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"title": "In June, San Francisco Will Vote on a $535M Earthquake Bond. Here’s What’s in It",
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"content": "\u003cp>Experts have long agreed that San Francisco is due for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12080455/san-franciscos-skyline-shines-but-earthquake-risk-remains-120-years-after-1906\">big earthquake\u003c/a> at any moment on any day. But the city isn’t quite ready for a massive shaking, like the 1989 Loma Prieta or the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983182/stunning-archival-photos-of-the-1906-earthquake-and-fire\">1906 earthquake\u003c/a> that leveled much of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City leaders have asked residents to approve a \u003ca href=\"https://sfpublicworks.org/eser-2026\">$535 million \u003c/a>earthquake bond in June, which would fund major seismic upgrades to public infrastructure. The goal is to improve the city’s capacity to respond quickly after a major earthquake and to aid in the aftermath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal seismologists said back in 2014 that there’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-probability-earthquake-will-occur-los-angeles-area-san-francisco-bay-area#:~:text=San%20Francisco%20Bay%20area%3A,an%20earthquake%20measuring%20magnitude%207.5\">nearly a three-in-four chance\u003c/a> of a 6.7-magnitude quake by 2044, and we’re already more than a decade into that timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By passing this bond, we are taking steps to keep San Francisco safe by giving our neighborhoods the tools they need to withstand emergency events and ensuring our city is ready to respond quickly when disaster strikes,” Mayor Daniel Lurie said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sf.gov/news-mayor-lurie-and-president-mandelman-announce-2026-earthquake-safety-and-emergency-response-bond-to-modernize-infrastructure-and-support-public-safety\">press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire Bay Area rests on multiple faultlines — including the San Andreas and the Hayward faults. Earthquake impacts could “cascade across shared infrastructure, housing, and lifelines” throughout San Francisco, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.spur.org/publications/policy-brief/2026-04-09/120-years-after-1906\">recent report\u003c/a> from the nonprofit think tank SPUR. The report concludes that large portions of the city are potentially ill-prepared for a major earthquake. Namely, some 3,700 concrete buildings that could potentially pancake in a tremor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2000800\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2000800\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/04/260115-SOTC-30-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/04/260115-SOTC-30-BL_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/04/260115-SOTC-30-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/04/260115-SOTC-30-BL_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/04/260115-SOTC-30-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mayor Daniel Lurie speaks to the press after giving a State of the City address at Rossi Park Ball Field in the Richmond neighborhood of San Francisco on Jan. 15, 2026. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brian Strong, the city’s chief resilience officer, said San Francisco spent more than $20 billion on seismic upgrades over the past several decades, but more needs to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve touched every neighborhood in the city, and we still have a lot of work to do, which is why another bond is coming up,” Strong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters approved similar bonds in 2010, 2014, and 2020 as part of a so-called phased approach in shoring up the city’s seismic risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Ellen Carroll, executive director of the San Francisco Department of Emergency Management, said the bond would pay for “big ticket items” that need updating. That includes making the city’s 911 call center “secure from a seismic perspective, so we’re functioning after an emergency,” Carroll said.[aside postID=news_12080455 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/04/260415-SPUREARTHQUAKE-06-BL-KQED.jpg']The bond will focus on five areas: renovating the city’s aging emergency firefighting water system, potentially repairing five unsafe fire stations, updating police stations and support facilities and updating public safety buildings\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At $200 million, the largest pot of funds would go to retrofitting and replacing Muni’s more-than-a-century-old Potrero Bus Yard with a seismically safe facility. Some \u003ca href=\"https://westsideobserver.com/26/4-prop-a-eser-bond-slush-fund-no-vote-george-wooding.php\">criticized\u003c/a> the move as a transportation spending item. But city officials said Potrero Yard is important for “enabling evacuation services following an earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Potrero Yard is at serious risk in a major earthquake,” said Julie Kirschbaum, San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency director of transportation, in a release. “We have to protect our buses and, more importantly, the lives of the staff who maintain and operate them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second-highest dollar amount is $130 million to expand the city’s emergency firefighting water system “into underserved areas on the west side,” which, city officials said, “lack adequate firefighting water infrastructure.” The updates could include extending high-pressure water pipelines, adding fire hydrants, and other infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people have \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfexaminer.com/forum/expand-the-city-s-emergency-water-system-before-its-too-late/article_19b70ccb-99e6-4dac-928d-297996a80939.html\">suggested\u003c/a> that relying on the Pacific Ocean’s copious water would be a better use of the funds. The plan would also update infrastructure at Fort Mason to pump water from the bay during an event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many west side facilities, including fire stations, the Taraval Police Station, and our emergency water system, are older and more vulnerable in a major quake,” District 4 Supervisor Alan Wong said in a release. “This bond is an important step toward making sure the Sunset is not an afterthought and that our communities have the infrastructure they need to stay safe and recover.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Experts have long agreed that San Francisco is due for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12080455/san-franciscos-skyline-shines-but-earthquake-risk-remains-120-years-after-1906\">big earthquake\u003c/a> at any moment on any day. But the city isn’t quite ready for a massive shaking, like the 1989 Loma Prieta or the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983182/stunning-archival-photos-of-the-1906-earthquake-and-fire\">1906 earthquake\u003c/a> that leveled much of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City leaders have asked residents to approve a \u003ca href=\"https://sfpublicworks.org/eser-2026\">$535 million \u003c/a>earthquake bond in June, which would fund major seismic upgrades to public infrastructure. The goal is to improve the city’s capacity to respond quickly after a major earthquake and to aid in the aftermath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal seismologists said back in 2014 that there’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-probability-earthquake-will-occur-los-angeles-area-san-francisco-bay-area#:~:text=San%20Francisco%20Bay%20area%3A,an%20earthquake%20measuring%20magnitude%207.5\">nearly a three-in-four chance\u003c/a> of a 6.7-magnitude quake by 2044, and we’re already more than a decade into that timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By passing this bond, we are taking steps to keep San Francisco safe by giving our neighborhoods the tools they need to withstand emergency events and ensuring our city is ready to respond quickly when disaster strikes,” Mayor Daniel Lurie said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sf.gov/news-mayor-lurie-and-president-mandelman-announce-2026-earthquake-safety-and-emergency-response-bond-to-modernize-infrastructure-and-support-public-safety\">press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire Bay Area rests on multiple faultlines — including the San Andreas and the Hayward faults. Earthquake impacts could “cascade across shared infrastructure, housing, and lifelines” throughout San Francisco, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.spur.org/publications/policy-brief/2026-04-09/120-years-after-1906\">recent report\u003c/a> from the nonprofit think tank SPUR. The report concludes that large portions of the city are potentially ill-prepared for a major earthquake. Namely, some 3,700 concrete buildings that could potentially pancake in a tremor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2000800\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2000800\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/04/260115-SOTC-30-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/04/260115-SOTC-30-BL_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/04/260115-SOTC-30-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/04/260115-SOTC-30-BL_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2026/04/260115-SOTC-30-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mayor Daniel Lurie speaks to the press after giving a State of the City address at Rossi Park Ball Field in the Richmond neighborhood of San Francisco on Jan. 15, 2026. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brian Strong, the city’s chief resilience officer, said San Francisco spent more than $20 billion on seismic upgrades over the past several decades, but more needs to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve touched every neighborhood in the city, and we still have a lot of work to do, which is why another bond is coming up,” Strong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters approved similar bonds in 2010, 2014, and 2020 as part of a so-called phased approach in shoring up the city’s seismic risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Ellen Carroll, executive director of the San Francisco Department of Emergency Management, said the bond would pay for “big ticket items” that need updating. That includes making the city’s 911 call center “secure from a seismic perspective, so we’re functioning after an emergency,” Carroll said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The bond will focus on five areas: renovating the city’s aging emergency firefighting water system, potentially repairing five unsafe fire stations, updating police stations and support facilities and updating public safety buildings\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At $200 million, the largest pot of funds would go to retrofitting and replacing Muni’s more-than-a-century-old Potrero Bus Yard with a seismically safe facility. Some \u003ca href=\"https://westsideobserver.com/26/4-prop-a-eser-bond-slush-fund-no-vote-george-wooding.php\">criticized\u003c/a> the move as a transportation spending item. But city officials said Potrero Yard is important for “enabling evacuation services following an earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Potrero Yard is at serious risk in a major earthquake,” said Julie Kirschbaum, San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency director of transportation, in a release. “We have to protect our buses and, more importantly, the lives of the staff who maintain and operate them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second-highest dollar amount is $130 million to expand the city’s emergency firefighting water system “into underserved areas on the west side,” which, city officials said, “lack adequate firefighting water infrastructure.” The updates could include extending high-pressure water pipelines, adding fire hydrants, and other infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people have \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfexaminer.com/forum/expand-the-city-s-emergency-water-system-before-its-too-late/article_19b70ccb-99e6-4dac-928d-297996a80939.html\">suggested\u003c/a> that relying on the Pacific Ocean’s copious water would be a better use of the funds. The plan would also update infrastructure at Fort Mason to pump water from the bay during an event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many west side facilities, including fire stations, the Taraval Police Station, and our emergency water system, are older and more vulnerable in a major quake,” District 4 Supervisor Alan Wong said in a release. “This bond is an important step toward making sure the Sunset is not an afterthought and that our communities have the infrastructure they need to stay safe and recover.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Thousands of This Type of Building Still at Risk of Collapse in Bay Area Earthquake",
"headTitle": "Thousands of This Type of Building Still at Risk of Collapse in Bay Area Earthquake | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Beyond the collapse of the Bay Bridge, some of the most enduring images of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake came out of San Francisco’s Marina and Mission districts, where buildings were destroyed, fires erupted and rescue dogs were brought in to sniff the rubble for the missing. [pullquote align='right' citation='Roland Burgmann, geologist at UC Berkeley']‘We are in much better shape than we used to be. But, if a really big one hits right in the Bay Area, it’s not going to be pretty.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the quake, the first stories of wood-framed residential buildings buckled, and some structures collapsed like Jenga towers with the bottom block removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these buildings ascended from a first story with large windows, garages, or big doors, a design that compromised their structural framing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last 30 years, and in the last decade in particular, urban planners across the region have pushed to reinforce these so-called soft-story structures, in recognition of their extreme vulnerability during a violent earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Loma Prieta, building owners and cities across the Bay Area have spent $1.2 billion on retrofits, according to a 2018 estimate by the U.S. Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all this work, thousands of buildings across the region remain unremediated and at risk of collapse or severe damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very fortunate in California that we have very good building codes now,” said Richard Allen, a Berkeley seismologist. “The challenge is that the older buildings are not up to those codes. When it comes to building safety, it comes down to when it was built.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A huge amount of investment has gone into retrofitting these buildings, says Roland Burgmann, a geologist who teaches at UC Berkeley. “But there are still many structures that will not perform very well during an earthquake,” he said. “We are in much better shape than we used to be. But, if a really big one hits right in the Bay Area, it’s not going to be pretty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One problem is that the region’s building codes are governed by a patchwork of mandates and rules, says Douglas Given, an earthquake early-warning coordinator for USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when cities have identified problematic buildings, they still struggle to get the work done, with funding as the biggest impediment, he says. “Either tax breaks or grants to get it done is what is needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem has been complicated by the state’s housing crunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22461\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/soft-story.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/soft-story.jpeg\" alt=\"Absence of adequate shear walls on the garage level exacerbated damage to this structure at the corner of Beach and Divisadero Streets, Marina District. [J.K. Nakata, U.S. Geological Survey]\" width=\"760\" height=\"512\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Absence of adequate shear walls on the garage level exacerbated damage to this structure at the corner of Beach and Divisadero Streets in San Francisco’s Marina District. \u003ccite>(J.K. Nakata, U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The work could take stock off the market, in some cases, or it would price people out of the building once the expense of the retrofit is built into the rent,” said Given.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2013, San Francisco became the first major city in California to require property owners to retrofit their wood-frame apartments with an open-ground first floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Department of Building Inspection has identified 4,921 total soft-story buildings that currently need to be fixed\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>Since the mandate, the city has received permit applications to make the upgrades on 98% of these structures, and 65% of them are now completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course, hundred percent is our target,” said Tom Hui, director of the the building inspection department. “Right now, with 98% percent of owners applying for permits, that’s very encouraging. Of course, we need to finish all the seismic work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hui said the issue is urgent and must be addressed soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the 1989 earthquake, we saw a lot of damage in the Marina District and the Mission District that affected thousands of people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lagging Behind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities, like Berkeley, Alameda and Fremont, have followed San Francisco in requiring retrofits for the 270, 100, and 22 soft-story buildings, respectively, within each city’s limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Oakland adopted a similar ordinance for 1,500 buildings, and Palo Alto is considering one for its 300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other cities, like San Jose, haven’t even compiled a full list of vulnerable residents. James Son, deputy director of San Jose’s planning and building department, says the city estimates it has about 1,400 soft-story buildings\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 2000s, Son said, a city engineer worked with a research team from San Jose State University to identify these properties, but the information was destroyed. Son called the loss “unfortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Jose City Council has asked its staff to look into incentivizing earthquake retrofits for homeowners; it has yet to require the repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It comes down to cost,” Son said. “We are working on incentives that would be the most cost-effective and attractive to building owners to retrofit their soft-story. We know that seismic activity can be devastating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain View has also yet to mandate retrofits for its 488 soft-story buildings divided into 5,100 residential units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are aware of those seismic concerns and are working on it,” said Wayne Chen, assistant community development director for Mountain View. “At the city council’s direction, we’ve started on this as a priority work plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the city’s rent-stabilization rules, landlords can petition to raise rents to cover the cost of city-mandated building improvements over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen says the city is exploring whether to mandate retrofits within this program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, retrofitting is a major expense. Reinforcing a weak first floor in San Francisco can cost between $60,000 and $1 million, according to the USGS estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some critics \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-quake-safety-bay-area-20180422-htmlstory.html\">say\u003c/a> the Bay Area, which has led the state in soft-story mitigation, is falling behind and missing a chance to leverage a ballooning tax base amidst a red-hot tech economy to pay for necessary fixes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the earthquake hazard in the Bay Area remains high. A 2016 USGS earthquake \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-probability-earthquake-will-occur-los-angeles-area-san-francisco-bay-area?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products\">forecast\u003c/a> for the region found a 72% chance of at least a 6.7 magnitude earthquake sometime in the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Beyond the collapse of the Bay Bridge, some of the most enduring images of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake came out of San Francisco’s Marina and Mission districts, where buildings were destroyed, fires erupted and rescue dogs were brought in to sniff the rubble for the missing. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the quake, the first stories of wood-framed residential buildings buckled, and some structures collapsed like Jenga towers with the bottom block removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these buildings ascended from a first story with large windows, garages, or big doors, a design that compromised their structural framing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last 30 years, and in the last decade in particular, urban planners across the region have pushed to reinforce these so-called soft-story structures, in recognition of their extreme vulnerability during a violent earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Loma Prieta, building owners and cities across the Bay Area have spent $1.2 billion on retrofits, according to a 2018 estimate by the U.S. Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all this work, thousands of buildings across the region remain unremediated and at risk of collapse or severe damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very fortunate in California that we have very good building codes now,” said Richard Allen, a Berkeley seismologist. “The challenge is that the older buildings are not up to those codes. When it comes to building safety, it comes down to when it was built.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A huge amount of investment has gone into retrofitting these buildings, says Roland Burgmann, a geologist who teaches at UC Berkeley. “But there are still many structures that will not perform very well during an earthquake,” he said. “We are in much better shape than we used to be. But, if a really big one hits right in the Bay Area, it’s not going to be pretty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One problem is that the region’s building codes are governed by a patchwork of mandates and rules, says Douglas Given, an earthquake early-warning coordinator for USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when cities have identified problematic buildings, they still struggle to get the work done, with funding as the biggest impediment, he says. “Either tax breaks or grants to get it done is what is needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem has been complicated by the state’s housing crunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22461\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/soft-story.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/soft-story.jpeg\" alt=\"Absence of adequate shear walls on the garage level exacerbated damage to this structure at the corner of Beach and Divisadero Streets, Marina District. [J.K. Nakata, U.S. Geological Survey]\" width=\"760\" height=\"512\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Absence of adequate shear walls on the garage level exacerbated damage to this structure at the corner of Beach and Divisadero Streets in San Francisco’s Marina District. \u003ccite>(J.K. Nakata, U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The work could take stock off the market, in some cases, or it would price people out of the building once the expense of the retrofit is built into the rent,” said Given.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2013, San Francisco became the first major city in California to require property owners to retrofit their wood-frame apartments with an open-ground first floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Department of Building Inspection has identified 4,921 total soft-story buildings that currently need to be fixed\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>Since the mandate, the city has received permit applications to make the upgrades on 98% of these structures, and 65% of them are now completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course, hundred percent is our target,” said Tom Hui, director of the the building inspection department. “Right now, with 98% percent of owners applying for permits, that’s very encouraging. Of course, we need to finish all the seismic work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hui said the issue is urgent and must be addressed soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the 1989 earthquake, we saw a lot of damage in the Marina District and the Mission District that affected thousands of people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lagging Behind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities, like Berkeley, Alameda and Fremont, have followed San Francisco in requiring retrofits for the 270, 100, and 22 soft-story buildings, respectively, within each city’s limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Oakland adopted a similar ordinance for 1,500 buildings, and Palo Alto is considering one for its 300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other cities, like San Jose, haven’t even compiled a full list of vulnerable residents. James Son, deputy director of San Jose’s planning and building department, says the city estimates it has about 1,400 soft-story buildings\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 2000s, Son said, a city engineer worked with a research team from San Jose State University to identify these properties, but the information was destroyed. Son called the loss “unfortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Jose City Council has asked its staff to look into incentivizing earthquake retrofits for homeowners; it has yet to require the repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It comes down to cost,” Son said. “We are working on incentives that would be the most cost-effective and attractive to building owners to retrofit their soft-story. We know that seismic activity can be devastating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain View has also yet to mandate retrofits for its 488 soft-story buildings divided into 5,100 residential units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are aware of those seismic concerns and are working on it,” said Wayne Chen, assistant community development director for Mountain View. “At the city council’s direction, we’ve started on this as a priority work plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the city’s rent-stabilization rules, landlords can petition to raise rents to cover the cost of city-mandated building improvements over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen says the city is exploring whether to mandate retrofits within this program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, retrofitting is a major expense. Reinforcing a weak first floor in San Francisco can cost between $60,000 and $1 million, according to the USGS estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some critics \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-quake-safety-bay-area-20180422-htmlstory.html\">say\u003c/a> the Bay Area, which has led the state in soft-story mitigation, is falling behind and missing a chance to leverage a ballooning tax base amidst a red-hot tech economy to pay for necessary fixes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the earthquake hazard in the Bay Area remains high. A 2016 USGS earthquake \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-probability-earthquake-will-occur-los-angeles-area-san-francisco-bay-area?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products\">forecast\u003c/a> for the region found a 72% chance of at least a 6.7 magnitude earthquake sometime in the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "With Residential Retrofit Scheme, Oakland Enters Next Phase of Quakeproofing",
"headTitle": "With Residential Retrofit Scheme, Oakland Enters Next Phase of Quakeproofing | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23216\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/oaklandbuilding.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/oaklandbuilding.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland apartment building\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland gains character as well as affordable housing from its stock of small and mid-sized apartment buildings. A city plan is being prepared to strengthen this crucial part of the city’s fabric against earthquake damage. (Andrew Alden photos)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the Bay Area’s next big earthquake strikes, \u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/housing/losses/\">forecasts say that more than 150,000 housing units will be permanently lost\u003c/a> and their residents made homeless—as things stand now. The majority of those earthquake refugees will come from one class of structure: small wood-framed apartment buildings with soft stories. Cities are now targeting these weak points in the urban fabric. Oakland, the Bay Area city with the greatest length of major fault lines in its borders, is joining Berkeley and San Francisco with a major strengthening program for soft-story apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes time to prepare a region against deadly earthquakes. A million things need attention, and most of them involve fixing structures that weren’t built with earthquakes in mind. In the 25 years since the Loma Prieta quake, Bay Area agencies have taken care of the big-ticket items. Caltrans has beefed up the big bridges and all the freeway overpasses. BART has strengthened its tracks and stations. The water agencies have fixed their largest mains wherever they cross a major fault line. The power and gas systems are much more robust today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a city’s lifelines are able to survive an earthquake, the next step is to see that residents can quickly resume their lives—with homes, schools and jobs. Schools are seismically strong, thanks to the Field Act of 1933. Modern business buildings meet strong codes and should be quickly repairable. Streets are straightforward to fix. Living places are the weakest link, and Oakland has been working on a program for several years to retrofit vulnerable residences. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest payoff is in fixing soft-story apartments—buildings with ground floors occupied by parking spaces or retail shops. When one of these building slumps, everyone in it is displaced, the building is ruined and its neighboring properties are jeopardized. The Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989 brought down many of these in the Marina district of San Francisco, and in Oakland some 1300 residence units of this type were lost or severely damaged—and in those cities that did not count as a major quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It pays in many ways to preserve them instead. Oakland’s city administrator, Henry Gardner, made a succinct case for a retrofit program \u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/wp-content/documents/Info_Memo_Safer_Housing_for_Oakland_Soft_Story_Apartment_Retrofit.pdf\">in a recent memo to the City Council\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Retrofitting soft-story apartment buildings will likely save lives, minimize injuries and help keep people in their homes after a major disaster. Renters can avoid personal losses, costs associated with relocating, and inflated rental prices. In particular, retrofitting soft-story apartment buildings will protect the most vulnerable, the same people most at risk of being displaced after a disaster. Building owners can avoid the cost of demolishing and rebuilding, and avoid revenue loss while rebuilding occurs. The public sector can avoid the cost of emergency services for disaster housing, and the loss of tax revenue from rental property owners. Additionally, retrofitting soft-story apartment buildings aligns with Oakland’s sustainability goals by reducing the City’s post-earthquake carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23217\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/oaklandapartment.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/oaklandapartment.jpg\" alt=\"Classic Oakland apartment building\" width=\"600\" height=\"453\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of small apartment building overlooking Lake Merritt\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It also must be said that these buildings are an important part of Oakland’s heritage and character. Many of them were built in the 1920s, and they dominate cherished neighborhoods all around Lake Merritt as well as the Dimond, Laurel and East Lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23218\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/oaklandsoftstorymap.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/oaklandsoftstorymap.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland soft-story inventory map\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23218\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portion of Oakland’s map of soft-story apartment buildings. Green shades refer to average household income. The volunteer coders of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.openoakland.org/\">Open Oakland\u003c/a> nonprofit have put together \u003ca href=\"http://softstory.openoakland.org/\">SoftStory\u003c/a>, an interactive map showing each of these residential buildings along with its status—evaluated, not yet evaluated, or exempt. (\u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/wp-content/documents/Info_Memo_Safer_Housing_for_Oakland_Soft_Story_Apartment_Retrofit.pdf\">City of Oakland\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland started its focus on soft-story apartments in 2008 with a preliminary survey that mapped 1400 of these buildings, then a 2009 ordinance requiring their owners to assess their structures. Now it’s ready to move ahead with a formal Soft Story Retrofit Program that will be presented to the City Council in a few months. Its basic elements are becoming clear, but the details are fluid. Building owners and residents will share the cost of retrofits, and a long menu of possible incentives will be considered. There is seed money available. (More details are given in \u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/wp-content/documents/Info_Memo_Safer_Housing_for_Oakland_Soft_Story_Apartment_Retrofit.pdf\">Gardner’s memo\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of several hearings on the proposal \u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/wp-content/documents/announcements/Seismic_Community_Forum_Flyer_10%2030%2014.pdf\">will be held tonight\u003c/a> from 5:30 to 7 pm at Oakland City Hall in Hearing Room 1. (City Hall, I should point out, \u003ca href=\"http://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2009/10/11/city-hall-and-the-loma-prieta-quake/\">is itself a monument to retrofitting\u003c/a>.) The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/05/four-bay-area-cities-selected-as-future-models-of-resilience/\">Chief Resilience Officer\u003c/a> of Oakland, Victoria Salinas, will speak and her San Francisco counterpart, Patrick Otellini, will share his city’s experience with \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgsa.org/index.aspx?page=6048\">its retrofit ordinance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More reading:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Association of Bay Area Governments \u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/projects/oakland-soft-story/\">page on Oakland Soft-Story Buildings\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofberkeley.info/Planning_and_Development/Building_and_Safety/Soft_Story_Program.aspx\">Berkeley’s Soft-Story Retrofit Program\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/PBN/OurOrganization/BuildingServices/DOWD008964\">Oakland Soft-Story Seismic Screening page\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco: “\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfaa.org/june2013/1306_otellini.shtml\">Survival of the Retrofittest\u003c/a>” by Patrick Otellini\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23216\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/oaklandbuilding.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/oaklandbuilding.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland apartment building\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland gains character as well as affordable housing from its stock of small and mid-sized apartment buildings. A city plan is being prepared to strengthen this crucial part of the city’s fabric against earthquake damage. (Andrew Alden photos)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the Bay Area’s next big earthquake strikes, \u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/housing/losses/\">forecasts say that more than 150,000 housing units will be permanently lost\u003c/a> and their residents made homeless—as things stand now. The majority of those earthquake refugees will come from one class of structure: small wood-framed apartment buildings with soft stories. Cities are now targeting these weak points in the urban fabric. Oakland, the Bay Area city with the greatest length of major fault lines in its borders, is joining Berkeley and San Francisco with a major strengthening program for soft-story apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes time to prepare a region against deadly earthquakes. A million things need attention, and most of them involve fixing structures that weren’t built with earthquakes in mind. In the 25 years since the Loma Prieta quake, Bay Area agencies have taken care of the big-ticket items. Caltrans has beefed up the big bridges and all the freeway overpasses. BART has strengthened its tracks and stations. The water agencies have fixed their largest mains wherever they cross a major fault line. The power and gas systems are much more robust today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a city’s lifelines are able to survive an earthquake, the next step is to see that residents can quickly resume their lives—with homes, schools and jobs. Schools are seismically strong, thanks to the Field Act of 1933. Modern business buildings meet strong codes and should be quickly repairable. Streets are straightforward to fix. Living places are the weakest link, and Oakland has been working on a program for several years to retrofit vulnerable residences. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest payoff is in fixing soft-story apartments—buildings with ground floors occupied by parking spaces or retail shops. When one of these building slumps, everyone in it is displaced, the building is ruined and its neighboring properties are jeopardized. The Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989 brought down many of these in the Marina district of San Francisco, and in Oakland some 1300 residence units of this type were lost or severely damaged—and in those cities that did not count as a major quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It pays in many ways to preserve them instead. Oakland’s city administrator, Henry Gardner, made a succinct case for a retrofit program \u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/wp-content/documents/Info_Memo_Safer_Housing_for_Oakland_Soft_Story_Apartment_Retrofit.pdf\">in a recent memo to the City Council\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Retrofitting soft-story apartment buildings will likely save lives, minimize injuries and help keep people in their homes after a major disaster. Renters can avoid personal losses, costs associated with relocating, and inflated rental prices. In particular, retrofitting soft-story apartment buildings will protect the most vulnerable, the same people most at risk of being displaced after a disaster. Building owners can avoid the cost of demolishing and rebuilding, and avoid revenue loss while rebuilding occurs. The public sector can avoid the cost of emergency services for disaster housing, and the loss of tax revenue from rental property owners. Additionally, retrofitting soft-story apartment buildings aligns with Oakland’s sustainability goals by reducing the City’s post-earthquake carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23217\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/oaklandapartment.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/oaklandapartment.jpg\" alt=\"Classic Oakland apartment building\" width=\"600\" height=\"453\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of small apartment building overlooking Lake Merritt\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It also must be said that these buildings are an important part of Oakland’s heritage and character. Many of them were built in the 1920s, and they dominate cherished neighborhoods all around Lake Merritt as well as the Dimond, Laurel and East Lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23218\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/oaklandsoftstorymap.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/oaklandsoftstorymap.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland soft-story inventory map\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23218\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portion of Oakland’s map of soft-story apartment buildings. Green shades refer to average household income. The volunteer coders of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.openoakland.org/\">Open Oakland\u003c/a> nonprofit have put together \u003ca href=\"http://softstory.openoakland.org/\">SoftStory\u003c/a>, an interactive map showing each of these residential buildings along with its status—evaluated, not yet evaluated, or exempt. (\u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/wp-content/documents/Info_Memo_Safer_Housing_for_Oakland_Soft_Story_Apartment_Retrofit.pdf\">City of Oakland\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland started its focus on soft-story apartments in 2008 with a preliminary survey that mapped 1400 of these buildings, then a 2009 ordinance requiring their owners to assess their structures. Now it’s ready to move ahead with a formal Soft Story Retrofit Program that will be presented to the City Council in a few months. Its basic elements are becoming clear, but the details are fluid. Building owners and residents will share the cost of retrofits, and a long menu of possible incentives will be considered. There is seed money available. (More details are given in \u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/wp-content/documents/Info_Memo_Safer_Housing_for_Oakland_Soft_Story_Apartment_Retrofit.pdf\">Gardner’s memo\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of several hearings on the proposal \u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/wp-content/documents/announcements/Seismic_Community_Forum_Flyer_10%2030%2014.pdf\">will be held tonight\u003c/a> from 5:30 to 7 pm at Oakland City Hall in Hearing Room 1. (City Hall, I should point out, \u003ca href=\"http://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2009/10/11/city-hall-and-the-loma-prieta-quake/\">is itself a monument to retrofitting\u003c/a>.) The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/05/four-bay-area-cities-selected-as-future-models-of-resilience/\">Chief Resilience Officer\u003c/a> of Oakland, Victoria Salinas, will speak and her San Francisco counterpart, Patrick Otellini, will share his city’s experience with \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgsa.org/index.aspx?page=6048\">its retrofit ordinance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More reading:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Association of Bay Area Governments \u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/projects/oakland-soft-story/\">page on Oakland Soft-Story Buildings\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofberkeley.info/Planning_and_Development/Building_and_Safety/Soft_Story_Program.aspx\">Berkeley’s Soft-Story Retrofit Program\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/PBN/OurOrganization/BuildingServices/DOWD008964\">Oakland Soft-Story Seismic Screening page\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco: “\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfaa.org/june2013/1306_otellini.shtml\">Survival of the Retrofittest\u003c/a>” by Patrick Otellini\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bay Area Remembers the Loma Prieta Earthquake",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Remembers the Loma Prieta Earthquake | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22539\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/NimitzFreewayLomaPrietaQuake_FullRes-1024x664.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22539 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/NimitzFreewayLomaPrietaQuake_FullRes-1024x664.jpg\" alt=\"The upper deck of the Cypress viaduct in Oakland collapsed onto the lower deck during the 1989 earthquake. (Joe Lewis/Wikimedia)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"664\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The upper deck of the Cypress viaduct in Oakland collapsed onto the lower deck during the 1989 earthquake. (Joe Lewis/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anyone who was in the Bay Area at 5:04 p.m. on October 17, 1989 has a story to tell about the Loma Prieta earthquake. They are stories of sorrow and survival, humor and courage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loma Prieta was the largest earthquake on the San Andreas fault since 1906. The 6.9 magnitude quake killed 63 people, injured more than 3,000 others and caused 6 billion dollars in property damage. It ruptured the Bay Bridge, the Embarcadero Freeway in San Francisco and the Nimitz Freeway in Oakland. It halted the World Series between the San Francisco Giants and the Oakland A’s for a record 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Loma Prieta earthquake, Bay Area residents can run earthquake drills, share stories and honor the lives of neighbors and loved ones at many events around the bay. And resource fairs will offer kid-friendly activities, plus information and demonstrations to help people prepare for major quakes in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, you can participate in the 7th Annual:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 30px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.shakeout.org/california/index.html\">\u003cstrong>Great California ShakeOut\u003c/strong> \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Thursday, October 16\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>10:16 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statewide drill encourages workplaces, schools and households to practice how to “drop, cover and hold” during an earthquake. You can register and find more resources online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22579\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/Earthquake-Responders.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22579 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/Earthquake-Responders.jpg\" alt=\"First responders search for victims at a collapsed department store in the Pacific Garden Mall in Santa Cruz. (U.S. Geological Survey)\" width=\"1400\" height=\"936\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">First responders search for victims at a collapsed department store in the Pacific Garden Mall in Santa Cruz after the ’89 quake. (C.E. Meyer/U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Santa Cruz and Oakland, officials will honor people who lost their lives, and emergency workers who responded to the disaster. Santa Cruz merchants, past city officials and scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey and UC Santa Cruz will reflect on lessons learned from the tragedy and discuss how Santa Cruz is strengthening its resilience for future earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 30px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=4029&from=rss&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+USGSNewsroomPartial+%28Newsroom+-+Partial+Descriptions%29#.VD6_eBaTzy1\">\u003cstrong>25 Years Later: Santa Cruz after the Loma Prieta Earthquake\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Friday, October 17\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> 10 a.m. to 11 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nCorner of Front Street and Pacific Avenue, Santa Cruz\u003cbr>\nFree\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s event will honor the 42 people who died when the Cypress Viaduct collapsed, and the many emergency workers who worked on the front lines. A resource fair will help residents prepare for future emergencies with activities, interactive demonstrations, and free earthquake preparedness items for the first 100 attendees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/OFD/o/OES/OAK049486\">\u003cstrong>Reflect. Honor. Prepare: Bridging Generations & Communities through Preparedness\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Friday, October 17\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> 11:30 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nCypress Freeway Memorial Park\u003cbr>\nMandela Parkway at 14\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Street, Oakland\u003cbr>\nFree\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the outdoor plaza of the Exploratorium will transform into an interactive earthquake preparedness fair. Mayor Ed Lee along with other public officials and community members will share their stories of the 1989 quake. In the “TOP Chef – Taste of Preparedness Cook-off” teams will compete to create a tasty meal using non-perishable items from emergency kits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/loma-prieta-oct-17-2014\">\u003cstrong>Loma Prieta 25\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Friday, October 17\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> 12:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe Exploratorium\u003cbr>\nPier 15, 698 The Embarcadero, San Francisco\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Free after 4 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in Aptos, near the epicenter of the quake, families can get tips on preparing for wildfires and drought as well as earthquakes, and scientists will share the lessons of Loma Prieta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.sandylydon.com/adv_quake2014.html\">\u003cstrong>Silver Anniversary Preparedness Fair and Lecture\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>in Aptos\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Saturday, October 18\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. (Fair) \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. (Lecture) \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nCabrillo College\u003cbr>\n6500 Soquel Drive, Aptos\u003cbr>\nQuadrangle between 100 building and the original college theater (Fair)\u003cbr>\nRoom 450, Forum Building, (Lecture)\u003cbr>\nThe fair is free. The lecture is $22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More events commemorating the 25th Anniversary of Loma Prieta can be found at:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lp25.org/\">Loma Prieta 25\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://bayquakealliance.org/events/\">Bay Area Earthquake Alliance\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22539\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/NimitzFreewayLomaPrietaQuake_FullRes-1024x664.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22539 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/NimitzFreewayLomaPrietaQuake_FullRes-1024x664.jpg\" alt=\"The upper deck of the Cypress viaduct in Oakland collapsed onto the lower deck during the 1989 earthquake. (Joe Lewis/Wikimedia)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"664\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The upper deck of the Cypress viaduct in Oakland collapsed onto the lower deck during the 1989 earthquake. (Joe Lewis/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anyone who was in the Bay Area at 5:04 p.m. on October 17, 1989 has a story to tell about the Loma Prieta earthquake. They are stories of sorrow and survival, humor and courage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loma Prieta was the largest earthquake on the San Andreas fault since 1906. The 6.9 magnitude quake killed 63 people, injured more than 3,000 others and caused 6 billion dollars in property damage. It ruptured the Bay Bridge, the Embarcadero Freeway in San Francisco and the Nimitz Freeway in Oakland. It halted the World Series between the San Francisco Giants and the Oakland A’s for a record 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Loma Prieta earthquake, Bay Area residents can run earthquake drills, share stories and honor the lives of neighbors and loved ones at many events around the bay. And resource fairs will offer kid-friendly activities, plus information and demonstrations to help people prepare for major quakes in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, you can participate in the 7th Annual:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 30px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.shakeout.org/california/index.html\">\u003cstrong>Great California ShakeOut\u003c/strong> \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Thursday, October 16\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>10:16 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statewide drill encourages workplaces, schools and households to practice how to “drop, cover and hold” during an earthquake. You can register and find more resources online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22579\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/Earthquake-Responders.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22579 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/Earthquake-Responders.jpg\" alt=\"First responders search for victims at a collapsed department store in the Pacific Garden Mall in Santa Cruz. (U.S. Geological Survey)\" width=\"1400\" height=\"936\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">First responders search for victims at a collapsed department store in the Pacific Garden Mall in Santa Cruz after the ’89 quake. (C.E. Meyer/U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Santa Cruz and Oakland, officials will honor people who lost their lives, and emergency workers who responded to the disaster. Santa Cruz merchants, past city officials and scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey and UC Santa Cruz will reflect on lessons learned from the tragedy and discuss how Santa Cruz is strengthening its resilience for future earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 30px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=4029&from=rss&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+USGSNewsroomPartial+%28Newsroom+-+Partial+Descriptions%29#.VD6_eBaTzy1\">\u003cstrong>25 Years Later: Santa Cruz after the Loma Prieta Earthquake\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Friday, October 17\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> 10 a.m. to 11 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nCorner of Front Street and Pacific Avenue, Santa Cruz\u003cbr>\nFree\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s event will honor the 42 people who died when the Cypress Viaduct collapsed, and the many emergency workers who worked on the front lines. A resource fair will help residents prepare for future emergencies with activities, interactive demonstrations, and free earthquake preparedness items for the first 100 attendees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/OFD/o/OES/OAK049486\">\u003cstrong>Reflect. Honor. Prepare: Bridging Generations & Communities through Preparedness\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Friday, October 17\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> 11:30 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nCypress Freeway Memorial Park\u003cbr>\nMandela Parkway at 14\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Street, Oakland\u003cbr>\nFree\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the outdoor plaza of the Exploratorium will transform into an interactive earthquake preparedness fair. Mayor Ed Lee along with other public officials and community members will share their stories of the 1989 quake. In the “TOP Chef – Taste of Preparedness Cook-off” teams will compete to create a tasty meal using non-perishable items from emergency kits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/loma-prieta-oct-17-2014\">\u003cstrong>Loma Prieta 25\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Friday, October 17\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> 12:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe Exploratorium\u003cbr>\nPier 15, 698 The Embarcadero, San Francisco\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Free after 4 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in Aptos, near the epicenter of the quake, families can get tips on preparing for wildfires and drought as well as earthquakes, and scientists will share the lessons of Loma Prieta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.sandylydon.com/adv_quake2014.html\">\u003cstrong>Silver Anniversary Preparedness Fair and Lecture\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>in Aptos\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Saturday, October 18\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. (Fair) \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. (Lecture) \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nCabrillo College\u003cbr>\n6500 Soquel Drive, Aptos\u003cbr>\nQuadrangle between 100 building and the original college theater (Fair)\u003cbr>\nRoom 450, Forum Building, (Lecture)\u003cbr>\nThe fair is free. The lecture is $22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More events commemorating the 25th Anniversary of Loma Prieta can be found at:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lp25.org/\">Loma Prieta 25\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://bayquakealliance.org/events/\">Bay Area Earthquake Alliance\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "25 Years After the Loma Prieta Earthquake, Are We Safer?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/10/20141013science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22449\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 758px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/cypress-viaduct.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22449\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/cypress-viaduct.jpeg\" alt=\"Side view of support-column failure and collapsed upper deck, Cypress viaduct. [H.G. Wilshire, U.S. Geological Survey]\" width=\"758\" height=\"512\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cypress viaduct in Oakland collapsed in the Loma Prieta earthquake. (H.G. Wilshire/U.S. Geological Survey) \u003ccite>(H.G. Wilshire/U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Twenty-five years ago this Friday, the Loma Prieta earthquake tore across the Bay Area landscape. The quake ruptured the Bay Bridge and ripped through buildings, killing 63 people and injuring more than 3,000 others. More than 11,000 homes were destroyed … more than 12,000 people left homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of people \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/12/19/candlestick-park-loma-prieta-earthquake\">were in Candlestick Park\u003c/a> when the quake hit at 5:04, just before the start of Game 3 in the World Series Battle of the Bay, the San Francisco Giants playing the Oakland A’s. The quake \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUKNvoAAa8s\">shut down the broadcast\u003c/a> and halted the Series for a record 10 days. (The A’s won.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Loma Prieta, billions of dollars have gone into making the Bay Area safer for the next Big One. So, a quarter-century later, how are we doing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s really a lot to celebrate,” says Dr. Mary Lou Zoback, a consulting professor in geophysics at Stanford University and a widely recognized authority on earthquakes and risk management. “In fact I’ve been telling people I think the Bay Area is an epicenter of resilience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Resilience” is the word that gets risk managers excited. It’s the idea that the roads, buildings and services people need the most can be made ready for a big shake. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“The damage and destruction can’t be avoided, but it doesn’t have to be life-stopping.”\u003ccite>— Dr. Mary Lou Zoback, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> Then, after an earthquake, emergency centers could be up and running right away and power and water could be back up within days instead of months. People could stay in their homes, return to work and shop at their corner grocery store. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a resilient city, fewer small businesses would fail after a major earthquake, because the residents they rely on would still be there. Schools could re-open, so fewer families would have to leave in order to send their children back to school. The economy could rebound a bit more readily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The damage and destruction can’t be avoided,” Zoback says, “but it doesn’t have to be life-stopping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Lot of Work Done\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While experts agree the Bay Area still has a lot of work to do to be resilient in all these ways, they also say we’re in much better shape today than we were 25 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Loma Prieta was a game-changer, particularly for Northern California,” says Dr. David Schwartz, a senior geologist with the U.S. Geological Service, and Co-Chairman of the Bay Area Earthquake Alliance. “It led to a tremendous number of changes regarding infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22465\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/RS6229_IMG_5691-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/RS6229_IMG_5691-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"The new eastern span of the Bay Bridge. The eastbound deck (center) is exposed, no longer underneath westbound deck. (Andrew Stelzer/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" class=\"size-large wp-image-22465\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new eastern span of the Bay Bridge. The eastbound deck (center) is exposed, no longer underneath westbound deck. (Andrew Stelzer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://baybridgeinfo.org/\">Bay Bridge\u003c/a>, at $6.5 billion dollars, is one of the best-known infrastructure retrofits. Another is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=115\">Hetch-Hetchy water system upgrade\u003c/a>. That’s a $4.6 billion project to ensure a reliable water supply for 2.6 million Bay Area residents, in the event of an earthquake — and it’s roughly 80 percent done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, there are unheralded miles of other bridges, pipelines and tunnels, retrofitted by public agencies and private companies. Zoback says the leader was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/sites/default/files/pdfs/Earthquake_Readiness_0.pdf\">East Bay Municipal Utility District\u003c/a>. They provide water for more than a million people in Alameda and Contra Costa counties, and, says Zoback, they got to work immediately after Loma Prieta, identifying where the pipelines were vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many cases they had single lines crossing faults,” Zoback says, “so if that line went down the whole system would go down. So they set about very early on a retrofit program that was not only looking at their actual pipelines and dams, but also the administrative buildings that need to be running.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By prioritizing operations, as well as pipelines, and then financing the work with bonds that are paid back by rate increases, Zoback says East Bay MUD set the model for infrastructure retrofits in the Bay Area, and other utilities followed suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall, the San Francisco Bay Area has made amazing progress,” Zoback says. “We’ve invested on the order of $50 billion in strengthening buildings and infrastructure, just in that past 25 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of that money has gone into strengthening city halls, where many cities have their emergency command centers. These buildings have been retrofitted to keep emergency centers functional after an earthquake. That’s more than the law requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because our building code standard is really something we call Life Safety standard,” Zoback says, “which means the building could largely collapse but people would be able to get out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water, power, bridges, emergency command centers – here’s where the Bay Area has made the biggest strides in the 25 years since Loma Prieta. The areas that still have a way to go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22447\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 765px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/building-and-water.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22447\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/building-and-water.jpeg\" alt=\"Ground view of collapsed building and burned area shown in photo 4, Beach and Divisadero, Marina District. [C.E. Meyer, U.S. Geological Survey]\" width=\"765\" height=\"512\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Liquefaction in the soil substrate caused many buildings in San Francisco’s Marina neighborhood to collapse. (C.E. Meyer/USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The greatest challenge for the next 25 years are private facilities,” says Danielle Mieler, Resilience Program Coordinator for the \u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/\">Association of Bay Area Governments\u003c/a> (ABAG). “Homes, private schools and businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason it’s a challenge is that many private property owners are individuals and small businesses who can’t simply float a bond measure or raise rates to get funding for a seismic retrofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city is able to find financing mechanisms that aren’t available to the private sector,” says Patrick Otellini, chief resilience officer for San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three categories on the top of risk managers’ minds? Private schools, hospitals and soft-story buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Many Private Schools Could Collapse?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private schools tend to be located in old or historic buildings, says Mieler, and when a private school takes over a building, there’s no law requiring the building be brought up to code.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t think it’s understood by many people that private school and public school standards are different.”\u003ccite>— Danielle Mieler, Association of Bay Area Governments\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, while public schools are required by state law to meet certain design and seismic standards, private schools are not subject to these laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think it’s understood by many people that private school and public school standards are different,” Mieler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the Bay Area’s private schools could survive a quake is a mystery, because hardly any have been inspected. San Francisco, where one-third of school children attend private schools, only just passed an ordinance requiring these schools have earthquake inspections. That was after a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgsa.org/index.aspx?page=6047\">task force report\u003c/a> found that one-third of private schools in the city would “perform poorly” in an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hospitals: Upgraded, But Not Necessarily Functional\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals have been scrambling to raise funds for and complete seismic upgrades since a 2008 law requiring that all acute care buildings be brought up to the Life Safety standard by 2013. Hospitals could choose between retrofitting, rebuilding, or removing the building from service. Governor Brown recently signed legislation giving a few hospitals until 2015 to meet the standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development says 88 percent of California’s acute care hospital buildings are now no longer in danger of collapsing in an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hospitals have until 2030 to show they can provide medical care right after a quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Until they all reach this performance standard that they can function within hours, we’re going to have a case where some hospitals are just not going to be able to provide services,” Zoback says. “It may be because they don’t have the power or the water, or it may be portions collapse, and it could just be stairwells, or the elevators don’t work, and some of those things can cripple a hospital, even though the building itself is still standing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest question for hospitals is where the money will come from to do the next level of retrofits, and right now, there’s not a clear answer to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/soft-story.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22461\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/soft-story.jpeg\" alt=\"Absence of adequate shear walls on the garage level exacerbated damage to this structure at the corner of Beach and Divisadero Streets, Marina District. [J.K. Nakata, U.S. Geological Survey]\" width=\"760\" height=\"512\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This collapse at the garage level shows what can happen to a soft-story building in an earthquake. (J.K. Nakata, USGS) \u003ccite>(J.K. Nakata, U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Soft-Story Buildings: In Process\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of an apartment building with three or four stories over a garage, or over a retail space with large windows; that’s a soft-story building. It’s a building where the lower level isn’t reinforced as strongly as the upper levels, and these buildings are prone to “soft-story collapse” in an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area cities are tackling the problem in various ways, says ABAG’s Mieler. Berkeley is mandating retrofits Alameda required owners to evaluate their buildings and Oakland is figuring out how to get retrofits done, after a survey that showed about 1,400 soft-story buildings in need of upgrades. There was a study done several years back on South Bay soft-story buildings, Mieler says, but no action yet on upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco just completed its survey, Otellini says, and found 4,800 soft-story buildings in need of a retrofit. The biggest obstacle is money, since private owners simply have to pay for it. So Otellini says he’s putting together a series of agreements with local banks to finance the retrofits using a range of loan options the banks will create.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Anticipating the Success Stories\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the stories Zoback likes to tell is about an historic building on the Stanford campus. Roble Hall, built in 1918, is a 3-story dorm with ivy draping the windows, and hollow clay tile walls. Zoback says the building was at risk of collapsing in an earthquake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22470\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/140402-85301-e1412989143371.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/140402-85301-e1412989143371.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford University completed the retrofit on Roble Dorm and re-opened the doors to 300 students just weeks before Loma Prieta, likely saving hundreds of lives. (Linda A. Cicero / Stanford News Service)\" width=\"640\" height=\"372\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22470\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Consulting geosciences professor and risk management expert Dr. Mary Lou Zoback says Stanford’s timely retrofit of Roble Hall likely saved hundreds of lives. (Linda A. Cicero / Stanford News Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stanford completed a retrofit and opened Roble’s doors to 300 students, as classes began in the fall of 1989. A few weeks later, the earthquake shook the campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the students would have been in dorm rooms waiting to go to dinner,” Zoback says. “And we could have had several hundred deaths in this one building alone. So, these are the stories we want to be reporting on in the next earthquake is the success of the retrofits that have been done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s no doubt that one or more serious earthquakes is in the Bay Area’s future. “We’ve reached a point where the stress from the movement of the plates has built up and they have to release it,” says Schwartz of USGS. “The faults have to fail.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Bay Area taxpayers have spent billions of dollars over the last quarter-century to make our bridges, water pipes and power supplies safer in an earthquake. Experts say that means the Bay Area is much better off now. At the same time, the work is far from over.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22449\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 758px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/cypress-viaduct.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22449\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/cypress-viaduct.jpeg\" alt=\"Side view of support-column failure and collapsed upper deck, Cypress viaduct. [H.G. Wilshire, U.S. Geological Survey]\" width=\"758\" height=\"512\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cypress viaduct in Oakland collapsed in the Loma Prieta earthquake. (H.G. Wilshire/U.S. Geological Survey) \u003ccite>(H.G. Wilshire/U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Twenty-five years ago this Friday, the Loma Prieta earthquake tore across the Bay Area landscape. The quake ruptured the Bay Bridge and ripped through buildings, killing 63 people and injuring more than 3,000 others. More than 11,000 homes were destroyed … more than 12,000 people left homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of people \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/12/19/candlestick-park-loma-prieta-earthquake\">were in Candlestick Park\u003c/a> when the quake hit at 5:04, just before the start of Game 3 in the World Series Battle of the Bay, the San Francisco Giants playing the Oakland A’s. The quake \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUKNvoAAa8s\">shut down the broadcast\u003c/a> and halted the Series for a record 10 days. (The A’s won.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Loma Prieta, billions of dollars have gone into making the Bay Area safer for the next Big One. So, a quarter-century later, how are we doing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s really a lot to celebrate,” says Dr. Mary Lou Zoback, a consulting professor in geophysics at Stanford University and a widely recognized authority on earthquakes and risk management. “In fact I’ve been telling people I think the Bay Area is an epicenter of resilience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Resilience” is the word that gets risk managers excited. It’s the idea that the roads, buildings and services people need the most can be made ready for a big shake. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“The damage and destruction can’t be avoided, but it doesn’t have to be life-stopping.”\u003ccite>— Dr. Mary Lou Zoback, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> Then, after an earthquake, emergency centers could be up and running right away and power and water could be back up within days instead of months. People could stay in their homes, return to work and shop at their corner grocery store. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a resilient city, fewer small businesses would fail after a major earthquake, because the residents they rely on would still be there. Schools could re-open, so fewer families would have to leave in order to send their children back to school. The economy could rebound a bit more readily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The damage and destruction can’t be avoided,” Zoback says, “but it doesn’t have to be life-stopping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Lot of Work Done\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While experts agree the Bay Area still has a lot of work to do to be resilient in all these ways, they also say we’re in much better shape today than we were 25 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Loma Prieta was a game-changer, particularly for Northern California,” says Dr. David Schwartz, a senior geologist with the U.S. Geological Service, and Co-Chairman of the Bay Area Earthquake Alliance. “It led to a tremendous number of changes regarding infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22465\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/RS6229_IMG_5691-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/RS6229_IMG_5691-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"The new eastern span of the Bay Bridge. The eastbound deck (center) is exposed, no longer underneath westbound deck. (Andrew Stelzer/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" class=\"size-large wp-image-22465\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new eastern span of the Bay Bridge. The eastbound deck (center) is exposed, no longer underneath westbound deck. (Andrew Stelzer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://baybridgeinfo.org/\">Bay Bridge\u003c/a>, at $6.5 billion dollars, is one of the best-known infrastructure retrofits. Another is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=115\">Hetch-Hetchy water system upgrade\u003c/a>. That’s a $4.6 billion project to ensure a reliable water supply for 2.6 million Bay Area residents, in the event of an earthquake — and it’s roughly 80 percent done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, there are unheralded miles of other bridges, pipelines and tunnels, retrofitted by public agencies and private companies. Zoback says the leader was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/sites/default/files/pdfs/Earthquake_Readiness_0.pdf\">East Bay Municipal Utility District\u003c/a>. They provide water for more than a million people in Alameda and Contra Costa counties, and, says Zoback, they got to work immediately after Loma Prieta, identifying where the pipelines were vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many cases they had single lines crossing faults,” Zoback says, “so if that line went down the whole system would go down. So they set about very early on a retrofit program that was not only looking at their actual pipelines and dams, but also the administrative buildings that need to be running.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By prioritizing operations, as well as pipelines, and then financing the work with bonds that are paid back by rate increases, Zoback says East Bay MUD set the model for infrastructure retrofits in the Bay Area, and other utilities followed suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall, the San Francisco Bay Area has made amazing progress,” Zoback says. “We’ve invested on the order of $50 billion in strengthening buildings and infrastructure, just in that past 25 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of that money has gone into strengthening city halls, where many cities have their emergency command centers. These buildings have been retrofitted to keep emergency centers functional after an earthquake. That’s more than the law requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because our building code standard is really something we call Life Safety standard,” Zoback says, “which means the building could largely collapse but people would be able to get out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water, power, bridges, emergency command centers – here’s where the Bay Area has made the biggest strides in the 25 years since Loma Prieta. The areas that still have a way to go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22447\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 765px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/building-and-water.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22447\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/building-and-water.jpeg\" alt=\"Ground view of collapsed building and burned area shown in photo 4, Beach and Divisadero, Marina District. [C.E. Meyer, U.S. Geological Survey]\" width=\"765\" height=\"512\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Liquefaction in the soil substrate caused many buildings in San Francisco’s Marina neighborhood to collapse. (C.E. Meyer/USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The greatest challenge for the next 25 years are private facilities,” says Danielle Mieler, Resilience Program Coordinator for the \u003ca href=\"http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/\">Association of Bay Area Governments\u003c/a> (ABAG). “Homes, private schools and businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason it’s a challenge is that many private property owners are individuals and small businesses who can’t simply float a bond measure or raise rates to get funding for a seismic retrofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city is able to find financing mechanisms that aren’t available to the private sector,” says Patrick Otellini, chief resilience officer for San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three categories on the top of risk managers’ minds? Private schools, hospitals and soft-story buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Many Private Schools Could Collapse?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private schools tend to be located in old or historic buildings, says Mieler, and when a private school takes over a building, there’s no law requiring the building be brought up to code.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t think it’s understood by many people that private school and public school standards are different.”\u003ccite>— Danielle Mieler, Association of Bay Area Governments\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, while public schools are required by state law to meet certain design and seismic standards, private schools are not subject to these laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think it’s understood by many people that private school and public school standards are different,” Mieler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the Bay Area’s private schools could survive a quake is a mystery, because hardly any have been inspected. San Francisco, where one-third of school children attend private schools, only just passed an ordinance requiring these schools have earthquake inspections. That was after a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgsa.org/index.aspx?page=6047\">task force report\u003c/a> found that one-third of private schools in the city would “perform poorly” in an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hospitals: Upgraded, But Not Necessarily Functional\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals have been scrambling to raise funds for and complete seismic upgrades since a 2008 law requiring that all acute care buildings be brought up to the Life Safety standard by 2013. Hospitals could choose between retrofitting, rebuilding, or removing the building from service. Governor Brown recently signed legislation giving a few hospitals until 2015 to meet the standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development says 88 percent of California’s acute care hospital buildings are now no longer in danger of collapsing in an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hospitals have until 2030 to show they can provide medical care right after a quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Until they all reach this performance standard that they can function within hours, we’re going to have a case where some hospitals are just not going to be able to provide services,” Zoback says. “It may be because they don’t have the power or the water, or it may be portions collapse, and it could just be stairwells, or the elevators don’t work, and some of those things can cripple a hospital, even though the building itself is still standing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest question for hospitals is where the money will come from to do the next level of retrofits, and right now, there’s not a clear answer to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/soft-story.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22461\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/soft-story.jpeg\" alt=\"Absence of adequate shear walls on the garage level exacerbated damage to this structure at the corner of Beach and Divisadero Streets, Marina District. [J.K. Nakata, U.S. Geological Survey]\" width=\"760\" height=\"512\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This collapse at the garage level shows what can happen to a soft-story building in an earthquake. (J.K. Nakata, USGS) \u003ccite>(J.K. Nakata, U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Soft-Story Buildings: In Process\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of an apartment building with three or four stories over a garage, or over a retail space with large windows; that’s a soft-story building. It’s a building where the lower level isn’t reinforced as strongly as the upper levels, and these buildings are prone to “soft-story collapse” in an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area cities are tackling the problem in various ways, says ABAG’s Mieler. Berkeley is mandating retrofits Alameda required owners to evaluate their buildings and Oakland is figuring out how to get retrofits done, after a survey that showed about 1,400 soft-story buildings in need of upgrades. There was a study done several years back on South Bay soft-story buildings, Mieler says, but no action yet on upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco just completed its survey, Otellini says, and found 4,800 soft-story buildings in need of a retrofit. The biggest obstacle is money, since private owners simply have to pay for it. So Otellini says he’s putting together a series of agreements with local banks to finance the retrofits using a range of loan options the banks will create.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Anticipating the Success Stories\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the stories Zoback likes to tell is about an historic building on the Stanford campus. Roble Hall, built in 1918, is a 3-story dorm with ivy draping the windows, and hollow clay tile walls. Zoback says the building was at risk of collapsing in an earthquake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22470\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/140402-85301-e1412989143371.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/140402-85301-e1412989143371.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford University completed the retrofit on Roble Dorm and re-opened the doors to 300 students just weeks before Loma Prieta, likely saving hundreds of lives. (Linda A. Cicero / Stanford News Service)\" width=\"640\" height=\"372\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22470\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Consulting geosciences professor and risk management expert Dr. Mary Lou Zoback says Stanford’s timely retrofit of Roble Hall likely saved hundreds of lives. (Linda A. Cicero / Stanford News Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stanford completed a retrofit and opened Roble’s doors to 300 students, as classes began in the fall of 1989. A few weeks later, the earthquake shook the campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the students would have been in dorm rooms waiting to go to dinner,” Zoback says. “And we could have had several hundred deaths in this one building alone. So, these are the stories we want to be reporting on in the next earthquake is the success of the retrofits that have been done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s no doubt that one or more serious earthquakes is in the Bay Area’s future. “We’ve reached a point where the stress from the movement of the plates has built up and they have to release it,” says Schwartz of USGS. “The faults have to fail.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/08/20140825science.mp3\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">6.0-magnitude earthquake\u003c/a> that shook Napa and surrounding communities on Sunday was the largest to hit the Bay Area in 25 years. More than 100 people were treated for injuries at Queen of the Valley Hospital, streets buckled and wine bottles flew from store shelves. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20983\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/454081604-640x431-e1408937362954.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/454081604-640x431-e1408937362954.jpg\" alt=\"A passerby stops to take a picture of damage to the Napa post office. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20983\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A passerby stops to take a picture of damage to the Napa post office. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The USGS has issued an advisory that another strong temblor could happen in the area of the South Napa Earthquake in the next few days, but the chances of that are diminishing quickly. Meanwhile, scientists are still trying to find out more about the fault where Sunday’s earthquake occurred. They are focusing on the small West Napa Fault. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KQED Senior Science Editor spoke with Brad Aagaard, geophysicist with USGS based in Menlo Park. He explained what experts know so far.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brad Aagaard: The West Napa Fault is a fault that is mapped primarily directly west of the city of Napa, along the edge of the foothills. And as you go further south into the region of the magnitude 6.0 earthquake of Sunday morning, it’s expected at the surface to become much less. We don’t yet know whether this earthquake occurred on the West Napa Fault or just in its vicinity on a smaller structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Andrea Kissack: So you’re not even sure you know what fault line this is on yet?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you know what other faults it could be connected to yet, or do you need to know what fault line it is first?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is the Franklin Fault which is mapped in this vicinity, but this also could be on an un-mapped fault that is a smaller structure that is yet to be recognized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there other dormant, little-known faults in the area and does this quake change the way you’re looking at these less known faults?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the San Francisco Bay Area we are in the middle of the San Andreas Fault system. So even the Hayward Rogers Creek Fault on the east side of the bay is really considered part of the San Andreas Fault System, and there are a lot of smaller structures that link these faults together. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can make magnitude-6.0 earthquakes on any of these smaller structures but we would not expect a magnitude-7.0 earthquake on these smaller structures. We would expect those on our primary faults such as the San Andreas Fault and the Hayward Rogers Creek Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What kind of quake was this? Can you tell me more about the mechanics of it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the Bay Area most of our faults are strike-slip faults, where one side of the fault moves laterally relative to the other side, and this is a result of our plate boundary here along the San Andreas Fault System with the Pacific plate moving to the North relative to the North American plate. With that plate motion being accommodated with one plate sliding past another that’s why most faults are accommodating that lateral motion. [contextly_sidebar id=”LdoY9ftd3tEmjEqctgGGaaV35p3SP5aC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunday’s magnitude-6.0 earthquake accommodated this side swept motion and even the alignment of the fault is very consistent with the orientation of the plate boundary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The USGS characterized this as a violent shaking quake but reports from near the epicenter really varied. Some people in American Canyon described only a moderate shaking. Why would there be such disparities?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The level of shaking is really controlled by the local ground conditions and precisely where you are relative to where the earthquake is. Locations closer to sediments — central parts of the river valleys — where the material is softer, so it tends to amplify the shaking. If you’re out in the hills, especially if you’re on hard bedrock, you tend to have more rigid material underneath you so that’s going to cause a different, lower amplitude of shaking. Also in this particular earthquake, because it was a strike-slip the energy tends to be focused along the fault. So if you’re even just a few miles perpendicular to the fault you can have very different shaking than you are if you’re aligned with the fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20995\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 625px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/quakecomparison.jpg\" alt=\"(David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"625\" height=\"528\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20995\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This is the largest quake to hit the Bay Area in 25 years, how much stronger was the Loma Prieta quake and what were the similarities and differences between these two?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the Loma Prieta earthquake was a magnitude-6.9 event and even though it occurred down in the Santa Cruz mountains, closer to Santa Cruz, it did cause damage in San Francisco and Oakland and it was the Oakland area where most of the loss of life was so that sort of gives you the difference in scale between a magnitude 6.9, which releases 30 times more energy than a magnitude-6.0 earthquake. We’re seeing most of the damage of this magnitude-6.0 earthquake concentrated within about 10 kilometers or six miles of where the earthquake occurred, and this is sort of consistent with a smaller size event compared to the size event of the Loma Prieta size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There is an early warning system being piloted in California. How did it measure up in this quake?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/24/uc-berkeley-early-warning-system-predicted-south-napa-earthquake/\">early warning system worked\u003c/a> in this case. The prototype would have provided ten seconds of warning in the San Francisco area and that few seconds of warning is very important for people to be able to take action such as do drop, cover and hold on before the strong shaking hits them. If you’re closer to the earthquake you have less warning and so it’s a reminder that people need to be prepared to immediately take action, do a drop cover and hold on when they feel an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/08/20140825science.mp3\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">6.0-magnitude earthquake\u003c/a> that shook Napa and surrounding communities on Sunday was the largest to hit the Bay Area in 25 years. More than 100 people were treated for injuries at Queen of the Valley Hospital, streets buckled and wine bottles flew from store shelves. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20983\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/454081604-640x431-e1408937362954.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/454081604-640x431-e1408937362954.jpg\" alt=\"A passerby stops to take a picture of damage to the Napa post office. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20983\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A passerby stops to take a picture of damage to the Napa post office. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The USGS has issued an advisory that another strong temblor could happen in the area of the South Napa Earthquake in the next few days, but the chances of that are diminishing quickly. Meanwhile, scientists are still trying to find out more about the fault where Sunday’s earthquake occurred. They are focusing on the small West Napa Fault. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KQED Senior Science Editor spoke with Brad Aagaard, geophysicist with USGS based in Menlo Park. He explained what experts know so far.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brad Aagaard: The West Napa Fault is a fault that is mapped primarily directly west of the city of Napa, along the edge of the foothills. And as you go further south into the region of the magnitude 6.0 earthquake of Sunday morning, it’s expected at the surface to become much less. We don’t yet know whether this earthquake occurred on the West Napa Fault or just in its vicinity on a smaller structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Andrea Kissack: So you’re not even sure you know what fault line this is on yet?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you know what other faults it could be connected to yet, or do you need to know what fault line it is first?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is the Franklin Fault which is mapped in this vicinity, but this also could be on an un-mapped fault that is a smaller structure that is yet to be recognized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there other dormant, little-known faults in the area and does this quake change the way you’re looking at these less known faults?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the San Francisco Bay Area we are in the middle of the San Andreas Fault system. So even the Hayward Rogers Creek Fault on the east side of the bay is really considered part of the San Andreas Fault System, and there are a lot of smaller structures that link these faults together. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can make magnitude-6.0 earthquakes on any of these smaller structures but we would not expect a magnitude-7.0 earthquake on these smaller structures. We would expect those on our primary faults such as the San Andreas Fault and the Hayward Rogers Creek Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What kind of quake was this? Can you tell me more about the mechanics of it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the Bay Area most of our faults are strike-slip faults, where one side of the fault moves laterally relative to the other side, and this is a result of our plate boundary here along the San Andreas Fault System with the Pacific plate moving to the North relative to the North American plate. With that plate motion being accommodated with one plate sliding past another that’s why most faults are accommodating that lateral motion. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunday’s magnitude-6.0 earthquake accommodated this side swept motion and even the alignment of the fault is very consistent with the orientation of the plate boundary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The USGS characterized this as a violent shaking quake but reports from near the epicenter really varied. Some people in American Canyon described only a moderate shaking. Why would there be such disparities?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The level of shaking is really controlled by the local ground conditions and precisely where you are relative to where the earthquake is. Locations closer to sediments — central parts of the river valleys — where the material is softer, so it tends to amplify the shaking. If you’re out in the hills, especially if you’re on hard bedrock, you tend to have more rigid material underneath you so that’s going to cause a different, lower amplitude of shaking. Also in this particular earthquake, because it was a strike-slip the energy tends to be focused along the fault. So if you’re even just a few miles perpendicular to the fault you can have very different shaking than you are if you’re aligned with the fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20995\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 625px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/quakecomparison.jpg\" alt=\"(David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"625\" height=\"528\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20995\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This is the largest quake to hit the Bay Area in 25 years, how much stronger was the Loma Prieta quake and what were the similarities and differences between these two?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the Loma Prieta earthquake was a magnitude-6.9 event and even though it occurred down in the Santa Cruz mountains, closer to Santa Cruz, it did cause damage in San Francisco and Oakland and it was the Oakland area where most of the loss of life was so that sort of gives you the difference in scale between a magnitude 6.9, which releases 30 times more energy than a magnitude-6.0 earthquake. We’re seeing most of the damage of this magnitude-6.0 earthquake concentrated within about 10 kilometers or six miles of where the earthquake occurred, and this is sort of consistent with a smaller size event compared to the size event of the Loma Prieta size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There is an early warning system being piloted in California. How did it measure up in this quake?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/24/uc-berkeley-early-warning-system-predicted-south-napa-earthquake/\">early warning system worked\u003c/a> in this case. The prototype would have provided ten seconds of warning in the San Francisco area and that few seconds of warning is very important for people to be able to take action such as do drop, cover and hold on before the strong shaking hits them. If you’re closer to the earthquake you have less warning and so it’s a reminder that people need to be prepared to immediately take action, do a drop cover and hold on when they feel an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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