 million\u003c/a>) in damages. Bayer/Monsanto is appealing the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A real ‘disruption’ would be if your seed doesn’t need to be blanketed with glyphosate,” quipped Charles Baron, a co-founder and Vice President of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbn.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Farmers Business Network\u003c/a>, which provides data to farmers independent of the major seed and chemical companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of the biggest climate disruption in recorded history, the billions of dollars in the room and the sharpest technical minds were thinking of how to bulletproof the status quo with greater and greater levels of technological intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conference, like the phenomenon we all face, had a poignant ring of sci-fi — as some of the world’s most sophisticated players in agriculture, high-tech, and venture capital, accustomed to a playing field they can shape, contended with a new global playing field already shifting in a million ways they cannot guide and over which they have little control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, Bayer celebrated its participation in the summit by announcing its latest innovation — a newly hybridized broccoli with a higher crown that simplifies the machine harvesting of broccoli. It’s name: High-Rise broccoli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summit ended. The search for the unicorn continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mark Schapiro is an investigative journalist specializing in the environment. His most recent book is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Seeds-Resistance-Fight-Save-Supply/dp/1510705767/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=Seeds+of+Resistance%2C+Mark+Schapiro&qid=1561401325&s=books&sr=1-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seeds of Resistance: The Fight To Save Our Food Supply,\u003c/a>” \u003ci>an investigation into the \u003c/i>\u003ci>seeds needed to survive climate disruption and the fight to control them. His previous book, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/End-Stationarity-Searching-Normal-Carbon/dp/1603586806/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1561403133&sr=1-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The End of Stationarity: \u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003ci>Searching for the New Normal in the Age of Carbon Shock” \u003c/i>\u003ci>reveals the hidden costs of climate change. Schapiro\u003c/i> is also a lecturer at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. You can find him on Twitter, @schapiro.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Reckoning in the Central Valley” is a collaboration between KQED Science and Bay Nature magazine, examining how climate change is laying bare the vulnerabilities of California agriculture. \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.baynature.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Nature magazine\u003c/a> is an independent, nonprofit publication that reports on the environment in the greater Bay Area.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
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