Report: 'Long-Term Systemic Failure' Led to Oroville Dam Crisis
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She covers wildfires, space and oceans (though she is prone to sea sickness).\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2015, Danielle was a staff reporter at KRCB in Sonoma County and a freelancer. She studied science communication at UC Santa Cruz and formerly worked at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland where she wrote about computing. She lives in Sonoma County and enjoys backpacking.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ebaf11ee6cfb7bb40329a143d463829e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"DanielleVenton","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Danielle Venton | KQED","description":"Science reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ebaf11ee6cfb7bb40329a143d463829e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ebaf11ee6cfb7bb40329a143d463829e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dventon"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon 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Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1918649":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1918649","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1918649","score":null,"sort":[1515181166000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"report-long-term-systemic-failure-led-to-oroville-dam-crisis","title":"Report: 'Long-Term Systemic Failure' Led to Oroville Dam Crisis","publishDate":1515181166,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Report: ‘Long-Term Systemic Failure’ Led to Oroville Dam Crisis | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>An independent report by national dam engineering experts says “long-term systemic failures” led to the collapse last year of two spillways at the nation’s tallest dam, and subsequent mass evacuations of areas near Oroville in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://damsafety.org/sites/default/files/files/Independent%20Forensic%20Team%20Report%20Final%2001-05-18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nearly 600-page report\u003c/a> prepared jointly by the \u003ca href=\"https://damsafety.org/article/oroville-investigation-team-update\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Association of State Dam Safety Officials\u003c/a> and United States Society on Dams cites a string of failures from flaws in the dam’s original design and construction in the 1960s, to the bedrock upon which it was built, to lapses in ongoing inspections over the decades since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The seriousness of the weak as-constructed conditions and lack of repair durability was not recognized during numerous inspections and review processes over the almost 50-year history of the project.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the crisis, the questionable rigor of routine dam inspections and lack of response to inspectors’ recommendations became a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/05/16/oroville-crisis-triggers-rethinking-of-california-dam-management/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">focus of state legislators\u003c/a>, who went as far as suggesting that the dam’s management be wrested away from the California Dept. of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest report balks at blaming any “individual, group or organization,” instead spreading responsibility over virtually everyone involved in the dam’s design, construction and operation. But members of the Independent Forensic Team who wrote the report noted that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“DWR has been somewhat overconfident and complacent regarding the integrity of its civil infrastructure and has tended to emphasize shorter-term operational considerations. Combined with cost pressures, this resulted in strained internal relationships and inadequate priority for dam safety.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In a statement, DWR Director Grant Davis (who joined the agency since last year’s crisis), said the report is “consistent” with the findings of the agency’s own independent review, and that lessons from that were “fully incorporated in the design of the reconstructed spillways.” DWR rushed to complete a partial rebuild of the dam’s spillways before the start of the current wet season, last November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But almost as soon as work on the replacement spillways wound up, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/27/feds-ask-state-to-explain-cracks-in-new-concrete-on-oroville-spillway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concerns arose about cracks\u003c/a> appearing in newly-poured concrete on the main spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis offered assurance that DWR would “carefully assess this report, share it with the entire dam safety community and incorporate the lessons learned going forward to ensure California continues to lead the nation on dam safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During intense winter storms last February, water levels behind the 770-foot-high dam rose to the point where the dam’s principal spillway broke down under pressure from necessary releases into the river. When the dam’s earthen “auxiliary” or emergency spillway began to disintegrate as well, evacuation orders went out to about 800,000 people in Oroville and other communities downstream of the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IFT report issued today called the near-disaster at Oroville “a wake-up call for everyone involved in dam safety.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Report spreads blame among builders, managers and regulators.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928245,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":504},"headData":{"title":"Report: 'Long-Term Systemic Failure' Led to Oroville Dam Crisis | KQED","description":"Report spreads blame among builders, managers and regulators.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Report: 'Long-Term Systemic Failure' Led to Oroville Dam Crisis","datePublished":"2018-01-05T19:39:26.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:10:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1918649/report-long-term-systemic-failure-led-to-oroville-dam-crisis","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An independent report by national dam engineering experts says “long-term systemic failures” led to the collapse last year of two spillways at the nation’s tallest dam, and subsequent mass evacuations of areas near Oroville in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://damsafety.org/sites/default/files/files/Independent%20Forensic%20Team%20Report%20Final%2001-05-18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nearly 600-page report\u003c/a> prepared jointly by the \u003ca href=\"https://damsafety.org/article/oroville-investigation-team-update\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Association of State Dam Safety Officials\u003c/a> and United States Society on Dams cites a string of failures from flaws in the dam’s original design and construction in the 1960s, to the bedrock upon which it was built, to lapses in ongoing inspections over the decades since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The seriousness of the weak as-constructed conditions and lack of repair durability was not recognized during numerous inspections and review processes over the almost 50-year history of the project.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the crisis, the questionable rigor of routine dam inspections and lack of response to inspectors’ recommendations became a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/05/16/oroville-crisis-triggers-rethinking-of-california-dam-management/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">focus of state legislators\u003c/a>, who went as far as suggesting that the dam’s management be wrested away from the California Dept. of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest report balks at blaming any “individual, group or organization,” instead spreading responsibility over virtually everyone involved in the dam’s design, construction and operation. But members of the Independent Forensic Team who wrote the report noted that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“DWR has been somewhat overconfident and complacent regarding the integrity of its civil infrastructure and has tended to emphasize shorter-term operational considerations. Combined with cost pressures, this resulted in strained internal relationships and inadequate priority for dam safety.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In a statement, DWR Director Grant Davis (who joined the agency since last year’s crisis), said the report is “consistent” with the findings of the agency’s own independent review, and that lessons from that were “fully incorporated in the design of the reconstructed spillways.” DWR rushed to complete a partial rebuild of the dam’s spillways before the start of the current wet season, last November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But almost as soon as work on the replacement spillways wound up, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/27/feds-ask-state-to-explain-cracks-in-new-concrete-on-oroville-spillway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concerns arose about cracks\u003c/a> appearing in newly-poured concrete on the main spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis offered assurance that DWR would “carefully assess this report, share it with the entire dam safety community and incorporate the lessons learned going forward to ensure California continues to lead the nation on dam safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During intense winter storms last February, water levels behind the 770-foot-high dam rose to the point where the dam’s principal spillway broke down under pressure from necessary releases into the river. When the dam’s earthen “auxiliary” or emergency spillway began to disintegrate as well, evacuation orders went out to about 800,000 people in Oroville and other communities downstream of the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IFT report issued today called the near-disaster at Oroville “a wake-up call for everyone involved in dam safety.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1918649/report-long-term-systemic-failure-led-to-oroville-dam-crisis","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_89","science_40"],"tags":["science_3370","science_3273"],"featImg":"science_1918653","label":"science"},"science_1918448":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1918448","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1918448","score":null,"sort":[1514048047000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stories-that-taught-us-something-this-year-handpicked-by-the-kqed-science-team","title":"Stories that Taught us Something This Year, Handpicked by the KQED Science Team","publishDate":1514048047,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Stories that Taught us Something This Year, Handpicked by the KQED Science Team | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[gallery size=\"medium\" type=\"rectangular\" ids=\"1914427,1918037,1918453,1481293,1918475,296291,23243,1465670\" orderby=\"rand\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year 2017 has been one of extremes. We saw a historic multiyear drought end in one winter of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/24/watch-how-fast-a-five-year-drought-can-disappear/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">massive rainfall\u003c/a>. With the deluge came extreme flooding, only to be followed by the most \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/10/10/northern-california-fires-are-among-the-states-most-destructive/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">destructive fires the state has ever seen\u003c/a>. A massive, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/15/after-oroville-crisis-state-orders-inspections-at-scores-of-aging-spillways/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">key piece\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>of infrastructure threatened to fail and sweep away homes and lives. Technology continued to tighten its grip on us. Once fringe ideas about gender and identity grew mainstream and prompted the state of California to recognize a third gender. The skies continued to amaze us and, indeed, blew us away on a very special day in August, when we witnessed a total solar eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through high water and low, KQED Science has been here, working to bring you the best and most important science coverage. We’ve handpicked some of the stories that particularly stuck with us this year — that made us think in a new way or taught us something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\">FUTURE OF YOU\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/24/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/01/Max-e1493051858120.jpg\" alt=\"Max, a 13-year-old Californian who identifies as agender, one of multiple gender identities that fall into the umbrella of 'nonbinary.' The state will allow residents to choose nonbinary as an official gender on drivers licenses and birth certificates starting in 2019.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/24/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boy? Girl? Both? Neither? A New Generation Overthrows Gender\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> Jon Brooks, April 24, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More and more people are opting for ‘nonbinary’ gender identities as they reject the concept of gender as only male or female. The story was a favorite of many on the team.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jon Brooks – Editor, Future of You \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This story really made me aware of the way that gender has become wide open, especially for a younger generation. Frankly, it was so far outside my experience that someone would say ‘I’m both male and female’ or ‘I’m neither male nor female’ or ‘Sometimes I’m male, sometimes I’m female.’ I grew up in Greenwich Village in the 1970s so had long ago wrapped my head around the idea of men identifying as women and vice versa. But the idea that gender was fluid or did not fall into an either/or rubric — I’d never considered that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Something I learned was that you actually get used to this concept pretty quickly. At first when you hear someone say ‘Call me “they” instead of “he” or “she,” it can seem like a big hurdle. There can be a lot of resistance because language is so fundamental to how we view the world. While editing we spent a lot of time trying to construct sentences that didn’t use “they” because we felt it would be confusing to readers. But then after a while we just gave up and said, ‘OK you know this person is a “they” and the audience will get used to it.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have talked to many gender nonconforming kids and parents now, and I know their stories and I have seen that it is frequently a very difficult process. And if we are to believe the studies and polls on this topic, there does appear to be a real gender revolution going on in terms of both gender expression and gender identity. I can tell you, however, that I have baby boomer friends who are pretty liberal but will still roll their eyes when this topic comes up, so it will be interesting to see how long it will take society at large to come to terms with what’s going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/\">KQED SCIENCE\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/29/risk-of-shark-attacks-in-california-has-plummeted-researchers-say/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/iStock-503516024-e1512002719505.jpg\" alt=\"A White Shark leaps out of the water.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/29/risk-of-shark-attacks-in-california-has-plummeted-researchers-say/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Risk of Shark Attacks in California Has Plummeted, Researchers Say\u003c/a>,” \u003c/em>Danielle Venton, November 29, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the common fears of shark attack, individual risk in California is incredibly low — and it has declined since 1950.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lindsey Hoshaw – Interactive Producer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I appreciated Danielle’s story about shark attacks declining in California. I swim in the Bay and have never seen a shark. So many people think ‘I’m at imminent risk of getting attacked by Jaws.’ I think the way the media covers shark attacks is partially to blame, so it was good to see the statistics showing you’re much less likely now to get attacked by a shark than you were in the ’50s. Humans are so much more dangerous to sharks than sharks are to humans. Every year an estimated 100 million sharks around the world are killed. Just a handful of people have shark encounters, and they usually don’t die from them. I think it’s important to share the true — and negligible — risk that sharks pose, so that people’s reactions are not fear-based.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\">FUTURE OF YOU\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/17/theres-growing-consensus-the-internet-is-addictive/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/internet_addiction-2.jpg\" alt=\"A cartoon showing a girl boxed in by computer screens.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/17/theres-growing-consensus-the-internet-is-addictive/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">After Compulsively Watching YouTube, Teen Girl Lands in Rehab\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> Lesley McClurg, April 17, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A teenaged girl turned to online videos to be like the cool kids. Here’s the story of what went wrong, and a look at whether compulsive internet use is really an addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesley McClurg – Reporter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to answer the question, ‘Is the internet actually addictive?’ because I find myself spending more and more time online. I ended up focusing on teenagers who spend most of their waking hours engaged with their devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was struck by one story in particular — a girl who was clinically diagnosed with social media addiction and in rehab. The rehab center had been treating teens for 25 years, and the directors said they used to just see patients for drugs and alcohol. But they are seeing more and more patients who are addicted to the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned that a lot of the leading tech companies are using really sophisticated methods to encourage us to spend more and more time online. What might be the scariest part is that I know all of that and I’m still not able to resist it. It’s physically difficult for me to set down my phone and walk away from it to go do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science\">KQED SCIENCE\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/12/end-of-californias-epic-drought-is-in-sight/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Drought_Jan_2017.jpg\" alt=\"The U.S. Drought Monitor’s weekly analysis, released on Thursday, shows only 2 percent of the state remains in the most extreme category, “exceptional drought,” down from nearly 43 percent a year ago.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/12/end-of-californias-epic-drought-is-in-sight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">End of California’s Epic Drought Is in Sight\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> Craig Miller, January 12, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leading water experts are edging toward calling an end to the state’s most grueling drought on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Craig Miller – Editor/Senior Reporter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me the most indelible story of 2017 was — hands down — the end of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/12/end-of-californias-epic-drought-is-in-sight/\">most punishing drought\u003c/a> in California’s history. One thing that struck me was \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/24/watch-how-fast-a-five-year-drought-can-disappear/\">how quickly things turned around\u003c/a>. The record precipitation over the winter of 2016-17 lent credence to the adage that in Calfornia, ‘big droughts end in big floods,’ and served as a wake-up call that the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/09/25/california-cities-will-flood-so-why-arent-we-ready/\">floodwater infrastructure\u003c/a> is not quite up to handling the volatile swings and extreme weather events projected for California’s changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the 5-year ordeal also ended with overdue — and I think, permanent — changes in the way that many Californians think about water. We saw statewide restrictions on water use adopted for the first time, some of which became permanent. The first strides toward managing the state’s groundwater were finally taken (though they’ll take decades to fully take hold), and aggressive programs were launched to capture and recycle potential sources, such as stormwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would give honorable mention to Earth Day’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/22/live-san-francisco-march-for-science/\">March for Science\u003c/a>, in which scientists took to the streets to support research funding and science-based policy. In fact, it was nearly unprecedented that any scientists would take to the streets for that purpose, let alone in the tens of thousands. With notable exceptions like \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=james+hansen+nasa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Hansen\u003c/a>, scientists considered public activism anathema to what they do, because any whiff of political zeal would undermine the credibility of their work. One has to wonder if the hundreds of marches internationally this year marked a seismic shift at the intersection of science and public policy, the current administration’s views notwithstanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/SCIENCE/\">KQED SCIENCE\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/tag/oroville-dam/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/P2110332-768x576.jpg\" alt=\"A Cal Fire team watches water surge down and around the collapsed main spillway at Oroville Dam on February 11.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/05/16/oroville-crisis-triggers-rethinking-of-california-dam-management/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oroville Crisis Triggers Rethinking of California Dam Management\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> Craig Miller, May 16, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers and local officials want better answers before Oroville’s disintegrated spillways are rebuilt.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paul Rogers – Managing Editor\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what the Oroville Dam crisis in February showed us was that even some of the largest, most impressive public work structures that humans have built are still no match for nature. The Oroville Dam is 770 feet tall. It’s the height of like an 80-story building. It holds back a lake that’s more than 10 miles long, and it is a linchpin of California’s water supply for millions of people. And for a couple of days in February, the whole thing was falling apart because of some big rainstorms, and that taught us a lot about how we need to improve the safety of dams, how we need to better maintain and inspect infrastructure like bridges and roads, and how vital it is to get the engineering right, because if we don’t, very, very bad things can happen, even to objects we think are invincible. I mean, that dam, to me, was like the Titanic, and it still almost sunk.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\">FUTURE OF YOU\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/13/the-difference-between-a-bully-and-a-true-alpha-male/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/11/iStock-4718152371-1920x1245.jpg\" alt=\"Stock image of two chimpanzees.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/13/the-difference-between-a-bully-and-a-true-alpha-male/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Difference Between a Bully and a True Alpha Male\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> Lesley McClurg, November 13, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We share 98 percent of our DNA with apes, and they can teach us something about good leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kat Snow – Senior Editor\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Frans de Waal is brilliant. He’s been doing primate research for decades. and I really admire the way he helps us to think about who we are, where we come from, what kind of attributes and qualities do we share with our primate ancestors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was curious about what qualities of leadership primates value. What was surprising is that one of the key qualities for primates in a true leader is a sense of compassion. He used the term ‘consoler in chief.’ It’s the job of a leader to be with those in distress. And that’s what true alpha primate leaders do in stable communities. The ones who get power by bullying don’t last very long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Americans sometimes think of an ‘alpha’ as dominant, aggressively displaying power. But knowing that true Alphas also send off their challengers with displays of connection, of compassion, with a ‘heart quality,’ was a very profound thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It demonstrates that in primates, traits that we humans might label as ‘masculine’ or ‘feminine’ are blended together in the best leaders. Perhaps that can teach us something. Those qualities aren’t opposites, you need them together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/SCIENCE/\">KQED SCIENCE\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/03/how-much-drinking-water-has-california-lost-to-oil-industry-waste-no-one-knows/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Aera-Belridge_field-web-1920x1070.jpg\" alt=\"View of an oilfield.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/03/how-much-drinking-water-has-california-lost-to-oil-industry-waste-no-one-knows/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Much Drinking Water Has California Lost to Oil Industry Waste? No One Knows\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> Lauren Sommer, August 3, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, California regulators mistakenly allowed oil companies to put their wastewater in protected aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lauren Sommer – Reporter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California likes to pride itself on its environmental track record, but what really struck me about this story was the extent of the errors regulators were making. Given how important groundwater is, especially with California’s chronic droughts, there are still a lot of unanswered questions about what impact the oil industry has had on water quality. We spent months digging through documents and maps to produce this piece, but really it comes down to the story of one person who was able to discover something companies and regulators had completely overlooked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/SCIENCE/\">KQED SCIENCE\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/21/live-blog-the-great-american-solar-eclipse/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/TSE2012PhilHart_6999_900px.jpg\" alt=\"View of an oilfield.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/21/live-blog-the-great-american-solar-eclipse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Solar Eclipse Hunters\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> KQED Science, August 21, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To cover the solar eclipse, Danielle Venton headed to the Lost River Field Station in Idaho, to camp with a group of solar scientists. These ‘solar wind sherpas’ travel the world hunting total eclipses and, on Aug. 21, they were getting ready to take their most sophisticated readings to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Danielle Venton – Editor\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was captivated by our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/eclipse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">solar eclipse coverage\u003c/a>, especially the day of coverage on August 21. Witnessing the total eclipse was a life-changing moment and one of my favorite memories of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prior to that day, I had been reporting and writing about the phenomenon for weeks. I was a little afraid that I’d be underwhelmed by something I had spent so much time researching. Instead, I was totally unprepared for the sight of the sun going black and the appearance of a large, silvery halo in the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned a lot about the workings of the sun’s corona doing this story. But the reason it sticks in my head is that during this time of incredible tension and division in our country, millions of us lifted our faces toward the skies on that day and felt euphoria and awe. It drove home that we live in a strange, but ultimately beautiful world.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In an ever-churning news cycle, these are the stories that stuck with us.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928261,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":true,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":48,"wordCount":2197},"headData":{"title":"Stories that Taught us Something This Year, Handpicked by the KQED Science Team | KQED","description":"In an ever-churning news cycle, these are the stories that stuck with us.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Stories that Taught us Something This Year, Handpicked by the KQED Science Team","datePublished":"2017-12-23T16:54:07.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:11:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1918448/stories-that-taught-us-something-this-year-handpicked-by-the-kqed-science-team","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"gallery","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","type":"rectangular","ids":"1914427,1918037,1918453,1481293,1918475,296291,23243,1465670","orderby":"rand","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year 2017 has been one of extremes. We saw a historic multiyear drought end in one winter of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/24/watch-how-fast-a-five-year-drought-can-disappear/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">massive rainfall\u003c/a>. With the deluge came extreme flooding, only to be followed by the most \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/10/10/northern-california-fires-are-among-the-states-most-destructive/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">destructive fires the state has ever seen\u003c/a>. A massive, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/15/after-oroville-crisis-state-orders-inspections-at-scores-of-aging-spillways/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">key piece\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>of infrastructure threatened to fail and sweep away homes and lives. Technology continued to tighten its grip on us. Once fringe ideas about gender and identity grew mainstream and prompted the state of California to recognize a third gender. The skies continued to amaze us and, indeed, blew us away on a very special day in August, when we witnessed a total solar eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through high water and low, KQED Science has been here, working to bring you the best and most important science coverage. We’ve handpicked some of the stories that particularly stuck with us this year — that made us think in a new way or taught us something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\">FUTURE OF YOU\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/24/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/01/Max-e1493051858120.jpg\" alt=\"Max, a 13-year-old Californian who identifies as agender, one of multiple gender identities that fall into the umbrella of 'nonbinary.' The state will allow residents to choose nonbinary as an official gender on drivers licenses and birth certificates starting in 2019.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/24/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boy? Girl? Both? Neither? A New Generation Overthrows Gender\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> Jon Brooks, April 24, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More and more people are opting for ‘nonbinary’ gender identities as they reject the concept of gender as only male or female. The story was a favorite of many on the team.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jon Brooks – Editor, Future of You \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This story really made me aware of the way that gender has become wide open, especially for a younger generation. Frankly, it was so far outside my experience that someone would say ‘I’m both male and female’ or ‘I’m neither male nor female’ or ‘Sometimes I’m male, sometimes I’m female.’ I grew up in Greenwich Village in the 1970s so had long ago wrapped my head around the idea of men identifying as women and vice versa. But the idea that gender was fluid or did not fall into an either/or rubric — I’d never considered that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Something I learned was that you actually get used to this concept pretty quickly. At first when you hear someone say ‘Call me “they” instead of “he” or “she,” it can seem like a big hurdle. There can be a lot of resistance because language is so fundamental to how we view the world. While editing we spent a lot of time trying to construct sentences that didn’t use “they” because we felt it would be confusing to readers. But then after a while we just gave up and said, ‘OK you know this person is a “they” and the audience will get used to it.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have talked to many gender nonconforming kids and parents now, and I know their stories and I have seen that it is frequently a very difficult process. And if we are to believe the studies and polls on this topic, there does appear to be a real gender revolution going on in terms of both gender expression and gender identity. I can tell you, however, that I have baby boomer friends who are pretty liberal but will still roll their eyes when this topic comes up, so it will be interesting to see how long it will take society at large to come to terms with what’s going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/\">KQED SCIENCE\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/29/risk-of-shark-attacks-in-california-has-plummeted-researchers-say/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/iStock-503516024-e1512002719505.jpg\" alt=\"A White Shark leaps out of the water.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/29/risk-of-shark-attacks-in-california-has-plummeted-researchers-say/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Risk of Shark Attacks in California Has Plummeted, Researchers Say\u003c/a>,” \u003c/em>Danielle Venton, November 29, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the common fears of shark attack, individual risk in California is incredibly low — and it has declined since 1950.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lindsey Hoshaw – Interactive Producer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I appreciated Danielle’s story about shark attacks declining in California. I swim in the Bay and have never seen a shark. So many people think ‘I’m at imminent risk of getting attacked by Jaws.’ I think the way the media covers shark attacks is partially to blame, so it was good to see the statistics showing you’re much less likely now to get attacked by a shark than you were in the ’50s. Humans are so much more dangerous to sharks than sharks are to humans. Every year an estimated 100 million sharks around the world are killed. Just a handful of people have shark encounters, and they usually don’t die from them. I think it’s important to share the true — and negligible — risk that sharks pose, so that people’s reactions are not fear-based.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\">FUTURE OF YOU\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/17/theres-growing-consensus-the-internet-is-addictive/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/internet_addiction-2.jpg\" alt=\"A cartoon showing a girl boxed in by computer screens.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/17/theres-growing-consensus-the-internet-is-addictive/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">After Compulsively Watching YouTube, Teen Girl Lands in Rehab\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> Lesley McClurg, April 17, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A teenaged girl turned to online videos to be like the cool kids. Here’s the story of what went wrong, and a look at whether compulsive internet use is really an addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesley McClurg – Reporter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to answer the question, ‘Is the internet actually addictive?’ because I find myself spending more and more time online. I ended up focusing on teenagers who spend most of their waking hours engaged with their devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was struck by one story in particular — a girl who was clinically diagnosed with social media addiction and in rehab. The rehab center had been treating teens for 25 years, and the directors said they used to just see patients for drugs and alcohol. But they are seeing more and more patients who are addicted to the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned that a lot of the leading tech companies are using really sophisticated methods to encourage us to spend more and more time online. What might be the scariest part is that I know all of that and I’m still not able to resist it. It’s physically difficult for me to set down my phone and walk away from it to go do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science\">KQED SCIENCE\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/12/end-of-californias-epic-drought-is-in-sight/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Drought_Jan_2017.jpg\" alt=\"The U.S. Drought Monitor’s weekly analysis, released on Thursday, shows only 2 percent of the state remains in the most extreme category, “exceptional drought,” down from nearly 43 percent a year ago.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/12/end-of-californias-epic-drought-is-in-sight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">End of California’s Epic Drought Is in Sight\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> Craig Miller, January 12, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leading water experts are edging toward calling an end to the state’s most grueling drought on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Craig Miller – Editor/Senior Reporter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me the most indelible story of 2017 was — hands down — the end of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/12/end-of-californias-epic-drought-is-in-sight/\">most punishing drought\u003c/a> in California’s history. One thing that struck me was \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/24/watch-how-fast-a-five-year-drought-can-disappear/\">how quickly things turned around\u003c/a>. The record precipitation over the winter of 2016-17 lent credence to the adage that in Calfornia, ‘big droughts end in big floods,’ and served as a wake-up call that the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/09/25/california-cities-will-flood-so-why-arent-we-ready/\">floodwater infrastructure\u003c/a> is not quite up to handling the volatile swings and extreme weather events projected for California’s changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the 5-year ordeal also ended with overdue — and I think, permanent — changes in the way that many Californians think about water. We saw statewide restrictions on water use adopted for the first time, some of which became permanent. The first strides toward managing the state’s groundwater were finally taken (though they’ll take decades to fully take hold), and aggressive programs were launched to capture and recycle potential sources, such as stormwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would give honorable mention to Earth Day’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/22/live-san-francisco-march-for-science/\">March for Science\u003c/a>, in which scientists took to the streets to support research funding and science-based policy. In fact, it was nearly unprecedented that any scientists would take to the streets for that purpose, let alone in the tens of thousands. With notable exceptions like \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=james+hansen+nasa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Hansen\u003c/a>, scientists considered public activism anathema to what they do, because any whiff of political zeal would undermine the credibility of their work. One has to wonder if the hundreds of marches internationally this year marked a seismic shift at the intersection of science and public policy, the current administration’s views notwithstanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/SCIENCE/\">KQED SCIENCE\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/tag/oroville-dam/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/P2110332-768x576.jpg\" alt=\"A Cal Fire team watches water surge down and around the collapsed main spillway at Oroville Dam on February 11.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/05/16/oroville-crisis-triggers-rethinking-of-california-dam-management/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oroville Crisis Triggers Rethinking of California Dam Management\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> Craig Miller, May 16, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers and local officials want better answers before Oroville’s disintegrated spillways are rebuilt.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paul Rogers – Managing Editor\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what the Oroville Dam crisis in February showed us was that even some of the largest, most impressive public work structures that humans have built are still no match for nature. The Oroville Dam is 770 feet tall. It’s the height of like an 80-story building. It holds back a lake that’s more than 10 miles long, and it is a linchpin of California’s water supply for millions of people. And for a couple of days in February, the whole thing was falling apart because of some big rainstorms, and that taught us a lot about how we need to improve the safety of dams, how we need to better maintain and inspect infrastructure like bridges and roads, and how vital it is to get the engineering right, because if we don’t, very, very bad things can happen, even to objects we think are invincible. I mean, that dam, to me, was like the Titanic, and it still almost sunk.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\">FUTURE OF YOU\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/13/the-difference-between-a-bully-and-a-true-alpha-male/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/11/iStock-4718152371-1920x1245.jpg\" alt=\"Stock image of two chimpanzees.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/13/the-difference-between-a-bully-and-a-true-alpha-male/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Difference Between a Bully and a True Alpha Male\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> Lesley McClurg, November 13, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We share 98 percent of our DNA with apes, and they can teach us something about good leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kat Snow – Senior Editor\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Frans de Waal is brilliant. He’s been doing primate research for decades. and I really admire the way he helps us to think about who we are, where we come from, what kind of attributes and qualities do we share with our primate ancestors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was curious about what qualities of leadership primates value. What was surprising is that one of the key qualities for primates in a true leader is a sense of compassion. He used the term ‘consoler in chief.’ It’s the job of a leader to be with those in distress. And that’s what true alpha primate leaders do in stable communities. The ones who get power by bullying don’t last very long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Americans sometimes think of an ‘alpha’ as dominant, aggressively displaying power. But knowing that true Alphas also send off their challengers with displays of connection, of compassion, with a ‘heart quality,’ was a very profound thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It demonstrates that in primates, traits that we humans might label as ‘masculine’ or ‘feminine’ are blended together in the best leaders. Perhaps that can teach us something. Those qualities aren’t opposites, you need them together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/SCIENCE/\">KQED SCIENCE\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/03/how-much-drinking-water-has-california-lost-to-oil-industry-waste-no-one-knows/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Aera-Belridge_field-web-1920x1070.jpg\" alt=\"View of an oilfield.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/03/how-much-drinking-water-has-california-lost-to-oil-industry-waste-no-one-knows/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Much Drinking Water Has California Lost to Oil Industry Waste? No One Knows\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> Lauren Sommer, August 3, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, California regulators mistakenly allowed oil companies to put their wastewater in protected aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lauren Sommer – Reporter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California likes to pride itself on its environmental track record, but what really struck me about this story was the extent of the errors regulators were making. Given how important groundwater is, especially with California’s chronic droughts, there are still a lot of unanswered questions about what impact the oil industry has had on water quality. We spent months digging through documents and maps to produce this piece, but really it comes down to the story of one person who was able to discover something companies and regulators had completely overlooked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/SCIENCE/\">KQED SCIENCE\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/21/live-blog-the-great-american-solar-eclipse/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/TSE2012PhilHart_6999_900px.jpg\" alt=\"View of an oilfield.\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/21/live-blog-the-great-american-solar-eclipse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Solar Eclipse Hunters\u003c/a>,”\u003c/em> KQED Science, August 21, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To cover the solar eclipse, Danielle Venton headed to the Lost River Field Station in Idaho, to camp with a group of solar scientists. These ‘solar wind sherpas’ travel the world hunting total eclipses and, on Aug. 21, they were getting ready to take their most sophisticated readings to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Danielle Venton – Editor\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was captivated by our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/eclipse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">solar eclipse coverage\u003c/a>, especially the day of coverage on August 21. Witnessing the total eclipse was a life-changing moment and one of my favorite memories of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prior to that day, I had been reporting and writing about the phenomenon for weeks. I was a little afraid that I’d be underwhelmed by something I had spent so much time researching. Instead, I was totally unprepared for the sight of the sun going black and the appearance of a large, silvery halo in the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned a lot about the workings of the sun’s corona doing this story. But the reason it sticks in my head is that during this time of incredible tension and division in our country, millions of us lifted our faces toward the skies on that day and felt euphoria and awe. It drove home that we live in a strange, but ultimately beautiful world.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1918448/stories-that-taught-us-something-this-year-handpicked-by-the-kqed-science-team","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_4450"],"tags":["science_1622","science_3370","science_490","science_2695","science_3273"],"featImg":"science_1918479","label":"science"},"news_11589367":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11589367","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11589367","score":null,"sort":[1501270612000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"oroville-dam-green-spot-department-of-water-resources","title":"Is 'Green Spot' a Sign of More Trouble for Oroville Dam?","publishDate":1501270612,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:35 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]F[/dropcap]rom Day 1 of the Oroville spillway crisis in February, the California Department of Water Resources has never wavered in its declarations that, despite the disintegration of the massive concrete flood control outlet and a near-disaster caused by uncontrolled emergency reservoir flows down a rapidly eroding hillside, the stability of the massive dam itself was not and has never been threatened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those oft-repeated assurances, public questions about the dam's integrity have persisted -- in internet forums, in community meetings and, most recently, in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/21/oroville-dam-spillway-report-alleges-dwr-ferc-negligence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> released last week under the auspices of UC Berkeley's Center for Catastrophic Risk Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's in part a reflection of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Oroville-Dam-repair-is-huge-but-so-is-11227869.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public distrust of DWR\u003c/a> after the spillway incident and in part a recognition that anything that seriously compromises the 770-foot-tall dam could endanger tens of thousands of lives, cripple a key element of California's water-supply network and put the state's entire economy at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, the questions have focused on an extensive area of moisture on the left side of the dam's downstream face that's known, even to the Department of Water Resources, as \"the green spot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spot, characterized by what state inspectors have termed \"lush\" vegetation during wet seasons that turns into dense thickets of dry weeds by late summer, is clearly visible on satellite images and measures about 700 feet long by 130 feet wide. That's roughly the size of two football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-800x485.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-800x485.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-160x97.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-240x146.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-375x227.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-520x315.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22.png 846w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A satellite image shows Oroville Dam's green spot on April 14, 2015. \u003ccite>(Google Earth)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week's \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3898834/Bea-and-Johnson-ROOT-CAUSES-REPORT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a>, led by internationally known civil engineer and risk management analyst \u003ca href=\"http://www.mensjournal.com/magazine/bob-bea-the-master-of-disaster-20130225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robert Bea\u003c/a>, included several subreports asking whether the moisture at the green spot is a sign that water is leaking through the dam and weakening its inner structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicly, DWR officials have tended to dismiss those concerns. In response to questions at community meetings in \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/summaries/Oro%20Community%20Mtg%20Sum_Oroville_20170502.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oroville\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/summaries/Oro%20Community%20Mtg%20Sum_YubaCity_20170509.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yuba City\u003c/a> in May, for instance, the agency said the green area is due to rainfall, that it first appeared while the dam was under construction, and that it poses no risk to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]B[/dropcap]ut outside public view, documents KQED obtained under the California Public Records Act show the Department of Water Resources has puzzled for years over the source of the seepage feeding the \"green spot\" and has been slow to act on a 2014 recommendation from independent experts to investigate the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR's uncertainty is reflected in a series of dam inspections between February and July 2011 -- Northern California's last wet winter before the five-year drought -- that produced contradictory conclusions about the issue and whether it was a chronic condition or something that appeared only seasonally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 2, 2011, a DWR inspection party hiked to the green spot -- about 200 vertical feet below the top of the massive structure -- and found extensive moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The cause of the seepage has yet to be determined,\" wrote Bill Pennington of DWR's Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-800x528.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-240x158.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-375x248.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-520x343.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An April 2014 inspection photograph of the Oroville Dam green spot. State officials say moisture has been observed in this area of the dam's downstream face since before Lake Oroville filled in the late 1960s, but they've never determined the source. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One possibility, he said, was rainwater may have collected -- or become \"perched,\" in engineering parlance -- within the dam's embankment. Another possible source: an area of seepage that had been noted in the dam's abutment during construction in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennington suggested that the area should be monitored and \"unexpected changes should be reported to DSOD.\" In a field notebook, Pennington wrote that Paul Dunlap of DWR's Dam Safety Branch was \"thinking of mapping the area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a May 2011 inspection visit, Pennington wrote that \"the long-established wet area at mid-slope on the left end of the dam remains active\" and recommended continued monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2011, with the lake level unseasonably high -- less than 2 feet below the edge of the dam's emergency weir -- DWR's Paul Dunlap returned to check out the green spot. He found it had \"essentially dried up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The drying out of the green spot (especially under high reservoir conditions) provides further evidence that the green spot phenomena on the dam is associated with precipitation or abutment seasonal spring activity and not seepage through the dam,\" Dunlap wrote in a report on his findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598651\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598651\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-800x422.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-800x422.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-160x84.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-240x127.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-375x198.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-520x274.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30.png 956w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image from a 2013 Oroville Dam inspection report noting the effects of moisture from the dam's \"green spot.\" \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]hose periodic observations continued -- sometimes the green spot was wet, sometimes dry -- along with Pennington's repeated recommendation that dam managers figure out how to monitor the area \"so that year to year changes can be recorded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August 2014, an independent board met to perform the dam's five-year federal safety review. The board's recommendations, released in December, called on DWR officials to investigate the green spot and try to determine whether it posed a threat to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This issue has a high historical profile that needs to be conclusively addressed,\" the consultants commented in one section of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's 2014 Part 12D report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board said that while much of the dam's behavior was understood, \"one issue that seems to not have been addressed by previous stability analyses is that associated with the green spot on the downstream face of the dam.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consultants' report noted that the final construction report for the dam, which went into service in 1968, indicated that the green spot area was observed even before Lake Oroville began rising behind the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The green spot is believed to be associated with pre-existing natural springs in the downstream left abutment area of the dam foundation,\" the Part 12D report says. The concentration of moisture, the document speculates, could be due to the composition of the rock and earth used to build the dam's downstream embankment. The fill, which may contain excessive volumes of very fine, dense material, \"may prevent free drainage of flows from those underlying springs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four consultants said that although there was no evidence of movement or instability in the green spot area, they recommended the Department of Water Resources investigate to see whether the persistent moisture could pose a risk to the dam, especially in the event an earthquake occurred during a period of particularly wet conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]n response, the Department of Water Resources has told the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission it intends to answer questions raised in the 2014 safety board report by September 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department last year got approval to bore a hole as deep as 150 feet in the dam's left abutment, adjacent to the green spot area. The drilling was to pursue a separate issue raised by the safety board -- the seismic vulnerability of Oroville Dam and nearby facilities. As part of that work, DWR told FERC, it planned to install an instrument for \"monitoring groundwater levels in proximity (to) the historic 'green spot' within the dam embankment. Data collected may provide beneficial in understanding the origin of seepage within the left abutment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a wave of questions raised by the UC Berkeley Center for Catastrophic Risk Management report issued last week, DWR says it's preparing a preliminary report on the green spot as well as a longer-term study of the issue. The report is due out next week, DWR spokeswoman Erin Mellon said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about DWR's response to the safety board recommendations or suggestions for monitoring made in the department's own inspection reports, Mellon said regular monitoring was ongoing and that \"to date, no issues of concern have been noted.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea, the leader of the UC Berkeley study, says that DWR has been complacent in its response to a host of issues related to the dam, including the green spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think these people are looking at these pieces of evidence and using their logic, 'Well, this dam's been here for 50 years. We've seen these wet spots before, and it's performed satisfactorily,' \" Bea said. \"What they're then concluding is that as you move forward into the future it will continue to perform satisfactorily. That conclusion is premised on a belief there won't be any changes as you move into the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea says that posture is similar to the one the department took to the dam's spillway. The imposing concrete structure had undergone several rounds of extensive repairs before it failed in February. Despite that history of recurring problems, there's no evidence that the department considered the possibility that the spillway might need to be rebuilt, and DWR inspections through last August consistently declared the structure fit for continued use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They kept thinking (that despite) these early warning signs -- 'Yeah, they're unusual, we've got to put concrete patches on those cracks. And yeah, there are voids under the concrete that we'll fill with concrete' -- it's going to remain stable,\" Bea said. \"That proved to be disastrously wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Documents show water officials have puzzled for years over seepage and have been slow to determine whether it poses a risk to dam's stability. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1501289658,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1555},"headData":{"title":"Is 'Green Spot' a Sign of More Trouble for Oroville Dam? | KQED","description":"Documents show water officials have puzzled for years over seepage and have been slow to determine whether it poses a risk to dam's stability. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Is 'Green Spot' a Sign of More Trouble for Oroville Dam?","datePublished":"2017-07-28T19:36:52.000Z","dateModified":"2017-07-29T00:54:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11589367 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11589367","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/28/oroville-dam-green-spot-department-of-water-resources/","disqusTitle":"Is 'Green Spot' a Sign of More Trouble for Oroville Dam?","WpOldSlug":"is-green-spot-a-sign-of-more-trouble-for-oroville-dam","path":"/news/11589367/oroville-dam-green-spot-department-of-water-resources","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:35 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">F\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>rom Day 1 of the Oroville spillway crisis in February, the California Department of Water Resources has never wavered in its declarations that, despite the disintegration of the massive concrete flood control outlet and a near-disaster caused by uncontrolled emergency reservoir flows down a rapidly eroding hillside, the stability of the massive dam itself was not and has never been threatened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those oft-repeated assurances, public questions about the dam's integrity have persisted -- in internet forums, in community meetings and, most recently, in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/21/oroville-dam-spillway-report-alleges-dwr-ferc-negligence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> released last week under the auspices of UC Berkeley's Center for Catastrophic Risk Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's in part a reflection of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Oroville-Dam-repair-is-huge-but-so-is-11227869.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public distrust of DWR\u003c/a> after the spillway incident and in part a recognition that anything that seriously compromises the 770-foot-tall dam could endanger tens of thousands of lives, cripple a key element of California's water-supply network and put the state's entire economy at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, the questions have focused on an extensive area of moisture on the left side of the dam's downstream face that's known, even to the Department of Water Resources, as \"the green spot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spot, characterized by what state inspectors have termed \"lush\" vegetation during wet seasons that turns into dense thickets of dry weeds by late summer, is clearly visible on satellite images and measures about 700 feet long by 130 feet wide. That's roughly the size of two football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-800x485.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-800x485.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-160x97.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-240x146.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-375x227.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-520x315.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22.png 846w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A satellite image shows Oroville Dam's green spot on April 14, 2015. \u003ccite>(Google Earth)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week's \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3898834/Bea-and-Johnson-ROOT-CAUSES-REPORT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a>, led by internationally known civil engineer and risk management analyst \u003ca href=\"http://www.mensjournal.com/magazine/bob-bea-the-master-of-disaster-20130225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robert Bea\u003c/a>, included several subreports asking whether the moisture at the green spot is a sign that water is leaking through the dam and weakening its inner structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicly, DWR officials have tended to dismiss those concerns. In response to questions at community meetings in \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/summaries/Oro%20Community%20Mtg%20Sum_Oroville_20170502.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oroville\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/summaries/Oro%20Community%20Mtg%20Sum_YubaCity_20170509.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yuba City\u003c/a> in May, for instance, the agency said the green area is due to rainfall, that it first appeared while the dam was under construction, and that it poses no risk to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">B\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ut outside public view, documents KQED obtained under the California Public Records Act show the Department of Water Resources has puzzled for years over the source of the seepage feeding the \"green spot\" and has been slow to act on a 2014 recommendation from independent experts to investigate the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR's uncertainty is reflected in a series of dam inspections between February and July 2011 -- Northern California's last wet winter before the five-year drought -- that produced contradictory conclusions about the issue and whether it was a chronic condition or something that appeared only seasonally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 2, 2011, a DWR inspection party hiked to the green spot -- about 200 vertical feet below the top of the massive structure -- and found extensive moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The cause of the seepage has yet to be determined,\" wrote Bill Pennington of DWR's Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-800x528.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-240x158.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-375x248.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-520x343.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An April 2014 inspection photograph of the Oroville Dam green spot. State officials say moisture has been observed in this area of the dam's downstream face since before Lake Oroville filled in the late 1960s, but they've never determined the source. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One possibility, he said, was rainwater may have collected -- or become \"perched,\" in engineering parlance -- within the dam's embankment. Another possible source: an area of seepage that had been noted in the dam's abutment during construction in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennington suggested that the area should be monitored and \"unexpected changes should be reported to DSOD.\" In a field notebook, Pennington wrote that Paul Dunlap of DWR's Dam Safety Branch was \"thinking of mapping the area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a May 2011 inspection visit, Pennington wrote that \"the long-established wet area at mid-slope on the left end of the dam remains active\" and recommended continued monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2011, with the lake level unseasonably high -- less than 2 feet below the edge of the dam's emergency weir -- DWR's Paul Dunlap returned to check out the green spot. He found it had \"essentially dried up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The drying out of the green spot (especially under high reservoir conditions) provides further evidence that the green spot phenomena on the dam is associated with precipitation or abutment seasonal spring activity and not seepage through the dam,\" Dunlap wrote in a report on his findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598651\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598651\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-800x422.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-800x422.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-160x84.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-240x127.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-375x198.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-520x274.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30.png 956w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image from a 2013 Oroville Dam inspection report noting the effects of moisture from the dam's \"green spot.\" \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hose periodic observations continued -- sometimes the green spot was wet, sometimes dry -- along with Pennington's repeated recommendation that dam managers figure out how to monitor the area \"so that year to year changes can be recorded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August 2014, an independent board met to perform the dam's five-year federal safety review. The board's recommendations, released in December, called on DWR officials to investigate the green spot and try to determine whether it posed a threat to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This issue has a high historical profile that needs to be conclusively addressed,\" the consultants commented in one section of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's 2014 Part 12D report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board said that while much of the dam's behavior was understood, \"one issue that seems to not have been addressed by previous stability analyses is that associated with the green spot on the downstream face of the dam.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consultants' report noted that the final construction report for the dam, which went into service in 1968, indicated that the green spot area was observed even before Lake Oroville began rising behind the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The green spot is believed to be associated with pre-existing natural springs in the downstream left abutment area of the dam foundation,\" the Part 12D report says. The concentration of moisture, the document speculates, could be due to the composition of the rock and earth used to build the dam's downstream embankment. The fill, which may contain excessive volumes of very fine, dense material, \"may prevent free drainage of flows from those underlying springs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four consultants said that although there was no evidence of movement or instability in the green spot area, they recommended the Department of Water Resources investigate to see whether the persistent moisture could pose a risk to the dam, especially in the event an earthquake occurred during a period of particularly wet conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n response, the Department of Water Resources has told the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission it intends to answer questions raised in the 2014 safety board report by September 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department last year got approval to bore a hole as deep as 150 feet in the dam's left abutment, adjacent to the green spot area. The drilling was to pursue a separate issue raised by the safety board -- the seismic vulnerability of Oroville Dam and nearby facilities. As part of that work, DWR told FERC, it planned to install an instrument for \"monitoring groundwater levels in proximity (to) the historic 'green spot' within the dam embankment. Data collected may provide beneficial in understanding the origin of seepage within the left abutment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a wave of questions raised by the UC Berkeley Center for Catastrophic Risk Management report issued last week, DWR says it's preparing a preliminary report on the green spot as well as a longer-term study of the issue. The report is due out next week, DWR spokeswoman Erin Mellon said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about DWR's response to the safety board recommendations or suggestions for monitoring made in the department's own inspection reports, Mellon said regular monitoring was ongoing and that \"to date, no issues of concern have been noted.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea, the leader of the UC Berkeley study, says that DWR has been complacent in its response to a host of issues related to the dam, including the green spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think these people are looking at these pieces of evidence and using their logic, 'Well, this dam's been here for 50 years. We've seen these wet spots before, and it's performed satisfactorily,' \" Bea said. \"What they're then concluding is that as you move forward into the future it will continue to perform satisfactorily. That conclusion is premised on a belief there won't be any changes as you move into the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea says that posture is similar to the one the department took to the dam's spillway. The imposing concrete structure had undergone several rounds of extensive repairs before it failed in February. Despite that history of recurring problems, there's no evidence that the department considered the possibility that the spillway might need to be rebuilt, and DWR inspections through last August consistently declared the structure fit for continued use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They kept thinking (that despite) these early warning signs -- 'Yeah, they're unusual, we've got to put concrete patches on those cracks. And yeah, there are voids under the concrete that we'll fill with concrete' -- it's going to remain stable,\" Bea said. \"That proved to be disastrously wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11589367/oroville-dam-green-spot-department-of-water-resources","authors":["222"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_5428","news_20509","news_17286","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_11598769","label":"news_72"},"science_1632014":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1632014","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1632014","score":null,"sort":[1494985649000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"oroville-crisis-triggers-rethinking-of-california-dam-management","title":"Oroville Crisis Triggers Rethinking of California Dam Management","publishDate":1494985649,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Oroville Crisis Triggers Rethinking of California Dam Management | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Engineers at Oroville Dam are dialing back the volume of water tumbling down the dam’s crippled main spillway. They hope this will will be the “last spill” on the enormous concrete chute before work on replacing it can begin in earnest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But much like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/28/photo-gallery-whats-left-of-oroville-dams-shattered-spillway/\">the spillway itself\u003c/a>, faith in the ability of the agency managing the project is showing some cracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an institutional failure,” says Ron Stork of Friends of the River, at a recent legislative oversight hearing. “That dam has not been safe since it was constructed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">This is an institutional failure. That dam has not been safe since it was constructed.\u003ccite>Ron Stork of Friends of the River\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Stork is partly referring to the Dept. of Water Resources’ choice to build the dam’s emergency spillway with no concrete reinforcement. Massive erosion on the bare earthen slope is what triggered mass evacuations in February, when weeks of heavy precipitation pushed Oroville Lake over the rim of the spillway, threatening a potentially catastrophic flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Inspections Lacking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But maintenance of the dam since its completion in 1968 has also undermined faith in the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The inspections over the years have been cursory,” says State Senator Jim Nielsen (R-Tehama). “That’s very alarming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nielsen and fellow legislators from both the senate and assembly seem to have drawn little comfort so far from a series of oversight hearings at the Capitol.\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/05/WEBOrovilleUpdate2way170515.mp3\u003cbr>\n“It gets to be more disturbing, the more information that we get,” says Nielsen, who recalls asking how often core samples were taken at the dam site to check the integrity of the spillway structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I ask the question, ‘Have you been doing boring,’ and I get a boring look back, that scares the heck out of me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR has admitted that the vast majority of inspections were “visual,” and that maintenance recommended by inspectors wasn’t always performed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever has gone on before — obviously — in terms of the inspections, has not been sufficient, by any reckoning,” says Nielsen, who is looking into a reorganization of the agency that inspects state dams. The Division of Safey of Dams is currently nested within DWR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to DWR’s website:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The California Water Code entrusts this regulatory power to the Department of Water Resources which delegates the program to the Division of Safety of Dams.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Some lawmakers suggest that wresting control of that office from DWR might make give it more clout, though state resources chief John Laird has defended the current regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it is fair to say that California has what independent experts consider the strongest dam inspections program in the country,” he told legislators last week, “but it’s obviously clear that we can do better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Breaking Up is Hard To Do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, some have suggested that Oroville might be better managed in the hands of another entity entirely, though it’s unclear what that might be or how such a transition could occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s at least a question that we should have,” says Assemblyman James Gallagher (R-Yuba City), who was one of more than 180,000 ordered to evacuate along the Feather River in February. “Is this the best agency to be operating the dam up there?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other dams in California are operated by the federal Bureau of Reclamation, Army Corps of Engineers, and in some cases, local water authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No matter who operates it, there needs to be a change in the process up there,” says Gallagher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, this didn’t happen because of Mother Nature,” he adds. “It happened because of organizational issues and things that we did not do in design, construction, and in our maintenance and operations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR’s acting director Bill Croyle is promising a full “forensic” review of the February incident sometime this fall. An extremely preliminary \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/Memorandum_050517.pdf\">three-page report\u003c/a> issued last week by a team of consultants listed an array of possible contributing factors, ranging from thin or inconsistent concrete thickness on the main spillway, to weak, weathered rock on the emergency spillway (\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/07/how-incompetent-rock-led-to-the-oroville-dam-crisis/\">see our April 7 story\u003c/a> on the geological flaws and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">Dan Brekke’s April 18 story\u003c/a> on potential causes for the spillway collapse).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have all the answers,” Croyle told lawmakers. “We don’t know why it failed yet. We won’t know for a while.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, DWR is surging ahead with the reconstruction, racing to have a workable spillway in place before the rains return in November. Even while recognizing the urgency, some lawmakers are uneasy with a fast-track construction program before the final failure analysis is in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Jim Frazier (D-Oakley) seemed to sum up the trepidation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did it wrong 50 years ago,” he said. “Now we’re paying for it. Let’s do it right this time.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"State lawmakers and local officials want better answers before Oroville's disintegrated spillways are rebuilt.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928741,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":877},"headData":{"title":"Oroville Crisis Triggers Rethinking of California Dam Management | KQED","description":"State lawmakers and local officials want better answers before Oroville's disintegrated spillways are rebuilt.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Oroville Crisis Triggers Rethinking of California Dam Management","datePublished":"2017-05-17T01:47:29.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:19:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1632014/oroville-crisis-triggers-rethinking-of-california-dam-management","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Engineers at Oroville Dam are dialing back the volume of water tumbling down the dam’s crippled main spillway. They hope this will will be the “last spill” on the enormous concrete chute before work on replacing it can begin in earnest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But much like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/28/photo-gallery-whats-left-of-oroville-dams-shattered-spillway/\">the spillway itself\u003c/a>, faith in the ability of the agency managing the project is showing some cracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an institutional failure,” says Ron Stork of Friends of the River, at a recent legislative oversight hearing. “That dam has not been safe since it was constructed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">This is an institutional failure. That dam has not been safe since it was constructed.\u003ccite>Ron Stork of Friends of the River\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Stork is partly referring to the Dept. of Water Resources’ choice to build the dam’s emergency spillway with no concrete reinforcement. Massive erosion on the bare earthen slope is what triggered mass evacuations in February, when weeks of heavy precipitation pushed Oroville Lake over the rim of the spillway, threatening a potentially catastrophic flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Inspections Lacking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But maintenance of the dam since its completion in 1968 has also undermined faith in the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The inspections over the years have been cursory,” says State Senator Jim Nielsen (R-Tehama). “That’s very alarming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nielsen and fellow legislators from both the senate and assembly seem to have drawn little comfort so far from a series of oversight hearings at the Capitol.\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/05/WEBOrovilleUpdate2way170515.mp3\u003cbr>\n“It gets to be more disturbing, the more information that we get,” says Nielsen, who recalls asking how often core samples were taken at the dam site to check the integrity of the spillway structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I ask the question, ‘Have you been doing boring,’ and I get a boring look back, that scares the heck out of me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR has admitted that the vast majority of inspections were “visual,” and that maintenance recommended by inspectors wasn’t always performed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever has gone on before — obviously — in terms of the inspections, has not been sufficient, by any reckoning,” says Nielsen, who is looking into a reorganization of the agency that inspects state dams. The Division of Safey of Dams is currently nested within DWR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to DWR’s website:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The California Water Code entrusts this regulatory power to the Department of Water Resources which delegates the program to the Division of Safety of Dams.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Some lawmakers suggest that wresting control of that office from DWR might make give it more clout, though state resources chief John Laird has defended the current regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it is fair to say that California has what independent experts consider the strongest dam inspections program in the country,” he told legislators last week, “but it’s obviously clear that we can do better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Breaking Up is Hard To Do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, some have suggested that Oroville might be better managed in the hands of another entity entirely, though it’s unclear what that might be or how such a transition could occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s at least a question that we should have,” says Assemblyman James Gallagher (R-Yuba City), who was one of more than 180,000 ordered to evacuate along the Feather River in February. “Is this the best agency to be operating the dam up there?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other dams in California are operated by the federal Bureau of Reclamation, Army Corps of Engineers, and in some cases, local water authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No matter who operates it, there needs to be a change in the process up there,” says Gallagher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, this didn’t happen because of Mother Nature,” he adds. “It happened because of organizational issues and things that we did not do in design, construction, and in our maintenance and operations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR’s acting director Bill Croyle is promising a full “forensic” review of the February incident sometime this fall. An extremely preliminary \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/Memorandum_050517.pdf\">three-page report\u003c/a> issued last week by a team of consultants listed an array of possible contributing factors, ranging from thin or inconsistent concrete thickness on the main spillway, to weak, weathered rock on the emergency spillway (\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/07/how-incompetent-rock-led-to-the-oroville-dam-crisis/\">see our April 7 story\u003c/a> on the geological flaws and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">Dan Brekke’s April 18 story\u003c/a> on potential causes for the spillway collapse).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have all the answers,” Croyle told lawmakers. “We don’t know why it failed yet. We won’t know for a while.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, DWR is surging ahead with the reconstruction, racing to have a workable spillway in place before the rains return in November. Even while recognizing the urgency, some lawmakers are uneasy with a fast-track construction program before the final failure analysis is in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Jim Frazier (D-Oakley) seemed to sum up the trepidation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did it wrong 50 years ago,” he said. “Now we’re paying for it. Let’s do it right this time.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1632014/oroville-crisis-triggers-rethinking-of-california-dam-management","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_89","science_38","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_3273"],"featImg":"science_1642870","label":"science"},"science_1537071":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1537071","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1537071","score":null,"sort":[1491608798000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-incompetent-rock-led-to-the-oroville-dam-crisis","title":"How 'Incompetent Rock' Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis","publishDate":1491608798,"format":"image","headTitle":"How ‘Incompetent Rock’ Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>UPDATE: California’s Dept. of Water Resources is promising to complete by this fall a “forensic” study of February’s near-catastrophic collapse of two spillways at Oroville Dam in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR is embarking on a fast-track plan to replace the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/28/photo-gallery-whats-left-of-oroville-dams-shattered-spillway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shattered spillways at Oroville Dam\u003c/a> — at least partially — by November 1, when the rainy season is expected to resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers have largely completed geotechnical studies, hoping to better understand what led to the failures. And while DWR has declined to release those studies, citing national security concerns, an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">independent review\u003c/a> corroborates conclusions in this story that the underlying geology of the site was at least partly to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did not anchor the spillway in fresh rock,” says \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldridge_M._Moores\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eldridge Moores\u003c/a>, an eminent geologist and one of the world’s leading experts on the geology of the Sierra Nevada. (He’s the central figure in John McPhee’s 1993 book, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/07/05/specials/mcphee-california.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembling California\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fresh” is the term geologists use for rock that is fully intact and has not yet begun to break down. It is typically smooth and highly resistant to erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the radio story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2017/04/OrovilleGeologyWEBMiller170410.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But much of the rock those spillways relied upon is “weathered,” the more fractured rock that is decomposing from long exposure to the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fresh rock has been combined with the atmosphere,” explains Moores, and when that happens, you get this chemical change and you produce this softer sort of rock that’s falling apart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incompetent Rock\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers call that “incompetent rock.” And that, says Moores, is what Oroville’s main concrete spillway was built on and what the emergency spillway was made of. In February, as intense storms filled the reservoir, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/07/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam/\">both began disintegrating\u003c/a> under the force of billions of gallons of water cascading over them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/hoPb8GrhWSM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few miles from Oroville, Moores demonstrates by taking a rock hammer to two rocks that sit side-by-side at a spot along the Yuba River — one fresh, one in an advanced stage of weathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hear that?” he asks, as his hammer bounces off the smooth, bluish-gray fresh sample with a distinctive “tink.” Then he thumps the reddish-brown weathered rock with a series of dull thuds, which sounds less like stone than rotting wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That [fresh] rock is resistant to water pouring over it,” he notes. “This is not. It’s on its way to becoming dirt. if you dump your overflow into rocks like this, of course you’re going to erode them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1540250 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Desktop_R2_170405\" width=\"1449\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg 1449w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-960x540.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-375x211.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-520x292.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1449px) 100vw, 1449px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1540251\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Mobile_R2_170405\" width=\"721\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg 721w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-160x284.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-240x426.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-375x666.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-520x924.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Murky Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 1961 planning document for Oroville Dam says the site is “blessed with a geologic structure and foundation rock which are suitable for the foundation.” It also suggests excavating down 18 feet to clear away “soil and weathered rock” for the main body of the dam. So it’s clear that builders working for the state were aware of the “incompetent” rock that’s prevalent at the site, but it’s less clear that similar excavations were suggested, let alone required for the spillways, which sit off to the side of the main dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 474px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1540132\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features.\" width=\"474\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg 474w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-160x132.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-240x198.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-375x309.jpeg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features. \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though the dam was completed nearly 50 years ago, Moores says the rock at the site would have already been substantially decomposed, as the weathering process takes place over hundreds or thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was not any different when they built the dam,” he says.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was sheer good fortune that dam operators never had to use the earthen emergency spillway until this year. But in February, with the main concrete spillway already crippled, they couldn’t empty the dam fast enough to keep pace with winter storms. The lake level rose quickly and rushed over the concrete lip, or “weir” of the emergency spillway. The earthen slope below the weir quickly disintegrated with water tumbling over it at 12,500 cubic feet per second, though design documents from the 1960s show that it could have to handle flows of 20-to-30 times that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find that astounding that they would rate it like that,” says Moores. “It seems to me that even a student of geology could have told them that they were going to have an erosion problem here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite several requests, DWR did not provide an interview for this story. In a statement, it said only that the dam and spillway “met the design and construction standards of its time half a century ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1540133 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown to the left as the "1750' ungated overflow spillway."\" width=\"1280\" height=\"858\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-800x536.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-768x515.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1020x684.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1180x791.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-960x644.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-240x161.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-375x251.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-520x349.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown in the upper left as the “1750′ ungated overflow spillway.” \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knowing what he does about the geology of the Sierra, I asked Moores what it tells him about other dams around the state of similar design and siting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry,” he said. “That’s what it tells me about the rest of the dams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late February, Gov. Jerry Brown ordered new, detailed inspections of state dams with spillways similar to Oroville’s. Those must be completed before the next flood season and must include “geologic assessments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, acting DWR engineering chief Jeanne Kuttel told reporters that the new main spillway, when completed in two years, will be able to carry nearly twice the volume of water that the original concrete chute was ever called upon to do. She added that the new emergency spillway will be bolstered with retaining walls and channels made of erosion-resistant roller-compacted concrete — just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our intent is to not to have to use the emergency spillway ever again,” said Kuttel. “However, we know that Mother Nature throws a lot at us, so we’re gonna be ready.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Amidst the Sierra's jumbled geology, a leading expert says Oroville's spillways were not built on the most solid rock.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928881,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1046},"headData":{"title":"How 'Incompetent Rock' Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis | KQED","description":"Amidst the Sierra's jumbled geology, a leading expert says Oroville's spillways were not built on the most solid rock.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How 'Incompetent Rock' Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis","datePublished":"2017-04-07T23:46:38.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:21:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1537071/how-incompetent-rock-led-to-the-oroville-dam-crisis","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UPDATE: California’s Dept. of Water Resources is promising to complete by this fall a “forensic” study of February’s near-catastrophic collapse of two spillways at Oroville Dam in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR is embarking on a fast-track plan to replace the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/28/photo-gallery-whats-left-of-oroville-dams-shattered-spillway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shattered spillways at Oroville Dam\u003c/a> — at least partially — by November 1, when the rainy season is expected to resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers have largely completed geotechnical studies, hoping to better understand what led to the failures. And while DWR has declined to release those studies, citing national security concerns, an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">independent review\u003c/a> corroborates conclusions in this story that the underlying geology of the site was at least partly to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did not anchor the spillway in fresh rock,” says \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldridge_M._Moores\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eldridge Moores\u003c/a>, an eminent geologist and one of the world’s leading experts on the geology of the Sierra Nevada. (He’s the central figure in John McPhee’s 1993 book, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/07/05/specials/mcphee-california.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembling California\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fresh” is the term geologists use for rock that is fully intact and has not yet begun to break down. It is typically smooth and highly resistant to erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the radio story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2017/04/OrovilleGeologyWEBMiller170410.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>But much of the rock those spillways relied upon is “weathered,” the more fractured rock that is decomposing from long exposure to the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fresh rock has been combined with the atmosphere,” explains Moores, and when that happens, you get this chemical change and you produce this softer sort of rock that’s falling apart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incompetent Rock\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers call that “incompetent rock.” And that, says Moores, is what Oroville’s main concrete spillway was built on and what the emergency spillway was made of. In February, as intense storms filled the reservoir, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/07/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam/\">both began disintegrating\u003c/a> under the force of billions of gallons of water cascading over them.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/hoPb8GrhWSM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/hoPb8GrhWSM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>A few miles from Oroville, Moores demonstrates by taking a rock hammer to two rocks that sit side-by-side at a spot along the Yuba River — one fresh, one in an advanced stage of weathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hear that?” he asks, as his hammer bounces off the smooth, bluish-gray fresh sample with a distinctive “tink.” Then he thumps the reddish-brown weathered rock with a series of dull thuds, which sounds less like stone than rotting wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That [fresh] rock is resistant to water pouring over it,” he notes. “This is not. It’s on its way to becoming dirt. if you dump your overflow into rocks like this, of course you’re going to erode them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1540250 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Desktop_R2_170405\" width=\"1449\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg 1449w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-960x540.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-375x211.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-520x292.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1449px) 100vw, 1449px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1540251\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Mobile_R2_170405\" width=\"721\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg 721w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-160x284.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-240x426.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-375x666.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-520x924.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Murky Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 1961 planning document for Oroville Dam says the site is “blessed with a geologic structure and foundation rock which are suitable for the foundation.” It also suggests excavating down 18 feet to clear away “soil and weathered rock” for the main body of the dam. So it’s clear that builders working for the state were aware of the “incompetent” rock that’s prevalent at the site, but it’s less clear that similar excavations were suggested, let alone required for the spillways, which sit off to the side of the main dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 474px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1540132\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features.\" width=\"474\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg 474w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-160x132.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-240x198.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-375x309.jpeg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features. \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though the dam was completed nearly 50 years ago, Moores says the rock at the site would have already been substantially decomposed, as the weathering process takes place over hundreds or thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was not any different when they built the dam,” he says.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was sheer good fortune that dam operators never had to use the earthen emergency spillway until this year. But in February, with the main concrete spillway already crippled, they couldn’t empty the dam fast enough to keep pace with winter storms. The lake level rose quickly and rushed over the concrete lip, or “weir” of the emergency spillway. The earthen slope below the weir quickly disintegrated with water tumbling over it at 12,500 cubic feet per second, though design documents from the 1960s show that it could have to handle flows of 20-to-30 times that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find that astounding that they would rate it like that,” says Moores. “It seems to me that even a student of geology could have told them that they were going to have an erosion problem here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite several requests, DWR did not provide an interview for this story. In a statement, it said only that the dam and spillway “met the design and construction standards of its time half a century ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1540133 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown to the left as the "1750' ungated overflow spillway."\" width=\"1280\" height=\"858\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-800x536.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-768x515.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1020x684.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1180x791.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-960x644.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-240x161.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-375x251.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-520x349.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown in the upper left as the “1750′ ungated overflow spillway.” \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knowing what he does about the geology of the Sierra, I asked Moores what it tells him about other dams around the state of similar design and siting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry,” he said. “That’s what it tells me about the rest of the dams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late February, Gov. Jerry Brown ordered new, detailed inspections of state dams with spillways similar to Oroville’s. Those must be completed before the next flood season and must include “geologic assessments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, acting DWR engineering chief Jeanne Kuttel told reporters that the new main spillway, when completed in two years, will be able to carry nearly twice the volume of water that the original concrete chute was ever called upon to do. She added that the new emergency spillway will be bolstered with retaining walls and channels made of erosion-resistant roller-compacted concrete — just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our intent is to not to have to use the emergency spillway ever again,” said Kuttel. “However, we know that Mother Nature throws a lot at us, so we’re gonna be ready.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1537071/how-incompetent-rock-led-to-the-oroville-dam-crisis","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_46","science_89","science_38","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_3273"],"featImg":"science_1540136","label":"science"},"science_1478471":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1478471","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1478471","score":null,"sort":[1489674630000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"watch-what-happened-at-oroville-dam-and-what-could-still-go-wrong","title":"WATCH: What Happened at Oroville Dam, and What Could Still Go Wrong","publishDate":1489674630,"format":"image","headTitle":"WATCH: What Happened at Oroville Dam, and What Could Still Go Wrong | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>In the weeks and months to come, investigators will no-doubt probe many potential reasons for the near-catastrophic failures at Oroville Dam in February. Those will range from decisions made more than 50 years ago, to the truly extraordinary weather of 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the moment, the emergency at Oroville Dam has largely passed. The 180,000 people who were evacuated from their homes last month have returned, and construction crews continue to put millions of tons of rocks and concrete across a badly eroded hillside under the emergency spillway. In the coming months, crews will begin to fix the main concrete spillway, which developed a gaping hole on Feb. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, officials with the state Department of Water Resources aren’t out of the woods yet. If a series of warm storms pounds California this spring, that could send billions of gallons of water raging into Lake Oroville again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/nJ2R-bBh2xE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cem>(Graphics by Teodros Hailye/KQED) \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra snowpack is at nearly double its historic average in some places, and will begin melting as the weather warms. Though officials are aiming to keep the lake level at roughly 50 feet below the lip of the emergency spillway, it has been rising again as unseasonably warm temperatures accelerate spring runoff from the upper Feather River watershed. Hydrologists warn that flows from the coming runoff season could yet again test Oroville’s patched-up infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another risk: As officials release water down the main broken spillway, the concrete could erode up toward the lake. If officials have to shut the gates of the emergency spillway, the lake could rise again quickly, increasing the risk of water going over the emergency spillway onto the vulnerable hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews have been clearing debris out of the channel below Oroville Dam to reopen Hyatt Power Plant. Once it’s running, the plant pulls up to 15,000 cubic feet per second out of the reservoir to make power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Water Resources expects to resume use of the main spillway this week, but at half the volume compared to when operators were frantically trying to lower the lake to below the emergency overflow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Anatomy of a Near-Disaster\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oroville drama began quietly enough, as prolonged winter storms — especially in January — began rapidly filling Lake Oroville, the reservoir behind the dam. California’s \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/resapp/getResGraphsMain.action\">second-largest\u003c/a> man-made reservoir behind Shasta Lake, Oroville is designed to hold more than 3.5 million acre-feet of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1478690\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1478690 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332.jpg\" alt=\"A Cal Fire crew watches as water roars down Oroville's main spillway at 100,000 cubic-ft. per second.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Cal Fire crew watches as water roars down Oroville’s main spillway. The force of it broke through the concrete and carved out a second, circular channel into the diversion pool below. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After record runoff caused the lake level to rise 70 feet in January, operators opened the dam’s main spillway to release water and create space in the lake for expected runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the main spillway showed signs of disintegration, engineers dialed back releases to take pressure off the crippled structure. That caused the lake to rise even faster, eventually forcing water to tumble over the dam’s secondary, emergency spillway (also known as the auxiliary spillway) for the first time since the dam was completed in 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost immediately, erosion began to eat away the emergency spillway, all but the upper lip of which is bare earth. Whole trees began washing into the diversion channel below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1478689\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 485px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1478689\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/OrovilleAuxSpill.png\" alt=\"Oroville's emergency spillway as the lake level topped it in February.\" width=\"485\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/OrovilleAuxSpill.png 485w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/OrovilleAuxSpill-160x118.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/OrovilleAuxSpill-240x177.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/OrovilleAuxSpill-375x277.png 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 485px) 100vw, 485px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oroville’s emergency spillway as the lake level topped it in February. Critical erosion of the slope below had not yet begun. \u003ccite>(Calif. Dept. of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The hillside began eroding uphill, threatening to undercut the concrete lip of the emergency spillway, and on Sunday evening, February 12, Butte County Sheriff Kory Honae issued an evacuation order that sent tens of thousands of people in Oroville and other downstream communities scrambling for higher ground. (The evacuation order covered nearly 200,000 residents, but how many actually relocated is unknown.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an attempt to lower the lake level, engineers were forced to resume massive flows down the main spillway, knowing that the 100,000 cubic-feet-per-second cascade would likely tear apart what remained of the enormous concrete chute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly they had no choice. Officials say the main body of the dam was never threatened, but had the lip of the auxiliary spillway collapsed, essentially the top 30 feet of the lake would have emptied, sending a wall of water down the Feather River valley, and likely causing the worst U.S. dam disaster since \u003ca href=\"http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/sylvester/Teton_Dam/narrative.html\">Idaho’s Teton Dam\u003c/a> collapsed in 1976. Cities such as Marysville and Yuba City would have been devastated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A long summer lies ahead, with hundreds of millions of dollars in repairs to do before the rainy season starts again next October.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Cities and towns downstream of Lake Oroville aren't out of danger yet. It all depends on weather, snowmelt, and a lot more work.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928968,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":810},"headData":{"title":"WATCH: What Happened at Oroville Dam, and What Could Still Go Wrong | KQED","description":"Cities and towns downstream of Lake Oroville aren't out of danger yet. It all depends on weather, snowmelt, and a lot more work.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"WATCH: What Happened at Oroville Dam, and What Could Still Go Wrong","datePublished":"2017-03-16T14:30:30.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:22:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1478471/watch-what-happened-at-oroville-dam-and-what-could-still-go-wrong","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the weeks and months to come, investigators will no-doubt probe many potential reasons for the near-catastrophic failures at Oroville Dam in February. Those will range from decisions made more than 50 years ago, to the truly extraordinary weather of 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the moment, the emergency at Oroville Dam has largely passed. The 180,000 people who were evacuated from their homes last month have returned, and construction crews continue to put millions of tons of rocks and concrete across a badly eroded hillside under the emergency spillway. In the coming months, crews will begin to fix the main concrete spillway, which developed a gaping hole on Feb. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, officials with the state Department of Water Resources aren’t out of the woods yet. If a series of warm storms pounds California this spring, that could send billions of gallons of water raging into Lake Oroville again.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/nJ2R-bBh2xE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/nJ2R-bBh2xE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cem>(Graphics by Teodros Hailye/KQED) \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra snowpack is at nearly double its historic average in some places, and will begin melting as the weather warms. Though officials are aiming to keep the lake level at roughly 50 feet below the lip of the emergency spillway, it has been rising again as unseasonably warm temperatures accelerate spring runoff from the upper Feather River watershed. Hydrologists warn that flows from the coming runoff season could yet again test Oroville’s patched-up infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another risk: As officials release water down the main broken spillway, the concrete could erode up toward the lake. If officials have to shut the gates of the emergency spillway, the lake could rise again quickly, increasing the risk of water going over the emergency spillway onto the vulnerable hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews have been clearing debris out of the channel below Oroville Dam to reopen Hyatt Power Plant. Once it’s running, the plant pulls up to 15,000 cubic feet per second out of the reservoir to make power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Water Resources expects to resume use of the main spillway this week, but at half the volume compared to when operators were frantically trying to lower the lake to below the emergency overflow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Anatomy of a Near-Disaster\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oroville drama began quietly enough, as prolonged winter storms — especially in January — began rapidly filling Lake Oroville, the reservoir behind the dam. California’s \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/resapp/getResGraphsMain.action\">second-largest\u003c/a> man-made reservoir behind Shasta Lake, Oroville is designed to hold more than 3.5 million acre-feet of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1478690\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1478690 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332.jpg\" alt=\"A Cal Fire crew watches as water roars down Oroville's main spillway at 100,000 cubic-ft. per second.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/P2110332-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Cal Fire crew watches as water roars down Oroville’s main spillway. The force of it broke through the concrete and carved out a second, circular channel into the diversion pool below. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After record runoff caused the lake level to rise 70 feet in January, operators opened the dam’s main spillway to release water and create space in the lake for expected runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the main spillway showed signs of disintegration, engineers dialed back releases to take pressure off the crippled structure. That caused the lake to rise even faster, eventually forcing water to tumble over the dam’s secondary, emergency spillway (also known as the auxiliary spillway) for the first time since the dam was completed in 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost immediately, erosion began to eat away the emergency spillway, all but the upper lip of which is bare earth. Whole trees began washing into the diversion channel below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1478689\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 485px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1478689\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/OrovilleAuxSpill.png\" alt=\"Oroville's emergency spillway as the lake level topped it in February.\" width=\"485\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/OrovilleAuxSpill.png 485w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/OrovilleAuxSpill-160x118.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/OrovilleAuxSpill-240x177.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/OrovilleAuxSpill-375x277.png 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 485px) 100vw, 485px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oroville’s emergency spillway as the lake level topped it in February. Critical erosion of the slope below had not yet begun. \u003ccite>(Calif. Dept. of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The hillside began eroding uphill, threatening to undercut the concrete lip of the emergency spillway, and on Sunday evening, February 12, Butte County Sheriff Kory Honae issued an evacuation order that sent tens of thousands of people in Oroville and other downstream communities scrambling for higher ground. (The evacuation order covered nearly 200,000 residents, but how many actually relocated is unknown.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an attempt to lower the lake level, engineers were forced to resume massive flows down the main spillway, knowing that the 100,000 cubic-feet-per-second cascade would likely tear apart what remained of the enormous concrete chute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly they had no choice. Officials say the main body of the dam was never threatened, but had the lip of the auxiliary spillway collapsed, essentially the top 30 feet of the lake would have emptied, sending a wall of water down the Feather River valley, and likely causing the worst U.S. dam disaster since \u003ca href=\"http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/sylvester/Teton_Dam/narrative.html\">Idaho’s Teton Dam\u003c/a> collapsed in 1976. Cities such as Marysville and Yuba City would have been devastated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A long summer lies ahead, with hundreds of millions of dollars in repairs to do before the rainy season starts again next October.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1478471/watch-what-happened-at-oroville-dam-and-what-could-still-go-wrong","authors":["6387"],"categories":["science_31","science_89","science_38","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_1548","science_3273"],"featImg":"science_1481293","label":"science"},"science_1428938":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1428938","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1428938","score":null,"sort":[1487987136000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"on-the-front-lines-at-oroville-dam-little-sleep-lots-of-ot","title":"On the Front Lines at Oroville Dam: Little Sleep, Lots of OT","publishDate":1487987136,"format":"audio","headTitle":"On the Front Lines at Oroville Dam: Little Sleep, Lots of OT | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>When the first \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/14/photos-oroville-spillway-problems-evacuees-and-flooding/\">alarms went out\u003c/a> earlier this month that Oroville Dam’s emergency spillway might collapse, a “small city” sprang up almost overnight on the hillsides flanking the imperiled dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wartime metaphors also came to mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is on the scale of a battlefield,” said Eric See, a public information officer with the state’s Department of Water Resources, who says he’s never seen anything like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See gave Cal Fire, the state agency more accustomed to tackling wildfires, much of the credit for the rapid mobilization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They came in and set up overnight,” says See, with everything from food trucks and generators, to telephone connections, to portable showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1431363\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1431363\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328.jpg\" alt=\"A cacophony of heavy equipment and helicopters continues around the clock above Oroville Dam, just steps from surrounding homes.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A cacophony of heavy equipment and helicopters continues around the clock above Oroville Dam, just steps from surrounding homes. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of this is supporting nearly 500 people on scene, including a hundred construction workers, give or take, who’ve been doing the grunt work 24-7 to make the critical repairs to the crippled spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a hillside staging area above the south end of Oroville dam, huge yellow dump trucks full of rocks rumble in with their loads, one right behind another, while in the air above, Blackhawk helicopters swoop in, lifting 4,000-pound bags of stone and gravel like raptors grabbing mice from a field. So rapid is the cycle of ferrying fill material across the dam to the spillway, that two helicopters often arrive for new loads within a minute of each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The helicopters are some of the same ones that spend summers dropping buckets of water on wildfires. The work is pretty similar, according to Evan Welsch, a mechanic with Red Bluff-based P.J. Helicopters, except now instead of water buckets, they’re hauling bags of gravel and sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1431615\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1431615\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Blackhawk helicopters buzzed back and forth across the dam, carrying 4,000-pound sacks of rock and gravel.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1377\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-800x574.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-768x551.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-1020x732.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-1180x846.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-960x689.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-375x269.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-520x373.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blackhawk helicopters buzzed back and forth across the dam, carrying 4,000-pound sacks of rock and gravel. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The choppers have been placing those “super-sacks.” as they’re called, into huge gashes carved out when Oroville’s lake waters topped the emergency spillway two weeks ago, and tore down the earthen slope into the Feather River below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the bags have big rocks, some of ‘em have sand, some have gravel,” says Mike Starcher, whose quarry, Sierra Silica, has been supplying much of the material. “It just depends on where the geologists want to layer ‘em in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like See, Starcher, whose company has been part-owner of Sierra Silica for 15 years, also says he’s never seen anything like this deployment — 2000 bags and counting, just from his operation. And each one had to be filled and transported by workers who knew they could be risking their lives by remaining at quarries just down river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some tough folks in this town,” says Starcher. He shrugs off the scant amount of sleep he’s had, saying “there are guys out here who have gone 30 hours on end without any.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1431609\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1431609 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited.jpeg\" alt=\"When most people evacuated Oroville, Reggie Gaston stayed behind in the flood zone to work on repairing the spillway.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-1180x885.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-960x720.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-520x390.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When most people evacuated Oroville, Reggie Gaston stayed behind in the flood zone to work on repairing the spillway. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of them is Reggie Gaston, who was zipping around on a forklift, lining up sacks where choppers could snatch them up. When Gaston’s wife and four kids were evacuated to high ground, he stayed behind, knowing the work he was doing could save his town from catastrophe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, they were pretty worried,” he admits. “They wanted me to come home and I said, ‘I can’t.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gaston says there was no pressure to stay on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bosses were concerned,” he recalls. “They said family comes first, but if you feel like they’re safe, we can use some help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1431360\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1431360\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321.jpg\" alt=\"At one point, contractors were dumping 40 truckloads per hour into the eroded emergency spillway.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1504\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-768x578.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-1020x767.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-1920x1444.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-1180x887.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-960x722.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-375x282.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-520x391.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At one point, contractors were dumping 40 truckloads per hour into the eroded emergency spillway. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the peak of the frenzy last week, crews were pouring fill material into the ravaged spillway at the rate of 40 truckloads an hour. Though 100,000 cubic yards of rock, sand and gravel had gone into shoring up the spillway by Tuesday evening of this week (picture 100,000 pickup trucks lined up), it’s a job that is still far from finished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we’re fighting the winter, fighting the rain, fighting the water,” says Gaston. “Hopefully by summertime or spring the rain has died down enough and dam has dropped down enough where they can actually fix the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Starcher, he had to miss spending Valentines Day with his two girls, Claire and Catherine, whom he calls “Beeps.” So he took a can of red spray paint to two of the giant white bags of gravel and made them a valentine selfie; big red heart on one, their names on the other. His valentine will become part of the new, reinforced spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaston, who’s spent most of his 30 years as an Oroville resident, never thought the nearly 800-foot-high dam looming above them would end up menacing his family and neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not really,” he admits. “But I have to say it is a man-made item. Man-made items do fall—and they do fail.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In what might be an unprecedented response to a civil engineering crisis in California, a lot of the heroes were wearing hardhats.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929044,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":924},"headData":{"title":"On the Front Lines at Oroville Dam: Little Sleep, Lots of OT | KQED","description":"In what might be an unprecedented response to a civil engineering crisis in California, a lot of the heroes were wearing hardhats.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"On the Front Lines at Oroville Dam: Little Sleep, Lots of OT","datePublished":"2017-02-25T01:45:36.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:24:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/02/2017-02-24d-tcrmag.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1428938/on-the-front-lines-at-oroville-dam-little-sleep-lots-of-ot","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the first \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/14/photos-oroville-spillway-problems-evacuees-and-flooding/\">alarms went out\u003c/a> earlier this month that Oroville Dam’s emergency spillway might collapse, a “small city” sprang up almost overnight on the hillsides flanking the imperiled dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wartime metaphors also came to mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is on the scale of a battlefield,” said Eric See, a public information officer with the state’s Department of Water Resources, who says he’s never seen anything like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See gave Cal Fire, the state agency more accustomed to tackling wildfires, much of the credit for the rapid mobilization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They came in and set up overnight,” says See, with everything from food trucks and generators, to telephone connections, to portable showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1431363\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1431363\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328.jpg\" alt=\"A cacophony of heavy equipment and helicopters continues around the clock above Oroville Dam, just steps from surrounding homes.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6328-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A cacophony of heavy equipment and helicopters continues around the clock above Oroville Dam, just steps from surrounding homes. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of this is supporting nearly 500 people on scene, including a hundred construction workers, give or take, who’ve been doing the grunt work 24-7 to make the critical repairs to the crippled spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a hillside staging area above the south end of Oroville dam, huge yellow dump trucks full of rocks rumble in with their loads, one right behind another, while in the air above, Blackhawk helicopters swoop in, lifting 4,000-pound bags of stone and gravel like raptors grabbing mice from a field. So rapid is the cycle of ferrying fill material across the dam to the spillway, that two helicopters often arrive for new loads within a minute of each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The helicopters are some of the same ones that spend summers dropping buckets of water on wildfires. The work is pretty similar, according to Evan Welsch, a mechanic with Red Bluff-based P.J. Helicopters, except now instead of water buckets, they’re hauling bags of gravel and sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1431615\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1431615\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Blackhawk helicopters buzzed back and forth across the dam, carrying 4,000-pound sacks of rock and gravel.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1377\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-800x574.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-768x551.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-1020x732.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-1180x846.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-960x689.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-375x269.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/RS24382_orovillestaging-qut-520x373.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blackhawk helicopters buzzed back and forth across the dam, carrying 4,000-pound sacks of rock and gravel. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The choppers have been placing those “super-sacks.” as they’re called, into huge gashes carved out when Oroville’s lake waters topped the emergency spillway two weeks ago, and tore down the earthen slope into the Feather River below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the bags have big rocks, some of ‘em have sand, some have gravel,” says Mike Starcher, whose quarry, Sierra Silica, has been supplying much of the material. “It just depends on where the geologists want to layer ‘em in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like See, Starcher, whose company has been part-owner of Sierra Silica for 15 years, also says he’s never seen anything like this deployment — 2000 bags and counting, just from his operation. And each one had to be filled and transported by workers who knew they could be risking their lives by remaining at quarries just down river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some tough folks in this town,” says Starcher. He shrugs off the scant amount of sleep he’s had, saying “there are guys out here who have gone 30 hours on end without any.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1431609\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1431609 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited.jpeg\" alt=\"When most people evacuated Oroville, Reggie Gaston stayed behind in the flood zone to work on repairing the spillway.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-1180x885.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-960x720.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6670-edited-520x390.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When most people evacuated Oroville, Reggie Gaston stayed behind in the flood zone to work on repairing the spillway. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of them is Reggie Gaston, who was zipping around on a forklift, lining up sacks where choppers could snatch them up. When Gaston’s wife and four kids were evacuated to high ground, he stayed behind, knowing the work he was doing could save his town from catastrophe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, they were pretty worried,” he admits. “They wanted me to come home and I said, ‘I can’t.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gaston says there was no pressure to stay on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bosses were concerned,” he recalls. “They said family comes first, but if you feel like they’re safe, we can use some help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1431360\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1431360\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321.jpg\" alt=\"At one point, contractors were dumping 40 truckloads per hour into the eroded emergency spillway.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1504\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-768x578.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-1020x767.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-1920x1444.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-1180x887.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-960x722.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-375x282.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/IMG_6321-520x391.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At one point, contractors were dumping 40 truckloads per hour into the eroded emergency spillway. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the peak of the frenzy last week, crews were pouring fill material into the ravaged spillway at the rate of 40 truckloads an hour. Though 100,000 cubic yards of rock, sand and gravel had gone into shoring up the spillway by Tuesday evening of this week (picture 100,000 pickup trucks lined up), it’s a job that is still far from finished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we’re fighting the winter, fighting the rain, fighting the water,” says Gaston. “Hopefully by summertime or spring the rain has died down enough and dam has dropped down enough where they can actually fix the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Starcher, he had to miss spending Valentines Day with his two girls, Claire and Catherine, whom he calls “Beeps.” So he took a can of red spray paint to two of the giant white bags of gravel and made them a valentine selfie; big red heart on one, their names on the other. His valentine will become part of the new, reinforced spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaston, who’s spent most of his 30 years as an Oroville resident, never thought the nearly 800-foot-high dam looming above them would end up menacing his family and neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not really,” he admits. “But I have to say it is a man-made item. Man-made items do fall—and they do fail.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1428938/on-the-front-lines-at-oroville-dam-little-sleep-lots-of-ot","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_89","science_40","science_43","science_98"],"tags":["science_3273"],"featImg":"science_1431501","label":"science"},"science_1408085":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1408085","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1408085","score":null,"sort":[1487211854000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"map-see-how-oroville-dam-crisis-unfolded","title":"Map: See How Oroville Dam Crisis Unfolded","publishDate":1487211854,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Map: See How Oroville Dam Crisis Unfolded | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Water officials say the storms arriving in Oroville Thursday and over the weekend are expected to be relatively small and unlikely to pose a threat to repairs at the spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the high rate of release we have now, we shouldn’t see the lake level rise,” said Bill Croyle, acting director of the state department of water resources. “We’ll be moving more water out than we’re seeing coming in in the next day or so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, said Butte County Sheriff Kory Honea, people should be ready to evacuate again, by having things they need at hand and making a plan for where they can go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1408201\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-800x645.jpg\" alt=\"KQED_Oroville_Desktop\" width=\"800\" height=\"645\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-800x645.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-160x129.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-768x619.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-1020x822.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-1180x951.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-960x774.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-240x193.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-375x302.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-520x419.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop.jpg 1334w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1408199\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile.jpg\" alt=\"KQED_Oroville_Mobile\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile-520x926.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is still an emergency situation; they need to maintain vigilance,” he said. “And we want them to go to our website and sign up for our \u003ca href=\"https://buttecounty.onthealert.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mass notification system\u003c/a> so we can push information out to them as needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Honea issued an evacuation order for 188,000 people on Sunday, when erosion under the emergency spillway threatened to cause it to collapse. Helicopter and truck crews continue to pour 1,200 tons of rock and other material every hour into that eroded area of the emergency spillway. Croyle said the material is shoring up the area so that it’s less likely to erode in the future, even if the lake does fill and water cascades down from the emergency spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”kBUfSAKZrJ7BkCFZTcAsoNTcWn3F8BNG”]”As we continue to armor and pretty much glue it together, so to speak,” he said, “that will help us if we had to use that facility again, that we could use it and minimize that threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 5 p.m. Wednesday, the water level at Lake Oroville had fallen to 875.26 feet above sea level – 26 feet below the emergency spillway’s top. Dam operators continued to release 100,000 cubic feet per second down the damaged main concrete spillway in a tense race to create as much space as possible in the massive, 10-mile-long reservoir before the next storm arrives tomorrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The math was working in their favor. Only 20,268 cubic feet per second was flowing into the lake, roughly one-fifth of the amount flowing out. By late Wednesday the lake was dropping about 1 foot every two hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Croyle said his agency’s goal is still to drop the lake’s level by 50 feet as a way to take pressure off the emergency spillway, which is heavily eroded, and to reduce the chances that water will flow over it again. He said even with the incoming storms, he expects inflow to be roughly 45,000 cubic feet per second, still well below the flow out of the main concrete spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simply put, the job was half finished Wednesday afternoon, with 25 feet left to go. But water officials said they don’t expect the three storm systems forecast to continue over the weekend and into next week would send lake levels rising again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Croyle said, don’t be surprised if officials decide to ease up on how much water they’re letting out the concrete spillway. While that main spillway has been stable for a number of days now, it does have a massive hole in the concrete base. Said Croyle, they want “to ensure the structure doesn’t get torn up any more” than it is already.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Authorities say they don't expect coming storms to pose a threat to the Oroville spillway, but they caution people to be prepared.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929077,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":605},"headData":{"title":"Map: See How Oroville Dam Crisis Unfolded | KQED","description":"Authorities say they don't expect coming storms to pose a threat to the Oroville spillway, but they caution people to be prepared.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Map: See How Oroville Dam Crisis Unfolded","datePublished":"2017-02-16T02:24:14.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:24:37.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1408085/map-see-how-oroville-dam-crisis-unfolded","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Water officials say the storms arriving in Oroville Thursday and over the weekend are expected to be relatively small and unlikely to pose a threat to repairs at the spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the high rate of release we have now, we shouldn’t see the lake level rise,” said Bill Croyle, acting director of the state department of water resources. “We’ll be moving more water out than we’re seeing coming in in the next day or so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, said Butte County Sheriff Kory Honea, people should be ready to evacuate again, by having things they need at hand and making a plan for where they can go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1408201\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-800x645.jpg\" alt=\"KQED_Oroville_Desktop\" width=\"800\" height=\"645\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-800x645.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-160x129.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-768x619.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-1020x822.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-1180x951.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-960x774.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-240x193.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-375x302.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop-520x419.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Desktop.jpg 1334w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1408199\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile.jpg\" alt=\"KQED_Oroville_Mobile\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/KQED_Oroville_Mobile-520x926.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is still an emergency situation; they need to maintain vigilance,” he said. “And we want them to go to our website and sign up for our \u003ca href=\"https://buttecounty.onthealert.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mass notification system\u003c/a> so we can push information out to them as needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Honea issued an evacuation order for 188,000 people on Sunday, when erosion under the emergency spillway threatened to cause it to collapse. Helicopter and truck crews continue to pour 1,200 tons of rock and other material every hour into that eroded area of the emergency spillway. Croyle said the material is shoring up the area so that it’s less likely to erode in the future, even if the lake does fill and water cascades down from the emergency spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”As we continue to armor and pretty much glue it together, so to speak,” he said, “that will help us if we had to use that facility again, that we could use it and minimize that threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 5 p.m. Wednesday, the water level at Lake Oroville had fallen to 875.26 feet above sea level – 26 feet below the emergency spillway’s top. Dam operators continued to release 100,000 cubic feet per second down the damaged main concrete spillway in a tense race to create as much space as possible in the massive, 10-mile-long reservoir before the next storm arrives tomorrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The math was working in their favor. Only 20,268 cubic feet per second was flowing into the lake, roughly one-fifth of the amount flowing out. By late Wednesday the lake was dropping about 1 foot every two hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Croyle said his agency’s goal is still to drop the lake’s level by 50 feet as a way to take pressure off the emergency spillway, which is heavily eroded, and to reduce the chances that water will flow over it again. He said even with the incoming storms, he expects inflow to be roughly 45,000 cubic feet per second, still well below the flow out of the main concrete spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simply put, the job was half finished Wednesday afternoon, with 25 feet left to go. But water officials said they don’t expect the three storm systems forecast to continue over the weekend and into next week would send lake levels rising again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Croyle said, don’t be surprised if officials decide to ease up on how much water they’re letting out the concrete spillway. While that main spillway has been stable for a number of days now, it does have a massive hole in the concrete base. Said Croyle, they want “to ensure the structure doesn’t get torn up any more” than it is already.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1408085/map-see-how-oroville-dam-crisis-unfolded","authors":["235"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_89","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_192","science_2773","science_3273","science_309","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1408201","label":"science_1151"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago.\r\n\r\n[http_redir]","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Drought Watch Archives | KQED Science","description":"What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's The Lowdown) [iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"] We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the background and rounding up all the stories we’ve produced. Relief at Last In early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago. 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