Toxic Pesticide Use Rising At Illegal California Pot Farms
Vegetables Harvested in Antarctica Without Sun, Soil, or Pesticides
Court Orders State Officials to Stop Spraying Pesticides for Invasive Bugs
These Termites Turn Your House Into a Palace of Poop
EPA Confirms Controversial Pesticide Can Harm Bees
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U.S. and state authorities will announce Tuesday that they will use $2.5 million in federal money to target the illegal grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found the highly toxic pesticide Carbofuran at 72 percent of grow sites last year, up from 15 percent in 2012, said Gabriel, executive director and senior ecologist at Integral Ecology Research Center and one of the few researchers studying the ecological impact of illicit grow sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has long allowed medicinal marijuana and legalized recreational pot this year. While U.S. Attorney McGregor Scott will enforce federal laws that ban the drug, he said he is targeting illicit grows on public land with cooperation from California’s attorney general and the state’s National Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is happening here is illegal for all purposes under anybody’s law,” he said in an interview before Tuesday’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the illegally grown California pot is destined for Midwestern and Eastern states where it is more profitable, Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other officials toured a remote contaminated grow site last week where piles of trash remained months after 3,000 to 4,000 plants were removed. Officials said they are concerned the chemical residue could wash into a watershed and eventually reach areas where increasingly rare salmon breed.[contextly_sidebar id=”FW9X1D3To0bLIZxA56NHg4xfnlSGhYtY”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A danger before legalization in California was the uncertainty of what was in pot products, but authorities say the rise in Carbofuran use poses an increased danger. Gabriel’s research found that traces of the chemical are showing up in pot but did not attempt to quantify how much was in each sample or its effects on people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical is intended for use as an insecticide but is so powerful that a quarter of a teaspoon can kill a 300-pound (136-kilogram) bear, Gabriel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research by Gabriel and colleagues previously showed that the use of pesticides at illegal marijuana farms is poisoning significant numbers of California’s few hundred remaining fishers, a threatened weasel-like mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbofuran can’t legally be used in the United States, and every bottle found at the grow sites since 2012 has been labeled in Spanish, Gabriel said.[contextly_sidebar id=”reP3A7AaJ8yFDOyCLdIlTsHnBvwSMztT”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott said it is being smuggled in from Mexico by drug cartels and laborers hired to clear forestland and replant it with illegal marijuana. Laborers, who must carry the plants, fertilizer, irrigation hose and camping supplies into faraway sites, tell Gabriel that the remoteness is one reason highly toxic Carbofuran is so popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they are saying to us is this is extremely effective — it takes a little amount to kill a deer or a bear — so we don’t need to bring a lot of it to last a season,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At normal levels, a typical bottle containing less than 1 liter should be diluted with up to 5,000 gallons (18,927 liters) of water, he said. But illegal growers are diluting it with just 3 to 5 gallons (11 to 19 liters) of water to spray plants or using the concentrate directly to kill wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Carbofuran is being smuggled in from Mexico by drug cartels and laborers hired to clear forestland and replant it with illegal marijuana.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927876,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":590},"headData":{"title":"Toxic Pesticide Use Rising At Illegal California Pot Farms | KQED","description":"Carbofuran is being smuggled in from Mexico by drug cartels and laborers hired to clear forestland and replant it with illegal marijuana.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Toxic Pesticide Use Rising At Illegal California Pot Farms","datePublished":"2018-05-29T18:40:10.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:04:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Don Thompson\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1924679/toxic-pesticide-use-rising-at-illegal-california-pot-farms","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers and U.S. authorities are finding what they say is an alarming increase in the use of a powerful banned pesticide at illegal marijuana farms hidden on public land in California.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pesticide residue is showing up in about 30 percent of the plants themselves, researcher Mourad Gabriel told The Associated Press. U.S. and state authorities will announce Tuesday that they will use $2.5 million in federal money to target the illegal grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found the highly toxic pesticide Carbofuran at 72 percent of grow sites last year, up from 15 percent in 2012, said Gabriel, executive director and senior ecologist at Integral Ecology Research Center and one of the few researchers studying the ecological impact of illicit grow sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has long allowed medicinal marijuana and legalized recreational pot this year. While U.S. Attorney McGregor Scott will enforce federal laws that ban the drug, he said he is targeting illicit grows on public land with cooperation from California’s attorney general and the state’s National Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is happening here is illegal for all purposes under anybody’s law,” he said in an interview before Tuesday’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the illegally grown California pot is destined for Midwestern and Eastern states where it is more profitable, Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other officials toured a remote contaminated grow site last week where piles of trash remained months after 3,000 to 4,000 plants were removed. Officials said they are concerned the chemical residue could wash into a watershed and eventually reach areas where increasingly rare salmon breed.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A danger before legalization in California was the uncertainty of what was in pot products, but authorities say the rise in Carbofuran use poses an increased danger. Gabriel’s research found that traces of the chemical are showing up in pot but did not attempt to quantify how much was in each sample or its effects on people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical is intended for use as an insecticide but is so powerful that a quarter of a teaspoon can kill a 300-pound (136-kilogram) bear, Gabriel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research by Gabriel and colleagues previously showed that the use of pesticides at illegal marijuana farms is poisoning significant numbers of California’s few hundred remaining fishers, a threatened weasel-like mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbofuran can’t legally be used in the United States, and every bottle found at the grow sites since 2012 has been labeled in Spanish, Gabriel said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott said it is being smuggled in from Mexico by drug cartels and laborers hired to clear forestland and replant it with illegal marijuana. Laborers, who must carry the plants, fertilizer, irrigation hose and camping supplies into faraway sites, tell Gabriel that the remoteness is one reason highly toxic Carbofuran is so popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they are saying to us is this is extremely effective — it takes a little amount to kill a deer or a bear — so we don’t need to bring a lot of it to last a season,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At normal levels, a typical bottle containing less than 1 liter should be diluted with up to 5,000 gallons (18,927 liters) of water, he said. But illegal growers are diluting it with just 3 to 5 gallons (11 to 19 liters) of water to spray plants or using the concentrate directly to kill wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1924679/toxic-pesticide-use-rising-at-illegal-california-pot-farms","authors":["byline_science_1924679"],"categories":["science_35","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_1191","science_192","science_2833","science_2824","science_554"],"featImg":"science_1924682","label":"source_science_1924679"},"science_1922099":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1922099","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1922099","score":null,"sort":[1522941049000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"scientists-harvest-vegetables-in-antarctica-without-sun-soil-or-pesticides","title":"Vegetables Harvested in Antarctica Without Sun, Soil, or Pesticides","publishDate":1522941049,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Vegetables Harvested in Antarctica Without Sun, Soil, or Pesticides | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>Scientists in Antarctica have harvested their first crop of vegetables grown without earth, daylight or pesticides as part of a project designed to help astronauts cultivate fresh food on other planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Germany’s Neumayer Station III say they’ve picked 8 pounds of salad greens, 18 cucumbers and 70 radishes grown inside a high-tech greenhouse as temperatures outside dropped below -4 Fahrenheit.[contextly_sidebar id=”2wg6PO03zcv7nxs4zNB3HrqWtg1KflMX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The German Aerospace Center DLR, which coordinates the project, said Thursday that by May scientists hope to harvest 4-5 kilograms of fruit and vegetables a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While NASA has successfully grown greens on the International Space Station, DLR’s Daniel Schubert says the Antarctic project aims to produce a wider range of vegetables that might one day be grown on Mars or the Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_66467 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_66467\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_66467\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The harvest is part of a project designed to help astronauts cultivate fresh food on other planets.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928037,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":140},"headData":{"title":"Vegetables Harvested in Antarctica Without Sun, Soil, or Pesticides | KQED","description":"The harvest is part of a project designed to help astronauts cultivate fresh food on other planets.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Vegetables Harvested in Antarctica Without Sun, Soil, or Pesticides","datePublished":"2018-04-05T15:10:49.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:07:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"nprByline":"The Associated Press","path":"/science/1922099/scientists-harvest-vegetables-in-antarctica-without-sun-soil-or-pesticides","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>Scientists in Antarctica have harvested their first crop of vegetables grown without earth, daylight or pesticides as part of a project designed to help astronauts cultivate fresh food on other planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Germany’s Neumayer Station III say they’ve picked 8 pounds of salad greens, 18 cucumbers and 70 radishes grown inside a high-tech greenhouse as temperatures outside dropped below -4 Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The German Aerospace Center DLR, which coordinates the project, said Thursday that by May scientists hope to harvest 4-5 kilograms of fruit and vegetables a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While NASA has successfully grown greens on the International Space Station, DLR’s Daniel Schubert says the Antarctic project aims to produce a wider range of vegetables that might one day be grown on Mars or the Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_66467 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_66467\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_66467\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1922099/scientists-harvest-vegetables-in-antarctica-without-sun-soil-or-pesticides","authors":["byline_science_1922099"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_36","science_3151","science_39","science_3424","science_40"],"tags":["science_192","science_2824","science_1097","science_1201","science_934"],"featImg":"science_1922101","label":"source_science_1922099"},"science_1920354":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1920354","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1920354","score":null,"sort":[1519769425000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"court-orders-state-officials-to-stop-spraying-pesticides-for-invasive-bugs","title":"Court Orders State Officials to Stop Spraying Pesticides for Invasive Bugs","publishDate":1519769425,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Court Orders State Officials to Stop Spraying Pesticides for Invasive Bugs | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>A California judge has ordered state officials to stop spraying chemicals to kill invasive insects until they prove they can do it safely. Sacramento County Superior Court Judge Timothy Frawley determined current practices to extinguish plants pests pose a risk to the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This battle began in 2007 when former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger’s administration used airplanes to spray chemicals over Bay Area communities to kill the light brown apple moth. The state worried the insect would threaten the $45 billion agriculture industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aerial spraying angered some residents and sparked lawsuits. Even though the eradication effort ceased in 2008, the issue inspired environmental advocates to push for tighter protections when the California Department of Food and Agriculture attacks non-native insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a decade later, the court has issued an injunction that requires the state to stop using 79 pesticides to ward off foreign bugs until officials address the impacts that spraying has on public health and the environment. The injunction takes effect in about two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers can still spray their fields and officials can continue deploying non-chemical ways to wipe out pests. The ruling does not affect efforts to eradicate invasive species that carry human diseases like the Zika virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision is a victory for 11 conservation and food safety organizations as well as the City of Berkeley, who argued that the state’s current program violates many California environmental laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Officials have had the ability to do whatever they feel they need to do to manage any pest for thirty years,” says Paul Towers, advocate with Pesticide Action Network. He wants the state to allow for more public notice and scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is considering an appeal.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A district judge ordered state agriculture officials to examine whether current spraying practices are dangerous for human health. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928171,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":291},"headData":{"title":"Court Orders State Officials to Stop Spraying Pesticides for Invasive Bugs | KQED","description":"A district judge ordered state agriculture officials to examine whether current spraying practices are dangerous for human health. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Court Orders State Officials to Stop Spraying Pesticides for Invasive Bugs","datePublished":"2018-02-27T22:10:25.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:09:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1920354/court-orders-state-officials-to-stop-spraying-pesticides-for-invasive-bugs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A California judge has ordered state officials to stop spraying chemicals to kill invasive insects until they prove they can do it safely. Sacramento County Superior Court Judge Timothy Frawley determined current practices to extinguish plants pests pose a risk to the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This battle began in 2007 when former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger’s administration used airplanes to spray chemicals over Bay Area communities to kill the light brown apple moth. The state worried the insect would threaten the $45 billion agriculture industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aerial spraying angered some residents and sparked lawsuits. Even though the eradication effort ceased in 2008, the issue inspired environmental advocates to push for tighter protections when the California Department of Food and Agriculture attacks non-native insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a decade later, the court has issued an injunction that requires the state to stop using 79 pesticides to ward off foreign bugs until officials address the impacts that spraying has on public health and the environment. The injunction takes effect in about two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers can still spray their fields and officials can continue deploying non-chemical ways to wipe out pests. The ruling does not affect efforts to eradicate invasive species that carry human diseases like the Zika virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision is a victory for 11 conservation and food safety organizations as well as the City of Berkeley, who argued that the state’s current program violates many California environmental laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Officials have had the ability to do whatever they feel they need to do to manage any pest for thirty years,” says Paul Towers, advocate with Pesticide Action Network. He wants the state to allow for more public notice and scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is considering an appeal.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1920354/court-orders-state-officials-to-stop-spraying-pesticides-for-invasive-bugs","authors":["11229"],"categories":["science_35","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_3370","science_1320","science_2824"],"featImg":"science_1920395","label":"science"},"science_1065215":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1065215","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1065215","score":null,"sort":[1476795601000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"these-termites-turn-your-house-into-a-palace-of-poop","title":"These Termites Turn Your House Into a Palace of Poop","publishDate":1476795601,"format":"video","headTitle":"These Termites Turn Your House Into a Palace of Poop | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]Termites cause billions of dollars in damage in the United States every year. Most pest-control companies douse infested houses and surrounding soil with chemical insecticides. But researchers are now trying to take advantage of termites’ peculiar habits to control them with biological strategies instead, by disrupting their amazing digestive systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Termites can crawl up into a house from the soil through \u003ca href=\"http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7415.html\">tubes \u003c/a>they make out of dirt and saliva, or winged adults can fly in, or both, depending on the species and type of termite involved. Once they’re established inside a house, they crawl through tight spaces — like the cockroaches they’re closely related to — gnawing and scraping the wood, causing damage to anything from structural wood and paneling to furniture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1075830\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_DAMPWOOD_TERMITE_EATS_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1075830\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_DAMPWOOD_TERMITE_EATS_720.gif\" alt=\"A dampwood termite eats wood by gnawing and scraping it. \" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dampwood termite eats wood by gnawing and scraping it. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some types, such as dampwood termites that are attracted by water-damaged wood, use their cardboard-like poop pellets to build up their nests, turning a human house into a termite toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They build their own houses out of their own feces,” said entomologist Michael Scharf, of Purdue University, in Indiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Termite poop isn’t smelly, like a carnivore’s fecal matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It smells smoky,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1075833\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_TERMITE_POOPS_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1075833\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_TERMITE_POOPS_720.gif\" alt=\"A dampwood termite poops on a piece of wood. These termites use their own feces as mortar and building blocks for their nests. \" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dampwood termite poops on a piece of wood. These termites use their own feces as mortar and building blocks for their nests. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And while they’re using their poop as a building material, termites are also feeding on the wood. They’re one of the few animals that can digest wood and extract nutrients from it, a feat humans are incapable of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can degrade proteins and fats and sugars and starches,” said microbiologist Jared Leadbetter, of the California Institute of Technology, in Pasadena. “But we don’t have enzymes in our saliva that break down cellulose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that even termites need help breaking down the cellulose in wood. Hundreds, and sometimes thousands, of species of microbes that live packed inside their guts help them do this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these microbes are bacteria. Leadbetter and his colleagues have found that one of these bacteria, called Treponema azotonutricium, combines nitrogen from the air and calories from the wood to make protein for the termites. This almost-magical ability would be akin to a human turning a calorie-rich food like a potato into a protein-rich food like a steak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the hundreds of bacteria, a termite’s gut is also host to a couple dozen species of protists, organisms that are neither animals, nor plants, nor fungi. Some of these protists swim around with the help of tail-like appendages called flagella. And scientists have found that several of them help termites break down wood by fermenting it, much the same way a brewer turns grain into beer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1075832\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_PROTIST_SWIMS_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1075832\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_PROTIST_SWIMS_720.gif\" alt=\"Protists live inside termites' guts and help them break down wood by fermenting the cellulose. \" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protists live inside termites’ guts and help them break down wood by fermenting the cellulose. \u003ccite>(Jared Leadbetter, Caltech, and Jessica Polka and Ethan Garner/Harvard University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The termites need the protists,” said Scharf. “The termite secretes its own enzymes at the front of the gut, near their mouth, and starts to break down the wood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this isn’t enough to derive calories from the wood. The partially digested wood first has to travel to the back of the termite’s gut — the hindgut — which serves as a fermentation chamber where protists and bacteria turn the wood into a substance called acetate, which gives the termite energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have found that certain types of protists are essential for termites’ survival. When these protists are eliminated from the termite’s gut, the insect can’t get any nutrition out of the wood. This is a weakness that biologists hope to exploit as a way to get rid of termites using biology rather than chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Louisiana State University entomologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chinmay_Tikhe\">Chinmay Tikhe\u003c/a> is working to genetically engineer a bacterium found in the Formosan subterranean termite’s gut so that the bacterium will destroy the gut protists. The idea would be to sneak these killer bacteria into the termite colony on some sort of bait the termites would eat and carry back with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a Trojan Horse,” said Tikhe, referring to the strategy used by the Greeks to sneak their troops into the city of Troy using a wooden horse that was the city’s emblem. “The bacterium is from the gut, so the termite doesn’t realize that it’s a pathogen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacteria would then kill the protists that help the termite derive nutrition from wood. The termites would eventually starve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The engineered bacterium would be specific enough to the Formosan termite that it wouldn’t spread to other species of termites that are beneficial to the environment, said Tikhe. Termites in the rainforest, for example, break down wood into things that other creatures can eat and they improve the soil by crawling through it, just like worms do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1075831\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_NASUTE_TERMITES_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1075831\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_NASUTE_TERMITES_720.gif\" alt=\"Termites in the rainforest, such as these nasute termites in Peru, are useful to the environment. They break down wood into nutrients for other animals and plants.\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Termites in the rainforest, such as these nasute termites in Peru, are useful to the environment. They break down wood into nutrients for other animals and plants. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers have tested biological controls such as fungi as treatments against termites. But termites’ immune systems fight them back, and termites usually protect their colony by leaving it when they’re sick, said Tikhe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By tricking the termite into believing it’s eating a friendly microbe, researchers hope to turn its friends against their host.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Termites’ amazing digestive systems allow them to feed on wood and build nests from their own poop. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929523,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":951},"headData":{"title":"These Termites Turn Your House Into a Palace of Poop | KQED","description":"Termites’ amazing digestive systems allow them to feed on wood and build nests from their own poop. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"These Termites Turn Your House Into a Palace of Poop","datePublished":"2016-10-18T13:00:01.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:32:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/DYPQ1Tjp0ew","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1065215/these-termites-turn-your-house-into-a-palace-of-poop","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Termites cause billions of dollars in damage in the United States every year. Most pest-control companies douse infested houses and surrounding soil with chemical insecticides. But researchers are now trying to take advantage of termites’ peculiar habits to control them with biological strategies instead, by disrupting their amazing digestive systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Termites can crawl up into a house from the soil through \u003ca href=\"http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7415.html\">tubes \u003c/a>they make out of dirt and saliva, or winged adults can fly in, or both, depending on the species and type of termite involved. Once they’re established inside a house, they crawl through tight spaces — like the cockroaches they’re closely related to — gnawing and scraping the wood, causing damage to anything from structural wood and paneling to furniture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1075830\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_DAMPWOOD_TERMITE_EATS_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1075830\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_DAMPWOOD_TERMITE_EATS_720.gif\" alt=\"A dampwood termite eats wood by gnawing and scraping it. \" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dampwood termite eats wood by gnawing and scraping it. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some types, such as dampwood termites that are attracted by water-damaged wood, use their cardboard-like poop pellets to build up their nests, turning a human house into a termite toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They build their own houses out of their own feces,” said entomologist Michael Scharf, of Purdue University, in Indiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Termite poop isn’t smelly, like a carnivore’s fecal matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It smells smoky,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1075833\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_TERMITE_POOPS_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1075833\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_TERMITE_POOPS_720.gif\" alt=\"A dampwood termite poops on a piece of wood. These termites use their own feces as mortar and building blocks for their nests. \" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dampwood termite poops on a piece of wood. These termites use their own feces as mortar and building blocks for their nests. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And while they’re using their poop as a building material, termites are also feeding on the wood. They’re one of the few animals that can digest wood and extract nutrients from it, a feat humans are incapable of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can degrade proteins and fats and sugars and starches,” said microbiologist Jared Leadbetter, of the California Institute of Technology, in Pasadena. “But we don’t have enzymes in our saliva that break down cellulose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that even termites need help breaking down the cellulose in wood. Hundreds, and sometimes thousands, of species of microbes that live packed inside their guts help them do this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these microbes are bacteria. Leadbetter and his colleagues have found that one of these bacteria, called Treponema azotonutricium, combines nitrogen from the air and calories from the wood to make protein for the termites. This almost-magical ability would be akin to a human turning a calorie-rich food like a potato into a protein-rich food like a steak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the hundreds of bacteria, a termite’s gut is also host to a couple dozen species of protists, organisms that are neither animals, nor plants, nor fungi. Some of these protists swim around with the help of tail-like appendages called flagella. And scientists have found that several of them help termites break down wood by fermenting it, much the same way a brewer turns grain into beer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1075832\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_PROTIST_SWIMS_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1075832\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_PROTIST_SWIMS_720.gif\" alt=\"Protists live inside termites' guts and help them break down wood by fermenting the cellulose. \" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protists live inside termites’ guts and help them break down wood by fermenting the cellulose. \u003ccite>(Jared Leadbetter, Caltech, and Jessica Polka and Ethan Garner/Harvard University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The termites need the protists,” said Scharf. “The termite secretes its own enzymes at the front of the gut, near their mouth, and starts to break down the wood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this isn’t enough to derive calories from the wood. The partially digested wood first has to travel to the back of the termite’s gut — the hindgut — which serves as a fermentation chamber where protists and bacteria turn the wood into a substance called acetate, which gives the termite energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have found that certain types of protists are essential for termites’ survival. When these protists are eliminated from the termite’s gut, the insect can’t get any nutrition out of the wood. This is a weakness that biologists hope to exploit as a way to get rid of termites using biology rather than chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Louisiana State University entomologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chinmay_Tikhe\">Chinmay Tikhe\u003c/a> is working to genetically engineer a bacterium found in the Formosan subterranean termite’s gut so that the bacterium will destroy the gut protists. The idea would be to sneak these killer bacteria into the termite colony on some sort of bait the termites would eat and carry back with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a Trojan Horse,” said Tikhe, referring to the strategy used by the Greeks to sneak their troops into the city of Troy using a wooden horse that was the city’s emblem. “The bacterium is from the gut, so the termite doesn’t realize that it’s a pathogen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacteria would then kill the protists that help the termite derive nutrition from wood. The termites would eventually starve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The engineered bacterium would be specific enough to the Formosan termite that it wouldn’t spread to other species of termites that are beneficial to the environment, said Tikhe. Termites in the rainforest, for example, break down wood into things that other creatures can eat and they improve the soil by crawling through it, just like worms do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1075831\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_NASUTE_TERMITES_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1075831\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/10/DL_318TermiteGut_NASUTE_TERMITES_720.gif\" alt=\"Termites in the rainforest, such as these nasute termites in Peru, are useful to the environment. They break down wood into nutrients for other animals and plants.\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Termites in the rainforest, such as these nasute termites in Peru, are useful to the environment. They break down wood into nutrients for other animals and plants. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers have tested biological controls such as fungi as treatments against termites. But termites’ immune systems fight them back, and termites usually protect their colony by leaving it when they’re sick, said Tikhe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By tricking the termite into believing it’s eating a friendly microbe, researchers hope to turn its friends against their host.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1065215/these-termites-turn-your-house-into-a-palace-of-poop","authors":["6186"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_30","science_40","science_86"],"tags":["science_1970","science_2824"],"featImg":"science_1075952","label":"science_1935"},"science_457006":{"type":"posts","id":"science_457006","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"457006","score":null,"sort":[1452141911000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"epa-confirms-controversial-pesticide-harms-bees","title":"EPA Confirms Controversial Pesticide Can Harm Bees","publishDate":1452141911,"format":"standard","headTitle":"EPA Confirms Controversial Pesticide Can Harm Bees | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>If you follow bees, you’ve likely heard of a class of pesticides called neonicotinoids. They’re supposed to be safer for humans, because they’re often applied to seeds rather than sprayed directly on plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they’ve become a flashpoint for beekeepers and environmental groups, who argue the pesticides have conributed to widespread collapse of bee colonies, and who’ve \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-bees-lawsuit-idUSBRE92K13320130321\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued federal regulators\u003c/a> for not protecting bees from the chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/240844319″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the Environmental Protection Agency, in conjunction with the California Department for Pesticide Regulation, has released its \u003ca href=\"http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0844\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first assessment \u003c/a>of one of those chemicals, imidacloprid. Essentially, the report found that pesticide residues in the nectar and pollen of certain crops, like citrus and cotton, pose a risk to bees. But residue on other crops, like corn and leafy vegetables, did not pose significant risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That angers Steve Ellis, who says he watches his bees get sick when the chemical is used on nearby cornfields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see dead bees in the bee yard, on the bottom board and pallets, with their hives. And on their backs, with their legs going a mile a minute,” says Ellis, who’s preparing to move his hives from Minnesota to California’s Central Valley, as he does each winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”0pdUgag92D7Mi809O85hcVThPdZvxzTB”]Beekeepers have been complaining about the effects of neonicotinoids for more than a decade, and beekeepers like Ellis say it’s time to take some strong action to regulate the chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just way too long, way too slow, and it’s unacceptable,” says Ellis. “And I believe they were overly-reliant on industry-funded studies, and industry-run studies, and that’s always problematic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/registration/reevaluation/chemicals/neonicotinoids.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Pesticide Regulation\u003c/a> confirms that it asked the manufacturers of these pesticides to conduct tests, although independent government scientists verified the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer Crop Sciences, the company that manufactures imidocloprid, said in a statement that new studies continue to confirm that neonicotinoids are safe for bees and other pollinators when used appropriately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will review the EPA document,” the statement reads, “but at first glance it appears to overestimate the potential for harmful exposures in certain crops, such as citrus and cotton, while ignoring the important benefits these products provide and management practices to protect bees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers applied imidocloprid to about 1.5 million acres of crops in California in 2013, mostly on grapes, tomatoes, oranges, and cotton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that the EPA found a risk to bees when the pesticide is used on citrus worries Bob Blakely, vice president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cacitrusmutual.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Citrus Mutual.\u003c/a> The trade group represents most of the state’s orange and lemon growers. Blakely says he doesn’t want to see regulators ban imidocloprid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will force us to go back to some of the older chemistry, the harsher chemicals that the activist community has rallied against for years,” says Blakely. “It would actually be a step backwards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blakely is particularly concerned because imidocloprid is used to control the Asian Citrus Psyllid, which threatens the state’s $2 billion citrus industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the same day the EPA released its report, \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/press-release/beekeepers-farmers-and-public-interest-groups-sue-epa-over-failed-oversight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">beekeepers again sued the agency\u003c/a> for not regulating neonicotinoid’s use as a seed coating on crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“EPA can’t bury its head in the sand any longer,” says Marcia Ishii-Eiteman, a scientist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pesticide Action Network\u003c/a>. “Seed coatings are just the latest delivery device of pesticide corporations that pose a threat to pollinators and the food system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: In 2012, Sasha Khokha ventured into an almond orchard near Modesto at night \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R201202170850/c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to report on\u003c/a> a new class of pesticides that worried beekeepers. She gets stung way too many times, questions independent researchers who were evaluating the chemicals and talks with a representative from Bayer Crop Sciences, who manufactures them.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new report evaluates how residues of a controversial type of pesticide, known as a neonicotinoid, affect bee health.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930823,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":716},"headData":{"title":"EPA Confirms Controversial Pesticide Can Harm Bees | KQED","description":"A new report evaluates how residues of a controversial type of pesticide, known as a neonicotinoid, affect bee health.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"EPA Confirms Controversial Pesticide Can Harm Bees","datePublished":"2016-01-07T04:45:11.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:53:43.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"KQED Science","sticky":false,"path":"/science/457006/epa-confirms-controversial-pesticide-harms-bees","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you follow bees, you’ve likely heard of a class of pesticides called neonicotinoids. They’re supposed to be safer for humans, because they’re often applied to seeds rather than sprayed directly on plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they’ve become a flashpoint for beekeepers and environmental groups, who argue the pesticides have conributed to widespread collapse of bee colonies, and who’ve \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-bees-lawsuit-idUSBRE92K13320130321\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued federal regulators\u003c/a> for not protecting bees from the chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/240844319″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/240844319″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the Environmental Protection Agency, in conjunction with the California Department for Pesticide Regulation, has released its \u003ca href=\"http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0844\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first assessment \u003c/a>of one of those chemicals, imidacloprid. Essentially, the report found that pesticide residues in the nectar and pollen of certain crops, like citrus and cotton, pose a risk to bees. But residue on other crops, like corn and leafy vegetables, did not pose significant risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That angers Steve Ellis, who says he watches his bees get sick when the chemical is used on nearby cornfields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see dead bees in the bee yard, on the bottom board and pallets, with their hives. And on their backs, with their legs going a mile a minute,” says Ellis, who’s preparing to move his hives from Minnesota to California’s Central Valley, as he does each winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Beekeepers have been complaining about the effects of neonicotinoids for more than a decade, and beekeepers like Ellis say it’s time to take some strong action to regulate the chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just way too long, way too slow, and it’s unacceptable,” says Ellis. “And I believe they were overly-reliant on industry-funded studies, and industry-run studies, and that’s always problematic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/registration/reevaluation/chemicals/neonicotinoids.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Pesticide Regulation\u003c/a> confirms that it asked the manufacturers of these pesticides to conduct tests, although independent government scientists verified the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer Crop Sciences, the company that manufactures imidocloprid, said in a statement that new studies continue to confirm that neonicotinoids are safe for bees and other pollinators when used appropriately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will review the EPA document,” the statement reads, “but at first glance it appears to overestimate the potential for harmful exposures in certain crops, such as citrus and cotton, while ignoring the important benefits these products provide and management practices to protect bees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers applied imidocloprid to about 1.5 million acres of crops in California in 2013, mostly on grapes, tomatoes, oranges, and cotton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that the EPA found a risk to bees when the pesticide is used on citrus worries Bob Blakely, vice president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cacitrusmutual.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Citrus Mutual.\u003c/a> The trade group represents most of the state’s orange and lemon growers. Blakely says he doesn’t want to see regulators ban imidocloprid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will force us to go back to some of the older chemistry, the harsher chemicals that the activist community has rallied against for years,” says Blakely. “It would actually be a step backwards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blakely is particularly concerned because imidocloprid is used to control the Asian Citrus Psyllid, which threatens the state’s $2 billion citrus industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the same day the EPA released its report, \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/press-release/beekeepers-farmers-and-public-interest-groups-sue-epa-over-failed-oversight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">beekeepers again sued the agency\u003c/a> for not regulating neonicotinoid’s use as a seed coating on crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“EPA can’t bury its head in the sand any longer,” says Marcia Ishii-Eiteman, a scientist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pesticide Action Network\u003c/a>. “Seed coatings are just the latest delivery device of pesticide corporations that pose a threat to pollinators and the food system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: In 2012, Sasha Khokha ventured into an almond orchard near Modesto at night \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R201202170850/c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to report on\u003c/a> a new class of pesticides that worried beekeepers. She gets stung way too many times, questions independent researchers who were evaluating the chemicals and talks with a representative from Bayer Crop Sciences, who manufactures them.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/457006/epa-confirms-controversial-pesticide-harms-bees","authors":["254"],"categories":["science_30","science_29","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_896","science_2080","science_2824"],"featImg":"science_457345","label":"source_science_457006"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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